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Rapado-González Ó, Salta S, López-López R, Henrique R, Suárez-Cunqueiro MM, Jerónimo C. DNA methylation markers for oral cancer detection in non- and minimally invasive samples: a systematic review. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:105. [PMID: 39138540 PMCID: PMC11323632 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
More than 50% of oral cancer (OC) patients are diagnosed with advanced-stage disease associated with poor prognosis and quality of life, supporting an urgent need to improve early OC detection. The identification of effective molecular markers by minimally invasive approaches has emerged as a promising strategy for OC screening. This systematic review summarizes and evaluates the performance of the DNA methylation markers identified in non- or minimally invasive samples for OC detection. PubMed's MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for studies that evaluated DNA methylation markers in non-invasive and/or minimally invasive samples (oral rinse/saliva, oral brush, and blood) from OC patients. Two investigators independently extracted data on study population characteristics, candidate methylation markers, testing samples, DNA methylation assay, and performance diagnostic outcomes. Methodological study quality was assessed with the Quality Assessment for Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy-2 tool. Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. DNA methylation markers were evaluated in oral rinse/saliva (n = 17), oral brush (n = 9), and blood (n = 7) samples. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and quantitative-MSP were the most common DNA methylation assays. Regarding diagnostic performance values for salivary, oral brush, and blood DNA methylation markers, sensitivity and specificity ranged between 3.4-100% and 21-100%, 9-100% and 26.8-100%, 22-70% and 45.45-100%, respectively. Different gene methylation panels showed good diagnostic performance for OC detection. This systematic review discloses the promising value of testing DNA methylation markers in non-invasive (saliva or oral rinse) or minimally invasive (oral brush or blood) samples as a novel strategy for OC detection. However, further validation in large, multicenter, and prospective study cohorts must be carried out to confirm the clinical value of specific DNA methylation markers in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Rapado-González
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center - Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC) & CI-IPOP@RISE (Health Research Network), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Salta
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center - Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC) & CI-IPOP@RISE (Health Research Network), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rafael López-López
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS, SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center - Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC) & CI-IPOP@RISE (Health Research Network), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center - Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC) & CI-IPOP@RISE (Health Research Network), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - María Mercedes Suárez-Cunqueiro
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS, SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center - Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC) & CI-IPOP@RISE (Health Research Network), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center - Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC) & CI-IPOP@RISE (Health Research Network), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Yang X, Du G, Ji T, Shi L, Liu W. Focus on DNA methylation in saliva and oral swabs for oral potentially malignant disorder diagnosis. Oral Dis 2024; 30:801-804. [PMID: 35801664 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zhang Zhiyuan Academician Workstation, Hainan Western Central Hospital, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Danzhou, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanhuan Du
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Ji
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjun Shi
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Califano J, Yousef A, Mostafa H, Valsamakis A, Zhang X, Batis N, Varghese C, Parish J, Forman M, Jarrett J, Messer K, Mehanna H. Lead Time to Recurrence After Posttreatment Plasma and Saliva HPV DNA Testing in Patients With Low-Risk HPV Oropharynx Cancer. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 149:812-819. [PMID: 37498566 PMCID: PMC10375388 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2023.1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Importance Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a highly lethal cancer that is often associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). Recent studies have shown promise in the use of HPV DNA detection in salivary rinses and plasma as a factor associated with a future diagnosis of HPV-positive oropharynx cancer (HPVOPC). However, the use of plasma and salivary HPV DNA detection in defining risk for recurrence in the context of a prospective, phase 3, clinical trial coupled with standardized clinical surveillance has not been reported. Objective To identify patients with low-risk HPVOPC at risk for recurrence by detection of HPV16 DNA in plasma and salivary rinses. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study, 233 low-risk patients were recruited from 32 head and neck treatment centers in Ireland (1 [3.1%]), the Netherlands (1 [3.1%]), and the UK (30 [93.8%]) as part of the DE-ESCALATE HPV trial, an open-label, phase 3 randomized clinical trial examining treatment with cetuximab vs cisplatin for HPVOPC. Patients were assayed for the presence of HPV16 DNA in plasma and salivary rinse via a quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based assay. Main Outcomes and Measures Assay results were associated with risk of recurrence and lead time from HPV16 DNA detection to recurrence. Results Of 233 patients, 45 (19.3%) were women, and the mean (SD) age was 57.01 (8.45) years. A total 1040 salivary or blood samples were collected during the course of the study. With a median follow-up of 760 days, the sensitivity and specificity of combined plasma and salivary rinse HPV DNA assays for detecting recurrence were 65% and 87%, respectively. There was a median lead time of positive test to event/recurrence date of 19 days (range, 0-536 days) and mean (SD) of 122 (169.8) days. Conclusion and Relevance The results of this cohort study suggest that in the setting of a randomized, prospective, phase 3 trial for low-risk patients with HPVOPC, posttreatment presence of HPV DNA in plasma and salivary rinses is associated with recurrence; a lead time between test positivity and clinical recurrence offers a potential opportunity for earlier detection of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Califano
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Andrew Yousef
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Heba Mostafa
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexandra Valsamakis
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Roche Diagnostic Solutions, Pleasanton, California
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Nikolaos Batis
- Institute for Head and Neck Studies and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - Christy Varghese
- Institute for Head and Neck Studies and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - Joanna Parish
- Institute for Head and Neck Studies and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - Michael Forman
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Karen Messer
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Hisham Mehanna
- Institute for Head and Neck Studies and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
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Liu J, Huang D, Cai Y, Cao Z, Liu Z, Zhang S, Zhao L, Wang X, Wang Y, Huang F, Wu Z. Saliva diagnostics: emerging techniques and biomarkers for salivaomics in cancer detection. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:1077-1097. [PMID: 36631426 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2167556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pursuit of easy-to-use, non-invasive and inexpensive diagnostics is an urgent task for clinicians and scientists. Saliva is an important component of body fluid with regular changes of contents under various pathophysiological conditions, and the biomarkers identified from saliva shows high application potentials and values in disease diagnostics. This review introduces the latest developments in saliva research, with an emphasis on the detection and application of salivary biomarkers in cancer detection. AREAS COVERED Detection of disease-specific biomarkers in saliva samples by existing salivaomic methods can be used to diagnose various human pathological conditions and was introduced in details. This review also covers the saliva collection methods, the analytical techniques as well as the corresponding commercial products, with an aim to describe an holistic process for saliva-based diagnostics. EXPERT OPINION Saliva, as a non-invasive and collectable body fluid, can reflect the pathophysiological changes of the human body to a certain extent. Identification of reliable saliva biomarkers can provide a convenient way for cancer detection in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieren Liu
- Graduate School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongna Huang
- School of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanzhe Cai
- School of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihua Cao
- School of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- School of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Feijuan Huang
- Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengzhi Wu
- Graduate School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Fluid Biomarkers in HPV and Non-HPV Related Oropharyngeal Carcinomas: From Diagnosis and Monitoring to Prognostication-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214336. [PMID: 36430813 PMCID: PMC9696529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are crucial in oncology, from detection and monitoring to guiding management and predicting treatment outcomes. Histological assessment of tissue biopsies is currently the gold standard for oropharyngeal cancers, but is technically demanding, invasive, and expensive. This systematic review aims to review current markers that are detectable in biofluids, which offer promising non-invasive alternatives in oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPCs). A total of 174 clinical trials from the PubMed search engine in the last 5 years were identified and screened by 4 independent reviewers. From these, 38 eligible clinical trials were found and subsequently reviewed. The biomarkers involved, categorized by human papillomavirus (HPV)-status, were further divided according to molecular and cellular levels. Recent trials investigating biomarkers for both HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPCs have approaches from various levels and different biofluids including plasma, oropharyngeal swabs, and oral rinse. Promising candidates have been found to aid in detection, staging, and predicting prognosis, in addition to well-established factors including HPV-status, drinking and smoking status. These studies also emphasize the possibility of enhancing prediction results and increasing statistical significance by multivariate analyses. Liquid biopsies offer promising assistance in enhancing personalized medicine for cancer treatment, from lowering barriers towards early screening, to facilitating de-escalation of treatment. However, further research is needed, and the combination of liquid biopsies with pre-existing methods, including in vivo imaging and invasive techniques such as neck dissections, could also be explored in future trials.
