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Liu Y, Lomeli I, Kron SJ. Therapy-Induced Cellular Senescence: Potentiating Tumor Elimination or Driving Cancer Resistance and Recurrence? Cells 2024; 13:1281. [PMID: 39120312 PMCID: PMC11312217 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence has been increasingly recognized as a hallmark of cancer, reflecting its association with aging and inflammation, its role as a response to deregulated proliferation and oncogenic stress, and its induction by cancer therapies. While therapy-induced senescence (TIS) has been linked to resistance, recurrence, metastasis, and normal tissue toxicity, TIS also has the potential to enhance therapy response and stimulate anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we examine the Jekyll and Hyde nature of senescent cells (SnCs), focusing on how their persistence while expressing the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) modulates the tumor microenvironment through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Through the SASP, SnCs can mediate both resistance and response to cancer therapies. To fulfill the unmet potential of cancer immunotherapy, we consider how SnCs may influence tumor inflammation and serve as an antigen source to potentiate anti-tumor immune response. This new perspective suggests treatment approaches based on TIS to enhance immune checkpoint blockade. Finally, we describe strategies for mitigating the detrimental effects of senescence, such as modulating the SASP or targeting SnC persistence, which may enhance the overall benefits of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen J. Kron
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research and Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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2
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Zhou X, Wu Y, Qin L, Zeng M, Zhang M, Zhang J. Investigation of differentially expressed genes related to cellular senescence between high-risk and non-high-risk groups in neuroblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1421673. [PMID: 39135779 PMCID: PMC11317289 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1421673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Object This study aims to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high-risk and non-high-risk groups in neuroblastoma (NB), construct a prognostic model, and establish a risk score formula. Materials and methods The NB dataset GSE49710 (n = 498) from the GEO database served as the training cohort to select DEGs between high-risk and non-high-risk NB groups. Cellular senescence-related genes were obtained from the Aging Atlas database. Intersection genes from both datasets were identified as key genes of cellular senescence-related genes (SRGs). A prognostic model was constructed using Univariate Cox regression analysis and the Lasso algorithm with SRGs. Validation was performed using the E-MTAB-8248 cohort (n = 223). The expression levels of AURKA and CENPA were evaluated via RT-qPCR in two clinical NB sample groups. Results Eight SRGs were identified, and a prognostic model comprising five genes related to cellular senescence was constructed. AURKA and CENPA showed significant expression in clinical samples and were closely associated with cellular senescence. Conclusion The prognostic model consisted with five cellular senescence related genes effectively predicts the prognosis of NB patients. AURKA and CENPA represent promising targets in NB for predicting cellular senescence, offering potential insights for NB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuying Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Qin
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingying Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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3
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Du M, Sun L, Guo J, Lv H. Macrophages and tumor-associated macrophages in the senescent microenvironment: From immunosuppressive TME to targeted tumor therapy. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107198. [PMID: 38692466 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
In-depth studies of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have helped to elucidate its cancer-promoting mechanisms and inherent characteristics. Cellular senescence, which acts as a response to injury and can the release of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs). These SASPs release various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, remodeling the TME. This continual development of a senescent environment could be associated with chronic inflammation and immunosuppressive TME. Additionally, SASPs could influence the phenotype and function of macrophages, leading to the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This contributes to tumor proliferation and metastasis in the senescent microenvironment, working in tandem with immune regulation, angiogenesis, and therapeutic resistance. This comprehensive review covers the evolving nature of the senescent microenvironment, macrophages, and TAMs in tumor development. We also explored the links between chronic inflammation, immunosuppressive TME, cellular senescence, and macrophages. Moreover, we compiled various tumor-specific treatment strategies centered on cellular senescence and the current challenges in cellular senescence research. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism of macrophages and the senescent microenvironment in tumor progression and advance the development of targeted tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Du
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Jinshuai Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | - Huina Lv
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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4
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Duran I, Pombo J, Sun B, Gallage S, Kudo H, McHugh D, Bousset L, Barragan Avila JE, Forlano R, Manousou P, Heikenwalder M, Withers DJ, Vernia S, Goldin RD, Gil J. Detection of senescence using machine learning algorithms based on nuclear features. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1041. [PMID: 38310113 PMCID: PMC10838307 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45421-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress response with broad pathophysiological implications. Senotherapies can induce senescence to treat cancer or eliminate senescent cells to ameliorate ageing and age-related pathologies. However, the success of senotherapies is limited by the lack of reliable ways to identify senescence. Here, we use nuclear morphology features of senescent cells to devise machine-learning classifiers that accurately predict senescence induced by diverse stressors in different cell types and tissues. As a proof-of-principle, we use these senescence classifiers to characterise senolytics and to screen for drugs that selectively induce senescence in cancer cells but not normal cells. Moreover, a tissue senescence score served to assess the efficacy of senolytic drugs and identified senescence in mouse models of liver cancer initiation, ageing, and fibrosis, and in patients with fatty liver disease. Thus, senescence classifiers can help to detect pathophysiological senescence and to discover and validate potential senotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imanol Duran
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joaquim Pombo
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Bin Sun
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Suchira Gallage
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- M3 Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Section for Pathology, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Domhnall McHugh
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Laura Bousset
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jose Efren Barragan Avila
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roberta Forlano
- Liver Unit, Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Pinelopi Manousou
- Liver Unit, Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- M3 Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominic J Withers
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Santiago Vernia
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Robert D Goldin
- Section for Pathology, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Jesús Gil
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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5
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Deng Z, Richardson DR. The Myc Family and the Metastasis Suppressor NDRG1: Targeting Key Molecular Interactions with Innovative Therapeutics. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1007-1035. [PMID: 37280098 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, resulting in ∼10 million deaths in 2020. Major oncogenic effectors are the Myc proto-oncogene family, which consists of three members including c-Myc, N-Myc, and L-Myc. As a pertinent example of the role of the Myc family in tumorigenesis, amplification of MYCN in childhood neuroblastoma strongly correlates with poor patient prognosis. Complexes between Myc oncoproteins and their partners such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and Myc-associated protein X (MAX) result in proliferation arrest and pro-proliferative effects, respectively. Interactions with other proteins are also important for N-Myc activity. For instance, the enhancer of zest homolog 2 (EZH2) binds directly to N-Myc to stabilize it by acting as a competitor against the ubiquitin ligase, SCFFBXW7, which prevents proteasomal degradation. Heat shock protein 90 may also be involved in N-Myc stabilization since it binds to EZH2 and prevents its degradation. N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is downregulated by N-Myc and participates in the regulation of cellular proliferation via associating with other proteins, such as glycogen synthase kinase-3β and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6. These molecular interactions provide a better understanding of the biologic roles of N-Myc and NDRG1, which can be potentially used as therapeutic targets. In addition to directly targeting these proteins, disrupting their key interactions may also be a promising strategy for anti-cancer drug development. This review examines the interactions between the Myc proteins and other molecules, with a special focus on the relationship between N-Myc and NDRG1 and possible therapeutic interventions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Neuroblastoma is one of the most common childhood solid tumors, with a dismal five-year survival rate. This problem makes it imperative to discover new and more effective therapeutics. The molecular interactions between major oncogenic drivers of the Myc family and other key proteins; for example, the metastasis suppressor, NDRG1, may potentially be used as targets for anti-neuroblastoma drug development. In addition to directly targeting these proteins, disrupting their key molecular interactions may also be promising for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Deng
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia (Z.D., D.R.R.), and Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (D.R.R.)
| | - Des R Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia (Z.D., D.R.R.), and Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (D.R.R.)
