1
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Zhou H, Ji Y, Li J, Sun L. The study on the role of O-GlcNAcylation of SIRT3 in regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress during simulate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21201. [PMID: 39261577 PMCID: PMC11390985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a significant complication following reperfusion therapy after myocardial infarction. Mitochondrial oxidative stress is a critical factor in MIRI, and Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), as a major mitochondrial deacetylase, plays a key protective role, with its activity potentially regulated by O-GlcNAcylation. This study used the H9C2 cell line to establish a simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) model, we utilized co-immunoprecipitated to validate the relationship between O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and SIRT3, demonstrated SIRT3 O-GlcNAcylation sites through LC-MS/MS, and performed site mutations using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The results were validated using immunoblotting. SIRT3 and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) activities were detected using a fluorometric assay, while mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (MROS) levels and cellular apoptosis were assessed using immunofluorescence. We have identified an interaction between SIRT3 and OGT, where SIRT3 undergoes dynamic O-GlcNAcylation at the S190 site, facilitating SIRT3 deacetylase activity. During SI/R, elevated levels of O-GlcNAcylation activate SOD2 by promoting SIRT3 enzyme activity, thereby inhibiting excessive MROS production. This significantly mitigates the occurrence of malignant autophagy in myocardial cells during reperfusion, promoting their survival. Conversely, blocking SIRT3 O-GlcNAcylation at the S190 site exacerbates SI/R injury. We demonstrate that O-GlcNAcylation is a crucial post-translational modification (PTM) of SIRT3 during SI/R, shedding light on a promising mechanism for future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingjie Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingjie Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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2
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Tashakori N, Kolour SSP, Ghafouri K, Ahmed SI, Kahrizi MS, Gerami R, Altafi M, Nazari A. Critical role of the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in radiotherapy (RT)-resistance of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer: Is there a way to defeat this resistance? Pathol Res Pract 2024; 258:155289. [PMID: 38703607 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a frequently used treatment for cervical cancer, effectively decreasing the likelihood of the disease returning in the same area and extending the lifespan of individuals with cervical cancer. Nevertheless, the primary reason for treatment failure in cancer patients is the cancer cells' resistance to radiation therapy (RT). Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a subset of RNA molecules that do not code for proteins and are longer than 200 nucleotides. They have a significant impact on the regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers biological processes. Recent research has shown that lncRNAs have a significant impact in controlling the responsiveness of GI cancer to radiation. This review provides a concise overview of the composition and operation of lncRNAs as well as the intricate molecular process behind radiosensitivity in GI cancer. Additionally, it compiles a comprehensive list of lncRNAs that are linked to radiosensitivity in such cancers. Furthermore, it delves into the potential practical implementation of these lncRNAs in modulating radiosensitivity in GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Tashakori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kimia Ghafouri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Ibrahem Ahmed
- Department of Anesthesia Techniques, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
| | | | - Reza Gerami
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mana Altafi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Shiraz Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Afsaneh Nazari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran.
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3
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Diehl FF, Sapp KM, Vander Heiden MG. The bidirectional relationship between metabolism and cell cycle control. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:136-149. [PMID: 37385879 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between metabolism and cell cycle progression is complex and bidirectional. Cells must rewire metabolism to meet changing biosynthetic demands across cell cycle phases. In turn, metabolism can influence cell cycle progression through direct regulation of cell cycle proteins, through nutrient-sensing signaling pathways, and through its impact on cell growth, which is linked to cell division. Furthermore, metabolism is a key player in mediating quiescence-proliferation transitions in physiologically important cell types, such as stem cells. How metabolism impacts cell cycle progression, exit, and re-entry, as well as how these processes impact metabolism, is not fully understood. Recent advances uncovering mechanistic links between cell cycle regulators and metabolic processes demonstrate a complex relationship between metabolism and cell cycle control, with many questions remaining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances F Diehl
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kiera M Sapp
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Chen JW, Shan TK, Wei TW, Jiang QQ, Du C, Gu LF, Yang TT, Zhou LH, Wang SB, Bao YL, Wang H, Ji Y, Xie LP, Gu AH, Sun CQ, Wang QM, Wang LS. SIRT3-dependent mitochondrial redox homeostasis mitigates CHK1 inhibition combined with gemcitabine treatment induced cardiotoxicity in hiPSC-CMs and mice. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:3209-3226. [PMID: 37798514 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Administration of CHK1-targeted anticancer therapies is associated with an increased cumulative risk of cardiac complications, which is further amplified when combined with gemcitabine. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we generated hiPSC-CMs and murine models to elucidate the mechanisms underlying CHK1 inhibition combined with gemcitabine-induced cardiotoxicity and identify potential targets for cardioprotection. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 25 mg/kg CHK1 inhibitor AZD7762 and 20 mg/kg gemcitabine for 3 weeks. hiPSC-CMs and NMCMs were incubated with 0.5 uM AZD7762 and 0.1 uM gemcitabine for 24 h. Both pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of CHK1 and administration of gemcitabine induced mtROS overproduction and pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes by disrupting mitochondrial respiration, ultimately causing heart atrophy and cardiac dysfunction in mice. These toxic effects were further exacerbated with combination administration. Using mitochondria-targeting sequence-directed vectors to overexpress CHK1 in cardiomyocyte (CM) mitochondria, we identified the localization of CHK1 in CM mitochondria and its crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial redox homeostasis for the first time. Mitochondrial CHK1 function loss mediated the cardiotoxicity induced by AZD7762 and CHK1-knockout. Mechanistically, mitochondrial CHK1 directly phosphorylates SIRT3 and promotes its expression within mitochondria. On the contrary, both AZD7762 or CHK1-knockout and gemcitabine decreased mitochondrial SIRT3 abundance, thus resulting in respiration dysfunction. Further hiPSC-CMs and mice experiments demonstrated that SIRT3 overexpression maintained mitochondrial function while alleviating CM pyroptosis, and thereby improving mice cardiac function. In summary, our results suggest that targeting SIRT3 could represent a novel therapeutic approach for clinical prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity induced by CHK1 inhibition and gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Kai Shan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Wen Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Qi Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Du
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Feng Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Tong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu-Hua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lin Bao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Hua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Qi Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi-Ming Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lian-Sheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Massacci G, Perfetto L, Sacco F. The Cyclin-dependent kinase 1: more than a cell cycle regulator. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1707-1716. [PMID: 37898722 PMCID: PMC10667339 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cyclin-dependent kinase 1, as a serine/threonine protein kinase, is more than a cell cycle regulator as it was originally identified. During the last decade, it has been shown to carry out versatile functions during the last decade. From cell cycle control to gene expression regulation and apoptosis, CDK1 is intimately involved in many cellular events that are vital for cell survival. Here, we provide a comprehensive catalogue of the CDK1 upstream regulators and substrates, describing how this kinase is implicated in the control of key 'cell cycle-unrelated' biological processes. Finally, we describe how deregulation of CDK1 expression and activation has been closely associated with cancer progression and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Massacci
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Perfetto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", University of Rome La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sacco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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6
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Kaushik H, Kumar V, Parsad D. Mitochondria-Melanocyte cellular interactions: An emerging mechanism of vitiligo pathogenesis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:2196-2207. [PMID: 36897230 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria has emerged as a potential modulator of melanocyte function other than just meeting its cellular ATP demands. Mitochondrial DNA defects are now an established cause of maternal inheritance diseases. Recent cellular studies have highlighted the mitochondrial interaction with other cellular organelles that lead to disease conditions such as in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, where defective mitochondria was found in melanocytes of these patients. Vitiligo, a depigmentory ailment of the skin, is another such disorder whose pathogenesis is now found to be associated with mitochondria. The complete absence of melanocytes at the lesioned site in vitiligo is a fact; however, the precise mechanism of this destruction is still undefined. In this review we have tried to discuss and link the emerging facts of mitochondrial function or its inter- and intra-organellar communications in vitiligo pathogenesis. Mitochondrial close association with melanosomes, molecular involvement in melanocyte-keratinocyte communication and melanocyte survival are new paradigm of melanogenesis that could ultimately account for vitiligo. This definitely adds the new dimensions to our understanding of vitiligo, its management and designing of future mitochondrial targeted therapy for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitaishi Kaushik
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Davinder Parsad
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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7
