1
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Halpage J, DaSilva Pantoja P, Mancarella S. Prolonged tamoxifen-enriched diet is associated with cardiomyopathy and nutritional frailty in mice. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:513-523. [PMID: 38291801 PMCID: PMC10984784 DOI: 10.1113/ep091668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is required for gene recombination in the inducible Cre/lox system. The TAM-enriched diet is considered safe, with negligible impact on animal wellbeing. However, studies reporting the long-term effects of the TAM diet and its potential impact on experimental outcomes are scarce. We conducted a longitudinal study on mice exposed to a 4-week dietary TAM citrate supplementation. Several parameters were recorded, such as body weight, body composition, mortality, and cardiac function. The collagen1a2 (Col1a2) transgenic mouse was used to assess TAM-induced recombination in vivo in cardiac fibroblasts followed by myocardial infarction (MI). The impact of TAM on the MI outcome was also evaluated. The recombination efficiency and cytotoxic effect of the TAM active metabolite, 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4-OHT), were assessed in vitro. Mice exposed to a TAM diet showed body weight loss and a 10% increase in mortality (P = 0.045). The TAM diet decreased cardiac function and induced cardiac remodeling, indicated by decreased fractional shortening from 32.23% to 19.23% (P = 0.001) and left ventricular (LV) wall thinning. All measured parameters were reversed to normal when mice were returned to a normal diet. Infarcted Col1a2-CreER mice on the TAM regimen showed gene recombination in fibroblasts, but it was associated with a substantial increase in mortality post-surgery (2.5-fold) compared to the controls. In vitro, 4-OHT induced gene editing in fibroblasts; however, cell growth arrest and cytotoxicity were observed at high concentrations. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to the TAM diet can be detrimental and necessitates careful model selection and interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janith Halpage
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Sciences CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | | | - Salvatore Mancarella
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Sciences CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
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2
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Cheng LT, Tan GYT, Chang FP, Wang CK, Chou YC, Hsu PH, Hwang-Verslues WW. Core clock gene BMAL1 and RNA-binding protein MEX3A collaboratively regulate Lgr5 expression in intestinal crypt cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17597. [PMID: 37845346 PMCID: PMC10579233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is highly regenerative. Rapidly proliferating LGR5+ crypt base columnar (CBC) cells are responsible for epithelial turnover needed to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Upon tissue damage, loss of LGR5+ CBCs can be compensated by activation of quiescent +4 intestinal stem cells (ISCs) or early progenitor cells to restore intestinal regeneration. LGR5+ CBC self-renewal and ISC conversion to LGR5+ cells are regulated by external signals originating from the ISC niche. In contrast, little is known about intrinsic regulatory mechanisms critical for maintenance of LGR5+ CBC homeostasis. We found that LGR5 expression in intestinal crypt cells is controlled by the circadian core clock gene BMAL1 and the BMAL1-regulated RNA-binding protein MEX3A. BMAL1 directly activated transcription of Mex3a. MEX3A in turn bound to and stabilized Lgr5 mRNA. Bmal1 depletion reduced Mex3a and Lgr5 expression and led to increased ferroptosis, which consequently decreased LGR5+ CBC numbers and increased the number of crypt cells expressing +4 ISC marker BMI1. Together, these findings reveal a BMAL1-centered intrinsic regulatory pathway that maintains LGR5 expression in the crypt cells and suggest a potential mechanism contributing to ISC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tzu Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Grace Y T Tan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Pei Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kai Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Hung Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Wendy W Hwang-Verslues
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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3
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Chen MY, Zhao FL, Chu WL, Bai MR, Zhang DM. A review of tamoxifen administration regimen optimization for Cre/loxp system in mouse bone study. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115045. [PMID: 37379643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene knockout is a technique routinely used in basic experimental research, particularly in mouse skeletal and developmental studies. Tamoxifen-induced Cre/loxp system is known for its temporal and spatial precision and commonly utilized by researchers. However, tamoxifen has been shown its side effects on affecting the phenotype of mouse bone directly. This review aimed to optimize tamoxifen administration regimens including its dosage and duration, to identify an optimal induction strategy that minimizes potential side effects while maintaining recombination efficacy. This study will help researchers in designing gene knockout experiments in bone when using tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu-Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Lin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming-Ru Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - De-Mao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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4
