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Dickinson SE, Vaishampayan P, Jandova J, Ai Y(E, Kirschnerova V, Zhang T, Calvert V, Petricoin E, Chow HHS, Hu C, Roe D, Bode A, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Wondrak GT. Inhibition of UV-Induced Stress Signaling and Inflammatory Responses in SKH-1 Mouse Skin by Topical Small-Molecule PD-L1 Blockade. JID INNOVATIONS 2024; 4:100255. [PMID: 38328594 PMCID: PMC10847774 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2023.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1 has emerged as a molecular target for skin cancer therapy and might also hold promise for preventive intervention targeting solar UV light-induced skin damage. In this study, we have explored the role of PD-L1 in acute keratinocytic photodamage testing the effects of small-molecule pharmacological inhibition. Epidermal PD-L1 upregulation in response to chronic photodamage was established using immunohistochemical and proteomic analyses of a human skin cohort, consistent with earlier observations that PD-L1 is upregulated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Topical application of the small-molecule PD-L1 inhibitor BMS-202 significantly attenuated UV-induced activator protein-1 transcriptional activity in SKH-1 bioluminescent reporter mouse skin, also confirmed in human HaCaT reporter keratinocytes. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that BMS-202 antagonized UV induction of inflammatory gene expression. Likewise, UV-induced cleavage of procaspase-3, a hallmark of acute skin photodamage, was attenuated by topical BMS-202. NanoString nCounter transcriptomic analysis confirmed downregulation of cutaneous innate immunity- and inflammation-related responses, together with upregulation of immune response pathway gene expression. Further mechanistic analysis confirmed that BMS-202 antagonizes UV-induced PD-L1 expression both at the mRNA and protein levels in SKH-1 epidermis. These data suggest that topical pharmacological PD-L1 antagonism using BMS-202 shows promise for skin protection against photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E. Dickinson
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Tucson, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Skin Cancer Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Prajakta Vaishampayan
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jana Jandova
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Yuchen (Ella) Ai
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Viktoria Kirschnerova
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Tianshun Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Valerie Calvert
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Emanuel Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - H-H. Sherry Chow
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Chengcheng Hu
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zukerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Denise Roe
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zukerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ann Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Clara Curiel-Lewandrowski
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Skin Cancer Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine Tucson, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Georg T. Wondrak
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Skin Cancer Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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2
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Miller MS, Mohammed A. Emerging Trends in Cancer Prevention Agent Development. J Cancer Prev 2023; 28:24-28. [PMID: 37033328 PMCID: PMC10080017 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2023.28.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in omics and immunology over the past 20 years have revolutionized the approach to cancer prevention, with the goal now focused on identifying populations at higher risk for developing cancer in their lifetime as a result of either extensive exposure to environmental carcinogens or harboring precancer lesions or inherited genetic mutations that predispose them to specific types of cancer(s). Thus, the naïve idea that cancer could be "prevented" in the general population has evolved to a more practical approach based on the understanding that the target population for preventive agents will be individuals who already have alterations, in gene pathways, whether inherited or environmentally caused, and the goal will be to "intercept" these lesions at the earliest stages in the path from an initial genetic lesion to full-blown cancer. The Division of Cancer Prevention of the National Cancer Institute and the Office of Disease Prevention at the National Institutes of Health recently sponsored the second biennial "Translational Advances in Cancer Preventive Agent Development Meeting," held virtually from September 7-9th. In this Meeting Report, we highlight the scientific sessions of this meeting that covered the most recent advances in preventive agent development that also highlighted these rapidly emerging trends in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Steven Miller
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Correspondence to Mark Steven Miller, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1191-0977 Altaf Mohammed, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1058-6909
| | - Altaf Mohammed
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Correspondence to Mark Steven Miller, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1191-0977 Altaf Mohammed, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1058-6909
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3