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Zhang H, Wang X, Ma Y, Zhang Q, Liu R, Luo H, Wang Z. Review of possible mechanisms of radiotherapy resistance in cervical cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1164985. [PMID: 37692844 PMCID: PMC10484717 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1164985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the main treatments for cervical cancer. Early cervical cancer is usually considered postoperative radiotherapy alone. Radiotherapy combined with cisplatin is the standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC), but sometimes the disease will relapse within a short time after the end of treatment. Tumor recurrence is usually related to the inherent radiation resistance of the tumor, mainly involving cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair, tumor microenvironment, tumor metabolism, and stem cells. In the past few decades, the mechanism of radiotherapy resistance of cervical cancer has been extensively studied, but due to its complex process, the specific mechanism of radiotherapy resistance of cervical cancer is still not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the current status of radiotherapy resistance in cervical cancer and the possible mechanisms of radiotherapy resistance, and provide favorable therapeutic targets for improving radiotherapy sensitivity. In conclusion, this article describes the importance of understanding the pathway and target of radioresistance for cervical cancer to promote the development of effective radiotherapy sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqun Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiuning Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruifeng Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Luo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
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8
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Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Houshyari M, Farhadi M. Mitochondrial metabolism: a predictive biomarker of radiotherapy efficacy and toxicity. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:6719-6741. [PMID: 36719474 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiotherapy is a mainstay of cancer treatment. Clinical studies revealed a heterogenous response to radiotherapy, from a complete response to even disease progression. To that end, finding the relative prognostic factors of disease outcomes and predictive factors of treatment efficacy and toxicity is essential. It has been demonstrated that radiation response depends on DNA damage response, cell cycle phase, oxygen concentration, and growth rate. Emerging evidence suggests that altered mitochondrial metabolism is associated with radioresistance. METHODS This article provides a comprehensive evaluation of the role of mitochondria in radiotherapy efficacy and toxicity. In addition, it demonstrates how mitochondria might be involved in the famous 6Rs of radiobiology. RESULTS In terms of this idea, decreasing the mitochondrial metabolism of cancer cells may increase radiation response, and enhancing the mitochondrial metabolism of normal cells may reduce radiation toxicity. Enhancing the normal cells (including immune cells) mitochondrial metabolism can potentially improve the tumor response by enhancing immune reactivation. Future studies are invited to examine the impacts of mitochondrial metabolism on radiation efficacy and toxicity. Improving radiotherapy response with diminishing cancer cells' mitochondrial metabolism, and reducing radiotherapy toxicity with enhancing normal cells' mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Clinical Oncology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Houshyari
- Clinical Oncology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gao T, Li M, Wu D, Xiao N, Huang D, Deng L, Yang L, Tian C, Cao Y, Zhang J, Gu J, Yu Y. Exploring the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma complicated with hepatocellular carcinoma via microarray data analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1201401. [PMID: 37383715 PMCID: PMC10293624 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1201401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the increasing number of research endeavors dedicated to investigating the relationship between colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the underlying pathogenic mechanism remains largely elusive. The aim of this study is to shed light on the molecular mechanism involved in the development of this comorbidity. Methods: The gene expression profiles of CRC (GSE90627) and HCC (GSE45267) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After identifying the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of psoriasis and atherosclerosis, three kinds of analyses were performed, namely, functional annotation, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module construction, and hub gene identification, survival analysis and co-expression analysis. Results: A total of 150 common downregulated differentially expressed genes and 148 upregulated differentially expressed genes were selected for subsequent analyses. The significance of chemokines and cytokines in the pathogenesis of these two ailments is underscored by functional analysis. Seven gene modules that were closely connected were identified. Moreover, the lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway is intricately linked to the development of both diseases. Finally, 10 important hub genes were identified using cytoHubba, including CDK1, KIF11, CDC20, CCNA2, TOP2A, CCNB1, NUSAP1, BUB1B, ASPM, and MAD2L1. Conclusion: Our study reveals the common pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. These common pathways and hub genes may provide new ideas for further mechanism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Gao
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengping Li
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dailin Wu
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ni Xiao
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Huang
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lunwei Yang
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Tian
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihong Gu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Wang Q, Bode AM, Zhang T. Targeting CDK1 in cancer: mechanisms and implications. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:58. [PMID: 37311884 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine kinases that are proposed as promising candidate targets for cancer treatment. These proteins complexed with cyclins play a critical role in cell cycle progression. Most CDKs demonstrate substantially higher expression in cancer tissues compared with normal tissues and, according to the TCGA database, correlate with survival rate in multiple cancer types. Deregulation of CDK1 has been shown to be closely associated with tumorigenesis. CDK1 activation plays a critical role in a wide range of cancer types; and CDK1 phosphorylation of its many substrates greatly influences their function in tumorigenesis. Enrichment of CDK1 interacting proteins with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was conducted to demonstrate that the associated proteins participate in multiple oncogenic pathways. This abundance of evidence clearly supports CDK1 as a promising target for cancer therapy. A number of small molecules targeting CDK1 or multiple CDKs have been developed and evaluated in preclinical studies. Notably, some of these small molecules have also been subjected to human clinical trials. This review evaluates the mechanisms and implications of targeting CDK1 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Wang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
| | - Tianshun Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
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11
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Wang M, Zhang J, Wu Y. Tumor metabolism rewiring in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:108. [PMID: 37277821 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains the first in malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. The characteristics of rapid proliferation, extensive implanted metastasis, and treatment resistance of cancer cells require an extensive metabolism rewiring during the progression of cancer development. EOC cells satisfy their rapid proliferation through the rewiring of perception, uptake, utilization, and regulation of glucose, lipids, and amino acids. Further, complete implanted metastasis by acquiring a superior advantage in microenvironment nutrients competing. Lastly, success evolves under the treatment stress of chemotherapy and targets therapy. Understanding the above metabolic characteristics of EOCs helps to find new methods of its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 17 Qihelou St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 17 Qihelou St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 17 Qihelou St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100006, China.
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12
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Mishra Y, Kumar Kaundal R. Role of SIRT3 in mitochondrial biology and its therapeutic implications in neurodegenerative disorders. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103583. [PMID: 37028501 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial deacetylase expressed preferentially in high-metabolic-demand tissues including the brain, requires NAD+ as a cofactor for catalytic activity. It regulates various processes such as energy homeostasis, redox balance, mitochondrial quality control, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), biogenesis, dynamics and mitophagy by altering protein acetylation status. Reduced SIRT3 expression or activity causes hyperacetylation of hundreds of mitochondrial proteins, which has been linked with neurological abnormalities, neuro-excitotoxicity and neuronal cell death. A body of evidence has suggested, SIRT3 activation as a potential therapeutic modality for age-related brain abnormalities and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP)-226002, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar Kaundal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (UP)-226002, India.
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Deficiency of Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 1 Engenders Radioresistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Deubiquitinating c-Myc. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 115:1244-1256. [PMID: 36423742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor radiation resistance is the main obstacle to effective radiation therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We identified the role of urea cycle key enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) in radioresistance of HCC and explored its mechanism, aiming to provide a novel radiosensitization strategy for the CPS1-deficiency HCC subtype. METHODS AND MATERIALS The expression of CPS1 was measured by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Cell growth assay, EdU assay, cell apoptosis assay, cell cycle assay, clone formation assay, and subcutaneous tumor assay were performed to explore the relationship between CPS1 and radioresistance of HCC cells. Lipid metabonomic analysis was used for investigating the effects of CPS1 on lipid synthesis of HCC cells. RNA sequencing and coimmunoprecipitation assay were carried out to reveal the mechanism of CPS1 participating in the regulation of HCC radiation therapy resistance. Furthermore, 10074-G5, the specific inhibitor of c-Myc, was administered to HCC cells to investigate the role of c-Myc in CPS1-deficiency HCC cells. RESULTS We found that urea cycle key enzyme CPS1 was frequently lower in human HCC samples and positively associated with the patient's prognosis. Functionally, the present study proved that CPS1 depletion could accelerate the development of HCC and induce radiation resistance of HCC in vitro and in vivo, and deficiency of CPS1 promoted the synthesis of some lipid molecules. Regarding the mechanism, we uncovered that inhibition of CPS1 upregulated CyclinA2 and CyclinD1 by stabilizing oncoprotein c-Myc at the posttranscriptional level and generated radioresistance of HCC cells. Moreover, inactivation of c-Myc using 10074-G5, a specific c-Myc inhibitor, could partially attenuate the proliferation and radioresistance induced by depletion of CPS1. CONCLUSIONS Our results recapitulated that silencing CPS1 could promote HCC progression and radioresistance via c-Myc stability mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, suggesting that targeting c-Myc in CPS1-deficiency HCC subtype may be a valuable radiosensitization strategy in the treatment of HCC.