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6
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Bousset L, Gil J. Targeting senescence as an anticancer therapy. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3855-3880. [PMID: 36065138 PMCID: PMC9627790 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress response elicited by different molecular insults. Senescence results in cell cycle exit and is characterised by multiple phenotypic changes such as the production of a bioactive secretome. Senescent cells accumulate during ageing and are present in cancerous and fibrotic lesions. Drugs that selectively kill senescent cells (senolytics) have shown great promise for the treatment of age-related diseases. Senescence plays paradoxical roles in cancer. Induction of senescence limits cancer progression and contributes to therapy success, but lingering senescent cells fuel progression, recurrence, and metastasis. In this review, we describe the intricate relation between senescence and cancer. Moreover, we enumerate how current anticancer therapies induce senescence in tumour cells and how senolytic agents could be deployed to complement anticancer therapies. "One-two punch" therapies aim to first induce senescence in the tumour followed by senolytic treatment to target newly exposed vulnerabilities in senescent tumour cells. "One-two punch" represents an emerging and promising new strategy in cancer treatment. Future challenges of "one-two punch" approaches include how to best monitor senescence in cancer patients to effectively survey their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bousset
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS)UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS)Imperial College LondonUK
| | - Jesús Gil
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS)UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS)Imperial College LondonUK
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7
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Chibaya L, Snyder J, Ruscetti M. Senescence and the tumor-immune landscape: Implications for cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:827-845. [PMID: 35143990 PMCID: PMC9357237 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapies, including conventional chemotherapy, radiation, and molecularly targeted agents, can lead to tumor eradication through a variety of mechanisms. In addition to their effects on tumor cell growth and survival, these regimens can also influence the surrounding tumor-immune microenvironment in ways that ultimately impact therapy responses. A unique biological outcome of cancer therapy is induction of cellular senescence. Senescence is a damage-induced stress program that leads to both the durable arrest of tumor cells and remodeling the tumor-immune microenvironment through activation of a collection pleiotropic cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteinases known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Depending on the cancer context and the mechanism of action of the therapy, the SASP produced following therapy-induced senescence (TIS) can promote anti-tumor immunity that enhances therapeutic efficacy, or alternatively chronic inflammation that leads to therapy failure and tumor relapse. Thus, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms regulating the SASP and components necessary for robust anti-tumor immune surveillance in different cancer and therapy contexts are key to harnessing senescence for tumor control. Here we draw a roadmap to modulate TIS and its immune-stimulating features for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretah Chibaya
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jarin Snyder
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Marcus Ruscetti
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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8
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Brickute D, Chen C, Braga M, Barnes C, Wang N, Allott L, Aboagye EO. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of a novel PET imaging agent targeting lipofuscin in senescent cells. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26372-26381. [PMID: 36275107 PMCID: PMC9475417 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04535d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Promoting a senescent phenotype to suppress tumour progression may present an alternative strategy for treating cancer and encourages the development of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging biomarkers for assessing response to treatment. The accumulation of lipofuscin deposits in senescent cells is visualised using the pathology stain Sudan Black B (SBB) which is an emerging biomarker of senescence. We describe the design, synthesis and evaluation of [18F]fluoroethyltriazole-SBB ([18F]FET-SBB), a fluorine-18 radiolabelled derivative of SBB. The in vitro uptake of [18F]FET-SBB in a senescent cell line corelated with lipofuscin deposits; in vivo PET imaging and metabolite analysis confirm a favourable pharmacokinetic and metabolic profile for further studies of in vivo models of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Brickute
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Cen Chen
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Marta Braga
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Chris Barnes
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Ning Wang
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Louis Allott
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of HullCottingham Road, Kingston upon HullHU6 7RXUK,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of HullCottingham Road, Kingston upon HullHU6 7RXUK
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
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9
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Zhang Y, Ma Y, Wang Y, Mukhopadhyay D, Bi Y, Ji B. Aurora kinase a inhibitor MLN8237 suppresses pancreatic cancer growth. Pancreatology 2022; 22:619-625. [PMID: 35550115 PMCID: PMC9189053 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is notorious for high mortality due to limited options of appropriate chemotherapy drugs. Here we report that Aurora kinase-A expression is elevated in both human and mouse PDAC samples. MLN8237, an inhibitor of Aurora kinase-A, efficiently reduced the proliferation and motility of PDAC cells in vitro as well as tumor growth in orthotropic xenograft model and genetic pancreatic cancer animal models (p53/LSL/Pdx-Cre mice) in vivo. MLN8237 exhibited tumor inhibitory effect through inhibiting proliferation and migration, and inducing apoptosis and senescence. These results provide the molecular basis for a novel chemotherapy strategy for PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebo Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Yan Bi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Baoan Ji
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Senescence is a cellular response to a variety of stress signals that is characterized by a stable withdrawal from the cell cycle and major changes in cell morphology and physiology. While most research on senescence has been performed on non-cancer cells, it is evident that cancer cells can also mount a senescence response. In this Review, we discuss how senescence can be induced in cancer cells. We describe the distinctive features of senescent cancer cells and how these changes in cellular physiology might be exploited for the selective eradication of these cells (senolysis). We discuss activation of the host immune system as a particularly attractive way to clear senescent cancer cells. Finally, we consider the challenges and opportunities provided by a 'one-two punch' sequential treatment of cancer with pro-senescence therapy followed by senolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Wang
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lina Lankhorst
- Cancer, Stem Cells & Developmental Biology programme, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Ou H, Hoffmann R, González‐López C, Doherty GJ, Korkola JE, Muñoz‐Espín D. Cellular senescence in cancer: from mechanisms to detection. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2634-2671. [PMID: 32981205 PMCID: PMC8486596 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence refers to a cellular state featuring a stable cell-cycle arrest triggered in response to stress. This response also involves other distinct morphological and intracellular changes including alterations in gene expression and epigenetic modifications, elevated macromolecular damage, metabolism deregulation and a complex pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype. The initial demonstration of oncogene-induced senescence in vitro established senescence as an important tumour-suppressive mechanism, in addition to apoptosis. Senescence not only halts the proliferation of premalignant cells but also facilitates the clearance of affected cells through immunosurveillance. Failure to clear senescent cells owing to deficient immunosurveillance may, however, lead to a state of chronic inflammation that nurtures a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment favouring cancer initiation, migration and metastasis. In addition, senescence is a response to post-therapy genotoxic stress. Therefore, tracking the emergence of senescent cells becomes pivotal to detect potential pro-tumorigenic events. Current protocols for the in vivo detection of senescence require the analysis of fixed or deep-frozen tissues, despite a significant clinical need for real-time bioimaging methods. Accuracy and efficiency of senescence detection are further hampered by a lack of universal and more specific senescence biomarkers. Recently, in an attempt to overcome these hurdles, an assortment of detection tools has been developed. These strategies all have significant potential for clinical utilisation and include flow cytometry combined with histo- or cytochemical approaches, nanoparticle-based targeted delivery of imaging contrast agents, OFF-ON fluorescent senoprobes, positron emission tomography senoprobes and analysis of circulating SASP factors, extracellular vesicles and cell-free nucleic acids isolated from plasma. Here, we highlight the occurrence of senescence in neoplasia and advanced tumours, assess the impact of senescence on tumorigenesis and discuss how the ongoing development of senescence detection tools might improve early detection of multiple cancers and response to therapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui‐Ling Ou
- CRUK Cambridge Centre Early Detection ProgrammeDepartment of OncologyHutchison/MRC Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | - Reuben Hoffmann
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringKnight Cancer InstituteOHSU Center for Spatial Systems BiomedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Cristina González‐López
- CRUK Cambridge Centre Early Detection ProgrammeDepartment of OncologyHutchison/MRC Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeUK
| | - Gary J. Doherty
- Department of OncologyCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridge Biomedical CampusUK
| | - James E. Korkola
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringKnight Cancer InstituteOHSU Center for Spatial Systems BiomedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Daniel Muñoz‐Espín
- CRUK Cambridge Centre Early Detection ProgrammeDepartment of OncologyHutchison/MRC Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeUK
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12
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Yang J, Liu M, Hong D, Zeng M, Zhang X. The Paradoxical Role of Cellular Senescence in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:722205. [PMID: 34458273 PMCID: PMC8388842 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.722205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence occurs in proliferating cells as a consequence of various triggers including telomere shortening, DNA damage, and inappropriate expression of oncogenes. The senescent state is accompanied by failure to reenter the cell cycle under mitotic stimulation, resistance to cell death and enhanced secretory phenotype. A growing number of studies have convincingly demonstrated a paradoxical role for spontaneous senescence and therapy-induced senescence (TIS), that senescence may involve both cancer prevention and cancer aggressiveness. Cellular senescence was initially described as a physiological suppressor mechanism of tumor cells, because cancer development requires cell proliferation. However, there is growing evidence that senescent cells may contribute to oncogenesis, partly in a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-dependent manner. On the one hand, SASP prevents cell division and promotes immune clearance of damaged cells, thereby avoiding tumor development. On the other hand, SASP contributes to tumor progression and relapse through creating an immunosuppressive environment. In this review, we performed a review to summarize both bright and dark sides of senescence in cancer, and the strategies to handle senescence in cancer therapy were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongchun Hong
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Musheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Serrano-Del Valle A, Reina-Ortiz C, Benedi A, Anel A, Naval J, Marzo I. Future prospects for mitosis-targeted antitumor therapies. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114655. [PMID: 34129859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of cell cycle progression is a hallmark of cancer cells. In recent years, efforts have been devoted to the development of new therapies that target proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and mitosis. Novel targeted antimitotic drugs include inhibitors of aurora kinase family, polo-like kinase 1, Mps1, Eg5, CENP-5 and the APC/cyclosome complex. While certain new inhibitors reached the clinical trial stage, most were discontinued due to negative results. However, these therapies should not be readily dismissed. Based on recent advances concerning their mechanisms of action, new strategies could be devised to increase their efficacy and promote further clinical trials. Here we discuss three main lines of action to empower these therapeutic approaches: increasing cell death signals during mitotic arrest, targeting senescent cells and facilitating antitumor immune response through immunogenic cell death (ICD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chantal Reina-Ortiz
- Dept. Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza and IIS Aragón, Spain
| | - Andrea Benedi
- Dept. Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza and IIS Aragón, Spain
| | - Alberto Anel
- Dept. Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza and IIS Aragón, Spain
| | - Javier Naval
- Dept. Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza and IIS Aragón, Spain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Dept. Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza and IIS Aragón, Spain.
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14
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Aurora kinase inhibitors as potential anticancer agents: Recent advances. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113495. [PMID: 34020340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aurora kinases are a family of serine/threonine kinases that play a crucial role in cell proliferation through the regulation of mitotic spindles. These kinases are the regulatory proteins localized in the various phases of the cell cycle and are involved in centrosome maturation, chromosome alignment, chromosomal segregation, and cytokinesis. They have emerged as one of the validated drug targets for anticancer drug discovery as their overexpression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various carcinomas. Inhibitors of Aurora kinases induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in a variety of tumor cells. Hence, the design and development of Aurora kinase inhibitors have been widely explored in recent years by the scientific community as potential anticancer agents. Various Aurora kinase inhibitors have been under preclinical and clinical investigations as antitumor agents. This review summarizes the recent strategies of various researchers for the design and development of Aurora kinase inhibitors belonging to different structural classes. Their bioactivity, SARs, molecular modelling, and mechanistic studies have also been described. The comprehensive compilation of research work carried out in the field will provide inevitable scope for the design and development of novel drug candidates with better selectivity and efficacy. The review is constructed after the exhaustive research in this discipline and includes the papers from 2011 to 2020.
