1
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Wang J, Sadeghi CA, Frock RL. DNA-PKcs suppresses illegitimate chromosome rearrangements. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:5048-5066. [PMID: 38412274 PMCID: PMC11109964 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Two DNA repair pathways, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and alternative end joining (A-EJ), are involved in V(D)J recombination and chromosome translocation. Previous studies reported distinct repair mechanisms for chromosome translocation, with NHEJ involved in humans and A-EJ in mice predominantly. NHEJ depends on DNA-PKcs, a critical partner in synapsis formation and downstream component activation. While DNA-PKcs inhibition promotes chromosome translocations harboring microhomologies in mice, its synonymous effect in humans is not known. We find partial DNA-PKcs inhibition in human cells leads to increased translocations and the continued involvement of a dampened NHEJ. In contrast, complete DNA-PKcs inhibition substantially increased microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ), thus bridging the two different translocation mechanisms between human and mice. Similar to a previous study on Ku70 deletion, DNA-PKcs deletion in G1/G0-phase mouse progenitor B cell lines, significantly impairs V(D)J recombination and generated higher rates of translocations as a consequence of dysregulated coding and signal end joining. Genetic DNA-PKcs inhibition suppresses NHEJ entirely, with repair phenotypically resembling Ku70-deficient A-EJ. In contrast, we find DNA-PKcs necessary in generating the near-exclusive MMEJ associated with Lig4 deficiency. Our study underscores DNA-PKcs in suppressing illegitimate chromosome rearrangement while also contributing to MMEJ in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Wang
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cheyenne A Sadeghi
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Richard L Frock
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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2
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Sallmyr A, Bhandari SK, Naila T, Tomkinson AE. Mammalian DNA ligases; roles in maintaining genome integrity. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168276. [PMID: 37714297 PMCID: PMC10843057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The joining of breaks in the DNA phosphodiester backbone is essential for genome integrity. Breaks are generated during normal processes such as DNA replication, cytosine demethylation during differentiation, gene rearrangement in the immune system and germ cell development. In addition, they are generated either directly by a DNA damaging agent or indirectly due to damage excision during repair. Breaks are joined by a DNA ligase that catalyzes phosphodiester bond formation at DNA nicks with 3' hydroxyl and 5' phosphate termini. Three human genes encode ATP-dependent DNA ligases. These enzymes have a conserved catalytic core consisting of three subdomains that encircle nicked duplex DNA during ligation. The DNA ligases are targeted to different nuclear DNA transactions by specific protein-protein interactions. Both DNA ligase IIIα and DNA ligase IV form stable complexes with DNA repair proteins, XRCC1 and XRCC4, respectively. There is functional redundancy between DNA ligase I and DNA ligase IIIα in DNA replication, excision repair and single-strand break repair. Although DNA ligase IV is a core component of the major double-strand break repair pathway, non-homologous end joining, the other enzymes participate in minor, alternative double-strand break repair pathways. In contrast to the nucleus, only DNA ligase IIIα is present in mitochondria and is essential for maintaining the mitochondrial genome. Human immunodeficiency syndromes caused by mutations in either LIG1 or LIG4 have been described. Preclinical studies with DNA ligase inhibitors have identified potentially targetable abnormalities in cancer cells and evidence that DNA ligases are potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annahita Sallmyr
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Departments of Internal Medicine, and Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, United States
| | - Seema Khattri Bhandari
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Departments of Internal Medicine, and Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, United States
| | - Tasmin Naila
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Departments of Internal Medicine, and Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, United States
| | - Alan E Tomkinson
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Departments of Internal Medicine, and Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, United States.
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3
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Magrath JW, Flinchum DA, Hartono AB, Goldberg IN, Espinosa-Cotton M, Moroz K, Cheung NKV, Lee SB. Genomic Breakpoint Characterization and Transcriptome Analysis of Metastatic, Recurrent Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor. Sarcoma 2023; 2023:6686702. [PMID: 37457440 PMCID: PMC10344636 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6686702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare pediatric cancer caused by the EWSR1-WT1 fusion oncogene. Despite initial response to chemotherapy, DSRCT has a recurrence rate of over 80% leading to poor patient prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of only 15-25%. Owing to the rarity of DSRCT, sample scarcity is a barrier in understanding DSRCT biology and developing effective therapies. Utilizing a novel pair of primary and recurrent DSRCTs, we present the first map of DSRCT genomic breakpoints and the first comparison of gene expression alterations between primary and recurrent DSRCT. Our genomic breakpoint map includes the lone previously published DSRCT genomic breakpoint, the breakpoint from our novel primary/recurrent DSRCT pair, as well as the breakpoints of five available DSRCT cell lines and five additional DSRCTs. All mapped breakpoints were unique and most breakpoints included a 1-3 base pair microhomology suggesting microhomology-mediated end-joining as the mechanism of translocation fusion and providing novel insights into the etiology of DSRCT. Through RNA-sequencing analysis, we identified altered genes and pathways between primary and recurrent DSRCTs. Upregulated pathways in the recurrent tumor included several DNA repair and mRNA splicing-related pathways, while downregulated pathways included immune system function and focal adhesion. We further found higher expression of the EWSR1-WT1 upregulated gene set in the recurrent tumor as compared to the primary tumor and lower expression of the EWSR1-WT1 downregulated gene set, suggesting the EWSR1-WT1 fusion continues to play a prominent role in recurrent tumors. The identified pathways including upregulation of DNA repair and downregulation of immune system function may help explain DSRCT's high rate of recurrence and can be utilized to improve the understanding of DSRCT biology and identify novel therapies to both help prevent recurrence and treat recurrent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W. Magrath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave. New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Dane A. Flinchum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave. New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alifiani B. Hartono
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave. New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ilon N. Goldberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave. New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Krzysztof Moroz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave. New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nai-Kong V. Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean B. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave. New Orleans, LA, USA
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4
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Ando K, Suenaga Y, Kamijo T. DNA Ligase 4 Contributes to Cell Proliferation against DNA-PK Inhibition in MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastoma IMR32 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109012. [PMID: 37240360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the vulnerability of altered DNA repair machinery that displays synthetic lethality with MYCN amplification is a therapeutic rationale in unfavourable neuroblastoma. However, none of the inhibitors for DNA repair proteins are established as standard therapy in neuroblastoma. Here, we investigated whether DNA-PK inhibitor (DNA-PKi) could inhibit the proliferation of spheroids derived from neuroblastomas of MYCN transgenic mice and MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines. DNA-PKi exhibited an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of MYCN-driven neuroblastoma spheroids, whereas variable sensitivity was observed in those cell lines. Among them, the accelerated proliferation of IMR32 cells was dependent on DNA ligase 4 (LIG4), which comprises the canonical non-homologous end-joining pathway of DNA repair. Notably, LIG4 was identified as one of the worst prognostic factors in patients with MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas. It may play complementary roles in DNA-PK deficiency, suggesting the therapeutic potential of LIG4 inhibition in combination with DNA-PKi for MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas to overcome resistance to multimodal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiro Ando
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suenaga
- Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Takehiko Kamijo
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
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5
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Jiang Y. Contribution of Microhomology to Genome Instability: Connection between DNA Repair and Replication Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12937. [PMID: 36361724 PMCID: PMC9657218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) is a highly mutagenic pathway to repair double-strand breaks (DSBs). MMEJ was thought to be a backup pathway of homologous recombination (HR) and canonical nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ). However, it attracts more attention in cancer research due to its special function of microhomology in many different aspects of cancer. In particular, it is initiated with DNA end resection and upregulated in homologous recombination-deficient cancers. In this review, I summarize the following: (1) the recent findings and contributions of MMEJ to genome instability, including phenotypes relevant to MMEJ; (2) the interaction between MMEJ and other DNA repair pathways; (3) the proposed mechanistic model of MMEJ in DNA DSB repair and a new connection with microhomology-mediated break-induced replication (MMBIR); and (4) the potential clinical application by targeting MMEJ based on synthetic lethality for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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6
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Caracciolo D, Juli G, Riillo C, Coricello A, Vasile F, Pollastri S, Rocca R, Scionti F, Polerà N, Grillone K, Arbitrio M, Staropoli N, Caparello B, Britti D, Loprete G, Costa G, Di Martino MT, Alcaro S, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. Exploiting DNA Ligase III addiction of multiple myeloma by flavonoid Rhamnetin. Lab Invest 2022; 20:482. [PMID: 36273153 PMCID: PMC9588242 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background DNA ligases are crucial for DNA repair and cell replication since they catalyze the final steps in which DNA breaks are joined. DNA Ligase III (LIG3) exerts a pivotal role in Alternative-Non-Homologous End Joining Repair (Alt-NHEJ), an error-prone DNA repair pathway often up-regulated in genomically unstable cancer, such as Multiple Myeloma (MM). Based on the three-dimensional (3D) LIG3 structure, we performed a computational screening to identify LIG3-targeting natural compounds as potential candidates to counteract Alt-NHEJ activity in MM. Methods Virtual screening was conducted by interrogating the Phenol Explorer database. Validation of binding to LIG3 recombinant protein was performed by Saturation Transfer Difference (STD)—nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. Cell viability was analyzed by Cell Titer-Glo assay; apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis following Annexin V-7AAD staining. Alt-NHEJ repair modulation was evaluated using plasmid re-joining assay and Cytoscan HD. DNA Damage Response protein levels were analyzed by Western blot of whole and fractionated protein extracts and immunofluorescence analysis. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number was determined by qPCR. In vivo activity was evaluated in NOD-SCID mice subcutaneously engrafted with MM cells. Results Here, we provide evidence that a natural flavonoid Rhamnetin (RHM), selected by a computational approach, counteracts LIG3 activity and killed Alt-NHEJ-dependent MM cells. Indeed, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) showed binding of RHM to LIG3 protein and functional experiments revealed that RHM interferes with LIG3-driven nuclear and mitochondrial DNA repair, leading to significant anti-MM activity in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Taken together, our findings provide proof of concept that RHM targets LIG3 addiction in MM and may represent therefore a novel promising anti-tumor natural agent to be investigated in an early clinical setting. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03705-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caracciolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giada Juli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Riillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Adriana Coricello
- Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy.,Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Magna Græcia University, Campus "Salvatore Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Sara Pollastri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Rocca
- Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy.,Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Magna Græcia University, Campus "Salvatore Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Scionti
- Institute of Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), Italian National Council (CNR), Messina, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Polerà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Katia Grillone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- Institute of Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), Italian National Council (CNR), Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Basilio Caparello
- Presidio Ospedaliero Giovanni Paolo II Lamezia Terme, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Loprete
- Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy.,Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Magna Græcia University, Campus "Salvatore Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy.,Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Magna Græcia University, Campus "Salvatore Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy. .,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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7
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Chromosomal Instability in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Mechanistic Insights and Effects. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102533. [PMID: 35626137 PMCID: PMC9140097 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The most recent two decades have seen tremendous progress in the understanding and treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, a disease defined by the characteristic Philadelphia chromosome and the ensuing BCR::ABL fusion protein. However, the biology of the disease extends beyond the Philadelphia chromosome into a nebulous arena of chromosomal and genetic instability, which makes it a genetically heterogeneous disease. The BCR::ABL oncoprotein creates a fertile backdrop for oxidative damage to the DNA, along with impairment of genetic surveillance and the favoring of imprecise error-prone DNA repair pathways. These factors lead to growing chromosomal instability, manifested as additional chromosomal abnormalities along with other genetic aberrations. This worsens with disease progression to accelerated and blast phase, and modulates responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Treatment options that target the genetic aberrations that mitigate chromosome instability might be a potential area for research in patients with advanced phase CML.