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Birolini G, Valenza M, Ottonelli I, Talpo F, Minoli L, Cappelleri A, Bombaci M, Caccia C, Canevari C, Trucco A, Leoni V, Passoni A, Favagrossa M, Nucera MR, Colombo L, Paltrinieri S, Bagnati R, Duskey JT, Caraffi R, Vandelli MA, Taroni F, Salmona M, Scanziani E, Biella G, Ruozi B, Tosi G, Cattaneo E. Chronic cholesterol administration to the brain supports complete and long-lasting cognitive and motor amelioration in Huntington's disease. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106823. [PMID: 37336430 PMCID: PMC10463277 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Evidence that Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by impaired cholesterol biosynthesis in the brain has led to strategies to increase its level in the brain of the rapidly progressing R6/2 mouse model, with a positive therapeutic outcome. Here we tested the long-term efficacy of chronic administration of cholesterol to the brain of the slowly progressing zQ175DN knock-in HD mice in preventing ("early treatment") or reversing ("late treatment") HD symptoms. To do this we used the most advanced formulation of cholesterol loaded brain-permeable nanoparticles (NPs), termed hybrid-g7-NPs-chol, which were injected intraperitoneally. We show that one cycle of treatment with hybrid-g7-NPs-chol, administered in the presymptomatic ("early treatment") or symptomatic ("late treatment") stages is sufficient to normalize cognitive defects up to 5 months, as well as to improve other behavioral and neuropathological parameters. A multiple cycle treatment combining both early and late treatments ("2 cycle treatment") lasting 6 months generates therapeutic effects for more than 11 months, without severe adverse reactions. Sustained cholesterol delivery to the brain of zQ175DN mice also reduces mutant Huntingtin aggregates in both the striatum and cortex and completely normalizes synaptic communication in the striatal medium spiny neurons compared to saline-treated HD mice. Furthermore, through a meta-analysis of published and current data, we demonstrated the power of hybrid-g7-NPs-chol and other strategies able to increase brain cholesterol biosynthesis, to reverse cognitive decline and counteract the formation of mutant Huntingtin aggregates. These results demonstrate that cholesterol delivery via brain-permeable NPs is a therapeutic option to sustainably reverse HD-related behavioral decline and neuropathological signs over time, highlighting the therapeutic potential of cholesterol-based strategies in HD patients. DATA AVAILABILITY: This study does not include data deposited in public repositories. Data are available on request to the corresponding authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Birolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Valenza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Ottonelli
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I. Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Talpo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Pathology Department, Evotec, 37135 Verona, Italy; Mouse & Animal Pathology Lab (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelleri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; Mouse & Animal Pathology Lab (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Bombaci
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics. Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Canevari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Arianna Trucco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Alice Passoni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Favagrossa
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Nucera
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Colombo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Renzo Bagnati
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Jason Thomas Duskey
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I. Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Caraffi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I. Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Vandelli
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I. Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics. Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; Mouse & Animal Pathology Lab (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Gerardo Biella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I. Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I. Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy.