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Hu Y, Zhang M, Liu B, Tang Y, Wang Z, Wang T, Zheng J, Zhang J. Honokiol prevents chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced astrocyte A1 polarization to alleviate neurotoxicity by targeting SIRT3-STAT3 axis. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 202:62-75. [PMID: 36997099 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) and Vascular Dementia (VaD) are two main types of dementias for which no specific treatment is available. Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (CCH) is a pathogenesis underlying AD and VaD that promotes neuroinflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Honokiol (HNK) is a natural compound isolated from magnolia leaves that can easily cross blood brain barrier and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In the present study, the effects of HNK on astrocyte polarization and neurological damage in in vivo and in vitro models of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion were explored. We found that HNK was able to inhibit the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3, A1 polarization, and reduce conditioned medium's neuronal toxicity of astrocyte under chronic hypoxia induced by cobalt chloride; STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor C188-9 was able to mimic the above effects of HNK, suggesting that HNK may inhibit chronic hypoxia-induced A1 polarization in astrocytes via STAT3. SIRT3 inhibitor 3-TYP reversed, while Sirt3 overexpression mimicked the inhibitory effects of HNK on oxidative stress, STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, A1 polarization and neuronal toxicity of astrocyte under chronic hypoxic conditions. For in vivo research, continuous intraperitoneal injection of HNK (1mg/kg) for 21 days ameliorated the decrease in SIRT3 activity and oxidative stress, inhibited astrocytic STAT3 nuclear translocation and A1 polarization, and prevented neuron and synaptic loss in the hippocampal of CCH rats. Besides, HNK application improved the spatial memory impairment of CCH rats, as assessed with Morris Water Maze. In conclusion, these results suggest that the phytochemical HNK can inhibit astrocyte A1 polarization via regulating SIRT3-STAT3 axis, thus improving CCH-induced neurological damage. These results highlight HNK as novel treatment for dementia with underlying vascular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 169, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 169, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bihan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 169, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 169, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 169, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, China
| | - Jiaxin Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 169, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Junjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 169, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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15
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Wu QJ, Zhang TN, Chen HH, Yu XF, Lv JL, Liu YY, Liu YS, Zheng G, Zhao JQ, Wei YF, Guo JY, Liu FH, Chang Q, Zhang YX, Liu CG, Zhao YH. The sirtuin family in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:402. [PMID: 36581622 PMCID: PMC9797940 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nicotine adenine dinucleotide(+)-dependent histone deacetylases regulating critical signaling pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and are involved in numerous biological processes. Currently, seven mammalian homologs of yeast Sir2 named SIRT1 to SIRT7 have been identified. Increasing evidence has suggested the vital roles of seven members of the SIRT family in health and disease conditions. Notably, this protein family plays a variety of important roles in cellular biology such as inflammation, metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, etc., thus, it is considered a potential therapeutic target for different kinds of pathologies including cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and other conditions. Moreover, identification of SIRT modulators and exploring the functions of these different modulators have prompted increased efforts to discover new small molecules, which can modify SIRT activity. Furthermore, several randomized controlled trials have indicated that different interventions might affect the expression of SIRT protein in human samples, and supplementation of SIRT modulators might have diverse impact on physiological function in different participants. In this review, we introduce the history and structure of the SIRT protein family, discuss the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of seven members of the SIRT protein family, elaborate on the regulatory roles of SIRTs in human disease, summarize SIRT inhibitors and activators, and review related clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Jun Wu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan-Huan Chen
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Fei Yu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Le Lv
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Yang Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Shu Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun-Qi Zhao
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wei
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Yi Guo
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Chang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Xiao Zhang
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cai-Gang Liu
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Cancer, Breast Cancer Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China ,grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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USP14 regulates cell cycle progression through deubiquitinating CDK1 in breast cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1610-1618. [PMID: 36604147 PMCID: PMC9827946 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation and cell cycle perturbation are the main hallmarks of breast cancer. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is one of the key kinases for cell transition from the G2 phase to M phase during the cell cycle progression. However, little is known about the degradation mechanisms of CDK1. USP14 (ubiquitin-specific processing protease 14) is an important proteasome-associated deubiquitinase that is critical for proteome homeostasis and plays a crucial role in the initiation and development of cancer. In this study, we find that USP14 shows high expression in breast cancer cells and results in the abnormal proliferation of cancer cells. Furthermore, we examine cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry and find that inhibition of USP14 causes cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. As CDK1 is the key kinase in G2/M phase, we detect the interaction between USP14 and CDK1 and the effect of USP14 on the deubiquitination of CDK1. The results reveal that USP14 interacts with CDK1 and stabilizes CDK1 by deubiquitinating K48-linked ubiquitination. In conclusion, our findings reveal an indispensable role of USP14 in regulating cell cycle progression by stabilizing CDK1 in breast cancer, suggesting that USP14 may be used as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer therapy.
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17
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Molecular docking and in vitro experiments verified that kaempferol induced apoptosis and inhibited human HepG2 cell proliferation by targeting BAX, CDK1, and JUN. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:767-780. [PMID: 36083512 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma, as a common liver cirrhosis complication, has become the sixth most common cancer worldwide, and its increasing incidence has resulted in considerable medical and economic burdens. As a natural polyphenolic compound, kaempferol has exhibits a wide range of antitumor activities against multiple cancer targets. In this study, the Autodock software was used for molecular docking to simulate the interaction process between kaempferol and HCC targets and the PyMOL software was used for visualization. Proliferation of kaempferol HepG2 cells under the effect of kaempferol was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and the apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells was detected using flow cytometry. The expressions of proteins BAX, CDK1, and JUN protein expressions were detected by Western blot. Molecular docking found that the kaempferol ligand has 3 rotatable bonds, 6 nonpolar hydrogen atoms, and 12 aromatic carbon atoms, and can form complexes with the kaempferol targets P53, BAX, AR, CDK1, and JUN through electrostatic energy. GO (Gene Ontology) enrichment analysis suggests that kaempferol regulates the biological function of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and is related to apoptosis. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay suggested that Kaempferol can significantly inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation, and the inhibition rate increased with the increase in drug concentration and incubation time. Moreover, kaempferol can promoted HepG2 cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. This compound upregulated BAX and JUN expression and downregulated CDK1 expression. Thus, Kaempferol can promote HepG2 cell apoptosis, and the regulatory mechanism may be related to the regulation of the expression levels of the apoptosis-related proteins BAX, CDK1, and JUN.
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18
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Zhang H, Fang C, Feng Z, Xia T, Lu L, Luo M, Chen Y, Liu Y, Li Y. The Role of LncRNAs in the Regulation of Radiotherapy Sensitivity in Cervical Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:896840. [PMID: 35692795 PMCID: PMC9178109 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.896840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the three majors gynecological malignancies, which seriously threatens women’s health and life. Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most common treatments for cervical cancer, which can reduce local recurrence and prolong survival in patients with cervical cancer. However, the resistance of cancer cells to Radiotherapy are the main cause of treatment failure in patients with cervical cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a group of non-protein-coding RNAs with a length of more than 200 nucleotides, which play an important role in regulating the biological behavior of cervical cancer. Recent studies have shown that LncRNAs play a key role in regulating the sensitivity of radiotherapy for cervical cancer. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of LncRNAs and the molecular mechanism of radiosensitivity in cervical cancer, list the LncRNAs associated with radiosensitivity in cervical cancer, analyze their potential mechanisms, and discuss the potential clinical application of these LncRNAs in regulating radiosensitivity in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Chunju Fang
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Feng
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Liang Lu
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuncong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuncong Liu, ; Yong Li,
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuncong Liu, ; Yong Li,
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19
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Liu J, Peng Y, Wei W. Cell cycle on the crossroad of tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:30-44. [PMID: 34304958 PMCID: PMC8688170 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aberrancy in cell cycle progression is one of the fundamental mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis, making regulators of the cell cycle machinery rational anticancer therapeutic targets. A growing body of evidence indicates that the cell cycle regulatory pathway integrates into other hallmarks of cancer, including metabolism remodeling and immune escape. Thus, therapies against cell cycle machinery components can not only repress the division of cancer cells, but also reverse cancer metabolism and restore cancer immune surveillance. Besides the ongoing effects on the development of small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) of the cell cycle machinery, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have recently been used to target these oncogenic proteins related to cell cycle progression. Here, we discuss the rationale of cell cycle targeting therapies, particularly PROTACs, to more efficiently retard tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yunhua Peng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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20
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Solanki K, Rajpoot S, Bezsonov EE, Orekhov AN, Saluja R, Wary A, Axen C, Wary K, Baig MS. The expanding roles of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1). PeerJ 2022; 10:e13651. [PMID: 35821897 PMCID: PMC9271274 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The nitric oxide synthases (NOS; EC 1.14.13.39) use L-arginine as a substrate to produce nitric oxide (NO) as a by-product in the tissue microenvironment. NOS1 represents the predominant NO-producing enzyme highly enriched in the brain and known to mediate multiple functions, ranging from learning and memory development to maintaining synaptic plasticity and neuronal development, Alzheimer's disease (AD), psychiatric disorders and behavioral deficits. However, accumulating evidence indicate both canonical and non-canonical roles of NOS1-derived NO in several other tissues and chronic diseases. A better understanding of NOS1-derived NO signaling, and identification and characterization of NO-metabolites in non-neuronal tissues could become useful in diagnosis and prognosis of diseases associated with NOS1 expression. Continued investigation on the roles of NOS1, therefore, will synthesize new knowledge and aid in the discovery of small molecules which could be used to titrate the activities of NOS1-derived NO signaling and NO-metabolites. Here, we address the significance of NOS1 and its byproduct NO in modifying pathophysiological events, which could be beneficial in understanding both the disease mechanisms and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Solanki
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, Indore, India
| | - Sajjan Rajpoot
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, Indore, India
| | - Evgeny E Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biology and General Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rohit Saluja
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anita Wary
- Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Cassondra Axen
- Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kishore Wary
- Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, Indore, India
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21
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Xu H, Liu YY, Li LS, Liu YS. Sirtuins at the Crossroads between Mitochondrial Quality Control and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Structure, Regulation, Modifications, and Modulators. Aging Dis 2022; 14:794-824. [PMID: 37191431 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7), a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent enzymes, are key regulators of life span and metabolism. In addition to acting as deacetylates, some sirtuins have the properties of deacylase, decrotonylase, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyltransferase, lipoamidase, desuccinylase, demalonylase, deglutarylase, and demyristolyase. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs early on and acts causally in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Sirtuins are implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial quality control, which is highly associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. There is growing evidence indicating that sirtuins are promising and well-documented molecular targets for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative disorders by regulating mitochondrial quality control, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics, and mitochondrial unfolded protein responses (mtUPR). Therefore, elucidation of the molecular etiology of sirtuin-mediated mitochondrial quality control points to new prospects for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying sirtuin-mediated mitochondrial quality control remain obscure. In this review, we update and summarize the current understanding of the structure, function, and regulation of sirtuins with an emphasis on the cumulative and putative effects of sirtuins on mitochondrial biology and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly their roles in mitochondrial quality control. In addition, we outline the potential therapeutic applications for neurodegenerative diseases of targeting sirtuin-mediated mitochondrial quality control through exercise training, calorie restriction, and sirtuin modulators in neurodegenerative diseases.
