1
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Serniuck NJ, Kapcan E, Moogk D, Moore AE, Lake BP, Denisova G, Hammill JA, Bramson JL, Rullo AF. Electrophilic proximity-inducing synthetic adapters enhance universal T cell function by covalently enforcing immune receptor signaling. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200842. [PMID: 39045028 PMCID: PMC11264187 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Proximity-induction of cell-cell interactions via small molecules represents an emerging field in basic and translational sciences. Covalent anchoring of these small molecules represents a useful chemical strategy to enforce proximity; however, it remains largely unexplored for driving cell-cell interactions. In immunotherapeutic applications, bifunctional small molecules are attractive tools for inducing proximity between immune effector cells like T cells and tumor cells to induce tumoricidal function. We describe a two-component system composed of electrophilic bifunctional small molecules and paired synthetic antigen receptors (SARs) that elicit T cell activation. The molecules, termed covalent immune recruiters (CIRs), were designed to affinity label and covalently engage SARs. We evaluated the utility of CIRs to direct anti-tumor function of human T cells engineered with three biologically distinct classes of SAR. Irrespective of the electrophilic chemistry, tumor-targeting moiety, or SAR design, CIRs outperformed equivalent non-covalent bifunctional adapters, establishing a key role for covalency in maximizing functionality. We determined that covalent linkage enforced early T cell activation events in a manner that was dependent upon each SARs biology and signaling threshold. These results provide a platform to optimize universal SAR-T cell functionality and more broadly reveal new insights into how covalent adapters modulate cell-cell proximity-induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas J. Serniuck
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eden Kapcan
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Duane Moogk
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Allyson E. Moore
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin P.M. Lake
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Galina Denisova
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joanne A. Hammill
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan L. Bramson
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony F. Rullo
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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2
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De Munter S, Buhl JL, De Cock L, Van Parys A, Daneels W, Pascal E, Deseins L, Ingels J, Goetgeluk G, Jansen H, Billiet L, Pille M, Van Duyse J, Bonte S, Vandamme N, Van Dorpe J, Offner F, Leclercq G, Taghon T, Depla E, Tavernier J, Kerre T, Drost J, Vandekerckhove B. Knocking Out CD70 Rescues CD70-Specific NanoCAR T Cells from Antigen-Induced Exhaustion. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:1236-1251. [PMID: 38874582 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
CD70 is an attractive target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for the treatment of both solid and liquid malignancies. However, the functionality of CD70-specific CAR T cells is modest. We optimized a CD70-specific VHH-based CAR (nanoCAR). We evaluated the nanoCARs in clinically relevant models in vitro, using co-cultures of CD70-specific nanoCAR T cells with malignant rhabdoid tumor organoids, and in vivo, using a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Although the nanoCAR T cells were highly efficient in organoid co-cultures, they showed only modest efficacy in the PDX model. We determined that fratricide was not causing this loss in efficacy but rather CD70 interaction in cis with the nanoCAR-induced exhaustion. Knocking out CD70 in nanoCAR T cells using CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in dramatically enhanced functionality in the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma PDX model. Through single-cell transcriptomics, we obtained evidence that CD70 knockout CD70-specific nanoCAR T cells were protected from antigen-induced exhaustion. In addition, we demonstrated that wild-type CD70-specific nanoCAR T cells already exhibited signs of exhaustion shortly after production. Their gene signature strongly overlapped with gene signatures of exhausted CAR T cells. Conversely, the gene signature of knockout CD70-specific nanoCAR T cells overlapped with the gene signature of CAR T-cell infusion products leading to complete responses in chronic lymphatic leukemia patients. Our data show that CARs targeting endogenous T-cell antigens negatively affect CAR T-cell functionality by inducing an exhausted state, which can be overcome by knocking out the specific target.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- CD27 Ligand
- Animals
- Mice
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Cell Line, Tumor
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn De Munter
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juliane L Buhl
- Princess Máxima Center and Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Laurenz De Cock
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Willem Daneels
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Pascal
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucas Deseins
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joline Ingels
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Glenn Goetgeluk
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanne Jansen
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lore Billiet
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Melissa Pille
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Van Duyse
- VIB Flow Core, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Bonte
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jo Van Dorpe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fritz Offner
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georges Leclercq
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Taghon
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Tessa Kerre
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jarno Drost
- Princess Máxima Center and Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- GMP Unit cell Therapy, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Qin S, He G, Yang J. Nanomaterial combined engineered bacteria for intelligent tumor immunotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39225508 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00741g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of human death worldwide. Compared to traditional therapies, tumor immunotherapy has received a lot of attention and research focus due to its potential to activate both innate and adaptive immunity, low toxicity to normal tissue, and long-term immune activity. However, its clinical effectiveness and large-scale application are limited due to the immunosuppression microenvironment, lack of spatiotemporal control, expensive cost, and long manufacturing time. Recently, nanomaterial combined engineered bacteria have emerged as a promising solution to the challenges of tumor immunotherapy, which offers spatiotemporal control, reversal of immunosuppression, and scalable production. Therefore, we summarize the latest research on nanomaterial-assisted engineered bacteria for precise tumor immunotherapies, including the cross-talk of nanomaterials and bacteria as well as their application in different immunotherapies. In addition, we further discuss the advantages and challenges of nanomaterial-engineered bacteria and their future prospects, inspiring more novel and intelligent tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Qin
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guanzhong He
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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4
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Klampatsa A. Overcoming efficiency limitations of CAR-T cell therapy in antigen-heterogeneous solid tumors. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024:1-3. [PMID: 39210780 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2399141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Astero Klampatsa
- Thoracic Oncology Immunotherapy Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, London, UK
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5
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Schett G, Müller F, Taubmann J, Mackensen A, Wang W, Furie RA, Gold R, Haghikia A, Merkel PA, Caricchio R, D'Agostino MA, Locatelli F, June CH, Mougiakakos D. Advancements and challenges in CAR T cell therapy in autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:531-544. [PMID: 39107407 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are highly effective at targeting and eliminating cells of the B cell lineage. CAR T cell therapy has become a standard-of-care treatment for patients with relapsed or refractory B cell malignancies. In addition, the administration of genetically modified T cells with the capacity to deplete B cells and/or plasma cells has tremendous therapeutic potential in autoimmune diseases. In the past few years, CD19-based and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-based CAR T cell therapies have been applied to various B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, systemic sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, myasthenia gravis and multiple sclerosis. The scientific rationale behind this approach is that deep depletion of B cells, including autoreactive B cell clones, could restore normal immune function, referred to as an immune reset. In this Review, we discuss important aspects of CAR T cell therapy in autoimmune disease, including considerations relating to patient selection, safety, efficacy and medical management. These considerations are based on the early experiences of CAR T cell therapy in autoimmune diseases, and as the field of CAR T cell therapy in autoimmune diseases continues to rapidly evolve, these issues will remain subject to ongoing refinement and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Müller
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jule Taubmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rich A Furie
- Department of Rheumatology, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, NJ, USA
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Aiden Haghikia
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter A Merkel
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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6
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Wellhausen N, Baek J, Gill SI, June CH. Enhancing cellular immunotherapies in cancer by engineering selective therapeutic resistance. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:614-628. [PMID: 39048767 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapies engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or transgenic T cell receptors (TCRs) to recognize and eliminate cancer cells have emerged as a promising approach for achieving long-term remissions in patients with cancer. To be effective, the engineered cells must persist at therapeutically relevant levels while avoiding off-tumour toxicities, which has been challenging to realize outside of B cell and plasma cell malignancies. This Review discusses concepts to enhance the efficacy, safety and accessibility of cellular immunotherapies by endowing cells with selective resistance to small-molecule drugs or antibody-based therapies to facilitate combination therapies with substances that would otherwise interfere with the functionality of the effector cells. We further explore the utility of engineering healthy haematopoietic stem cells to confer resistance to antigen-directed immunotherapies and small-molecule targeted therapies to expand the therapeutic index of said targeted anticancer agents as well as to facilitate in vivo selection of gene-edited haematopoietic stem cells for non-malignant applications. Lastly, we discuss approaches to evade immune rejection, which may be required in the setting of allogeneic cell therapies. Increasing confidence in the tools and outcomes of genetically modified cell therapy now paves the way for rational combinations that will open new therapeutic horizons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Wellhausen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joanne Baek
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Saar I Gill
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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7
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Xia X, Yang Z, Lu Q, Liu Z, Wang L, Du J, Li Y, Yang DH, Wu S. Reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment to improve CAR-T cell-based cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:175. [PMID: 39187850 PMCID: PMC11346058 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In many hematologic malignancies, the adoptive transfer of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has demonstrated notable success; nevertheless, further improvements are necessary to optimize treatment efficacy. Current CAR-T therapies are particularly discouraging for solid tumor treatment. The immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumors affects CAR-T cells, limiting the treatment's effectiveness and safety. Therefore, enhancing CAR-T cell infiltration capacity and resolving the immunosuppressive responses within the tumor microenvironment could boost the anti-tumor effect. Specific strategies include structurally altering CAR-T cells combined with targeted therapy, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. Overall, monitoring the tumor microenvironment and the status of CAR-T cells is beneficial in further investigating the viability of such strategies and advancing CAR-T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Xia
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Zongxin Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Qisi Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Foresea Life Insurance Guangzhou General Hospital, Guangzhou, 511300, China
| | - Zhenyun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Jinwen Du
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- New York College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA.
