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Kim JS, Taaffe DR, Galvão DA, Clay TD, Redfern AD, Gray ES, Newton RU. Enhancing circulatory myokines and extracellular vesicle uptake with targeted exercise in patients with prostate cancer (the MYEX trial): a single-group crossover study. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:784. [PMID: 38951803 PMCID: PMC11218391 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity is associated with improved disease progression and cancer-specific survival in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). However, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear, while the relative impact of exercise modes is unknown. This study aims to examine the differential impact of exercise mode on tumour-suppressive skeletal muscle-associated systemic molecules as well as their delivery mechanism. This study will compare the effects of the two main exercise modes, aerobic and resistance, on (1) circulatory myokine levels, (2) skeletal muscle-induced extracellular vesicle abundance and cargo contents, and (3) uptake of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in PCa cells in patients with localised or advanced PCa. METHODS A single-group cross-over design will be used for patients at opposite ends of the disease spectrum. A total of 32 patients (localised PCa, n = 16; metastatic castrate-resistant PCa, n = 16) will be recruited while capitalising on two ongoing studies. Ethics amendment has been approved for two ongoing trials to share data, implement the acute exercise sessions, and collect additional blood samples from patients. The patients will undertake two exercise sessions (aerobic only and resistance only) in random order one week apart. Blood will be collected before, after, and 30 min post-exercise. Circulating/EV-contained myokine levels (irisin, IL-6, IL-15, FGF-21, and SPARC) and plasma skeletal muscle-induced EVs will be measured using ELISA and flow cytometry. PCa cell line growth with or without collected plasma will be examined using PCa cell lines (LNCaP, DU-145, and PC-3), while evaluating cellular uptake of EVs. Ethics amendments have been approved for two capitalising studies to share data, implement acute exercise sessions and collect additional samples from the patients. DISCUSSION If findings show a differential impact of exercise mode on the establishment of an anti-cancer systemic environment, this will provide fundamental knowledge for developing targeted exercise prescriptions for patients with PCa across different disease stages. Findings will be reported in peer-reviewed publications and scientific conferences, in addition to working with national support groups to translate findings for the broader community. TRIAL REGISTRATION The registration for the two capitalising studies are NCT02730338 and ACTRN12618000225213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Soo Kim
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Timothy D Clay
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew D Redfern
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Elin S Gray
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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Parashar D, Mukherjee T, Gupta S, Kumar U, Das K. MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles: A potential role in cancer progression. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111263. [PMID: 38897529 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Intercellular communication, an essential biological process in multicellular organisms, is mediated by direct cell-to-cell contact and cell secretary molecules. Emerging evidence identifies a third mechanism of intercellular communication- the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane-enclosed nanosized bodies, released from cells into the extracellular environment, often found in all biofluids. The growing body of research indicates that EVs carry bioactive molecules in the form of proteins, DNA, RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), lipids, metabolites, etc., and upon transferring them, alter the phenotypes of the target recipient cells. Interestingly, the abundance of EVs is found to be significantly higher in different diseased conditions, most importantly cancer. In the past few decades, numerous studies have identified EV miRNAs as an important contributor in the pathogenesis of different types of cancer. However, the underlying mechanism behind EV miRNA-associated cancer progression and how it could be used as a targeted therapy remain ill-defined. The present review highlights how EV miRNAs influence essential processes in cancer, such as growth, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, stemness, immune evasion, resistance to therapy, etc. A special emphasis has been given to the potential role of EV miRNAs as cancer biomarkers. The final section of the review delineates the ongoing clinical trials on the role of miRNAs in the progression of different types of cancer. Targeting EV miRNAs could be a potential therapeutic means in the treatment of different forms of cancer alongside conventional therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Parashar
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA.
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), NH09, Adhyatmik Nagar, Ghaziabad 201015, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Kaushik Das
- Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council-National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani 741251, West Bengal, India.
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Pachane BC, Selistre-de-Araujo HS. The Role of αvβ3 Integrin in Cancer Therapy Resistance. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1163. [PMID: 38927370 PMCID: PMC11200931 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A relevant challenge for the treatment of patients with neoplasia is the development of resistance to chemo-, immune-, and radiotherapies. Although the causes of therapy resistance are poorly understood, evidence suggests it relies on compensatory mechanisms that cells develop to replace specific intracellular signaling that should be inactive after pharmacological inhibition. One such mechanism involves integrins, membrane receptors that connect cells to the extracellular matrix and have a crucial role in cell migration. The blockage of one specific type of integrin is frequently compensated by the overexpression of another integrin dimer, generally supporting cell adhesion and migration. In particular, integrin αvβ3 is a key receptor involved in tumor resistance to treatments with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and radiotherapy; however, the specific inhibition of the αvβ3 integrin is not enough to avoid tumor relapse. Here, we review the role of integrin αvβ3 in tumor resistance to therapy and the mechanisms that have been proposed thus far. Despite our focus on the αvβ3 integrin, it is important to note that other integrins have also been implicated in drug resistance and that the collaborative action between these receptors should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Cruz Pachane
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Heloisa S. Selistre-de-Araujo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
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Németh A, Bányai GL, Dobos NK, Kós T, Gaál A, Varga Z, Buzás EI, Khamari D, Dank M, Takács I, Szász AM, Garay T. Extracellular vesicles promote migration despite BRAF inhibitor treatment in malignant melanoma cells. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:282. [PMID: 38778340 PMCID: PMC11110207 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) constitute a vital component of intercellular communication, exerting significant influence on metastasis formation and drug resistance mechanisms. Malignant melanoma (MM) is one of the deadliest forms of skin cancers, because of its high metastatic potential and often acquired resistance to oncotherapies. The prevalence of BRAF mutations in MM underscores the importance of BRAF-targeted therapies, such as vemurafenib and dabrafenib, alone or in combination with the MEK inhibitor, trametinib. This study aimed to elucidate the involvement of EVs in MM progression and ascertain whether EV-mediated metastasis promotion persists during single agent BRAF (vemurafenib, dabrafenib), or MEK (trametinib) and combined BRAF/MEK (dabrafenib/trametinib) inhibition.Using five pairs of syngeneic melanoma cell lines, we assessed the impact of EVs - isolated from their respective supernatants - on melanoma cell proliferation and migration. Cell viability and spheroid growth assays were employed to evaluate proliferation, while migration was analyzed through mean squared displacement (MSD) and total traveled distance (TTD) measurements derived from video microscopy and single-cell tracking.Our results indicate that while EV treatments had remarkable promoting effect on cell migration, they exerted only a modest effect on cell proliferation and spheroid growth. Notably, EVs demonstrated the ability to mitigate the inhibitory effects of BRAF inhibitors, albeit they were ineffective against a MEK inhibitor and the combination of BRAF/MEK inhibitors. In summary, our findings contribute to the understanding of the intricate role played by EVs in tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrodité Németh
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gréta L Bányai
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett K Dobos
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kós
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Gaál
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry; Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry; Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit I Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SE Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Delaram Khamari
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Dank
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Division of Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Takács
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Division of Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Marcell Szász
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Division of Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Garay
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Division of Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Shams SGE, Ocampo RJ, Rahman S, Makhlouf MM, Ali J, Elnashar MM, Ebrahim HL, Abd Elmageed ZY. Decoding the secrets of small extracellular vesicle communications: exploring the inhibition of vesicle-associated pathways and interception strategies for cancer treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:1957-1980. [PMID: 38859839 PMCID: PMC11162651 DOI: 10.62347/jwmx3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer disease is the second leading cause of death worldwide. In 2023, about 2 million new cancer cases and 609,820 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. The driving forces of cancer progression and metastasis are widely varied and comprise multifactorial events. Although there is significant success in treating cancer, patients still present with tumors at advanced stages. Therefore, the discovery of novel oncologic pathways has been widely developed. Tumor cells communicate with each other through small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which contribute to tumor-stromal interaction and promote tumor growth and metastasis. sEV-specific inhibitors are being investigated as a next-generation cancer therapy. A literature search was conducted to discuss different options for targeting sEV pathways in cancer cells. However, there are some challenges that need to be addressed in targeting sEVs: i) specificity and toxicity of sEV inhibitor, ii) targeted delivery of sEV inhibitors, iii) combination of sEV inhibitors with current standard chemotherapy to improve patients' clinical outcomes, and iv) data reproducibility and applicability at distinct levels of the disease. Despite these challenges, sEV inhibitors have immense potential for effectively treating cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams GE Shams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Ron-Joseph Ocampo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Sanna Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Maysoon M Makhlouf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Jihad Ali
- School of Medicine, Medipol UniversityKavacik, Beykoz 34810, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Magdy M Elnashar
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin UniversityBentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Hassan L Ebrahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Zakaria Y Abd Elmageed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