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22
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Carlos-Reyes A, Muñiz-Lino MA, Romero-Garcia S, López-Camarillo C, Hernández-de la Cruz ON. Biological Adaptations of Tumor Cells to Radiation Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:718636. [PMID: 34900673 PMCID: PMC8652287 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.718636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy has been used worldwide for many decades as a therapeutic regimen for the treatment of different types of cancer. Just over 50% of cancer patients are treated with radiotherapy alone or with other types of antitumor therapy. Radiation can induce different types of cell damage: directly, it can induce DNA single- and double-strand breaks; indirectly, it can induce the formation of free radicals, which can interact with different components of cells, including the genome, promoting structural alterations. During treatment, radiosensitive tumor cells decrease their rate of cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest stimulated by DNA damage. Then, DNA repair mechanisms are turned on to alleviate the damage, but cell death mechanisms are activated if damage persists and cannot be repaired. Interestingly, some cells can evade apoptosis because genome damage triggers the cellular overactivation of some DNA repair pathways. Additionally, some surviving cells exposed to radiation may have alterations in the expression of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, enhancing different hallmarks of cancer, such as migration, invasion, and metastasis. The activation of these genetic pathways and other epigenetic and structural cellular changes in the irradiated cells and extracellular factors, such as the tumor microenvironment, is crucial in developing tumor radioresistance. The tumor microenvironment is largely responsible for the poor efficacy of antitumor therapy, tumor relapse, and poor prognosis observed in some patients. In this review, we describe strategies that tumor cells use to respond to radiation stress, adapt, and proliferate after radiotherapy, promoting the appearance of tumor radioresistance. Also, we discuss the clinical impact of radioresistance in patient outcomes. Knowledge of such cellular strategies could help the development of new clinical interventions, increasing the radiosensitization of tumor cells, improving the effectiveness of these therapies, and increasing the survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Carlos-Reyes
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcos A. Muñiz-Lino
- Laboratorio de Patología y Medicina Bucal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Susana Romero-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico City
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Krysztofiak A, Szymonowicz K, Hlouschek J, Xiang K, Waterkamp C, Larafa S, Goetting I, Vega-Rubin-de-Celis S, Theiss C, Matschke V, Hoffmann D, Jendrossek V, Matschke J. Metabolism of cancer cells commonly responds to irradiation by a transient early mitochondrial shutdown. iScience 2021; 24:103366. [PMID: 34825138 PMCID: PMC8603201 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer bioenergetics fuel processes necessary to maintain viability and growth under stress conditions. We hypothesized that cancer metabolism supports the repair of radiation-induced DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs). We combined the systematic collection of metabolic and radiobiological data from a panel of irradiated cancer cell lines with mathematical modeling and identified a common metabolic response with impact on the DSB repair kinetics, including a mitochondrial shutdown followed by compensatory glycolysis and resumption of mitochondrial function. Combining ionizing radiation (IR) with inhibitors of the compensatory glycolysis or mitochondrial respiratory chain slowed mitochondrial recovery and DNA repair kinetics, offering an opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Mathematical modeling allowed us to generate new hypotheses on general and individual mechanisms of the radiation response with relevance to DNA repair and on metabolic vulnerabilities induced by cancer radiotherapy. These discoveries will guide future mechanistic studies for the discovery of metabolic targets for overcoming intrinsic or therapy-induced radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Krysztofiak
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Klaudia Szymonowicz
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Julian Hlouschek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Kexu Xiang
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Waterkamp
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Safa Larafa
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Isabell Goetting
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Silvia Vega-Rubin-de-Celis
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Johann Matschke
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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24
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Yamaguchi Y, Zampino M, Tanaka T, Bandinelli S, Moaddel R, Fantoni G, Candia J, Ferrucci L, Semba RD. The Plasma Proteome Fingerprint Associated with Circulating Carotenoids and Retinol in Older Adults. J Nutr 2021; 152:40-48. [PMID: 34550359 PMCID: PMC8754576 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although diets rich in carotenoids are associated with reduced risks of cardiovascular disease, age-related macular degeneration, disability, and other adverse aging outcomes, the underlying biological mechanisms are not fully elucidated. OBJECTIVES To characterize the plasma proteome fingerprint associated with circulating carotenoid and retinol concentrations in older adults. METHODS In 728 adults ≥65 y participating in the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) Study, plasma α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene were measured using HPLC. The SOMAscan assay was used to measure 1301 plasma proteins. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the relationship of individual carotenoids and retinol with plasma proteins. A false discovery rate approach was used to deal with multiple comparisons using a q-value < 0.05. RESULTS Plasma β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and lycopene were associated with 85, 39, 4, 2, and 5 plasma proteins, respectively, in multivariable linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders (q < 0.05). No proteins were associated with α-carotene or retinol. Two or more carotenoids were positively associated with ferritin, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), hepcidin, thrombospondin-2, and choline/ethanolamine kinase. The proteins associated with circulating carotenoids were related to energy metabolism, sirtuin signaling, inflammation and oxidative stress, iron metabolism, proteostasis, innate immunity, and longevity. CONCLUSIONS The plasma proteomic fingerprint associated with elevated circulating carotenoids in older adults provides insight into the mechanisms underlying the protective role of carotenoids on health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Zampino
- National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ruin Moaddel
- National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Giovanna Fantoni
- National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julián Candia
- National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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25
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Thielhelm TP, Goncalves S, Welford SM, Mellon EA, Cohen ER, Nourbakhsh A, Fernandez-Valle C, Telischi F, Ivan ME, Dinh CT. Understanding the Radiobiology of Vestibular Schwannomas to Overcome Radiation Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4575. [PMID: 34572805 PMCID: PMC8467596 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are benign tumors arising from cranial nerve VIII that account for 8-10% of all intracranial tumors and are the most common tumors of the cerebellopontine angle. These tumors are typically managed with observation, radiation therapy, or microsurgical resection. Of the VS that are irradiated, there is a subset of tumors that are radioresistant and continue to grow; the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not fully understood. In this review, the authors summarize how radiation causes cellular and DNA injury that can activate (1) checkpoints in the cell cycle to initiate cell cycle arrest and DNA repair and (2) key events that lead to cell death. In addition, we discuss the current knowledge of VS radiobiology and how it may contribute to clinical outcomes. A better understanding of VS radiobiology can help optimize existing treatment protocols and lead to new therapies to overcome radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torin P Thielhelm
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Stefania Goncalves
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Scott M Welford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Eric A Mellon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Erin R Cohen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Aida Nourbakhsh
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Cristina Fernandez-Valle
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Fred Telischi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Michael E Ivan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Christine T Dinh
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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26
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McCann C, Kerr EM. Metabolic Reprogramming: A Friend or Foe to Cancer Therapy? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3351. [PMID: 34283054 PMCID: PMC8267696 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major cause of cancer treatment failure, effectively driven by processes that promote escape from therapy-induced cell death. The mechanisms driving evasion of apoptosis have been widely studied across multiple cancer types, and have facilitated new and exciting therapeutic discoveries with the potential to improve cancer patient care. However, an increasing understanding of the crosstalk between cancer hallmarks has highlighted the complexity of the mechanisms of drug resistance, co-opting pathways outside of the canonical "cell death" machinery to facilitate cell survival in the face of cytotoxic stress. Rewiring of cellular metabolism is vital to drive and support increased proliferative demands in cancer cells, and recent discoveries in the field of cancer metabolism have uncovered a novel role for these programs in facilitating drug resistance. As a key organelle in both metabolic and apoptotic homeostasis, the mitochondria are at the forefront of these mechanisms of resistance, coordinating crosstalk in the event of cellular stress, and promoting cellular survival. Importantly, the appreciation of this role metabolism plays in the cytotoxic response to therapy, and the ability to profile metabolic adaptions in response to treatment, has encouraged new avenues of investigation into the potential of exploiting metabolic addictions to improve therapeutic efficacy and overcome drug resistance in cancer. Here, we review the role cancer metabolism can play in mediating drug resistance, and the exciting opportunities presented by imposed metabolic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma M. Kerr
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, BT9 7AE Belfast, Ireland;
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27
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lncRNA SNHG4 modulates colorectal cancer cell cycle and cell proliferation through regulating miR-590-3p/CDK1 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9838-9858. [PMID: 33744866 PMCID: PMC8064176 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide. The development of genome sequencing technology has allowed the discovery that epigenetic regulation might play a critical role in CRC tumorigenesis. In the present study, we found that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG4 was dramatically increased in CRC tissue samples and cell lines based on both publicly available and experimental data. SNHG4 knockdown suppressed the viability and colony formation capacity of CRC cells. The expression of CDK1 was considerably increased in CRC tissue samples and cells and had a positive correlation with the expression of SNHG4 in CRC. SNHG4 silencing not only caused S phase cell cycle arrest but also significantly downregulated the CDK1, cyclin B1, and cyclin A2 protein levels in CRC cells. miR-590-3p simultaneously bound to SNHG4 and CDK1. miR-590-3p functioned to inhibit CDK1 expression. miR-590-3p overexpression exerted the same effects on the CRC cell phenotype as SNHG4 knockdown. The effects of si-SNHG4 on CRC cells were significantly reversed by anti-miR-590-3p, indicating that SNHG4 relieved the miR-590-3p-induced inhibition of CDK1 by acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). In vivo, SNHG4 silencing inhibited subcutaneously transplanted tumor growth and decreased cell cycle marker levels, whereas miR-590-3p inhibition exerted the opposite effects. The in vivo effects of SNHG4 silencing were also reversed by miR-590-3p inhibition. The SNHG4/miR-590-3p/CDK1 axis influences the cell cycle to modulate CRC cell proliferation and subcutaneously transplanted tumor growth. Further application of this axis still requires analysis using more animal models and clinical investigations.