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Koyande NP, Srivastava R, Padmakumar A, Rengan AK. Advances in Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunoprevention and Immunotherapy: A Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1727. [PMID: 36298592 PMCID: PMC9610880 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most effective cancer therapies, cancer immunotherapy has produced outstanding outcomes in the field of cancer treatment. However, the cost is excessive, which limits its applicability. A smart way to address this issue would be to apply the knowledge gained through immunotherapy to develop strategies for the immunoprevention of cancer. The use of cancer vaccines is one of the most popular methods of immunoprevention. This paper reviews the technologies and processes that support the advantages of cancer immunoprevention over traditional cancer immunotherapies. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems and nanoparticle-based nano-vaccines have been employed in the past for cancer immunotherapy. This paper outlines numerous immunoprevention strategies and how nanotechnology can be applied in immunoprevention. To comprehend the non-clinical and clinical evaluation of these cancer vaccines through clinical studies is essential for acceptance of the vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, India
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4
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Emran TB, Shahriar A, Mahmud AR, Rahman T, Abir MH, Siddiquee MFR, Ahmed H, Rahman N, Nainu F, Wahyudin E, Mitra S, Dhama K, Habiballah MM, Haque S, Islam A, Hassan MM. Multidrug Resistance in Cancer: Understanding Molecular Mechanisms, Immunoprevention and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891652. [PMID: 35814435 PMCID: PMC9262248 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Several treatments are available for cancer treatment, but many treatment methods are ineffective against multidrug-resistant cancer. Multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a major obstacle to effective therapeutic interventions against cancer. This review describes the known MDR mechanisms in cancer cells and discusses ongoing laboratory approaches and novel therapeutic strategies that aim to inhibit, circumvent, or reverse MDR development in various cancer types. In this review, we discuss both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, in addition to highlighting hypoxia- and autophagy-mediated drug resistance mechanisms. Several factors, including individual genetic differences, such as mutations, altered epigenetics, enhanced drug efflux, cell death inhibition, and various other molecular and cellular mechanisms, are responsible for the development of resistance against anticancer agents. Drug resistance can also depend on cellular autophagic and hypoxic status. The expression of drug-resistant genes and the regulatory mechanisms that determine drug resistance are also discussed. Methods to circumvent MDR, including immunoprevention, the use of microparticles and nanomedicine might result in better strategies for fighting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Shahriar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, United States
| | - Aar Rafi Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjilur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedy Hasan Abir
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hossain Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nova Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Elly Wahyudin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Mahmoud M Habiballah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- SMIRES for Consultation in Specialized Medical Laboratories, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Queensland Alliance for One Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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5
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Unver N, Mohindroo C. Targets and Strategies for Cancer Immunoprevention. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2435:7-17. [PMID: 34993936 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2014-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays a key role in cancer prevention, initiation, and progression. Antitumoral immune responses can be boosted by harnessing antitumorigenic immune activators and/or blocking tumorigenic proinflammatory factors. Here we define these targets as well as the strategies that could be developed for effective cancer immunoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Unver
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Chirayu Mohindroo
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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6
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Jiang Y, Jiang Z, Wang M, Ma L. Current understandings and clinical translation of nanomedicines for breast cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114034. [PMID: 34736986 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers that is threatening women's life. Current clinical treatment regimens for breast cancer often involve neoadjuvant and adjuvant systemic therapies, which somewhat are associated with unfavorable features. Also, the heterogeneous nature of breast cancers requires precision medicine that cannot be fulfilled by a single type of systemically administered drug. Taking advantage of the nanocarriers, nanomedicines emerge as promising therapeutic agents for breast cancer that could resolve the defects of drugs and achieve precise drug delivery to almost all sites of primary and metastatic breast tumors (e.g. tumor vasculature, tumor stroma components, breast cancer cells, and some immune cells). Seven nanomedicines as represented by Doxil® have been approved for breast cancer clinical treatment so far. More nanomedicines including both non-targeting and active targeting nanomedicines are being evaluated in the clinical trials. However, we have to realize that the translation of nanomedicines, particularly the active targeting nanomedicines is not as successful as people have expected. This review provides a comprehensive landscape of the nanomedicines for breast cancer treatment, from laboratory investigations to clinical applications. We also highlight the key advances in the understanding of the biological fate and the targeting strategies of breast cancer nanomedicine and the implications to clinical translation.
