1
|
Tragkola V, Anestopoulos I, Kyriakou S, Amery T, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Naturally-derived phenethyl isothiocyanate modulates apoptotic induction through regulation of the intrinsic cascade and resulting apoptosome formation in human malignant melanoma cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38919011 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2369666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer with increasing incidence rates worldwide. On the other hand, watercress is a rich source of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), among others, which has been widely investigated for its anticancer properties against various cancers. In the present study, we evaluated the role of a watercress extract in modulating apoptotic induction in an in vitro model of human malignant melanoma consisting of melanoma (A375, COLO-679, COLO-800), non-melanoma epidermoid carcinoma (A431) and immortalized, non-tumorigenic keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. Moreover, the chemical composition of the watercress extract was characterized through UPLC MS/MS and other analytical methodologies. In addition, cytotoxicity was assessed by the alamar blue assay whereas apoptosis was determined, initially, by a multiplex activity assay kit (measuring levels of activated caspases -3, -8 and -9) as well as by qRT-PCR for the identification of major genes regulating apoptosis. In addition, protein expression levels were evaluated by western immunoblotting. Our data indicate that the extract contains various phytochemicals (e.g. phenolics, flavonoids, pigments, etc.) while isothiocyanates (ITCs; especially PEITC) were the most abundant. In addition, the extract was shown to exert a significant time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity against all malignant melanoma cell lines while non-melanoma and non-tumorigenic cells exhibited significant resistance. Finally, expression profiling revealed a number of genes (and corresponding proteins) being implicated in regulating apoptotic induction through activation of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. Overall, our data indicate the potential of PEITC as a promising anti-cancer agent in the clinical management of human malignant melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venetia Tragkola
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Anestopoulos
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sotiris Kyriakou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Rodrigo Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu P, Zhang B, Li Y, Yuan Q. Potential mechanisms of cancer prevention and treatment by sulforaphane, a natural small molecule compound of plant-derived. Mol Med 2024; 30:94. [PMID: 38902597 PMCID: PMC11191161 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in tumor diagnosis and treatment technologies, the number of cancer cases and deaths worldwide continues to increase yearly, creating an urgent need to find new methods to prevent or treat cancer. Sulforaphane (SFN), as a member of the isothiocyanates (ITCs) family, which is the hydrolysis product of glucosinolates (GLs), has been shown to have significant preventive and therapeutic cancer effects in different human cancers. Early studies have shown that SFN scavenges oxygen radicals by increasing cellular defenses against oxidative damage, mainly through the induction of phase II detoxification enzymes by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). More and more studies have shown that the anticancer mechanism of SFN also includes induction of apoptotic pathway in tumor cells, inhibition of cell cycle progression, and suppression of tumor stem cells. Therefore, the application of SFN is expected to be a necessary new approach to treating cancer. In this paper, we review the multiple molecular mechanisms of SFN in cancer prevention and treatment in recent years, which can provide a new vision for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang S, Lee HC, Lee S. Predicting herb-disease associations using network-based measures in human protein interactome. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:218. [PMID: 38845010 PMCID: PMC11157705 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural herbs are frequently used to treat diseases or to relieve symptoms in many countries. Moreover, as their safety has been proven for a long time, they are considered as main sources of new drug development. However, in many cases, the herbs are still prescribed relying on ancient records and/or traditional practices without scientific evidences. More importantly, the medicinal efficacy of the herbs has to be evaluated in the perspective of MCMT (multi-compound multi-target) effects, but most efforts focus on identifying and analyzing a single compound experimentally. To overcome these hurdles, computational approaches which are based on the scientific evidences and are able to handle the MCMT effects are needed to predict the herb-disease associations. RESULTS In this study, we proposed a network-based in silico method to predict the herb-disease associations. To this end, we devised a new network-based measure, WACP (weighted average closest path length), which not only quantifies proximity between herb-related genes and disease-related genes but also considers compound compositions of each herb. As a result, we confirmed that our method successfully predicts the herb-disease associations in the human protein interactome (AUROC = 0.777). In addition, we observed that our method is superior than the other simple network-based proximity measures (e.g. average shortest and closest path length). Additionally, we analyzed the associations between Brassica oleracea var. italica and its known associated diseases more specifically as case studies. Finally, based on the prediction results of the WACP, we suggested novel herb-disease pairs which are expected to have potential relations and their literature evidences. CONCLUSIONS This method could be a promising solution to modernize the use of the natural herbs by providing the scientific evidences about the molecular associations between the herb-related genes targeted by multiple compounds and the disease-related genes in the human protein interactome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Wang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Chang Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seungbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjae Lee
- School of Life Sciences, GIST, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baladia E, Moñino M, Pleguezuelos E, Russolillo G, Garnacho-Castaño MV. Broccoli Consumption and Risk of Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients 2024; 16:1583. [PMID: 38892516 PMCID: PMC11174709 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scientific literature has reported an inverse association between broccoli consumption and the risk of suffering from several types of cancer; however, the results were not entirely consistent across studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies were conducted to determine the association between broccoli consumption and cancer risk with the aim of clarifying the beneficial biological effects of broccoli consumption on cancer. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), and Epistemonikos databases were searched to identify all published papers that evaluate the impact of broccoli consumption on the risk of cancer. Citation chasing of included studies was conducted as a complementary search strategy. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model meta-analysis was employed to quantitatively synthesize results, with the I2 index used to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS Twenty-three case-control studies (n = 12,929 cases and 18,363 controls; n = 31,292 individuals) and 12 cohort studies (n = 699,482 individuals) were included in the meta-analysis. The results suggest an inverse association between broccoli consumption and the risk of cancer both in case-control studies (OR: 0.64, 95% CI from 0.58 to 0.70, p < 0.001; Q = 35.97, p = 0.072, I2 = 30.49%-moderate heterogeneity; τ2 = 0.016) and cohort studies (RR: 0.89, 95% CI from 0.82 to 0.96, p = 0.003; Q = 13.51, p = 0.333, I2 = 11.21%-low heterogeneity; τ2 = 0.002). Subgroup analysis suggested a potential benefit of broccoli consumption in site-specific cancers only in case-control studies. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the findings indicate that individuals suffering from some type of cancer consumed less broccoli, suggesting a protective biological effect of broccoli on cancer. More studies, especially cohort studies, are necessary to clarify the possible beneficial effect of broccoli on several types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Baladia
- Spanish Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (M.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Manuel Moñino
- Spanish Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (M.M.); (G.R.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eulogio Pleguezuelos
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mataró Hospital, Mataró, 08304 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Giuseppe Russolillo
- Spanish Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (E.B.); (M.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Manuel Vicente Garnacho-Castaño
- DAFNiS Research Group, Pain, Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health, Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sah DK, Arjunan A, Park SY, Lee B, Jung YD. Sulforaphane Inhibits IL-1β-Induced IL-6 by Suppressing ROS Production, AP-1, and STAT3 in Colorectal Cancer HT-29 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:406. [PMID: 38671854 PMCID: PMC11047376 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as a major cause of cancer-related mortality globally, accounting for approximately 881,000 deaths each year. Traditional approaches such as chemotherapy and surgery have been the primary treatment modalities, yet the outcomes for patients with metastatic CRC are often unsatisfactory. Recent research has focused on targeting the pathways involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and metastasis to enhance the survival of CRC patients. Within this context, sulforaphane (SFN), a notable phytochemical found predominantly in cruciferous vegetables, has been recognized as a potential anticancer agent. However, the specific mechanisms through which SFN may exert its chemopreventive effects in CRC remain unclear. This study explores the impact of SFN on IL-1β-induced IL-6 activation and MAPK and AP-1 signaling in HT-29 cells. Our findings reveal that SFN treatment not only diminishes IL-1β-stimulated IL-6 expression but also reduces oxidative stress by curtailing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, it hinders the proliferation and invasiveness of HT-29 cells through the modulation of MAPK/AP-1 and STAT3 signaling pathways. These results indicate that SFN mitigates IL-1β-induced IL-6 expression in CRC cells by attenuating ROS production and disrupting MAPK/AP-1 signaling. This suggests that SFN holds significant potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for both treating and preventing CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (D.K.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Archana Arjunan
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (D.K.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Seon Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501190, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bora Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (D.K.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (D.K.S.); (A.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hahm ER, Kim SH, Pore SK, Mathan SV, Singh RP, Singh SV. Mechanism of synergistic inhibitory effect of benzyl isothiocyanate and zoledronic acid combination on breast cancer induction of osteoclast differentiation. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:301-313. [PMID: 37921547 PMCID: PMC10872601 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone is the most favored site for metastasis for each major subtype of breast cancer. Therapeutic modalities for alleviation of clinical symptoms associated with bone metastasis include surgical resection, radiation, and bone-targeted therapies, including bisphosphonates (e.g., zoledronic acid; ZA) and a humanized antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (denosumab). However, the bone-targeted therapies are expensive, and have poor pharmacokinetic attributes and/or serious adverse effects. Therefore, novel strategies are needed for treatment of bone metastasis or to increase effectiveness of existing bone-targeted therapies. We have shown previously that benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a novel inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation in vitro and bone metastasis in vivo. The present study shows that BITC + ZA combination synergistically inhibits osteoclast differentiation induced by addition of conditioned media from breast cancer cells. These effects were associated with a significant increase in levels of several antiosteoclastogenic cytokines, including interferons, interleukin (IL)-3, IL-4, and IL-27. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of RNA-seq data from BITC and/or ZA-treated cells revealed downregulation of genes of many pathways (e.g., actin cytoskeleton, Hippo signaling, etc.) by treatment with BITC + ZA combination, but not by BITC alone or ZA alone. Confocal microscopy confirmed severe disruption of actin cytoskeleton upon treatment of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with the BITC + ZA combination. This combination also decreased the nuclear level of yes-associated protein, a core component of Hippo signaling. In conclusion, the present study offers a novel combination for prevention or treatment of bone metastasis of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Su-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Subrata K. Pore
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida 201313, India
| | - Sivapar V. Mathan
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rana P. Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shivendra V. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Orouji N, Asl SK, Taghipour Z, Habtemariam S, Nabavi SM, Rahimi R. Glucosinolates in cancer prevention and treatment: experimental and clinical evidence. Med Oncol 2023; 40:344. [PMID: 37921869 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are naturally occurring β-d-thioglucosides that mainly exist in the Brassicaceae family. The enzyme myrosinase hydrolyzes glucosinolates to form isothiocyanates, which are chemical protectors. Phenethyl isothiocyanate, sulforaphane, and benzyl isothiocyanate are potential isothiocyanate with efficient anti-cancer effects as a protective or treatment agent. Glucosinolate metabolites exert the cancer-preventive activity through different mechanisms, including induction of the Nrf2 transcription factor, inhibition of expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), induction of apoptosis through inhibiting phase I enzymes and inducting phase II enzymes, interruption of caspase pathways, STAT1/STAT2, inhibition of sulfotransferases. Moreover, glucosinolates and their metabolites are effective in cancer treatment by inhibiting angiogenesis, upregulating natural killers, increasing expression of p53, p21, caspase 3 and 9, and modulating NF-κB. Despite the mentioned cancer-preventing effects, some isothiocyanates can increase the risk of tumors. So, further studies are needed to obtain an accurate and effective dose for each glucosinolates to treat different types of tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Orouji
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417653761, Iran
| | - Siamak Kazemi Asl
- Deputy of Education, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Taghipour
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417653761, Iran
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories and Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Chatham-Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories and Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Chatham-Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Translational Medicine, Baqiyatallah Hospital, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417653761, Iran.