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Wang W, Li W, Zhang H. An Overview of DNA Methylation Indicators for the Course of Oral Precancer. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:6468773. [PMID: 36060560 PMCID: PMC9439927 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6468773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a physiologically epigenetic alteration that happens when a methyl group is introduced to a CpG dinucleotide in the gene-regulating sequence of DNA. However, the majority of oral cancers have a well-defined precancerous stage; there are few clinical and morphological parameters for detecting and signalling the progression of precancerous to malignant tumours. DNA methylation forms are dynamic and reversible, allowing them to adjust to environmental or therapeutic changes. We did an extensive investigation to compile the data supporting aberrant DNA methylation forms as a possible biomarker for prediction. According to two longitudinal studies, p16 hypermethylation was considerably higher in precancerous lesions that progressed to cancer than in lesions that shrank. Most of the studies examined for this study were tiny cross-sectional research with scant validation and inadequately specified control groups. Existing evidence suggests that DNA methylation sequences can be relevant as a diagnostic biomarker for OPS development; however, sample size and research design restrictions make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Strong studies, including extensive epigenome-wide methylation scans of OPS with longitudinal monitoring, are necessary in this study in order to corroborate the recently discovered signals and discover new risk loci and disease progression molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | - Wei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou 434000, China
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Gabusi A, Gissi DB, Grillini S, Stefanini M, Tarsitano A, Marchetti C, Foschini MP, Montebugnoli L, Morandi L. Shared epigenetic alterations between oral cancer and periodontitis: a preliminary study. Oral Dis 2022. [PMID: 35567390 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We recently developed a non-invasive sampling procedure for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) detection based on DNA methylation analysis of a panel of 13 genes. Oral cancer, as well as acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, may influence the methylation level of several genes in the oral cavity. In the present study, we evaluated the presence of periodontal disease(PD) and the methylation status using our 13-gene panel. METHODS Oral brushing specimens were collected from three different patient groups: 23 gingival OSCC patients, 15 patients affected by PD, and 15 healthy volunteers lacking evidence of PD. DNA methylation analysis was performed and each sample was determined to be positive or negative based on a predefined cut-off value. RESULTS Positive results were found for 23/23 OSCC patients, 3/15 PD patients and 0/15 samples from healthy volunteers. The GP1BB and MIR193 genes in the PD group exhibited mean methylation levels similar to OSCC patients. ZAP70 showed different methylation levels among three groups. CONCLUSION Preliminary data identified shared epigenetic alterations between PD and OSCC patients in two inflammatory genes(GP1BB and MIR193). This study may help identify potential links between the two diseases and serve as a starting point for future research focused on pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gabusi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide B Gissi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Grillini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Stefanini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Achille Tarsitano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.,Oral and Maxillo-facial Surgery Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna
| | - Claudio Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.,Oral and Maxillo-facial Surgery Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna
| | - Maria Pia Foschini
- Section of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Montebugnoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Morandi
- Functional MR Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Tzeng HE, Tang CH, Tsai CH, Chiu CH, Wu MH, Yen Y. ET-1 Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells via the microRNA-489-3p /TWIST Axis. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:5005-5018. [PMID: 34675545 PMCID: PMC8502871 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s294312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes almost 90% of head and neck malignancies and has a poor prognosis. To improve the efficacy of OSCC therapy, it is of great significance to explore other therapy for OSCC. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor peptide, is implicated in cancer pathogenesis. Moreover, ET-1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during the development of human cancers. We further to found that ET-1 exposure induced EMT in human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines SCC4 and SAS, by enhancing the expression of EMT biomarkers N-cadherin and vimentin and reducing E-cadherin expression via upregulation of the transcription factor TWIST. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell motility was examined by migration, invasion and wound-healing assays. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), and promoter assays confirmed the inhibitory effects of ET-1 on miRNAs expression in oral cancer cells. We demonstrate an intravenous injection model of lung metastasis followed by an advanced method for quantifying metastatic tumor using image analysis software. RESULTS In addition, ET-1/ETAR reduced levels of microRNA-489-3p (miR-489-3p), a transcriptional repressor of TWIST. We have identified a novel bypass mechanism through which ET-1/ETAR are involved in TWIST signaling and downregulate miR-489-3p expression, enabling OSCC cells to acquire the EMT phenotype. Notably, ET-1 knockdown dramatically decreased levels of EMT markers and cell migration potential. CONCLUSION The role of ET-1 in OSCC progression is supported by our findings from an in vivo murine model of OSCC. ET-1 may therefore represent a novel molecular therapeutic target in OSCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-En Tzeng
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- PhD Program & Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Chiu
- Graduate Program in Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huan Wu
- Sports Recreation and Health Management Continuing Studies, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Bachelor of Science in Senior Wellness and Sport Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun Yen
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Fang R, Iqbal M, Chen L, Liao J, Luo J, Wei F, Wen W, Sun W. A novel comprehensive immune-related gene signature as a promising survival predictor for the patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:11507-11527. [PMID: 33867351 PMCID: PMC8109104 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the most frequent subtype of head and neck cancer, continues to have a poor prognosis with no improvement. The TNM stage is not satisfactory for individualized prognostic assessment and it does not predict response to therapy. In the present study, we downloaded the gene expression profiles from TCGA database to establish a training set and GEO database for a validation set. In the training set, we developed an 10 immune-related genes signature which had superior predictive value compared with TNM stage. A nomogram including clinical characteristics was also constructed for accurate prediction. Furthermore, it was determined that our prognostic signature might act as an independent factor for predicting the survival of HNSCC patients. As for the immune microenvironment, our results showed higher immune checkpoint expression (CLTA-4 and PD-1) in low-risk group which might reflect a positive immunotherapy response. Thus, our signature not only provided a promising biomarker for survival prediction, but might be evaluated as an indicator for personalized immunotherapy in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liao
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jierong Luo
- Department of Anesthesia, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Fanqin Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Wen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
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10
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Gissi DB, Gabusi A, Tarsitano A, Asioli S, Rossi R, Marchetti C, Montebugnoli L, Foschini MP, Morandi L. Application of a non-invasive oral brushing procedure based on bisulfite sequencing of a 13-gene panel to study high-risk OSCC patients. Cancer Biomark 2021; 28:499-510. [PMID: 32568174 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A non-invasive sampling procedure for the early detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) based on DNA methylation analysis of a panel of 13 genes was applied in 4 different OSCC risk-group of patients. Aim of the study is to evaluate the between-group differences and the variables related to the methylation profile of each group. METHODS Oral brushing samples were collected from 54 healthy subjects, 31 Oral Leukoplakia (OL) patients, 18 Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) patients and 26 patients previously treated for OSCC. Each sample was considered positive or negative in relation to a predefined cut-off value. RESULTS None of the samples from 54 healthy subjects were positive, whereas 22/31 OL, 3/18 OLP and 8/26 surgically treated OSCC samples showed positive values with respect to the cut-off. In OL patients, dysplasia was the only variable significantly related to positive values: 10/10 OLs with high-grade dysplasia were positive with respect to 12/21 OLs without dysplasia (Chi 6.039, p< 0.05). CONCLUSION DNA methylation analysis in epithelial cells collected by oral brushing seems to be a promising genetic method to distinguish lesions at high risk of developing OSCC. Larger population studies and an adequate follow-up period are necessary to confirm these preliminary data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide B Gissi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Gabusi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Achille Tarsitano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Section of Maxillo-facial Surgery at Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Asioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Rossi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Section of Maxillo-facial Surgery at Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Montebugnoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Oral Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria P Foschini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Morandi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Functional MR Unit, IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Fung SYH, Chan KCA, Wong EWY, Ng CWK, Cho R, Yeung ZWC, Lam JWK, Chan JYK. Droplet digital PCR of tumor suppressor gene methylation in serial oral rinses of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2021; 43:1812-1822. [PMID: 33594807 PMCID: PMC8248028 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) currently lacks sensitive approaches to detect cancer‐related traits in body fluid. Methods Methylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) (PAX5, EDNRB, and DCC) were measured in the oral rinses from 50 HNSCC and 58 control subjects using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Diagnostic accuracies in detecting HNSCC and the detection rate of recurrence in the post‐treatment monitoring were analyzed. Results ddPCR TSG methylation detection in oral rinses for diagnosis of HNSCC had an AUC of 0.892 for PAX5, 0.753 for EDNRB, and 0.729 for DCC. Significant drop of TSG methylation was observed after completion of surgery (p < 0.01). 76.9% of the relapse cases had a pre‐emptive rebound of methylation above presurgery levels in at least one of the tested markers before confirmed recurrence. Conclusions Utilizing ddPCR for TSG methylation detection in oral rinses shows potential for detection and monitoring of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherwood Y H Fung
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwan Chee Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eddy W Y Wong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cherrie W K Ng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ryan Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zenon W C Yeung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jacky W K Lam
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jason Y K Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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12
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Adeoye J, Alade AA, Zhu WY, Wang W, Choi SW, Thomson P. Efficacy of hypermethylated DNA biomarkers in saliva and oral swabs for oral cancer diagnosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2021; 28:541-558. [PMID: 33423350 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of hypermethylated DNA biomarkers in saliva and oral swabs for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) detection from the prevalidation studies available. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic database searching of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS was conducted to identify relevant articles that were published between January 1, 2000, and August 1, 2020. RESULTS Meta-analysis was conducted based on 11 of 20 studies selected for review. Included studies had high bias concerns on the QUADAS-2 study assessment tool. We found that salivary and oral swab hypermethylation markers had better specificity than sensitivity for oral cancer detection. Summary sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) of hypermethylation panels were 86.2% (60-96.2) and 90.6% (85.9-93.9) while for individual markers, summary sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) were 70% (56.9-80.5) and 91.9% (80.3-96.9), respectively. Respective positive and negative likelihood ratios for combined markers were 9.2 (5.89-14.36) and 0.15 (0.05-0.5), and 8.61 (3.39-21.87) and 0.33 (0.22-0.49) for single-application biomarkers. CONCLUSION DNA hypermethylation biomarkers especially in combination have acceptable DTA that warrants further optimization with rigorous biomarker evaluation methods for conclusive determination of their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Adeoye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Azeez Arisekola Alade
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wang-Yong Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weilan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Wai Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peter Thomson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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Gissi DB, Fabbri VP, Gabusi A, Lenzi J, Morandi L, Melotti S, Asioli S, Tarsitano A, Balbi T, Marchetti C, Montebugnoli L. Pre-Operative Evaluation of DNA Methylation Profile in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Can Predict Tumor Aggressive Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186691. [PMID: 32937734 PMCID: PMC7555204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is difficult to exactly assess on pre-operative biopsies. Since OSCC DNA methylation profile has proved to be a useful pre-operative diagnostic tool, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of DNA methylation profile to discriminate OSCC with high and low aggressive potential. METHODS 36 OSCC cases underwent neoplastic cells collection by gentle brushing of the lesion, before performing a pre-operative biopsy. The CpG islands methylation status of 13 gene (ZAP70, ITGA4, KIF1A, PARP15, EPHX3, NTM, LRRTM1, FLI1, MiR193, LINC00599, MiR296, TERT, GP1BB) was studied by bisulfite Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). A Cox proportional hazards model via likelihood-based component-wise boosting was used to evaluate the prognostic power of the CpG sites. RESULTS The boosting estimation identified five CpGs with prognostic significance: EPHX3-24, EPHX3-26, ITGA4-3, ITGA4-4, and MiR193-3. The combination of significant CpGs provided promising results for adverse events prediction (Brier score = 0.080, C-index = 0.802 and AUC = 0.850). ITGA4 had a strong prognostic power in patients with early OSCC. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm that the study of methylation profile provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of OSCC and can allow a better OSCC prognostic stratification even before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide B. Gissi
- Section of Oral Science, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40159 Bologna, Italy; (D.B.G.); (A.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Viscardo P. Fabbri
- Section of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.F.); (S.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Andrea Gabusi
- Section of Oral Science, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40159 Bologna, Italy; (D.B.G.); (A.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Jacopo Lenzi
- Section of Hygiene, Public Health and Medical Statistics, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Luca Morandi
- Functional MR Unit, Bellaria Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sofia Melotti
- Section of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.F.); (S.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Sofia Asioli
- Section of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.F.); (S.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Achille Tarsitano
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Tiziana Balbi
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, S. Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Claudio Marchetti
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Lucio Montebugnoli
- Section of Oral Science, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40159 Bologna, Italy; (D.B.G.); (A.G.); (L.M.)