| | - Shaojie Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
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8
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Torabi A, Love J, Hyun T, Pham A, Gauthier J, Hirayama A, Wu D, Naresh K. Complete loss of lineage defining antigens in two cases of B-cell malignancies following CAR-T therapy. J Hematop 2024:10.1007/s12308-024-00602-w. [PMID: 39186243 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-024-00602-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted immunotherapy is a promising approach in treating high-risk and refractory/relapsed lymphoid malignancies. Although this strategy has shown a significant success in treating non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas and plasma cell myeloma, relapse with loss of targeted antigen can occur. Rarely, complete loss of multiple lineage specific markers can happen. We are describing 2 cases of B-cell neoplasms along with contributing immunohistochemistry, cytogenetic, and molecular results. Post-targeted CAR-T therapy, both cases, one aggressive B-cell lymphoma and the other plasma cell myeloma, lost B-cell, and plasma cell antigens, respectively. Complete loss of lineage specific markers post-targeted therapy is a rare event that makes the diagnosis of the relapsed neoplasm challenging. In this article, we also reviewed the literature and highlighted possible mechanisms of antigen loss following targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Torabi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357110, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Jason Love
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357110, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Teresa Hyun
- Department of Hematopathology, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angie Pham
- Cellnetix Pathology Group, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jordan Gauthier
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexandre Hirayama
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357110, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kikkeri Naresh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357110, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Hematopathology, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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9
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Pabst T, Bacher U. Boosting CAR T cells against lymphomas. Blood 2024; 144:689-691. [PMID: 39145947 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2024025378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
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10
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Brinkmann BJ, Floerchinger A, Schniederjohann C, Roider T, Coelho M, Mack N, Bruch PM, Liebers N, Dötsch S, Busch DH, Schmitt M, Neumann F, Roessner PM, Seiffert M, Dietrich S. CD20-bispecific antibodies improve response to CD19-CAR T cells in lymphoma in vitro and CLL in vivo models. Blood 2024; 144:784-789. [PMID: 38805637 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Relapse after anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CD19-CAR) occurs in a substantial proportion of patients with lymphoid malignancies. We assessed the potential benefits of co-administering CD20-targeting bispecific antibodies (CD20-BsAbs) with CD19-CAR T cells with the aim of enhancing immunotherapeutic efficacy. Addition of CD20-BsAbs to cocultures of CD19-CARs and primary samples of B-cell malignancies, comprising malignant B cells and endogenous T cells, significantly improved killing of malignant cells and enhanced the expansion of both endogenous T cells and CD19-CAR T cells. In an immunocompetent mouse model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, relapse after initial treatment response frequently occurred after CD19-CAR T-cell monotherapy. Additional treatment with CD20-BsAbs significantly enhanced the treatment response and led to improved eradication of malignant cells. Higher efficacy was accompanied by improved T-cell expansion with CD20-BsAb administration and led to longer survival with 80% of the mice being cured with no detectable malignant cell population within 8 weeks of therapy initiation. Collectively, our in vitro and in vivo data demonstrate enhanced therapeutic efficacy of CD19-CAR T cells when combined with CD20-BsAbs in B-cell malignancies. Activation and proliferation of both infused CAR T cells and endogenous T cells may contribute to improved disease control.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Humans
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/therapeutic use
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit J Brinkmann
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- Genome Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Floerchinger
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Schniederjohann
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Roider
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- Genome Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariana Coelho
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norman Mack
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter-Martin Bruch
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nora Liebers
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Dötsch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center/National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Neumann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Martina Seiffert
- Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sascha Dietrich
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- Genome Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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11
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Ruixin S, Yifan L, Yansha S, Min Z, Yiwei D, Xiaoli H, Bizhi S, Hua J, Zonghai L. Dual targeting chimeric antigen receptor cells enhance antitumour activity by overcoming T cell exhaustion in pancreatic cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 39129178 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although our previous data indicated that claudin 18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells displayed remarkable clinical efficacy in CLDN18.2-positive gastric cancer, their efficacy is limited in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The tumour microenvironment (TME) is one of the main obstacles to the efficacy of CAR-T and remodelling the TME may be a possible way to overcome this obstacle. The TME of PDAC is characterized by abundant cancer-related fibroblasts (CAFs), which hinder the infiltration and function of CLDN18.2-targeted CAR-T cells. The expression of fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) is an important feature of active CAFs, providing potential targets for eliminating CAFs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In this study, we generated 10 FAP/CLDN 18.2 dual-targeted CAR-T cells and evaluated their anti-tumour ability in vitro and in vivo. KEY RESULTS Compared with conventional CAR-T cells, some dual-targeted CAR-T cells showed improved therapeutic effects in mouse pancreatic cancers. Further, dual-targeted CAR-T cells with better anti-tumour effect could suppress the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to improve the immunosuppressive TME, which contributes to the survival of CD8+ T cells. Moreover, dual-targeted CAR-T cells reduced the exhaustion of T cells in transforming TGF-β dependent manner. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The dual-targeted CAR-T cells obtained enhancement of T effector function, inhibition of T cell exhaustion, and improvement of tumour microenvironment. Our findings provide a theoretical rationale for dual-targeted FAP/CLDN 18.2 CAR-T cells therapy in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ruixin
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yifan
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun Yansha
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Min
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Yiwei
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Xiaoli
- CARsgen Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Bizhi
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- CARsgen Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- CARsgen Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zonghai
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- CARsgen Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
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12
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Wang L, Fang C, Kang Q, Huang W, Chen Z, Zhao W, Wang L, Wang Y, Tan K, Guo X, Xu Y, Wang S, Wang L, Qiao J, Tang Z, Yu C, Xu Y, Li Y, Yu L. Bispecific CAR-T cells targeting CD19/20 in patients with relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a phase I/II trial. Blood Cancer J 2024; 14:130. [PMID: 39112452 PMCID: PMC11306243 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-024-01105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a common malignancy in the hematologic system, and traditional therapy has limited efficacy for people with recurrent/refractory NHL (R/R NHL), especially for patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a novel and effective immunotherapy strategy for R/R hematopoietic malignancies, but relapses can occur due to the loss of CAR-T cells in vivo or the loss of antigen. One strategy to avoid antigen loss after CAR-T cell therapy is to target one more antigen simultaneously. Tandem CAR targeting CD19 and CD22 has demonstrated the reliability of tandem CAR-T cell therapy for R/R B-ALL. This study explores the therapeutic potential of tandem CD19/20 CAR-T in the treatment of R/R B cell NHL. The efficacy and safety of autologous CD19/20 CAR-T cells in eleven R/R B cell NHL adult patients were evaluated in an open-label, single-arm trial. Most patients achieved complete response, exhibiting the efficacy and safety of tandem CD19/20 CAR-T cells. The TCR repertoire diversity of CAR-T cells decreased after infusion. The expanded TCR clones in vivo were mainly derived from TCR clones that had increased expression of genes associated with immune-related signaling pathways from the infusion product (IP). The kinetics of CAR-T cells in vivo were linked to an increase in the expression of genes related to immune response and cytolysis/cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan AVE 1098, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Shenzhen University-Haoshi Cell Therapy Institute, 155 Hong Tian Road, Bao An District, Shenzhen, 518125, China
| | - Chuling Fang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan AVE 1098, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Qingzheng Kang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan AVE 1098, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Wenfa Huang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan AVE 1098, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Ziren Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan AVE 1098, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan AVE 1098, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan AVE 1098, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan AVE 1098, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Kun Tan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan AVE 1098, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan AVE 1098, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan AVE 1098, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan AVE 1098, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan AVE 1098, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jingqiao Qiao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan AVE 1098, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Zhixiong Tang
- Shenzhen University-Haoshi Cell Therapy Institute, 155 Hong Tian Road, Bao An District, Shenzhen, 518125, China
- Shenzhen Haoshi Biotechnology Co, Ltd, 155 Hong Tian Road, Bao An District, Shenzhen, 518125, China
| | - Chuan Yu
- Shenzhen University-Haoshi Cell Therapy Institute, 155 Hong Tian Road, Bao An District, Shenzhen, 518125, China
- Shenzhen Haoshi Biotechnology Co, Ltd, 155 Hong Tian Road, Bao An District, Shenzhen, 518125, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yisheng Li
- Shenzhen University-Haoshi Cell Therapy Institute, 155 Hong Tian Road, Bao An District, Shenzhen, 518125, China.
- Shenzhen Haoshi Biotechnology Co, Ltd, 155 Hong Tian Road, Bao An District, Shenzhen, 518125, China.
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan AVE 1098, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
- Shenzhen University-Haoshi Cell Therapy Institute, 155 Hong Tian Road, Bao An District, Shenzhen, 518125, China.
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13
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Mohammad Taheri M, Javan F, Poudineh M, Athari SS. Beyond CAR-T: The rise of CAR-NK cell therapy in asthma immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:736. [PMID: 39103889 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma poses a major public health burden. While existing asthma drugs manage symptoms for many, some patients remain resistant. The lack of a cure, especially for severe asthma, compels exploration of novel therapies. Cancer immunotherapy successes with CAR-T cells suggest its potential for asthma treatment. Researchers are exploring various approaches for allergic diseases including membrane-bound IgE, IL-5, PD-L2, and CTLA-4 for asthma, and Dectin-1 for fungal asthma. NK cells offer several advantages over T cells for CAR-based immunotherapy. They offer key benefits: (1) HLA compatibility, meaning they can be used in a wider range of patients without the need for matching tissue types. (2) Minimal side effects (CRS and GVHD) due to their limited persistence and cytokine profile. (3) Scalability for "off-the-shelf" production from various sources. Several strategies have been introduced that highlight the superiority and challenges of CAR-NK cell therapy for asthma treatment including IL-10, IFN-γ, ADCC, perforin-granzyme, FASL, KIR, NCRs (NKP46), DAP, DNAM-1, TGF-β, TNF-α, CCL, NKG2A, TF, and EGFR. Furthermore, we advocate for incorporating AI for CAR design optimization and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology for precise gene manipulation to generate highly effective CAR constructs. This review will delve into the evolution and production of CAR designs, explore pre-clinical and clinical studies of CAR-based therapies in asthma, analyze strategies to optimize CAR-NK cell function, conduct a comparative analysis of CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapy with their respective challenges, and finally present established novel CAR designs with promising potential for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Javan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Poudineh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Shamseddin Athari
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 12th Street, Shahrake Karmandan, Zanjan, 45139-561111, Iran.