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Treasure K, Harris J, Williamson G. Exploring the anti-inflammatory activity of sulforaphane. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:805-828. [PMID: 37650498 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of innate immune responses can result in chronic inflammatory conditions. Glucocorticoids, the current frontline therapy, are effective immunosuppressive drugs but come with a trade-off of cumulative and serious side effects. Therefore, alternative drug options with improved safety profiles are urgently needed. Sulforaphane, a phytochemical derived from plants of the brassica family, is a potent inducer of phase II detoxification enzymes via nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling. Moreover, a growing body of evidence suggests additional diverse anti-inflammatory properties of sulforaphane through interactions with mediators of key signaling pathways and inflammatory cytokines. Multiple studies support a role for sulforaphane as a negative regulator of nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation and subsequent cytokine release, inflammasome activation and direct regulation of the activity of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Significantly, studies have also highlighted potential steroid-sparing activity for sulforaphane, suggesting that it may have potential as an adjunctive therapy for some inflammatory conditions. This review discusses published research on sulforaphane, including proposed mechanisms of action, and poses questions for future studies that might help progress our understanding of the potential clinical applications of this intriguing molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Treasure
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Heart Hospital, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - James Harris
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Heart Hospital, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zuo M, Chen H, Liao Y, He P, Xu T, Tang J, Zhang N. Sulforaphane and bladder cancer: a potential novel antitumor compound. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1254236. [PMID: 37781700 PMCID: PMC10540234 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1254236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a common form of urinary tract tumor, and its incidence is increasing annually. Unfortunately, an increasing number of newly diagnosed BC patients are found to have advanced or metastatic BC. Although current treatment options for BC are diverse and standardized, it is still challenging to achieve ideal curative results. However, Sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate present in cruciferous plants, has emerged as a promising anticancer agent that has shown significant efficacy against various cancers, including bladder cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that Sulforaphane not only induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in BC cells, but also inhibits the growth, invasion, and metastasis of BC cells. Additionally, it can inhibit BC gluconeogenesis and demonstrate definite effects when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs/carcinogens. Sulforaphane has also been found to exert anticancer activity and inhibit bladder cancer stem cells by mediating multiple pathways in BC, including phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)/beta-catenin (β-Catenin), miR-124/cytokines interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R)/transcription 3 (STAT3). This article provides a comprehensive review of the current evidence and molecular mechanisms of Sulforaphane against BC. Furthermore, we explore the effects of Sulforaphane on potential risk factors for BC, such as bladder outlet obstruction, and investigate the possible targets of Sulforaphane against BC using network pharmacological analysis. This review is expected to provide a new theoretical basis for future research and the development of new drugs to treat BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Neng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mapuskar KA, Pulliam CF, Zepeda-Orozco D, Griffin BR, Furqan M, Spitz DR, Allen BG. Redox Regulation of Nrf2 in Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1728. [PMID: 37760031 PMCID: PMC10525889 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin, a potent chemotherapeutic agent, is marred by severe nephrotoxicity that is governed by mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis pathways. The transcription factor Nrf2, pivotal in cellular defense against oxidative stress and inflammation, is the master regulator of the antioxidant response, upregulating antioxidants and cytoprotective genes under oxidative stress. This review discusses the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced kidney injury, focusing on the role of Nrf2 in cancer therapy and its redox regulation in cisplatin-induced kidney injury. We also explore Nrf2's signaling pathways, post-translational modifications, and its involvement in autophagy, as well as examine redox-based strategies for modulating Nrf2 in cisplatin-induced kidney injury while considering the limitations and potential off-target effects of Nrf2 modulation. Understanding the redox regulation of Nrf2 in cisplatin-induced kidney injury holds significant promise for developing novel therapeutic interventions. This knowledge could provide valuable insights into potential strategies for mitigating the nephrotoxicity associated with cisplatin, ultimately enhancing the safety and efficacy of cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kranti A. Mapuskar
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Casey F. Pulliam
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Diana Zepeda-Orozco
- Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Griffin
- Division of Nephrology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Douglas R. Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Bryan G. Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Salim R, Nehvi IB, Mir RA, Tyagi A, Ali S, Bhat OM. A review on anti-nutritional factors: unraveling the natural gateways to human health. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1215873. [PMID: 37720376 PMCID: PMC10501406 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1215873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are constantly facing multiple health challenges from both communicable and non-communicable diseases that significantly affect their health. Additionally, drug resistance or failure has made the situation even worse and poses serious challenges for researchers to develop new drugs. Hence, to address these problems, there is an urgent need to discover and develop timely and long-term-based therapeutic treatments from different sources. One such approach is harnessing the potential of plant secondary metabolites. Plants have been utilized for therapeutic purposes in addition to being used for nutritional benefits. In the last two decades, plant-based drug developments have been one of the effective means of treating human diseases owing to their multiple functions. More recently, anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) have emerged as one of the important targets for novel plant-based drug development due to their multifaceted and potential pharmacological properties. However, their anti-nutritional properties have been the major setback for their limited success in the pharmacological sector. In this review, we provide an overview of ANFs and their beneficial roles in preventing human diseases with multiple case studies. We also highlight the recent developments and applications of ANFs in the food industry, agriculture, and pharmaceutics with future perspectives. Furthermore, we evaluate meta-analyses on ANFs from the last 30 years in relation to their function in human health benefits. This review is an endeavor to reevaluate the merit of these natural compounds and explore their potential for both human and animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Salim
- Division of Food Science and Technology, SKUAST, Shalimar, India
| | | | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Owais M. Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yan L, Yan Y. Therapeutic potential of sulforaphane in liver diseases: a review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1256029. [PMID: 37705537 PMCID: PMC10495681 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1256029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of liver diseases such as metabolic-associated fatty liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma has increased rapidly worldwide over the past decades. However, pharmacological therapies for these liver diseases are insufficient. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate that is mainly found in cruciferous vegetables, has been found to have a broad spectrum of activities like antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-diabetic, and anticancer effects. Recently, a growing number of studies have reported that SFN could significantly ameliorate hepatic steatosis and prevent the development of fatty liver, improve insulin sensitivity, attenuate oxidative damage and liver injury, induce apoptosis, and inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma cells through multiple signaling pathways. Moreover, many clinical studies have demonstrated that SFN is harmless to the human body and well-tolerated by individuals. This emerging evidence suggests SFN to be a promising drug candidate in the treatment of liver diseases. Nevertheless, limitations exist in the development of SFN as a hepatoprotective drug due to its special properties, including instability, water insolubility, and high inter-individual variation of bioavailability when used from broccoli sprout extracts. Herein, we comprehensively review the recent progress of SFN in the treatment of common liver diseases and the underlying mechanisms, with the aim to provide a better understanding of the therapeutic potential of SFN in liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tow R, Hanoun S, Andresen B, Shahid A, Wang J, Kelly KM, Meyskens FL, Huang Y. Recent Advances in Clinical Research for Skin Cancer Chemoprevention. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3819. [PMID: 37568635 PMCID: PMC10417305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoplasm arising from the keratinocytes or melanocytes in the skin is the most prevalent type of cancer in the United States and worldwide. Since ultraviolet (UV) radiation may be a causing factor for several types of skin cancer, effective strategies to manage skin cancer include preventive measures such as minimizing exposure to UV and applying sunscreens. However, the effect of sunscreen in reducing skin cancer incidence remains uncertain. An alternative approach to prevent skin cancer is chemoprevention, which is defined as using either natural products or synthetic compounds to inhibit, delay, or reverse the development of cancer. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of multiple pharmacological agents and dietary supplements. However, whether preclinical findings can be translated into clinical application is unknown. This review evaluates the state of recent clinical trials investigating chemopreventive agents focusing on skin cancer to compare the target populations, interventions, endpoints, and outcomes of these trials. The ClinicalTrials and PubMed databases were searched for their available literature using the key words "skin cancer" and "chemoprevention". The objective of this review is to provide updated information on the effectiveness and side effects of promising chemopreventive agents in human subjects and to identify research gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Tow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (R.T.); (S.H.); (B.A.); (A.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Samuel Hanoun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (R.T.); (S.H.); (B.A.); (A.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Bradley Andresen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (R.T.); (S.H.); (B.A.); (A.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Ayaz Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (R.T.); (S.H.); (B.A.); (A.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Jeffrey Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (R.T.); (S.H.); (B.A.); (A.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Kristen M. Kelly
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Frank L. Meyskens
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, USA;