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5
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Alsina-Sanchis E, Mülfarth R, Moll I, Böhn S, Wiedmann L, Jordana-Urriza L, Ziegelbauer T, Zimmer E, Taylor J, De Angelis Rigotti F, Stögbauer A, Giaimo BD, Cerwenka A, Borggrefe T, Fischer A, Rodriguez-Vita J. Endothelial RBPJ Is Essential for the Education of Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4414-4428. [PMID: 36200806 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most lethal gynecologic cancers worldwide. EOC cells educate tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) through CD44-mediated cholesterol depletion to generate an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, tumor cells frequently activate Notch1 receptors on endothelial cells (EC) to facilitate metastasis. However, further work is required to establish whether the endothelium also influences the education of recruited monocytes. Here, we report that canonical Notch signaling through RBPJ in ECs is an important player in the education of TAMs and EOC progression. Deletion of Rbpj in the endothelium of adult mice reduced infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages into the TME of EOC and prevented the acquisition of a typical TAM gene signature; this was associated with stronger cytotoxic activity of T cells and decreased tumor burden. Mechanistically, CXCL2 was identified as a novel Notch/RBPJ target gene that regulated the expression of CD44 on monocytes and subsequent cholesterol depletion of TAMs. Bioinformatic analysis of ovarian cancer patient data showed that increased CXCL2 expression is accompanied by higher expression of CD44 and TAM education. Together, these findings indicate that EOC cells induce the tumor endothelium to secrete CXCL2 to establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment. SIGNIFICANCE Endothelial Notch signaling favors immunosuppression by increasing CXCL2 secretion to stimulate CD44 expression in macrophages, facilitating their education by tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisenda Alsina-Sanchis
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ronja Mülfarth
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iris Moll
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Böhn
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Wiedmann
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorea Jordana-Urriza
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tara Ziegelbauer
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eleni Zimmer
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Taylor
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca De Angelis Rigotti
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Tumour-Stroma Communication Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrian Stögbauer
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany Tissue
| | - Tilman Borggrefe
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juan Rodriguez-Vita
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Tumour-Stroma Communication Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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6
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Rashbrook VS, Brash JT, Ruhrberg C. Cre toxicity in mouse models of cardiovascular physiology and disease. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:806-816. [PMID: 37692772 PMCID: PMC7615056 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The Cre-LoxP system provides a widely used method for studying gene requirements in the mouse as the main mammalian genetic model organism. To define the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie cardiovascular development, function and disease, various mouse strains have been engineered that allow Cre-LoxP-mediated gene targeting within specific cell types of the cardiovascular system. Despite the usefulness of this system, evidence is accumulating that Cre activity can have toxic effects in cells, independently of its ability to recombine pairs of engineered LoxP sites in target genes. Here, we have gathered published evidence for Cre toxicity in cells and tissues relevant to cardiovascular biology and provide an overview of mechanisms proposed to underlie Cre toxicity. Based on this knowledge, we propose that each study utilising the Cre-LoxP system to investigate gene function in the cardiovascular system should incorporate appropriate controls to account for Cre toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria S. Rashbrook
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - James T. Brash
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Christiana Ruhrberg
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
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7
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Rusu I, Mennillo E, Bain JL, Li Z, Sun X, Ly KM, Rosli YY, Naser M, Wang Z, Advincula R, Achacoso P, Shao L, Razani B, Klein OD, Marson A, Turnbaugh JA, Turnbaugh PJ, Malynn BA, Ma A, Kattah MG. Microbial signals, MyD88, and lymphotoxin drive TNF-independent intestinal epithelial tissue damage. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:154993. [PMID: 35077396 PMCID: PMC8884902 DOI: 10.1172/jci154993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-TNF antibodies are effective for treating patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but many patients fail to respond to anti-TNF therapy, highlighting the importance of TNF-independent disease. We previously demonstrated that acute deletion of 2 IBD susceptibility genes, A20 (Tnfaip3) and Abin-1 (Tnip1), in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) sensitized mice to both TNF-dependent and TNF-independent death. Here we show that TNF-independent IEC death after A20 and Abin-1 deletion was rescued by germ-free derivation or deletion of MyD88, while deletion of Trif provided only partial protection. Combined deletion of Ripk3 and Casp8, which inhibits both apoptotic and necroptotic death, completely protected against death after acute deletion of A20 and Abin-1 in IECs. A20- and Abin-1–deficient IECs were sensitized to TNF-independent, TNFR1-mediated death in response to lymphotoxin α (LTα) homotrimers. Blockade of LTα in vivo reduced weight loss and improved survival when combined with partial deletion of MyD88. Biopsies of inflamed colon mucosa from patients with IBD exhibited increased LTA and IL1B expression, including a subset of patients with active colitis on anti-TNF therapy. These data show that microbial signals, MyD88, and LTα all contribute to TNF-independent intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Rusu