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14
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Renzi A, Morandi L, Lenzi J, Rigillo A, Bettini G, Bellei E, Giacomini A, Tinto D, Sabattini S. Analysis of DNA methylation and TP53 mutational status for differentiating feline oral squamous cell carcinoma from non-neoplastic mucosa: A preliminary study. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:825-837. [PMID: 32506786 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) is characterized by high local invasiveness and early bone lysis. The late diagnosis largely limits the efficacy of therapy and increases treatment-related morbidity. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess the methylation pattern of 10 candidate genes and TP53 mutational status in histologic samples of FOSCC. Results were compared with normal oral mucosa and oral inflammatory lesions, in order to establish a gene panel for FOSCC detection. For 10 cats, the above analyses were also performed on oral brushing samples, in order to explore the utility of these methods for screening purposes. Thirty-one FOSCC, 25 chronic inflammatory lesions and 12 controls were included. TP53 mutations were significantly more frequent in the FOSCC (68%) than in the non-neoplastic oral mucosa (3%; P <.001). Based on lasso regression analysis, a step-wise algorithm including TP53, FLI1, MiR124-1, KIF1A and MAGEC2 was proposed. The algorithm allowed to differentiate FOSCC with 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity (accuracy, 97%). When applying the proposed algorithm on 10 brushing samples, accuracy decreased to 80%. These results indicate that the altered DNA methylation of specific genes is present in FOSCC, together with a significant proportion of TP53 mutations. Such alterations are infrequent in normal oral mucosa and chronic stomatitis in cats, suggesting their involvement in feline oral carcinogenesis and their utility as diagnostic biomarkers. Further studies on a high number of brushing samples will be needed to assess the utility of a screening test for the early detection of FOSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Renzi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Morandi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Functional MR Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lenzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Section of Hygiene, Public Health and Medical Statistics, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Rigillo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliano Bettini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emma Bellei
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Giacomini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Debora Tinto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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15
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Shen S, Saito Y, Ren S, Liu C, Guo T, Qualliotine J, Khan Z, Sadat S, Califano JA. Targeting Viral DNA and Promoter Hypermethylation in Salivary Rinses for Recurrent HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 162:512-519. [PMID: 32041482 DOI: 10.1177/0194599820903031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence and survivorship of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) are increasing. Presence of HPV DNA and epigenetic alterations in salivary rinses are independently associated with clinical prognosis. We evaluated the utility of a combined panel in detecting disease recurrence during surveillance. We also assessed the assay's applicability in screening for HPV+ OPSCC. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Two tertiary academic hospitals. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty-nine patients with posttreatment OPSCC were enrolled. Separately, 21 treatment-naive patients and 40 controls were included in the screening analysis. Salivary rinses were obtained from these cohorts and biomarker levels were quantified. Receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curves and multivariate logistic models were used to assess performance of biomarker combinations. RESULTS Eight patients (16.3%) in the posttreatment cohort developed locoregional recurrence. Recurrence was associated with alcohol use (odds ratio [OR], 6.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26-3.79) and advanced nodal disease (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.52-3.01). A panel of HPV DNA and methylated EDNRB improved detection of recurrent disease (area under the curve [AUC], 0.88) compared to single markers (AUC, 0.69-0.78). Positive biomarkers preceded clinical detection by 2.4 ± 1.6 months and was associated with nearly 40-fold risk of recurrence (OR, 36.4; 95% CI, 1.15-45.22). Within the screening analysis, single biomarkers demonstrated moderate sensitivity and specificity (AUC, 0.59-0.83) in the detection of primary disease. A panel combining HPV DNA markers with methylated EDNRB and methylated PAX5 improved AUC to 0.93. CONCLUSION Detection of high-risk HPV DNA or aberrant hypermethylation in oral rinses is associated with presence and recurrence of OPSCC. Targeting both markers in saliva may have utility in long-term surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarek Shen
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yuki Saito
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shuling Ren
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Theresa Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jesse Qualliotine
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Zubair Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sayed Sadat
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Joseph A Califano
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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16
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Cristaldi M, Mauceri R, Di Fede O, Giuliana G, Campisi G, Panzarella V. Salivary Biomarkers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis and Follow-Up: Current Status and Perspectives. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1476. [PMID: 31920689 PMCID: PMC6914830 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer type in the world, and 90% of it is represented by oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Despite progress in preventive and therapeutic strategies, delay in OSCC diagnosis remains one of the major causes of high morbidity and mortality; indeed the majority of OSCC has been lately identified in the advanced clinical stage (i.e., III or IV). Moreover, after primary treatment, recurrences and/or metastases are found in more than half of the patients (80% of cases within the first 2 years) and the 5-year survival rate is still lower than 50%, resulting in a serious issue for public health. Currently, histological investigation represents the “gold standard” of OSCC diagnosis; however, recent studies have evaluated the potential use of non-invasive methods, such as “liquid biopsy,” for the detection of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in body fluids of oral cancer patients. Saliva is a biofluid containing factors such as cytokines, DNA and RNA molecules, circulating and tissue-derived cells, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) that may be used as biomarkers; their analysis may give us useful information to do early diagnosis of OSCC and improve the prognosis. Therefore, the aim of this review is reporting the most recent data on saliva biomarker detection in saliva liquid biopsy from oral cancer patients, with particular attention to circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), EVs, and microRNAs (miRNAs). Our results highlight that saliva liquid biopsy has several promising clinical uses in OSCC management; it is painless, accessible, and low cost and represents a very helpful source of diagnostic and prognostic biomarker detection. Even if standardized protocols for isolation, characterization, and evaluation are needed, recent data suggest that saliva may be successfully included in future clinical diagnostic processes, with a considerable impact on early treatment strategies and a favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cristaldi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Mauceri
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Olga Di Fede
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Giuliana
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Campisi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vera Panzarella
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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17
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Gissi DB, Tarsitano A, Gabusi A, Rossi R, Attardo G, Lenzi J, Marchetti C, Montebugnoli L, Foschini MP, Morandi L. 13-gene DNA Methylation Analysis from Oral Brushing: A Promising Non Invasive Tool in the Follow-up of Oral Cancer Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122107. [PMID: 31810211 PMCID: PMC6947392 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of a non-invasive sampling procedure based on 13-gene DNA methylation analysis in the follow-up of patients previously treated for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: The study population included 49 consecutive patients treated for OSCC. Oral brushing sample collection was performed at two different times: before any cancer treatment in the tumor mass and during patient follow-up almost 6 months after OSCC treatment, within the regenerative area after OSCC resection. Each sample was considered positive or negative in relation to a predefined cut-off value. Results: Before any cancer treatment, 47/49 specimens exceeded the score and were considered as positive. Six months after OSCC resection, 16/49 specimens also had positive scores in the samples collected from the regenerative area. During the follow-up period, 7/49 patients developed locoregional relapse: 6/7 patients had a positive score in the regenerative area after OSCC resection. The presence of a positive score after oral cancer treatment was the most powerful variable related to the appearance of locoregional relapse. Conclusion: 13-gene DNA methylation analysis by oral brushing may have a clinical application as a prognostic non-invasive tool in the follow-up of patients surgically treated for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide B. Gissi
- Section of Oral Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40159 Bologna, Italy; (A.G.); (R.R.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0512088123
| | - Achille Tarsitano
- Section of Maxillo-Facial Surgery at Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Andrea Gabusi