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14
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Chen PH, Raghunandan R, Morrow JS, Katz SG. Finding Your CAR: The Road Ahead for Engineered T Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1409-1423. [PMID: 38697513 PMCID: PMC11284763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive cellular therapy using chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has transformed immunotherapy by engineering T cells to target specific antigens on tumor cells. As the field continues to advance, pathology laboratories will play increasingly essential roles in the complicated multi-step process of CAR T-cell therapy. These include detection of targetable tumor antigens by flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry at the time of disease diagnosis and the isolation and infusion of CAR T cells. Additional roles include: i) detecting antigen loss or heterogeneity that renders resistance to CAR T cells as well as identifying alternative targetable antigens on tumor cells, ii) monitoring the phenotype, persistence, and tumor infiltration properties of CAR T cells and the tumor microenvironment for factors that predict CAR T-cell therapy success, and iii) evaluating side effects and biomarkers of CAR T-cell cytotoxicity such as cytokine release syndrome. This review highlights existing technologies that are applicable to monitoring CAR T-cell persistence, target antigen identification, and loss. Also discussed are emerging technologies that address new challenges such as how to put a brake on CAR T cells. Although pathology laboratories have already provided companion diagnostic tests important in immunotherapy (eg, programmed death-ligand 1, microsatellite instability, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing), it draws attention to the exciting new translational research opportunities in adoptive cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Chen
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rianna Raghunandan
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jon S Morrow
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Samuel G Katz
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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15
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Russell GC, Hamzaoui Y, Rho D, Sutrave G, Choi JS, Missan DS, Reckard GA, Gustafson MP, Kim GB. Synthetic biology approaches for enhancing safety and specificity of CAR-T cell therapies for solid cancers. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:842-857. [PMID: 38639669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.03.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
CAR-T cell therapies have been successful in treating numerous hematologic malignancies as the T cell can be engineered to target a specific antigen associated with the disease. However, translating CAR-T cell therapies for solid cancers is proving more challenging due to the lack of truly tumor-associated antigens and the high risk of off-target toxicities. To combat this, numerous synthetic biology mechanisms are being incorporated to create safer and more specific CAR-T cells that can be spatiotemporally controlled with increased precision. Here, we seek to summarize and analyze the advancements for CAR-T cell therapies with respect to clinical implementation, from the perspective of synthetic biology and immunology. This review should serve as a resource for further investigation and growth within the field of personalized cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Russell
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Yassin Hamzaoui
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Daniel Rho
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Gaurav Sutrave
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Haematology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Immuno & Gene Therapy Committee, International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Joseph S Choi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Dara S Missan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Gabrielle A Reckard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael P Gustafson
- Immuno & Gene Therapy Committee, International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Gloria B Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
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16
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Dai R, Uppot R, Arellano R, Kalva S. Image-guided Ablative Procedures. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2024; 36:484-497. [PMID: 38087706 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2023.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Various image-guided ablative procedures include chemical and thermal ablation techniques and irreversible electroporation. These have been used for curative intent for small tumours and palliative intent for debulking, immunogenicity and pain control. Understanding these techniques is critical to avoiding complications and achieving superior clinical outcomes. Additionally, combination with immunotherapy and chemotherapies is rapidly evolving. There are numerous opportunities in interventional radiology to advance ablation techniques and seamlessly integrate into current treatment regimens for both benign and malignant tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dai
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Division of Intervention Radiology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - R Uppot
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Division of Intervention Radiology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Arellano
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Division of Intervention Radiology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S Kalva
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Division of Intervention Radiology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Wielenberg CF, Fostitsch JC, Volz C, Marks R, Michalski K, Wäsch R, Zeiser R, Ruf J, Meyer PT, Klein C. FDG-PET/CT is a powerful tool to predict and evaluate response to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in Non-Hodgkin-Lymphoma (NHL). Nuklearmedizin 2024; 63:252-258. [PMID: 38593856 DOI: 10.1055/a-2283-8417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has dramatically shifted the landscape of treatment especially for Non-Hodgkin-Lymphoma (NHL). This study evaluates the role of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in NHL treated with CAR T-cell therapy concerning response assessment and prognosis.We evaluated 34 patients with NHL who received a CAR T-cell therapy between August 2019 and July 2022. All patients underwent a pre-therapeutic FDG-PET/CT (PET-0) 6 days prior and a post-therapeutic FDG-PET/CT (PET-1) 34 days after CAR T-cell therapy. Deauville score (DS) was used for evaluation of response to therapy and compared to a minimum follow-up of 5 months.19/34 (55.9%) patients achieved DS ≤ 3 on PET-1, the remaining 15 (44.1%) patients had DS > 3 on PET-1. 14/19 patients with DS ≤ 3 on PET-1 had no relapsed or refractory (r/r)-disease and were still alive at last follow-up. The other 5 patients had r/r-disease and 4 of these died. Except for two patients who had no r/r-disease, all other patients (13/15) with DS > 3 on PET-1 had r/r-disease and 12 of these subsequently died. Patients with DS ≤ 3 on PET-1 had significantly better progression free survival (PFS; HR: 5.7; p < 0.01) and overall survival (OS; HR: 5.0; p < 0.01) compared to patients with DS > 3 on PET-1. In addition, we demonstrated that patients with DS ≤ 4 on PET-0 tended to have longer PFS (HR: 3.6; p = 0.05).Early FDG-PET/CT using the established DS after CAR T-cell therapy is a powerful tool to evaluate response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Volz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Reinhard Marks
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Wäsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Juri Ruf
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Philipp T Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Claudius Klein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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18
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Arias-Badia M, Chang R, Fong L. γδ T cells as critical anti-tumor immune effectors. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:1145-1157. [PMID: 39060435 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
While the effector cells that mediate anti-tumor immunity have historically been attributed to αβ T cells and natural killer cells, γδ T cells are now being recognized as a complementary mechanism mediating tumor rejection. γδ T cells possess a host of functions ranging from antigen presentation to regulatory function and, importantly, have critical roles in eliciting anti-tumor responses where other immune effectors may be rendered ineffective. Recent discoveries have elucidated how these differing functions are mediated by γδ T cells with specific T cell receptors and spatial distribution. Their relative resistance to mechanisms of dysfunction like T cell exhaustion has spurred the development of therapeutic approaches exploiting γδ T cells, and an improved understanding of these cells should enable more effective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Arias-Badia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence Fong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchison Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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19
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Zhang Y, Fu H, Zhao Q. Current status and perspectives of clinical trials for tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03608-z. [PMID: 39078471 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapies, mainly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have revolutionized cancer treatment strategies over the past decade, but their limitations have limited clinical applications. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy is a type of adoptive cell therapy (ACT), which collects infiltrating lymphocytes at the tumor site and expands them in vitro to obtain TIL final products cloned by various T-cell receptors, subsequently reinfused TIL into the patient, which is effective for the treatment of solid tumors. The approval of Lifileucel for commercialization marks the success of TIL therapy. This review summarizes the current status of clinical trials of TIL treatment. In addition, it is suggested that the current research trend of TIL should focus on improving the survival time of TIL in vivo, reducing drug toxicity, and searching for prognostic markers. Finally, it is expected that TIL therapy can be applied to a more wide range of clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongye Fu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Tsiverioti CA, Gottschlich A, Trefny M, Theurich S, Anders HJ, Kroiss M, Kobold S. Beyond CAR T cells: exploring alternative cell sources for CAR-like cellular therapies. Biol Chem 2024; 405:485-515. [PMID: 38766710 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has led to remarkable clinical outcomes in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, challenges remain, such as limited infiltration into solid tumors, inadequate persistence, systemic toxicities, and manufacturing insufficiencies. The use of alternative cell sources for CAR-based therapies, such as natural killer cells (NK), macrophages (MΦ), invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells, γδT cells, neutrophils, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), has emerged as a promising avenue. By harnessing these cells' inherent cytotoxic mechanisms and incorporating CAR technology, common CAR-T cell-related limitations can be effectively mitigated. We herein present an overview of the tumoricidal mechanisms, CAR designs, and manufacturing processes of CAR-NK cells, CAR-MΦ, CAR-iNKT cells, CAR-γδT cells, CAR-neutrophils, and iPSC-derived CAR-cells, outlining the advantages, limitations, and potential solutions of these therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Gottschlich
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstr. 2a, 80337 Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninstr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel Trefny
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstr. 2a, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Theurich
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninstr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, 80336 Munich, Germany
- 74939 German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, A Partnership Between DKFZ and University Hospital of the LMU , Marchioninstr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Cancer and Immunometabolism Research Group, 74939 Gene Center LMU , Feodor-Lynen Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr. 5, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Kroiss