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Zhang X, Liang M, Song D, Huang R, Chen C, Liu X, Chen H, Wang Q, Sun X, Song J, Zhang J, Kang H, Zeng X. Both protein and non-protein components in extracellular vesicles of human seminal plasma improve human sperm function via CatSper-mediated calcium signaling. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:658-673. [PMID: 38335261 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the significance and mechanism of human seminal plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) in regulating human sperm functions? SUMMARY ANSWER EV increases the intracellular Ca2+ concentrations [Ca2+]i via extracellular Ca2+ influx by activating CatSper channels, and subsequently modulate human sperm motility, especially hyperactivated motility, which is attributed to both protein and non-protein components in EV. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY EVs are functional regulators of human sperm function, and EV cargoes from normal and asthenozoospermic seminal plasma are different. Pre-fusion of EV with sperm in the acidic and non-physiological sucrose buffer solution could elevate [Ca2+]i in human sperm. CatSper, a principle Ca2+ channel in human sperm, is responsible for the [Ca2+]i regulation when sperm respond to diverse extracellular stimuli. However, the role of CatSper in EV-evoked calcium signaling and its potential physiological significance remain unclear. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION EV isolated from the seminal plasma of normal and asthenozoospermic semen were utilized to investigate the mechanism by which EV regulates calcium signal in human sperm, including the involvement of CatSper and the responsible cargoes in EV. In addition, the clinical application potential of EV and EV protein-derived peptides were also evaluated. This is a laboratory study that went on for more than 5 years and involved more than 200 separate experiments. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Semen donors were recruited in accordance with the Institutional Ethics Committee on human subjects of the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital. The Flow NanoAnalyzer, western blotting, and transmission electron microscope were used to systematically characterize seminal plasma EV. Sperm [Ca2+]i responses were examined by fluorimetric measurement. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was performed to record CatSper currents. Sperm motility parameters were assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis. Sperm hyperactivation was also evaluated by examining their penetration ability in viscous methylcellulose media. Protein and non-protein components in EV were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrum. The levels of prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde, and DNA integrity were detected by commercial kits. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE EV increased [Ca2+]i via an extracellular Ca2+ influx, which could be suppressed by a CatSper inhibitor. Also, EV potentiated CatSper currents in human sperm. Furthermore, the EV-in [Ca2+]i increase and CatSper currents were absent in a CatSper-deficient sperm, confirming the crucial role of CatSper in EV induced Ca2+ signaling in human sperm. Both proteins and non-protein components of EV contributed to the increase of [Ca2+]i, which were important for the effects of EV on human sperm. Consequently, EV and its cargos promoted sperm hyperactivated motility. In addition, seminal plasma EV protein-derived peptides, such as NAT1-derived peptide (N-P) and THBS-1-derived peptide (T-P), could activate the sperm calcium signal and enhance sperm function. Interestingly, EV derived from asthenozoospermic semen caused a lower increase of [Ca2+]i than that isolated from normal seminal plasma (N-EV), and N-EV significantly improved sperm motility and function in both asthenozoospermic samples and frozen-thawed sperm. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This was an in vitro study and caution must be taken when extrapolating the physiological relevance to in vivo regulation of sperm. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings demonstrate that the CatSper-mediated-Ca2+ signaling is involved in EV-modulated sperm function under near physiological conditions, and EV and their derivates are a novel CatSper and sperm function regulators with potential for clinical application. They may be developed to improve sperm motility resulting from low [Ca2+]i response and/or freezing and thawing. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32271167), the Social Development Project of Jiangsu Province (BE2022765), the Nantong Social and People's Livelihood Science and Technology Plan (MS22022087), the Basic Science Research Program of Nantong (JC22022086), and the Jiangsu Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Plan (JSSCRC2021543). The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Min Liang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rongzu Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Houyang Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingxin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hang Kang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xuhui Zeng
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Santi A, Kay EJ, Neilson LJ, McGarry L, Lilla S, Mullin M, Paul NR, Fercoq F, Koulouras G, Rodriguez Blanco G, Athineos D, Mason S, Hughes M, Thomson G, Kieffer Y, Nixon C, Blyth K, Mechta-Grigoriou F, Carlin LM, Zanivan S. Cancer-associated fibroblasts produce matrix-bound vesicles that influence endothelial cell function. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eade0580. [PMID: 38470957 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ade0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Intercellular communication between different cell types in solid tumors contributes to tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. The secretome of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) plays major roles in these processes. Using human mammary CAFs, we showed that CAFs with a myofibroblast phenotype released extracellular vesicles that transferred proteins to endothelial cells (ECs) that affected their interaction with immune cells. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics identified proteins transferred from CAFs to ECs, which included plasma membrane receptors. Using THY1 as an example of a transferred plasma membrane-bound protein, we showed that CAF-derived proteins increased the adhesion of a monocyte cell line to ECs. CAFs produced high amounts of matrix-bound EVs, which were the primary vehicles of protein transfer. Hence, our work paves the way for future studies that investigate how CAF-derived matrix-bound EVs influence tumor pathology by regulating the function of neighboring cancer, stromal, and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Santi
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Emily J Kay
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Lisa J Neilson
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Lynn McGarry
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Margaret Mullin
- College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Nikki R Paul
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Grigorios Koulouras
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | | | | | - Susan Mason
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Mark Hughes
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Gemma Thomson
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Yann Kieffer
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
- INSERM, U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
- INSERM, U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Leo M Carlin
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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Zhang C, Qin C, Dewanjee S, Bhattacharya H, Chakraborty P, Jha NK, Gangopadhyay M, Jha SK, Liu Q. Tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer invasion and metastasis: molecular mechanisms, and clinical significance. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:18. [PMID: 38243280 PMCID: PMC10797874 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The production and release of tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (TDSEVs) from cancerous cells play a pivotal role in the propagation of cancer, through genetic and biological communication with healthy cells. TDSEVs are known to orchestrate the invasion-metastasis cascade via diverse pathways. Regulation of early metastasis processes, pre-metastatic niche formation, immune system regulation, angiogenesis initiation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, immune modulation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are among the pathways regulated by TDSEVs. MicroRNAs (miRs) carried within TDSEVs play a pivotal role as a double-edged sword and can either promote metastasis or inhibit cancer progression. TDSEVs can serve as excellent markers for early detection of tumors, and tumor metastases. From a therapeutic point of view, the risk of cancer metastasis may be reduced by limiting the production of TDSEVs from tumor cells. On the other hand, TDSEVs represent a promising approach for in vivo delivery of therapeutic cargo to tumor cells. The present review article discusses the recent developments and the current views of TDSEVs in the field of cancer research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-Oncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chaoying Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-Oncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Hiranmoy Bhattacharya
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre of Research Impact and Outreach, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Moumita Gangopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat, Kolkata, 700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110008, India.
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neuro-Oncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
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9
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Samaržija I. The Potential of Extracellular Matrix- and Integrin Adhesion Complex-Related Molecules for Prostate Cancer Biomarker Discovery. Biomedicines 2023; 12:79. [PMID: 38255186 PMCID: PMC10813710 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the top five cancer types according to incidence and mortality. One of the main obstacles in prostate cancer management is the inability to foresee its course, which ranges from slow growth throughout years that requires minimum or no intervention to highly aggressive disease that spreads quickly and resists treatment. Therefore, it is not surprising that numerous studies have attempted to find biomarkers of prostate cancer occurrence, risk stratification, therapy response, and patient outcome. However, only a few prostate cancer biomarkers are used in clinics, which shows how difficult it is to find a novel biomarker. Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) through integrins is among the essential processes that govern its fate. Upon activation and ligation, integrins form multi-protein intracellular structures called integrin adhesion complexes (IACs). In this review article, the focus is put on the biomarker potential of the ECM- and IAC-related molecules stemming from both body fluids and prostate cancer tissue. The processes that they are involved in, such as tumor stiffening, bone turnover, and communication via exosomes, and their biomarker potential are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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10
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Testa A, Quaglia F, Naranjo NM, Verrillo CE, Shields CD, Lin S, Pickles MW, Hamza DF, Von Schalscha T, Cheresh DA, Leiby B, Liu Q, Ding J, Kelly WK, Hooper DC, Corey E, Plow EF, Altieri DC, Languino LR. Targeting the αVβ3/NgR2 pathway in neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Matrix Biol 2023; 124:49-62. [PMID: 37956856 PMCID: PMC10823877 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Highly aggressive, metastatic, neuroendocrine prostate cancer, which typically develops from prostate cancer cells acquiring resistance to androgen deprivation therapy, is associated with limited treatment options and hence poor prognosis. We have previously demonstrated that the αVβ3 integrin is over-expressed in neuroendocrine prostate cancer. We now show that LM609, a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the human αVβ3 integrin, hinders the growth of neuroendocrine prostate cancer patient-derived xenografts in vivo. Our group has recently identified a novel αVβ3 integrin binding partner, NgR2, responsible for regulating the expression of neuroendocrine markers and for inducing neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer cells. Through in vitro functional assays, we here demonstrate that NgR2 is crucial in promoting cell adhesion to αVβ3 ligands. Moreover, we describe for the first time co-fractionation of αVβ3 integrin and NgR2 in small extracellular vesicles derived from metastatic prostate cancer patients' plasma. These prostate cancer patient-derived small extracellular vesicles have a functional impact on human monocytes, increasing their adhesion to fibronectin. The monocytes incubated with small extracellular vesicles do not show an associated change in conventional polarization marker expression and appear to be in an early stage that may be defined as "adhesion competent". Overall, these findings allow us to better understand integrin-directed signaling and cell-cell communication during cancer progression. Furthermore, our results pave the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives for patients affected by neuroendocrine prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Testa
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fabio Quaglia
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicole M Naranjo
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Cecilia E Verrillo
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christopher D Shields
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stephen Lin
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Maxwell W Pickles
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Drini F Hamza
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tami Von Schalscha
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - David A Cheresh
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin Leiby
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qin Liu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jianyi Ding
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William K Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - D Craig Hooper
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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11
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Guo S, Huang J, Li G, Chen W, Li Z, Lei J. The role of extracellular vesicles in circulating tumor cell-mediated distant metastasis. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:193. [PMID: 38037077 PMCID: PMC10688140 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research has demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are very closely related in the process of distant tumor metastasis. Primary tumors are shed and released into the bloodstream to form CTCs that are referred to as seeds to colonize and grow in soil-like distant target organs, while EVs of tumor and nontumor origin act as fertilizers in the process of tumor metastasis. There is no previous text that provides a comprehensive review of the role of EVs on CTCs during tumor metastasis. In this paper, we reviewed the mechanisms of EVs on CTCs during tumor metastasis, including the ability of EVs to enhance the shedding of CTCs, protect CTCs in circulation and determine the direction of CTC metastasis, thus affecting the distant metastasis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyin Guo