- Section of Oral Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40159 Bologna, Italy; (A.G.); (R.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Roberto Rossi
- Section of Oral Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40159 Bologna, Italy; (A.G.); (R.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Attardo
- Section of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (G.A.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Jacopo Lenzi
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Public Health and Medical Statistics, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Marchetti
- Section of Maxillo-Facial Surgery at Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Lucio Montebugnoli
- Section of Oral Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40159 Bologna, Italy; (A.G.); (R.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Maria P. Foschini
- Section of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (G.A.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Luca Morandi
- Functional MR Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy;
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Kim SY, Han YK, Song JM, Lee CH, Kang K, Yi JM, Park HR. Aberrantly hypermethylated tumor suppressor genes were identified in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:116. [PMID: 31405379 PMCID: PMC6689875 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a genetic and epigenetic disease. There is growing evidence to suggest that environmental factors due to epigenetic changes can be involved in the OSCC pathogenesis. Although tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are commonly inactivated by promoter hypermethylation in human cancers, the epigenetic changes and the mechanism of TSGs in human OSCC remain unclear. We therefore assessed the methylation status of the TSGs, which are associated with epigenetic silencing in human cancers, OSCC cell lines, primary tumors, and normal oral mucosa. RESULTS We used 14 TSGs that were originally identified in colon cancer to investigate the aberrant hypermethylation of these genes associated with transcriptional silencing in 10 OSCC cell lines. We found three TSGs, TFPI2, SOX17, and GATA4, that are robustly hypermethylated and are associated with transcriptional silencing in OSCC cell lines. The re-expression of the three genes was induced by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) in cells in which these genes were not expressed or had a lack of expression. In 33 cases of primary OSCC tumors, promoter hypermethylation was detected for the TFPI2, SOX17, and GATA4 genes at (32/33) 97%, (22/33) 67%, and (11/33) 33%, respectively. Eleven normal oral mucosa samples showed no promoter hypermethylation for all three genes, which suggests that this promoter hypermethylation is cancer-specific. Bisulfite sequencing analysis confirmed the cancer-specific methylation of the TFPI2, SOX17, and GATA4 promoters in the OSCC cell lines and tumors but not in the normal oral mucosa samples. More importantly, the methylation status of TFPI2, GATA4, and SOX17 was significantly associated with OSCC patients' overall survival through TCGA DNA methylation database. CONCLUSIONS We identified that TFPI2, SOX17, and GATA4 are frequently hypermethylated in human OSCC cells in a cancer-specific manner and that the transcriptional expression of these genes is regulated by promoter hypermethylation in OSCC. Our results highlight the great potential used as a synergistic biomarker set to improve the prognosis and therapeutic treatment for patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.,Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hun Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Mi Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae Ryoun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea. .,Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Kaczor-Urbanowicz KE, Wei F, Rao SL, Kim J, Shin H, Cheng J, Tu M, Wong DTW, Kim Y. Clinical validity of saliva and novel technology for cancer detection. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:49-59. [PMID: 31152821 PMCID: PMC6692231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer, a local disease at an early stage, systemically evolves as it progresses by triggering alterations in surrounding microenvironment, disturbing immune surveillance and further disseminating its molecular contents into circulation. This pathogenic characteristic of cancer makes the use of biofluids such as blood/serum/plasma, urine, tear and cerebrospinal fluids credible surrogates harboring tumor tissue-derived molecular alterations for the detection of cancer. Most importantly, a number of recent reports have credentialed the clinical validity of saliva for the detection of systemic diseases including cancers. In this review, we discussed the validity of saliva as credible biofluid and clinical sample type for the detection of cancers. We have presented the molecular constituents of saliva that could mirror the systemic status of our body and recent findings of salivaomics associated with cancers. Recently, liquid biopsy to detect cancer-derived circulating tumor DNA has emerged as a credible cancer-detection tool with potential benefits in screening, diagnosis and also risk management of cancers. We have further presented the clinical validity of saliva for liquid biopsy of cancers and a new technology platform based on electrochemical detection of cancer-derived ctDNA in saliva with superior sensitivity and point-of-care potential. The clinical utilities of saliva for the detection of cancers have been evidenced, but biological underpinning on the existence of molecular signatures of cancer-origin in saliva, such as via exosomal distribution, should be addressed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Elżbieta Kaczor-Urbanowicz
- Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, United States of America; UCLA's Section of Orthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Fang Wei
- Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Shannon Liu Rao
- Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Heebum Shin
- Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Jordan Cheng
- Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Michael Tu
- EZLife Bio Inc., 21250 Califa St #101, Woodland Hills, CA 9367, United States of America
| | - David T W Wong
- Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, United States of America; UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, United States of America.
| | - Yong Kim
- Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, United States of America; UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, United States of America.
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20
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Langevin SM, Kuhnell D, Niu L, Biesiada J, Leung YK, Deka R, Chen A, Medvedovic M, Kelsey KT, Kasper S, Zhang X. Comprehensive mapping of the methylation landscape of 16 CpG-dense regions in oral and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Epigenomics 2019; 11:987-1002. [PMID: 31215230 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The goal of this study was to comprehensively interrogate and map DNA methylation across 16 CpG-dense regions previously associated with oral and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Materials & methods: Targeted multiplex bisulfite amplicon sequencing was performed on four OPSCC cell lines and primary non-neoplastic oral epithelial cells. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed for a subset of associated genes. Results: There was clear differential methylation between one or more OPSCC cell lines and control cells for the majority of CpG-dense regions. Conclusion: Targeted multiplex bisulfite amplicon sequencing allowed us to efficiently map methylation across the entire region of interest with a high degree of sensitivity and helps shed light on novel differentially methylated regions that may have value as biomarkers of OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Langevin
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.,Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Damaris Kuhnell
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Liang Niu
- Division of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jacek Biesiada
- Division of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yuet-Kin Leung
- Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.,Division of Environmental Genetics & Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ranjan Deka
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.,Division of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Susan Kasper
- Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.,Division of Environmental Genetics & Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.,Division of Environmental Genetics & Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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21
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Recent trends of saliva omics biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer. J Oral Biosci 2019; 61:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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A New Approach for the Diagnosis of Systemic and Oral Diseases Based on Salivary Biomolecules. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:8761860. [PMID: 30906485 PMCID: PMC6398069 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8761860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis represents the target of contemporary medicine and has an important role in the prognosis and further treatment. Saliva is a biofluid that generated a high interest among researchers due to its multiple advantages over other body fluids. The multitude of components that can act as biomarkers influenced the existing technologies to develop protocols that could allow saliva to become the new noninvasive diagnostic method. Saliva as a diagnostic tool can bring substantial addition to the diagnostic armamentarium, providing important information about oral and general health. The diagnostic applications of saliva extended and had a rapid evolution due to the advancement in salivaomics. The present review summarizes the latest researches in saliva-related studies and explores the information and correlations that saliva can offer regarding the systemic and oral diseases, highlighting its great potential of diagnosis. It is expected that in the future specific guidelines and results regarding the salivary diagnostics are to be available, together with high-sensitivity and specificity tests for multiple systemic and oral diseases.