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (R.T.); (S.H.); (B.A.); (A.S.); (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Asif Ali M, Khan N, Kaleem N, Ahmad W, Alharethi SH, Alharbi B, Alhassan HH, Al-Enazi MM, Razis AFA, Modu B, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Anticancer properties of sulforaphane: current insights at the molecular level. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1168321. [PMID: 37397365 PMCID: PMC10313060 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1168321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate with multiple biomedical applications. Sulforaphane can be extracted from the plants of the genus Brassica. However, broccoli sprouts are the chief source of sulforaphane and are 20 to 50 times richer than mature broccoli as they contain 1,153 mg/100 g. SFN is a secondary metabolite that is produced as a result of the hydrolysis of glucoraphanin (a glucosinolate) by the enzyme myrosinase. This review paper aims to summarize and understand the mechanisms behind the anticancer potential of sulforaphane. The data was collected by searching PubMed/MedLine, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This paper concludes that sulforaphane provides cancer protection through the alteration of various epigenetic and non-epigenetic pathways. It is a potent anticancer phytochemical that is safe to consume with minimal side effects. However, there is still a need for further research regarding SFN and the development of a standard dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Ali
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noohela Khan
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nabeeha Kaleem
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Salem Hussain Alharethi
- Department of Biological Science, College of Arts and Science, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan H. Alhassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher M. Al-Enazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Babagana Modu
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Costa-Pérez A, Núñez-Gómez V, Baenas N, Di Pede G, Achour M, Manach C, Mena P, Del Rio D, García-Viguera C, Moreno DA, Domínguez-Perles R. Systematic Review on the Metabolic Interest of Glucosinolates and Their Bioactive Derivatives for Human Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061424. [PMID: 36986155 PMCID: PMC10058295 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, most of the evidence on the clinical benefits of including cruciferous foods in the diet has been focused on the content of glucosinolates (GSL) and their corresponding isothiocyanates (ITC), and mercapturic acid pathway metabolites, based on their capacity to modulate clinical, biochemical, and molecular parameters. The present systematic review summarizes findings of human studies regarding the metabolism and bioavailability of GSL and ITC, providing a comprehensive analysis that will help guide future research studies and facilitate the consultation of the latest advances in this booming and less profusely researched area of GSL for food and health. The literature search was carried out in Scopus, PubMed and the Web of Science, under the criteria of including publications centered on human subjects and the use of Brassicaceae foods in different formulations (including extracts, beverages, and tablets), as significant sources of bioactive compounds, in different types of subjects, and against certain diseases. Twenty-eight human intervention studies met inclusion criteria, which were classified into three groups depending on the dietary source. This review summarizes recent studies that provided interesting contributions, but also uncovered the many potential venues for future research on the benefits of consuming cruciferous foods in our health and well-being. The research will continue to support the inclusion of GSL-rich foods and products for multiple preventive and active programs in nutrition and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Costa-Pérez
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS, CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Vanesa Núñez-Gómez
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare-Nostrum”, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Nieves Baenas
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare-Nostrum”, Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (D.A.M.); Tel.: +00-348-6888-9627 (N.B.); +00-349-6839-6200 (D.A.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Di Pede
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Mariem Achour
- Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claudine Manach
- Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina García-Viguera
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS, CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego A. Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS, CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (D.A.M.); Tel.: +00-348-6888-9627 (N.B.); +00-349-6839-6200 (D.A.M.)
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS, CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maguire WF, Haley PH, Dietz CM, Hoffelder M, Brandt CS, Joyce R, Fitzgerald G, Minnier C, Sander C, Ferris LK, Paragh G, Arbesman J, Wang H, Mitchell KJ, Hughes EK, Kirkwood JM. Development and Narrow Validation of Computer Vision Approach to Facilitate Assessment of Change in Pigmented Cutaneous Lesions. JID INNOVATIONS 2023; 3:100181. [PMID: 36960318 PMCID: PMC10030255 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2023.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The documentation of the change in the number and appearance of pigmented cutaneous lesions over time is critical to the early detection of skin cancers and may provide preliminary signals of efficacy in early-phase therapeutic prevention trials for melanoma. Despite substantial progress in computer-aided diagnosis of melanoma, automated methods to assess the evolution of lesions are relatively undeveloped. This report describes the development and narrow validation of mathematical algorithms to register nevi between sequential digital photographs of large areas of skin and to align images for improved detection and quantification of changes. Serial posterior truncal photographs from a pre-existing database were processed and analyzed by the software, and the results were evaluated by a panel of clinicians using a separate Extensible Markup Language‒based application. The software had a high sensitivity for the detection of cutaneous lesions as small as 2 mm. The software registered lesions accurately, with occasional errors at the edges of the images. In one pilot study with 17 patients, the use of the software enabled clinicians to identify new and/or enlarged lesions in 3‒11 additional patients versus the unregistered images. Automated quantification of size change performed similarly to that of human raters. These results support the further development and broader validation of this technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William F. Maguire
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul H. Haley
- Computer Vision Group, Veytel, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Mike Hoffelder
- Computer Vision Group, Veytel, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clara S. Brandt
- Computer Vision Group, Veytel, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robin Joyce
- Computer Vision Group, Veytel, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Georgia Fitzgerald
- Computer Vision Group, Veytel, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Cindy Sander
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura K. Ferris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gyorgy Paragh
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Hong Wang
- School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Ellen K. Hughes
- Computer Vision Group, Veytel, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John M. Kirkwood
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Correspondence: John M. Kirkwood, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.32, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Adelakun SA, Akintunde OW, Ogunlade B, Adeyeluwa BE. Histochemical and histomorphological evidence of the modulating role of 1-isothiocyanate-4-methyl sulfonyl butane on cisplatin-induced testicular-pituitary axis degeneration and cholesterol homeostasis in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Morphologie 2023; 107:80-98. [PMID: 35659716 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examine the histochemical and histomorphological effect of 1-isothiocyanato-4-methyl sulfonyl butane (SFN) on cisplatin (CP) induced testicular alteration and cholesterol homeostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety adult-male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into nine groups of ten (n=10) rats each. Group A (control) received normal saline, group B received a single dose of 10mg/Kg body weight (bwt) CP (i.p.), group C received 50mg/Kg bwt of SFN, group D received 100mg/Kg bwt of SFN, group E received 10mg/Kg bwt CP and 50mg/Kg bwt of SFN, group F received 10mg/Kg bwt CP and 100mg/Kg bwt of SFN, group G received 10mg/Kg bwt CP and 50mg/Kg bwt vitamin C, group H received 50mg/Kg bwt of SFN and 10mg/Kg bwt CP, group I received 100mg/Kg bwt of SFN and 10mg/Kg bwt CP. The procedure lasted for 56 days. Testicular histomorphology and histochemistry, testicular testosterone, sperm parameters, total antioxidant status (TSA), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and serum lipid profile were examined. RESULTS Cisplatin decrease intra-testicular testosterone, sperm quality, and expression of glycogen and increases testicular TOS and OSI, serum lipid profile, collagen, and disruption of germinal epithelium. However, the intervention of SFN reversed the effect of CP on testes' weight and volume, DSP, ESP, testosterone production, TAS, TOS, and OSI. Histoarchitectecture showing normal seminiferous tubules and even distribution of glycogen and collagen fibers. CONCLUSION Treatment with SFN ameliorate CP-induced testicular toxicity by reversing the cytotoxic mechanisms of CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Adelakun
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - O W Akintunde
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
| | - B Ogunlade
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - B E Adeyeluwa
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li YZ, Yang ZY, Gong TT, Liu YS, Liu FH, Wen ZY, Li XY, Gao C, Luan M, Zhao YH, Wu QJ. Cruciferous vegetable consumption and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of 41 systematic reviews and meta-analyses of 303 observational studies. Food Funct 2022; 13:4247-4259. [PMID: 35352732 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological studies evaluating the associations between the consumption of cruciferous vegetables (CV) and diverse health outcomes have generated inconsistent findings. Therefore, we carried out an umbrella review to systematically summarize existing evidence on this topic. Methods: This study had been registered at PROSPERO (no. CRD42021262011). Relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies were identified by searching PubMed, Web of science, and Embase databases from inception up to March 15, 2021. Observational studies investigating the association between CV intake and multiple health outcomes in humans were eligible for inclusion. The validated AMSTAR (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) instrument was utilized for assessing the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews. For each meta-analysis, we assessed the summary effect size by using fixed and random effects models, 95% prediction intervals, heterogeneity, evidence of small-study effects, and excess significance bias. Results: Our umbrella review included 41 meta-analyses of 303 individual studies involving 13 394 722 participants. Twenty-four health outcomes including cancers (n = 23), cardiovascular disease (n = 12), mortality (n = 5), and metabolic diseases (n = 1) were evaluated. The summary random effects estimates were significant at P < 0.05 in 24 meta-analyses - all of which reported decreased risks of health outcomes. All were of moderate methodological quality in our study. Of the 41 meta-analyses, we observed suggestive evidence for beneficial associations between gastric cancer, lung cancer, endometrial cancer, and all-cause mortality. Moreover, 16 associations were supported by weak evidence, including breast cancer, lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, colon cancer, colorectal adenoma, colorectal neoplasm, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and total cancer. Conclusions: It revealed that CV intake might be associated with beneficial effects on several health-related outcomes (gastric cancer, lung cancer, endometrial cancer, and all-cause mortality). Other associations could be genuine, but substantial uncertainty remains. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between the consumption of CV and various health outcomes as well as robust randomized controlled trials in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zi Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting-Ting Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China.