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Genpeng Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jianyong Lei
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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12
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Trinidad CV, Pathak HB, Cheng S, Tzeng SC, Madan R, Sardiu ME, Bantis LE, Deighan C, Jewell A, Rayamajhi S, Zeng Y, Godwin AK. Lineage specific extracellular vesicle-associated protein biomarkers for the early detection of high grade serous ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18341. [PMID: 37884576 PMCID: PMC10603107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
High grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) accounts for ~ 70% of ovarian cancer cases. Non-invasive, highly specific blood-based tests for pre-symptomatic screening in women are crucial to reducing the mortality associated with this disease. Since most HGSOCs typically arise from the fallopian tubes (FT), our biomarker search focused on proteins found on the surface of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by both FT and HGSOC tissue explants and representative cell lines. Using mass spectrometry, 985 EV proteins (exo-proteins) were identified that comprised the FT/HGSOC EV core proteome. Transmembrane exo-proteins were prioritized because these could serve as antigens for capture and/or detection. With a nano-engineered microfluidic platform, six newly discovered exo-proteins (ACSL4, IGSF8, ITGA2, ITGA5, ITGB3, MYOF) plus a known HGSOC associated protein, FOLR1 exhibited classification performance ranging from 85 to 98% in a case-control study using plasma samples representative of early (including stage IA/B) and late stage (stage III) HGSOCs. Furthermore, by a linear combination of IGSF8 and ITGA5 based on logistic regression analysis, we achieved a sensitivity of 80% with 99.8% specificity and a positive predictive value of 13.8%. Importantly, these exo-proteins also can accurately discriminate between ovarian and 12 types of cancers commonly diagnosed in women. Our studies demonstrate that these lineage-associated exo-biomarkers can detect ovarian cancer with high specificity and sensitivity early and potentially while localized to the FT when patient outcomes are more favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille V Trinidad
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Harsh B Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 3040, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Shibo Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Rashna Madan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 3040, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Mihaela E Sardiu
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Leonidas E Bantis
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Andrea Jewell
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sagar Rayamajhi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 3040, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 3040, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- Kansas Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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13
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Jiang S, Su H. Cellular crosstalk of mesangial cells and tubular epithelial cells in diabetic kidney disease. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:288. [PMID: 37845726 PMCID: PMC10577991 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease and imposes a heavy global economic burden; however, little is known about its complicated pathophysiology. Investigating the cellular crosstalk involved in DKD is a promising avenue for gaining a better understanding of its pathogenesis. Nonetheless, the cellular crosstalk of podocytes and endothelial cells in DKD is better understood than that of mesangial cells (MCs) and renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs). As the significance of MCs and TECs in DKD pathophysiology has recently become more apparent, we reviewed the existing literature on the cellular crosstalk of MCs and TECs in the context of DKD to acquire a comprehensive understanding of their cellular communication. Insights into the complicated mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of DKD would improve its early detection, care, and prognosis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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14
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Liang H, Zhang L, Zhao X, Rong J. The therapeutic potential of exosomes in lung cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1181-1212. [PMID: 37365450 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common malignancies globally. Besides early detection and surgical resection, there is currently no effective curative treatment for metastatic advanced LC. Exosomes are endogenous nano-extracellular vesicles produced by somatic cells that play an important role in the development and maintenance of normal physiology. Exosomes can carry proteins, peptides, lipids, nucleic acids, and various small molecules for intra- and intercellular material transport or signal transduction. LC cells can maintain their survival, proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis, by producing or interacting with exosomes. Basic and clinical data also show that exosomes can be used to suppress LC cell proliferation and viability, induce apoptosis, and enhance treatment sensitivity. Due to the high stability and target specificity, good biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity of exosomes, they show promise as vehicles of LC therapy. CONCLUSION We have written this comprehensive review to communicate the LC treatment potential of exosomes and their underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that overall, LC cells can exchange substances or crosstalk with themselves or various other cells in the surrounding TME or distant organs through exosomes. Through this, they can modulate their survival, proliferation, stemness, migration, and invasion, EMT, metastasis, and apoptotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Liang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 210, BaiTa Street, Hunnan District, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangxuan Zhao
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Pediatrics, PICU, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Boussios S, Devo P, Goodall ICA, Sirlantzis K, Ghose A, Shinde SD, Papadopoulos V, Sanchez E, Rassy E, Ovsepian SV. Exosomes in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Renal Cell Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14356. [PMID: 37762660 PMCID: PMC10531522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most prevalent type of kidney cancer originating from renal tubular epithelial cells, with clear cell RCC comprising approximately 80% of cases. The primary treatment modalities for RCC are surgery and targeted therapy, albeit with suboptimal efficacies. Despite progress in RCC research, significant challenges persist, including advanced distant metastasis, delayed diagnosis, and drug resistance. Growing evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in multiple aspects of RCC, including tumorigenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug response. These membrane-bound vesicles are released into the extracellular environment by nearly all cell types and are capable of transferring various bioactive molecules, including RNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids, aiding intercellular communication. The molecular cargo carried by EVs renders them an attractive resource for biomarker identification, while their multifarious role in the RCC offers opportunities for diagnosis and targeted interventions, including EV-based therapies. As the most versatile type of EVs, exosomes have attracted much attention as nanocarriers of biologicals, with multi-range signaling effects. Despite the growing interest in exosomes, there is currently no widely accepted consensus on their subtypes and properties. The emerging heterogeneity of exosomes presents both methodological challenges and exciting opportunities for diagnostic and clinical interventions. This article reviews the characteristics and functions of exosomes, with a particular reference to the recent advances in their application to the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Kent Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7LX, UK
- AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki–Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Perry Devo
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK; (P.D.); (I.C.A.G.); (S.V.O.)
| | - Iain C. A. Goodall
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK; (P.D.); (I.C.A.G.); (S.V.O.)
| | - Konstantinos Sirlantzis
- School of Engineering, Technology and Design, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, UK;
| | - Aruni Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.)
- Barts Cancer Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Northwood HA6 2RN, UK
- Immuno-Oncology Clinical Network, London, UK
| | - Sayali D. Shinde
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | | | - Elisabet Sanchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (A.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Elie Rassy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institut, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Saak V. Ovsepian
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK; (P.D.); (I.C.A.G.); (S.V.O.)
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16
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Trinidad C, Pathak H, Cheng S, Tzeng SC, Madan R, Sardiu M, Bantis L, Deighan C, Jewell A, Zeng Y, Godwin A. Lineage specific extracellular vesicle-associated protein biomarkers for the early detection of high grade serous ovarian cancer. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2814022. [PMID: 37205573 PMCID: PMC10187430 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2814022/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
High grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) accounts for ~ 70% of ovarian cancer cases. Non-invasive, highly specific blood-based tests for pre-symptomatic screening in women are crucial to reducing the mortality associated with this disease. Since most HGSOCs typically arise from the fallopian tubes (FT), our biomarker search focused on proteins found on the surface of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by both FT and HGSOC tissue explants and representative cell lines. Using mass spectrometry, 985 EV proteins (exo-proteins) were identified that comprised the FT/HGSOC EV core proteome. Transmembrane exo-proteins were prioritized because these could serve as antigens for capture and/or detection. With a nano-engineered microfluidic platform, six newly discovered exo-proteins (ACSL4, IGSF8, ITGA2, ITGA5, ITGB3, MYOF) plus a known HGSOC associated protein, FOLR1 exhibited classification performance ranging from 85-98% in a case-control study using plasma samples representative of early (including stage IA/B) and late stage (stage III) HGSOCs. Furthermore, by linear combination of IGSF8 and ITGA5 based on logistic regression analysis, we achieved a sensitivity of 80% (99.8% specificity). These lineage-associated exo-biomarkers have potential to detect cancer while localized to the FT when patient outcomes are more favorable.
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17
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Araujo-Abad S, Manresa-Manresa A, Rodríguez-Cañas E, Fuentes-Baile M, García-Morales P, Mallavia R, Saceda M, de Juan Romero C. New therapy for pancreatic cancer based on extracellular vesicles. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114657. [PMID: 37023623 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is the most common aggressive cancer of the pancreas. The standard care of PDAC includes tumor resection and chemotherapy, but the lack of early diagnosis and the limited response to the treatment worsens the patient's condition. In order to improve the efficiency of chemotherapy, we look for more efficient systems of drug delivery. We isolated and fully characterized small Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) from the RWP-1 cell line. Our study indicates that the direct incubation method was the most efficient loading protocol and that a minimum total amount of drug triggers an effect on tumor cells. Therefore, we loaded the small EVs with two chemotherapeutic drugs (Temozolomide and EPZ015666) by direct incubation method and the amount of drug loaded was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Finally, we tested their antiproliferative effect on different cancer cell lines. Moreover, the system is highly dependent on the drug structure and therefore RWP-1 small EVsTMZ were more efficient than RWP-1 small EVsEPZ015666. RWP-1 derived small EVs represent a promising drug delivery tool that can be further investigated in preclinical studies and its combination with PRMT5 inhibitor can be potentially developed in clinical trials for the treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Araujo-Abad
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain; Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Avda. Pio Jaramillo Alvarado s/n, Loja, 110111 Loja, Ecuador
| | - Antonio Manresa-Manresa
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Rodríguez-Cañas
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - María Fuentes-Baile
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Morales
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ricardo Mallavia
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Saceda
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Camino de Juan Romero
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain.