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8
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Abuzenadah AM, Al-Sayes F, Mahafujul Alam SS, Hoque M, Karim S, Hussain IMR, Tabrez S. Identification of Potential Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitors Derived from Rauwolfia serpentina: Possible Implication in Cancer Therapy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:3787162. [PMID: 35368755 PMCID: PMC8967534 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3787162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) has been recognized as a prospective target for the development of novel cancer therapeutics. Several PARP-1 inhibitors are currently being considered for anticancer drug development and clinical investigation. Lately, natural compounds seem to be excellent alternative drug candidates for cancer treatment. Rauwolfia serpentina is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Indian subcontinents to treat various diseases. This study has been designed to identify the bioactive compounds derived from R. serpentina for possible binding and inhibition of PARP-1 using the molecular docking approach. Thirteen compounds were found to interact with the target with a binding affinity greater than the value of -9.0 kcal/mol. After screening the physicochemical properties, only 5 ligands (ajmalicine, yohimbine, isorauhimbine, rauwolscine, and 1,2-dihydrovomilenine) were found to obey all the parameters of Lipinski's rule of five, showed maximum drug-likeness, and possess no significant toxicity. These ligands displayed strong interactions with target PARP-1 via several hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Therefore, these identified compounds derived from R. serpentina can be considered for drug development against cancer-targeting PARP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel M. Abuzenadah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatin Al-Sayes
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mehboob Hoque
- Applied Bio-Chemistry Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Aliah University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibtessam M. R. Hussain
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Wang C, Liang C. The insertion and dysregulation of transposable elements in osteosarcoma and their association with patient event-free survival. Sci Rep 2022; 12:377. [PMID: 35013466 PMCID: PMC8748539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of transposable elements (TEs) has been explored in a variety of cancers. However, TE activities in osteosarcoma (OS) have not been extensively studied yet. By integrative analysis of RNA-seq, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and methylation data, we showed aberrant TE activities associated with dysregulations of TEs in OS tumors. Specifically, expression levels of LINE-1 and Alu of different evolutionary ages, as well as subfamilies of SVA and HERV-K, were significantly up-regulated in OS tumors, accompanied by enhanced DNA repair responses. We verified the characteristics of LINE-1 mediated TE insertions, including target site duplication (TSD) length (centered around 15 bp) and preferential insertions into intergenic and AT-rich regions as well as intronic regions of longer genes. By filtering polymorphic TE insertions reported in 1000 genome project (1KGP), besides 148 tumor-specific somatic TE insertions, we found most OS patient-specific TE insertions (3175 out of 3326) are germline insertions, which are associated with genes involved in neuronal processes or with transcription factors important for cancer development. In addition to 68 TE-affected cancer genes, we found recurrent germline TE insertions in 72 non-cancer genes with high frequencies among patients. We also found that +/− 500 bps flanking regions of transcription start sites (TSS) of LINE-1 (young) and Alu showed lower methylation levels in OS tumor samples than controls. Interestingly, by incorporating patient clinical data and focusing on TE activities in OS tumors, our data analysis suggested that higher TE insertions in OS tumors are associated with a longer event-free survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA.
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA.
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10
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Nair J, Syed SB, Mahaddalkar T, Ketkar M, Thorat R, Sastri Goda J, Dutt S. DUSP6 regulates radio-sensitivity in glioblastoma by modulating the recruitment of p-DNAPKcs at DNA double-strand breaks. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:273732. [PMID: 34792128 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) has poor median survival due to its resistance to chemo-radiotherapy regimen, resulting in tumor recurrence. Recurrent GBMs currently lack effective treatments. DUSP6 is known to be pro-tumorigenic and is up-regulated in GBM. We show that DUSP6 expression is significantly higher in recurrent GBM patient biopsies (n=11) compared to primary biopsies (n=11). Importantly, although reported as cytoplasmic protein, we found nuclear localization of DUSP6 in primary and recurrent patient samples and in parent and relapse population of GBM cell lines generated from in vitro radiation survival model. DUSP6 inhibition using BCI resulted in decreased proliferation and clonogenic survival of parent and relapse cells. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of DUSP6 catalytic activity radio-sensitized primary and importantly, relapse GBM cells by inhibiting the recruitment of p-DNAPKcs, subsequently down-regulating the recruitment of γH2AX and 53BP1. This resulted in decreased cell survival and prolonged growth arrest upon irradiation in vitro and significantly increased the progression-free survival in orthotopic mouse models of GBM. Our study highlights a non-canonical function of DUSP6, emphasizing the potential application of DUSP6 inhibitors in the treatment of recurrent GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi Nair
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai - 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Safiulla Basha Syed
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai - 410210, India
| | - Tejashree Mahaddalkar
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai - 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Madhura Ketkar
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai - 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai - 410210, India
| | - Jayant Sastri Goda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai - 410210, India
| | - Shilpee Dutt
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai - 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
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11
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Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) as a therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4794-4805. [PMID: 34529761 PMCID: PMC8759124 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a key mediator of various forms of DNA damage repair and plays an important role in the progression of several cancer types. The enzyme is activated by binding to DNA single-strand and double-strand breaks. Its contribution to chromatin remodeling makes PARP1 crucial for gene expression regulation. Inhibition of its activity with small molecules leads to the synthetic lethal effect by impeding DNA repair in the treatment of cancer cells. At first, PARP1 inhibitors (PARPis) were developed to target breast cancer mutated cancer cells. Currently, PARPis are being studied to be used in a broader variety of patients either as single agents or in combination with chemotherapy, antiangiogenic agents, ionizing radiation, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Ongoing clinical trials on olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, veliparib, and the recent talazoparib show the advantage of these agents in overcoming PARPi resistance and underline their efficacy in targeted treatment of several hematologic malignancies. In this review, focusing on the crucial role of PARP1 in physiological and pathological effects in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia, we give an outline of the enzyme’s mechanisms of action and its role in the pathophysiology and prognosis of myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia and we analyze the available data on the use of PARPis, highlighting their promising advances in clinical application.
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12
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Zhai L, Liang H, Du J, Sun M, Qiu W, Tang H, Luo H. PARP-1 via regulation of p53 and p16, is involved in the hydroquinone-induced malignant transformation of TK6 cells by decelerating the cell cycle. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 74:105153. [PMID: 33771647 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) plays a crucial role in DNA damage repair and could be viewed as both a tumor promoter and tumor-suppressor gene. However, the effects of PARP-1 in hydroquinone-induced malignant transformation of TK6 cells remain to be further elucidated. The present research evaluated the potential mechanism of PARP-1 in hydroquinone-induced malignant transformation of TK6 cells. The results indicated that high PARP-1 inhibited TK6 cells malignant transformation after chronic exposure to HQ. We further confirmed that PARP-1 overexpression blocked cell proliferation, and decelerated cell cycle progression in vitro and in vivo. The immunoblotting analysis indicated that PARP-1 regulated cell cycle progression via p16/Rb and p53. Therefore, we conclude that PARP-1 is involved in HQ-induced malignant transformation associated with increasing p16/Rb and p53 which resulting in decelerating the cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hairong Liang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jinlin Du
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Mingwei Sun
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Weifeng Qiu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
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13
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Tber Z, Loubidi M, Jouha J, Hdoufane I, Erdogan MA, Saso L, Armagan G, Berteina-Raboin S. Pyrido[2',1':2,3]imidazo[4,5- c]isoquinolin-5-amines as Potential Cytotoxic Agents against Human Neuroblastoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080750. [PMID: 34451847 PMCID: PMC8399734 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein the evaluation of various pyrido[2',1':2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]isoquinolin-5-amines as potential cytotoxic agents. These molecules were obtained by developing the multicomponent Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé reaction to yield various pyrido[2',1':2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines which are isosteres of ellipticine whose biological activities are well established. To evaluate the anticancer potential of these pyrido[2',1':2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]isoquinolin-5-amine derivatives in the human neuroblastoma cell line, the cytotoxicity was examined using the WST-1 assay after 72 h drug exposure. A clonogenic assay was used to assess the ability of treated cells to proliferate and form colonies. Protein expressions (Bax, bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP-1) were analyzed using Western blotting. The colony number decrease in cells was 50.54%, 37.88% and 27.12% following exposure to compounds 2d, 2g and 4b respectively at 10 μM. We also show that treating the neuroblastoma cell line with these compounds resulted in a significant alteration in caspase-3 and PARP-1 cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahira Tber
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique ICOA, Université d’Orléans-Pôle de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7311, Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (Z.T.); (M.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Mohammed Loubidi
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique ICOA, Université d’Orléans-Pôle de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7311, Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (Z.T.); (M.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Jabrane Jouha
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique ICOA, Université d’Orléans-Pôle de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7311, Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (Z.T.); (M.L.); (J.J.)
| | - Ismail Hdoufane
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech BP 2390, Morocco;
| | - Mümin Alper Erdogan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir 35620, Turkey;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Güliz Armagan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova 35100, Turkey
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (S.B.-R.); Tel.: +33-238-494-856 (S.B.-R.)
| | - Sabine Berteina-Raboin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique ICOA, Université d’Orléans-Pôle de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7311, Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (Z.T.); (M.L.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (S.B.-R.); Tel.: +33-238-494-856 (S.B.-R.)