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstr. 5, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str, 9780 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 9780 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstr. 2a, 80337 Munich, Germany
- 74939 German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, A Partnership Between DKFZ and University Hospital of the LMU , Marchioninstr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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21
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Wang X, Byrne ME, Liu C, Ma MT, Liu D. Scalable process development of NK and CAR-NK expansion in a closed bioreactor. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1412378. [PMID: 39114666 PMCID: PMC11303211 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1412378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Production of large amounts of functional NK and CAR-NK cells represents one of the bottlenecks for NK-based immunotherapy. In this study, we developed a large-scale, reliable, and practicable NK and CAR-NK production using G-Rex 100M bioreactors, which depend on a gas-permeable membrane technology. This system holds large volumes of medium with enhanced oxygen delivery, creating conditions conducive to large-scale PBNK and CAR-NK expansions for cancer therapy. Both peripheral blood NK cells (PBNKs) and CAR-NKs expanded in these bioreactors retained similar immunophenotypes and exhibited comparable cytotoxicity towards hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells akin to that of NK and CAR-NK cells expanded in G-Rex 6 well bioreactors. Importantly, cryopreservation minimally affected the cytotoxicity of NK cells expanded using the G-Rex 100M bioreactors, establishing a robust platform for scaled-up NK and CAR-NK cell production. This method is promising for the development of "off-the-shelf" NK cells, supporting the future clinical implementation of NK cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Maeve Elizabeth Byrne
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Minh Tuyet Ma
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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22
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Zha C, Song J, Wan M, Lin X, He X, Wu M, Huang R. Recent advances in CAR-T therapy for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Ther Adv Hematol 2024; 15:20406207241263489. [PMID: 39050113 PMCID: PMC11268017 DOI: 10.1177/20406207241263489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, which has demonstrated notable efficacy against B-cell malignancies and is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in this context, represents a significant milestone in cancer immunotherapy. However, the efficacy of CAR-T therapy for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poor. The challenges associated with the application of CAR-T therapy for the clinical treatment of AML include, but are not limited to, nonspecific distribution of AML therapeutic targets, difficulties in the production of CAR-T cells, AML blast cell heterogeneity, the immunosuppressive microenvironment in AML, and treatment-related adverse events. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding various therapeutic targets for AML (CD33, CD123, CLL1, CD7, etc.) and the results of the latest clinical studies on these targets. Thereafter, we also discuss the challenges related to CAR-T therapy for AML and some promising strategies for overcoming these challenges, including novel approaches such as gene editing and advances in CAR design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zha
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jialu Song
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Wan
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 253 Gongyedadaozhong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolin He
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 253 Gongyedadaozhong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
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23
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Tian M, Wei JS, Cheuk ATC, Milewski D, Zhang Z, Kim YY, Chou HC, Liu C, Badr S, Pope EG, Rahmy A, Wu JT, Kelly MC, Wen X, Khan J. CAR T-cells targeting FGFR4 and CD276 simultaneously show potent antitumor effect against childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6222. [PMID: 39043633 PMCID: PMC11266617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 (FGFR4), a highly expressed surface tyrosine receptor in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), are already in the clinical phase of development, but tumour heterogeneity and suboptimal activation might hamper their potency. Here we report an optimization strategy of the co-stimulatory and targeting properties of a FGFR4 CAR. We replace the CD8 hinge and transmembrane domain and the 4-1BB co-stimulatory domain with those of CD28. The resulting CARs display enhanced anti-tumor activity in several RMS xenograft models except for an aggressive tumour cell line, RMS559. By searching for a direct target of the RMS core-regulatory transcription factor MYOD1, we identify another surface protein, CD276, as a potential target. Bicistronic CARs (BiCisCAR) targeting both FGFR4 and CD276, containing two distinct co-stimulatory domains, have superior prolonged persistent and invigorated anti-tumor activities compared to the optimized FGFR4-specific CAR and the other BiCisCAR with the same 4-1BB co-stimulatory domain. Our study thus lays down the proof-of-principle for a CAR T-cell therapy targeting both FGFR4 and CD276 in RMS.
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MESH Headings
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/genetics
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/therapy
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/immunology
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/genetics
- Humans
- Animals
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- B7 Antigens/metabolism
- B7 Antigens/immunology
- B7 Antigens/genetics
- MyoD Protein/metabolism
- MyoD Protein/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Child
- Female
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Inbred NOD
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Tian
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jun S Wei
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adam Tai-Chi Cheuk
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David Milewski
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhongmei Zhang
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yong Yean Kim
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hsien-Chao Chou
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Can Liu
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sherif Badr
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eleanor G Pope
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Abdelrahman Rahmy
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jerry T Wu
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael C Kelly
- Single Cell Analysis Facility, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xinyu Wen
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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24
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Zhou D, Zhu X, Xiao Y. CAR-T cell combination therapies in hematologic malignancies. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:69. [PMID: 39026380 PMCID: PMC11264744 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy, a groundbreaking cancer treatment, has achieved remarkable success against hematologic malignancies. However, CAR-T monotherapy faces challenges in certain cases, including treatment tolerance and relapse rates. To overcome these challenges, researchers are investigating combining CAR-T cells with other treatments to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the progress of research in combining CAR-T cells for hematologic malignancies. It covers the basic principles and clinical applications of CAR-T cell therapy, detailing combinations with chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted drugs, radiotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and other treatments. These combinations synergistically enhance the antitumor effects of CAR-T cells and comprehensively target tumors through different mechanisms, improving patient response and survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delian Zhou
- 1Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- 1Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yi Xiao
- 1Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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25
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Yan Z, Gu R, Ma H, Chen N, Zhang T, Xu Y, Qiu S, Xing H, Tang K, Tian Z, Rao Q, Wang M, Wang J. A dual-targeting approach with anti-IL10R CAR-T cells engineered to release anti-CD33 bispecific antibody in enhancing killing effect on acute myeloid leukemia cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00971-5. [PMID: 39008193 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), encounter several challenges in the management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), including limited persistence of these treatments, antigen loss and resistance of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) to therapy. METHODS Here, we proposed a novel dual-targeting approach utilizing engineered anti-IL10R CAR-T cells to secrete bispecific antibodies targeting CD33. This innovative strategy, rooted in our previous research which established a connection between IL-10 and the stemness of AML cells, designed to improve targeting efficiency and eradicate both LSCs and AML blasts. RESULTS We first demonstrated the superior efficacy of this synergistic approach in eliminating AML cell lines and primary cells expressing different levels of the target antigens, even in cases of low CD33 or IL10R expression. Furthermore, the IL10R CAR-T cells that secret anti-CD33 bsAbs (CAR.BsAb-T), exhibited an enhanced activation and induction of cytotoxicity not only in IL10R CAR-T cells but also in bystander T cells, thereby more effectively targeting CD33-positive tumor cells. Our in vivo experiments provided additional evidence that CAR.BsAb-T cells could efficiently redirect T cells, reduce tumor burden, and demonstrate no significant toxicity. Additionally, delivering bsAbs locally to the tumor sites through this strategy helps mitigate the pharmacokinetic challenges typically associated with the rapid clearance of prototypical bsAbs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the engineering of a single-vector targeting IL10R CAR, which subsequently secretes CD33-targeted bsAb, addresses the issue of immune escape due to the heterogeneous expression of IL10R and CD33, and represents a promising progress in AML therapy aimed at improving treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Runxia Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Haotian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Nianci Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301617, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shaowei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Kejing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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26
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Tarannum M, Dinh K, Vergara J, Birch G, Abdulhamid YZ, Kaplan IE, Ay O, Maia A, Beaver O, Sheffer M, Shapiro R, Ali AK, Dong H, Ham JD, Bobilev E, James S, Cameron AB, Nguyen QD, Ganapathy S, Chayawatto C, Koreth J, Paweletz CP, Gokhale PC, Barbie DA, Matulonis UA, Soiffer RJ, Ritz J, Porter RL, Chen J, Romee R. CAR memory-like NK cells targeting the membrane proximal domain of mesothelin demonstrate promising activity in ovarian cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn0881. [PMID: 38996027 PMCID: PMC11244547 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn0881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains one of the most lethal gynecological cancers. Cytokine-induced memory-like (CIML) natural killer (NK) cells have shown promising results in preclinical and early-phase clinical trials. In the current study, CIML NK cells demonstrated superior antitumor responses against a panel of EOC cell lines, increased expression of activation receptors, and up-regulation of genes involved in cell cycle/proliferation and down-regulation of inhibitory/suppressive genes. CIML NK cells transduced with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting the membrane-proximal domain of mesothelin (MSLN) further improved the antitumor responses against MSLN-expressing EOC cells and patient-derived xenograft tumor cells. CAR arming of the CIML NK cells subtanstially reduced their dysfunction in patient-derived ascites fluid with transcriptomic changes related to altered metabolism and tonic signaling as potential mechanisms. Lastly, the adoptive transfer of MSLN-CAR CIML NK cells demonstrated remarkable inhibition of tumor growth and prevented metastatic spread in xenograft mice, supporting their potential as an effective therapeutic strategy in EOC.