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23
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Nikitakis NG, Pentenero M, Georgaki M, Poh CF, Peterson DE, Edwards P, Lingen M, Sauk JJ. Molecular markers associated with development and progression of potentially premalignant oral epithelial lesions: Current knowledge and future implications. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 125:650-669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Cao Y, Green K, Quattlebaum S, Milam B, Lu L, Gao D, He H, Li N, Gao L, Hall F, Whinery M, Handley E, Ma Y, Xu T, Jin F, Xiao J, Wei M, Smith D, Bornstein S, Gross N, Pyeon D, Song J, Lu SL. Methylated genomic loci encoding microRNA as a biomarker panel in tissue and saliva for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:43. [PMID: 29636832 PMCID: PMC5883341 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To identify aberrant promoter methylation of genomic loci encoding microRNA (mgmiR) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to evaluate a biomarker panel of mgmiRs to improve the diagnostic accuracy of HNSCC in tissues and saliva. Methods Methylation of promoter regions of mgmiR candidates was initially screened using HNSCC and control cell lines and further selected using HNSCC and control tissues by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMS-PCR). We then examined a panel of seven mgmiRs for validation in an expanded cohort including 189 HNSCC and 92 non-HNSCC controls. Saliva from 86 pre-treatment HNSCC patients and 108 non-HNSCC controls was also examined using this panel of seven mgmiRs to assess the potentials of clinical utilization. Results Among the 315 screened mgmiRs, 12 mgmiRs were significantly increased in HNSCC cell lines compared to control cell lines. Seven out of the 12 mgmiRs, i.e., mgmiR9-1, mgmiR124-1, mgmiR124-2, mgmiR124-3, mgmiR129-2, mgmiR137, and mgmiR148a, were further found to significantly increase in HNSCC tumor tissues compared to control tissues. Using multivariable logistic regression with dichotomized variables, a combination of the seven mgmiRs had sensitivity and specificity of 92.6 and 92.4% in tissues and 76.7 and 86.1% in saliva, respectively. Area under the receiver operating curve for this panel was 0.97 in tissue and 0.93 in saliva. This model was validated by independent bootstrap validation and random forest analysis. Conclusions mgmiR biomarkers represent a novel and promising screening tool, and the seven-mgmiR panel is able to robustly detect HNSCC in both patient tissue and saliva. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0470-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.,2Laboratory of Precision Oncology, China Medical University School of Pharmacy, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Katherine Green
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Steve Quattlebaum
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Ben Milam
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Ling Lu
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Dexiang Gao
- 3Department of Biostatistics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Hui He
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.,Research Laboratory and Department of Hematology, Benxi Central Hospital, Benxi, 117000 China
| | - Ningning Li
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical School Hospital, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Liwei Gao
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.,6Department of Radiation Oncology, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Francis Hall
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Matthew Whinery
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Elyse Handley
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Yi Ma
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.,7Department of Otolaryngology, The First University Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Tao Xu
- 8Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Feng Jin
- 9Department of Surgical Oncology, The First University Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Jing Xiao
- 10Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 China
| | - Minjie Wei
- 2Laboratory of Precision Oncology, China Medical University School of Pharmacy, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Derek Smith
- 3Department of Biostatistics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Sophia Bornstein
- 11Department of Radiation Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239 USA.,15Department of Radiation Oncology, Cornell University, New York, NY USA
| | - Neil Gross
- 12Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239 USA.,16Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- 8Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - John Song
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Shi-Long Lu
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.,2Laboratory of Precision Oncology, China Medical University School of Pharmacy, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122 China.,13Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.,14Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
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25
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Ji X, Guan C, Jiang X, Li H. Diagnostic accuracy of DNA methylation for head and neck cancer varies by sample type and number of markers tested. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80019-80032. [PMID: 27683120 PMCID: PMC5346768 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal methylation of certain cancer related genes strongly predicts a diagnosis of head and neck cancer (HNC), while the predictive power of methylation of other DNA markers for HNC remains unclear. To systemically assess the diagnostic value of DNA methylation patterns for HNC and the effect of methylation platform techniques and sample types, we performed a PubMed search for studies of the correlation between DNA methylation and HNC completed before July 2016, and extracted the sensitivity and specificity for methylated biomarkers. Across these studies, DNA methylation showed high sensitivity for diagnosing HNC in solid tissue (0.57), and high specificity in saliva (0.89). Area under the curve (AUC) from summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves revealed that DNA methylation had more diagnostic power in solid tissue (AUC = 0.82) than saliva (AUC = 0.80) or blood (AUC = 0.77). Combinations of multiple methylated genes were more sensitive diagnostic markers than single methylated genes. Our results suggest that the diagnostic accuracy of methylated biomarkers for HNC varied by sample type and were most accurate when results from multiple sample types were considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Chao Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
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26
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Stephen JK, Chen KM, Merritt J, Chitale D, Divine G, Worsham MJ. Methylation markers differentiate thyroid cancer from benign nodules. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:163-170. [PMID: 28612287 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) is increasing. Cytology by itself cannot distinguish TC from some benign nodules especially in certain subtypes of TC. Our immediate goal is to identify DNA methylation markers for early detection of TC and to molecularly differentiate TC subtypes from benign nodules. METHODS Promoter methylation status of 21 candidate genes was examined on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE) utilizing quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (QMSP) in a retrospective cohort of 329 patients (56% white, 29% African American, 61% female) comprising 71 normal thyroid, 83 benign nodules [follicular adenomas (FA)], 90 follicular TC (FTC) and 85 papillary TC (PTC). All genes were analyzed individually (Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank sum tests) and in combination (logistic regression models) to identify genes whose methylation levels might best separate groups. RESULTS Combination gene panels TPO and UCHL1 (ROC = 0.607, sensitivity 78%) discriminated FTC from FA, and RASSF1 and TPO (ROC = 0.881, sensitivity 78%) discriminated FTC from normal. Methylation of TSHR distinguished PTC from FTC (ROC = 0.701, sensitivity 84%) and PTC from FA (ROC = 0.685, sensitivity 70%). The six gene panel of TIMP3, RARB2, SERPINB5, RASSF1, TPO and TSHR, which differentiates PTC from normal thyroid, had the best combination sensitivity (91%) and specificity (81%) of the panels addressing discrimination of cancer tissue. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant gene methylation used in combination panels may be useful clinically in differentiating FTC and PTC from benign nodules. If confirmed in additional studies, these findings could help reduce the over diagnosis of thyroid cancer and surgeries related to over diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Stephen
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Research, Henry Ford Hospital, 1 Ford Place, 1D-06, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - K M Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Research, Henry Ford Hospital, 1 Ford Place, 1D-06, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - J Merritt
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Research, Henry Ford Hospital, 1 Ford Place, 1D-06, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - D Chitale
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - G Divine
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - M J Worsham
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Research, Henry Ford Hospital, 1 Ford Place, 1D-06, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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Arantes LMRB, De Carvalho AC, Melendez ME, Lopes Carvalho A. Serum, plasma and saliva biomarkers for head and neck cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 18:85-112. [PMID: 29134827 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1404906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) encompasses tumors arising from several locations (oral and nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, salivary glands, pharynx, and larynx) and currently stands as the sixth most common cancer worldwide. The most important risk factors identified so far are tobacco and alcohol consumption, and, for a subgroup of HNSCCs, infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Despite several improvements in the treatment of these tumors in the last decades, overall survival rates have only improved marginally, mainly due to the advanced clinical stage at diagnosis and the high rates of treatment failure associated with this late diagnosis. Areas covered: This review will focus on the feasibility of evaluating molecular-based biomarkers (mRNA, microRNA, lncRNA, DNA methylation and protein expression) in body fluids (serum, plasma, and saliva) as markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and surveillance. Expert commentary: The potential use of those markers in the clinical setting would allow for early diagnosis, prediction of treatment response, improvement in treatment selection and provide disease monitoring for early detection of tumor recurrence. It can ultimately be translated into better survival rates and improved quality of life for HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matias Eliseo Melendez
- a Molecular Oncology Research Center , Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos - SP , Brazil
| | - André Lopes Carvalho
- a Molecular Oncology Research Center , Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos - SP , Brazil
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28
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Menke JM, Ahsan MS, Khoo SP. More Accurate Oral Cancer Screening with Fewer Salivary Biomarkers. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2017; 9:1179299X17732007. [PMID: 29085239 PMCID: PMC5648090 DOI: 10.1177/1179299x17732007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Signal detection and Bayesian inferential tools were applied to salivary biomarkers to improve screening accuracy and efficiency in detecting oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Potential cancer biomarkers are identified by significant differences in assay concentrations, receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve (AUCs), sensitivity, and specificity. However, the end goal is to report to individual patients their risk of having disease given positive or negative test results. Likelihood ratios (LRs) and Bayes factors (BFs) estimate evidential support and compile biomarker information to optimize screening accuracy. In total, 26 of 77 biomarkers were mentioned as having been tested at least twice in 137 studies and published in 16 summary papers through 2014. Studies represented 10 212 OSCC and 25 645 healthy patients. The measure of biomarker and panel information value was number of biomarkers needed to approximate 100% positive predictive value (PPV). As few as 5 biomarkers could achieve nearly 100% PPV for a disease prevalence of 0.2% when biomarkers were ordered from highest to lowest LR. When sequentially interpreting biomarker tests, high specificity was more important than test sensitivity in achieving rapid convergence toward a high PPV. Biomarkers ranked from highest to lowest LR were more informative and easier to interpret than AUC or Youden index. The proposed method should be applied to more recently published biomarker data to test its screening value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Shahidul Ahsan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Suan Phaik Khoo