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28
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Riess C, Koczan D, Schneider B, Linke C, Del Moral K, Classen CF, Maletzki C. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors exert distinct effects on patient-derived 2D and 3D glioblastoma cell culture models. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:54. [PMID: 33723248 PMCID: PMC7961149 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic approaches have met limited clinical success for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Since GBM harbors genomic alterations in cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), targeting these structures with specific inhibitors (CDKis) is promising. Here, we describe the antitumoral potential of selective CDKi on low-passage GBM 2D- and 3D models, cultured as neurospheres (NSCs) or glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). By applying selective CDK4/6i abemaciclib and palbociclib, and the more global CDK1/2/5/9-i dinaciclib, different effects were seen. Abemaciclib and dinaciclib significantly affected viability in 2D- and 3D models with clearly visible changes in morphology. Palbociclib had weaker and cell line-specific effects. Motility and invasion were highly affected. Abemaciclib and dinaciclib additionally induced senescence. Also, mitochondrial dysfunction and generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were seen. While autophagy was predominantly visible after abemaciclib treatment, dinaciclib evoked γ-H2AX-positive double-strand breaks that were boosted by radiation. Notably, dual administration of dinaciclib and abemaciclib yielded synergistic effects in most cases, but the simultaneous combination with standard chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ) was antagonistic. RNA-based microarray analysis showed that gene expression was significantly altered by dinaciclib: genes involved in cell-cycle regulation (different CDKs and their cyclins, SMC3), mitosis (PLK1, TTK), transcription regulation (IRX3, MEN1), cell migration/division (BCAR1), and E3 ubiquitination ligases (RBBP6, FBXO32) were downregulated, whereas upregulation was seen in genes mediating chemotaxis (CXCL8, IL6, CCL2), and DNA-damage or stress (EGR1, ARC, GADD45A/B). In a long-term experiment, resistance development was seen in 1/5 cases treated with dinaciclib, but this could be prevented by abemaciclib. Vice versa, adding TMZ abrogated therapeutic effects of dinaciclib and growth was comparable to controls. With this comprehensive analysis, we confirm the therapeutic activity of selective CDKi in GBM. In addition to the careful selection of individual drugs, the timing of each combination partner needs to be considered to prevent resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Riess
- University Children's Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Medicine Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Core Facility for Microarray Analysis, Institute for Immunology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Björn Schneider
- Institute of Pathology, Strempelstraße 14, 18055 Rostock, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Charlotte Linke
- University Children's Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina Del Moral
- University Children's Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Carl Friedrich Classen
- University Children's Hospital, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Maletzki
- Department of Medicine Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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29
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Linking Serine/Glycine Metabolism to Radiotherapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061191. [PMID: 33801846 PMCID: PMC8002185 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hyperactivation of the de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis across different cancer types and its critical contribution in tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance indicate the relevance of serine/glycine metabolism-targeted therapies as therapeutic intervention in cancer. In this review, we specifically focus on the contribution of the de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway to radioresistance. We provide a future perspective on how de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis inhibition and serine-free diets may improve the outcome of radiotherapy. Future research in this field is needed to better understand serine/glycine metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells in response to radiation and the influence of this pathway in the tumor microenvironment, which may provide the rationale for the optimal combination therapies. Abstract The activation of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis in a subset of tumors has been described as a major contributor to tumor pathogenesis, poor outcome, and treatment resistance. Amplifications and mutations of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis enzymes can trigger pathway activation; however, a large group of cancers displays serine/glycine pathway overexpression induced by oncogenic drivers and unknown regulatory mechanisms. A better understanding of the regulatory network of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis activation in cancer might be essential to unveil opportunities to target tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance. In the current review, we describe how the activation of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis in cancer is linked to treatment resistance and its implications in the clinic. To our knowledge, only a few studies have identified this pathway as metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells in response to radiation therapy. We propose an important contribution of de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway activation to radioresistance by being involved in cancer cell viability and proliferation, maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and redox homeostasis under hypoxia and nutrient-deprived conditions. Current approaches for inhibition of the de novo serine/glycine biosynthesis pathway provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention, which in combination with radiotherapy might be a promising strategy for tumor control and ultimately eradication. Further research is needed to gain molecular and mechanistic insight into the activation of this pathway in response to radiation therapy and to design sophisticated stratification methods to select patients that might benefit from serine/glycine metabolism-targeted therapies in combination with radiotherapy.
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30
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Liu HM, Tan HY, Lin Y, Xu BN, Zhao WH, Xie YA. MicroRNA-1271-5p inhibits cell proliferation and enhances radiosensitivity by targeting CDK1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Biochem 2021; 167:513-524. [PMID: 32275316 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine whether miR-1271-5p inhibits cell proliferation and enhances the radiosensitivity by targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its expression levels in the HCC cell lines were significantly lower than those in normal human liver cell line. Bioinformatics analysis indicated CDK1 was a potential target of miR-1271-5p. Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay confirmed that CDK1 is a direct target gene of miR-1271-5p. With overexpression of miR-1271-5p in SMMC-7721 and HuH-7 cells, cell proliferation was decreased, radiosensitivity was enhanced, cell cycle distribution was altered and the growth of transplanted tumours in nude mice was significantly reduced. miR-1271-5p overexpression enhanced radiosensitivity, which could be reduced by CDK1 overexpression. Overall, our findings suggested that miR-1271-5p inhibits cell proliferation and enhances the radiosensitivity of HCC cell lines by targeting CDK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Liu
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Yan Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yue Lin
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Bei-Ning Xu
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhao
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yu-An Xie
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,The Maternal & Health Hospital, The Children's Hospital, The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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31
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Yang M, Hu C, Cao Y, Liang W, Yang X, Xiao T. Ursolic Acid Regulates Cell Cycle and Proliferation in Colon Adenocarcinoma by Suppressing Cyclin B1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:622212. [PMID: 33628185 PMCID: PMC7898669 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.622212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: The biological functions of cyclin B1 (CCNB1) in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) will be explored in this study. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects and potential molecular mechanisms of ursolic acid (UA) in COAD cells will also be investigated in vitro. Methods: COAD data were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined with differential analysis. The biological functions of CCNB1 were analyzed through the GeneCards, the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), and the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) databases. Therapeutic effects of UA on COAD cell lines HCT-116 and SW-480 were analyzed by CCK-8 and high-content screening (HCS) imaging assay. Flow cytometry was utilized to detect cell cycle changes of SW-480 and HCT-116 cells. Levels of mRNA and expression proteins of HCT-116, SW-480, and normal colon epithelial cells NCM-460 were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot. Results: CCNB1 was highly expressed and acted as an oncogene in COAD patients. CCNB1 and its interacting genes were significantly enriched in the cell cycle pathway. UA effectively inhibited the proliferation and injured COAD cells. In addition, UA arrested cell cycle of COAD cells in S phase. With regard to the molecular mechanisms of UA, we demonstrated that UA can significantly downregulate CCNB1 and its interacting genes and proteins, including CDK1, CDC20, CCND1, and CCNA2, which contributed to cell cycle blocking and COAD treatment. Conclusion: Results from this study revealed that UA possesses therapeutic effects on COAD. The anti-COAD activities of UA are tightly related to suppression of CCNB1 and its interacting targets, which is crucial in abnormal cell cycle process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Yang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Changxiao Hu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yibo Cao
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.,Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Chengdu Anorectal Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanling Liang
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Chengdu Anorectal Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianbao Xiao
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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32
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Zhang M, Hu Y, Zhang J, Zhang J. FTY720 Prevents Spatial Memory Impairment in a Rat Model of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion via a SIRT3-Independent Pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:593364. [PMID: 33519419 PMCID: PMC7845736 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.593364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the most prevalent types of late-life dementia. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) contributes to both AD and VD. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that fingolimod (FTY720) is neuroprotective in acute cerebral ischemic stroke animal models, and the drug is now being used in clinical translation studies. However, fewer studies have addressed the role of FTY720 in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-related brain damage. In the present study, to investigate whether FTY720 can improve CCH-induced spatial memory loss and its underlying mechanism, two-vessel occlusion (2VO) rats were administered intraperitoneal FTY720 (1 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive weeks from post-operative day 8. Spatial memory was tested using the Morris Water Maze (MWM), and the rats' brains were harvested to allow molecular, biochemical, and pathological tests. We found that FTY720 treatment significantly reduced the escape latency and increased the target quadrant swimming time of the 2VO rats in the MWM task. The improvement in memory performance paralleled lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Iba-1 positive cells in the hippocampus of the 2VO rats, indicating that FTY720 had a beneficial effect in mitigating neuroinflammation. Furthermore, we found that FTY720 alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction in 2VO rats, as manifested by lower malondialdehyde levels, higher ATP content, and upregulation of ATP synthase activity in the hippocampus after treatment. FTY720 had no effect on the CCH-induced decrease in the activity of hippocampal Sirtuin-3, a master regulator of mitochondrial function and neuroinflammation. In summary, the results showed that FTY720 can improve CCH-induced spatial memory loss. The mechanism may involve Sirtuin-3-independent regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. The present study provides new clues to the pathological mechanism of CCH-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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33