| | - Ya-Shu Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Wen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng Luan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Nutritional values, beneficial effects, and food applications of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck). Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
21
|
Wei LY, Zhang JK, Zheng L, Chen Y. The functional role of sulforaphane in intestinal inflammation: a review. Food Funct 2021; 13:514-529. [PMID: 34935814 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03398k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation represented by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a global epidemic disease and the number of patients with IBD continues to increase. This digestive tract disease not only affects the absorption of food components by destroying the intestinal epithelial structure, but also can induce diseases in remote organs via the gut-organ axis, seriously harming human health. Nowadays, increasing attention is being paid to the nutritional and medicinal value of food components with increasing awareness among the general public regarding health. As an important member of the isothiocyanates, sulforaphane (SFN) is abundant in cruciferous plants and is famous for its excellent anti-cancer effects. With the development of clinical research, more physiological activities of SFN, such as antidepressant, hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities, have been discovered, supporting the fact that SFN and SFN-rich sources have great potential to be dietary supplements that are beneficial to health. This review summarizes the characteristics of intestinal inflammation, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of SFN and its various protective effects on intestinal inflammation, and the possible future applications of SFN for promoting intestinal health have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yang Wei
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China. .,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Jiu-Kai Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang J, Yang J, Cao M, Zhao Z, Cao B, Yu S. The potential roles of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling in anticancer drug interactions. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100028. [PMID: 34909662 PMCID: PMC8663926 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2), together with its suppressive binding partner Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), regulates cellular antioxidant response and drug metabolism. The roles of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling in the pathology of many diseases have been extensively investigated, and small molecules targeting Nrf2/Keap1 signaling have been developed to prevent or treat diseases such as multiple sclerosis, chronic kidney disease and cancer. Notably, Nrf2 plays dual roles in cancer development and treatment. Activation of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling in cancer cells has been reported to promote cancer progression and result in therapy resistance. Since cancer patients are often suffering comorbidities of other chronic diseases, anticancer drugs could be co-administrated with other drugs and herbs. Nrf2/Keap1 signaling modulators, especially activators, are common in drugs, herbs and dietary ingredients, even they are developed for other targets. Therefore, drug-drug or herb-drug interactions due to modulation of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling should be considered in cancer therapies. Here we briefly summarize basic biochemistry and physiology functions of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling, Nrf2/Keap1 signaling modulators that cancer patients could be exposed to, and anticancer drugs that are sensitive to Nrf2/Keap1 signaling, aiming to call attention to the potential drug-drug or herb-drug interactions between anticancer drugs and these Nrf2/Keap1 signaling modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Mingnan Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Baoshan Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Siwang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li S, Xu Z, Alrobaian M, Afzal O, Kazmi I, Almalki WH, Altamimi ASA, Al-Abbasi FA, Alharbi KS, Altowayan WM, Singh T, Akhter MH, Gupta M, Rahman M, Beg S. EGF-functionalized lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles of 5-fluorouracil and sulforaphane with enhanced bioavailability and anticancer activity against colon carcinoma. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:2205-2221. [PMID: 34775646 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present research work describes development of dual drug-loaded lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) of anticancer therapeutics for the management of colon cancer. The epidermal growth factor (EGF)-functionalized LPHNPs coloaded with 5-fluorouracil (FU) and sulforaphane (SFN) were prepared by one-step nanoprecipitation method. Box-Behnken design was applied for optimizing the material attributes and process parameters. The optimized LPHNPs revealed particle size 198 nm, polydispersity index 0.3, zeta potential -25.3 mV, and drug loading efficiency 19-20.3% for 5-FU and SFN, respectively. EGF functionalization on LPHNPs was confirmed from positive magnitude of zeta potential to 21.3 mV as compared with the plain LPHNPs. In vitro drug release performance indicated sustained and non-Fickian mechanism release nature of the drugs from LPHNPs. Anticancer activity evaluation in HCT-15 colon cancer cells showed significant reduction (p < 0.001) in the cell growth and cytotoxicity of the investigated drugs from various treatments in the order: EGF-functionalized LPHNPs > plain LPHNPs > free drug suspensions. Overall, the research work corroborated improved treatment efficacy of EGF-functionalized LPHNPs for delivering chemotherapeutic agents for the management of colon carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Central Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhongkai Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China
| | - Majed Alrobaian
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed M Altowayan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanuja Singh
- University Department of Botany, Patliputra University, Patna, Bihar, India
| | | | - Manish Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres, Bidholi, Via Premnagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sulforaphane: A Broccoli Bioactive Phytocompound with Cancer Preventive Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194796. [PMID: 34638282 PMCID: PMC8508555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As of the past decade, phytochemicals have become a major target of interest in cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic research. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a metabolite of the phytochemical glucoraphanin, which is found in high abundance in cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, watercress, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage. In both distant and recent research, SFN has been shown to have a multitude of anticancer effects, increasing the need for a comprehensive review of the literature. In this review, we critically evaluate SFN as an anticancer agent and its mechanisms of action based on an impressive number of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Abstract There is substantial and promising evidence on the health benefits of consuming broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables. The most important compound in broccoli, glucoraphanin, is metabolized to SFN by the thioglucosidase enzyme myrosinase. SFN is the major mediator of the health benefits that have been recognized for broccoli consumption. SFN represents a phytochemical of high interest as it may be useful in preventing the occurrence and/or mitigating the progression of cancer. Although several prior publications provide an excellent overview of the effect of SFN in cancer, these reports represent narrative reviews that focused mainly on SFN’s source, biosynthesis, and mechanisms of action in modulating specific pathways involved in cancer without a comprehensive review of SFN’s role or value for prevention of various human malignancies. This review evaluates the most recent state of knowledge concerning SFN’s efficacy in preventing or reversing a variety of neoplasms. In this work, we have analyzed published reports based on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies to determine SFN’s potential as a chemopreventive agent. Furthermore, we have discussed the current limitations and challenges associated with SFN research and suggested future research directions before broccoli-derived products, especially SFN, can be used for human cancer prevention and intervention.
Collapse
|
25
|
Dobre EG, Constantin C, Costache M, Neagu M. Interrogating Epigenome toward Personalized Approach in Cutaneous Melanoma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:901. [PMID: 34575678 PMCID: PMC8467841 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations have emerged as essential contributors in the pathogenesis of various human diseases, including cutaneous melanoma (CM). Unlike genetic changes, epigenetic modifications are highly dynamic and reversible and thus easy to regulate. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the latest research findings on the role of genetic and epigenetic alterations in CM initiation and development. We believe that a better understanding of how aberrant DNA methylation and histone modifications, along with other molecular processes, affect the genesis and clinical behavior of CM can provide the clinical management of this disease a wide range of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as potential therapeutic targets that can be used to prevent or abrogate drug resistance. We will also approach the modalities by which these epigenetic alterations can be used to customize the therapeutic algorithms in CM, the current status of epi-therapies, and the preliminary results of epigenetic and traditional combinatorial pharmacological approaches in this fatal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Georgiana Dobre
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91–95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Pathology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marieta Costache
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91–95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Monica Neagu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91–95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (M.C.); (M.N.)