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hwang JTK, Gu YR, Dickson BJ, Shen M, Ralhan R, Walfish PG, Mock D, Pritzker KPH. RETRACTED: Straticyte demonstrates prognostic value over oral epithelial dysplasia grade for oral potentially malignant lesion assessment. Oral Oncol 2017; 72:1-6. [PMID: 28797444 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Straticyte™ was previously shown to be a more effective prognostic assessment than the current standard of care, histopathological dysplasia grading, to assess progression risk of oral epithelial dysplasia to invasive cancer [Hwang JT, Gu YR, Shen M, Ralhan R, Walfish PG, Pritzker KP, et al. Individualized five-year risk assessment for oral premalignant lesion progression to cancer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2017;123:374-81]. In this follow-up study, our aim is to confirm the prognostic value of Straticyte using an independent cohort of oral biopsy cases previously assessed as epithelial dysplasia of various grades. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using Visiopharm image analysis system, we analyzed an independent retrospective cohort of 51 oral biopsy samples with known outcomes and a follow-up history of up to 12years, to verify Straticyte, an individualized 5-year risk assessment for progression of oral potentially malignant lesions to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. RESULTS Straticyte classified the lesions more accurately than histopathological oral epithelial dysplasia grading for risk for progression to cancer over five years. The sensitivity of low-risk vs. non-low-risk Straticyte groups was 100% compared to 68% for mild vs. non-mild dysplasia. The sensitivity of high-risk vs. non-high-risk Straticyte was 71% compared to 3% for severe vs. non-severe dysplasia. Furthermore, the Negative Predictive Value (NPV) for Straticyte was 100% for low-risk vs. non-low-risk, whereas the NPV for mild vs. non-mild dysplasia was 38%. CONCLUSION In this cohort, Straticyte ascertains as a more useful assessment for risk of cancer progression in oral potentially malignant lesions than oral epithelial dysplasia grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T K Hwang
- Proteocyte Diagnostics Inc., MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Suite 200, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Ying R Gu
- Proteocyte Diagnostics Inc., MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Suite 200, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Benjamin J Dickson
- Proteocyte Diagnostics Inc., MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Suite 200, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mi Shen
- Proteocyte Diagnostics Inc., MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Suite 200, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ranju Ralhan
- Proteocyte Diagnostics Inc., MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Suite 200, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Alexa and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada; Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada; Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Paul G Walfish
- Proteocyte Diagnostics Inc., MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Suite 200, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Alexa and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada; Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada; Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada; Medicine, Endocrine Division, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David Mock
- Proteocyte Diagnostics Inc., MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Suite 200, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Oral Pathology/Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Kenneth P H Pritzker
- Proteocyte Diagnostics Inc., MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College Street, Suite 200, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology: Surgery, University of Toronto, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
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Morandi L, Gissi D, Tarsitano A, Asioli S, Gabusi A, Marchetti C, Montebugnoli L, Foschini MP. CpG location and methylation level are crucial factors for the early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma in brushing samples using bisulfite sequencing of a 13-gene panel. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:85. [PMID: 28814981 PMCID: PMC5558660 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and is commonly preceded by oral premalignant lesions. The mortality rates have remained unchanged (50% within 5 years after diagnosis), and it is related to tobacco smoking and alcohol intake. Novel molecular markers for early diagnosis are urgently needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of methylation level in a set of 18 genes by bisulfite next-generation sequencing. Methods With minimally invasive oral brushing, 28 consecutive OSCC, one squamous cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid features, six high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL), 30 normal contralateral mucosa from the same patients, and 65 healthy donors were evaluated for DNA methylation analyzing 18 target genes by quantitative bisulfite next-generation sequencing. We further evaluated an independent cohort (validation dataset) made of 20 normal donors, one oral fibroma, 14 oral lichen planus (OLP), three proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), and two OSCC. Results Comparing OSCC with normal healthy donors and contralateral mucosa in 355 CpGs, we identified the following epigenetically altered genes: ZAP70, ITGA4, KIF1A, PARP15, EPHX3, NTM, LRRTM1, FLI1, MIR193, LINC00599, PAX1, and MIR137HG showing hypermethylation and MIR296, TERT, and GP1BB showing hypomethylation. The behavior of ZAP70, GP1BB, H19, EPHX3, and MIR193 fluctuated among different interrogated CpGs. The gap between normal and OSCC samples remained mostly the same (Kruskal-Wallis P values < 0.05), but the absolute values changed conspicuously. ROC curve analysis identified the most informative CpGs, and we correctly stratified OSCC and HGSIL from normal donors using a multiclass linear discriminant analysis in a 13-gene panel (AUC 0.981). Only the OSCC with sarcomatoid features was negative. Three contralateral mucosa were positive, a sign of a possible field cancerization. Among imprinted genes, only MIR296 showed loss of imprinting. DNMT1, TERC, and H19 together with the global methylation of long interspersed element 1 were unchanged. In the validation dataset, values over the threshold were detected in 2/2 OSCC, in 3/3 PVL, and in 2/14 OLP. Conclusions Our data highlight the importance of CpG location and correct estimation of DNA methylation level for highly accurate early diagnosis of OSCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-017-0386-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Morandi
- "M. Malpighi" Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, via Altura n.3, 40137 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Gissi
- Section of Oral Science, Department of Biomedical and Neuromuscular Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Achille Tarsitano
- Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, S. Orsola Hospital Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Asioli
- "M. Malpighi" Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, via Altura n.3, 40137 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Gabusi
- Section of Oral Science, Department of Biomedical and Neuromuscular Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Marchetti
- Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, S. Orsola Hospital Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Montebugnoli
- Section of Oral Science, Department of Biomedical and Neuromuscular Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschini
- "M. Malpighi" Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, via Altura n.3, 40137 Bologna, Italy
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Association of Smoking, Alcohol Use, and Betel Quid Chewing with Epigenetic Aberrations in Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061210. [PMID: 28587272 PMCID: PMC5486033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous environmental factors such as diet, alcohol use, stress, and environmental chemicals are known to elicit epigenetic changes, leading to increased rates of cancers and other diseases. The incidence of head and neck cancer, one of the most common cancers in Taiwanese males, is increasing: oral cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma are ranked fourth and tenth respectively, among the top ten cancers in this group, and a major cause of cancer-related deaths in Taiwanese males. Previous studies have identified smoking, alcohol use, and betel quid chewing as the three major causes of head and neck cancers; these three social habits are commonly observed in Taiwanese males, resulting in an increasing morbidity rate of head and neck cancers in this population. In this literature review, we discuss the association between specific components of betel quid, alcohol, and tobacco, and the occurrence of head and neck cancers, lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, and urethral cancer. We focus on regulatory mechanisms at the epigenetic level and their oncogenic effects. The review further discusses the application of FDA-approved epigenetic drugs as therapeutic strategies against cancer.
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Zhang Y, Sun J, Lin CC, Abemayor E, Wang MB, Wong DTW. The emerging landscape of salivary diagnostics. Periodontol 2000 2017; 70:38-52. [PMID: 26662481 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Saliva contains a variety of biomolecules, including DNA, coding and noncoding RNA, proteins, metabolites and microbiota. The changes in the salivary levels of these molecular constituents can be used to develop markers for disease detection and risk assessment. Use of saliva as an early-detection tool is a promising approach because collection of saliva is easy and noninvasive. Here, we review recent developments in salivary diagnostics, accomplished using salivaomics approaches, including genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and microbiomic technologies. Additionally, we illustrate the mechanisms of how diseases distal from the oral cavity can lead to the appearance of discriminatory biomarkers in saliva, and discuss the relevance of these markers for translational and clinical applications.
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Analysis of DNA Methylation Status in Bodily Fluids for Early Detection of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040735. [PMID: 28358330 PMCID: PMC5412321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations by promoter DNA hypermethylation and gene silencing in cancer have been reported over the past few decades. DNA hypermethylation has great potential to serve as a screening marker, a prognostic marker, and a therapeutic surveillance marker in cancer clinics. Some bodily fluids, such as stool or urine, were obtainable without any invasion to the body. Thus, such bodily fluids were suitable samples for high throughput cancer surveillance. Analyzing the methylation status of bodily fluids around the cancer tissue may, additionally, lead to the early detection of cancer, because several genes in cancer tissues are reported to be cancer-specifically hypermethylated. Recently, several studies that analyzed the methylation status of DNA in bodily fluids were conducted, and some of the results have potential for future development and further clinical use. In fact, a stool DNA test was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the screening of colorectal cancer. Another promising methylation marker has been identified in various bodily fluids for several cancers. We reviewed studies that analyzed DNA methylation in bodily fluids as a less-invasive cancer screening.
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Juodzbalys G, Kasradze D, Cicciù M, Sudeikis A, Banys L, Galindo-Moreno P, Guobis Z. Modern molecular biomarkers of head and neck cancer. Part I. Epigenetic diagnostics and prognostics: Systematic review. Cancer Biomark 2017; 17:487-502. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gintaras Juodzbalys
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - David Kasradze
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Aurimas Sudeikis
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Laurynas Banys
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Department, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine at University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Zygimantas Guobis
- Department of Dental and Oral Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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35
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Individualized five-year risk assessment for oral premalignant lesion progression to cancer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 123:374-381. [PMID: 28110942 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The standard of care for premalignant lesion risk assessment is dysplasia grading by histopathology. With significant overlap between dysplasia grades and high inter- and intraobserver variations, histopathology dysplasia grading alone is not a useful prognostic tool. Our aim is to investigate whether a method for quantitatively assessing S100A7, a prognostic biomarker, using image analysis can better predict clinical outcome in cases with oral dysplasia. STUDY DESIGN Using the Visiopharm image analysis system, we analyzed a cohort of 150 oral biopsy samples to build and test Straticyte, a model for individualized assessment of the 5-year risk of progression of oral precancerous lesions to invasive squamous cell carcinomas. RESULTS Straticyte classified lesions more accurately than histopathological dysplasia grading for risk to progression to cancer over the following 5 years. The sensitivity of low-risk versus intermediate- and high-risk Straticyte groups was 95% compared to 75% for mild versus moderate and severe dysplasia. Furthermore, the negative predictive value for low-risk versus intermediate- and high-risk Straticyte groups was 78% compared to 59% for mild versus moderate and severe dysplasia. CONCLUSION By quantitatively assessing S100A7, Straticyte better defines the risk for developing oral squamous cell carcinoma than histopathological dysplasia grading alone.