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15
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Fitsiou E, Soto-Gamez A, Demaria M. Biological functions of therapy-induced senescence in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 81:5-13. [PMID: 33775830 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Therapy-induced cellular senescence is a state of stable growth arrest induced by common cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation. In an oncogenic context, therapy-induced senescence can have different consequences. By blocking cellular proliferation and by facilitating immune cell infiltration, it functions as tumor suppressive mechanism. By fueling the proliferation of bystander cells and facilitating metastasis, it acts as a tumor promoting factor. This dual role is mainly attributed to the differential expression and secretion of a set of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tissue remodeling factors, collectively known as the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). Here, we describe cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms that senescent cells activate in response to chemotherapy and radiation leading to tumor suppression and tumor promotion. We present the current state of knowledge on the stimuli that affect the activation of these opposing mechanisms and the effect of senescent cells on their micro-environment eg. by regulating the functions of immune cells in tumor clearance as well as strategies to eliminate senescent tumor cells before exerting their deleterious side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Fitsiou
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abel Soto-Gamez
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713AV, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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16
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Karatas M, Chaikuad A, Berger B, Kubbutat MHG, Totzke F, Knapp S, Kunick C. 7-(2-Anilinopyrimidin-4-yl)-1-benzazepin-2-ones Designed by a "Cut and Glue" Strategy Are Dual Aurora A/VEGF-R Kinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061611. [PMID: 33799460 PMCID: PMC7998669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although overexpression and hyperactivity of protein kinases are causative for a wide range of human cancers, protein kinase inhibitors currently approved as cancer drugs address only a limited number of these enzymes. To identify new chemotypes addressing alternative protein kinases, the basic structure of a known PLK1/VEGF-R2 inhibitor class was formally dissected and reassembled. The resulting 7-(2-anilinopyrimidin-4-yl)-1-benzazepin-2-ones were synthesized and proved to be dual inhibitors of Aurora A kinase and VEGF receptor kinases. Crystal structures of two representatives of the new chemotype in complex with Aurora A showed the ligand orientation in the ATP binding pocket and provided the basis for rational structural modifications. Congeners with attached sulfamide substituents retained Aurora A inhibitory activity. In vitro screening of two members of the new kinase inhibitor family against the cancer cell line panel of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) showed antiproliferative activity in the single-digit micromolar concentration range in the majority of the cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Karatas
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.K.); (B.B.)
- Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.C.); (S.K.)
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bianca Berger
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.K.); (B.B.)
| | | | - Frank Totzke
- Reaction Biology Europe GmbH, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; (M.H.G.K.); (F.T.)
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.C.); (S.K.)
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Conrad Kunick
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (M.K.); (B.B.)
- Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-531-391-2754
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17
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Han J, Chen X, Xu J, Chu L, Li R, Sun N, Jiang Z, Liu H, Ge X, Zheng J, Yang J, Ikezoe T. Simultaneous silencing Aurora-A and UHRF1 inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth through regulating expression of DNMT1 and STAT1. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3437-3451. [PMID: 34522170 PMCID: PMC8436113 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.61969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora-A has attracted a great deal of interest as a potential therapeutic target for patients with CRC. However, the outcomes of inhibitors targeting Aurora-A are not as favorable as expected, and the basis behind the ineffectiveness remains unknown. Here, we found that signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) was highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) xenograft mouse models that were resistant to alisertib, an Aurora-A inhibitor. Unexpectedly, we found that alisertib disrupted Aurora-A binding with ubiquitin-like with plant homeodomain and ring finger domain 1 (UHRF1), leading to UHRF1 mediated ubiquitination and degradation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which in turn resulted in demethylation of CpG islands of STAT1 promoter and STAT1 overexpression. Simultaneous silencing Aurora-A and UHRF1 prevented STAT1 overexpression and effectively inhibited CRC growth. Hence, concomitant targeting Aurora-A and UHRF1 can be a promising therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Laili Chu
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongqing Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,National Experimental Demonstration Center for Basic Medicine Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Ge
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oncology, the first affiliated hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Takayuki Ikezoe
- The Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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18
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Faheem MM, Seligson ND, Ahmad SM, Rasool RU, Gandhi SG, Bhagat M, Goswami A. Convergence of therapy-induced senescence (TIS) and EMT in multistep carcinogenesis: current opinions and emerging perspectives. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:51. [PMID: 32566256 PMCID: PMC7295779 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug induced resistance is a widespread problem in the clinical management of cancer. Cancer cells, when exposed to cytotoxic drugs, can reprogram their cellular machinery and resist cell death. Evasion of cell death mechanisms, such as apoptosis and necroptosis, are part of a transcriptional reprogramming that cancer cells utilize to mediate cytotoxic threats. An additional strategy adopted by cancer cells to resist cell death is to initiate the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. EMT is a trans-differentiation process which facilitates a motile phenotype in cancer cells which can be induced when cells are challenged by specific classes of cytotoxic drugs. Induction of EMT in malignant cells also results in drug resistance. In this setting, therapy-induced senescence (TIS), an enduring "proliferative arrest", serves as an alternate approach against cancer because cancer cells remain susceptible to induced senescence. The molecular processes of senescence have proved challenging to understand. Senescence has previously been described solely as a tumor-suppressive mechanism; however, recent evidences suggest that senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can contribute to tumor progression. SASP has also been identified to contribute to EMT induction. Even though the causes of senescence and EMT induction can be wholly different from each other, a functional link between EMT and senescence is still obscure. In this review, we summarize the evidence of potential cross-talk between EMT and senescence while highlighting some of the most commonly identified molecular players. This review will shed light on these two intertwined and highly conserved cellular process, while providing background of the therapeutic implications of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Mohd Faheem
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001 India
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006 India
| | - Nathan D. Seligson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, The University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL USA
- Department of Pharmacogenomics and Translational Research, Nemours Children’s Specialty Care, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Syed Mudabir Ahmad
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001 India
| | - Reyaz Ur Rasool
- Perelman School of Medicine, Cancer Biology Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Sumit G. Gandhi
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001 India
| | - Madhulika Bhagat
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006 India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001 India
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19
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Zheng K, Ma J, Wang Y, He Z, Deng K. Sulforaphane Inhibits Autophagy and Induces Exosome-Mediated Paracrine Senescence via Regulating mTOR/TFE3. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1901231. [PMID: 32476238 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The development of novel compounds that trigger non-apoptotic cell death may represent alternative therapeutic strategies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treatment. Cellular senescence suppresses tumorigenesis by halting the proliferation of tumor cells, implying the induction of senescence as a promising anticancer strategy, especially when combined with senolytic agents that specially kill senescent cells. This study is designed to screen novel anti-ESCC compounds from a natural product resource and identify its mechanism-of-action. METHODS AND RESULTS Identified are the significant anti-cancer effect and underlying mechanism of SFN, an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables, through RNA sequencing, western blot, and immunofluorescent assays. It is found that SFN inhibits proliferation of ESCC cells through inducing senescence. Mechanistically, SFN induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) via disrupting the balance between glutathione and oxidized glutathione, leading to DNA damage. In addition, ROS deregulates autophagy and promotes lysosome abnormal biogenesis through regulating mTOR/TFE3 axis. Finally, the inhibited autophagic flux facilitates exosome production, resulting in exosome-mediated paracrine senescence. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the important roles of autophagy and exosome-mediated paracrine senescence in cancer therapy and highlights SFN as a potent anti-ESCC drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jingxin Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yifei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Zhendan He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China.,Guangdong Key laboratory for Genome Stability & Human Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Drugs, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Kejun Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
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20
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Saleh T, Bloukh S, Carpenter VJ, Alwohoush E, Bakeer J, Darwish S, Azab B, Gewirtz DA. Therapy-Induced Senescence: An "Old" Friend Becomes the Enemy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040822. [PMID: 32235364 PMCID: PMC7226427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
For the past two decades, cellular senescence has been recognized as a central component of the tumor cell response to chemotherapy and radiation. Traditionally, this form of senescence, termed Therapy-Induced Senescence (TIS), was linked to extensive nuclear damage precipitated by classical genotoxic chemotherapy. However, a number of other forms of therapy have also been shown to induce senescence in tumor cells independently of direct genomic damage. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive summary of both conventional and targeted anticancer therapeutics that have been shown to induce senescence in vitro and in vivo. Still, the utility of promoting senescence as a therapeutic endpoint remains under debate. Since senescence represents a durable form of growth arrest, it might be argued that senescence is a desirable outcome of cancer therapy. However, accumulating evidence suggesting that cells have the capacity to escape from TIS would support an alternative conclusion, that senescence provides an avenue whereby tumor cells can evade the potentially lethal action of anticancer drugs, allowing the cells to enter a temporary state of dormancy that eventually facilitates disease recurrence, often in a more aggressive state. Furthermore, TIS is now strongly connected to tumor cell remodeling, potentially to tumor dormancy, acquiring more ominous malignant phenotypes and accounts for several untoward adverse effects of cancer therapy. Here, we argue that senescence represents a barrier to effective anticancer treatment, and discuss the emerging efforts to identify and exploit agents with senolytic properties as a strategy for elimination of the persistent residual surviving tumor cell population, with the goal of mitigating the tumor-promoting influence of the senescent cells and to thereby reduce the likelihood of cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Saleh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (T.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Sarah Bloukh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (S.B.); (E.A.); (J.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Valerie J. Carpenter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Enas Alwohoush
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (S.B.); (E.A.); (J.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Jomana Bakeer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (S.B.); (E.A.); (J.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Sarah Darwish
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (T.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Belal Azab
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (S.B.); (E.A.); (J.B.); (B.A.)