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Pathology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Khan S, Awan KA, Iqbal MJ. Sulforaphane as a potential remedy against cancer: Comprehensive mechanistic review. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13886. [PMID: 34350614 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane belongs to the active class of isothiocyanates capable of delivering various biological benefits for health promotion and disease prevention. This compound is considered vital to curtail numerous metabolic disorders. Various studies have proven its beneficial effects against cancer prevention and its possible utilization as a therapeutic agent in cancer treatment. Understanding the mechanistic pathways and possible interactions at cellular and subcellular levels is key to design and develop cancer therapeutics for humans. In this respect, a number of mechanisms such as modulation of carcinogen metabolism & phase II enzymatic activities, cell cycle arrest, activation of Nrf2, cytotoxic, proapoptotic and apoptotic pathways have been reported to be involved in cancer prevention. This article provides sufficient information by critical analysis to understand the mechanisms involved in cancer prevention attributed to sulforaphane. Furthermore, various clinical studies have also been included for design and development of novel therapies for cancer prevention and cure. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Diet and dietary components are potential tools to address various lifestyle-related disorders. Due to plenty of environmental and cellular toxicants, the chances of cancer prevalence are quite large which are worsen by adopting unhealthy lifestyles. Cancer can be treated with various therapies but those are acquiring side effects causing the patients to suffer the treatment regime. Nutraceuticals and functional foods provide safer options to prevent or delay the onset of cancer. In this regard, sulforaphane is a pivotal compound to be targeted as a potential agent for cancer treatment both in preventive and therapeutic regimes. This article provides sufficient evidence via discussing the underlying mechanisms of positive effects of sulforaphane to further the research for developing anticancer drugs that will help assuage this lethal morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iahtisham-Ul-Haq
- School of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Minhaj University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sipper Khan
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kanza Aziz Awan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Scuto M, Trovato Salinaro A, Caligiuri I, Ontario ML, Greco V, Sciuto N, Crea R, Calabrese EJ, Rizzolio F, Canzonieri V, Calabrese V. Redox modulation of vitagenes via plant polyphenols and vitamin D: Novel insights for chemoprevention and therapeutic interventions based on organoid technology. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111551. [PMID: 34358533 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are chemopreventive through the induction of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated proteins and anti-inflammatory pathways. These pathways, encoding cytoprotective vitagenes, include heat shock proteins, such as heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as glutathione redox system to protect against cancer initiation and progression. Phytochemicals exhibit biphasic dose responses on cancer cells, activating at low dose, signaling pathways resulting in upregulation of vitagenes, as in the case of the Nrf2 pathway upregulated by hydroxytyrosol (HT) or curcumin and NAD/NADH-sirtuin-1 activated by resveratrol. Here, the importance of vitagenes in redox stress response and autophagy mechanisms, as well as the potential use of dietary antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of multiple types of cancer are discussed. We also discuss the possible relationship between SARS-CoV-2, inflammation and cancer, exploiting innovative therapeutic approaches with HT-rich aqueous olive pulp extract (Hidrox®), a natural polyphenolic formulation, as well as the rationale of Vitamin D supplementation. Finally, we describe innovative approaches with organoids technology to study human carcinogenesis in preclinical models from basic cancer research to clinical practice, suggesting patient-derived organoids as an innovative tool to test drug toxicity and drive personalized therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Nello Sciuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Roberto Crea
- Oliphenol LLC., 26225 Eden Landing Road, Suite C, Hayward, CA 94545, USA.
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, 30123 Venezia, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zimmerman AW, Singh K, Connors SL, Liu H, Panjwani AA, Lee LC, Diggins E, Foley A, Melnyk S, Singh IN, James SJ, Frye RE, Fahey JW. Randomized controlled trial of sulforaphane and metabolite discovery in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Mol Autism 2021; 12:38. [PMID: 34034808 PMCID: PMC8146218 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-021-00447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sulforaphane (SF), an isothiocyanate in broccoli, has potential benefits relevant to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through its effects on several metabolic and immunologic pathways. Previous clinical trials of oral SF demonstrated positive clinical effects on behavior in young men and changes in urinary metabolomics in children with ASD.
Methods We conducted a 15-week randomized parallel double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial with 15-week open-label treatment and 6-week no-treatment extensions in 57 children, ages 3–12 years, with ASD over 36 weeks. Twenty-eight were assigned SF and 29 received placebo (PL). Clinical effects, safety and tolerability of SF were measured as were biomarkers to elucidate mechanisms of action of SF in ASD. Results Data from 22 children taking SF and 23 on PL were analyzed. Treatment effects on the primary outcome measure, the Ohio Autism Clinical Impressions Scale (OACIS), in the general level of autism were not significant between SF and PL groups at 7 and 15 weeks. The effect sizes on the OACIS were non-statistically significant but positive, suggesting a possible trend toward greater improvement in those on treatment with SF (Cohen’s d 0.21; 95% CI − 0.46, 0.88 and 0.10; 95% CI − 0.52, 0.72, respectively). Both groups improved in all subscales when on SF during the open-label phase. Caregiver ratings on secondary outcome measures improved significantly on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) at 15 weeks (Cohen’s d − 0.96; 95% CI − 1.73, − 0.15), but not on the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2). Ratings on the ABC and SRS-2 improved with a non-randomized analysis of the length of exposure to SF, compared to the pre-treatment baseline (p < 0.001). There were significant changes with SF compared to PL in biomarkers of glutathione redox status, mitochondrial respiration, inflammatory markers and heat shock proteins. Clinical laboratory studies confirmed product safety. SF was very well tolerated and side effects of treatment, none serious, included rare insomnia, irritability and intolerance of the taste and smell. Limitations The sample size was limited to 45 children with ASD and we did not impute missing data. We were unable to document significant changes in clinical assessments during clinical visits in those taking SF compared to PL. The clinical results were confounded by placebo effects during the open-label phase. Conclusions SF led to small yet non-statistically significant changes in the total and all subscale scores of the primary outcome measure, while for secondary outcome measures, caregivers’ assessments of children taking SF showed statistically significant improvements compared to those taking PL on the ABC but not the SRS-2. Clinical effects of SF were less notable in children compared to our previous trial of a SF-rich preparation in young men with ASD. Several of the effects of SF on biomarkers correlated to clinical improvements. SF was very well tolerated and safe and effective based on our secondary clinical measures. Trial registration: This study was prospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02561481) on September 28, 2015. Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Defense. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13229-021-00447-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Zimmerman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 N. Lake Ave., Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Kanwaljit Singh
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 N. Lake Ave., Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Susan L Connors
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 N. Lake Ave., Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and The Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Anita A Panjwani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and iMIND Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 3rd St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Li-Ching Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Eileen Diggins
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 N. Lake Ave., Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Ann Foley
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 N. Lake Ave., Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Stepan Melnyk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Indrapal N Singh
- Barrow Neurologic Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital and Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, 475 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - S Jill James
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Richard E Frye
- Barrow Neurologic Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital and Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, 475 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Jed W Fahey
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, and The Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and iMIND Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fahey JW, Kensler TW. The Challenges of Designing and Implementing Clinical Trials With Broccoli Sprouts… and Turning Evidence Into Public Health Action. Front Nutr 2021; 8:648788. [PMID: 33996874 PMCID: PMC8116591 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.648788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Broccoli sprouts are a convenient and rich source of the glucosinolate glucoraphanin, which can generate the chemopreventive agent sulforaphane through the catalytic actions of plant myrosinase or β-thioglucosidases in the gut microflora. Sulforaphane, in turn, is an inducer of cytoprotective enzymes through activation of Nrf2 signaling, and a potent inhibitor of carcinogenesis in multiple murine models. Sulforaphane is also protective in models of diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, and other inflammatory processes, likely reflecting additional actions of Nrf2 and interactions with other signaling pathways. Translating this efficacy into the design and implementation of clinical chemoprevention trials, especially food-based trials, faces numerous challenges including the selection of the source, placebo, and dose as well as standardization of the formulation of the intervention material. Unlike in animals, purified sulforaphane has had very limited use in clinical studies. We have conducted a series of clinical studies and randomized clinical trials to evaluate the effects of composition (glucoraphanin-rich [± myrosinase] vs. sulforaphane-rich or mixture beverages), formulation (beverage vs. tablet) and dose, on the efficacy of these broccoli sprout-based preparations to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic action, and clinical benefit. While the challenges for the evaluation of broccoli sprouts in clinical trials are themselves formidable, further hurdles must be overcome to bring this science to public health action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jed W. Fahey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Thomas W. Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Elkashty OA, Tran SD. Sulforaphane as a Promising Natural Molecule for Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:250-269. [PMID: 33877541 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenicity-inhibiting compounds have been identified in our daily diet. For example, isothiocyanates (ITCs) found in cruciferous vegetables were reported to have potent cancer-prevention activities. The best characterized ITC is sulforaphane (SF). SF can simultaneously modulate multiple cellular targets involved in carcinogenesis, including (1) modulating carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes and blocking the action of mutagens; (2) inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis; and (3) inhibition of neo-angiogenesis and metastasis. SF targets cancer stem cells through modulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Sonic hedgehog (SHH), epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Conventional chemotherapy/SF combination was tested in several studies and resulted in favorable outcomes. With its favorable toxicological profile, SF is a promising agent in cancer prevention and/or therapy. In this article, we discuss the human metabolism of SF and its effects on cancer prevention, treatment, and targeting cancer stem cells, as well as providing a brief review of recent human clinical trials on SF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Elkashty
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0G4, Canada.,Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0G4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Thermosonication for the Production of Sulforaphane Rich Broccoli Ingredients. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020321. [PMID: 33672547 PMCID: PMC7923798 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A large proportion of broccoli biomass is lost during primary production, distribution, processing, and consumption. This biomass is rich in polyphenols and glucosinolates and can be used for the production of bioactive rich ingredients for food and nutraceutical applications. This study evaluated thermosonication (TS) (18 kHz, 0.6 W/g, 40–60 °C, 3–7 min) for the pre-treatment of broccoli florets to enhance enzymatic conversion of glucoraphanin into the bioactive sulforaphane. TS significantly increased sulforaphane yield, despite a decrease in myrosinase activity with increasing treatment intensity. The highest sulforaphane yield of ~2.9 times that of untreated broccoli was observed for broccoli thermosonicated for 7 min at 60 °C, which was 15.8% higher than the corresponding yield for thermal processing without sonication (TP) at the same condition. This was accompanied by increase in the residual level of glucoraphanin (~1.8 and 2.3 time respectively after TP and TS at 60 °C for 7 min compared to control samples) indicating that treatment-induced release of bound glucoraphanin from the cell wall matrix and improved accessibility could be at least partially responsible for the enhanced sulforaphane yield. The result indicates the potential of TS for the conversion of broccoli biomass into high sulforaphane broccoli-based ingredients.