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36
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Lim Y, Sun CX, Tran P, Punyadeera C. Salivary epigenetic biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Biomark Med 2016; 10:301-13. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.16.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The early detection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) continues to be a challenge to the clinician. Saliva as a diagnostic medium carries significant advantages including its close proximity to the region of interest, ease of collection and noninvasive nature. While the identification of biomarkers continues to carry significant diagnostic and prognostic utility in HNSCC, epigenetic alterations present a novel opportunity to serve this purpose. With the developments of novel and innovative technologies, epigenetic alterations are now emerging as attractive candidates in HNSCC. As such, this review will focus on two commonly aberrant epigenetic alterations: DNA methylation and microRNA expression in HNSCC and their potential clinical utility. Identification and validation of these salivary epigenetic biomarkers would not only enable early diagnosis but will also facilitate in the clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenkai Lim
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovations, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Charles Xiaohang Sun
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovations, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Peter Tran
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovations, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovations, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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Shridhar K, Walia GK, Aggarwal A, Gulati S, Geetha AV, Prabhakaran D, Dhillon PK, Rajaraman P. DNA methylation markers for oral pre-cancer progression: A critical review. Oral Oncol 2015; 53:1-9. [PMID: 26690652 PMCID: PMC4788701 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although oral cancers are generally preceded by a well-established pre-cancerous stage, there is a lack of well-defined clinical and morphological criteria to detect and signal progression from pre-cancer to malignant tumours. We conducted a critical review to summarize the evidence regarding aberrant DNA methylation patterns as a potential diagnostic biomarker predicting progression. We identified all relevant human studies published in English prior to 30th April 2015 that examined DNA methylation (%) in oral pre-cancer by searching PubMed, Web-of-Science and Embase databases using combined key-searches. Twenty-one studies (18-cross-sectional; 3-longitudinal) were eligible for inclusion in the review, with sample sizes ranging from 4 to 156 affected cases. Eligible studies examined promoter region hyper-methylation of tumour suppressor genes in pathways including cell-cycle-control (n=15), DNA-repair (n=7), cell-cycle-signalling (n=4) and apoptosis (n=3). Hyper-methylated loci reported in three or more studies included p16, p14, MGMT and DAPK. Two longitudinal studies reported greater p16 hyper-methylation in pre-cancerous lesions transformed to malignancy compared to lesions that regressed (57-63.6% versus 8-32.1%; p<0.01). The one study that explored epigenome-wide methylation patterns reported three novel hyper-methylated loci (TRHDE; ZNF454; KCNAB3). The majority of reviewed studies were small, cross-sectional studies with poorly defined control groups and lacking validation. Whilst limitations in sample size and study design preclude definitive conclusions, current evidence suggests a potential utility of DNA methylation patterns as a diagnostic biomarker for oral pre-cancer progression. Robust studies such as large epigenome-wide methylation explorations of oral pre-cancer with longitudinal tracking are needed to validate the currently reported signals and identify new risk-loci and the biological pathways of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithiga Shridhar
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
| | - Gagandeep Kaur Walia
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Aastha Aggarwal
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Smriti Gulati
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - A V Geetha
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India; Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon, Haryana, India; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Preet K Dhillon
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Preetha Rajaraman
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Langevin SM, Eliot M, Butler RA, Cheong A, Zhang X, McClean MD, Koestler DC, Kelsey KT. CpG island methylation profile in non-invasive oral rinse samples is predictive of oral and pharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:125. [PMID: 26635906 PMCID: PMC4668652 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are currently no screening tests in routine use for oral and pharyngeal cancer beyond visual inspection and palpation, which are provided on an opportunistic basis, indicating a need for development of novel methods for early detection, particularly in high-risk populations. We sought to address this need through comprehensive interrogation of CpG island methylation in oral rinse samples. METHODS We used the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadArray to interrogate DNA methylation in oral rinse samples collected from 154 patients with incident oral or pharyngeal carcinoma prior to treatment and 72 cancer-free control subjects. Subjects were randomly allocated to either a training or a testing set. For each subject, average methylation was calculated for each CpG island represented on the array. We applied a semi-supervised recursively partitioned mixture model to the CpG island methylation data to identify a classifier for prediction of case status in the training set. We then applied the resultant classifier to the testing set for validation and to assess the predictive accuracy. RESULTS We identified a methylation classifier comprised of 22 CpG islands, which predicted oral and pharyngeal carcinoma with a high degree of accuracy (AUC = 0.92, 95 % CI 0.86, 0.98). CONCLUSIONS This novel methylation panel is a strong predictor of oral and pharyngeal carcinoma case status in oral rinse samples and may have utility in early detection and post-treatment follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Langevin
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, ML0056, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Melissa Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Rondi A Butler
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Agnes Cheong
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 160 Panzeca Way, ML0056, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Michael D McClean
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KA USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI USA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Box G-E3, Providence, RI 02912 USA
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Gaykalova DA, Vatapalli R, Wei Y, Tsai HL, Wang H, Zhang C, Hennessey PT, Guo T, Tan M, Li R, Ahn J, Khan Z, Westra WH, Bishop JA, Zaboli D, Koch WM, Khan T, Ochs MF, Califano JA. Outlier Analysis Defines Zinc Finger Gene Family DNA Methylation in Tumors and Saliva of Head and Neck Cancer Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142148. [PMID: 26544568 PMCID: PMC4636259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is the fifth most common cancer, annually affecting over half a million people worldwide. Presently, there are no accepted biomarkers for clinical detection and surveillance of HNSCC. In this work, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of epigenetic alterations in primary HNSCC tumors was employed in conjunction with cancer-specific outlier statistics to define novel biomarker genes which are differentially methylated in HNSCC. The 37 identified biomarker candidates were top-scoring outlier genes with prominent differential methylation in tumors, but with no signal in normal tissues. These putative candidates were validated in independent HNSCC cohorts from our institution and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas). Using the top candidates, ZNF14, ZNF160, and ZNF420, an assay was developed for detection of HNSCC cancer in primary tissue and saliva samples with 100% specificity when compared to normal control samples. Given the high detection specificity, the analysis of ZNF DNA methylation in combination with other DNA methylation biomarkers may be useful in the clinical setting for HNSCC detection and surveillance, particularly in high-risk patients. Several additional candidates identified through this work can be further investigated toward future development of a multi-gene panel of biomarkers for the surveillance and detection of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A. Gaykalova
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rajita Vatapalli
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yingying Wei
- Division of Oncology Biostatistics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hua-Ling Tsai
- Division of Oncology Biostatistics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hao Wang
- Division of Oncology Biostatistics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- University of Virginia, Department of Pathology, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Patrick T. Hennessey
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Theresa Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marietta Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ryan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Julie Ahn
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zubair Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William H. Westra
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Justin A. Bishop
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Zaboli
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wayne M. Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tanbir Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Ochs
- Division of Oncology Biostatistics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Califano
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Milton J. Dance Head and Neck Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Otolaryngology / Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Toxicity and Pharmacokinetic Studies of Aerosolized Clinical Grade Azacitidine. Clin Lung Cancer 2015; 17:214-222.e1. [PMID: 26531130 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azacitidine as an effective epigenetic therapeutic agent has not been used as an aerosol form to treat lung cancer patients. We aerosolized clinical grade azacitidine (Aza), optimized the formulation, and studied its pharmacokinetics and toxicity in mice. METHODS Extrusion-precipitation method and DNA methyltransferase inhibition rate were used to measure the aerodynamic size and aerosolized Aza activity. In the single dose pharmacokinetic study, Aza concentrations in peripheral blood and lungs were measured by LC-MS method. In the multiple-dose toxicity studies, histo-pathological evaluation was used to determine the organ and bone marrow toxicities. RESULTS In pharmacokinetic study, aerosolized Aza was found to deposit mainly into the lung with very little drug detected in the circulation. In contrast, intravenously injected (IV) Aza resulted in a high Aza concentration in the peripheral blood, with trace amounts of drug in the lung, and it was associated with significant myelosuppression. No significant myelosuppression, pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity, or nephrotoxicity were observed at a daily dose of 2.5 mg/m(2) for 7 days. Reversible lung inflammation was found in mice treated with 7.5 mg/m(2) aerosolized Aza at 3 but not 6 weeks after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Aerosol Aza aerodynamic size favors deposition of the drug to the human lower airways. The aerosol process do not compromise the drug activity. Aerosolized Aza has higher lung deposition and much less systemic toxicity than IV drug. The safe starting dose for clinical phase I trials should be 2.5 mg/m(2) for 5 to 7 days.