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7
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Mancuso JG, Foulkes WD, Pollak MN. Cancer Immunoprevention: A Case Report Raising the Possibility of "Immuno-interception". Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 13:351-356. [PMID: 32241906 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy provides substantial benefits for subsets of patients with advanced cancer, but its utility for cancer prevention is unknown. Lynch syndrome (MIM 120435) is characterized by defective DNA mismatch repair and predisposition to multiple cancers. A variant of Lynch syndrome, Muir-Torre syndrome (MIM 158320), is characterized by frequent gastrointestinal tumors and hyperplastic or neoplastic skin tumors. We report the case of a man with Muir-Torre syndrome who had 136 cutaneous or visceral hyperplastic or neoplastic lesions over a period of 19 years (mean 7.5 neoplasms/year, range 2-26) prior to receiving pembrolizumab immunotherapy as part of multi-modality treatment for invasive bladder cancer. He not only had a complete response of the bladder cancer, but also was noted to have an absence of new cancers during a 22-month follow-up period. This case adds to the rationale for exploring the utility of immune checkpoint blockade for cancer prevention, particularly for patients with DNA repair deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Mancuso
- Cancer Prevention Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - William D Foulkes
- Cancer Prevention Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael N Pollak
- Cancer Prevention Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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8
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Low SLK, Cheema BS, Tan HY, Birling Y, Zhu X. The Feasibility and Effects of Qigong Intervention (Mind-Body Exercise) in Cancer Patients With Insomnia: A Pilot Qualitative Study. Integr Cancer Ther 2020. [PMCID: PMC7716076 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420977671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Up to 80% of cancer patients experience insomnia that significantly affects their quality of life. This pilot qualitative study investigated the feasibility and effects of a 3-week Qigong (mind-body exercise) intervention with a 1-week follow-up in cancer patients experiencing insomnia. Methods: Cancer patients with insomnia who had completed radiotherapy or chemotherapy treatment and/or were at least 8 weeks post-cancer-related surgery were recruited. Primary outcomes were feasibility outcomes, which included recruitment, retention, attendance, completion of assessment, adverse events and participant feedback via a questionnaire and focus group/individual interview. Secondary outcomes on insomnia severity and sleep quality were measured using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at baseline, mid, post-intervention and follow-up. Results: Seven participants were recruited and two withdrew from the study. The participant retention rate was 71.4% with an overall attendance rate of more than 84% and participants were able to complete all required assessments. An adverse event relating to the worsening of existing musculoskeletal condition was reported. Qualitative analysis of participant feedback identified 4 emerging themes: (1) experience from Qigong intervention; (2) class preferences; (3) barriers to participation; and (4) recommendation for improvement. Participants reported increased relaxation, improved sleep and energy level, better upper body flexibility and reduced stress. Both ISI and PSQI scores improved significantly (P < .05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that it is feasible to employ the current clinical trial design using Qigong intervention on insomnia in cancer patients. Preliminary data suggest that the intervention may improve sleep outcomes, however, these findings need to be confirmed by future robust randomized controlled trials. Trial registration: The trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001670268) http://www.ANZCTR.org.au/ACTRN12618001670268.aspxon10October2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. K. Low
- School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
- Chinese Medicine Centre, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
| | - Birinder S. Cheema
- School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
| | - Hsiewe Ying Tan
- School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
| | - Yoann Birling
- Chinese Medicine Centre, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaoshu Zhu
- School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
- Chinese Medicine Centre, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
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9
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Safavi A, Kefayat A, Mahdevar E, Ghahremani F, Nezafat N, Modarressi MH. Efficacy of co-immunization with the DNA and peptide vaccines containing SYCP1 and ACRBP epitopes in a murine triple-negative breast cancer model. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 17:22-34. [PMID: 32497486 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1763693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiepitope cancer vaccines have gained lots of attention for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes in cancer patients. In our previous study, multiepitope DNA and peptide cancer vaccines consisted of the most immunodominant epitopes of ACRBP and SYCP1 antigens were designed by bioinformatic tools. In this study, the effect of prophylactic co-immunization with these DNA and peptide cancer vaccines in the 4T1 breast cancer animal model was assessed. Serum levels of the peptide-specific IgG total, IgG2a and IgG1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, the efficacy of the immunized mice splenocytes' for producing interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was evaluated. The co-immunization caused a significant (P < .05) increase in the serum levels of IgG1 and IgG2a. The co-immunized mice splenocytes exhibited significantly enhanced IL-4 (6.6-fold) and IFN-γ (19-fold) production. Also, their lymphocytes exhibited higher proliferation rate (3-fold) and granzyme B production (6.5-fold) in comparison with the control. The prophylactic co-immunization significantly decreased the breast tumors' volume (78%) and increased the tumor-bearing mice survival time (37.5%) in comparison with the control. Taking together, prophylactic co-immunization with these multiepitope DNA and peptide cancer vaccines can activate the immune system against breast cancer. However, further experiments are needed to evaluate their efficacy from different angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Safavi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Kefayat
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Mahdevar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Science and Arts University , Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghahremani
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiotherapy, Arak School of Paramedicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences , Arak, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
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10
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Le Cornet C, Schildknecht K, Rossello Chornet A, Fortner RT, González Maldonado S, Katzke VA, Kühn T, Johnson T, Olek S, Kaaks R. Circulating Immune Cell Composition and Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study Using Epigenetic Cell Count Measures. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1885-1892. [PMID: 32075798 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although ample evidence indicates that immune cell homeostasis is an important prognostic outcome determinant in patients with cancer, few studies have examined whether it also determines cancer risk among initially healthy individuals. We performed a case-cohort study including incident cases of breast (n = 207), colorectal (n = 111), lung (n = 70), and prostate (n = 201) cancer as well as a subcohort (n = 465) within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Heidelberg cohort. Relative counts of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocyte sublineages were measured by qRT-PCR. HRs and 95% confidence intervals were used to measure the associations between relative counts of immune cell and cancer risks. When relative counts of immune cell types were taken individually, a significant positive association was observed between relative counts of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and lung cancer risk, and significant inverse associations were observed between relative CD8+ counts and risks of lung and breast cancer (overall and ER+ subtype). Multivariable models with mutual adjustments across immune markers showed further significant positive associations between higher relative FOXP3+ T-cell counts and increased risks of colorectal and breast cancer (overall and ER- subtype). No associations were found between immune cell composition and prostate cancer risk. These results affirm the relevance of elevated FOXP3+ Tregs and lower levels of cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells as risk factors for tumor development. SIGNIFICANCE: This epidemiologic study supports a role for both regulatory and cytotoxic T cells in determining cancer risk among healthy individuals.See related commentary by Song and Tworoger, p. 1801.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Le Cornet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Schildknecht
- Ivana Türbachova Laboratory for Epigenetics, Precision for Medicine Group, Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Araceli Rossello Chornet
- Ivana Türbachova Laboratory for Epigenetics, Precision for Medicine Group, Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renée T Fortner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Verena A Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Olek
- Ivana Türbachova Laboratory for Epigenetics, Precision for Medicine Group, Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Palladini A, Landuzzi L, Lollini PL, Nanni P. Cancer immunoprevention: from mice to early clinical trials. BMC Immunol 2018; 19:16. [PMID: 29902992 PMCID: PMC6003025 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-018-0253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunoprevention is based on the fact that a functioning immune system controls tumor onset and development in humans and animals, thus leading to the idea that the enhancement of immune responses in healthy individuals could effectively reduce cancer risk later in life. Successful primary immunoprevention of tumors caused by hepatitis B and papilloma viruses is already implemented at the population level with specific vaccines. The immunoprevention of human tumors unrelated to infectious agents is an outstanding challenge. Proof-of-principle preclinical studies in genetically-modified or in carcinogen-exposed mice clearly demonstrated that vaccines and other immunological treatments induce host immune responses that effectively control tumor onset and progression, eventually resulting in cancer prevention. While a straightforward translation to healthy humans is currently unfeasible, a number of pioneering clinical trials showed that cancer immunoprevention can be effectively implemented in human cohorts affected by specific cancer risks, such as preneoplastic/early neoplastic lesions. Future developments will see the implementation of cancer immunoprevention in a wider range of conditions at risk of tumor development, such as the exposure to known carcinogens and genetic predispositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Palladini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Viale Filopanti 22, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Viale Filopanti 22, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Nanni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Viale Filopanti 22, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Fletcher R, Wang YJ, Schoen RE, Finn OJ, Yu J, Zhang L. Colorectal cancer prevention: Immune modulation taking the stage. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:138-148. [PMID: 29391185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prevention or early detection is one of the most promising strategies against colorectal cancer (CRC), the second leading cause of cancer death in the US. Recent studies indicate that antitumor immunity plays a key role in CRC prevention. Accumulating evidence suggests that immunosurveillance represents a critical barrier that emerging tumor cells have to overcome in order to sustain the course of tumor development. Virtually all of the agents with cancer preventive activity have been shown to have an immune modulating effect. A number of immunoprevention studies aimed at triggering antitumor immune response against early lesions have been performed, some of which have shown promising results. Furthermore, the recent success of immune checkpoint blockade therapy reinforces the notion that cancers including CRC can be effectively intervened via immune modulation including immune normalization, and has stimulated various immune-based combination prevention studies. This review summarizes recent advances to help better harness the immune system in CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Fletcher
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yi-Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert E Schoen
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Olivera J Finn
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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13
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Abstract
In this review, we address selected areas that are central to the state-of-the-art of cancer prevention science. The emphasis on prevention as a viable and critical approach to decreasing cancer mortality has gained traction in recent years, evidenced by its inclusion in the US Vice President's Cancer Initiative (also termed 'Moonshot'). Cancer prevention occurs by arresting, slowing down, or reversing the carcinogenic process before invasion into surrounding tissue or by avoiding or blocking causative exposure. An important challenge is to identify individuals who will benefit most from preventive interventions with the least possible harm. Preventive interventions range from avoiding known carcinogens (e.g., tobacco or asbestos) to intervening with anticarcinogenic strategies (behavioral modifications , such as diet and exercise; medications; nutritional agents; and vaccination against causative agents). Here, we focus on active intervention with measures involving pharmaceutical and immunological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara K Dunn
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9787, Bethesda, MD 20892-9787, USA
| | - Barnett S Kramer
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9787, Bethesda, MD 20892-9787, USA
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14
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Wang J, Xie T, Wang B, William WN, Heymach JV, El-Naggar AK, Myers JN, Caulin C. PD-1 Blockade Prevents the Development and Progression of Carcinogen-Induced Oral Premalignant Lesions. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:684-693. [PMID: 29018057 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is preceded by progressive oral premalignant lesions (OPL). Therefore, therapeutic strategies that prevent malignant progression of OPLs are expected to reduce the incidence of OSCC development. Immune checkpoint inhibitors that target the interaction of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) on T cells with the PD-1 ligand PD-L1 on cancer cells have been shown to extend the survival of patients with advanced OSCC. Here, we used the 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) mouse model of oral carcinogenesis to test the hypothesis that PD-1 blockade may control the progression of OPLs. Mice were exposed to 4-NQO in their drinking water and then randomly assigned to two treatment groups that received either a blocking antibody for PD-1 or a control IgG. We found that anti-PD-1 treatment significantly reduced the number of oral lesions that developed in these mice and prevented malignant progression. Low-grade dysplastic lesions responded to PD-1 blockade with a significant increase in the recruitment of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and the accumulation of CTLA-4+ T cells in their microenvironment. Notably, PD-1 inhibition was accompanied by induction of IFNγ, STAT1 activation and the production of the T-cell effector granzyme B in infiltrating cells, and by the induction of apoptosis in the epithelial cells of the oral lesions, suggesting that T-cell activation mediates the immunopreventive effects of anti-PD-1. These results support the potential clinical benefit of PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade to prevent OSCC development and progression and suggest that CTLA-4 inhibitors may enhance the preventive effects of anti-PD-1. Cancer Prev Res; 10(12); 684-93. ©2017 AACRSee related editorial by Gutkind et al., p. 681.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of E.N.T., Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tongxin Xie
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - William N William
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Adel K El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carlos Caulin