Collapse
|
32
|
Sood S, Jayachandiran R, Pandey S. Current Advancements and Novel Strategies in the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1534735421990078. [PMID: 33719631 PMCID: PMC8743966 DOI: 10.1177/1534735421990078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer in the world with a growing incidence in North America. Contemporary treatments for melanoma include surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, apart from resection in early melanoma, the prognosis of patients using these treatments is typically poor. In the past decade, there have been significant advancements in melanoma therapies. Immunotherapies such as ipilimumab and targeted therapies such as vemurafenib have emerged as a promising option for patients as seen in both scientific and clinical research. Furthermore, combination therapies are starting to be administered in the form of polychemotherapy, polyimmunotherapy, and biochemotherapy, of which some have shown promising outcomes in relative efficacy and safety due to their multiple targets. Alongside these treatments, new research has been conducted into the evidence-based use of natural health products (NHPs) and natural compounds (NCs) on melanoma which may provide a long-term and non-toxic form of complementary therapy. Nevertheless, there is a limited consolidation of the research conducted in emerging melanoma treatments which may be useful for researchers and clinicians. Thus, this review attempts to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of current advancements in metastatic melanoma treatment by surveying new research into the molecular and cellular basis of treatments along with their clinical efficacy. In addition, this review aims to elucidate novel strategies that are currently being used and have the potential to be used in the future.
Collapse
|
33
|
Mondal P, Natesh J, Penta D, Meeran SM. Progress and promises of epigenetic drugs and epigenetic diets in cancer prevention and therapy: A clinical update. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 83:503-522. [PMID: 33309850 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are heritable yet reversible, essential for normal physiological functions and biological development. Aberrant epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-mediated gene regulation play a crucial role in cancer progression. In cellular reprogramming, irregular epigenomic modulations alter cell signaling pathways and the expression of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, resulting in cancer growth and metastasis. Therefore, alteration of epigenetic-status in cancer cells can be used as a potential target for cancer therapy. Several synthetic epigenetic inhibitors (epi-drugs) and natural epigenetic modulatory bioactives (epi-diets) have been shown to have the potential to alter the aberrant epigenetic status and inhibit cancer progression. Further, the use of combinatorial approaches with epigenetic drugs and diets has brought promising outcomes in cancer prevention and therapy. In this article, we have summarized the epigenetic modulatory activities of epi-drugs, epi-diets, and their combination against various cancers. We have also compiled the preclinical and clinical status of these epigenetic modulators in different cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jagadish Natesh
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Dhanamjai Penta
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rutz J, Thaler S, Maxeiner S, Chun FKH, Blaheta RA. Sulforaphane Reduces Prostate Cancer Cell Growth and Proliferation In Vitro by Modulating the Cdk-Cyclin Axis and Expression of the CD44 Variants 4, 5, and 7. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228724. [PMID: 33218199 PMCID: PMC7699211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer patients whose tumors develop resistance to conventional treatment often turn to natural, plant-derived products, one of which is sulforaphane (SFN). This study was designed to determine whether anti-tumor properties of SFN, identified in other tumor entities, are also evident in cultivated DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells. The cells were incubated with SFN (1–20 µM) and tumor cell growth and proliferative activity were evaluated. Having found a considerable anti-growth, anti-proliferative, and anti-clonogenic influence of SFN on both prostate cancer cell lines, further investigation into possible mechanisms of action were performed by evaluating the cell cycle phases and cell-cycle-regulating proteins. SFN induced a cell cycle arrest at the S- and G2/M-phase in both DU145 and PC3 cells. Elevation of histone H3 and H4 acetylation was also evident in both cell lines following SFN exposure. However, alterations occurring in the Cdk-cyclin axis, modification of the p19 and p27 proteins and changes in CD44v4, v5, and v7 expression because of SFN exposure differed in the two cell lines. SFN, therefore, does exert anti-tumor properties on these two prostate cancer cell lines by histone acetylation and altering the intracellular signaling cascade, but not through the same molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang Y, Petrikova E, Gross W, Sticht C, Gretz N, Herr I, Karakhanova S. Sulforaphane Promotes Dendritic Cell Stimulatory Capacity Through Modulation of Regulatory Molecules, JAK/STAT3- and MicroRNA-Signaling. Front Immunol 2020; 11:589818. [PMID: 33193420 PMCID: PMC7661638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.589818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The broccoli isothiocyanate sulforaphane was shown to inhibit inflammation and tumor progression, also in pancreatic cancer, while its effect on tumor immunity is poorly understood. We investigated the immunoregulatory effect of sulforaphane on human dendritic cells alone and in presence of pancreatic tumor antigens, as well as underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods Sulforaphane-treated human dendritic cells were matured in vitro with a cytokine cocktail, and the expression of regulatory molecules was examined by flow cytometry. The subsequent T-cell response was analyzed by T-cell proliferation assay and CD25 expression. To confirm the findings, dendritic cells pulsed with pancreatic cancer-derived tumor antigens were used. To identify the involved pathway- and microRNA-signaling in sulforaphane-treated dendritic cells, inhibitors of various signaling pathways, western blot analysis, microRNA array, and bioinformatic analysis were applied. Results Sulforaphane modulated the expression of the costimulatory CD80, CD83 and the suppressive B7-H1 molecules on dendritic cells and thereby promoted activation of T cells. The effect was verified in presence of pancreatic tumor antigens. Phosphorylation of STAT3 in dendritic cells was diminished by sulforaphane, and the inhibition of JAK/STAT3 led to downregulation of B7-H1 expression. Among the identified top 100 significant microRNA candidates, the inhibition of miR-155-5p, important for the expression of costimulatory molecules, and the induction of miR-194-5p, targeting the B7-H1 gene, were induced by sulforaphane. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that sulforaphane promotes T-cell activation by dendritic cells through the modulation of regulatory molecules, JAK/STAT3- and microRNA-signaling in healthy conditions and in context of pancreatic cancer-derived antigens. They explore the immunoregulatory properties of sulforaphane and justify further research on nutritional strategies in the co-treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyi Wang
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery Group, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emilia Petrikova
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery Group, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Gross
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery Group, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ingrid Herr
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery Group, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svetlana Karakhanova
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery Group, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nandini DB, Rao RS, Deepak BS, Reddy PB. Sulforaphane in broccoli: The green chemoprevention!! Role in cancer prevention and therapy. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2020; 24:405. [PMID: 33456268 PMCID: PMC7802872 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_126_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Isothicyanates present in cruciferous vegetables are known to exhibit chemoprevention by various mechanisms. Presently, there is growing evidence that a phytochemical compound known as sulforaphane in these green leafy vegetables is found to be effective in preventing and treating various cancers such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, skin, urinary bladder and oral cancers. This component is naturally present in the broccoli sprouts, kale, cabbage, cauliflower and garden cress and is available as a commercial supplementary pill called Broccoli extract. Availability of many bioactive substances such as vitamins, polyphenols, sulfides, glucosinolates and antioxidants makes broccoli consumption important in daily diet regularly. Researchers have named it as "Green chemoprevention." It is easily affordable and more cost-effective than the traditional chemopreventive drugs. Results from the epidemiological and experimental studies have emphasized the role of sulforophane as a complementary or alternative chemopreventive agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D B Nandini
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Roopa S Rao
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M. S. Ramaiah Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B S Deepak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Praveen B Reddy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Maina S, Misinzo G, Bakari G, Kim HY. Human, Animal and Plant Health Benefits of Glucosinolates and Strategies for Enhanced Bioactivity: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E3682. [PMID: 32806771 PMCID: PMC7464879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSs) are common anionic plant secondary metabolites in the order Brassicales. Together with glucosinolate hydrolysis products (GSHPs), they have recently gained much attention due to their biological activities and mechanisms of action. We review herein the health benefits of GSs/GSHPs, approaches to improve the plant contents, their bioavailability and bioactivity. In this review, only literature published between 2010 and March 2020 was retrieved from various scientific databases. Findings indicate that these compounds (natural, pure, synthetic, and derivatives) play an important role in human/animal health (disease therapy and prevention), plant health (defense chemicals, biofumigants/biocides), and food industries (preservatives). Overall, much interest is focused on in vitro studies as anti-cancer and antimicrobial agents. GS/GSHP levels improvement in plants utilizes mostly biotic/abiotic stresses and short periods of phytohormone application. Their availability and bioactivity are directly proportional to their contents at the source, which is affected by methods of food preparation, processing, and extraction. This review concludes that, to a greater extent, there is a need to explore and improve GS-rich sources, which should be emphasized to obtain natural bioactive compounds/active ingredients that can be included among synthetic and commercial products for use in maintaining and promoting health. Furthermore, the development of advanced research on compounds pharmacokinetics, their molecular mode of action, genetics based on biosynthesis, their uses in promoting the health of living organisms is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Maina
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon 25451, Korea;
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania; (G.M.); (G.B.)
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania; (G.M.); (G.B.)
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania
| | - Gaymary Bakari
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania; (G.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon 25451, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yagishita Y, Gatbonton-Schwager TN, McCallum ML, Kensler TW. Current Landscape of NRF2 Biomarkers in Clinical Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080716. [PMID: 32784785 PMCID: PMC7464243 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2; encoded by NFE2L2) plays a critical role in the maintenance of cellular redox and metabolic homeostasis, as well as the regulation of inflammation and cellular detoxication pathways. The contribution of the NRF2 pathway to organismal homeostasis is seen in many studies using cell lines and animal models, raising intense attention towards targeting its clinical promise. Over the last three decades, an expanding number of clinical studies have examined NRF2 inducers targeting an ever-widening range of diseases. Full understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drug candidates rely partly on the identification, validation, and use of biomarkers to optimize clinical applications. This review focuses on results from clinical trials with four agents known to target NRF2 signaling in preclinical studies (dimethyl fumarate, bardoxolone methyl, oltipraz, and sulforaphane), and evaluates the successes and limitations of biomarkers focused on expression of NRF2 target genes and others, inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers, carcinogen metabolism and adduct biomarkers in unavoidably exposed populations, and targeted and untargeted metabolomics. While no biomarkers excel at defining pharmacodynamic actions in this setting, it is clear that these four lead clinical compounds do touch the NRF2 pathway in humans.