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MESH Headings
- Mesothelin
- Humans
- Animals
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Female
- Mice
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/immunology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism
- GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/therapy
- Immunologic Memory
- Protein Domains
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubin Tarannum
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Khanhlinh Dinh
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliana Vergara
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grace Birch
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasmin Z Abdulhamid
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabel E Kaplan
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oyku Ay
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreia Maia
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Owen Beaver
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michal Sheffer
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roman Shapiro
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alaa Kassim Ali
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Han Dong
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James Dongjoo Ham
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eden Bobilev
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sydney James
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy B Cameron
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suthakar Ganapathy
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chayapatou Chayawatto
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Koreth
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cloud P Paweletz
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prafulla C Gokhale
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Barbie
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ursula A Matulonis
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Soiffer
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Porter
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rizwan Romee
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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27
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Mog BJ, Marcou N, DiNapoli SR, Pearlman AH, Nichakawade TD, Hwang MS, Douglass J, Hsiue EHC, Glavaris S, Wright KM, Konig MF, Paul S, Wyhs N, Ge J, Miller MS, Azurmendi P, Watson E, Pardoll DM, Gabelli SB, Bettegowda C, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Zhou S. Preclinical studies show that Co-STARs combine the advantages of chimeric antigen and T cell receptors for the treatment of tumors with low antigen densities. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadg7123. [PMID: 38985855 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg7123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Two types of engineered T cells have been successfully used to treat patients with cancer, one with an antigen recognition domain derived from antibodies [chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)] and the other derived from T cell receptors (TCRs). CARs use high-affinity antigen-binding domains and costimulatory domains to induce T cell activation but can only react against target cells with relatively high amounts of antigen. TCRs have a much lower affinity for their antigens but can react against target cells displaying only a few antigen molecules. Here, we describe a new type of receptor, called a Co-STAR (for costimulatory synthetic TCR and antigen receptor), that combines aspects of both CARs and TCRs. In Co-STARs, the antigen-recognizing components of TCRs are replaced by high-affinity antibody fragments, and costimulation is provided by two modules that drive NF-κB signaling (MyD88 and CD40). Using a TCR-mimic antibody fragment that targets a recurrent p53 neoantigen presented in a common human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele, we demonstrate that T cells equipped with Co-STARs can kill cancer cells bearing low densities of antigen better than T cells engineered with conventional CARs and patient-derived TCRs in vitro. In mouse models, we show that Co-STARs mediate more robust T cell expansion and more durable tumor regressions than TCRs similarly modified with MyD88 and CD40 costimulation. Our data suggest that Co-STARs may have utility for other peptide-HLA antigens in cancer and other targets where antigen density may limit the efficacy of engineered T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Mog
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Nikita Marcou
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sarah R DiNapoli
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Alexander H Pearlman
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Tushar D Nichakawade
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Michael S Hwang
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jacqueline Douglass
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Emily Han-Chung Hsiue
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Stephanie Glavaris
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Katharine M Wright
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Maximilian F Konig
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Suman Paul
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nicolas Wyhs
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jiaxin Ge
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Michelle S Miller
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - P Azurmendi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Evangeline Watson
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sandra B Gabelli
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nickolas Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kenneth W Kinzler
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shibin Zhou
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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28
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Wu S, Luo Q, Li F, Zhang S, Zhang C, Liu J, Shao B, Hong Y, Tan T, Dong X, Chen B. Development of novel humanized CD19/BAFFR bicistronic chimeric antigen receptor T cells with potent antitumor activity against B-cell lineage neoplasms. Br J Haematol 2024. [PMID: 38960449 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has shown remarkable efficacy in treating advanced B-cell malignancies by targeting CD19, but antigen-negative relapses and immune responses triggered by murine-derived antibodies remain significant challenges, necessitating the development of novel humanized multitarget CAR-T therapies. Here, we engineered a second-generation 4-1BB-CD3ζ-based CAR construct incorporating humanized CD19 single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) and BAFFR single-variable domains on heavy chains (VHHs), also known as nanobodies. The resultant CAR-T cells, with different constructs, were functionally compared both in vitro and in vivo. We found that the optimal tandem and bicistronic (BI) structures retained respective antigen-binding abilities, and both demonstrated specific activation when stimulated with target cells. At the same time, BI CAR-T cells (BI CARs) exhibited stronger tumour-killing ability and better secretion of interleukin-2 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha than single-target CAR-T cells. Additionally, BI CARs showed less exhaustion phenotype upon repeated antigen stimulation and demonstrated more potent and persistent antitumor effects in mouse xenograft models. Overall, we developed a novel humanized CD19/BAFFR bicistronic CAR (BI CAR) based on a combination of scFv and VHH, which showed potent and sustained antitumor ability both in vitro and in vivo, including against tumours with CD19 or BAFFR deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungui Wu
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Iaso Biotherapeutics Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feiyu Li
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Suwen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Iaso Biotherapeutics Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bang Shao
- Iaso Biotherapeutics Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Taochao Tan
- Iaso Biotherapeutics Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqing Dong
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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29
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Ramapriyan R, Vykunta VS, Vandecandelaere G, Richardson LGK, Sun J, Curry WT, Choi BD. Altered cancer metabolism and implications for next-generation CAR T-cell therapies. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 259:108667. [PMID: 38763321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
This review critically examines the evolving landscape of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in treating solid tumors, with a particular focus on the metabolic challenges within the tumor microenvironment. CAR T-cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable success in hematologic malignancies, yet its efficacy in solid tumors remains limited. A significant barrier is the hostile milieu of the tumor microenvironment, which impairs CAR T-cell survival and function. This review delves into the metabolic adaptations of cancer cells and their impact on immune cells, highlighting the competition for nutrients and the accumulation of immunosuppressive metabolites. It also explores emerging strategies to enhance CAR T-cell metabolic fitness and persistence, including genetic engineering and metabolic reprogramming. An integrated approach, combining metabolic interventions with CAR T-cell therapy, has the potential to overcome these constraints and improve therapeutic outcomes in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishab Ramapriyan
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Vivasvan S Vykunta
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gust Vandecandelaere
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Leland G K Richardson
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - William T Curry
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bryan D Choi
- Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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30
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Lai TJ, Sun L, Li K, Prins TJ, Treger J, Li T, Sun MZ, Nathanson DA, Liau LM, Lai A, Prins RM, Everson RG. Epigenetic Induction of Cancer-Testis Antigens and Endogenous Retroviruses at Single-Cell Level Enhances Immune Recognition and Response in Glioma. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1834-1849. [PMID: 38856710 PMCID: PMC11275559 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor and remains incurable. Previous work has shown that systemic administration of Decitabine (DAC) induces sufficient expression of cancer-testis antigens (CTA) in GBM for targeting by adoptive T-cell therapy in vivo. However, the mechanisms by which DAC enhances immunogenicity in GBM remain to be elucidated. Using New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) as a representative inducible CTA, we demonstrate in patient tissue, immortalized glioma cells, and primary patient-derived gliomaspheres that basal CTA expression is restricted by promoter hypermethylation in gliomas. DAC treatment of glioma cells specifically inhibits DNA methylation silencing to render NY-ESO-1 and other CTA into inducible tumor antigens at single-cell resolution. Functionally, NY-ESO-1 T-cell receptor-engineered effector cell targeting of DAC-induced antigen in primary glioma cells promotes specific and polyfunctional T-cell cytokine profiles. In addition to induction of CTA, DAC concomitantly reactivates tumor-intrinsic human endogenous retroviruses, interferon response signatures, and MHC-I. Overall, we demonstrate that DAC induces targetable tumor antigen and enhances T-cell functionality against GBM, ultimately contributing to the improvement of targeted immune therapies in glioma. SIGNIFICANCE This study dissects the tumor-intrinsic epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms underlying enhanced T-cell functionality targeting decitabine-induced cancer-testis antigens in glioma. Our findings demonstrate concomitant induction of tumor antigens, reactivation of human endogenous retroviruses, and stimulation of interferon signaling as a mechanistic rationale to epigenetically prime human gliomas to immunotherapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Kevin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Terry J. Prins
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Janet Treger
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Tie Li
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Matthew Z. Sun
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - David A. Nathanson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Linda M. Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Albert Lai
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
- UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Robert M. Prins
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California.
| | - Richard G. Everson
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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31
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Kua L, Ng CH, Tan JW, Tan HC, Seh CC, Wong F, Ong R, Rooney CM, Tan J, Chen Q, Horak ID, Tan KW, Low L. Novel OX40 and 4-1BB derived spacers enhance CD30 CAR activity and safety in CD30 positive lymphoma models. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00454-4. [PMID: 38946142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) derived from the CD30 specific murine antibody, HRS-3, has produced promising clinical efficacy with a favorable safety profile in the treatment of relapsed or refractory CD30-positive lymphomas. However, persistence of the autologous CAR-T cells was brief, and many patients relapsed a year after treatment. The lack of persistence may be attributed to the use of a wild-type immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 spacer that can associate with Fc receptors. We first identified the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) 5 of CD30 as the primary binding epitope of HRS-3 and armed with this insight, attempted to improve the HRS-3 CAR functionality with a panel of novel spacer designs. We demonstrate that HRS-3 CARs with OX40 and 4-1BB derived spacers exhibited similar anti-tumor efficacy, circumvented interactions with Fc receptors, and secreted lower levels of cytokines in vitro than a CAR employing the IgG1 spacer. Humanization of the HRS-3 scFv coupled with the 4-1BB spacer preserved potent on-target, on-tumor efficacy, and on-target, off-tumor safety. In a lymphoma mouse model of high tumor burden, T cells expressing humanized HRS-3 CD30.CARs with the 4-1BB spacer potently killed tumors with low levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines, providing a promising candidate for future clinical development in the treatment of CD30-positive malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Kua
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Chee Hoe Ng
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Jin Wei Tan
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | | | | | - Fiona Wong
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Richard Ong
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Cliona M Rooney
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joel Tan
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, A∗STAR Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, A∗STAR Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Ivan D Horak
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Kar Wai Tan
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Lionel Low
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
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32
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Caulier B, Joaquina S, Gelebart P, Dowling TH, Kaveh F, Thomas M, Tandaric L, Wernhoff P, Katyayini NU, Wogsland C, Gjerstad ME, Fløisand Y, Kvalheim G, Marr C, Kobold S, Enserink JM, Gjertsen BT, McCormack E, Inderberg EM, Wälchli S. CD37 is a safe chimeric antigen receptor target to treat acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101572. [PMID: 38754420 PMCID: PMC11228397 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by the accumulation of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow and the peripheral blood. Nearly half of the AML patients relapse after standard induction therapy, and new forms of therapy are urgently needed. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T therapy has so far not been successful in AML due to lack of efficacy and safety. Indeed, the most attractive antigen targets are stem cell markers such as CD33 or CD123. We demonstrate that CD37, a mature B cell marker, is expressed in AML samples, and its presence correlates with the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) 2017 risk stratification. We repurpose the anti-lymphoma CD37CAR for the treatment of AML and show that CD37CAR T cells specifically kill AML cells, secrete proinflammatory cytokines, and control cancer progression in vivo. Importantly, CD37CAR T cells display no toxicity toward hematopoietic stem cells. Thus, CD37 is a promising and safe CAR T cell AML target.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Animals
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Mice
- Tetraspanins/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology
- Female
- Male
- Antigens, Neoplasm
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Caulier
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Cell Reprogramming (CanCell), Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandy Joaquina
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pascal Gelebart
- Department of Clinical Science, Precision Oncology Research Group, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tara Helén Dowling
- Department of Clinical Science, Precision Oncology Research Group, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fatemeh Kaveh
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Moritz Thomas
- Institue of AI for Health, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Luka Tandaric
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Patrik Wernhoff
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Niveditha Umesh Katyayini
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Cell Reprogramming (CanCell), Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cara Wogsland
- Department of Clinical Science, Precision Oncology Research Group, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - May Eriksen Gjerstad
- Department of Clinical Science, Precision Oncology Research Group, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yngvar Fløisand
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carsten Marr
- Institue of AI for Health, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jorrit M Enserink
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Cell Reprogramming (CanCell), Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Department of Clinical Science, Precision Oncology Research Group, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Else Marit Inderberg
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Wälchli
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Sun Z, Wang C, Zhao Y, Ling Q. CAR-T cell therapy in advanced thyroid cancer: from basic to clinical. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1411300. [PMID: 38911868 PMCID: PMC11190081 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1411300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with thyroid cancer can attain a favorable prognosis with a comprehensive treatment program based on surgical treatment. However, the current treatment options for advanced thyroid cancer are still limited. In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has received widespread attention in the field of oncology treatment. It has achieved remarkable results in the treatment of hematologic tumors. However, due to the constraints of multiple factors, the therapeutic efficacy of CAR-T therapy for solid tumors, including thyroid cancer, has not yet met expectations. This review outlines the fundamental structure and treatment strategies of CAR-T cells, provides an overview of the advancements in both preclinical investigations and clinical trials focusing on targets associated with CAR-T cell therapy in treating thyroid cancer, and discusses the challenges and solutions to CAR-T cell therapy for thyroid cancer. In conclusion, CAR-T cell therapy is a promising therapeutic approach for thyroid cancer, and we hope that our review will provide a timely and updated study of CAR-T cell therapy for thyroid cancer to advance the field.