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Liu N, Wang YA, Sun Y, Ecsedy J, Sun J, Li X, Wang P. Inhibition of Aurora A enhances radiosensitivity in selected lung cancer cell lines. Respir Res 2019; 20:230. [PMID: 31647033 PMCID: PMC6813099 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In mammalian cells, Aurora serine/threonine kinases (Aurora A, B, and C) are expressed in a cell cycle-dependent fashion as key mitotic regulators required for the maintenance of chromosomal stability. Aurora-A (AURKA) has been proven to be an oncogene in a variety of cancers; however, whether its expression relates to patient survival and the association with radiotherapy remains unclear in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Here, we first analyzed AURKA expression in 63 NSCLC tumor samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and used an MTS assay to compare cell survival by targeting AURKA with MLN8237 (Alisertib) in H460 and HCC2429 (P53-competent), and H1299 (P53-deficient) cell lines. The radiosensitivity of MLN8237 was further evaluated by clonogenic assay. Finally, we examined the effect of combining radiation and AURKA inhibition in vivo with a xenograft model and explored the potential mechanism. Results We found that increased AURKA expression correlated with decreased time to progression and overall survival (p = 0.0447 and 0.0096, respectively). AURKA inhibition using 100 nM MLN8237 for 48 h decreases cell growth in a partially P53-dependent manner, and the survival rates of H460, HCC2429, and H1299 cells were 56, 50, and 77%, respectively. In addition, the survival of H1299 cells decreased 27% after ectopic restoration of P53 expression, and the radiotherapy enhancement was also influenced by P53 expression (DER H460 = 1.33; HCC2429 = 1.35; H1299 = 1.02). Furthermore, tumor growth of H460 was delayed significantly in a subcutaneous mouse model exposed to both MLN8237 and radiation. Conclusions Taken together, our results confirmed that the expression of AURKA correlated with decreased NSCLC patient survival, and it might be a promising inhibition target when combined with radiotherapy, especially for P53-competent lung cancer cells. Modulation of P53 function could provide a new option for reversing cell resistance to the AURKA inhibitor MLN8237, which deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Yong Antican Wang
- Biomed Innovation Center of Yehoo Group Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yunguang Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey Ecsedy
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA, UK
| | - Jifeng Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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22
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Abstract
Cancer is a disease caused by several factors characterized by uncontrolled cell division, growth, and survival. ENMD-2076, is a novel orally active small molecule multikinase inhibitor targeting angiogenesis, proliferation, and the cell cycle. It is selectively active against the mitotic kinases aurora A and B, and kinases responsible for angiogenesis including VEGFR2/KDR and FGFR1 and 2. ENMD-2076 has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and prevent angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo in preclinical cancer models. Moreover, in a phase I trial, ENMD-2076 was well tolerated, exhibited a linear pharmacokinetic profile, and showed a promising antitumor activity in a number of solid tumors. In this study, we show that ENMD-2076 has antiproliferative effects, causes cell cycle arrest, and has activity in preclinical models of colorectal cancer (CRC), including patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Forty-seven human CRC cell lines were exposed in vitro to ENMD-2076 and analyzed for effects on cell cycle, apoptosis, and downstream effector proteins. The drug was then tested against 20 human CRC PDX models to further evaluate in-vivo antitumor activity. We show that ENMD-2076 exhibits a broad range of activity against a large panel of CRC cell lines with varying molecular characteristics. Mechanistically, ENMD-2076 exposure resulted in a G2/M cell cycle arrest, an increase in aneuploidy, and cell death in responsive cell lines. In addition, ENMD-2076 treatment resulted in a promising antitumor activity in CRC PDX models. These results support the continued development of ENMD-2076 in CRC including further exploration of rational combinations.
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23
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Yen CC, Chen SC, Hung GY, Wu PK, Chua WY, Lin YC, Yen CH, Chen YC, Wang JY, Yang MH, Chao Y, Chang MC, Chen WM. Expression profile‑driven discovery of AURKA as a treatment target for liposarcoma. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:938-948. [PMID: 31485600 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is one of the most frequently reported type of soft‑tissue sarcoma (STS). Well‑differentiated (WD) LPS and dedifferentiated (DD) LPS are the two most common subtypes. Chemotherapy has been considered to be ineffective in LPS, and novel treatment agents are thus necessary. In this study, we reanalyzed two published microarray data sets of LPS. By comparing the top 50 upregulated genes in DD LPS in both sets of data, we identified 12 overlapping genes. Of note, the top five gene sets enriched in DD LPS in both sets of data were involved in cell cycle regulation. Among the 12 overlapping genes, aurora kinase A (AURKA) is a well‑known gene involved in cell cycle regulation; we thus further investigated this gene. AURKA was significantly upregulated in DD LPS, compared with WD LPS. Among 40 cases of DD LPS in GSE30929, patients with high AURKA expression in tumors had significantly worse distant recurrence‑free survival than those with low expression. In an in vitro model, MLN8237, an AURKA inhibitor, could inhibit AURKA in LPS cell lines with a resultant G2/M arrest. MLN8237 was also reported to exert a cytotoxic effect by inducing apoptosis in LPS cell lines. Furthermore, except for cisplatin, MLN8237 had a significantly synergistic effect with chemotherapy agents against LPS. MLN8237 induced cellular senescence in LPS cell lines with increased expression of DcR2, a senescence biomarker, and upregulated expression of cytokines associated with the senescence‑associated secretory phenotype, including interleukin (IL)‑1α, IL‑6 and IL‑8. Our study identified AURKA as a potential biomarker for predicting poor prognosis in LPS. The findings of the present study suggested the potential of AURKA as a therapeutic target in LPS cell line models, while the novel combination of AURKA inhibitors and chemotherapy requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chueh-Chuan Yen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno‑Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - San-Chi Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno‑Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Giun-Yi Hung
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Kuei Wu
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Yang Chua
- Division of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno‑Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Chan Lin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno‑Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chiao-Han Yen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno‑Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Chun Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno‑Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jir-You Wang
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno‑Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yee Chao
- Division of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno‑Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Chau Chang
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Ming Chen
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Cilibrasi C, Guzzi A, Bazzoni R, Riva G, Cadamuro M, Hochegger H, Bentivegna A. A Ploidy Increase Promotes Sensitivity of Glioma Stem Cells to Aurora Kinases Inhibition. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:9014045. [PMID: 31531022 PMCID: PMC6720056 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9014045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells account for glioblastoma relapse and resistance to conventional therapies, and protein kinases, involved in the regulation of the mitotic machinery (i.e., Aurora kinases), have recently emerged as attractive therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated the effect of Aurora kinases inhibition in five glioma stem cell lines isolated from glioblastoma patients. As expected, cell lines responded to the loss of Aurora kinases with cytokinesis failure and mitotic exit without cell division. Surprisingly, this resulted in a proliferative arrest in only two of the five cell lines. These sensitive cell lines entered a senescent/autophagic state following aberrant mitotic exit, while the non-sensitive cell lines continued to proliferate. This senescence response did not correlate with TP53 mutation status but only occurred in the cell lines with the highest chromosome content. Repeated rounds of Aurora kinases inhibition caused a gradual increase in chromosome content in the resistant cell lines and eventually caused a similar senescence response and proliferative arrest. Our results suggest that a ploidy threshold is the main determinant of Aurora kinases sensitivity in TP53 mutant glioma stem cells. Thus, ploidy could be used as a biomarker for treating glioma patients with Aurora kinases inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cilibrasi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan Center of Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Dept. of Neurology and Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Andrèe Guzzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bazzoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan Center of Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Dept. of Neurology and Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riva
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan Center of Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Dept. of Neurology and Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Massimiliano Cadamuro
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- International Center for Digestive Health (ICDH), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Helfrid Hochegger
- Genome Damage and Stability Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Angela Bentivegna
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan Center of Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Dept. of Neurology and Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy
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McDermott MSJ, Conlon N, Browne BC, Szabo A, Synnott NC, O'Brien NA, Duffy MJ, Crown J, O'Donovan N. HER2-Targeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Cause Therapy-Induced-Senescence in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020197. [PMID: 30743996 PMCID: PMC6406301 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged treatment of HER2 positive breast cancer cells with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) leads to the emergence of acquired resistance. However, the effects of continuous TKI exposure on cell fate, and the steps leading to the acquisition of a resistant phenotype are poorly understood. To explore this, we exposed five HER2 positive cells lines to HER2 targeted therapies for periods of up to 4 weeks and examined senescence associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity together with additional markers of senescence. We found that lapatinib treatment resulted in phenotypic alterations consistent with a senescent phenotype and strong SA-β-gal activity in HER2-positive cell lines. Lapatinib-induced senescence was associated with elevated levels of p15 and p27 but was not dependent on the expression of p16 or p21. Restoring wild type p53 activity either by transfection or by treatment with APR-246, a molecule which reactivates mutant p53, blocked lapatinib-induced senescence and caused increased cell death. In contrast to lapatinib, SA-β-gal activity was not induced by exposing the cells to trastuzumab as a single agent but co-administration of lapatinib and trastuzumab induced senescence, as did treatment of the cells with the irreversible HER2 TKIs neratinib and afatinib. Neratinib- and afatinib-induced senescence was not reversed by removing the drug whereas lapatinib-induced senescence was reversible. In summary, therapy-induced senescence represents a novel mechanism of action of HER2 targeting agents and may be a potential pathway for the emergence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina S J McDermott
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, 9 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Neil Conlon
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, 9 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Brigid C Browne
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, 9 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Adam Szabo
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, 9 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Naoise C Synnott
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, 4 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Neil A O'Brien
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Michael J Duffy
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, 4 Dublin, Ireland.
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, 4 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - John Crown
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, 9 Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, 4 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Norma O'Donovan
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, 9 Dublin, Ireland.
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Qin S, Schulte BA, Wang GY. Role of senescence induction in cancer treatment. World J Clin Oncol 2018; 9:180-187. [PMID: 30622926 PMCID: PMC6314866 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v9.i8.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a form of permanent cell cycle arrest that can be triggered by a variety of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, including telomere shortening, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and exposure to chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiation. Although the induction of apoptotic cell death is a desirable outcome in cancer therapy, mutations and/or deficiencies in the apoptotic signaling pathways have been frequently identified in many human cancer types, suggesting the importance of alternative apoptosis-independent therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. A growing body of evidence has documented that senescence induction in tumor cells is a frequent response to many anticancer modalities including cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 small molecule inhibitor-based targeted therapeutics and T helper-1 cytokine-mediated immunotherapy. This review discusses the recent advances and clinical relevance of therapy-induced senescence in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Qin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Bradley A Schulte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Gavin Y Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
- Developmental Cancer Therapeutics Program of Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
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27
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The Aurora kinase A inhibitor TC-A2317 disrupts mitotic progression and inhibits cancer cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84718-84735. [PMID: 27713168 PMCID: PMC5356694 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitotic progression is crucial for the maintenance of chromosomal stability. A proper progression is ensured by the activities of multiple kinases. One of these enzymes, the serine/threonine kinase Aurora A, is required for proper mitosis through the regulation of centrosome and spindle assembly. In this study, we functionally characterized a newly developed Aurora kinase A inhibitor, TC-A2317. In human lung cancer cells, TC-A2317 slowed proliferation by causing aberrant formation of centrosome and microtubule spindles and prolonging the duration of mitosis. Abnormal mitotic progression led to accumulation of cells containing micronuclei or multinuclei. Furthermore, TC-A2317–treated cells underwent apoptosis, autophagy or senescence depending on cell type. In addition, TC-A2317 inactivated the spindle assembly checkpoint triggered by paclitaxel, thereby exacerbating mitotic catastrophe. Consistent with this, the expression level of Aurora A in tumors was inversely correlated with survival in lung cancer patients. Collectively, these data suggest that inhibition of Aurora kinase A using TC-A2317 is a promising target for anti-cancer therapeutics.