Collapse
|
39
|
MicroRNA-21-Enriched Exosomes as Epigenetic Regulators in Melanomagenesis and Melanoma Progression: The Impact of Western Lifestyle Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082111. [PMID: 32751207 PMCID: PMC7464294 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA mutation-induced activation of RAS-BRAF-MEK-ERK signaling associated with intermittent or chronic ultraviolet (UV) irradiation cannot exclusively explain the excessive increase of malignant melanoma (MM) incidence since the 1950s. Malignant conversion of a melanocyte to an MM cell and metastatic MM is associated with a steady increase in microRNA-21 (miR-21). At the epigenetic level, miR-21 inhibits key tumor suppressors of the RAS-BRAF signaling pathway enhancing proliferation and MM progression. Increased MM cell levels of miR-21 either result from endogenous upregulation of melanocytic miR-21 expression or by uptake of miR-21-enriched exogenous exosomes. Based on epidemiological data and translational evidence, this review provides deeper insights into environmentally and metabolically induced exosomal miR-21 trafficking beyond UV-irradiation in melanomagenesis and MM progression. Sources of miR-21-enriched exosomes include UV-irradiated keratinocytes, adipocyte-derived exosomes in obesity, airway epithelium-derived exosomes generated by smoking and pollution, diet-related exosomes and inflammation-induced exosomes, which may synergistically increase the exosomal miR-21 burden of the melanocyte, the transformed MM cell and its tumor environment. Several therapeutic agents that suppress MM cell growth and proliferation attenuate miR-21 expression. These include miR-21 antagonists, metformin, kinase inhibitors, beta-blockers, vitamin D, and plant-derived bioactive compounds, which may represent new options for the prevention and treatment of MM.
Collapse
|
40
|
Zinovkin RA, Grebenchikov OA. Transcription Factor Nrf2 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Prevention of Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2020; 85:833-837. [PMID: 33040727 PMCID: PMC7356136 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920070111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2 is a key transcription factor responsible for antioxidant defense in many tissues and cells, including alveolar epithelium, endothelium, and macrophages. Furthermore, Nrf2 functions as a transcriptional repressor that inhibits expression of the inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection often present signs of high oxidative stress and systemic inflammation - the leading causes of mortality. This article suggests rationale for the use of Nrf2 inducers to prevent development of an excessive inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Zinovkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - O A Grebenchikov
- Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 107031, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Qian Y, Markowitz JS. Natural Products as Modulators of CES1 Activity. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:993-1007. [PMID: 32591414 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterase (CES) 1 is the predominant esterase expressed in the human liver and is capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of a wide range of therapeutic agents, toxins, and endogenous compounds. Accumulating studies have demonstrated associations between the expression and activity of CES1 and the pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of CES1 substrate medications (e.g., methylphenidate, clopidogrel, oseltamivir). Therefore, any perturbation of CES1 by coingested xenobiotics could potentially compromise treatment. Natural products are known to alter drug disposition by modulating cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes, but this issue is less thoroughly explored with CES1. We report the results of a systematic literature search and discuss natural products as potential modulators of CES1 activity. The majority of research reports reviewed were in vitro investigations that require further confirmation through clinical study. Cannabis products (Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabinol); supplements from various plant sources containing naringenin, quercetin, luteolin, oleanolic acid, and asiatic acid; and certain traditional medicines (danshen and zhizhuwan) appear to pose the highest inhibition potential. In addition, ursolic acid, gambogic acid, and glycyrrhetic acid, if delivered intravenously, may attain high enough systemic concentrations to significantly inhibit CES1. The provision of a translational interpretation of in vitro assessments of natural product actions and interactions is limited by the dearth of basic pharmacokinetic data of the natural compounds exhibiting potent in vitro influences on CES1 activity. This is a major impediment to assigning even potential clinical significance. The modulatory effects on CES1 expression after chronic exposure to natural products warrants further investigation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Modulation of CES1 activity by natural products may alter the course of treatment and clinical outcome. In this review, we have summarized the natural products that can potentially interact with CES1 substrate medications. We have also noted the limitations of existing reports and outlined challenges and future directions in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Qian
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John S Markowitz
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chronic Sulforaphane Administration Inhibits Resistance to the mTOR-Inhibitor Everolimus in Bladder Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114026. [PMID: 32512849 PMCID: PMC7312500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive bladder cancer growth is associated with abnormal activation of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, but treatment with an mTOR inhibitor has not been as effective as expected. Rather, resistance develops under chronic drug use, prompting many patients to lower their relapse risk by turning to natural, plant-derived products. The present study was designed to evaluate whether the natural compound, sulforaphane (SFN), combined with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus, could block the growth and proliferation of bladder cancer cells in the short- and long-term. The bladder cancer cell lines RT112, UMUC3, and TCCSUP were exposed short- (24 h) or long-term (8 weeks) to everolimus (0.5 nM) or SFN (2.5 µM) alone or in combination. Cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and cell cycle regulating proteins were evaluated. siRNA blockade was used to investigate the functional impact of the proteins. Short-term application of SFN and/or everolimus resulted in significant tumor growth suppression, with additive inhibition on clonogenic tumor growth. Long-term everolimus treatment resulted in resistance development characterized by continued growth, and was associated with elevated Akt-mTOR signaling and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)1 phosphorylation and down-regulation of p19 and p27. In contrast, SFN alone or SFN+everolimus reduced cell growth and proliferation. Akt and Rictor signaling remained low, and p19 and p27 expressions were high under combined drug treatment. Long-term exposure to SFN+everolimus also induced acetylation of the H3 and H4 histones. Phosphorylation of CDK1 was diminished, whereby down-regulation of CDK1 and its binding partner, Cyclin B, inhibited tumor growth. In conclusion, the addition of SFN to the long-term everolimus application inhibits resistance development in bladder cancer cells in vitro. Therefore, sulforaphane may hold potential for treating bladder carcinoma in patients with resistance to an mTOR inhibitor.
Collapse
|
43
|
Lozanovski VJ, Polychronidis G, Gross W, Gharabaghi N, Mehrabi A, Hackert T, Schemmer P, Herr I. Broccoli sprout supplementation in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer is difficult despite positive effects-results from the POUDER pilot study. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:776-784. [PMID: 31250356 PMCID: PMC7211206 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a highly aggressive malignancy with short survival and limited therapeutic options. Broccoli sulforaphane is a promising new treatment due to the results of recent epidemiological, experimental and patient studies. Upon approval from the ethics committee and registration at ClinicalTrials.gov, 40 patients with palliative chemotherapy were placed into a placebo and treatment group in an unblinded fashion. Fifteen capsules with pulverized broccoli sprouts containing 90 mg/508 μmol sulforaphane and 180 mg/411 μmol glucoraphanin or methylcellulose were administered daily for up to 1 year. Twenty-nine patients were included in the treatment group and 11 patients were in the placebo group; these patients were followed for up to 1 year. The patient characteristics, overall survival and feasibility were assessed. Compared to those of the placebo group, the mean death rate was lower in the treatment group during the first 6 months after intake (day 30: 0%/18%, day 90: 0%/25%, and day 180: 25%/43%), and Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a higher survival rate. There was a high drop-out rate (72% in the treatment group and 55% in the placebo group) after 1 year. We concluded from the Karnofsky index that the broccoli sprouts did not impact patient's self-care and overall abilities severely. The intake of 15 capsules daily was difficult for some patients, and the broccoli sprouts sometimes increased digestive problems, nausea and emesis. We did not obtain statistically significant results (p = 0.291 for the endpoint at day 180), but the knowledge about the feasibility is the basis for the development of new sulforaphane drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir J Lozanovski
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georgios Polychronidis
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Gross
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Section of Surgical Research, Department of General, Visceral & Transplant Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 365, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Negin Gharabaghi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schemmer
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ingrid Herr
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Section of Surgical Research, Department of General, Visceral & Transplant Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 365, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Singh KB, Hahm ER, Alumkal JJ, Foley LM, Hitchens TK, Shiva SS, Parikh RA, Jacobs BL, Singh SV. Reversal of the Warburg phenomenon in chemoprevention of prostate cancer by sulforaphane. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:1545-1556. [PMID: 31555797 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of metabolic re-programming represents an attractive approach for prevention of prostate cancer. Studies have implicated increased synthesis of fatty acids or glycolysis in pathogenesis of human prostate cancers. We have shown previously that prostate cancer prevention by sulforaphane (SFN) in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model is associated with inhibition of fatty acid metabolism. This study utilized human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, 22Rv1 and PC-3), two different transgenic mouse models (TRAMP and Hi-Myc) and plasma specimens from a clinical study to explore the glycolysis inhibition potential of SFN. We found that SFN treatment: (i) decreased real-time extracellular acidification rate in LNCaP, but not in PC-3 cell line; (ii) significantly downregulated expression of hexokinase II (HKII), pyruvate kinase M2 and/or lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in vitro in cells and in vivo in neoplastic lesions in the prostate of TRAMP and Hi-Myc mice; and (iii) significantly suppressed glycolysis in prostate of Hi-Myc mice as measured by ex vivo1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. SFN treatment did not decrease glucose uptake or expression of glucose transporters in cells. Overexpression of c-Myc, but not constitutively active Akt, conferred protection against SFN-mediated downregulation of HKII and LDHA protein expression and suppression of lactate levels. Examination of plasma lactate levels in prostate cancer patients following administration of an SFN-rich broccoli sprout extract failed to show declines in its levels. Additional clinical trials are needed to determine whether SFN treatment can decrease lactate production in human prostate tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna B Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joshi J Alumkal
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - T Kevin Hitchens
- Animal Imaging Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sruti S Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rahul A Parikh
- Department of Oncology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Shivendra V Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rai R, Gong Essel K, Mangiaracina Benbrook D, Garland J, Daniel Zhao Y, Chandra V. Preclinical Efficacy and Involvement of AKT, mTOR, and ERK Kinases in the Mechanism of Sulforaphane against Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1273. [PMID: 32443471 PMCID: PMC7281543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane exerts anti-cancer activity against multiple cancer types. Our objective was to evaluate utility of sulforaphane for endometrial cancer therapy. Sulforaphane reduced viability of endometrial cancer cell lines in association with the G2/M cell cycle arrest and cell division cycle protein 2 (Cdc2) phosphorylation, and intrinsic apoptosis. Inhibition of anchorage-independent growth, invasion, and migration of the cell lines was associated with sulforaphane-induced alterations in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers of increased E-cadherin and decreased N-cadherin and vimentin expression. Proteomic analysis identified alterations in AKT, mTOR, and ERK kinases in the networks of sulforaphane effects in the Ishikawa endometrial cancer cell line. Western blots confirmed sulforaphane inhibition of AKT, mTOR, and induction of ERK with alterations in downstream signaling. AKT and mTOR inhibitors reduced endometrial cancer cell line viability and prevented further reduction by sulforaphane. Accumulation of nuclear phosphorylated ERK was associated with reduced sensitivity to the ERK inhibitor and its interference with sulforaphane activity. Sulforaphane induced apoptosis-associated growth inhibition of Ishikawa xenograft tumors to a greater extent than paclitaxel, with no evidence of toxicity. These results verify sulforaphane's potential as a non-toxic treatment candidate for endometrial cancer and identify AKT, mTOR, and ERK kinases in the mechanism of action with interference in the mechanism by nuclear phosphorylated ERK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Rai
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.R.); (D.M.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Kathleen Gong Essel
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Doris Mangiaracina Benbrook
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.R.); (D.M.B.); (J.G.)