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Edwards JP, Swers JS, Buonato JM, Zaritskaya L, Mu CJ, Gupta A, Shachar S, LaFleur DW, Richman LK, Tice DA, Hilbert DM. Controlling CAR-T cell activity and specificity with synthetic SparX adapters. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1835-1848. [PMID: 38659225 PMCID: PMC11184337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
While conventional chimeric antigen-receptor (CAR)-T therapies have shown remarkable clinical activity in some settings, they can induce severe toxicities and are rarely curative. To address these challenges, we developed a controllable cell therapy where synthetic D-domain-containing proteins (soluble protein antigen-receptor X-linker [SparX]) bind one or more tumor antigens and mark those cells for elimination by genetically modified T cells (antigen-receptor complex [ARC]-T). The chimeric antigen receptor was engineered with a D-domain that specifically binds to the SparX protein via a unique TAG, derived from human alpha-fetoprotein. The interaction is mediated through an epitope on the TAG that is occluded in the native alpha-fetoprotein molecule. In vitro and in vivo data demonstrate that the activation and cytolytic activity of ARC-T cells is dependent on the dose of SparX protein and only occurs when ARC-T cells are engaged with SparX proteins bound to antigen-positive cells. ARC-T cell specificity was also redirected in vivo by changing SparX proteins that recognized different tumor antigens to combat inherent or acquired tumor heterogeneity. The ARC-SparX platform is designed to expand patient and physician access to cell therapy by controlling potential toxicities through SparX dosing regimens and enhancing tumor elimination through sequential or simultaneous administration of SparX proteins engineered to bind different tumor antigens.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Animals
- Mice
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Protein Binding
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35
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Ciccone R, Quintarelli C, Camera A, Pezzella M, Caruso S, Manni S, Ottaviani A, Guercio M, Del Bufalo F, Quadraccia MC, Orlando D, Di Cecca S, Sinibaldi M, Aurigemma M, Iaffaldano L, Sarcinelli A, D'Amore ML, Ceccarelli M, Nazio F, Marabitti V, Giorda E, Pezzullo M, De Stefanis C, Carai A, Rossi S, Alaggio R, Del Baldo G, Becilli M, Mastronuzzi A, De Angelis B, Locatelli F. GD2-Targeting CAR T-cell Therapy for Patients with GD2+ Medulloblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:2545-2557. [PMID: 38551501 PMCID: PMC11145172 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medulloblastoma (MB), the most common childhood malignant brain tumor, has a poor prognosis in about 30% of patients. The current standard of care, which includes surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, is often responsible for cognitive, neurologic, and endocrine side effects. We investigated whether chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells directed toward the disialoganglioside GD2 can represent a potentially more effective treatment with reduced long-term side effects. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN GD2 expression was evaluated on primary tumor biopsies of MB children by flow cytometry. GD2 expression in MB cells was also evaluated in response to an EZH2 inhibitor (tazemetostat). In in vitro and in vivo models, GD2+ MB cells were targeted by a CAR-GD2.CD28.4-1BBζ (CAR.GD2)-T construct, including the suicide gene inducible caspase-9. RESULTS GD2 was expressed in 82.68% of MB tumors. The SHH and G3-G4 subtypes expressed the highest levels of GD2, whereas the WNT subtype expressed the lowest. In in vitro coculture assays, CAR.GD2 T cells were able to kill GD2+ MB cells. Pretreatment with tazemetostat upregulated GD2 expression, sensitizing GD2dimMB cells to CAR.GD2 T cells cytotoxic activity. In orthotopic mouse models of MB, intravenously injected CAR.GD2 T cells significantly controlled tumor growth, prolonging the overall survival of treated mice. Moreover, the dimerizing drug AP1903 was able to cross the murine blood-brain barrier and to eliminate both blood-circulating and tumor-infiltrating CAR.GD2 T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental data indicate the potential efficacy of CAR.GD2 T-cell therapy. A phase I/II clinical trial is ongoing in our center (NCT05298995) to evaluate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of CAR.GD2 therapy in high-risk MB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselia Ciccone
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Quintarelli
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Camera
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Pezzella
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Caruso
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Manni
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Ottaviani
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Guercio
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Del Bufalo
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Quadraccia
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Orlando
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Cecca
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matilde Sinibaldi
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariasole Aurigemma
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Iaffaldano
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sarcinelli
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa D'Amore
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Ceccarelli
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Marabitti
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ezio Giorda
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pezzullo
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Carai
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossi
- Department of Laboratories, Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Alaggio
- Department of Laboratories, Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Del Baldo
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Becilli
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio De Angelis
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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36
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Rotolo A, Atherton MJ. Applications and Opportunities for Immune Cell CAR Engineering in Comparative Oncology. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:2359-2369. [PMID: 38573683 PMCID: PMC11147717 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-3690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-adoptive cell therapy has transformed the treatment of human hematologic malignancies. However, its application for the treatment of solid tumors remains challenging. An exciting avenue for advancing this field lies in the use of pet dogs, in which cancers that recapitulate the biology, immunological features, and clinical course of human malignancies arise spontaneously. Moreover, their large size, outbred genetic background, shared environment with humans, and immunocompetency make dogs ideal for investigating and optimizing CAR therapies before human trials. Here, we will outline how challenges in early clinical trials in patients with canine lymphoma, including issues related to autologous CAR T-cell manufacturing, limited CAR T-cell persistence, and tumor antigen escape, mirrored challenges observed in human CAR T trials. We will then highlight emerging adoptive cell therapy strategies currently under investigation in dogs with hematological and solid cancers, which will provide crucial safety and efficacy data on novel CAR T regimens that can be used to support clinical trials. By drawing from ongoing studies, we will illustrate how canine patients with spontaneous cancer may serve as compelling screening platforms to establish innovative CAR therapy approaches and identify predictive biomarkers of response, with a specific emphasis on solid tumors. With increased funding for canine immunotherapy studies, multi-institutional investigations are poised to generate highly impactful clinical data that should translate into more effective human trials, ultimately benefiting both human and canine cancer patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dogs
- Humans
- Dog Diseases/therapy
- Dog Diseases/immunology
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Clinical Trials, Veterinary as Topic
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Rotolo
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J. Atherton
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Garaudé S, Marone R, Lepore R, Devaux A, Beerlage A, Seyres D, Dell' Aglio A, Juskevicius D, Zuin J, Burgold T, Wang S, Katta V, Manquen G, Li Y, Larrue C, Camus A, Durzynska I, Wellinger LC, Kirby I, Van Berkel PH, Kunz C, Tamburini J, Bertoni F, Widmer CC, Tsai SQ, Simonetta F, Urlinger S, Jeker LT. Selective haematological cancer eradication with preserved haematopoiesis. Nature 2024; 630:728-735. [PMID: 38778101 PMCID: PMC11186773 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative treatment for a broad range of haematological malignancies, but the standard of care relies on untargeted chemotherapies and limited possibilities to treat malignant cells after HSCT without affecting the transplanted healthy cells1. Antigen-specific cell-depleting therapies hold the promise of much more targeted elimination of diseased cells, as witnessed in the past decade by the revolution of clinical practice for B cell malignancies2. However, target selection is complex and limited to antigens expressed on subsets of haematopoietic cells, resulting in a fragmented therapy landscape with high development costs2-5. Here we demonstrate that an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting the pan-haematopoietic marker CD45 enables the antigen-specific depletion of the entire haematopoietic system, including HSCs. Pairing this ADC with the transplantation of human HSCs engineered to be shielded from the CD45-targeting ADC enables the selective eradication of leukaemic cells with preserved haematopoiesis. The combination of CD45-targeting ADCs and engineered HSCs creates an almost universal strategy to replace a diseased haematopoietic system, irrespective of disease aetiology or originating cell type. We propose that this approach could have broad implications beyond haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Garaudé
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Romina Marone
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rosalba Lepore
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Cimeio Therapeutics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Devaux
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Astrid Beerlage
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Hematology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denis Seyres
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Dell' Aglio
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Darius Juskevicius
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Hematology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Zuin
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Burgold
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sisi Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Varun Katta
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Garret Manquen
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yichao Li
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Clément Larrue
- Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jérôme Tamburini
- Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Corinne C Widmer
- Department of Hematology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Hematology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shengdar Q Tsai
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas T Jeker
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Transplantation Immunology & Nephrology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