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28
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Zumbar CT, Usubalieva A, King PD, Li X, Mifsud CS, Dalton HM, Sak M, Urio S, Bryant WM, McElroy JP, Farmer G, Lehman NL. The CNS penetrating taxane TPI 287 and the AURKA inhibitor alisertib induce synergistic apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. J Neurooncol 2018; 137:481-492. [PMID: 29396807 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly malignant disease in critical need of expanded treatment options. The AURKA inhibitor alisertib exhibits antiproliferative activity against glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Unlike current clinically used taxane drugs, the novel taxane TPI 287 penetrates the CNS. We tested for interactions between three selective AURKA inhibitors and TPI 287 against standard U87 and U1242 cells and primary glioblastoma neurospheres using colony formation assays. Bliss and Chou-Talalay analyses were utilized to statistically test for synergism. Morphological analysis, flow cytometry and annexin V binding were employed to examine cell cycle and apoptotic effects of these drug combinations. TPI 287 not only potentiated the cytotoxicity of the AURKA inhibitors alisertib, MLN8054 and TC-A2317, but was often potently synergistic. Morphologic and biochemical analysis of the combined effects of alisertib and TPI 287 consistently revealed synergistic induction of apoptosis. While each agent alone induces a mitotic block, slippage occurs allowing some tumor cells to avoid apoptosis. Combination treatment greatly attenuated mitotic slippage, committing the majority of cells to apoptosis. Alisertib and TPI 287 demonstrate significant synergism against glioblastoma cells largely attributable to a synergistic effect in inducing apoptosis. These results provide compelling rationale for clinical testing of alisertib and/or other AURKA inhibitors for potential combination use with TPI 287 against glioblastoma and other CNS neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory T Zumbar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S Hancock St, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Aisulu Usubalieva
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Paul D King
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Caroline S Mifsud
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hailey M Dalton
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Muge Sak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S Hancock St, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Sara Urio
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - William M Bryant
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Joseph P McElroy
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Norman L Lehman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S Hancock St, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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29
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Zhou X, Mould DR, Takubo T, Sheldon-Waniga E, Huebner D, Milton A, Venkatakrishnan K. Global population pharmacokinetics of the investigational Aurora A kinase inhibitor alisertib in cancer patients: rationale for lower dosage in Asia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 84:35-51. [PMID: 28891222 PMCID: PMC5736852 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted to describe quantitatively the regional differences and sources of interpatient variability on the apparent oral clearance of alisertib. Methods A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on data from 671 cancer patients in Western countries and in Japan/East Asia to whom alisertib 5–150 mg once or twice daily (b.i.d.) was administered in multiple dosing schedules. The final model was used to simulate alisertib pharmacokinetics in patients in the West and East Asian regions in the single‐agent schedule of 7 days of dosing in a 21‐day cycle. Exposure–safety relationships for mechanism‐related antiproliferative toxicities (neutropenia, mucositis and diarrhoea) were estimated by logistic regression. Results Alisertib pharmacokinetics were described by a two‐compartment model with four‐transit compartment absorption and linear elimination. The final model included a covariate effect of region on relative bioavailability, with patients in the East Asian region estimated to have a 52% higher bioavailability compared with Western patients. Population simulated exposure at 30 mg b.i.d. in patients in Asia was similar to that at 50 mg b.i.d. in Western patients [geometric mean (coefficient of variation) steady state area under the concentration‐time curve over the dosing interval (AUC(0–τ)): 21.4 μM.h (52.3%) and 24.1 μM.h (53.6%), respectively]. Exposure–AE relationships could be described for neutropenia, stomatitis and diarrhoea, supporting the lower dosage of alisertib in Asia for global clinical development. Conclusions Model‐based simulations support the achievement of similar alisertib exposures in patients in Asia who are administered a 40% lower dose compared with the Western population, thereby providing a quantitative clinical pharmacology bridging and regional dosing rationale for global drug development. What is Already Known about this Subject Alisertib is an Aurora kinase A inhibitor in development for haematological and nonhaematological malignancies. Ethnic differences may affect a medication's pharmacokinetics and benefit–risk profile, making quantitative clinical pharmacological characterization of these effects important, to optimize dosage in global drug development. The maximum tolerated dose of alisertib is 50 mg twice daily and 30 mg twice daily, respectively, in Western and East Asian patients.
What this Study Adds This study provided a global population pharmacokinetic model for alisertib that quantitatively describes the sources of interpatient variability in pharmacokinetics and estimates the effect of the East Asian region on the apparent oral clearance of this agent, to support appropriate dosing recommendations for global drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhou
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Emily Sheldon-Waniga
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dirk Huebner
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Karthik Venkatakrishnan
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, USA
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30
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Borisa AC, Bhatt HG. A comprehensive review on Aurora kinase: Small molecule inhibitors and clinical trial studies. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:1-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Regiospecific Synthesis of Ring A Fused Withaferin A Isoxazoline Analogues: Induction of Premature Senescence by W-2b in Proliferating Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13749. [PMID: 29062040 PMCID: PMC5653814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of premature senescence represents a novel functional strategy to curb the uncontrolled proliferation of malignant cancer cells. This study unveils the regiospecific synthesis of novel isoxazoline derivatives condensed to ring A of medicinal plant product Withaferin-A. Intriguingly, the cis fused products with β-oriented hydrogen exhibited excellent cytotoxic activities against proliferating human breast cancer MCF7 and colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells. The most potent derivative W-2b triggered premature senescence along with increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, G2/M cell cycle arrest, and induction of senescence-specific marker p21Waf1/Cip1 at its sub-toxic concentration. W-2b conferred a robust increase in phosphorylation of mammalian checkpoint kinase-2 (Chk2) in cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Silencing of endogenous Chk2 by siRNA divulged that the amplification of p21 expression and senescence by W-2b was Chk2-dependent. Chk2 activation (either by ectopic overexpression or through treatment with W-2b) suppressed NM23-H1 signaling axis involved in cancer cell proliferation. Finally, W-2b showed excellent in vivo efficacy with 83.8% inhibition of tumor growth at a dose of 25 mg/kg, b.w. in mouse mammary carcinoma model. Our study claims that W-2b could be a potential candidate to limit aberrant cellular proliferation rendering promising improvement in the treatment regime in cancer patients.
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32
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Korobeynikov V, Deneka AY, Golemis EA. Mechanisms for nonmitotic activation of Aurora-A at cilia. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:37-49. [PMID: 28202658 PMCID: PMC5860652 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is oncogenic in many tumors. Many studies of AURKA have focused on activities of this kinase in mitosis, and elucidated the mechanisms by which AURKA activity is induced at the G2/M boundary through interactions with proteins such as TPX2 and NEDD9. These studies have informed the development of small molecule inhibitors of AURKA, of which a number are currently under preclinical and clinical assessment. While the first activities defined for AURKA were its control of centrosomal maturation and organization of the mitotic spindle, an increasing number of studies over the past decade have recognized a separate biological function of AURKA, in controlling disassembly of the primary cilium, a small organelle protruding from the cell surface that serves as a signaling platform. Importantly, these activities require activation of AURKA in early G1, and the mechanisms of activation are much less well defined than those in mitosis. A better understanding of the control of AURKA activity and the role of AURKA at cilia are both important in optimizing the efficacy and interpreting potential downstream consequences of AURKA inhibitors in the clinic. We here provide a current overview of proteins and mechanisms that have been defined as activating AURKA in G1, based on the study of ciliary disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Korobeynikov
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, U.S.A
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, U.S.A
| | - Alexander Y Deneka
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, U.S.A
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420000, Russian Federation
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, U.S.A.
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Zauderer MG. Standard Chemotherapy Options and Clinical Trials of Novel Agents for Mesothelioma. ASBESTOS AND MESOTHELIOMA 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-53560-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Aurora A Kinase Inhibitor AKI603 Induces Cellular Senescence in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells Harboring T315I Mutation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35533. [PMID: 27824120 PMCID: PMC5099696 DOI: 10.1038/srep35533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of resistance to imatinib mediated by mutations in the BCR-ABL has become a major challenge in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Alternative therapeutic strategies to override imatinib-resistant CML are urgently needed. In this study, we investigated the effect of AKI603, a novel small molecule inhibitor of Aurora kinase A (AurA) to overcome resistance mediated by BCR-ABL-T315I mutation. Our results showed that AKI603 exhibited strong anti-proliferative activity in leukemic cells. AKI603 inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation capacities in imatinib-resistant CML cells by inducing cell cycle arrest with polyploidy accumulation. Surprisingly, inhibition of AurA by AKI603 induced leukemia cell senescence in both BCR-ABL wild type and T315I mutation cells. Furthermore, the induction of senescence was associated with enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Moreover, the anti-tumor effect of AKI603 was proved in the BALB/c nude mice KBM5-T315I xenograft model. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the small molecule AurA inhibitor AKI603 may be used to overcome drug resistance induced by BCR-ABL-T315I mutation in CML.