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18
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Araujo-Abad S, Manresa-Manresa A, Rodríguez-Cañas E, Fuentes-Baile M, García-Morales P, Mallavia R, Saceda M, de Juan Romero C. Glioblastoma-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: Nanoparticles for Glioma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065910. [PMID: 36982984 PMCID: PMC10054028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), characterized by fast growth and invasion into adjacent tissue, is the most aggressive cancer of brain origin. Current protocols, which include cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, effectively treat localized disease; however, these aggressive therapies present side effects due to the high doses administered. Therefore, more efficient ways of drug delivery have been studied to reduce the therapeutic exposure of the patients. We have isolated and fully characterized small extracellular vesicles (EVs) from seven patient-derived GBM cell lines. After loading them with two different drugs, Temozolomide (TMZ) and EPZ015666, we observed a reduction in the total amount of drugs needed to trigger an effect on tumor cells. Moreover, we observed that GBM-derived small EVs, although with lower target specificity, can induce an effect on pancreatic cancer cell death. These results suggest that GBM-derived small EVs represent a promising drug delivery tool for further preclinical studies and potentially for the clinical development of GBM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Araujo-Abad
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Loja 110111, Ecuador
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Unidad de Investigación, 03203 Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Manresa-Manresa
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Unidad de Investigación, 03203 Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Rodríguez-Cañas
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - María Fuentes-Baile
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Unidad de Investigación, 03203 Alicante, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Morales
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ricardo Mallavia
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Saceda
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Unidad de Investigación, 03203 Alicante, Spain
| | - Camino de Juan Romero
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Unidad de Investigación, 03203 Alicante, Spain
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Godoy LA, Chen J, Ma W, Lally J, Toomey KA, Rajappa P, Sheridan R, Mahajan S, Stollenwerk N, Phan CT, Cheng D, Knebel RJ, Li T. Emerging precision neoadjuvant systemic therapy for patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer: current status and perspectives. Biomark Res 2023; 11:7. [PMID: 36650586 PMCID: PMC9847175 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, targeted therapy for oncogene-driven NSCLC and immune checkpoint inhibitors for non-oncogene-driven NSCLC, respectively, have greatly improved the survival and quality of life for patients with unresectable NSCLC. Increasingly, these biomarker-guided systemic therapies given before or after surgery have been used in patients with early-stage NSCLC. In March 2022, the US FDA granted the approval of neoadjuvant nivolumab and chemotherapy for patients with stage IB-IIIA NSCLC. Several phase II/III trials are evaluating the clinical efficacy of various neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations for non-oncogene-driven NSCLC and neoadjuvant molecular targeted therapies for oncogene-driven NSCLC, respectively. However, clinical application of precision neoadjuvant treatment requires a paradigm shift in the biomarker testing and multidisciplinary collaboration at the diagnosis of early-stage NSCLC. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the current diagnosis and treatment landscape, recent advances, new challenges in biomarker testing and endpoint selections, practical considerations for a timely multidisciplinary collaboration at diagnosis, and perspectives in emerging neoadjuvant precision systemic therapy for patients with resectable, early-stage NSCLC. These biomarker-guided neoadjuvant therapies hold the promise to improve surgical and pathological outcomes, reduce systemic recurrences, guide postoperative therapy, and improve cure rates in patients with resectable NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Godoy
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joy Chen
- Medical Student, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Weijie Ma
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jag Lally
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kyra A Toomey
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Prabhu Rajappa
- Medical Service, Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Roya Sheridan
- Medical Service, Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Shirish Mahajan
- Medical Service, Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Stollenwerk
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Medical Service, Pulmonology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Chinh T Phan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Medical Service, Pulmonology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Danny Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Knebel
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Tianhong Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- Medical Service, Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA.
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20
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Cao Y, Xu P, Shen Y, Wu W, Chen M, Wang F, Zhu Y, Yan F, Gu W, Lin Y. Exosomes and cancer immunotherapy: A review of recent cancer research. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1118101. [PMID: 36727049 PMCID: PMC9885269 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1118101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As phospholipid extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by various cells, exosomes contain non-coding RNA (ncRNA), mRNA, DNA fragments, lipids, and proteins, which are essential for intercellular communication. Several types of cells can secrete exosomes that contribute to cancer initiation and progression. Cancer cells and the immune microenvironment interact and restrict each other. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) have become essential players in this balance because they carry information from the original cancer cells and express complexes of MHC class I/II epitopes and costimulatory molecules. In the present study, we aimed to identify potential targets for exosome therapy by examining the specific expression and mechanism of exosomes derived from cancer cells. We introduced TDEs and explored their role in different tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), with a particular emphasis on gastrointestinal cancers, before briefly describing the therapeutic strategies of exosomes in cancer immune-related therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cao
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Hematology, Soochow Hopes Hematology Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangling Shen
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuandong Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiying Gu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Yan Lin, ; Weiying Gu,
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Yan Lin, ; Weiying Gu,
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21
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Huang L, Wang F, Wang X, Su C, Wu S, Yang C, Luo M, Zhang J, Fu L. M2-like macrophage-derived exosomes facilitate metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer by delivering integrin αVβ3. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 4:e191. [PMID: 36582304 PMCID: PMC9789322 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the most prevalent cause of cancer deaths, and immunological components of the tumor microenvironment, especially tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), play a vital role in cancer metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms of TAMs on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis remain largely unexplored. Herein, we demonstrated that M2-like TAMs facilitate the migration and invasion of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo through intercellular delivery of M2-like macrophage-derived exosomes (M2-exos). Importantly, we found that M2-exos had considerably higher levels of integrin (ITG) αV and β3. The impact of M2-like macrophage-mediated invasion and migration of NSCLC cells was clearly decreased when ITG αVβ3 was blocked. Mechanistically, exosomal ITG αVβ3 produced from M2-like macrophages successfully triggered the focal adhesion kinase signaling pathway in recipient cells, boosting the migratory and invasive abilities of NSCLC cells. Clinically, we found that metastatic NSCLC patients had greater ITG αV and β3 expression, which was associated with a worse prognosis. This study reveals a novel mechanism by which M2-exos significantly increased NSCLC cell migration and invasion by delivering integrin αVβ3. Exosomal ITG αVβ3 can be used as a potential prognostic marker, and blocking ITG αVβ3 could be a viable treatment option for preventing tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Xueping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Chaoyue Su
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical PharmacologyNMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Shaocong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Chuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Min Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical PharmacologyNMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouP. R. China
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22
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Chen JR, Zhao JT, Xie ZZ. Integrin-mediated cancer progression as a specific target in clinical therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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23
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Nanomedicine for targeting the lung cancer cells by interpreting the signaling pathways. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Islam MK, Dhondt B, Syed P, Khan M, Gidwani K, Webber J, Hendrix A, Jenster G, Lamminen T, Boström PJ, Pettersson K, Lamminmäki U, Leivo J. Integrins are enriched on aberrantly fucosylated tumour-derived urinary extracellular vesicles. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e64. [PMID: 38939212 PMCID: PMC11080809 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are enriched with glycosylated proteins which have been extensively studied as putative biomarkers of urological cancers. Here, we characterized the glycosylation and integrin profile of EVs derived from urological cancer cell lines. We used fluorescent europium-doped nanoparticles coated with lectins and antibodies to identify a biomarker combination consisting of integrin subunit alpha 3 (ITGA3) and fucose. In addition, we used the same cancer cell line-derived EVs as analytical standards to assess the sensitivity of the ITGA3-UEA assay. The clinical performance of the ITGA3-UEA assay was analysed using urine samples of various urological pathologies including diagnostically challenging benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer (PCa) and bladder cancer (BlCa). The assay can significantly discriminate BlCa from all other patient groups: PCa (9.2-fold; p = 0.00038), BPH (5.5-fold; p = 0.004) and healthy individuals (and 23-fold; p = 0.0001). Our results demonstrate that aberrantly fucosylated uEVs and integrin ITGA3 can be detected with fucose-specific lectin UEA in a simple bioaffinity assay for the detection of BlCa directly from unprocessed urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Khirul Islam
- Department of Life TechnologiesDivision of BiotechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship CenterUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Bert Dhondt
- Department of UrologyGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
- Laboratory for Experimental Cancer ResearchDepartment of Human Structure and RepairGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cancer Research InstituteGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | | | - Misba Khan
- Department of Life TechnologiesDivision of BiotechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Kamlesh Gidwani
- Department of Life TechnologiesDivision of BiotechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Jason Webber
- Institute of Life Science 1Swansea University Medical SchoolSwanseaUK
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory for Experimental Cancer ResearchDepartment of Human Structure and RepairGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cancer Research InstituteGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of UrologyErasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tarja Lamminen
- Department of UrologyTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Peter J. Boström
- Department of UrologyTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Kim Pettersson
- Department of Life TechnologiesDivision of BiotechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Urpo Lamminmäki
- Department of Life TechnologiesDivision of BiotechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship CenterUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Janne Leivo
- Department of Life TechnologiesDivision of BiotechnologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship CenterUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
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25
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Kugeratski FG, Santi A, Zanivan S. Extracellular vesicles as central regulators of blood vessel function in cancer. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eaaz4742. [PMID: 36166511 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaz4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels deliver oxygen and nutrients that sustain tumor growth and enable the dissemination of cancer cells to distant sites and the recruitment of intratumoral immune cells. In addition, the structural and functional abnormalities of the tumor vasculature foster the development of an aggressive tumor microenvironment and impair the efficacy of existing cancer therapies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as major players of tumor progression, and a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that EVs derived from cancer cells trigger multiple responses in endothelial cells that alter blood vessel function in tumors. EV-mediated signaling in endothelial cells can occur through the transfer of functional cargos such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, cirRNAs, and proteins. Moreover, membrane-bound proteins in EVs can elicit receptor-mediated signaling in endothelial cells. Together, these mechanisms reprogram endothelial cells and contribute to the sustained exacerbated angiogenic signaling typical of tumors, which, in turn, influences cancer progression. Targeting these angiogenesis-promoting EV-dependent mechanisms may offer additional strategies to normalize tumor vasculature. Here, we discuss the current knowledge pertaining to the contribution of cancer cell-derived EVs in mechanisms regulating blood vessel functions in tumors. Moreover, we discuss the translational opportunities in targeting the dysfunctional tumor vasculature using EVs and highlight the open questions in the field of EV biology that can be addressed using mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G Kugeratski