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14
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Mehibel M, Xu Y, Li CG, Moon EJ, Thakkar KN, Diep AN, Kim RK, Bloomstein JD, Xiao Y, Bacal J, Saldivar JC, Le QT, Cimprich KA, Rankin EB, Giaccia AJ. Eliminating hypoxic tumor cells improves response to PARP inhibitors in homologous recombination-deficient cancer models. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:146256. [PMID: 34060485 PMCID: PMC8266208 DOI: 10.1172/jci146256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a hallmark feature of the tumor microenvironment, causes resistance to conventional chemotherapy, but was recently reported to synergize with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) in homologous recombination-proficient (HR-proficient) cells through suppression of HR. While this synergistic killing occurs under severe hypoxia (<0.5% oxygen), our study shows that moderate hypoxia (2% oxygen) instead promotes PARPi resistance in both HR-proficient and -deficient cancer cells. Mechanistically, we identify reduced ROS-induced DNA damage as the cause for the observed resistance. To determine the contribution of hypoxia to PARPi resistance in tumors, we used the hypoxic cytotoxin tirapazamine to selectively kill hypoxic tumor cells. We found that the selective elimination of hypoxic tumor cells led to a substantial antitumor response when used with PARPi compared with that in tumors treated with PARPi alone, without enhancing normal tissue toxicity. Since human breast cancers with BRAC1/2 mutations have an increased hypoxia signature and hypoxia reduces the efficacy of PARPi, then eliminating hypoxic tumor cells should enhance the efficacy of PARPi therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Mehibel
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yu Xu
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Caiyun G. Li
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eui Jung Moon
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kaushik N. Thakkar
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anh N. Diep
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ryan K. Kim
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joshua D. Bloomstein
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yiren Xiao
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Julien Bacal
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joshua C. Saldivar
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Karlene A. Cimprich
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Erinn B. Rankin
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Amato J. Giaccia
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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15
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Ergul M, Aktan F, Yildiz MT, Tutar Y. Perturbation of HSP Network in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line Triggers Inducible HSP70 Expression and Leads to Tumor Suppression. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:1051-1060. [PMID: 32053081 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200213102210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is constitutively expressed in normal cells but aberrantly expressed in several types of tumor cells, helping their survival in extreme conditions. Thus, specific inhibition of HSP70 in tumor cells is a promising strategy in the treatment of cancer. HSP70 has a variety of isoforms in the cellular organelles and form different functions by coordinating and cooperating with cochaperones. Cancer cells overexpress HSPs during cell growth and proliferation and HSP network provides resistance against apoptosis. The present study aimed to evaluate quantitative changes in HSPs- and cancerassociated gene expressions and their interactions in the presence of 2-phenylethyenesulfonamide (PES) in MCF-7 cells. METHODS Antiproliferative activity of PES was evaluated using the XTT assay. Inducible HSP70 (HSP70i) levels in the PES-treated cells were determined using the ELISA kit. PCR Array was performed to assess the HSPs- and cancer-pathway focused gene expression profiling. Gene network analysis was performed using the X2K, yEd (V.3.18.1) programs, and web-based gene list enrichment analysis tool Enrichr. RESULTS The results demonstrated that PES exposure increased the amount of both HSP70i gene and protein expression surprisingly. However, the expression of HSP70 isoforms as well as other co-chaperones, and 17 cancer-associated genes decreased remarkably as expected. Additionally, interaction network analysis revealed a different mechanism; PES induction of HSP70i employs a cell cycle negative regulator, RB1, which is a tumor suppressor gene. CONCLUSION PES treatment inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation and changed several HSPs- and cancer-related gene expressions along with their interactions through a unique mechanism although it causes an interesting increase at HSP70i gene and protein expressions. RB1 gene expression may play an important role in this effect as revealed by the interaction network analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ergul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Fugen Aktan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet T Yildiz
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Tutar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Bian R, Dang W, Song X, Liu L, Jiang C, Yang Y, Li Y, Li L, Li X, Hu Y, Bao R, Liu Y. Rac GTPase activating protein 1 promotes gallbladder cancer via binding DNA ligase 3 to reduce apoptosis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2167-2180. [PMID: 34239347 PMCID: PMC8241731 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rac GTPase activating protein 1 (RACGAP1) has been characterized in the pathogenesis and progression of several malignancies, however, little is known regarding its role in the development of gallbladder cancer (GBC). This investigation seeks to describe the role of RACGAP1 and its associated molecular mechanisms in GBC. It was found that RACGAP1 was highly expressed in human GBC tissues, which was associated to poorer overall survival (OS). Gene knockdown of RACGAP1 hindered tumor cell proliferation and survival both in vitro and in vivo. We further identified that RACGAP1 was involved in DNA repair through its binding with DNA ligase 3 (LIG3), a crucial component of the alternative-non-homologous end joining (Alt-NHEJ) pathway. RACGAP1 regulated LIG3 expression independent of RhoA activity. RACGAP1 knockdown resulted in LIG3-dependent repair dysfunction, accumulated DNA damage and Poly(ADP-ribosyl) modification (PARylation) enhancement, leading to increased apoptosis and suppressed cell growth. We conclude that RACGAP1 exerts a tumor-promoting role via binding LIG3 to reduce apoptosis and facilitate cell growth in GBC, pointing to RACGAP1 as a potential therapeutic target for GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Bian
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Dang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liguo Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chengkai Jiang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuechuan Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yunping Hu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Runfa Bao
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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17
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Caracciolo D, Riillo C, Di Martino MT, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. Alternative Non-Homologous End-Joining: Error-Prone DNA Repair as Cancer's Achilles' Heel. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061392. [PMID: 33808562 PMCID: PMC8003480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer onset and progression lead to a high rate of DNA damage, due to replicative and metabolic stress. To survive in this dangerous condition, cancer cells switch the DNA repair machinery from faithful systems to error-prone pathways, strongly increasing the mutational rate that, in turn, supports the disease progression and drug resistance. Although DNA repair de-regulation boosts genomic instability, it represents, at the same time, a critical cancer vulnerability that can be exploited for synthetic lethality-based therapeutic intervention. We here discuss the role of the error-prone DNA repair, named Alternative Non-Homologous End Joining (Alt-NHEJ), as inducer of genomic instability and as a potential therapeutic target. We portray different strategies to drug Alt-NHEJ and discuss future challenges for selecting patients who could benefit from Alt-NHEJ inhibition, with the aim of precision oncology. Abstract Error-prone DNA repair pathways promote genomic instability which leads to the onset of cancer hallmarks by progressive genetic aberrations in tumor cells. The molecular mechanisms which foster this process remain mostly undefined, and breakthrough advancements are eagerly awaited. In this context, the alternative non-homologous end joining (Alt-NHEJ) pathway is considered a leading actor. Indeed, there is experimental evidence that up-regulation of major Alt-NHEJ components, such as LIG3, PolQ, and PARP1, occurs in different tumors, where they are often associated with disease progression and drug resistance. Moreover, the Alt-NHEJ addiction of cancer cells provides a promising target to be exploited by synthetic lethality approaches for the use of DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors and even as a sensitizer to checkpoint-inhibitors immunotherapy by increasing the mutational load. In this review, we discuss recent findings highlighting the role of Alt-NHEJ as a promoter of genomic instability and, therefore, as new cancer’s Achilles’ heel to be therapeutically exploited in precision oncology.