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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15
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Pan J, Zhang Q, Sei S, Shoemaker RH, Lubet RA, Wang Y, You M. Immunoprevention of KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma by a multipeptide vaccine. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82689-82699. [PMID: 29137294 PMCID: PMC5669920 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Mutations in KRAS are detected in up to 30% of lung cancer cases. No effective therapies specifically targeting mutant KRAS have been developed. Vaccination against KRAS mutants is one of the venues of active exploration. The present study evaluated both immunogenicity and antitumor efficacy of a newly formulated multipeptide vaccine targeting multiple epitopes of the KRAS molecule. The formulated vaccine contained top four peptides, which elicited the strongest immunologic response and showed 100% sequence homology between human and mouse. The multipeptide KRAS vaccine was tested in an inducible CCSP-TetO-KRASG12D mouse model, where the vaccine was administered prior to activating the mutant KRAS protein. The KRAS peptide vaccine exhibited striking efficacy, reducing tumor number and tumor burden by >80% when compared with adjuvant alone. Splenocytes collected from vaccinated animals showed a robust immunologic response to the immunizing peptides. Furthermore, in vitro stimulation of these splenocytes by the vaccinated peptides resulted in the secretion of cytokines indicative of Th1 responses but with minimal secretion of Th2-related cytokines. The multipeptide KRAS vaccine was immunogenic and efficacious in the primary prevention of KRAS-induced lung cancer, indicating that the approach potentially can be used to prevent other KRAS-driven cancers, either alone or in combination with other modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shizuko Sei
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert H Shoemaker
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald A Lubet
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yian Wang
- Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ming You
- Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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16
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Beinart D, Ren D, Pi C, Poulton S, Holzknecht ZE, Swanson C, Parker W. Immunization enhances the natural antibody repertoire. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:1018-1030. [PMID: 28900382 PMCID: PMC5579407 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The role of immunization in the production of antibodies directed against immunogens is widely appreciated in laboratory animals and in humans. However, the role of immunization in the development of "natural antibodies" has not been investigated. Natural antibodies are those antibodies present without known history of infection or immunization, and react to a wide range of targets, including "cryptic" self-antigens that are exposed upon cell death. In this study, the ability of immunization to elicit the production of natural antibodies in laboratory rats was evaluated. Laboratory rats were immunized with a series of injections using peanut extracts (a common allergen), a high molecular weight protein conjugated to hapten (FITC-KLH), and a carbohydrate conjugated to hapten (DNP-Ficall). Significantly greater binding of antibodies from immunized animals compared to controls was observed to numerous autologous organ extracts (brain, kidney, liver, lung, prostate, and spleen) for both IgM and IgG, although the effect was more pronounced for IgM. These studies suggest that immunization may have at least one unforeseen benefit, enhancing networks of natural antibodies that may be important in such processes as wound repair and tumor surveillance. Such enhancement of natural antibody function may be particularly important in Western society, where decreased exposure to the environment may be associated with a weakened natural antibody repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Beinart
- Duke University Medical Center, Box 2605, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Daniel Ren
- Duke University Medical Center, Box 2605, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Cinthia Pi
- Duke University Medical Center, Box 2605, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Susan Poulton
- Duke University Medical Center, Box 2605, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Zoie E Holzknecht
- Duke University Medical Center, Box 2605, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Chelsea Swanson
- Duke University Medical Center, Box 2605, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC 27710
| | - William Parker
- Duke University Medical Center, Box 2605, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC 27710
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17
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Kopaei R, Khajegir A, Kiani S. The Association between Dystemperament and Prevention of Diseases: A Systematic Review. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:YE01-YE06. [PMID: 27790567 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/19023.8511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Temperament or mizaj is referred to four different humors differentiating individuals and as a result, proposing different preventive measures for their diseases. AIM In this study, a systematic and purposeful review with emphasis on the research question was done to retrieve, evaluate and consolidate the required information. MATERIALS AND METHODS Computerized search of published original articles with fulltext was performed using PubMed and Web of Science, Medline data Science direct, ProQuest, SID and Cochrane Library bases as well as local references from March 1990 to March 2016. The key terms used were "temperament", "Dystemperament", "prevention", "health promotion", "sue mizaj", "treatments" and "preventive measures","preventive medicine". Original and translated books were also used. Out of 25 articles, 9 were selected. RESULTS The findings of this study indicated that there are six essential factors (asbab-e-sitlah Zarooriya), in preventing diseases which includes air, water, food, rest and improvement of body, soul and mind, sleeping and awakening, retention and discharge of fluids, solids, gases and energy from the body and based on the aforementioned causes, some Tadbeer were introduced as Tadabir-i-Nafas (air), Tadbeer-bil-food, Tadbeer-bil-drinks, Tadbeer bil-exercise and physical relaxation, Tadbeer-bil-sleep and wakefulness, Tadbeer bil-retention and discharge. CONCLUSION There are two differences between these two kinds of medicine; firstly, although some preventive factors are overlapped in traditional and mainstream medicines (including nutrition (both food and drink), physical activity and sleep), some of the traditional preventive factors become undelined (retention, air) and some new preventive factors get highlighted in mainstream medicine (e.g., not smoking, not having stress, …); secondly, rules of preventive medicine in Unani system were mentioned in detail and were different for different people with different types of temperament, while the mainstream medicine states its rules, generally for different types of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafieian Kopaei
- PhD in Pharmacology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Alireza Khajegir
- Department of Divinity and Traditional Philosophy, Shahrekord University , Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sara Kiani
- Research Assistant, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord, Iran
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18
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Klein PJ, Schneider R, Rhoads CJ. Qigong in cancer care: a systematic review and construct analysis of effective Qigong therapy. Support Care Cancer 2016; 24:3209-22. [PMID: 27044279 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review (a) assesses the strength of evidence addressing Qigong therapy in supportive cancer care and (b) provides insights for definition of effective Qigong therapy in supportive cancer care. METHODS This mixed-methods study includes (a) a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) following PRISMA guidelines and (b) a constant-comparative qualitative analysis of effective intervention protocols. RESULTS Eleven published randomized clinical trials were reviewed. A total of 831 individuals were studied. Geographic settings include the USA, Australia, China, Hong Kong, and Malaysia. Qigong therapy was found to have positive effects on the cancer-specific QOL, fatigue, immune function, and cortisol levels of individuals with cancer. Qigong therapy protocols varied supporting a plurality of styles. Qualitative analyses identified common programming constructs. Content constructs included exercise (gentle, integrated, repetitious, flowing, weight-bearing movements), breath regulation, mindfulness and meditation, energy cultivation including self-massage, and emphasis on relaxation. Logistic constructs included delivery by qualified instructors, home practice, and accommodation for impaired activity tolerance. CONCLUSIONS There is global interest and a growing body of research providing evidence of therapeutic effect of Qigong therapy in supportive cancer care. While Qigong therapy protocols vary in style, construct commonalities do exist. Knowledge of the common constructs among effective programs revealed in this research may be used to guide future research intervention protocol and community programming design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Klein
- S.U.N.Y. at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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19
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Koeneman MM, Kruitwagen RFPM, Nijman HW, Slangen BFM, Van Gorp T, Kruse AJ. Natural history of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a review of prognostic biomarkers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:527-46. [PMID: 25703310 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1012068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The natural history of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is largely unpredictable and current histopathological examination is unable to differentiate between lesions that will regress and those that will not. Therefore, most high-grade lesions are currently treated by surgical excision, leading to overtreatment and unnecessary complications. Prognostic biomarkers may differentiate between lesions that will regress and those that will not, making individualized treatment of high-grade CIN possible. This review identifies several promising prognostic biomarkers. These biomarkers include viral genotype and viral DNA methylation (viral factors), human leukocyte antigen-subtypes, markers of lymphoproliferative response, telomerase amplification and human papillomavirus-induced epigenetic effects (host factors) and Ki-67, p53 and pRb (cellular factors). All identified biomarkers were evaluated according to their role in the natural history of high-grade CIN and according to established criteria for evaluation of biomarkers (prospective-specimen-collection, retrospective-blinded-evaluation [PROBE] criteria). None of the biomarkers meets the PROBE criteria for clinical applicability and more research on prognostic biomarkers in high-grade CIN is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot M Koeneman
- GROW, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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