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Alice Santi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Zanivan
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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26
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Raghavan KS, Francescone R, Franco-Barraza J, Gardiner JC, Vendramini-Costa DB, Luong T, Pourmandi N, Andren A, Kurimchak A, Ogier C, Campbell PM, Duncan JS, Lyssiotis CA, Languino LR, Cukierman E. NetrinG1 + cancer-associated fibroblasts generate unique extracellular vesicles that support the survival of pancreatic cancer cells under nutritional stress. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1017-1036. [PMID: 36310768 PMCID: PMC9608356 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is projected that in 5 years, pancreatic cancer will become the second deadliest cancer in the United States. A unique aspect of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is its stroma; rich in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and a dense CAF-generated extracellular matrix (ECM). These pathogenic stroma CAF/ECM units cause the collapse of local blood vessels rendering the tumor microenvironment nutrient-poor. PDAC cells are able to survive this state of nutrient stress via support from CAF-secreted material, which includes small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). The tumor-supportive CAFs possess a distinct phenotypic profile, compared to normal-like fibroblasts, expressing NetrinG1 (NetG1) at the plasma membrane, and active Integrin α5β1 localized to the multivesicular bodies; traits indicative of poor patient survival. We herein report that NetG1+ CAFs secrete sEVs that stimulate Akt-mediated survival in nutrient-deprived PDAC cells, protecting them from undergoing apoptosis. Further, we show that NetG1 expression in CAFs is required for the pro-survival properties of sEVs. Additionally, we report that the above-mentioned CAF markers are secreted in distinct subpopulations of EVs; with NetG1 being enriched in exomeres, and Integrin α5β1 being enriched in exosomes. Finally, we found that NetG1 and Integrin α5β1 were detected in sEVs collected from plasma of PDAC patients, while their levels were significantly lower in plasma-derived sEVs of sex/age-matched healthy donors. The discovery of these tumor-supporting CAF-EVs elucidates novel avenues in tumor-stroma interactions and pathogenic stroma detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher S. Raghavan
- Doctoral program in Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ralph Francescone
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Janusz Franco-Barraza
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jaye C. Gardiner
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Débora Barbosa Vendramini-Costa
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tiffany Luong
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Narges Pourmandi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony Andren
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alison Kurimchak
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charline Ogier
- Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul M. Campbell
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James S. Duncan
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lucia R. Languino
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Correspondence. Corresponding Author: Edna Cukierman. 333 Cottman Ave, W428. Philadelphia PA. 19111. Tel 251 214-4218,
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27
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Lopatina T, Sarcinella A, Brizzi MF. Tumour Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Challenging Target to Blunt Tumour Immune Evasion. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14164020. [PMID: 36011012 PMCID: PMC9406972 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumour onset and development occur because of specific immune support. The immune system, which is originally able to perceive and eliminate incipient cancer cells, becomes suppressed and hijacked by cancer. For these purposes, tumour cells use extracellular vesicles (TEVs). Specific molecular composition allows TEVs to reprogram immune cells towards tumour tolerance. Circulating TEVs move from their site of origin to other organs, preparing “a fertile soil” for metastasis formation. This implies that TEV molecular content can provide a valuable tool for cancer biomarker discovery and potential targets to reshape the immune system into tumour recognition and eradication. Abstract Control of the immune response is crucial for tumour onset and progression. Tumour cells handle the immune reaction by means of secreted factors and extracellular vesicles (EV). Tumour-derived extracellular vesicles (TEV) play key roles in immune reprogramming by delivering their cargo to different immune cells. Tumour-surrounding tissues also contribute to tumour immune editing and evasion, tumour progression, and drug resistance via locally released TEV. Moreover, the increase in circulating TEV has suggested their underpinning role in tumour dissemination. This review brings together data referring to TEV-driven immune regulation and antitumour immune suppression. Attention was also dedicated to TEV-mediated drug resistance.
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28
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Geng X, Chang B, Shan J. Role and correlation of exosomes and integrins in bone metastasis of prostate cancer. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14550. [PMID: 35934932 DOI: 10.1111/and.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent tumours of the male genitourinary system in the world. In recent years, the morbidity of PCa is steadily rising annually in China. Prostate cancer is prone to distant metastasis, and the most significant complication among patients with advanced PCa is bone metastases. Most patients with prostate cancer do not die of the primary tumour, but more due to the factors of distant metastasis of organs, especially bone metastasis. Due to the lack of effective prevention and monitoring of bone metastasis of PCa in clinical settings, and the lack of effective treatment for patients with bone metastasis, the prognosis of patients is often poor. Therefore, early prevention, early detection, and inhibition of bone metastasis are particularly important. At present, many studies have found that exosomes and integrins are closely related to bone metastasis of prostate cancer, but they have not been summarized together. This review summarizes the literature on the effects of exosomes and integrins on bone metastasis of prostate cancer in recent years. It aims to find more effective ways to prevent, monitor, and treat prostate cancer from the relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Geng
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Baoyuan Chang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Shan
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
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Al Faruque H, Choi ES, Kim JH, Kim E. Enhanced effect of autologous EVs delivering paclitaxel in pancreatic cancer. J Control Release 2022; 347:330-346. [PMID: 35561870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We engineered human pancreatic cancer cell (PANC-1)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) by conjugating the functional ligand RGD and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) onto EV surfaces (rmExo), for pancreatic cancer therapy. Paclitaxel (PTX) loaded into rmExo (rmExo-PTX) was intravenously injected into xenograft mice prepared using PANC-1 cells, which showed a significant reduction in tumor size compared to the free PTX-treated and control groups. The enhanced therapeutic effect was attributed to the modification of the surface of EVs using RGD, which has affinity for αvβ3 that is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, autologous EVs seemed to have more benefits in delivering PTX due to an unknown homing property to parent tumor cells, as exemplified by the reduced therapeutic effect of RGD-modified PANC-1 EVs on HT29 xenograft mice and RGD-modified U937 EVs on PANC-1 xenograft mice. The RGD-modified autologous EV vehicles were effective at penetrating and internalizing tumor cells, and eventually regressing the tumors, by mediating spontaneous removal of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen type 1 in the extracellular matrix of xenografts. Our results also identified an important molecule involved in the home-driving properties of PANC-1 EVs, integrin β3, which was expressed both on PANC-1 cells and the EVs derived from them. Additional therapeutic effect by permanent magnet near tumor xenograft was not observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Al Faruque
- Division of Bio-Fusion Research, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Techno-jungangdaero 333, Daegue 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Sook Choi
- Division of Electronic Information System Research, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Techno-jungangdaero 333, Daegue 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- Division of Electronic Information System Research, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Techno-jungangdaero 333, Daegue 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Division of Electronic Information System Research, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Techno-jungangdaero 333, Daegue 42988, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Cheng J, Wang X, Yuan X, Liu G, Chu Q. Emerging roles of exosome-derived biomarkers in cancer theranostics: messages from novel protein targets. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2226-2248. [PMID: 35693088 PMCID: PMC9185602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective biomarkers that guide therapeutics with limited adverse effects, have emerged as attractive research topics in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cancer-derived exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles representing molecular signatures of cells of origin, could serve as stable reservoirs for potential biomarkers (i.e., proteins, nucleic acids) in non-invasive cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, the physiological and pathological roles of exosomes and their protein components in facilitating tumorigenesis are highlighted. Exosomes carrying proteins can participate in tumor development and progression through multiple signaling pathways, including EMT, invasion and metastasis. Meanwhile, the practical applications of exosomal proteins in detecting and monitoring several solid-tumor cancers (including lung, breast, pancreatic, colorectal and prostate cancers) were also summarized. More clinically relevant, exosomal proteins play pivotal roles in transmitting oncogenic potential or resistance to therapies in recipient cells, which might further support therapeutic strategy determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongjia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Nanjing, Nanjing Xiaozhuang UniversityNanjing 211171, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Nanjing, Nanjing Xiaozhuang UniversityNanjing 211171, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuechun Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Nanjing, Nanjing Xiaozhuang UniversityNanjing 211171, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
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31
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Bertolini I, Perego M, Ghosh JC, Kossenkov AV, Altieri DC. NFκB activation by hypoxic small extracellular vesicles drives oncogenic reprogramming in a breast cancer microenvironment. Oncogene 2022; 41:2520-2525. [PMID: 35354906 PMCID: PMC9040905 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) contribute to the crosstalk between tumor cells and stroma, but the underlying signals are elusive. Here, we show that sEV generated by breast cancer cells in hypoxic (sEVHYP), but not normoxic (sEVNORM) conditions activate NFκB in recipient normal mammary epithelial cells. This increases the production and release of inflammatory cytokines, promotes mitochondrial dynamics leading to heightened cell motility and disrupts 3D mammary acini architecture with aberrant cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis and EMT. Mechanistically, Integrin-Linked Kinase packaged in sEVHYP via HIF1α is sufficient to activate NFκB in the normal mammary epithelium, in vivo. Therefore, sEVHYP activation of NFκB drives multiple oncogenic steps of inflammation, mitochondrial dynamics, and mammary gland morphogenesis in a breast cancer microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bertolini
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michela Perego
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jagadish C. Ghosh
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Andrew V. Kossenkov
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104,Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dario C. Altieri
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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32
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Bergonzini C, Kroese K, Zweemer AJM, Danen EHJ. Targeting Integrins for Cancer Therapy - Disappointments and Opportunities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:863850. [PMID: 35356286 PMCID: PMC8959606 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.863850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins mediate adhesive interactions between cells and their environment, including neighboring cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). These heterodimeric transmembrane receptors bind extracellular ligands with their globular head domains and connect to the cytoskeleton through multi-protein interactions at their cytoplasmic tails. Integrin containing cell–matrix adhesions are dynamic force-responsive protein complexes that allow bidirectional mechanical coupling of cells with their environment. This allows cells to sense and modulate tissue mechanics and regulates intracellular signaling impacting on cell faith, survival, proliferation, and differentiation programs. Dysregulation of these functions has been extensively reported in cancer and associated with tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. This central role in multiple hallmarks of cancer and their localization on the cell surface makes integrins attractive targets for cancer therapy. However, despite a wealth of highly encouraging preclinical data, targeting integrin adhesion complexes in clinical trials has thus far failed to meet expectations. Contributing factors to therapeutic failure are 1) variable integrin expression, 2) redundancy in integrin function, 3) distinct roles of integrins at various disease stages, and 4) sequestering of therapeutics by integrin-containing tumor-derived extracellular vesicles. Despite disappointing clinical results, new promising approaches are being investigated that highlight the potential of integrins as targets or prognostic biomarkers. Improvement of therapeutic delivery at the tumor site via integrin binding ligands is emerging as another successful approach that may enhance both efficacy and safety of conventional therapeutics. In this review we provide an overview of recent encouraging preclinical findings, we discuss the apparent disagreement between preclinical and clinical results, and we consider new opportunities to exploit the potential of integrin adhesion complexes as targets for cancer therapy.