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18
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Tomkinson AE, Naila T, Khattri Bhandari S. Altered DNA ligase activity in human disease. Mutagenesis 2021; 35:51-60. [PMID: 31630206 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The joining of interruptions in the phosphodiester backbone of DNA is critical to maintain genome stability. These breaks, which are generated as part of normal DNA transactions, such as DNA replication, V(D)J recombination and meiotic recombination as well as directly by DNA damage or due to DNA damage removal, are ultimately sealed by one of three human DNA ligases. DNA ligases I, III and IV each function in the nucleus whereas DNA ligase III is the sole enzyme in mitochondria. While the identification of specific protein partners and the phenotypes caused either by genetic or chemical inactivation have provided insights into the cellular functions of the DNA ligases and evidence for significant functional overlap in nuclear DNA replication and repair, different results have been obtained with mouse and human cells, indicating species-specific differences in the relative contributions of the DNA ligases. Inherited mutations in the human LIG1 and LIG4 genes that result in the generation of polypeptides with partial activity have been identified as the causative factors in rare DNA ligase deficiency syndromes that share a common clinical symptom, immunodeficiency. In the case of DNA ligase IV, the immunodeficiency is due to a defect in V(D)J recombination whereas the cause of the immunodeficiency due to DNA ligase I deficiency is not known. Overexpression of each of the DNA ligases has been observed in cancers. For DNA ligase I, this reflects increased proliferation. Elevated levels of DNA ligase III indicate an increased dependence on an alternative non-homologous end-joining pathway for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks whereas elevated level of DNA ligase IV confer radioresistance due to increased repair of DNA double-strand breaks by the major non-homologous end-joining pathway. Efforts to determine the potential of DNA ligase inhibitors as cancer therapeutics are on-going in preclinical cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan E Tomkinson
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tasmin Naila
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Seema Khattri Bhandari
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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19
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Panigrahi R, Glover JNM. Structural insights into DNA double-strand break signaling. Biochem J 2021; 478:135-156. [PMID: 33439989 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genomic integrity is most threatened by double-strand breaks, which, if left unrepaired, lead to carcinogenesis or cell death. The cell generates a network of protein-protein signaling interactions that emanate from the DNA damage which are now recognized as a rich basis for anti-cancer therapy development. Deciphering the structures of signaling proteins has been an uphill task owing to their large size and complex domain organization. Recent advances in mammalian protein expression/purification and cryo-EM-based structure determination have led to significant progress in our understanding of these large multidomain proteins. This review is an overview of the structural principles that underlie some of the key signaling proteins that function at the double-strand break site. We also discuss some plausible ideas that could be considered for future structural approaches to visualize and build a more complete understanding of protein dynamics at the break site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Panigrahi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - J N Mark Glover
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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20
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Caracciolo D, Scionti F, Juli G, Altomare E, Golino G, Todoerti K, Grillone K, Riillo C, Arbitrio M, Iannone M, Morelli E, Amodio N, Di Martino MT, Rossi M, Neri A, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. Exploiting MYC-induced PARPness to target genomic instability in multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2021; 106:185-195. [PMID: 32079692 PMCID: PMC7776341 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.240713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy strongly characterized by genomic instability, which promotes disease progression and drug resistance. Since we previously demonstrated that LIG3-dependent repair is involved in the genomic instability, drug resistance and survival of MM cells, we here investigated the biological relevance of PARP1, a driver component of Alternative-Non Homologous End Joining (Alt-NHEJ) pathway, in MM. We found a significant correlation between higher PARP1 mRNA expression and poor prognosis of MM patients. PARP1 knockdown or its pharmacological inhibition by Olaparib impaired MM cells viability in vitro and was effective against in vivo xenografts of human MM. Anti-proliferative effects induced by PARP1-inhibition were correlated to increase of DNA double-strand breaks, activation of DNA Damage Response (DDR) and finally apoptosis. Importantly, by comparing a gene expression signature of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) sensitivity to our plasma cell dyscrasia (PC) gene expression profiling (GEP), we identified a subset of MM patients which could benefit from PARP inhibitors. In particular, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) suggested that high MYC expression correlates to PARPi sensitivity in MM. Indeed, we identified MYC as promoter of PARP1-mediated repair in MM and, consistently, we demonstrate that cytotoxic effects induced by PARP inhibition are mostly detectable on MYC-proficient MM cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that MYC-driven MM cells are addicted to PARP1 Alt-NHEJ repair, which represents therefore a druggable target in this still incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caracciolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Scionti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro
| | - Giada Juli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro
| | - Emanuela Altomare
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro
| | - Gaetanina Golino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro
| | - Katia Todoerti
- University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan
| | - Katia Grillone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro
| | - Caterina Riillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Eugenio Morelli
- Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,Boston, USA
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro
| | - Antonino Neri
- University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan
| | | | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro
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21
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Han Y, Yu X, Li S, Tian Y, Liu C. New Perspectives for Resistance to PARP Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:578095. [PMID: 33324554 PMCID: PMC7724080 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.578095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are a therapeutic milestone exerting a synthetic lethal effect in the treatment of cancer involving BRCA1/2 mutation. Theoretically, PARP inhibitors (PARPi) eliminate tumor cells by disrupting DNA damage repair through either PARylation or the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. However, resistance to PARPi greatly hinders therapeutic effectiveness in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Owing to the high heterogeneity and few genetic targets in TNBC, there has been limited therapeutic progress in the past decades. In view of this, there is a need to circumvent resistance to PARPi and develop potential treatment strategies for TNBC. We present, herein, a review of the scientific progress and explore the mechanisms underlying PARPi resistance in TNBC. The complicated mechanisms of PARPi resistance, including drug exporter formation, loss of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), HR reactivation, and restoration of replication fork stability, are discussed in detail in this review. Additionally, we also discuss new combination therapies with PARPi that can improve the clinical response in TNBC. The new perspectives for PARPi bring novel challenges and opportunities to overcome PARPi resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Han
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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22
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Li S, Shi B, Liu X, An HX. Acetylation and Deacetylation of DNA Repair Proteins in Cancers. Front Oncol 2020; 10:573502. [PMID: 33194676 PMCID: PMC7642810 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.573502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of DNA repair proteins coordinate together to remove the diverse damages for ensuring the genomic integrity and stability. The repair system is an extensive network mainly encompassing cell cycle arrest, chromatin remodeling, various repair pathways, and new DNA fragment synthesis. Acetylation on DNA repair proteins is a dynamic epigenetic modification orchestrated by lysine acetyltransferases (HATs) and lysine deacetylases (HDACs), which dramatically affects the protein functions through multiple mechanisms, such as regulation of DNA binding ability, protein activity, post-translational modification (PTM) crosstalk, and protein–protein interaction. Accumulating evidence has indicated that the aberrant acetylation of DNA repair proteins contributes to the dysfunction of DNA repair ability, the pathogenesis and progress of cancer, as well as the chemosensitivity of cancer cells. In the present scenario, targeting epigenetic therapy is being considered as a promising method at par with the conventional cancer therapeutic strategies. This present article provides an overview of the recent progress in the functions and mechanisms of acetylation on DNA repair proteins involved in five major repair pathways, which warrants the possibility of regulating acetylation on repair proteins as a therapeutic target in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bingbing Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Han-Xiang An
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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23
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Ling HZ, Xu SZ, Leng RX, Wu J, Pan HF, Fan YG, Wang B, Xia YR, Huang Q, Shuai ZW, Ye DQ. Discovery of new serum biomarker panels for systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:1416-1425. [PMID: 31899518 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical diagnosis of SLE is currently challenging due to its heterogeneity. Many autoantibodies are associated with SLE and are considered potential diagnostic markers, but systematic screening and validation of such autoantibodies is lacking. This study aimed to systematically discover new autoantibodies that may be good biomarkers for use in SLE diagnosis. METHODS Sera from 15 SLE patients and 5 healthy volunteers were analysed using human proteome microarrays to identify candidate SLE-related autoantibodies. The results were validated by screening of sera from 107 SLE patients, 94 healthy volunteers and 60 disease controls using focussed arrays comprised of autoantigens corresponding to the identified candidate antibodies. Logistic regression was used to derive and validate autoantibody panels that can discriminate SLE disease. Extensive ELISA screening of sera from 294 SLE patients and 461 controls was performed to validate one of the newly discovered autoantibodies. RESULTS A total of 31, 11 and 18 autoantibodies were identified to be expressed at significantly higher levels in the SLE group than in the healthy volunteers, disease controls and healthy volunteers plus disease control groups, respectively, with 25, 7 and 13 of these differentially expressed autoantibodies being previously unreported. Diagnostic panels comprising anti-RPLP2, anti-SNRPC and anti-PARP1, and anti-RPLP2, anti-PARP1, anti-MAK16 and anti- RPL7A were selected. Performance of the newly discovered anti-MAK16 autoantibody was confirmed by ELISA. Some associations were seen with clinical characteristics of SLE patients, such as disease activity with the level of anti-PARP1 and rash with the level of anti-RPLP2, anti-MAK16 and anti- RPL7A. CONCLUSION The combined autoantibody panels identified here show promise for the diagnosis of SLE and for differential diagnosis of other major rheumatic immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhi Ling
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rui-Xue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yin-Guang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan-Rui Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zong-Wen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
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24
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Zhang J, Si J, Gan L, Zhou R, Guo M, Zhang H. Harnessing the targeting potential of differential radiobiological effects of photon versus particle radiation for cancer treatment. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1695-1711. [PMID: 32691425 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the major modalities for malignancy treatment. High linear energy transfer (LET) charged-particle beams, like proton and carbon ions, exhibit favourable depth-dose distributions and radiobiological enhancement over conventional low-LET photon irradiation, thereby marking a new era in high precision medicine. Tumour cells have developed multicomponent signal transduction networks known as DNA damage responses (DDRs), which initiate cell-cycle checkpoints and induce double-strand break (DSB) repairs in the nucleus by nonhomologous end joining or homologous recombination pathways, to manage ionising radiation (IR)-induced DNA lesions. DNA damage induction and DSB repair pathways are reportedly dependent on the quality of radiation delivered. In this review, we summarise various types of DNA lesion and DSB repair mechanisms, upon irradiation with low and high-LET radiation, respectively. We also analyse factors influencing DNA repair efficiency. Inhibition of DNA damage repair pathways and dysfunctional cell-cycle checkpoint sensitises tumour cells to IR. Radio-sensitising agents, including DNA-PK inhibitors, Rad51 inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, ATM/ATR inhibitors, chk1 inhibitors, wee1 kinase inhibitors, Hsp90 inhibitors, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors have been found to enhance cell killing by IR through interference with DDRs, cell-cycle arrest, or other cellular processes. The cotreatment of these inhibitors with IR may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Si
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Research Center for Ecological Impacts and Environmental Health Effects of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Menghuan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Hanscom T, McVey M. Regulation of Error-Prone DNA Double-Strand Break Repair and Its Impact on Genome Evolution. Cells 2020; 9:E1657. [PMID: 32660124 PMCID: PMC7407515 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-strand breaks are one of the most deleterious DNA lesions. Their repair via error-prone mechanisms can promote mutagenesis, loss of genetic information, and deregulation of the genome. These detrimental outcomes are significant drivers of human diseases, including many cancers. Mutagenic double-strand break repair also facilitates heritable genetic changes that drive organismal adaptation and evolution. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of various error-prone DNA double-strand break repair processes and the cellular conditions that regulate them, with a focus on alternative end joining. We provide examples that illustrate how mutagenic double-strand break repair drives genome diversity and evolution. Finally, we discuss how error-prone break repair can be crucial to the induction and progression of diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitch McVey
- Department. of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA;
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26