- Innovation Focus Cell Therapy, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
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38
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Zhou D, Zhu X, Xiao Y. Advances in research on factors affecting chimeric antigen receptor T-cell efficacy. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7375. [PMID: 38864474 PMCID: PMC11167615 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is becoming an effective technique for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies. After analyzing patients with tumor progression and sustained remission after CAR-T cell therapy, many factors were found to be associated with the efficacy of CAR-T therapy. This paper reviews the factors affecting the effect of CAR-T such as tumor characteristics, tumor microenvironment and immune function of patients, CAR-T cell structure, construction method and in vivo expansion values, lymphodepletion chemotherapy, and previous treatment, and provides a preliminary outlook on the corresponding therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delian Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
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39
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Utkarsh K, Srivastava N, Kumar S, Khan A, Dagar G, Kumar M, Singh M, Haque S. CAR-T cell therapy: a game-changer in cancer treatment and beyond. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:1300-1318. [PMID: 38244129 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, cancer has become one of the primary causes of mortality, approximately 10 million deaths worldwide each year. The most advanced, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy has turned out as a promising treatment for cancer. CAR-T cell therapy involves the genetic modification of T cells obtained from the patient's blood, and infusion back to the patients. CAR-T cell immunotherapy has led to a significant improvement in the remission rates of hematological cancers. CAR-T cell therapy presently limited to hematological cancers, there are ongoing efforts to develop additional CAR constructs such as bispecific CAR, tandem CAR, inhibitory CAR, combined antigens, CRISPR gene-editing, and nanoparticle delivery. With these advancements, CAR-T cell therapy holds promise concerning potential to improve upon traditional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation while reducing associated toxicities. This review covers recent advances and advantages of CAR-T cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Utkarsh
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Namita Srivastava
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Azhar Khan
- Faculty of Applied Science and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Gunjan Dagar
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shabirul Haque
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350, Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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40
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Phely L, Hensen L, Faul C, Ruff CA, Schneider D, Bethge WA, Lengerke C. Allogeneic CD19/CD22 CAR T-Cell Therapy for B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. JAMA Oncol 2024; 10:821-824. [PMID: 38635232 PMCID: PMC11190796 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
This case series reports durable remissions in 2 patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with allogeneic bispecific CD19/CD22-targeting chimeric antigen receptor T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Phely
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Faul
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christer Alexander Ruff
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Andreas Bethge
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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41
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Lakhani A, Chen X, Chen LC, Hong M, Khericha M, Chen Y, Chen YY, Park JO. Extracellular domains of CARs reprogramme T cell metabolism without antigen stimulation. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1143-1160. [PMID: 38658805 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Metabolism is an indispensable part of T cell proliferation, activation and exhaustion, yet the metabolism of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells remains incompletely understood. CARs are composed of extracellular domains-often single-chain variable fragments (scFvs)-that determine ligand specificity and intracellular domains that trigger signalling following antigen binding. Here, we show that CARs differing only in the scFv variously reprogramme T cell metabolism. Even without exposure to antigens, some CARs increase proliferation and nutrient uptake in T cells. Using stable isotope tracers and mass spectrometry, we observed basal metabolic fluxes through glycolysis doubling and amino acid uptake overtaking anaplerosis in CAR-T cells harbouring a rituximab scFv, unlike other similar anti-CD20 scFvs. Disparate rituximab and 14G2a-based anti-GD2 CAR-T cells are similarly hypermetabolic and channel excess nutrients to nitrogen overflow metabolism. Modest overflow metabolism of CAR-T cells and metabolic compatibility between cancer cells and CAR-T cells are identified as features of efficacious CAR-T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Lakhani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ximin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurence C Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mihe Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mobina Khericha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne Y Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Junyoung O Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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42
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Xue S. Recent progress in chimeric antigen receptor therapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1843-1857. [PMID: 38381173 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05601-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Although CAR-T cell therapy has been particularly successful as a treatment for B cell malignancies, effectively treating acute myeloid leukemia with CAR remains a greater challenge. Multiple preclinical studies and clinical trials are underway, including on AML-related surface markers that CAR-T cells can target, such as CD123, CD33, NKG2D, CLL1, CD7, FLT3, Lewis Y and CD70, all of which provide opportunities for developing CAR-T therapies with improved specificity and efficacy. We also explored specific strategies for CAR-T cell treatment of AML, including immune checkpoints, suicide genes, dual targeting, genomic tools and the potential for universal CAR. In addition, CAR-T cell therapy for AML still has certain risks and challenges, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and haematotoxicity. Despite these challenges, as a new targeting method for AML treatment, CAR-T cell therapy still has great prospects. Ongoing research aims to further optimize this treatment mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Hematology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, 223002, China.
| | - Shengli Xue
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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43
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Frankel NW, Deng H, Yucel G, Gainer M, Leemans N, Lam A, Li Y, Hung M, Lee D, Lee CT, Banicki A, Tian M, Almudhfar N, Naitmazi L, Roguev A, Lee S, Wong W, Gordley R, Lu TK, Garrison BS. Precision off-the-shelf natural killer cell therapies for oncology with logic-gated gene circuits. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114145. [PMID: 38669141 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis (5-year survival rate of 30.5% in the United States). Designing cell therapies to target AML is challenging because no single tumor-associated antigen (TAA) is highly expressed on all cancer subpopulations. Furthermore, TAAs are also expressed on healthy cells, leading to toxicity risk. To address these targeting challenges, we engineer natural killer (NK) cells with a multi-input gene circuit consisting of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) controlled by OR and NOT logic gates. The OR gate kills a range of AML cells from leukemic stem cells to blasts using a bivalent CAR targeting FLT3 and/or CD33. The NOT gate protects healthy hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) using an inhibitory CAR targeting endomucin, a protective antigen unique to healthy HSCs. NK cells with the combined OR-NOT gene circuit kill multiple AML subtypes and protect primary HSCs, and the circuit also works in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Animals
- Mice
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Precision Medicine/methods
- Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy/methods
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Han Deng
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Gozde Yucel
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Marcus Gainer
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nelia Leemans
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Alice Lam
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yongshuai Li
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michelle Hung
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Derrick Lee
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Chen-Ting Lee
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Andrew Banicki
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mengxi Tian
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Assen Roguev
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | - Timothy K Lu
- Senti Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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44
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Hu Y, Sarkar A, Song K, Michael S, Hook M, Wang R, Heczey A, Song X. Selective refueling of CAR T cells using ADA1 and CD26 boosts antitumor immunity. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101530. [PMID: 38688275 PMCID: PMC11148642 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is hindered in solid tumor treatment due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and suboptimal T cell persistence. Current strategies do not address nutrient competition in the microenvironment. Hence, we present a metabolic refueling approach using inosine as an alternative fuel. CAR T cells were engineered to express membrane-bound CD26 and cytoplasmic adenosine deaminase 1 (ADA1), converting adenosine to inosine. Autocrine secretion of ADA1 upon CD3/CD26 stimulation activates CAR T cells, improving migration and resistance to transforming growth factor β1 suppression. Fusion of ADA1 with anti-CD3 scFv further boosts inosine production and minimizes tumor cell feeding. In mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer, metabolically refueled CAR T cells exhibit superior tumor reduction compared to unmodified CAR T cells. Overall, our study highlights the potential of selective inosine refueling to enhance CAR T therapy efficacy against solid tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Adenosine Deaminase/metabolism
- Humans
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Mice
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/metabolism
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Inosine
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Song
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara Michael
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Synthesis Biology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Magnus Hook
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andras Heczey
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatric, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaotong Song
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA.