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Araujo-Abad S, Saceda M, de Juan Romero C. Biomedical application of small extracellular vesicles in cancer treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114117. [PMID: 35065142 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by almost all cell types in vivo or in vitro. Among them, exosomes are small nanovesicles with a lipid bilayer, proteins and RNAs actively involved in cellular communication, suggesting that they may be used both as biomarkers and for therapeutic purposes in diseases such as cancer. Moreover, the idea of using them as drug delivery vehicle arises as a promising field of study. Here, we reviewed recent findings showing the importance of EVs, with special focus in exosomes as biomarkers including the most relevant proteins found in different cancer types and it is discussed the FDA approved tests which use exosomes in clinical practice. Finally, we present an overview of the different chimeric EVs developed in the last few years, demonstrating that they can be conjugate to nanoparticles, biomolecules, cancer drugs, etc., and can be developed for a specific cancer treatment. Additionally, we summarized the clinical trials where EVs are used in the treatment of several cancer types aiming to improve the prognosis of these deadly diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Araujo-Abad
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain; Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Avda. Pio Jaramillo Alvarado s/n, Loja, 110111 Loja, Ecuador
| | - Miguel Saceda
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Camino de Juan Romero
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Camí de l'Almazara 11, Elche, 03203 Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda, Universidad s/n, Ed. Torregaitán, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
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34
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Role of tumour-derived exosomes in metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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35
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Hsu MT, Wang YK, Tseng YJ. Exosomal Proteins and Lipids as Potential Biomarkers for Lung Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030732. [PMID: 35158999 PMCID: PMC8833740 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Exosomes (or extracellular vesicles) are known to mediate intercellular communication and to transmit molecular signals between cells. Molecules carried by exosomes have their own molecular roles in affecting surrounding and distant environment, as well as recipient cells. Molecular components of exosomes can be used as cancer biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, being promising therapeutic targets for the interruption of cellular signals. Therefore, the understanding of the molecular compositions and their functional indications of exosomes has the potential to help doctors to diagnose and monitor diseases and to allow researchers to design and develop potential targeted therapies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive protein and lipid characterization of lung cancer exosomes and to explore their molecular functions and mechanisms regulating physiological and pathological processes. This organization offers informative insight for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. Abstract Exosomes participate in cell–cell communication by transferring molecular components between cells. Previous studies have shown that exosomal molecules derived from cancer cells and liquid biopsies can serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The exploration of the molecules transferred by lung cancer-derived exosomes can advance the understanding of exosome-mediated signaling pathways and mechanisms. However, the molecular characterization and functional indications of exosomal proteins and lipids have not been comprehensively organized. This review thoroughly collected data concerning exosomal proteins and lipids from various lung cancer samples, including cancer cell lines and cancer patients. As potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, exosomal proteins and lipids are available for clinical use in lung cancer. Potential therapeutic targets are mentioned for the future development of lung cancer therapy. Molecular functions implying their possible roles in exosome-mediated signaling are also discussed. Finally, we emphasized the importance and value of lung cancer stem cell-derived exosomes in lung cancer therapy. In summary, this review presents a comprehensive description of the protein and lipid composition and function of lung cancer-derived exosomes for lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tsung Hsu
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ke Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
| | - Yufeng Jane Tseng
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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36
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Nestler T, Dalvi P, Haidl F, Wittersheim M, von Brandenstein M, Paffenholz P, Wagener-Ryczek S, Pfister D, Koitzsch U, Hellmich M, Buettner R, Odenthal M, Heidenreich A. Transcriptome analysis reveals upregulation of immune response pathways at the invasive tumour front of metastatic seminoma germ cell tumours. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:937-947. [PMID: 35022523 PMCID: PMC8927344 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) have a high metastasis rate. However, the mechanisms related to their invasion, progression and metastasis are unclear. Therefore, we investigated gene expression changes that might be linked to metastasis in seminomatous testicular germ cell tumour (STGCT) patients. Methods Defined areas [invasive tumour front (TF) and tumour centre (TC)] of non-metastatic (with surveillance and recurrence-free follow-up >2 years) and metastatic STGCTs were collected separately using laser capture microdissection. The expression of 760 genes related to tumour progression and metastasis was analysed using nCounter technology and validated with quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Distinct gene expression patterns were observed in metastatic and non-metastatic seminomas with respect to both the TF and TC. Comprehensive pathway analysis showed enrichment of genes related to tumour functions such as inflammation, angiogenesis and metabolism at the TF compared to the TC. Remarkably, prominent inflammatory and cancer-related pathways, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) signalling, integrin signalling and nuclear factor-κB signalling, were significantly upregulated in the TF of metastatic vs non-metastatic tumours. Conclusions IL-6 signalling was the most significantly upregulated pathway in metastatic vs non-metastatic tumours and therefore could constitute a therapeutic target for future personalised therapy. In addition, this is the first study showing intra- and inter-tumour heterogeneity in STGCT.
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Liu Y, Su CY, Yan YY, Wang J, Li JJ, Fu JJ, Wang YQ, Zhang JY. Exosomes of A549 Cells Induced Migration, Invasion, and EMT of BEAS-2B Cells Related to let-7c-5p and miR-181b-5p. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:926769. [PMID: 35898472 PMCID: PMC9309177 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.926769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As carriers containing abundant biological information, exosomes could deliver the property of donor cells to recipient cells. Emerging studies have shown that tumor cells could secrete a mass of exosomes into the microenvironment to regulate bystander cells. However, the underlying mechanisms of such a phenomenon remain largely unexplored. In this research, we purified and identified the exosomes of A549 cells and found that A549-cell-derived exosomes promoted BEAS-2B cells migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Importantly, we observed that let-7c-5p and miR-181b-5p were attenuated in A549-cell-derived exosomes compared to BEAS-2B-cell-derived exosomes. The analysis of miRNA expression level in BEAS-2B cells indicated that incubation with A549-cell-derived exosomes reduced the expression levels of let-7c-5p and miR-181b-5p. In transient transfections assay, we found that downregulation of let-7c-5p and miR-181b-5p simultaneously showed stronger promotion of BEAS-2B cells migration and invasion than individually. Moreover, exosomes secreted from A549 cells with upregulated expression of let-7c-5p and miR-181b-5p significantly reduce their regulatory effect on BEAS-2B cells. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that let-7c-5p and miR-181b-5p inhibit the EMT process mainly by regulating focal adhesion and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Thus, our data demonstrated that A549-cell-derived exosomal let-7c-5p and miR-181b-5p could induce migration, invasion, and EMT in BEAS-2B cells, which might be regulated through focal adhesion and MAPK signaling pathway. The expression level of let-7c-5p and miR-181b-5p may show great significance for the early diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Yue Su
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yan Yan
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Jia-Jun Li
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Jun Fu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Ye Zhang, ; Yu-Qing Wang, ; Ji-Jun Fu,
| | - Yu-Qing Wang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Ye Zhang, ; Yu-Qing Wang, ; Ji-Jun Fu,
| | - Jian-Ye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Ye Zhang, ; Yu-Qing Wang, ; Ji-Jun Fu,
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Hou S, Wang J, Li W, Hao X, Hang Q. Roles of Integrins in Gastrointestinal Cancer Metastasis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:708779. [PMID: 34869579 PMCID: PMC8634653 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.708779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are a large family of heterodimeric transmembrane receptors which mediate cell adhesion and transmit signals to the cell interior. The mechanistic roles of integrins have long been an enigma in cancer, given its complexity in regulating different cellular behaviors. Recently, however, increasing research is providing new insights into its function and the underlying mechanisms, which collectively include the influences of altered integrin expression on the aberrant signaling pathways and cancer progression. Many studies have also demonstrated the potentiality of integrins as therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. In this review, we have summarized these recent reports and put a particular emphasis on the dysregulated expression of integrins and how they regulate related signaling pathways to facilitate the metastatic progression of gastrointestinal cancer, including gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC), which will address the crucial roles of integrins in gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin Hao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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IFIT3 (interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3) modulates STAT1 expression in small extracellular vesicles. Biochem J 2021; 478:3905-3921. [PMID: 34622927 PMCID: PMC9121857 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the αvβ6 integrin plays a key role in promoting prostate cancer (PrCa) and it can be transferred to recipient cells via small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Furthermore, we have reported in a proteomic analysis that αvβ6 integrin down-regulation increases the expression of IFIT3 (interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3) in PrCa cells and their derived sEVs. IFIT3 is a protein well known for being an antiviral effector, but recently its role in cancer has also been elucidated. To study the relationship between IFIT3 and STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1), an upstream regulator of IFIT3, in PrCa cells and their released sEVs, we used CRISPR/Cas9 techniques to down-regulate the expression of the β6 integrin subunit, IFIT3 or STAT1. Our results show that IFIT3 and STAT1 are highly expressed in PrCa cells devoid of the β6 integrin subunit. However, IFIT3 but not STAT1, is present in sEVs derived from PrCa cells lacking the β6 integrin subunit. We demonstrate that loss of IFIT3 generates sEVs enriched in STAT1 but reduces the levels of STAT1 in the cells. As expected, IFIT3 is not detectable in STAT1 negative cells or sEVs. We thus propose that the observed STAT1 enrichment in sEVs is a compensatory mechanism for the loss of IFIT3. Overall, these results provide new insights into the intrinsic role of IFIT3 as a regulator of STAT1 expression in sEVs and in intercellular communication in PrCa.