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DNA methylation analysis by bisulfite next-generation sequencing for early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion from oral brushing. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43:1494-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Foy JP, Pickering CR, Papadimitrakopoulou VA, Jelinek J, Lin SH, William WN, Frederick MJ, Wang J, Lang W, Feng L, Zhang L, Kim ES, Fan YH, Hong WK, El-Naggar AK, Lee JJ, Myers JN, Issa JP, Lippman SM, Mao L, Saintigny P. New DNA methylation markers and global DNA hypomethylation are associated with oral cancer development. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:1027-35. [PMID: 26342026 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes and global DNA hypomethylation are common features of head and neck cancers. Our goal was to identify early DNA methylation changes in oral premalignant lesions (OPL) that may serve as predictive markers of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Using high-throughput DNA methylation profiles of 24 OPLs, we found that the top 86 genes differentially methylated between patients who did or did not develop OSCC were simultaneously hypermethylated, suggesting that a CpG island methylation phenotype may occur early during OSCC development. The vast majority of the 86 genes were nonmethylated in normal tissues and hypermethylated in OSCC versus normal mucosa. We used pyrosequencing in a validation cohort of 44 patients to evaluate the degree of methylation of AGTR1, FOXI2, and PENK promoters CpG sites that were included in the top 86 genes and of LINE1 repetitive element methylation, a surrogate of global DNA methylation. A methylation index was developed by averaging the percent methylation of AGTR1, FOXI2, and PENK promoters; patients with a high methylation index had a worse oral cancer-free survival (P = 0.0030). On the other hand, patients with low levels of LINE1 methylation had a significantly worse oral cancer-free survival (P = 0.0153). In conclusion, AGTR1, FOXI2, and PENK promoter methylation and LINE1 hypomethylation may be associated with an increased risk of OSCC development in patients with OPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Foy
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Lyon, France. Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France. Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Curtis R Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Jaroslav Jelinek
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - William N William
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mitchell J Frederick
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wenhua Lang
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Edward S Kim
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Health Care System, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - You H Fan
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Waun K Hong
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Adel K El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jean-Pierre Issa
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Li Mao
- Oncology and Diagnostic Science, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Lyon, France. Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France. Department of Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Langevin SM, Butler RA, Eliot M, Pawlita M, Maccani JZJ, McClean MD, Kelsey KT. Novel DNA methylation targets in oral rinse samples predict survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:1072-80. [PMID: 25242135 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to identify novel survival-associated biomarkers in oral rinse samples collected from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We screened for putative survival-associated markers using publicly available methylation array data from 88 OSCC tumors. Cox models were then fit to methylation array data restricted to these putative loci in oral rinse samples of 82 OSCC patients from greater Boston. Pyrosequencing assays were designed for each locus that replicated in the oral rinse samples and applied to a validation set of oral rinse samples from another 61 OSCC patients. RESULTS We identified 7 survival-associated methylation markers in oral rinse samples from OSCC patients, and have validated one, located in the body of GABBR1, by pyrosequencing. CONCLUSION The 7 CpG loci identified through this study represent novel prognostic biomarkers for patients with OSCC that can be detected using a non-invasive oral rinse collection technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Langevin
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Rondi A Butler
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Melissa Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Research Program Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Z J Maccani
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael D McClean
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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p16INK4A and p14ARF gene promoter hypermethylation as prognostic biomarker in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a review. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:260549. [PMID: 24803719 PMCID: PMC3997957 DOI: 10.1155/2014/260549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a heterogeneous group of tumors with each subtype having a distinct histopathological and molecular profile. Most tumors share, to some extent, the same multistep carcinogenic pathways, which include a wide variety of genetic and epigenetic changes. Epigenetic alterations represent all changes in gene expression patterns that do not alter the actual DNA sequence. Recently, it has become clear that silencing of cancer related genes is not exclusively a result of genetic changes such as mutations or deletions, but it can also be regulated on epigenetic level, mostly by means of gene promoter hypermethylation. Results from recent studies have demonstrated that DNA methylation patterns contain tumor-type-specific signatures, which could serve as biomarkers for clinical outcome in the near future. The topic of this review discusses gene promoter hypermethylation in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The main objective is to analyse the available data on gene promoter hypermethylation of the cell cycle regulatory proteins p16INK4A and p14ARF and to investigate their clinical significance as novel biomarkers in OSCC. Hypermethylation of both genes seems to possess predictive properties for several clinicopathological outcomes. We conclude that the methylation status of p16INK4A is definitely a promising candidate biomarker for predicting clinical outcome of OSCC, especially for recurrence-free survival.
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Arantes LMRB, de Carvalho AC, Melendez ME, Carvalho AL, Goloni-Bertollo EM. Methylation as a biomarker for head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:587-92. [PMID: 24656975 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is a collective term that describes malignant tumors of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx characterized by high incidence and mortality rates. Although most HNSCC originate from the mucosal surface of the upper aerodigestive tract, where they can be easily detected during a routine clinical examination. Often the definitive diagnosis is delayed because of the difficulty in differentiating from other similar lesions. Activation of proto-oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes are the major molecular alterations involved in carcinogenesis. In addition, epigenetic changes can alter the expression of critical genes important in the development of a variety of cancers. The detection of aberrant gene promoter methylation as a tool for the detection of tumors or its use as prognostic marker have been described for many different cancers including HNSCC. The search for biomarkers has as its main aim the evaluation and measurement of the status of normal and pathological biological processes as well as pharmacological responses to certain treatments. The tracking of these biomarkers is an important part for the identification of individuals in the early stages of head and neck cancer for its diagnostic and prognostic relevance reflecting in high survival rates, better quality of life and less cost to the healthcare system. Therefore, assuming that cancer results from genetic and epigenetic changes, analyzes based on gene methylation profile in combination with the pathological diagnosis would be useful in predicting the behavior of these head and neck tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M R B Arantes
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto - SP, Brazil; Center for Research in Molecular Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII, Barretos - SP, Brazil
| | - A C de Carvalho
- Center for Research in Molecular Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII, Barretos - SP, Brazil
| | - M E Melendez
- Center for Research in Molecular Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII, Barretos - SP, Brazil
| | - A L Carvalho
- Center for Research in Molecular Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII, Barretos - SP, Brazil
| | - E M Goloni-Bertollo
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto - SP, Brazil.
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Wang HC, Chiang WF, Huang HH, Huang SK, Chiang HC. Promoter hypermethylation of the gene encoding heat shock protein B1 in oral squamous carcinoma cells. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 115:376-84. [PMID: 23453029 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanism responsible for the regulation of HSPB1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma was explored in this study. STUDY DESIGN The expression and the methylation status of HSPB1 in oral squamous carcinoma cells were examined using real-time reverse transcription-PCR, methylation-specific PCR and pyrosequencing. RESULTS HSPB1 expression was weakly expressed in oral squamous carcinoma cell lines (N = 4) as compared to that of normal human oral keratinocytes. The lower expressed HSPB1 was associated with promoter hypermethylation of the HSPB1 gene, and the expression of HSPB1 could be induced by treating the cells with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, RG108. Promoter hypermethylation of the HSPB1 gene was also noted in primary oral squamous carcinomas, concomitant with reduced levels of HSPB1 gene expression, as compared to those of the paired neighboring normal tissues. CONCLUSION Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of the HSPB1 gene may explain the reduced expression of HSPB1 noted in oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Chun Wang
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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McKenzie GAG, Hinsley EE, Hunter K, Lambert DW. The endothelin axis in head and neck cancer: a promising therapeutic opportunity? J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 43:395-404. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon A. G. McKenzie
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston UK
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Emma E. Hinsley
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Keith Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
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DNA methylation of PAX1 as a biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:801-8. [PMID: 23907469 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES DNA methylation has been shown to be a promising cancer biomarker. The aim of this study was to evaluate DNA methylation of three transcription factors, sex-determining region Y-box 1 (SOX1), paired box gene 1 (PAX1), and zinc-finger 582 (ZNF582), in detecting oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study was conducted at Taipei Medical University Hospital in Taiwan with 31 cases of various oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas and 40 controls. Questionnaire data assessing environmental exposure, such as alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and betel nut chewing, were obtained from each participant. DNA from oral swabs were analyzed for methylation using quantitative methylation polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes. Methylation status was determined using a methylation index. RESULTS Methylation levels of SOX1, PAX1, and ZNF582 were significantly higher in cancer patients (p = 0.02, p = 0.02, and p = 0.03, respectively). Patients with highly methylated SOX1, PAX1, and ZNF582 had an increased cancer risk with odds ratios (ORs) of 16.50 (95 % CI = 2.85-96.65), 60.57 (95 % CI = 5.85-629.94), and 5.07 (95 % CI = 1.08-23.76), respectively. Area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.85, 0.78, and 0.78 for PAX1, SOX1, and ZNF582, respectively. When stratified based on environmental exposure, the AUC of PAX1 methylation (PAX1 (m) ) was 0.94 in environmental exposure-naïve subjects and 0.85 for SOX1 methylation in subjects who chewed betel nut. In general, the sensitivity and specificity of PAX1 (m) were 87 and 80 % for OSCC detection. The sensitivity of PAX1 (m) in subjects who chewed betel nut was 83 %, with a specificity of 75 %. CONCLUSIONS Testing PAX1 DNA methylation using oral swabs is a promising method for oral cancer detection. Combined assessments regarding betel nut consumption and DNA methylation can improve OSCC screening. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The double E (environmental and epigenetic) assessment is a potential strategy in OSCC screening.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To evaluate recent developments in nutritional epigenomics and related challenges, opportunities, and implications for cancer control and prevention. RECENT FINDINGS Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and understanding the factors that contribute to cancer development may facilitate the development of strategies for cancer prevention and control. Cancer development involves genetic and epigenetic alterations. Genetic marks are permanent, whereas epigenetic marks are dynamic, change with age, and are influenced by the external environment. Thus, epigenetics provides a link between the environment, diet, and cancer development. Proper food selection is imperative for better health and to avoid cancer and other diseases. Nutrients either contribute directly to cancer prevention or support the repair of genomic and epigenomic damage caused by exposure to cancer-causing agents such as toxins, free radicals, radiation, and infectious agents. Nutritional epigenomics provides an opportunity for cancer prevention because selected nutrients have the potential to reverse cancer-associated epigenetic marks in different tumor types. A number of natural foods and their bioactive components have been shown to have methylation-inhibitory and deacetylation-inhibitory properties. SUMMARY Natural foods and bioactive food components have characteristics and functions that are similar to epigenetic inhibitors and therefore have potential in cancer control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Verma
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-7324, USA.
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Welch AK, Jacobs ME, Wingo CS, Cain BD. Early progress in epigenetic regulation of endothelin pathway genes. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:327-34. [PMID: 22220553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of gene transcription is a major regulatory determinant for function of the endothelin pathway. Epigenetic mechanisms act on tissue-specific gene expression during development and in response to physiological stimuli. Most of the limited evidence available on epigenetic regulation of the endothelin pathway focuses on the EDN1 and EDNRB genes. Examination of whole genome databases suggests that both genes are influenced by histone modifications and DNA methylation. This interpretation is supported by studies directed at detecting epigenetic action on the two genes. The clearest illustration of epigenetic factors altering endothelin signalling is DNA methylation-associated EDNRB silencing during tumourigenesis. This review summarizes our current understanding of epigenetic regulation of the endothelin pathway genes. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Endothelin. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.168.issue-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Welch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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