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Saneja A, Nayak D, Srinivas M, Kumar A, Khare V, Katoch A, Goswami A, Vishwakarma RA, Sawant SD, Gupta PN. Development and mechanistic insight into enhanced cytotoxic potential of hyaluronic acid conjugated nanoparticles in CD44 overexpressing cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 97:79-91. [PMID: 27989859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of CD44 in cancer cells reroutes number of oncogenic pathways including the central Pi3K/Akt/NF-kB pathway leading to cancer progression and malignancy. Herein, we developed hyaluronic acid-modified poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly (ethylene glycol) nanoparticles (PLGA-PEG-HA NPs) for targeted delivery of TTQ (thio-tetrazolyl analog of a clinical candidate, IC87114) to CD44 overexpressing cancer cells. The PLGA-PEG co-polymer was synthesized and characterized by NMR and FTIR. The co-polymer based nanoparticles were prepared by solvent evaporation method and hyaluronic acid (HA) was conjugated on to the nanoparticle surface via EDC/NHS chemistry. The PLGA-PEG-HA NPs had a desirable particle size (<200nm) with reduced polydispersibility and exhibited spherical shape under atomic force microscope (AFM). In vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies demonstrated higher cytotoxicity and enhanced intracellular accumulation of PLGA-PEG-HA NPs compared to PLGA-PEG NPs in high CD44 expressing MiaPaca-2 cells compared to MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells. At the molecular level, the PLGA-PEG-HA NPs were found to be inducing premature senescence with increase in senescence associated β-galactosidase activity and senescence specific marker p21 expression through modulation of Pi3K/Akt/NF-kB signaling pathway in MiaPaca-2 cells. These findings collectively indicated that HA-modified nanoparticles might serve as a promising nanocarrier for site-specific drug delivery, and can be explored further to increase the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs via targeting to CD44 over-expressing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Saneja
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India; Formulation & Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India; Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - M Srinivas
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Vaibhav Khare
- Formulation & Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Archana Katoch
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India; Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
| | - Ram A Vishwakarma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India; Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sanghapal D Sawant
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India; Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
| | - Prem N Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India; Formulation & Drug Delivery Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
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36
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Gan J, Wang F, Mu D, Qu Y, Luo R, Wang Q. RNA interference targeting Aurora-A sensitizes glioblastoma cells to temozolomide chemotherapy. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4515-4523. [PMID: 28105161 PMCID: PMC5228570 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically, temozolomide (TMZ) is widely used in glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. However, the toxicity of TMZ may influence the quality of patient life. Thus, novel treatment options for sensitizing GBM cells to TMZ chemotherapy are necessary. Aurora-A is widely expressed in GBM and correlated with poor prognosis. It has been proven to be an effective target for gene therapy and chemotherapy. In the present study, short hairpin (sh)RNA targeting Aurora-A was employed to knockdown Aurora-A expression in GBM cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, flow cytometry, colony formation assays, invasion assays and tube formation assays were used to determine the effects of Aurora-A knockdown when combined with TMZ treatment. A U251 subcutaneous cancer model was established to evaluate the efficacy of combined therapy. The results of the present study indicated that the proliferation, colony formation, invasion and angiogenesis of GBM cells were significantly inhibited by combined therapy when compared with TMZ treatment alone. In vivo results demonstrated that knockdown of Aurora-A significantly (P=0.0084) sensitizes GBM cells to TMZ chemotherapy. The results of the present study demonstrated that knockdown of Aurora-A in GBM cells enhances TMZ sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, Aurora-A knockdown may be a novel treatment option for decreasing TMZ toxicity and improving patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gan
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Yan M, Wang C, He B, Yang M, Tong M, Long Z, Liu B, Peng F, Xu L, Zhang Y, Liang D, Lei H, Subrata S, Kelley KW, Lam EWF, Jin B, Liu Q. Aurora-A Kinase: A Potent Oncogene and Target for Cancer Therapy. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:1036-1079. [PMID: 27406026 DOI: 10.1002/med.21399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Aurora kinase family is comprised of three serine/threonine kinases, Aurora-A, Aurora-B, and Aurora-C. Among these, Aurora-A and Aurora-B play central roles in mitosis, whereas Aurora-C executes unique roles in meiosis. Overexpression or gene amplification of Aurora kinases has been reported in a broad range of human malignancies, pointing to their role as potent oncogenes in tumorigenesis. Aurora kinases therefore represent promising targets for anticancer therapeutics. A number of Aurora kinase inhibitors (AKIs) have been generated; some of which are currently undergoing clinical evaluation. Recent studies have unveiled novel unexpected functions of Aurora kinases during cancer development and the mechanisms underlying the anticancer actions of AKIs. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances in Aurora-A kinase research and targeted cancer therapy, focusing on the oncogenic roles and signaling pathways of Aurora-A kinases in promoting tumorigenesis, the recent preclinical and clinical AKI data, and potential alternative routes for Aurora-A kinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengying Yang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mengying Tong
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zijie Long
- Institute of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dapeng Liang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haixin Lei
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sen Subrata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keith W Kelley
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Department of Animal Sciences, College of ACES, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bilian Jin
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Quentin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China. .,Institute of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Kozyreva VK, Kiseleva AA, Ice RJ, Jones BC, Loskutov YV, Matalkah F, Smolkin MB, Marinak K, Livengood RH, Salkeni MA, Wen S, Hazard HW, Layne GP, Walsh CM, Cantrell PS, Kilby GW, Mahavadi S, Shah N, Pugacheva EN. Combination of Eribulin and Aurora A Inhibitor MLN8237 Prevents Metastatic Colonization and Induces Cytotoxic Autophagy in Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1809-22. [PMID: 27235164 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that the inhibition of Aurora A (AURKA) kinase may offer a novel treatment strategy against metastatic cancers. In the current study, we determined the effects of AURKA inhibition by the small molecule inhibitor MLN8237 both as a monotherapy and in combination with the microtubule-targeting drug eribulin on different stages of metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and defined the potential mechanism of its action. MLN8237 as a single agent and in combination with eribulin affected multiple steps in the metastatic process, including migration, attachment, and proliferation in distant organs, resulting in suppression of metastatic colonization and recurrence of cancer. Eribulin application induces accumulation of active AURKA in TNBC cells, providing foundation for the combination therapy. Mechanistically, AURKA inhibition induces cytotoxic autophagy via activation of the LC3B/p62 axis and inhibition of pAKT, leading to eradication of metastases, but has no effect on growth of mammary tumor. Combination of MLN8237 with eribulin leads to a synergistic increase in apoptosis in mammary tumors, as well as cytotoxic autophagy in metastases. These preclinical data provide a new understanding of the mechanisms by which MLN8237 mediates its antimetastatic effects and advocates for its combination with eribulin in future clinical trials for metastatic breast cancer and early-stage solid tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1809-22. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara K Kozyreva
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Anna A Kiseleva
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Tatarstan
| | - Ryan J Ice
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Brandon C Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Yuriy V Loskutov
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Fatimah Matalkah
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Matthew B Smolkin
- Department of Pathology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Kristina Marinak
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ryan H Livengood
- Department of Pathology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Mohamad A Salkeni
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia. Department of Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Sijin Wen
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia. Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Hannah W Hazard
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia. Department of Surgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ginger P Layne
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia. Department of Radiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | | | | | - Greg W Kilby
- Protea Biosciences, Inc., Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Sricharan Mahavadi
- INBRE Program, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Neal Shah
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Elena N Pugacheva
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia. Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.
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39
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The Aurora kinase inhibitors in cancer research and therapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:1995-2012. [PMID: 26932147 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Compounds that affect enzymatic function of kinases are valuable for the understanding of the complex biochemical processes in cells. Aurora kinases (AURKs) play a key role in the control of the mitosis. These kinases are frequently deregulated in different human cancers: overexpression, amplifications, translocations and deletions were reported in many cancer cell lines as well as patient tissues. These findings steered a rigorous hunt for small-molecule AURK inhibitors not only for research purposes as well as for therapeutic uses. In this review, we describe a number of AURK inhibitors and their use in cancer research and/or therapy. We hope to assist researchers and clinicians in deciding which inhibitor is most appropriate for their specific purpose. The review will also provide a broad overview of the clinical studies performed with some of these inhibitors (if such studies have been performed).
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40
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Vilgelm AE, Johnson CA, Prasad N, Yang J, Chen SC, Ayers GD, Pawlikowski JS, Raman D, Sosman JA, Kelley M, Ecsedy JA, Shyr Y, Levy SE, Richmond A. Connecting the Dots: Therapy-Induced Senescence and a Tumor-Suppressive Immune Microenvironment. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 108:djv406. [PMID: 26719346 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cell senescence is a common outcome of anticancer therapy. Here we investigated how therapy-induced senescence (TIS) affects tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) and the efficacy of immunotherapy in melanoma. METHODS Tumor senescence was induced by AURKA or CDK4/6 inhibitors (AURKAi, CDK4/6i). Transcriptomes of six mouse tumors with differential response to AURKAi were analyzed by RNA sequencing, and TILs were characterized by flow cytometry. Chemokine RNA and protein expression were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Therapeutic response was queried in immunodeficient mice, in mice with CCL5-deficient tumors, and in mice cotreated with CD137 agonist to activate TILs. CCL5 expression in reference to TIS and markers of TILs was studied in human melanoma tumors using patient-derived xenografts (n = 3 patients, n = 3 mice each), in AURKAi clinical trial samples (n = 3 patients, before/after therapy), and in The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 278). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS AURKAi response was associated with induction of the immune transcriptome (P = 3.5 x 10-29) while resistance inversely correlated with TIL numbers (Spearman r = -0.87, P < .001). AURKAi and CDK4/6i promoted the recruitment of TILs by inducing CCL5 secretion in melanoma cells (P ≤ .005) in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Therapeutic response to AURKAi was impaired in immunodeficient compared with immunocompetent mice (0% vs 67% tumors regressed, P = .01) and in mice bearing CCL5-deficient vs control tumors (P = .61 vs P = .02); however, AURKAi response was greatly enhanced in mice also receiving T-cell-activating immunotherapy (P < .001). In human tumors, CCL5 expression was also induced by AURKAi (P ≤ .02) and CDK4/6i (P = .01) and was associated with increased immune marker expression (P = 1.40 x 10-93). CONCLUSIONS Senescent melanoma cells secret CCL5, which promotes recruitment of TILs. Combining TIS with immunotherapy that enhances tumor cell killing by TILs is a promising novel approach to improve melanoma outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Vilgelm
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN (AEV, CAJ, JY, JSP, DR, AR); Department of Cancer Biology (AEV, AJ, JY, SCC, JSP, DR, AR), Center for Quantitative Sciences (SCC), Division of Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics (GDA, YS), Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (JAS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama (NP, SEL); Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (MK); Translational Medicine, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA (JAE).