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Justin Garland
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.R.); (D.M.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Yan Daniel Zhao
- Biostatistics & Epidemiology, College of Public Health University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Vishal Chandra
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.R.); (D.M.B.); (J.G.)
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sauter ER. Cancer prevention and treatment using combination therapy with natural compounds. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:265-285. [PMID: 32154753 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1738218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Naturally occurring compounds play an essential role in the prevention and treatment of various cancers. There are more than 100 plant and animal based natural compounds currently in clinical use.Areas covered: 1) The importance of natural products combinations in the prevention and treatment of cancer, 2) the need to maximize efficacy while minimizing side effects when using natural product combinations, and 3) specifics related to plant and animal derived natural products, as well as agents derived from natural products. Therapies using natural compounds that have been investigated, their rationale, mechanism of action and findings are reviewed. When the data warrant it, combined interventions that appear to increase efficacy (compared with monotherapy) while minimizing toxicity have been highlighted. Pubmed was used to search for relevant publications.Expert opinion: Combination therapy with natural compounds has the potential to be more effective than single agent therapy. Similar to pharmacologic agents, the goal is to maximize efficacy while mimimizing potential side effects. There is an increasing research focus on the development of agents derived from natural products, with notable successes already achieved from the effort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward R Sauter
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Quirante-Moya S, García-Ibañez P, Quirante-Moya F, Villaño D, Moreno DA. The Role of Brassica Bioactives on Human Health: Are We Studying It the Right Way? Molecules 2020; 25:E1591. [PMID: 32235638 PMCID: PMC7180841 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica vegetables and their components, the glucosinolates, have been suggested as good candidates as dietary coadjutants to improve health in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Different preclinical and clinical studies have been performed in the last decade; however, some concerns have been posed on the lack of established and standardized protocols. The different concentration of bioactive compounds used, time of intervention or sample size, and the lack of blinding are some factors that may influence the studies' outcomes. This review aims to analyze the critical points of the studies performed with Brassica-related biomolecules and propose some bases for future trials in order to avoid biases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Quirante-Moya
- Centro de Salud Callosa del Segura, Paseo Enrique Tierno Galvan, 19, E-03360 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Paula García-Ibañez
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition. Aquaporins Group, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.G.-I.); (F.Q.-M.)
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Food Science and Technology, Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Campus de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Quirante-Moya
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition. Aquaporins Group, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.G.-I.); (F.Q.-M.)
| | - Débora Villaño
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Universidad Católica de San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, E-30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain;
| | - Diego A. Moreno
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Food Science and Technology, Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Campus de Espinardo-25, E-30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pore SK, Hahm ER, Kim SH, Singh KB, Nyiranshuti L, Latoche JD, Anderson CJ, Adamik J, Galson DL, Weiss KR, Watters RJ, Lee B, Kumta PN, Singh SV. A Novel Sulforaphane-Regulated Gene Network in Suppression of Breast Cancer-Induced Osteolytic Bone Resorption. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:420-431. [PMID: 31784454 PMCID: PMC7007818 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone is the most preferred site for colonization of metastatic breast cancer cells for each subtype of the disease. The standard of therapeutic care for breast cancer patients with bone metastasis includes bisphosphonates (e.g., zoledronic acid), which have poor oral bioavailability, and a humanized antibody (denosumab). However, these therapies are palliative, and a subset of patients still develop new bone lesions and/or experience serious adverse effects. Therefore, a safe and orally bioavailable intervention for therapy of osteolytic bone resorption is still a clinically unmet need. This study demonstrates suppression of breast cancer-induced bone resorption by a small molecule (sulforaphane, SFN) that is safe clinically and orally bioavailable. In vitro osteoclast differentiation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner upon addition of conditioned media from SFN-treated breast cancer cells representative of different subtypes. Targeted microarrays coupled with interrogation of The Cancer Genome Atlas data set revealed a novel SFN-regulated gene signature involving cross-regulation of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and nuclear factor-κB and their downstream effectors. Both RUNX2 and p65/p50 expression were higher in human breast cancer tissues compared with normal mammary tissues. RUNX2 was recruited at the promotor of NFKB1 Inhibition of osteoclast differentiation by SFN was augmented by doxycycline-inducible stable knockdown of RUNX2. Oral SFN administration significantly increased the percentage of bone volume/total volume of affected bones in the intracardiac MDA-MB-231-Luc model indicating in vivo suppression of osteolytic bone resorption by SFN. These results indicate that SFN is a novel inhibitor of breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone resorption in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata K Pore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Su-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Krishna B Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lea Nyiranshuti
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph D Latoche
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Juraj Adamik
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Deborah L Galson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kurt R Weiss
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca J Watters
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Boeun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Prashant N Kumta
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shivendra V Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yagishita Y, Fahey JW, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Kensler TW. Broccoli or Sulforaphane: Is It the Source or Dose That Matters? Molecules 2019; 24:E3593. [PMID: 31590459 PMCID: PMC6804255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is robust epidemiological evidence for the beneficial effects of broccoli consumption on health, many of them clearly mediated by the isothiocyanate sulforaphane. Present in the plant as its precursor, glucoraphanin, sulforaphane is formed through the actions of myrosinase, a β-thioglucosidase present in either the plant tissue or the mammalian microbiome. Since first isolated from broccoli and demonstrated to have cancer chemoprotective properties in rats in the early 1990s, over 3000 publications have described its efficacy in rodent disease models, underlying mechanisms of action or, to date, over 50 clinical trials examining pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and disease mitigation. This review evaluates the current state of knowledge regarding the relationships between formulation (e.g., plants, sprouts, beverages, supplements), bioavailability and efficacy, and the doses of glucoraphanin and/or sulforaphane that have been used in pre-clinical and clinical studies. We pay special attention to the challenges for better integration of animal model and clinical studies, particularly with regard to selection of dose and route of administration. More effort is required to elucidate underlying mechanisms of action and to develop and validate biomarkers of pharmacodynamic action in humans. A sobering lesson is that changes in approach will be required to implement a public health paradigm for dispensing benefit across all spectrums of the global population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yagishita
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Jed W Fahey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Unraveling the molecular mechanisms and the potential chemopreventive/therapeutic properties of natural compounds in melanoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:266-282. [PMID: 31233829 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most fatal form of skin cancer. Current therapeutic approaches include surgical resection, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. However, these treatment strategies are associated with development of drug resistance and severe side effects. In recent years, natural compounds have also been extensively studied for their anti-melanoma effects, including tumor growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, angiogenesis and metastasis suppression and cancer stem cell elimination. Moreover, a considerable number of studies reported the synergistic activity of phytochemicals and standard anti-melanoma agents, as well as the enhanced effectiveness of their synthetic derivatives and novel formulations. However, clinical data confirming these promising effects in patients are still scanty. This review emphasizes the anti-tumor mechanisms and potential application of the most studied natural products for melanoma prevention and treatment.
Collapse
|