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McCann E, O'Sullivan J, Marcone S. Targeting cancer-cell mitochondria and metabolism to improve radiotherapy response. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:100905. [PMID: 33069104 PMCID: PMC7562988 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a regimen that uses ionising radiation (IR) to treat cancer. Despite the availability of several therapeutic options, cancer remains difficult to treat and only a minor percentage of patients receiving radiotherapy show a complete response to the treatment due to development of resistance to IR (radioresistance). Therefore, radioresistance is a major clinical problem and is defined as an adaptive response of the tumour to radiation-induced damage by altering several cellular processes which sustain tumour growth including DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, alterations of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, autophagy, tumour metabolism and altered reactive oxygen species. Cellular organelles, in particular mitochondria, are key players in mediating the radiation response in tumour, as they regulate many of the cellular processes involved in radioresistance. In this article has been reviewed the recent findings describing the cellular and molecular mechanism by which cancer rewires the function of the mitochondria and cellular metabolism to enhance radioresistance, and the role that drugs targeting cellular bioenergetics have in enhancing radiation response in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma McCann
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; M.Sc. in Translational Oncology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simone Marcone
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Oleanolic Acid Decreases IL-1 β-Induced Activation of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes via the SIRT3-NF- κB Axis in Osteoarthritis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7517219. [PMID: 33062145 PMCID: PMC7542488 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7517219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synovial inflammation is a major pathological feature of osteoarthritis (OA), which is a chronic degenerative joint disease. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), localized in the synovial membrane, are specialized secretory cells. During OA synovitis, FLS produce chemokines and cytokines that stimulate chondrocytes to secrete inflammatory cytokines and activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in FLS. Recent studies have demonstrated that sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) performs as a key regulator in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis in OA. This study aims at ascertaining whether SIRT3 is involved in OA synovitis. The overexpression (OE) and knockdown (KD) of SIRT3 are established by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and recombinant plasmid in human FLS. The anti-inflammatory effect of SIRT3 underlying in oleanolic acid- (OLA-) prevented interleukin-1β- (IL-1β-) induced FLS dysfunction is then evaluated in vitro. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms of SIRT3 are assessed, and the interaction between SIRT3 and NF-κB is investigated. The data suggested that SIRT3 can be detected in human synovial tissues during OA, and OLA could elevate SIRT3 expression. OE-SIRT3 and OLA exhibited equal authenticity to repress inflammation and reverse oxidative stress changes in IL-1β-induced human FLS dysfunction. KD-SIRT3 was found to exacerbate inflammation and oxidative stress changes in human FLS. Furthermore, it was found that SIRT3 could directly bind with NF-κB, resulting in the suppression of NF-κB activation induced by IL-1β in human FLS, which then repressed synovial inflammation in OA. In general, the activation of SIRT3 by OLA inhibited synovial inflammation by suppressing the NF-κB signal pathway in FLS, and this suggested that SIRT3 is a potential target for OA synovitis therapy.
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Xu H, Gan C, Gao Z, Huang Y, Wu S, Zhang D, Wang X, Sheng J. Caffeine Targets SIRT3 to Enhance SOD2 Activity in Mitochondria. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:822. [PMID: 33015038 PMCID: PMC7493682 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is chemically stable and not readily oxidized under normal physiological conditions but also has antioxidant effects, although the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) 2 is a manganese-containing enzyme located in mitochondria that protects cells against oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). SOD2 activity is inhibited through acetylation under conditions of stress such as exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is the major mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase, which deacetylates two critical lysine residues (lysine 68 and lysine 122) on SOD2 and promotes its antioxidative activity. In this study, we investigated whether the antioxidant effect of caffeine involves modulation of SOD2 by SIRT3 using in vitro and in vivo models. The results show that caffeine interacts with SIRT3 and promotes direct binding of SIRT3 with its substrate, thereby enhancing its enzymatic activity. Mechanistically, caffeine bound to SIRT3 with high affinity (KD = 6.858 × 10–7 M); the binding affinity between SIRT3 and its substrate acetylated p53 was also 9.03 (without NAD+) or 6.87 (with NAD+) times higher in the presence of caffeine. Caffeine effectively protected skin cells from UV irradiation-induced oxidative stress. More importantly, caffeine enhanced SIRT3 activity and reduced SOD2 acetylation, thereby leading to increased SOD2 activity, which could be reversed by treatment with the SIRT3 inhibitor 3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) pyridine (3-TYP) in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results show that caffeine targets SIRT3 to enhance SOD2 activity and protect skin cells from UV irradiation-induced oxidative stress. Thus, caffeine, as a small-molecule SIRT3 activator, could be a potential agent to protect human skin against UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunxia Gan
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ziqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yewei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Simin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Dongying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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36
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Bergmann L, Lang A, Bross C, Altinoluk-Hambüchen S, Fey I, Overbeck N, Stefanski A, Wiek C, Kefalas A, Verhülsdonk P, Mielke C, Sohn D, Stühler K, Hanenberg H, Jänicke RU, Scheller J, Reichert AS, Ahmadian MR, Piekorz RP. Subcellular Localization and Mitotic Interactome Analyses Identify SIRT4 as a Centrosomally Localized and Microtubule Associated Protein. Cells 2020; 9:E1950. [PMID: 32846968 PMCID: PMC7564595 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The stress-inducible and senescence-associated tumor suppressor SIRT4, a member of the family of mitochondrial sirtuins (SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5), regulates bioenergetics and metabolism via NAD+-dependent enzymatic activities. Next to the known mitochondrial location, we found that a fraction of endogenous or ectopically expressed SIRT4, but not SIRT3, is present in the cytosol and predominantly localizes to centrosomes. Confocal spinning disk microscopy revealed that SIRT4 is found during the cell cycle dynamically at centrosomes with an intensity peak in G2 and early mitosis. Moreover, SIRT4 precipitates with microtubules and interacts with structural (α,β-tubulin, γ-tubulin, TUBGCP2, TUBGCP3) and regulatory (HDAC6) microtubule components as detected by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometric analyses of the mitotic SIRT4 interactome. Overexpression of SIRT4 resulted in a pronounced decrease of acetylated α-tubulin (K40) associated with altered microtubule dynamics in mitotic cells. SIRT4 or the N-terminally truncated variant SIRT4(ΔN28), which is unable to translocate into mitochondria, delayed mitotic progression and reduced cell proliferation. This study extends the functional roles of SIRT4 beyond mitochondrial metabolism and provides the first evidence that SIRT4 acts as a novel centrosomal/microtubule-associated protein in the regulation of cell cycle progression. Thus, stress-induced SIRT4 may exert its role as tumor suppressor through mitochondrial as well as extramitochondrial functions, the latter associated with its localization at the mitotic spindle apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bergmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Lang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Bross
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simone Altinoluk-Hambüchen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Iris Fey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina Overbeck
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Stefanski
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Constanze Wiek
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Kefalas
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Verhülsdonk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Mielke
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dennis Sohn
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45112 Essen, Germany
| | - Reiner U Jänicke
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland P Piekorz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Orouei S, Saberifar S, Salami S, Hushmandi K, Najafi M. Recent advances and future directions in anti-tumor activity of cryptotanshinone: A mechanistic review. Phytother Res 2020; 35:155-179. [PMID: 33507609 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In respect to the enhanced incidence rate of cancer worldwide, studies have focused on cancer therapy using novel strategies. Chemotherapy is a common strategy in cancer therapy, but its adverse effects and chemoresistance have limited its efficacy. So, attempts have been directed towards minimally invasive cancer therapy using plant derived-natural compounds. Cryptotanshinone (CT) is a component of salvia miltiorrihiza Bunge, well-known as Danshen and has a variety of therapeutic and biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and neuroprotective. Recently, studies have focused on anti-tumor activity of CT against different cancers. Notably, this herbal compound is efficient in cancer therapy by targeting various molecular signaling pathways. In the present review, we mechanistically describe the anti-tumor activity of CT with an emphasis on molecular signaling pathways. Then, we evaluate the potential of CT in cancer immunotherapy and enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy by sensitizing cancer cells into anti-tumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents, and elevating accumulation of anti-tumor drugs in cancer cells. Finally, we mention strategies to enhance the anti-tumor activity of CT, for instance, using nanoparticles to provide targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sima Orouei
- MSc. Student, Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Saberifar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Salami
- DVM. Graduated, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazeroon, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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38
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Regulation of histone deacetylase activities and functions by phosphorylation and its physiological relevance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:427-445. [PMID: 32683534 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are conserved enzymes that regulate many cellular processes by catalyzing the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues on histones and non-histone proteins. As appropriate for proteins that occupy such an essential biological role, HDAC activities and functions are in turn highly regulated. Overwhelming evidence suggests that the dysregulation of HDACs plays a major role in many human diseases. The regulation of HDACs is achieved by multiple different mechanisms, including posttranslational modifications. One of the most common posttranslational modifications on HDACs is reversible phosphorylation. Many HDAC phosphorylations are context-dependent, occurring in specific tissues or as a consequence of certain stimuli. Additionally, whereas phosphorylation can regulate some HDACs in a non-specific manner, many HDAC phosphorylations result in specific consequences. Although some of these modifications support normal HDAC function, aberrations can contribute to disease development. Here we review and critically evaluate how reversible phosphorylation activates or deactivates HDACs and, thereby, regulates their many functions under various cellular and physiological contexts.