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Caracciolo D, Riillo C, Arbitrio M, Di Martino MT, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. Error-prone DNA repair pathways as determinants of immunotherapy activity: an emerging scenario for cancer treatment. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2658-2668. [PMID: 32383203 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Defects in DNA repair machinery play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of human cancer. When they occur, the tumor cells activate error-prone mechanisms which lead to genomic instability and high mutation rate. These defects represent, therefore, a cancer Achilles'heel which could be therapeutically exploited by the use of DNA damage response inhibitors. Moreover, experimental and clinical evidence indicates that DNA repair deregulation has a pivotal role also in promoting immune recognition and immune destruction of cancer cells. Indeed, immune checkpoint inhibitors have received regulatory approval in tumors characterized by high genomic instability, such as melanomas and lung cancer. Here, we discuss how deregulation of DNA repair, through activation of error-prone mechanisms, increases immune activation against cancer. Finally, we address the potential strategies to use DNA repair components as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets to empower immune-oncology treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caracciolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Riillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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27
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Andersson N, Bakker B, Karlsson J, Valind A, Holmquist Mengelbier L, Spierings DCJ, Foijer F, Gisselsson D. Extensive Clonal Branching Shapes the Evolutionary History of High-Risk Pediatric Cancers. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1512-1523. [PMID: 32041836 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Darwinian evolution of tumor cells remains underexplored in childhood cancer. We here reconstruct the evolutionary histories of 56 pediatric primary tumors, including 24 neuroblastomas, 24 Wilms tumors, and 8 rhabdomyosarcomas. Whole-genome copy-number and whole-exome mutational profiling of multiple regions per tumor were performed, followed by clonal deconvolution to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree for each tumor. Overall, 88% of the tumors exhibited genetic variation among primary tumor regions. This variability typically emerged through collateral phylogenetic branching, leading to spatial variability in the distribution of more than 50% (96/173) of detected diagnostically informative genetic aberrations. Single-cell sequencing of 547 individual cancer cells from eight solid pediatric tumors confirmed branching evolution to be a fundamental underlying principle of genetic variation in all cases. Strikingly, cell-to-cell genetic diversity was almost twice as high in aggressive compared with clinically favorable tumors (median Simpson index of diversity 0.45 vs. 0.88; P = 0.029). Similarly, a comparison of multiregional sampling data from a total of 274 tumor regions showed that new phylogenetic branches emerge at a higher frequency per sample and carry a higher mutational load in high-risk than in low-risk tumors. Timelines based on spatial genetic variation showed that the mutations most influencing relapse risk occur at initiation of clonal expansion in neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, whereas in Wilms tumor, they are late events. Thus, from an evolutionary standpoint, some high-risk childhood cancers are born bad, whereas others grow worse over time. SIGNIFICANCE: Different pediatric cancers with a high risk of relapse share a common generic pattern of extensively branching evolution of somatic mutations. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/7/1512/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Andersson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bjorn Bakker
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jenny Karlsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Valind
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Diana C J Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - David Gisselsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Division of Oncology-Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Skåne Healthcare Region, Lund, Sweden
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28
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ji C, You F, Zhang T, Fan S, Han Z, Xiang S, Wang Y, Sheng B, Wang T, An G, Meng H, Yang L. Novel anti-GD2 CAR-T cells exhibit superior cytotoxicity against neuroblastoma. EUR J INFLAMM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739220961193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of high-risk paediatric neuroblastoma represents an unmet clinical need. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell (CAR-T) therapy is a promising treatment option, but there exist some challenges regarding specificity and potency. The current study used ganglioside GD2 as a target for CAR-T construction because of its selective overexpression in neuroblastoma cells. We engineered a GD2-based CAR-T construct, including ICOS and 4-1BB co-stimulatory domains for better persistence. The cytotoxicity of the generated CAR-T cells (PG3-GD2-CAR-T) was verified using in vitro and in vivo assays. PG3-GD2-CAR-T cells exerted potent anti-tumour activity in vitro and in vivo, with minimal effects on peripheral blood cells. PG3-GD2-CAR-T cells exhibited encouraging specificity for and potency against neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng ji
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine & Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengtao You
- Persongen Bio Therapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangshuang Fan
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhichao Han
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shufen Xiang
- Persongen Bio Therapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinyan Wang
- Persongen Bio Therapeutics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binjie Sheng
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian Wang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gangli An
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huimin Meng
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Yang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine & Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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29
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Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) arising from aerodigestive or anogenital epithelium that are associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV) are far more readily cured with radiation therapy than HPV-negative SCCs. The mechanism behind this increased radiosensitivity has been proposed to be secondary to defects in DNA repair, although the specific repair pathways that are disrupted have not been elucidated. To gain insight into this important biomarker of radiosensitivity, we first examined genomic patterns reflective of defects in DNA double-strand break repair, comparing HPV-associated and HPV-negative head and neck cancers (HNSCC). Compared to HPV-negative HNSCC genomes, HPV+ cases demonstrated a marked increase in the proportion of deletions with flanking microhomology, a signature associated with a backup, error-prone double-strand break repair pathway known as microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ). Then, using 3 different methodologies to comprehensively profile double-strand break repair pathways in isogenic paired cell lines, we demonstrate that the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein suppresses canonical nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) and promotes error-prone MMEJ, providing a mechanistic rationale for the clinical radiosensitivity of these cancers.
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30
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Cheng J, Wei K, Xin Y, Zhao P, Zhang J, Jia W, Zheng B. Lack of associations between LIG3 gene polymorphisms and neuroblastoma susceptibility in Chinese children. J Cancer 2019; 10:5722-5726. [PMID: 31737108 PMCID: PMC6843871 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of the DNA non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair system is a causative factor in many cancers, including high-risk neuroblastoma. A number of studies have shown that polymorphisms in the DNA ligase III (LIG3) gene, one of the key genes in the error-prone alternative NHEJ (a-NHEJ) pathway for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, are associated with a variety of cancers. Nevertheless, whether LIG3 polymorphisms contribute to neuroblastoma risk remains unknown. We investigated the correlation between neuroblastoma susceptibility and two LIG3 polymorphisms (rs1052536 C>T and rs4796030 A>C) among 469 neuroblastoma patients and 998 healthy controls from China. Our results failed to detect any relationship between the analyzed SNPs and neuroblastoma risk in either overall analysis or stratification analysis. These results suggest that rs1052536 C>T and rs4796030 A>C are unrelated to neuroblastoma susceptibility in the Chinese population. Further studies with larger sample sizes and multiple ethnicities are necessary to verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kongmei Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, LanShi Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Yijuan Xin
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center of PLA, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pu Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Baijun Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
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31
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Toma M, Skorski T, Sliwinski T. DNA Double Strand Break Repair - Related Synthetic Lethality. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1446-1482. [PMID: 29421999 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180201114306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a high degree of diversity between and within tumors. Our limited knowledge of their biology results in ineffective treatment. However, personalized approach may represent a milestone in the field of anticancer therapy. It can increase specificity of treatment against tumor initiating cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cancer progenitor cells (CPCs) with minimal effect on normal cells and tissues. Cancerous cells carry multiple genetic and epigenetic aberrations which may disrupt pathways essential for cell survival. Discovery of synthetic lethality has led a new hope of creating effective and personalized antitumor treatment. Synthetic lethality occurs when simultaneous inactivation of two genes or their products causes cell death whereas individual inactivation of either gene is not lethal. The effectiveness of numerous anti-tumor therapies depends on induction of DNA damage therefore tumor cells expressing abnormalities in genes whose products are crucial for DNA repair pathways are promising targets for synthetic lethality. Here, we discuss mechanistic aspects of synthetic lethality in the context of deficiencies in DNA double strand break repair pathways. In addition, we review clinical trials utilizing synthetic lethality interactions and discuss the mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Toma
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 3400 North Broad Street, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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32
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Kostyushev D, Kostyusheva A, Brezgin S, Zarifyan D, Utkina A, Goptar I, Chulanov V. Suppressing the NHEJ pathway by DNA-PKcs inhibitor NU7026 prevents degradation of HBV cccDNA cleaved by CRISPR/Cas9. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1847. [PMID: 30755668 PMCID: PMC6372644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B is a severe liver disease caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), a super-spiralized, double-stranded form of the HBV genome, is the major determinant of viral persistence. CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases have been recently shown to introduce double-stranded DNA breaks into HBV cccDNA. The inflicted damage results predominantly in erroneous repair of cccDNA by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). NHEJ has been suggested to enhance anti-HBV activity of CRISPR/Cas9 and increase cccDNA mutation. In this study, we assessed anti-HBV activity of CRISPR/Cas9 and cccDNA repair outcomes in an altered NHEJ/HR environment. NU7026, a strong inhibitor of NHEJ, prevented CRISPR/Cas9-mediated degradation of cccDNA and resulted in frequent on-target deletions. We conclude that CRISPR/Cas9 is a highly effective tool to degrade cccDNA and first demonstrate that inhibiting NHEJ impairs cccDNA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kostyushev
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Viral Hepatitis, Moscow, 111123, Russian Federation.
| | - Anastasiya Kostyusheva
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Viral Hepatitis, Moscow, 111123, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Brezgin
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Viral Hepatitis, Moscow, 111123, Russian Federation
- Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Zarifyan
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Viral Hepatitis, Moscow, 111123, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya Utkina
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Viral Hepatitis, Moscow, 111123, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Goptar
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Viral Hepatitis, Moscow, 111123, Russian Federation
- Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Gene Engineering and Biotechnology, Moscow, 105275, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Chulanov
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Viral Hepatitis, Moscow, 111123, Russian Federation
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Infectious Diseases, Moscow, 119146, Russian Federation
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33
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Caracciolo D, Di Martino MT, Amodio N, Morelli E, Montesano M, Botta C, Scionti F, Talarico D, Altomare E, Gallo Cantafio ME, Zuccalà V, Maltese L, Todoerti K, Rossi M, Arbitrio M, Neri A, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. miR-22 suppresses DNA ligase III addiction in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2019; 33:487-498. [PMID: 30120376 PMCID: PMC6365379 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by high genomic instability. Here we provide evidence that hyper-activation of DNA ligase III (LIG3) is crucial for genomic instability and survival of MM cells. LIG3 mRNA expression in MM patients correlates with shorter survival and even increases with more advanced stage of disease. Knockdown of LIG3 impairs MM cells viability in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that neoplastic plasmacells are dependent on LIG3-driven repair. To investigate the mechanisms involved in LIG3 expression, we investigated the post-transcriptional regulation. We identified miR-22-3p as effective negative regulator of LIG3 in MM. Enforced expression of miR-22 in MM cells downregulated LIG3 protein, which in turn increased DNA damage inhibiting in vitro and in vivo cell growth. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that myeloma cells are addicted to LIG3, which can be effectively inhibited by miR-22, promoting a novel axis of genome stability regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caracciolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eugenio Morelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Martina Montesano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cirino Botta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Scionti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Altomare
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Eugenia Gallo Cantafio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Katia Todoerti
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, and Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, and Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Catanzaro, Italy.