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40
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Zhang Y, Kim JS, Wang TZ, Newton RU, Galvão DA, Gardiner RA, Hill MM, Taaffe DR. Potential Role of Exercise Induced Extracellular Vesicles in Prostate Cancer Suppression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:746040. [PMID: 34595123 PMCID: PMC8476889 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.746040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is increasingly recognized as a valuable treatment strategy in managing prostate cancer, not only enhancing supportive care but potentially influencing disease outcomes. However, there are limited studies investigating mechanisms of the tumor-suppressive effect of exercise. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as a therapeutic target for cancer as tumor-derived EVs have the potential to promote metastatic capacity by transferring oncogenic proteins, integrins, and microRNAs to other cells and EVs are also involved in developing drug resistance. Skeletal muscle has been identified as an endocrine organ, releasing EVs into the circulation, and levels of EV-containing factors have been shown to increase in response to exercise. Moreover, preclinical studies have demonstrated the tumor-suppressive effect of protein and microRNA contents in skeletal muscle-derived EVs in various cancers, including prostate cancer. Here we review current knowledge of the tumor-derived EVs in prostate cancer progression and metastasis, the role of exercise in skeletal muscle-derived EVs circulating levels and the alteration of their contents, and the potential tumor-suppressive effect of skeletal muscle-derived EV contents in prostate cancer. In addition, we review the proposed mechanism of exercise in the uptake of skeletal muscle-derived EVs in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Tian-Zhen Wang
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Robert A Gardiner
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelle M Hill
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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41
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Exosomes and prostate cancer management. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:101-111. [PMID: 34384877 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes (and other extracellular vesicles) are now part of the cancer research landscape, involved both as players in pathophysiological mechanisms, as biomarkers of the cancer process and as therapeutic tools. One step they have yet to take is to move into routine clinical practice and management of prostate cancer is an example of this necessary maturation. More than for many other cancers and because a possible alternative is active surveillance (neither removal nor destruction), the diagnosis of prostate cancer does not only involve the detection of cancerous cells but also the determination of its true aggressiveness. By measuring TRMPRSS2:ERG fusion and PCA3 transcripts in urine exosomes, the EPI assay seems able to help prostate biopsy decision. Results from clinical studies showed that it can reduce the proportion of unnecessary biopsies while missing only a minimal proportion of clinically significant cancers. In metastatic prostate cancer, after failure of a first step androgen deprivation therapy, when a choice has to be made between a second-generation androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitor and taxane-based chemotherapy, detection of the AR splicing variant AR-V7 in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has appeared promising. Whether exosomes could be a better material (simpler to isolate from the bloodstream than CTCs?) to detect AR-V7 has been suggested by some studies and remains to be confirmed. At last, a couple of exploratory studies either targeted or used exosomes to treat prostate cancer, by respectively inhibiting their secretion (to prevent exosome-mediated transfer of biologically active oncogenic actors), or loading them with immunogenic cancer-specific proteins (to generate anticancer vaccine) or with pharmacologic agents. Overall efforts are however still needed to confirm these results and generalize exosome-based diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic strategies in prostate cancer management.
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Guo S, Hu C, Zhai X, Sun D. Circular RNA 0006602 in plasma exosomes: a new potential diagnostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:6001-6015. [PMID: 34306340 PMCID: PMC8290788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) in exosomes exhibit stable expression and are not easily degraded in plasma; a characteristic that makes them ideal as novel non-invasive tumor diagnostic markers. In this study, we examined different expression of circRNA in plasma exosomes of primary hepatocellular carcinoma patient and healthy volunteer by full transcriptome sequencing. Five circRNAs with up-regulated expression were selected, and large sample size verified their expression. Among them, it is further confirmed that exo_circ_0006602 is up-regulated in the large sample cohort. In addition, the expression level of exo_circ_0006602 was correlated with HBsAg (P<0.011), HBeAg (P=0.048), liver cirrhosis (P=0.001) and Edmondson-Steiner grade (P<0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to evaluate the accuracy of exo_circ_0006602 as a diagnostic marker. The AUC value of exo_circ_0006602 was significantly highter than common serum tumor markers AFP and CEA. Exo_circ_0006602 combined with AFP can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy. Cell function experiments show that exo_circ_0006602 can significantly improve the proliferation and invasion ability of liver cancer cell lines and also promoted the expression of tumor proliferation-related protein Snail. In conclusion, our results suggested that exo_circ_0006602 can be used as a potential non-invasive biomarker for the early diagnosis and screening of liver cancer, the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis are higher than traditional tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Chunxiao Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan, China
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43
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Kugeratski FG, Hodge K, Lilla S, McAndrews KM, Zhou X, Hwang RF, Zanivan S, Kalluri R. Quantitative proteomics identifies the core proteome of exosomes with syntenin-1 as the highest abundant protein and a putative universal biomarker. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:631-641. [PMID: 34108659 PMCID: PMC9290189 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles derived from the endosomal compartment that are potentially involved in intercellular communication. Here, we found that frequently used biomarkers of exosomes are heterogeneous, and do not exhibit universal utility across different cell types. To uncover ubiquitous and abundant proteins, we used an unbiased and quantitative proteomic approach based on super-stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (super-SILAC), coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. In total, 1,212 proteins were quantified in the proteome of exosomes, irrespective of the cellular source or isolation method. A cohort of 22 proteins was universally enriched. Fifteen proteins were consistently depleted in the proteome of exosomes compared to cells. Among the enriched proteins, we identified biogenesis-related proteins, GTPases and membrane proteins, such as CD47 and ITGB1. The cohort of depleted proteins in exosomes was predominantly composed of nuclear proteins. We identified syntenin-1 as a consistently abundant protein in exosomes from different cellular origins. Syntenin-1 is also present in exosomes across different species and biofluids, highlighting its potential use as a putative universal biomarker of exosomes. Our study provides a comprehensive quantitative atlas of core proteins ubiquitous to exosomes that can serve as a resource for the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G Kugeratski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelly Hodge
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathleen M McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xunian Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rosa F Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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44
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Gao Z, Pang B, Li J, Gao N, Fan T, Li Y. Emerging Role of Exosomes in Liquid Biopsy for Monitoring Prostate Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:679527. [PMID: 34017837 PMCID: PMC8129505 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.679527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common solid tumor in men. While patients with local PCa have better prognostic survival, patients with metastatic PCa have relatively high mortality rates. Existing diagnostic methods for PCa rely on tissue biopsy and blood prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection; however, the PSA test does not detect aggressive PCa. Liquid biopsy is a promising technique to overcome tumor heterogeneity in diagnosis, provide more comprehensive information, and track tumor progression over time, allowing for the development of treatment options at all stages of PCa. Exosomes containing proteins and nucleic acids are potential sources of tumor biomarkers. Accumulating evidence indicates that exosomes play important roles in cell communication and tumor progression and are suitable for monitoring PCa progression and metastasis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the use of exosomal proteins and miRNAs as biomarkers for monitoring PCa invasion and metastasis and discuss their feasibility in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bairen Pang
- Faculty of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, St George Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianli Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Faculty of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, St George Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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45
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Ludwig BS, Kessler H, Kossatz S, Reuning U. RGD-Binding Integrins Revisited: How Recently Discovered Functions and Novel Synthetic Ligands (Re-)Shape an Ever-Evolving Field. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071711. [PMID: 33916607 PMCID: PMC8038522 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Integrins, a superfamily of cell adhesion receptors, were extensively investigated as therapeutic targets over the last decades, motivated by their multiple functions, e.g., in cancer (progression, metastasis, angiogenesis), sepsis, fibrosis, and viral infections. Although integrin-targeting clinical trials, especially in cancer, did not meet the high expectations yet, integrins remain highly interesting therapeutic targets. In this article, we analyze the state-of-the-art knowledge on the roles of a subfamily of integrins, which require binding of the tripeptide motif Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) for cell adhesion and signal transduction, in cancer, in tumor-associated exosomes, in fibrosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, we outline the latest achievements in the design and development of synthetic ligands, which are highly selective and affine to single integrin subtypes, i.e., αvβ3, αvβ5, α5β1, αvβ6, αvβ8, and αvβ1. Lastly, we present the substantial progress in the field of nuclear and optical molecular imaging of integrins, including first-in-human and clinical studies. Abstract Integrins have been extensively investigated as therapeutic targets over the last decades, which has been inspired by their multiple functions in cancer progression, metastasis, and angiogenesis as well as a continuously expanding number of other diseases, e.g., sepsis, fibrosis, and viral infections, possibly also Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Although integrin-targeted (cancer) therapy trials did not meet the high expectations yet, integrins are still valid and promising targets due to their elevated expression and surface accessibility on diseased cells. Thus, for the future successful clinical translation of integrin-targeted compounds, revisited and innovative treatment strategies have to be explored based on accumulated knowledge of integrin biology. For this, refined approaches are demanded aiming at alternative and improved preclinical models, optimized selectivity and pharmacological properties of integrin ligands, as well as more sophisticated treatment protocols considering dose fine-tuning of compounds. Moreover, integrin ligands exert high accuracy in disease monitoring as diagnostic molecular imaging tools, enabling patient selection for individualized integrin-targeted therapy. The present review comprehensively analyzes the state-of-the-art knowledge on the roles of RGD-binding integrin subtypes in cancer and non-cancerous diseases and outlines the latest achievements in the design and development of synthetic ligands and their application in biomedical, translational, and molecular imaging approaches. Indeed, substantial progress has already been made, including advanced ligand designs, numerous elaborated pre-clinical and first-in-human studies, while the discovery of novel applications for integrin ligands remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice S. Ludwig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Horst Kessler
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (U.R.); Tel.: +49-89-4140-9134 (S.K.); +49-89-4140-7407 (U.R.)