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45
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Li YR, Zhou Y, Yu J, Kim YJ, Li M, Lee D, Zhou K, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Wang YC, Li Z, Yu Y, Dunn ZS, Guo W, Cen X, Husman T, Bajpai A, Kramer A, Wilson M, Fang Y, Huang J, Li S, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Hahn Z, Zhu E, Ma F, Pan C, Lusis AJ, Zhou JJ, Seet CS, Kohn DB, Wang P, Zhou XJ, Pellegrini M, Puliafito BR, Larson SM, Yang L. Generation of allogeneic CAR-NKT cells from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells using a clinically guided culture method. Nat Biotechnol 2024:10.1038/s41587-024-02226-y. [PMID: 38744947 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-024-02226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy with autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells faces challenges in manufacturing and patient selection that could be avoided by using 'off-the-shelf' products, such as allogeneic CAR natural killer T (AlloCAR-NKT) cells. Previously, we reported a system for differentiating human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells into AlloCAR-NKT cells, but the use of three-dimensional culture and xenogeneic feeders precluded its clinical application. Here we describe a clinically guided method to differentiate and expand IL-15-enhanced AlloCAR-NKT cells with high yield and purity. We generated AlloCAR-NKT cells targeting seven cancers and, in a multiple myeloma model, demonstrated their antitumor efficacy, expansion and persistence. The cells also selectively depleted immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenviroment and antagonized tumor immune evasion via triple targeting of CAR, TCR and NK receptors. They exhibited a stable hypoimmunogenic phenotype associated with epigenetic and signaling regulation and did not induce detectable graft versus host disease or cytokine release syndrome. These properties of AlloCAR-NKT cells support their potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiaji Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu Jeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Derek Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kuangyi Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuning Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yichen Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yanqi Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Spencer Dunn
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xinjian Cen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Husman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aarushi Bajpai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam Kramer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yonggang Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuchong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zoe Hahn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Enbo Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jin J Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Seet
- Eli and Edythe Broad Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pin Wang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xianghong Jasmine Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences-The Collaboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin R Puliafito
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Larson
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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46
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Sonanini D, Schwenck J, Blaess S, Schmitt J, Maurer A, Ehrlichmann W, Ritter M, Skokowa J, Kneilling M, Jung G, Fend F, Krost S, Seitz CM, Lang P, Reischl G, Handgretinger R, Fougère CL, Pichler BJ. CD19-immunoPET for noninvasive visualization of CD19 expression in B-cell lymphoma patients. Biomark Res 2024; 12:50. [PMID: 38735945 PMCID: PMC11089670 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell- and antibody-based CD19-directed therapies have demonstrated great potential for treating B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). However, all these approaches suffer from limited response rates and considerable toxicity. Until now, therapy decisions have been routinely based on histopathological CD19 staining of a single lesion at initial diagnosis or relapse, disregarding heterogeneity and temporal alterations in antigen expression. To visualize in vivo CD19 expression noninvasively, we radiolabeled anti-human CD19 monoclonal antibodies with copper-64 (64Cu-αCD19) for positron emission tomography (CD19-immunoPET). 64Cu-αCD19 specifically bound to subcutaneous Daudi xenograft mouse models in vivo. Importantly, 64Cu-αCD19 did not affect the anti-lymphoma cytotoxicity of CD19 CAR-T cells in vitro. Following our preclinical validation, 64Cu-αCD19 was injected into four patients with follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or mantle zone lymphoma. We observed varying 64Cu-αCD19 PET uptake patterns at different lymphoma sites, both within and among patients, correlating with ex vivo immunohistochemical CD19 expression. Moreover, one patient exhibited enhanced uptake in the spleen compared to that in patients with prior B-cell-depleting therapy, indicating that 64Cu-αCD19 is applicable for identifying B-cell-rich organs. In conclusion, we demonstrated the specific targeting and visualization of CD19+ B-NHL in mice and humans by CD19-immunoPET. The intra- and interindividual heterogeneous 64Cu-αCD19 uptake patterns of lymphoma lesions indicate variability in CD19 expression, suggesting the potential of CD19-immunoPET as a novel tool to guide CD19-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Sonanini
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Johannes Schwenck
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simone Blaess
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Schmitt
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Walter Ehrlichmann
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Malte Ritter
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Skokowa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gundram Jung
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Krost
- University Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian M Seitz
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany
- University Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Lang
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany
- University Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Reischl
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany
- University Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site, Tübingen, Germany
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47
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Li Y, Hu Z, Li Y, Wu X. Charting new paradigms for CAR-T cell therapy beyond current Achilles heels. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1409021. [PMID: 38751430 PMCID: PMC11094207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1409021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy has made remarkable strides in treating hematological malignancies. However, the widespread adoption of CAR-T cell therapy is hindered by several challenges. These include concerns about the long-term and complex manufacturing process, as well as efficacy factors such as tumor antigen escape, CAR-T cell exhaustion, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Additionally, safety issues like the risk of secondary cancers post-treatment, on-target off-tumor toxicity, and immune effector responses triggered by CAR-T cells are significant considerations. To address these obstacles, researchers have explored various strategies, including allogeneic universal CAR-T cell development, infusion of non-activated quiescent T cells within a 24-hour period, and in vivo induction of CAR-T cells. This review comprehensively examines the clinical challenges of CAR-T cell therapy and outlines strategies to overcome them, aiming to chart pathways beyond its current Achilles heels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenhua Hu
- Department of Health and Nursing, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Sweeney EE, Sekhri P, Muniraj N, Chen J, Feng S, Terao J, Chin SJ, Schmidt DE, Bollard CM, Cruz CRY, Fernandes R. Photothermal Prussian blue nanoparticles generate potent multi-targeted tumor-specific T cells as an adoptive cell therapy. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10639. [PMID: 38818122 PMCID: PMC11135148 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Prussian blue nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy (PBNP-PTT) is an effective tumor treatment capable of eliciting an antitumor immune response. Motivated by the ability of PBNP-PTT to potentiate endogenous immune responses, we recently demonstrated that PBNP-PTT could be used ex vivo to generate tumor-specific T cells against glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines as an adoptive T cell therapy (ATCT). In this study, we further developed this promising T cell development platform. First, we assessed the phenotype and function of T cells generated using PBNP-PTT. We observed that PBNP-PTT facilitated CD8+ T cell expansion from healthy donor PBMCs that secreted IFNγ and TNFα and upregulated CD107a in response to engagement with target U87 cells, suggesting specific antitumor T cell activation and degranulation. Further, CD8+ effector and effector memory T cell populations significantly expanded after co-culture with U87 cells, consistent with tumor-specific effector responses. In orthotopically implanted U87 GBM tumors in vivo, PBNP-PTT-derived T cells effectively reduced U87 tumor growth and generated long-term survival in >80% of tumor-bearing mice by Day 100, compared to 0% of mice treated with PBS, non-specific T cells, or T cells expanded from lysed U87 cells, demonstrating an enhanced antitumor efficacy of this ATCT platform. Finally, we tested the generalizability of our approach by generating T cells targeting medulloblastoma (D556), breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), and acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cell lines. The resulting T cells secreted IFNγ and exerted increased tumor-specific cytolytic function relative to controls, demonstrating the versatility of PBNP-PTT in generating tumor-specific T cells for ATCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E. Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Palak Sekhri
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- The Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Nethaji Muniraj
- The Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Sally Feng
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- George Washington Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Joshua Terao
- The Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Samantha J. Chin
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- George Washington Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Danielle E. Schmidt
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Catherine M. Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- The Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Conrad Russell Y. Cruz
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- The Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Rohan Fernandes
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- George Washington Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
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Jin J, Lin L, Meng J, Jiang L, Zhang M, Fang Y, Liu W, Xin X, Long X, Kuang D, Ding X, Zheng M, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Chen L. High-multiplex single-cell imaging analysis reveals tumor immune contexture associated with clinical outcomes after CAR T cell therapy. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1252-1265. [PMID: 38504519 PMCID: PMC11081919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has made great progress in treating lymphoma, yet patient outcomes still vary greatly. The lymphoma microenvironment may be an important factor in the efficacy of CAR T therapy. In this study, we designed a highly multiplexed imaging mass cytometry (IMC) panel to simultaneously quantify 31 biomarkers from 13 patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who received CAR19/22 T cell therapy. A total of 20 sections were sampled before CAR T cell infusion or after infusion when relapse occurred. A total of 35 cell clusters were identified, annotated, and subsequently redefined into 10 metaclusters. The CD4+ T cell fraction was positively associated with remission duration. Significantly higher Ki67, CD57, and TIM3 levels and lower CD69 levels in T cells, especially the CD8+/CD4+ Tem and Te cell subsets, were seen in patients with poor outcomes. Cellular neighborhood containing more immune cells was associated with longer remission. Fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells resided much closer to tumor cells in patients with poor response and short remission after CAR T therapy. Our work comprehensively and systematically dissects the relationship between cell composition, state, and spatial arrangement in the DLBCL microenvironment and the outcomes of CAR T cell therapy, which is beneficial to predict CAR T therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jin
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Hematology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yuekun Fang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wanying Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiangke Xin
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaolu Long
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dong Kuang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xilai Ding
- Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Miao Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Liting Chen
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Immunotherapy Research Center for Hematologic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China; Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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50
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Berdecka D, De Smedt SC, De Vos WH, Braeckmans K. Non-viral delivery of RNA for therapeutic T cell engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115215. [PMID: 38401848 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell transfer has shown great success in treating blood cancers, resulting in a growing number of FDA-approved therapies using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells. However, the effectiveness of this treatment for solid tumors is still not satisfactory, emphasizing the need for improved T cell engineering strategies and combination approaches. Currently, CAR T cells are mainly manufactured using gammaretroviral and lentiviral vectors due to their high transduction efficiency. However, there are concerns about their safety, the high cost of producing them in compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP), regulatory obstacles, and limited cargo capacity, which limit the broader use of engineered T cell therapies. To overcome these limitations, researchers have explored non-viral approaches, such as membrane permeabilization and carrier-mediated methods, as more versatile and sustainable alternatives for next-generation T cell engineering. Non-viral delivery methods can be designed to transport a wide range of molecules, including RNA, which allows for more controlled and safe modulation of T cell phenotype and function. In this review, we provide an overview of non-viral RNA delivery in adoptive T cell therapy. We first define the different types of RNA therapeutics, highlighting recent advancements in manufacturing for their therapeutic use. We then discuss the challenges associated with achieving effective RNA delivery in T cells. Next, we provide an overview of current and emerging technologies for delivering RNA into T cells. Finally, we discuss ongoing preclinical and clinical studies involving RNA-modified T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Berdecka
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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