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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34
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Toma M, Witusik-Perkowska M, Szwed M, Stawski R, Szemraj J, Drzewiecka M, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Radek M, Kolasa P, Matlawska-Wasowska K, Sliwinski T, Skorski T. Eradication of LIG4-deficient glioblastoma cells by the combination of PARP inhibitor and alkylating agent. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36867-36877. [PMID: 30627327 PMCID: PMC6305145 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells often accumulate spontaneous and treatment-induced DNA damage i.e. potentially lethal DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Targeting DSB repair mechanisms with specific inhibitors could potentially sensitize cancer cells to the toxic effect of DSBs. Current treatment for glioblastoma includes tumor resection followed by radiotherapy and/or temozolomide (TMZ) - an alkylating agent inducing DNA damage. We hypothesize that combination of PARP inhibitor (PARPi) with TMZ in glioblastoma cells displaying downregulation of DSB repair genes could trigger synthetic lethality. In our study, we observed that PARP inhibitor (BMN673) was able to specifically sensitize DNA ligase 4 (LIG4)-deprived glioblastoma cells to TMZ while normal astrocytes were not affected. LIG4 downregulation resulting in low effectiveness of DNA-PK-mediated non-homologous end-joining (D-NHEJ), which in combination with BMN673 and TMZ resulted in accumulation of lethal DSBs and specific eradication of glioblastoma cells. Restoration of the LIG4 expression caused loss of sensitivity to BMN673+TMZ. In conclusion, PARP inhibitor combined with DNA damage inducing agents can be utilized in patients with glioblastoma displaying defects in D-NHEJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Toma
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Marzena Szwed
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Robert Stawski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Drzewiecka
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maciej Radek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Surgery of Spine and Peripheral Nerves, Medical University of Lodz, University Hospital WAM-CSW, Lodz, Poland
| | - Pawel Kolasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
- Social Sciences Academy in Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ksenia Matlawska-Wasowska
- Division of Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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35
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Martínez-Terroba E, Ezponda T, Bértolo C, Sainz C, Remírez A, Agorreta J, Garmendia I, Behrens C, Pio R, Wistuba II, Montuenga LM, Pajares MJ. The oncogenic RNA-binding protein SRSF1 regulates LIG1 in non-small cell lung cancer. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1562-1574. [PMID: 30181552 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the relevance of RNA metabolism has been increasingly recognized in a variety of diseases. Modifications in the levels of RNA-binding proteins elicit changes in the expression of cancer-related genes. Here we evaluate whether SRSF1 regulates the expression of DNA repair genes, and whether this regulation has a relevant role in lung carcinogenesis. An in silico analysis was performed to evaluate the association between the expression of SRSF1 and DNA repair genes. In vitro functional analyses were conducted in SRSF1 or DNA ligase 1 (LIG1)-downregulated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. In addition, the prognostic value of LIG1 was evaluated in NSCLC patients by immunohistochemistry. We found a significant correlation between the DNA repair gene LIG1 and SRSF1 in NSCLC cell lines. Moreover, SRSF1 binds to LIG1 mRNA and regulates its expression by increasing its mRNA stability and enhancing its translation in an mTOR-dependent manner. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated LIG1 inhibition reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Finally, the expression of LIG1 was an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC, as confirmed in a series of 210 patients. These results show that LIG1 is regulated by the oncoprotein SRSF1 and plays a relevant role in lung cancer cell proliferation and progression. LIG1 is associated with poor prognosis in non-small lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martínez-Terroba
- Program in Solid Tumors, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Ezponda
- Program in Solid Tumors, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Bértolo
- Program in Solid Tumors, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sainz
- Program in Solid Tumors, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Remírez
- Program in Solid Tumors, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jackeline Agorreta
- Program in Solid Tumors, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain. .,Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain. .,Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Irati Garmendia
- Program in Solid Tumors, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruben Pio
- Program in Solid Tumors, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Science, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luis M Montuenga
- Program in Solid Tumors, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain. .,Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain. .,Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - María J Pajares
- Program in Solid Tumors, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
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36
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Li X, Li C, Jin J, Wang J, Huang J, Ma Z, Huang X, He X, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Yu M, Huang S, Yan X, Li F, Pan J, Wang Y, Yu Y, Jin J. High PARP-1 expression predicts poor survival in acute myeloid leukemia and PARP-1 inhibitor and SAHA-bendamustine hybrid inhibitor combination treatment synergistically enhances anti-tumor effects. EBioMedicine 2018; 38:47-56. [PMID: 30472087 PMCID: PMC6306376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PARP-1 plays a critical role in DNA damage repair and contributes to progression of cancer. To explore the role of PARP-1 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we analyzed the expression of PARP-1 in AML and its relation to the clinical prognosis. Then, we investigated the efficacy and mechanism of PARP inhibitor BMN673 (Talazoparib) combined with NL101, a novel SAHA-bendamustine hybrid in vitro and in vivo. Methods The expression of PARP-1 in 339 cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) cases was evaluated using RT-PCR. According to the expression of PARP-1, the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the patients were grouped and compared. The combination effects of BMN673 and NL101 were studied in AML cells and B-NSG mice xenograft model of MV4-11. Findings We found patients in high PARP-1 expression group had higher levels of blast cells in bone marrow (P = .003) and white blood cells (WBC) in peripheral blood (P = .008), and were associated with a more frequent FLT3-ITD mutation (28.2% vs 17.3%, P = .031). The overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) of the high expression group were significantly shorter than those in the low expression group (OS, P = .005 and EFS, P = .004). BMN673 combined with NL101 had a strong synergistic effect in treating AML. The combination significantly induced cell apoptosis and arrested cell cycle in G2/M phase. Mechanistically, BMN673 and NL101 combinatorial treatment promoted DNA damage. In vivo, the combination effectively delayed the development of AML and prolonged survival. Interpretation High PARP-1 expression predicts poor survival in CN-AML patients. The synergistic effects of PARP inhibitor BMN673 in combination with SAHA-bendamustine hybrid, NL101, provide a new therapeutic strategy against AML. Fund National Natural Science Foundation of China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Innovation Team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Chenying Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jingrui Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiansong Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhixin Ma
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yile Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Mengxia Yu
- Department of Hematology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Fenglin Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jiajia Pan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yungui Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yongping Yu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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37
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Piotto C, Biscontin A, Millino C, Mognato M. Functional validation of miRNAs targeting genes of DNA double-strand break repair to radiosensitize non-small lung cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:1102-1118. [PMID: 30389599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA-Double strand breaks (DSBs) generated by radiation therapy represent the most efficient lesions to kill tumor cells, however, the inherent DSB repair efficiency of tumor cells can cause cellular radioresistance and impact on therapeutic outcome. Genes of DSB repair represent a target for cancer therapy since their down-regulation can impair the repair process making the cells more sensitive to radiation. In this study, we analyzed the combination of ionizing radiation (IR) along with microRNA-mediated targeting of genes involved in DSB repair to sensitize human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. MicroRNAs are natural occurring modulators of gene expression and therefore represent an attractive strategy to affect the expression of DSB repair genes. As possible IR-sensitizing targets genes we selected genes of homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway (i.e. RAD51, BRCA2, PRKDC, XRCC5, LIG1). We examined these genes to determine whether they may be real targets of selected miRNAs by functional and biological validation. The in vivo effectiveness of miRNA treatments has been examined in cells over-expressing miRNAs and treated with IR. Taken together, our results show that hsa-miR-96-5p and hsa-miR-874-3p can directly regulate the expression of target genes. When these miRNAs are combined with IR can decrease the survival of NSCLC cells to a higher extent than that exerted by radiation alone, and similarly to radiation combined with specific chemical inhibitors of HR and NHEJ repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Piotto
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58 B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Biscontin
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58 B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Millino
- CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maddalena Mognato
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58 B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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38
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Sürün D, von Melchner H, Schnütgen F. CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering in hematopoietic cells. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2018; 28:33-39. [PMID: 30205879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of genome editing tools capable of modifying specific genomic sequences with unprecedented accuracy has opened up a wide range of new possibilities in targeted gene manipulation. In particular, the CRISPR/Cas9 system, a repurposed prokaryotic adaptive immune system, has been widely adopted because of its unmatched simplicity and flexibility. In this review we discuss achievements and current limitations of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in hematopoietic cells with special emphasis on its potential use in ex vivo gene therapy of monogenic blood disorders, HIV and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duran Sürün
- Department of Molecular Hematology and LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Medical Systems Biology, UCC, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Harald von Melchner
- Department of Molecular Hematology and LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Schnütgen
- Department of Molecular Hematology and LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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39
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Enhancement of Radiation Effectiveness in Cervical Cancer Cells by Combining Ionizing Radiation with Hyperthermia and Molecular Targeting Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082420. [PMID: 30115874 PMCID: PMC6121622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia (HT) and molecular targeting agents can be used to enhance the effect of radiotherapy (RT). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate radiation sensitization by HT and different molecular targeting agents (Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 inhibitor, PARP1-i; DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit inhibitor, DNA-PKcs-i and Heat Shock Protein 90 inhibitor, HSP90-i) in cervical cancer cell lines. Survival curves of SiHa and HeLa cells, concerning the combined effects of radiation with hyperthermia and PARP1-i, DNA-PKcs-i or HSP90-i, were analyzed using the linear-quadratic model: S(D)/S(0) = exp − (αD + βD2). The values of the linear-quadratic (LQ) parameters α and β, determine the effectiveness at low and high doses, respectively. The effects of these sensitizing agents on the LQ parameters are compared to evaluate dose-dependent differences in radio enhancement. Combination of radiation with hyperthermia, PARP1-i and DNA-PKcs-i significantly increased the value of the linear parameter α. Both α and β were significantly increased for HSP90-i combined with hyperthermia in HeLa cells, though not in SiHa cells. The Homologous Recombination pathway is inhibited by hyperthermia. When hyperthermia is combined with DNA-PKcs-i and PARP1-i, the Non-Homologous End Joining or Alternative Non-Homologous End Joining pathway is also inhibited, leading to a more potent radio enhancement. The observed increments of the α value imply that significant radio enhancement is obtained at clinically-used radiotherapy doses. Furthermore, the sensitizing effects of hyperthermia can be even further enhanced when combined with other molecular targeting agents.