| | - Ute Reuning
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (U.R.); Tel.: +49-89-4140-9134 (S.K.); +49-89-4140-7407 (U.R.)
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Sung BH, Parent CA, Weaver AM. Extracellular vesicles: Critical players during cell migration. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1861-1874. [PMID: 33811804 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is essential for the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms, contributing to embryogenesis, wound healing, immune response, and other critical processes. It is also involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including immune deficiency disorders and cancer metastasis. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to play important roles in cell migration. Here, we review recent studies describing the functions of EVs in multiple aspects of cell motility, including directional sensing, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and leader-follower behavior. We also discuss the role of EVs in migration during development and disease and the utility of imaging tools for studying the role of EVs in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Hwan Sung
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carole A Parent
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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47
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Onco-Receptors Targeting in Lung Cancer via Application of Surface-Modified and Hybrid Nanoparticles: A Cross-Disciplinary Review. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is among the most prevalent and leading causes of death worldwide. The major reason for high mortality is the late diagnosis of the disease, and in most cases, lung cancer is diagnosed at fourth stage in which the cancer has metastasized to almost all vital organs. The other reason for higher mortality is the uptake of the chemotherapeutic agents by the healthy cells, which in turn increases the chances of cytotoxicity to the healthy body cells. The complex pathophysiology of lung cancer provides various pathways to target the cancerous cells. In this regard, upregulated onco-receptors on the cell surface of tumor including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), integrins, transferrin receptor (TFR), folate receptor (FR), cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) receptor, etc. could be exploited for the inhibition of pathways and tumor-specific drug targeting. Further, cancer borne immunological targets like T-lymphocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and dendritic cells could serve as a target site to modulate tumor activity through targeting various surface-expressed receptors or interfering with immune cell-specific pathways. Hence, novel approaches are required for both the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancers. In this context, several researchers have employed various targeted delivery approaches to overcome the problems allied with the conventional diagnosis of and therapy methods used against lung cancer. Nanoparticles are cell nonspecific in biological systems, and may cause unwanted deleterious effects in the body. Therefore, nanodrug delivery systems (NDDSs) need further advancement to overcome the problem of toxicity in the treatment of lung cancer. Moreover, the route of nanomedicines’ delivery to lungs plays a vital role in localizing the drug concentration to target the lung cancer. Surface-modified nanoparticles and hybrid nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in the field of theranostics. This cross-disciplinary review summarizes the current knowledge of the pathways implicated in the different classes of lung cancer with an emphasis on the clinical implications of the increasing number of actionable molecular targets. Furthermore, it focuses specifically on the significance and emerging role of surface functionalized and hybrid nanomaterials as drug delivery systems through citing recent examples targeted at lung cancer treatment.
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48
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Wang M, Zhao X, Huang F, Wang L, Huang J, Gong Z, Yu W. Exosomal proteins: Key players mediating pre‑metastatic niche formation and clinical implications (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 58:4. [PMID: 33649844 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a destructive characteristic of malignant tumors and the fundamental reason why malignant tumors are difficult to cure. The concept of a pre‑metastatic niche (PMN) provides a novel way to elucidate the molecular mechanism of tumor metastasis. At present, the PMN has been considered as a critical determinant priming distal sites for metastasis. Accumulating evidence has suggested that exosomes are cellular communicators serving a pivotal role in mediating tumor cell metastasis by establishing the PMN. Among exosomal cargos, non‑coding RNAs and proteins are two commonly studied components; however, the latter has received less attention. The present review aimed to summarize the findings regarding cargo proteins selectively loaded in malignant tumor‑derived exosomes. Metastasis‑associated proteins have been demonstrated to be selectively enriched in malignant tumor‑derived exosomes. Exosomal proteins promote PMN formation to mediate the site‑specific metastasis of tumor cells by inducing lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis and permeability, educating stromal cells, remodeling the extracellular matrix, and suppressing the antitumor immune response. These exosomal proteins have great potential in predicting organ‑directed metastasis and prognosis, as well as in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Jiaying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Wanjun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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Soe ZY, Park EJ, Shimaoka M. Integrin Regulation in Immunological and Cancerous Cells and Exosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2193. [PMID: 33672100 PMCID: PMC7926977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins represent the biologically and medically significant family of cell adhesion molecules that govern a wide range of normal physiology. The activities of integrins in cells are dynamically controlled via activation-dependent conformational changes regulated by the balance of intracellular activators, such as talin and kindlin, and inactivators, such as Shank-associated RH domain interactor (SHARPIN) and integrin cytoplasmic domain-associated protein 1 (ICAP-1). The activities of integrins are alternatively controlled by homotypic lateral association with themselves to induce integrin clustering and/or by heterotypic lateral engagement with tetraspanin and syndecan in the same cells to modulate integrin adhesiveness. It has recently emerged that integrins are expressed not only in cells but also in exosomes, important entities of extracellular vesicles secreted from cells. Exosomal integrins have received considerable attention in recent years, and they are clearly involved in determining the tissue distribution of exosomes, forming premetastatic niches, supporting internalization of exosomes by target cells and mediating exosome-mediated transfer of the membrane proteins and associated kinases to target cells. A growing body of evidence shows that tumor and immune cell exosomes have the ability to alter endothelial characteristics (proliferation, migration) and gene expression, some of these effects being facilitated by vesicle-bound integrins. As endothelial metabolism is now thought to play a key role in tumor angiogenesis, we also discuss how tumor cells and their exosomes pleiotropically modulate endothelial functions in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zay Yar Soe
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine, Magway, 7th Mile, Natmauk Road, Magway City 04012, Magway Region, Myanmar
| | - Eun Jeong Park
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-City 514-8507, Mie, Japan;
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-City 514-8507, Mie, Japan;
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50
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Nicolini A, Ferrari P, Biava PM. Exosomes and Cell Communication: From Tumour-Derived Exosomes and Their Role in Tumour Progression to the Use of Exosomal Cargo for Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040822. [PMID: 33669294 PMCID: PMC7920050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recently, within the research community, exosomes, transporters of bioactive molecules involved in many signalling pathways and cell-to-cell communication with the capacity to alter the tumour microenvironment, have been attracting increasing interest among oncologists. These molecules can play multiple roles, e.g., as useful biomarkers in diagnosis, modulators of the immune system, promoters of the formation of the pre-metastatic niches and cancer metastasis and carriers of substances or factors with anticancer properties. This review focuses on the use of exosomes as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Particularly, it highlights the potential of exosomes as carriers of stem cell differentiation stage factors (SCDSFs) for “cell reprogramming” therapy, a promising research field on which we have reported previously. Here, the main characteristics of this treatment and the advantages that can be obtained using mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes up-loaded with the SCDSFs as carriers of these factors are also discussed. Abstract Exosomes are nano-vesicle-shaped particles secreted by various cells, including cancer cells. Recently, the interest in exosomes among cancer researchers has grown enormously for their many potential roles, and many studies have focused on the bioactive molecules that they export as exosomal cargo. These molecules can function as biomarkers in diagnosis or play a relevant role in modulating the immune system and in promoting apoptosis, cancer development and progression. Others, considering exosomes potentially helpful for cancer treatment, have started to investigate them in experimental therapeutic trials. In this review, first, the biogenesis of exosomes and their main characteristics was briefly described. Then, the capability of tumour-derived exosomes and oncosomes in tumour microenvironments (TMEs) remodelling and pre-metastatic niche formation, as well as their interference with the immune system during cancer development, was examined. Finally, the potential role of exosomes for cancer therapy was discussed. Particularly, in addition, their use as carriers of natural substances and drugs with anticancer properties or carriers of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and anticancer vaccines for immunotherapy, exosomes as biological reprogrammers of cancer cells have gained increased consensus. The principal aspects and the rationale of this intriguing therapeutic proposal are briefly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Unit of Oncology 1, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Pier Mario Biava
- Scientific Institute of Research and Care Multimedica, 20099 Milan, Italy;
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