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elvira Mennillo
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jared L. Bain
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhongmei Li
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Yenny Y. Rosli
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Naser
- Biological Imaging Development CoLab, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zunqiu Wang
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Philip Achacoso
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ling Shao
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Ophir D. Klein
- Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, Program in Craniofacial Biology, and
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
- Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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8
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Burns KA, Pearson AM, Slack JL, Por ED, Scribner AN, Eti NA, Burney RO. Endometriosis in the Mouse: Challenges and Progress Toward a ‘Best Fit’ Murine Model. Front Physiol 2022; 12:806574. [PMID: 35095566 PMCID: PMC8794744 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.806574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a prevalent gynecologic condition associated with pelvic pain and infertility characterized by the implantation and growth of endometrial tissue displaced into the pelvis via retrograde menstruation. The mouse is a molecularly well-annotated and cost-efficient species for modeling human disease in the therapeutic discovery pipeline. However, as a non-menstrual species with a closed tubo-ovarian junction, the mouse poses inherent challenges as a preclinical model for endometriosis research. Over the past three decades, numerous murine models of endometriosis have been described with varying degrees of fidelity in recapitulating the essential pathophysiologic features of the human disease. We conducted a search of the peer-reviewed literature to identify publications describing preclinical research using a murine model of endometriosis. Each model was reviewed according to a panel of ideal model parameters founded on the current understanding of endometriosis pathophysiology. Evaluated parameters included method of transplantation, cycle phase and type of tissue transplanted, recipient immune/ovarian status, iterative schedule of transplantation, and option for longitudinal lesion assessment. Though challenges remain, more recent models have incorporated innovative technical approaches such as in vivo fluorescence imaging and novel hormonal preparations to overcome the unique challenges posed by murine anatomy and physiology. These models offer significant advantages in lesion development and readout toward a high-fidelity mouse model for translational research in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Burns
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Katherine A. Burns,
| | - Amelia M. Pearson
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jessica L. Slack
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, United States
| | - Elaine D. Por
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, United States
| | - Alicia N. Scribner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, United States
| | - Nazmin A. Eti
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Richard O. Burney
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, United States
- Richard O. Burney,
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9
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Mattavelli E, Catapano AL, Baragetti A. Molecular Immune-Inflammatory Connections between Dietary Fats and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Which Translation into Clinics? Nutrients 2021; 13:3768. [PMID: 34836026 PMCID: PMC8625932 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current guidelines recommend reducing the daily intake of dietary fats for the prevention of ischemic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Avoiding saturated fats while increasing the intake of mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids has been for long time the cornerstone of dietary approaches in cardiovascular prevention, mainly due to the metabolic effects of these molecules. However, recently, this approach has been critically revised. The experimental evidence, in fact, supports the concept that the pro- or anti-inflammatory potential of different dietary fats contributes to atherogenic or anti-atherogenic cellular and molecular processes beyond (or in addition to) their metabolic effects. All these aspects are hardly translatable into clinics when trying to find connections between the pro-/anti-inflammatory potential of dietary lipids and their effects on CVD outcomes. Interventional trials, although providing stronger potential for causal inference, are typically small sample-sized, and they have short follow-up, noncompliance, and high attrition rates. Besides, observational studies are confounded by a number of variables and the quantification of dietary intakes is far from optimal. A better understanding of the anatomic and physiological barriers for the absorption and the players involved in the metabolism of dietary lipids (e.g., gut microbiota) might be an alternative strategy in the attempt to provide a first step towards a personalized dietary approach in CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mattavelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (A.L.C.)