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40
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Henssen AG, Reed C, Jiang E, Garcia HD, von Stebut J, MacArthur IC, Hundsdoerfer P, Kim JH, de Stanchina E, Kuwahara Y, Hosoi H, Ganem NJ, Dela Cruz F, Kung AL, Schulte JH, Petrini JH, Kentsis A. Therapeutic targeting of PGBD5-induced DNA repair dependency in pediatric solid tumors. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/414/eaam9078. [PMID: 29093183 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite intense efforts, the cure rates of childhood and adult solid tumors are not satisfactory. Resistance to intensive chemotherapy is common, and targets for molecular therapies are largely undefined. We have found that the majority of childhood solid tumors, including rhabdoid tumors, neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, and Ewing sarcoma, express an active DNA transposase, PGBD5, that can promote site-specific genomic rearrangements in human cells. Using functional genetic approaches, we discovered that mouse and human cells deficient in nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair cannot tolerate the expression of PGBD5. In a chemical screen of DNA damage signaling inhibitors, we identified AZD6738 as a specific sensitizer of PGBD5-dependent DNA damage and apoptosis. We found that expression of PGBD5, but not its nuclease activity-deficient mutant, was sufficient to induce sensitivity to AZD6738. Depletion of endogenous PGBD5 conferred resistance to AZD6738 in human tumor cells. PGBD5-expressing tumor cells accumulated unrepaired DNA damage in response to AZD6738 treatment and underwent apoptosis in both dividing and G1-phase cells in the absence of immediate DNA replication stress. Accordingly, AZD6738 exhibited nanomolar potency against most neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, and rhabdoid tumor cells tested while sparing nontransformed human and mouse embryonic fibroblasts in vitro. Finally, treatment with AZD6738 induced apoptosis and regression of human neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma tumors engrafted in immunodeficient mice in vivo. This effect was potentiated by combined treatment with cisplatin, including substantial antitumor activity against patient-derived primary neuroblastoma xenografts. These findings delineate a therapeutically actionable synthetic dependency induced in PGBD5-expressing solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton G Henssen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Casie Reed
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eileen Jiang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Heathcliff Dorado Garcia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer von Stebut
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ian C MacArthur
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Patrick Hundsdoerfer
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jun Hyun Kim
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yasumichi Kuwahara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Hosoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Neil J Ganem
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Filemon Dela Cruz
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew L Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John H Petrini
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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41
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Helena JM, Joubert AM, Grobbelaar S, Nolte EM, Nel M, Pepper MS, Coetzee M, Mercier AE. Deoxyribonucleic Acid Damage and Repair: Capitalizing on Our Understanding of the Mechanisms of Maintaining Genomic Integrity for Therapeutic Purposes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1148. [PMID: 29641431 PMCID: PMC5979424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the self-replicating hereditary material that provides a blueprint which, in collaboration with environmental influences, produces a structural and functional phenotype. As DNA coordinates and directs differentiation, growth, survival, and reproduction, it is responsible for life and the continuation of our species. Genome integrity requires the maintenance of DNA stability for the correct preservation of genetic information. This is facilitated by accurate DNA replication and precise DNA repair. DNA damage may arise from a wide range of both endogenous and exogenous sources but may be repaired through highly specific mechanisms. The most common mechanisms include mismatch, base excision, nucleotide excision, and double-strand DNA (dsDNA) break repair. Concurrent with regulation of the cell cycle, these mechanisms are precisely executed to ensure full restoration of damaged DNA. Failure or inaccuracy in DNA repair contributes to genome instability and loss of genetic information which may lead to mutations resulting in disease or loss of life. A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of DNA damage and its repair provides insight into disease pathogeneses and may facilitate diagnosis and the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Michelle Helena
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Anna Margaretha Joubert
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Simone Grobbelaar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Elsie Magdalena Nolte
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Marcel Nel
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Michael Sean Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Magdalena Coetzee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Anne Elisabeth Mercier
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
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42
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Sallmyr A, Tomkinson AE. Repair of DNA double-strand breaks by mammalian alternative end-joining pathways. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29530982 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.tm117.000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative end-joining (a-EJ) pathways, which repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), are initiated by end resection that generates 3' single strands. This reaction is shared, at least in part, with homologous recombination but distinguishes a-EJ from the major nonhomologous end-joining pathway. Although the a-EJ pathways make only a minor and poorly understood contribution to DSB repair in nonmalignant cells, there is growing interest in these pathways, as they generate genomic rearrangements that are hallmarks of cancer cells. Here, we review and discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms and regulation of a-EJ pathways, the role of a-EJ in human disease, and the potential utility of a-EJ as a therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annahita Sallmyr
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Alan E Tomkinson
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
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43
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Czyż M, Toma M, Gajos-Michniewicz A, Majchrzak K, Hoser G, Szemraj J, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Cheng P, Gritsyuk D, Levesque M, Dummer R, Sliwinski T, Skorski T. PARP1 inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza) exerts synthetic lethal effect against ligase 4-deficient melanomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75551-75560. [PMID: 27705909 PMCID: PMC5342760 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer including melanoma may be ''addicted" to double strand break (DSB) repair and targeting this process could sensitize them to the lethal effect of DNA damage. PARP1 exerts an important impact on DSB repair as it binds to both single- and double- strand breaks. PARP1 inhibitors might be highly effective drugs triggering synthetic lethality in patients whose tumors have germline or somatic defects in DNA repair genes. We hypothesized that PARP1-dependent synthetic lethality could be induced in melanoma cells displaying downregulation of DSB repair genes. We observed that PARP1 inhibitor olaparib sensitized melanomas with reduced expression of DNA ligase 4 (LIG4) to an alkylatimg agent dacarbazine (DTIC) treatment in vitro, while normal melanocytes remained intact. PARP1 inhibition caused accumulation of DSBs, which was associated with apoptosis in LIG4 deficient melanoma cells. Our hypothesis that olaparib is synthetic lethal with LIG4 deficiency in melanoma cells was supported by selective anti-tumor effects of olaparib used either alone or in combination with dacarbazine (DTIC) in LIG4 deficient, but not LIG4 proficient cells. In addition, olaparib combined with DTIC inhibited the growth of LIG4 deficient human melanoma xenografts. This work for the first time demonstrates the effectiveness of a combination of PARP1 inhibitor olaparib and alkylating agent DTIC for treating LIG4 deficient melanomas. In addition, analysis of the TCGA and transcriptome microarray databases revealed numerous individual melanoma samples potentially displaying specific defects in DSB repair pathways, which may predispose them to synthetic lethality triggered by PARP1 inhibitor combined with a cytotoxic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Czyż
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Toma
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Gajos-Michniewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kinga Majchrzak
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Grazyna Hoser
- Department of Flow Cytometry, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Phil Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, and University of Zürich, CH-8952, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Gritsyuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, and University of Zürich, CH-8952, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, and University of Zürich, CH-8952, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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44
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De Wilde B, Beckers A, Lindner S, Kristina A, De Preter K, Depuydt P, Mestdagh P, Sante T, Lefever S, Hertwig F, Peng Z, Shi LM, Lee S, Vandermarliere E, Martens L, Menten B, Schramm A, Fischer M, Schulte J, Vandesompele J, Speleman F. The mutational landscape of MYCN, Lin28b and ALKF1174L driven murine neuroblastoma mimics human disease. Oncotarget 2017; 9:8334-8349. [PMID: 29492199 PMCID: PMC5823580 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models have proven to be essential tools for unraveling fundamental aspects of cancer biology and for testing novel therapeutic strategies. To optimally serve these goals, it is essential that the mouse model faithfully recapitulates the human disease. Recently, novel mouse models for neuroblastoma have been developed. Here, we report on the further genomic characterization through exome sequencing and DNA copy number analysis of four of the currently available murine neuroblastoma model systems (ALK, Th-MYCN, Dbh-MYCN and Lin28b). The murine tumors revealed a low number of genomic alterations – in keeping with human neuroblastoma - and a positive correlation of the number of genetic lesions with the time to onset of tumor formation was observed. Gene copy number alterations are the hallmark of both murine and human disease and frequently affect syntenic genomic regions. Despite low mutational load, the genes mutated in murine disease were found to be enriched for genes mutated in human disease. Taken together, our study further supports the validity of the tested mouse models for mechanistic and preclinical studies of human neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram De Wilde
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sven Lindner
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Althoff Kristina
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Katleen De Preter
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pauline Depuydt
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Mestdagh
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Sante
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steve Lefever
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Falk Hertwig
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Zhiyu Peng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Le-Ming Shi
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Fudan-Zhangjiang Center for Clinical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sangkyun Lee
- Department of Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence Group, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Elien Vandermarliere
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Martens
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Schulte
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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45