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39
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Huang J, Li JJ. Multiple Dynamics in Tumor Microenvironment Under Radiotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1263:175-202. [PMID: 32588328 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44518-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an evolutionally low-level and embryonically featured tissue comprising heterogenic populations of malignant and stromal cells as well as noncellular components. Under radiotherapy (RT), the major modality for the treatment of malignant diseases [1], TME shows an adaptive response in multiple aspects that affect the efficacy of RT. With the potential clinical benefits, interests in RT combined with immunotherapy (IT) are intensified with a large scale of clinical trials underway for an array of cancer types. A better understanding of the multiple molecular aspects, especially the cross talks of RT-mediated energy reprogramming and immunoregulation in the irradiated TME (ITME), will be necessary for further enhancing the benefit of RT-IT modality. Coming studies should further reveal more mechanistic insights of radiation-induced instant or permanent consequence in tumor and stromal cells. Results from these studies will help to identify critical molecular pathways including cancer stem cell repopulation, metabolic rewiring, and specific communication between radioresistant cancer cells and the infiltrated immune active lymphocytes. In this chapter, we will focus on the following aspects: radiation-repopulated cancer stem cells (CSCs), hypoxia and re-oxygenation, reprogramming metabolism, and radiation-induced immune regulation, in which we summarize the current literature to illustrate an integrated image of the ITME. We hope that the contents in this chapter will be informative for physicians and translational researchers in cancer radiotherapy or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jian Jian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. .,NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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40
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Luo J, Li H, Liu Z, Li C, Wang R, Fang J, Lu S, Guo J, Zhu X, Wang X. Integrative analyses of gene expression profile reveal potential crucial roles of mitotic cell cycle and microtubule cytoskeleton in pulmonary artery hypertension. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:86. [PMID: 32586319 PMCID: PMC7318763 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening condition. The aim of this study was to explore potential crucial genes and pathways associated with PAH based on integrative analyses of gene expression and to shed light on the identification of biomarker for PAH. METHODS Gene expression profile of pulmonary tissues from 27 PAH patients and 22 normal controls were downloaded from public database (GSE53408 and GSE113439). After the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), hub pathways and genes were identified based on the comprehensive evaluation of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, modular analysis and cytohubba's analysis, and further validated in another PAH transcriptomic dataset (GSE33463). Potentially associated micro-RNAs (miRNAs) were also predicted. RESULTS A total of 521 DEGs were found between PAH and normal controls, including 432 up-regulated DEGs and 89 down-regulated DEGs. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in mitotic cell cycle process, mitotic cell cycle and microtubule cytoskeleton organization. Moreover, five key genes (CDK1, SMC2, SMC4, KIF23, and CENPE) were identified and then further validated in another transcriptomic dataset associated with special phenotypes of PAH. Furthermore, these hub genes were mainly enriched in promoting mitotic cell cycle process, which may be closely associated with the pathogenesis of PAH. We also found that the predicted miRNAs targeting these hub genes were found to be enriched in TGF-β and Hippo signaling pathway. CONCLUSION These findings are expected to gain a further insight into the development of PAH and provide a promising index for the detection of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Liu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenlu Li
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Ruochen Wang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinxia Fang
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Saisai Lu
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of psychologic medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhu
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Shrishrimal S, Chatterjee A, Kosmacek EA, Davis PJ, McDonald JT, Oberley-Deegan RE. Manganese porphyrin, MnTE-2-PyP, treatment protects the prostate from radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) by activating the NRF2 signaling pathway and enhancing SOD2 and sirtuin activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:255-270. [PMID: 32222469 PMCID: PMC7276298 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a frequently used treatment for prostate cancer patients. Manganese (III) meso-tetrakis (N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl) porphyrin (MnTE-2-PyP or T2E or BMX-010) and other similar manganese porphyrin compounds that scavenge superoxide molecules have been demonstrated to be effective radioprotectors and prevent the development of radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF). However, understanding the molecular pathway changes associated with these compounds remains limited for radioprotection. Recent RNA-sequencing data from our laboratory revealed that MnTE-2-PyP treatment activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling pathway. Therefore, we hypothesize that MnTE-2-PyP protects the prostate from RIF by activating the NRF2 signaling pathway. We identified that MnTE-2-PyP is a post-translational activator of NRF2 signaling in prostate fibroblast cells, which plays a major role in fibroblast activation and myofibroblast differentiation. The mechanism of NRF2 activation involves an increase in hydrogen peroxide and a corresponding decrease in kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) levels. Activation of NRF2 signaling leads to an increase in expression of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, sirtuin activity (nuclear and mitochondrial), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression/activity. Increase in mitochondrial sirtuin activity correlates with a decrease in SOD2 (K122) acetylation. This decrease in SOD2 K122 acetylation correlates with an increase in SOD2 activity and mitochondrial superoxide scavenging capacity. Further, in human primary prostate fibroblast cells, the NRF2 pathway plays a major role in the fibroblast to myofibroblast transformation, which is responsible for the fibrotic phenotype. In the context of radiation protection, MnTE-2-PyP fails to prevent fibroblast to myofibroblast transformation in the absence of NRF2 signaling. Collectively, our results indicate that the activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway by MnTE-2-PyP is at least a partial mechanism of radioprotection in prostate fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Shrishrimal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Arpita Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kosmacek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | | | - J Tyson McDonald
- Department of Physics, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, 23668, USA
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Clementino M, Kim D, Zhang Z. Constitutive Activation of NAD-Dependent Sirtuin 3 Plays an Important Role in Tumorigenesis of Chromium(VI)-Transformed Cells. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:224-234. [PMID: 30715550 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure of human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] causes malignant cell transformation. Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) regulates mitochondrial adaptive response to stress, such as metabolic reprogramming and antioxidant defense mechanisms. In Cr(VI)-transformed cells, SIRT3 was upregulated and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and proton leak were reduced. Knockdown of SIRT3 by its shRNA further decreased mitochondrial ATP production, proton leak, mitochondrial mass, and mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating that SIRT3 positively regulates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and maintenance of mitochondrial integrity. Mitophagy is critical to maintain proper cellular functions. In Cr(VI)-transformed cells expressions of Pink 1 and Parkin, two mitophagy proteins, were elevated, and mitophagy remained similar as that in passage-matched normal BEAS-2B cells, indicating that in -Cr(VI)-transformed cells mitophagy is suppressed. Knockdown of SIRT3 induced mitophagy, suggesting that SIRT3 plays an important role in mitophagy suppression of Cr(VI)-transformed cells. In Cr(VI)-transformed cells, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) was constitutively activated, and protein levels of p62 and p-p62Ser349 were elevated. Knockdown of SIRT3 or treatment with carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) decreased the binding of p-p62Ser349 to Keap1, resulting in increased binding of Keap1 to Nrf2 and consequently reduced Nrf2 activation. The results from CHIP assay showed that in Cr(VI)-transformed cells binding of Nrf2 to antioxidant response element (ARE) of SIRT3 gene promoter was dramatically increased. Knockdown of SIRT3 suppressed cell proliferation and tumorigenesis of Cr(VI)-transformed cells. Overexpression of SIRT3 in normal BEAS-2B cells exhibited mitophagy suppression phenotype and increased cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. The present study demonstrated that upregulation of SIRT3 causes mitophagy suppression and plays an important role in cell survival and tumorigenesis of Cr(VI)-transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Clementino
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Donghern Kim
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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Cell repopulation, rewiring metabolism, and immune regulation in cancer radiotherapy. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Matsui A, Kobayashi J, Kanno SI, Hashiguchi K, Miyaji M, Yoshikawa Y, Yasui A, Zhang-Akiyama QM. Oxidation resistance 1 prevents genome instability through maintenance of G2/M arrest in gamma-ray-irradiated cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2020; 61:1-13. [PMID: 31845986 PMCID: PMC6976731 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human oxidation resistance 1 (OXR1) was identified as a protein that decreases genomic mutations in Escherichia coli caused by oxidative DNA damage. However, the mechanism by which OXR1 defends against genome instability has not been elucidated. To clarify how OXR1 maintains genome stability, the effects of OXR1-depletion on genome stability were investigated in OXR1-depleted HeLa cells using gamma-rays (γ-rays). The OXR1-depleted cells had higher levels of superoxide and micronucleus (MN) formation than control cells after irradiation. OXR1-overexpression alleviated the increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and MN formation after irradiation. The increased MN formation in irradiated OXR1-depleted cells was partially attenuated by the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine, suggesting that OXR1-depeletion increases ROS-dependent genome instability. We also found that OXR1-depletion shortened the duration of γ-ray-induced G2/M arrest. In the presence of the cell cycle checkpoint inhibitor caffeine, the level of MN formed after irradiation was similar between control and OXR1-depleted cells, demonstrating that OXR1-depletion accelerates MN formation through abrogation of G2/M arrest. In OXR1-depleted cells, the level of cyclin D1 protein expression was increased. Here we report that OXR1 prevents genome instability by cell cycle regulation as well as oxidative stress defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ako Matsui
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Kanno
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Cancer and Aging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazunari Hashiguchi
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miyaji
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akira Yasui
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Cancer and Aging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Qiu-Mei Zhang-Akiyama