| | - C Andrew Johnson
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN (AEV, CAJ, JY, JSP, DR, AR); Department of Cancer Biology (AEV, AJ, JY, SCC, JSP, DR, AR), Center for Quantitative Sciences (SCC), Division of Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics (GDA, YS), Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (JAS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama (NP, SEL); Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (MK); Translational Medicine, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA (JAE)
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN (AEV, CAJ, JY, JSP, DR, AR); Department of Cancer Biology (AEV, AJ, JY, SCC, JSP, DR, AR), Center for Quantitative Sciences (SCC), Division of Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics (GDA, YS), Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (JAS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama (NP, SEL); Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (MK); Translational Medicine, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA (JAE)
| | - Jinming Yang
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN (AEV, CAJ, JY, JSP, DR, AR); Department of Cancer Biology (AEV, AJ, JY, SCC, JSP, DR, AR), Center for Quantitative Sciences (SCC), Division of Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics (GDA, YS), Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (JAS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama (NP, SEL); Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (MK); Translational Medicine, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA (JAE)
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN (AEV, CAJ, JY, JSP, DR, AR); Department of Cancer Biology (AEV, AJ, JY, SCC, JSP, DR, AR), Center for Quantitative Sciences (SCC), Division of Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics (GDA, YS), Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (JAS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama (NP, SEL); Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (MK); Translational Medicine, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA (JAE)
| | - Gregory D Ayers
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN (AEV, CAJ, JY, JSP, DR, AR); Department of Cancer Biology (AEV, AJ, JY, SCC, JSP, DR, AR), Center for Quantitative Sciences (SCC), Division of Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics (GDA, YS), Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (JAS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama (NP, SEL); Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (MK); Translational Medicine, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA (JAE)
| | - Jeff S Pawlikowski
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN (AEV, CAJ, JY, JSP, DR, AR); Department of Cancer Biology (AEV, AJ, JY, SCC, JSP, DR, AR), Center for Quantitative Sciences (SCC), Division of Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics (GDA, YS), Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (JAS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama (NP, SEL); Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (MK); Translational Medicine, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA (JAE)
| | - Dayanidhi Raman
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN (AEV, CAJ, JY, JSP, DR, AR); Department of Cancer Biology (AEV, AJ, JY, SCC, JSP, DR, AR), Center for Quantitative Sciences (SCC), Division of Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics (GDA, YS), Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (JAS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama (NP, SEL); Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (MK); Translational Medicine, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA (JAE)
| | - Jeffrey A Sosman
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN (AEV, CAJ, JY, JSP, DR, AR); Department of Cancer Biology (AEV, AJ, JY, SCC, JSP, DR, AR), Center for Quantitative Sciences (SCC), Division of Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics (GDA, YS), Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (JAS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama (NP, SEL); Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (MK); Translational Medicine, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA (JAE)
| | - Mark Kelley
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN (AEV, CAJ, JY, JSP, DR, AR); Department of Cancer Biology (AEV, AJ, JY, SCC, JSP, DR, AR), Center for Quantitative Sciences (SCC), Division of Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics (GDA, YS), Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (JAS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama (NP, SEL); Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (MK); Translational Medicine, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA (JAE)
| | - Jeffrey A Ecsedy
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN (AEV, CAJ, JY, JSP, DR, AR); Department of Cancer Biology (AEV, AJ, JY, SCC, JSP, DR, AR), Center for Quantitative Sciences (SCC), Division of Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics (GDA, YS), Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (JAS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama (NP, SEL); Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (MK); Translational Medicine, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA (JAE)
| | - Yu Shyr
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN (AEV, CAJ, JY, JSP, DR, AR); Department of Cancer Biology (AEV, AJ, JY, SCC, JSP, DR, AR), Center for Quantitative Sciences (SCC), Division of Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics (GDA, YS), Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (JAS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama (NP, SEL); Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (MK); Translational Medicine, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA (JAE)
| | - Shawn E Levy
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN (AEV, CAJ, JY, JSP, DR, AR); Department of Cancer Biology (AEV, AJ, JY, SCC, JSP, DR, AR), Center for Quantitative Sciences (SCC), Division of Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics (GDA, YS), Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (JAS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama (NP, SEL); Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (MK); Translational Medicine, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA (JAE)
| | - Ann Richmond
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN (AEV, CAJ, JY, JSP, DR, AR); Department of Cancer Biology (AEV, AJ, JY, SCC, JSP, DR, AR), Center for Quantitative Sciences (SCC), Division of Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics (GDA, YS), Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine (JAS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama (NP, SEL); Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (MK); Translational Medicine, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA (JAE)
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de Groot CO, Hsia JE, Anzola JV, Motamedi A, Yoon M, Wong YL, Jenkins D, Lee HJ, Martinez MB, Davis RL, Gahman TC, Desai A, Shiau AK. A Cell Biologist's Field Guide to Aurora Kinase Inhibitors. Front Oncol 2015; 5:285. [PMID: 26732741 PMCID: PMC4685510 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinases are essential for cell division and are frequently misregulated in human cancers. Based on their potential as cancer therapeutics, a plethora of small molecule Aurora kinase inhibitors have been developed, with a subset having been adopted as tools in cell biology. Here, we fill a gap in the characterization of Aurora kinase inhibitors by using biochemical and cell-based assays to systematically profile a panel of 10 commercially available compounds with reported selectivity for Aurora A (MLN8054, MLN8237, MK-5108, MK-8745, Genentech Aurora Inhibitor 1), Aurora B (Hesperadin, ZM447439, AZD1152-HQPA, GSK1070916), or Aurora A/B (VX-680). We quantify the in vitro effect of each inhibitor on the activity of Aurora A alone, as well as Aurora A and Aurora B bound to fragments of their activators, TPX2 and INCENP, respectively. We also report kinome profiling results for a subset of these compounds to highlight potential off-target effects. In a cellular context, we demonstrate that immunofluorescence-based detection of LATS2 and histone H3 phospho-epitopes provides a facile and reliable means to assess potency and specificity of Aurora A versus Aurora B inhibition, and that G2 duration measured in a live imaging assay is a specific readout of Aurora A activity. Our analysis also highlights variation between HeLa, U2OS, and hTERT-RPE1 cells that impacts selective Aurora A inhibition. For Aurora B, all four tested compounds exhibit excellent selectivity and do not significantly inhibit Aurora A at effective doses. For Aurora A, MK-5108 and MK-8745 are significantly more selective than the commonly used inhibitors MLN8054 and MLN8237. A crystal structure of an Aurora A/MK-5108 complex that we determined suggests the chemical basis for this higher specificity. Taken together, our quantitative biochemical and cell-based analyses indicate that AZD1152-HQPA and MK-8745 are the best current tools for selectively inhibiting Aurora B and Aurora A, respectively. However, MK-8745 is not nearly as ideal as AZD1152-HQPA in that it requires high concentrations to achieve full inhibition in a cellular context, indicating a need for more potent Aurora A-selective inhibitors. We conclude with a set of “good practice” guidelines for the use of Aurora inhibitors in cell biology experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian O de Groot
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Judy E Hsia
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - John V Anzola
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Amir Motamedi
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Michelle Yoon
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Yao Liang Wong
- Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Jenkins
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Hyun J Lee
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Mallory B Martinez
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Robert L Davis
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Timothy C Gahman
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Arshad Desai
- Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew K Shiau
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , La Jolla, CA , USA
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H3S10 phosphorylation-mediated transcriptional regulation by Aurora kinase A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 469:22-28. [PMID: 26607113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Histone H3S10 phosphorylation has been known as a cell cycle-specific marker and has a role in transcriptional activation. Various kinases phosphorylate H3S10 in different species, however, the role of the mitotic serine/threonine protein kinase Aurora A (AURKA) is largely unknown. Here we present evidence that AURKA phosphorylates H3S10 and activates target gene transcription. We show that down-regulation of AURKA level during leukemia cell differentiation results in decreased H3S10 phosphorylation level. We further show that AURKA is recruited to target gene promoters and activates transcription via H3S10 phosphorylation. Furthermore, this recruitment can be disrupted by the AURKA inhibitor Alisertib and results in H3K9-me2 recruitment by G9a.