- S.I.S.A. Centre for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Cinisello Balsamo, 20092 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (A.L.C.)
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, 20092 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.M.); (A.L.C.)
- IRCCS Multimedica Hospital, Sesto San Giovanni, 20092 Milan, Italy
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10
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Yang X, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Chen C, Han C, Li X, Tian H, Cheng X, Zhang K, Zhou T, Zhao J. Curcumenol mitigates chondrocyte inflammation by inhibiting the NF‑κB and MAPK pathways, and ameliorates DMM‑induced OA in mice. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:192. [PMID: 34435650 PMCID: PMC8416138 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, an increasing number of individuals are affected by osteoarthritis (OA), resulting in a heavy socioeconomic burden. OA in knee joints is caused by the release of inflammatory cytokines and subsequent biomechanical and structural deterioration. To determine its anti‑inflammatory function, the current study investigated the use of the plant‑derived medicine, curcumenol, in OA treatment. Curcumenol was not cytotoxic to ATDC5 chondrocytes and primary chondrocytes, as determined using a cell viability test. When these cells were treated with TNF‑α and IL‑1β to induce inflammation, curcumenol treatment inhibited the progression of inflammation by inactivating the NF‑κB and MAPK signaling pathways, as well as decreasing the expression levels of MMP3 (as indicated by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting). Moreover, to analyze metabolic and catabolic status in high‑density and pellet culture, catalytic changes and the degradation of the extracellular matrix induced by TNF‑α and IL‑1β, were evaluated by alcian blue staining. These catalytic deteriorations were ameliorated by curcumenol. Using curcumenol in disease management, the mechanical and metabolic disruption of cartilage caused in the destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM) model was prevented in vivo. Thus, curcumenol mitigated inflammation in ATDC5 chondrocytes and primary mice chondrocytes, and also ameliorated OA in a DMM‑induced mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqian Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Chen Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xunlin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Tangjun Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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11
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Muniappan L, Okuyama M, Javidan A, Thiagarajan D, Jiang W, Moorleghen JJ, Yang L, Balakrishnan A, Howatt DA, Uchida HA, Saido TC, Subramanian V. Inducible Depletion of Calpain-2 Mitigates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1694-1709. [PMID: 33761765 PMCID: PMC8062307 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/enzymology
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/enzymology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Aortic Rupture/chemically induced
- Aortic Rupture/enzymology
- Aortic Rupture/genetics
- Aortic Rupture/prevention & control
- Calpain/deficiency
- Calpain/genetics
- Calpain/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytoskeleton/enzymology
- Cytoskeleton/pathology
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Matrix/enzymology
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Rats
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Vascular Remodeling
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Muniappan
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Michihiro Okuyama
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Aida Javidan
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Devi Thiagarajan
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Weihua Jiang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Lihua Yang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Anju Balakrishnan
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Deborah A. Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Haruhito A. Uchida
- Department of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease, Okayama University School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceuticals Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takaomi C. Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Venkateswaran Subramanian
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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12
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Jafree DJ, Long DA, Scambler PJ, Ruhrberg C. Mechanisms and cell lineages in lymphatic vascular development. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:271-288. [PMID: 33825109 PMCID: PMC8205918 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels have critical roles in both health and disease and their study is a rapidly evolving area of vascular biology. The consensus on how the first lymphatic vessels arise in the developing embryo has recently shifted. Originally, they were thought to solely derive by sprouting from veins. Since then, several studies have uncovered novel cellular mechanisms and a diversity of contributing cell lineages in the formation of organ lymphatic vasculature. Here, we review the key mechanisms and cell lineages contributing to lymphatic development, discuss the advantages and limitations of experimental techniques used for their study and highlight remaining knowledge gaps that require urgent attention. Emerging technologies should accelerate our understanding of how lymphatic vessels develop normally and how they contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniyal J Jafree
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - David A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Peter J Scambler
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Christiana Ruhrberg
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
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