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Liu L, Xie B, Fan M, Candas-Green D, Jiang JX, Wei R, Wang Y, Chen HW, Hu Y, Li JJ. Low-Level Saturated Fatty Acid Palmitate Benefits Liver Cells by Boosting Mitochondrial Metabolism via CDK1-SIRT3-CPT2 Cascade. Dev Cell 2019; 52:196-209.e9. [PMID: 31866205 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (the "bad" fat), especially palmitate (PA), in the human diet are blamed for potential health risks such as obesity and cancer because of SFA-induced lipotoxicity. However, epidemiological results demonstrate a latent benefit of SFAs, and it remains elusive whether a certain low level of SFAs is physiologically essential for maintaining cell metabolic hemostasis. Here, we demonstrate that although high-level PA (HPA) indeed induces lipotoxic effects in liver cells, low-level PA (LPA) increases mitochondrial functions and alleviates the injuries induced by HPA or hepatoxic agent carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). LPA treatment in mice enhanced liver mitochondrial activity and reduced CCl4 hepatotoxicity with improved blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and mitochondrial aspartate transaminase (m-AST). LPA-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis is regulated by CDK1-mediated SIRT3 phosphorylation, which in turn deacetylates and dimerizes CPT2 to enhance fatty acid oxidation. Thus, an advantageous effect is suggested by the consumption of LPA that augments mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis via CDK1-SIRT3-CPT2 cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguan Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Demet Candas-Green
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joy X Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yiyang Hu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguan Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Jian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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A novel metadherinΔ7 splice variant enhances triple negative breast cancer aggressiveness by modulating mitochondrial function via NFĸB-SIRT3 axis. Oncogene 2019; 39:2088-2102. [PMID: 31806873 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metadherin (MTDH) expression inversely correlates with prognosis of several cancers including mammary carcinomas. In this work, we identified a novel splice variant of MTDH with exon7 skipping (MTDHΔ7) and its levels were found significantly high in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and in patients diagnosed with TNBC. Selective overexpression of MTDHΔ7 in MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells enhanced proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transition markers in comparison to its wildtype counterpart. In contrast, knockdown of MTDHΔ7 induced antiproliferative/antiinvasive effects. Mechanistically, MTDH-NFĸB-p65 complex activated SIRT3 transcription by binding to its promoter that in turn enhanced MnSOD levels and promoted EMT in TNBC cells. Intriguingly, mitochondrial OCR through Complex-I and -IV, and glycolytic rate (ECAR) were significantly high in MDA-MB-231 cells stably expressing MTDHΔ7. While depletion of SIRT3 inhibited MTDH-Wt/Δ7-induced OCR and ECAR, knockdown of MnSOD inhibited only ECAR. In addition, MTDH-Wt/Δ7-mediated pro-proliferative/-invasive effects were greatly obviated with either siSIRT3 or siMnSOD in these cells. The functional relevance of MTDHΔ7 was further proved under in vivo conditions in an orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer. Mice bearing labeled MDA-MB-231 cells stably expressing MTDHΔ7 showed significantly more tumor growth and metastatic ability to various organs in comparison to MTDH-Wt bearing mice. Taken together, MTDHΔ7 promotes TNBC aggressiveness through enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis/function, which perhaps serves as a biomarker.
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Han S, Wei R, Zhang X, Jiang N, Fan M, Huang JH, Xie B, Zhang L, Miao W, Butler ACP, Coleman MA, Vaughan AT, Wang Y, Chen HW, Liu J, Li JJ. CPT1A/2-Mediated FAO Enhancement-A Metabolic Target in Radioresistant Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1201. [PMID: 31803610 PMCID: PMC6873486 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells, including cancer stem cells (CSCs) resistant to radio- and chemotherapy, must enhance metabolism to meet the extra energy demands to repair and survive such genotoxic conditions. However, such stress-induced adaptive metabolic alterations, especially in cancer cells that survive radiotherapy, remain unresolved. In this study, we found that CPT1 (Carnitine palmitoyl transferase I) and CPT2 (Carnitine palmitoyl transferase II), a pair of rate-limiting enzymes for mitochondrial fatty acid transportation, play a critical role in increasing fatty acid oxidation (FAO) required for the cellular fuel demands in radioresistant breast cancer cells (RBCs) and radiation-derived breast cancer stem cells (RD-BCSCs). Enhanced CPT1A/CPT2 expression was detected in the recurrent human breast cancers and associated with a worse prognosis in breast cancer patients. Blocking FAO via a FAO inhibitor or by CRISPR-mediated CPT1A/CPT2 gene deficiency inhibited radiation-induced ERK activation and aggressive growth and radioresistance of RBCs and RD-BCSCs. These results revealed that switching to FAO contributes to radiation-induced mitochondrial energy metabolism, and CPT1A/CPT2 is a potential metabolic target in cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ryan Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine/St. Luke's University Regional Campus, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaodi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Nian Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Jie Hunter Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Bowen Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Weili Miao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Ashley Chen-Ping Butler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Matthew A. Coleman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- NCI-Designated Compressive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Andrew T. Vaughan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- NCI-Designated Compressive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- NCI-Designated Compressive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Jian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- NCI-Designated Compressive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
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Ma J, Liu B, Yu D, Zuo Y, Cai R, Yang J, Cheng J. SIRT3 deacetylase activity confers chemoresistance in AML via regulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Br J Haematol 2019; 187:49-64. [PMID: 31236919 PMCID: PMC6790595 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells possess metabolism profiles, such as higher rates of oxidative phosphorylation and dependence on fatty acid oxidation for survival, and are dependent on the sophisticated regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation for survival, drug resistance and stemness maintenance. We found that sensitivity of primary AML cells to cytarabine correlated with SOD2 acetylation and the ability of the drug to induce mitochondrial ROS. The SOD2 deacetylase, SIRT3, protected AML cells from chemotherapy as shown by inhibited apoptosis via inhibited drug-induced production of mitochondrial ROS. SIRT3 significantly decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)/reduced NADP ratio and increased reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. Furthermore, SIRT3 enhanced oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) in AML cells under both basic and cytarabine-treated conditions. A xenograft mouse model showed that SIRT3 overexpressing AML cells and patient-derived xenograft mice bearing high SIRT3 deacetylase activity were more resistant to chemotherapy in vivo. SIRT3 inhibitor displayed synergy with cytarabine to ablate AML cells in vitro and in mouse models. Taken together, our study showed that SIRT3 is capable of reprograming mitochondrial metabolism towards OxPhos and downregulating ROS generation, which contribute to the chemoresistance of AML cells. SIRT3 can be utilized as a potential therapeutic target to improve the anti-leukaemic efficacy of standard chemotherapeutic agents for AML.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Cytarabine/pharmacology
- Cytarabine/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/physiology
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Sirtuin 3/physiology
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of HaematologyChanghai Hospital of the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Respiratory MedicineThe People's Liberation Army General HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yong Zuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Rong Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Department of HaematologyChanghai Hospital of the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jinke Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Chen X, Xu Z, Zeng S, Wang X, Liu W, Qian L, Wei J, Yang X, Shen Q, Gong Z, Yan Y. SIRT5 downregulation is associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma. Cancer Biomark 2019; 24:449-459. [PMID: 30909186 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-182197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sirtuins (SIRT) are NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases that are involved in the regulation of cancer-associated pathways. However, the biological role of these deacetylases remains elusive in glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we evaluated the effects of 7 sirtuins regarding their occurrence and prognostic value for GBM. METHODS In this research, the effects of SIRT5 on the occurrence and prognosis of GBM were evaluated using integrative bioinformatics analyses. RESULTS Based on comprehensive analyses of data obtained from web-based bioinformatics platforms, the data demonstrate that only SIRT5 expression is statistically decreased in GBM tissues. The clinical relevance analysis shows that downregulation of SIRT5 is significantly correlated with a shorter survival time. Moreover, the expression levels of SIRT5 were confirmed to be negatively associated with DNA methylation status. In addition, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed to determine the relationship of genes coexpressed with SIRT5. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that SIRT5 was potentially involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and in regulating cell communications. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results indicate that SIRT5 acts as a potential suppresser during tumorigenesis, and suggest that SIRT5 may be a promising prognostic biomarker of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qiuying Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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50
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Anderson G, Reiter RJ. Glioblastoma: Role of Mitochondria N-acetylserotonin/Melatonin Ratio in Mediating Effects of miR-451 and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and in Coordinating Wider Biochemical Changes. Int J Tryptophan Res 2019; 12:1178646919855942. [PMID: 31244524 PMCID: PMC6580708 DOI: 10.1177/1178646919855942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide array of different factors and processes have been linked to the biochemical underpinnings of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and glioblastoma stem cells (GSC), with no clear framework in which these may be integrated. Consequently, treatment of GBM/GSC is generally regarded as very poor. This article provides a framework that is based on alterations in the regulation of the melatonergic pathways within mitochondria of GBM/GSC. It is proposed that the presence of high levels of mitochondria-synthesized melatonin is toxic to GBM/GSC, with a number of processes in GBM/GSC acting to limit melatonin’s synthesis in mitochondria. One such factor is the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which increases cytochrome P450 (CYP)1b1 in mitochondria, leading to the ‘backward’ conversion of melatonin to N-acetylserotonin (NAS). N-acetylserotonin has some similar, but some important differential effects compared with melatonin, including its activation of the tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor. TrkB activation is important to GBM/GSC survival and proliferation. A plethora of significant, but previously disparate, data on GBM/GSC can then be integrated within this framework, including miR-451, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR, 14-3-3 proteins, sirtuins, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, and the kynurenine pathways. Such a conceptualization provides a framework for the development of more effective treatment for this poorly managed condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- Department of Clinical Research, CRC Scotland & London, London, UK
| | - Russell J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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