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Sadaie M, Dillon C, Narita M, Young ARJ, Cairney CJ, Godwin LS, Torrance CJ, Bennett DC, Keith WN, Narita M. Cell-based screen for altered nuclear phenotypes reveals senescence progression in polyploid cells after Aurora kinase B inhibition. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:2971-85. [PMID: 26133385 PMCID: PMC4551313 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-01-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a widespread stress response and is widely considered to be an alternative cancer therapeutic goal. Unlike apoptosis, senescence is composed of a diverse set of subphenotypes, depending on which of its associated effector programs are engaged. Here we establish a simple and sensitive cell-based prosenescence screen with detailed validation assays. We characterize the screen using a focused tool compound kinase inhibitor library. We identify a series of compounds that induce different types of senescence, including a unique phenotype associated with irregularly shaped nuclei and the progressive accumulation of G1 tetraploidy in human diploid fibroblasts. Downstream analyses show that all of the compounds that induce tetraploid senescence inhibit Aurora kinase B (AURKB). AURKB is the catalytic component of the chromosome passenger complex, which is involved in correct chromosome alignment and segregation, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. Although aberrant mitosis and senescence have been linked, a specific characterization of AURKB in the context of senescence is still required. This proof-of-principle study suggests that our protocol is capable of amplifying tetraploid senescence, which can be observed in only a small population of oncogenic RAS-induced senescence, and provides additional justification for AURKB as a cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahito Sadaie
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Dillon
- Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Masashi Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. J. Young
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Claire J. Cairney
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren S. Godwin
- St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - W. Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Masashi Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
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Phase 1 study of the investigational Aurora A kinase inhibitor alisertib (MLN8237) in East Asian cancer patients: pharmacokinetics and recommended phase 2 dose. Invest New Drugs 2015; 33:942-53. [PMID: 26084989 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase 1 study assessed the pharmacokinetics (PK), maximum tolerated dose (MTD)/recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), safety, and preliminary efficacy of the investigational Aurora A kinase inhibitor, alisertib, in East Asian patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received alisertib twice-daily (BID) for 7 days in 21-day cycles. Doses were escalated (3 + 3) from 30 mg BID based on cycle 1 dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) until the MTD, followed by expansion for PK/safety characterization. RESULTS Thirty-six patients (61 % Chinese, 36 % Korean, 3 % Malay) received alisertib (30 mg BID, n = 30; 40 mg BID, n = 6; median, 2.5 cycles). Alisertib exposures increased approximately dose proportionally, and mean half-life was 16 h. Geometric mean apparent oral clearance (2.65 L/h) was 40 % lower than previous estimates in Western patients, resulting in approximately 70 % higher mean dose-normalized, steady-state exposures (735 nM*h/mg) in East Asian patients. Two patients experienced DLTs at 40 mg BID (grade 3 stomatitis; grade 4 neutropenia); the MTD/RP2D was 30 mg BID. Common toxicities (grade ≥3 at RP2D) were neutropenia (50 %), diarrhea (13 %), and stomatitis (10 %). One patient with extranodal T-/NK-cell lymphoma (nasal type) achieved a partial response and 18 (51 %) had stable disease. CONCLUSION The MTD/RP2D of alisertib in East Asian patients (30 mg BID) was lower than in Western patients (50 mg BID), consistent with higher systemic exposures in the East Asian population. Alisertib was generally well tolerated and showed signs of antitumor activity in East Asian cancer patients.
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Vincenzi B, Imperatori M, Silletta M, Marrucci E, Santini D, Tonini G. Emerging kinase inhibitors of the treatment of gastric cancer. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2015; 20:479-93. [PMID: 26021342 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2015.1051467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world. In the last years, for the first time in literature, the addition of a targeted therapy to standard chemotherapy has proved to prolong median overall survival. In this scenario, kinase inhibitors (KIs), smaller intracellular agents, could be an interesting and novel type of targeted treatment of metastatic GC both in first and further lines of therapy. AREAS COVERED Several KI have been evaluated in the preclinical setting. This review will underline the most relevant targeted pathways involved in GC tumorigenesis and disease progression including EGFR, VEGFR, c-MET, mTOR, fibroblast growth factor receptor, Src and Aurora kinases. EXPERT OPINION Despite the good results of TOGA, RAINBOW and REGARD trials about the addition of monoclonal antibodies to standard of care in GC, the addition of KI seems not to achieve comparable interesting results in management of GC. However, an improved patient selection before and during treatment according to molecular characteristics, as well as combination studies evaluating the synergistic effect of combination schedules of different KIs and standard chemotherapy, or KI plus KI or KI plus antibodies-based therapy may reveal interesting results and lead to understand mechanisms of multi-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vincenzi
- a University Campus Biomedico - Medical Oncology , Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome 00128, Italy
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Katsha A, Belkhiri A, Goff L, El-Rifai W. Aurora kinase A in gastrointestinal cancers: time to target. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:106. [PMID: 25987188 PMCID: PMC4436812 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a major cause of cancer-related deaths. During the last two decades, several studies have shown amplification and overexpression of Aurora kinase A (AURKA) in several GI malignancies. These studies demonstrated that AURKA not only plays a role in regulating cell cycle and mitosis, but also regulates a number of key oncogenic signaling pathways. Although AURKA inhibitors have moved to phase III clinical trials in lymphomas, there has been slower progress in GI cancers and solid tumors. Ongoing clinical trials testing AURKA inhibitors as a single agent or in combination with conventional chemotherapies are expected to provide important clinical information for targeting AURKA in GI cancers. It is, therefore, imperative to consider investigations of molecular determinants of response and resistance to this class of inhibitors. This will improve evaluation of the efficacy of these drugs and establish biomarker based strategies for enrollment into clinical trials, which hold the future direction for personalized cancer therapy. In this review, we will discuss the available data on AURKA in GI cancers. We will also summarize the major AURKA inhibitors that have been developed and tested in pre-clinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Katsha
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 760 PRB, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 37232-6308, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Abbes Belkhiri
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 760 PRB, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 37232-6308, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Laura Goff
- Department of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 760 PRB, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 37232-6308, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Tentler JJ, Ionkina AA, Tan AC, Newton TP, Pitts TM, Glogowska MJ, Kabos P, Sartorius CA, Sullivan KD, Espinosa JM, Eckhardt SG, Diamond JR. p53 Family Members Regulate Phenotypic Response to Aurora Kinase A Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1117-29. [PMID: 25758253 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0538-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Advances in the treatment of TNBC have been hampered by the lack of novel effective targeted therapies. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of targeting Aurora kinase A (AurA), a key regulator of mitosis, in TNBC models. A secondary objective was to determine the role of the p53 family of transcriptional regulators, commonly mutated in TNBC, in determining the phenotypic response to the AurA inhibitor alisertib (MLN8237). Alisertib exhibited potent antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity in a subset of TNBC models. The induction of apoptosis in response to alisertib exposure was dependent on p53 and p73 activity. In the absence of functional p53 or p73, there was a shift in the phenotypic response following alisertib exposure from apoptosis to cellular senescence. In addition, senescence was observed in patient-derived tumor xenografts with acquired resistance to alisertib treatment. AurA inhibitors are a promising class of novel therapeutics in TNBC. The role of p53 and p73 in mediating the phenotypic response to antimitotic agents in TNBC may be harnessed to develop an effective biomarker selection strategy in this difficult to target disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Tentler
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anastasia A Ionkina
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Timothy P Newton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Todd M Pitts
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Magdalena J Glogowska
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter Kabos
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carol A Sartorius
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - S Gail Eckhardt
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer R Diamond
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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Lan L, Holland JD, Qi J, Grosskopf S, Rademann J, Vogel R, Györffy B, Wulf-Goldenberg A, Birchmeier W. Shp2 signaling suppresses senescence in PyMT-induced mammary gland cancer in mice. EMBO J 2015; 34:1493-508. [PMID: 25736378 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201489004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have used techniques from cell biology, biochemistry, and genetics to investigate the role of the tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 in tumor cells of MMTV-PyMT mouse mammary glands. Genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of Shp2 induces senescence, as determined by the activation of senescence-associated β-gal (SA-β-gal), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27), p53, and histone 3 trimethylated lysine 9 (H3K9me3). Senescence induction leads to the inhibition of self-renewal of tumor cells and blockage of tumor formation and growth. A signaling cascade was identified that acts downstream of Shp2 to counter senescence: Src, focal adhesion kinase, and Map kinase inhibit senescence by activating the expression of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), Aurora kinase A (Aurka), and the Notch ligand Delta-like 1 (Dll1), which block p27 and p53. Remarkably, the expression of Shp2 and of selected target genes predicts human breast cancer outcome. We conclude that therapies, which rely on senescence induction by inhibiting Shp2 or controlling its target gene products, may be useful in blocking breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiang Lan
- Cancer Research Program, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jane D Holland
- Cancer Research Program, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jingjing Qi
- Cancer Research Program, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Grosskopf
- Cancer Research Program, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Regina Vogel
- Cancer Research Program, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Balázs Györffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary 2 Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Walter Birchmeier
- Cancer Research Program, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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Yuan CX, Zhou ZW, Yang YX, He ZX, Zhang X, Wang D, Yang T, Wang NJ, Zhao RJ, Zhou SF. Inhibition of mitotic Aurora kinase A by alisertib induces apoptosis and autophagy of human gastric cancer AGS and NCI-N78 cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:487-508. [PMID: 25609923 PMCID: PMC4298344 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s74127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers and responds poorly to current chemotherapy. Alisertib (ALS) is a second-generation, orally bioavailable, highly selective small-molecule inhibitor of the serine/threonine protein kinase Aurora kinase A (AURKA). ALS has been shown to have potent anticancer effects in preclinical and clinical studies, but its role in gastric cancer treatment is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the cancer cell-killing effect of ALS on gastric cancer cell lines AGS and NCI-N78, with a focus on cell proliferation, cell-cycle distribution, apoptosis, and autophagy and the mechanism of action. The results showed that ALS exhibited potent growth-inhibitory, proapoptotic, and proautophagic effects on AGS and NCI-N78 cells. ALS concentration-dependently inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell-cycle arrest at G2/M phase in both cell lines, with a downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and cyclin B1 expression but upregulation of p21 Waf1/Cip1, p27 Kip1, and p53 expression. ALS induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in both AGS and NCI-N78 cells. ALS induced the expression of proapoptotic proteins but inhibited the expression of antiapoptotic proteins, with a significant increase in the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3 in both cell lines. ALS induced inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways while activating the 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway as indicated by their altered phosphorylation, contributing to the proautophagic effects of ALS. SB202191 and wortmannin enhanced the autophagy-inducing effect of ALS in AGS and NCI-N78 cells. Notably, ALS treatment significantly decreased the ratio of phosphorylated AURKA over AURKA, which may contribute, at least in part, to the inducing effects of ALS on cell-cycle arrest and autophagy in AGS and NCI-N78 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that ALS exerts a potent inhibitory effect on cell proliferation but inducing effects on cell-cycle arrest, mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, and autophagy with the involvement of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, p38 MAPK, and AURKA-mediated signaling pathways in AGS and NCI-N78 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiu Yuan
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA ; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Xue Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xu He
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxing Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ning-Ju Wang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruan Jin Zhao
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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50
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Ferrocifen derivatives that induce senescence in cancer cells: selected examples. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 141:144-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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