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Newman EA, Chukkapalli S, Bashllari D, Thomas TT, Van Noord RA, Lawlor ER, Hoenerhoff MJ, Opipari AW, Opipari VP. Alternative NHEJ pathway proteins as components of MYCN oncogenic activity in human neural crest stem cell differentiation: implications for neuroblastoma initiation. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:3208. [PMID: 29238067 PMCID: PMC5870584 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a cancer of neural crest stem cell (NCSC) lineage. Signaling pathways that regulate NCSC differentiation have been implicated in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. This is exemplified by MYCN oncogene targets that balance proliferation, differentiation, and cell death similarly in normal NCSC and in high-risk neuroblastoma. Our previous work discovered a survival mechanism by which MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma circumvents cell death by upregulating components of the error-prone non-canonical alternative nonhomologous end-joining (alt-NHEJ) DNA repair pathway. Similar to proliferating stem cells, high-risk neuroblastoma cells have enhanced DNA repair capacity, overcoming DNA damage with higher repair efficiency than somatic cells. Adequate DNA maintenance is required for lineage protection as stem cells proliferate and during tumor progression to overcome oncogene-induced replication stress. On this basis, we hypothesized that alt-NHEJ overexpression in neuroblastoma is a cancer cell survival mechanism that originates from DNA repair systems of NCSC, the presumed progenitor cell of origin. A human NCSC model was generated in which inducible MYCN triggered an immortalized phenotype capable of forming metastatic neuroectodermal tumors in mice, resembling human neuroblastoma. Critical alt-NHEJ components (DNA Ligase III, DNA Ligase I, and Poly [ADP-ribose polymerase 1]) were highly expressed in normal early NCSC, and decreased as cells became terminally differentiated. Constitutive MYCN expression maintained high alt-NHEJ protein expression, preserving the expression pattern of the immature neural phenotype. siRNA knockdown of alt-NHEJ components reversed MYCN effects on NCSC proliferation, invasion, and migration. DNA Ligase III, Ligase I, and PARP1 silencing significantly decreased neuroblastoma markers expression (TH, Phox2b, and TRKB). These results utilized the first human NCSC model of neuroblastoma to uncover an important link between MYCN and alt-NHEJ expression in developmental tumor initiation, setting precedence to investigate alt-NHEJ repair mechanics in neuroblastoma DNA maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika A Newman
- Department of Surgery, C.S. Mott Children and Women's Hospital, Mott Solid Tumor Oncology Program, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Sahiti Chukkapalli
- Department of Surgery, C.S. Mott Children and Women's Hospital, Mott Solid Tumor Oncology Program, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniela Bashllari
- Department of Surgery, C.S. Mott Children and Women's Hospital, Mott Solid Tumor Oncology Program, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tina T Thomas
- Department of Surgery, C.S. Mott Children and Women's Hospital, Mott Solid Tumor Oncology Program, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Raelene A Van Noord
- Department of Surgery, C.S. Mott Children and Women's Hospital, Mott Solid Tumor Oncology Program, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Lawlor
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, C.S. Mott Children and Women's Hospital, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- In Vivo Animal Core (IVAC), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony W Opipari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Children and Women's Hospital, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Valerie P Opipari
- Department of Pediatrics, C.S. Mott Children and Women's Hospital, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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46
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Howes TRL, Sallmyr A, Brooks R, Greco GE, Jones DE, Matsumoto Y, Tomkinson AE. Structure-activity relationships among DNA ligase inhibitors: Characterization of a selective uncompetitive DNA ligase I inhibitor. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 60:29-39. [PMID: 29078112 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In human cells, there are three genes that encode DNA ligase polypeptides with distinct but overlapping functions. Previously small molecule inhibitors of human DNA ligases were identified using a structure-based approach. Three of these inhibitors, L82, a DNA ligase I (LigI)-selective inhibitor, and L67, an inhibitor of LigI and DNA ligases III (LigIII), and L189, an inhibitor of all three human DNA ligases, have related structures that are composed of two 6-member aromatic rings separated by different linkers. Here we have performed a structure-activity analysis to identify determinants of activity and selectivity. The majority of the LigI-selective inhibitors had a pyridazine ring whereas the LigI/III- and LigIII-selective inhibitors did not. In addition, the aromatic rings in LigI-selective inhibitors had either arylhydrazone or acylhydrazone, but not vinyl linkers. Among the LigI-selective inhibitors, L82-G17 exhibited increased activity against and selectivity for LigI compared with L82. Notably. L82-G17 is an uncompetitive inhibitor of the third step of the ligation reaction, phosphodiester bond formation. Cells expressing LigI were more sensitive to L82-G17 than isogenic LIG1 null cells. Furthermore, cells lacking nuclear LigIIIα, which can substitute for LigI in DNA replication, were also more sensitive to L82-G17 than isogenic parental cells. Together, our results demonstrate that L82-G17 is a LigI-selective inhibitor with utility as a probe of the catalytic activity and cellular functions of LigI and provide a framework for the future design of DNA ligase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R L Howes
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Annahita Sallmyr
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Rhys Brooks
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - George E Greco
- Department of Chemistry, Goucher College, Baltimore, MD 21204, United States
| | - Darin E Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, United States
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Alan E Tomkinson
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
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47
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McNally JR, O'Brien PJ. Kinetic analyses of single-stranded break repair by human DNA ligase III isoforms reveal biochemical differences from DNA ligase I. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15870-15879. [PMID: 28751376 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.804625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans have three genes encoding DNA ligases with conserved structural features and activities, but they also have notable differences. The LIG3 gene encodes a ubiquitous isoform in all tissues (LIG3α) and a germ line-specific splicing isoform (LIG3β) that differs in the C-terminal domain. Both isoforms are found in the nucleus and the mitochondria. Here, we determined the kinetics and thermodynamics of single-stranded break ligation by LIG3α and LIG3β and compared this framework to that of LIG1, the nuclear replicative ligase. The kinetic parameters of the LIG3 isoforms are nearly identical under all tested conditions, indicating that the BRCA1 C terminal (BRCT) domain specific to LIG3α does not alter ligation kinetics. Although LIG3 is only 22% identical to LIG1 across their conserved domains, the two enzymes had very similar maximal ligation rates. Comparison of the rate and equilibrium constants for LIG3 and LIG1 nevertheless revealed important differences. The LIG3 isoforms were seven times more efficient than LIG1 at ligating nicked DNA under optimal conditions, mainly because of their lower Km value for the DNA substrate. This could explain why LIG3 is less prone to abortive ligation than LIG1. Surprisingly, the affinity of LIG3 for Mg2+ was ten times weaker than that of LIG1, suggesting that Mg2+ availability regulates DNA ligation in vivo, because Mg2+ levels are higher in the mitochondria than in the nucleus. The biochemical differences between the LIG3 isoforms and LIG1 identified here will guide the understanding of both unique and overlapping biological roles of these critical enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R McNally
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Patrick J O'Brien
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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48
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Fujii N. Potential Strategies to Target Protein-Protein Interactions in the DNA Damage Response and Repair Pathways. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9932-9959. [PMID: 28654754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article discusses some insights about generating novel mechanistic inhibitors of the DNA damage response and repair (DDR) pathways by focusing on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of the key DDR components. General requirements for PPI strategies, such as selecting the target PPI site on the basis of its functionality, are discussed first. Next, on the basis of functional rationale and biochemical feasibility to identify a PPI inhibitor, 26 PPIs in DDR pathways (BER, MMR, NER, NHEJ, HR, TLS, and ICL repair) are specifically discussed for inhibitor discovery to benefit cancer therapies using a DNA-damaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Fujii
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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49
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Zhu L, Sturgis EM, Lu Z, Zhang H, Wei P, Wei Q, Li G. Association between miRNA-binding site polymorphisms in double-strand break repair genes and risk of recurrence in patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the non-oropharynx. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:432-438. [PMID: 28334093 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms at miRNA-binding sites may affect miRNA-mediated gene regulation. Thus, miRNA-binding site polymorphisms in double-strand break (DSB) repair genes may affect DNA repair capacity, which in turn could affect cancer prognosis. To determine whether miRNA-binding site polymorphisms in DSB repair genes are associated with the risk of recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the non-oropharynx (SCCNOP), we used a log-rank test and multivariable Cox models to evaluate the associations between miRNA-binding site polymorphisms in DSB repair genes and SCCNOP recurrence. Compared with patients without common homozygous genotypes, patients with the variant genotypes of ATM rs227091, LIG3 rs4796030, and RAD51 rs7180135 had significantly better disease-free survival (DFS) (log-rank P = 0.046, 0.002, and 0.041, respectively) and lower risk of disease recurrence [HR (95% CI) = 0.7 (0.6-0.9), 0.6 (0.5-0.9), and 0.7 (0.6-0.9), respectively]. Furthermore, patients with the variant genotypes of these 3 polymorphisms had significantly lower recurrence risk than those without common homozygous genotypes did [HR = 0.3 (95% CI = 0.2-0.7)]. Among patients who received chemoradiation, those with the individual or combined variant genotypes of the three polymorphisms had a significantly lower risk of disease recurrence than those with the individual or combined common homozygous genotypes did. The individual or combined variant genotypes of the ATM rs227091, LIG3 rs4796030, and RAD51 rs7180135 polymorphisms significantly modify the risk of SCCNOP recurrence, particularly for patients treated with chemoradiation. Future prospective studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to validate these findings to enable more effective personalized treatment for SCCNOP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1445, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Erich M Sturgis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1445, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhongming Lu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1445, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1445, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264000, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1445, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, FCT4.6044, Houston, TX 77030, USA and
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1445, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1445, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Knudsen KE. There and Back Again: The Middle Earth of DNA Repair. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:895-897. [PMID: 27742842 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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