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Xiang Y, Zhao Z, Yao EJ, Balayan A, Fiering SN, Steinmetz NF, Chen S. Multifaceted cancer alleviation by cowpea mosaic virus in a bioprinted ovarian cancer peritoneal spheroid model. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122663. [PMID: 38878481 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is a leading cause of mortality among gynecological malignancies and usually manifests as intraperitoneal spheroids that generate metastases, ascites, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this study, we explore the immunomodulatory properties of cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) as an adjuvant immunotherapeutic agent using an in vitro model of OvCa peritoneal spheroids. Previous findings highlighted the potent efficacy of intratumoral CPMV against OvCa in mouse tumor models. Leveraging the precision control over material deposition and cell patterning afforded by digital-light-processing (DLP) based bioprinting, we constructed OvCa-macrophage spheroids to mimic peritoneal spheroids using gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), a collagen-derived photopolymerizable biomaterial to mimic the extracellular matrix. Following CPMV treatment, bioprinted spheroids exhibited inhibited OvCa progression mediated by macrophage activation. Our analysis indicates that CPMV regulates and activates macrophage to both induce OvCa cell killing and restore normal cell-cell junctions. This study deepened our understanding of the mechanism of CPMV intratumoral immunotherapy in the setting of OvCa. This study also highlights the potential of studying immunotherapies using high throughput tissue models via DLP bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiang
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhongchao Zhao
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Emmie J Yao
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alis Balayan
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Steven N Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA; Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Center for Engineering in Cancer, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Shu and K.C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Lu J, Liu H, Wang B, Chen C, Bai F, Su X, Duan P. Niraparib plays synergistic antitumor effects with NRT in a mouse ovarian cancer model with HRP. Transl Oncol 2024; 49:102094. [PMID: 39163760 PMCID: PMC11380394 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE PARPi offers less clinical benefit for HRP patients compared to HRD patients. PARPi has an immunomodulatory function. NRT therapy targets tumor neoantigens without off-target immune toxicity. We explored the synergy between Niraparib and NRT in enhancing antitumor activity in an HRP ovarian cancer mouse model. METHODS In the C57BL/6 mouse ID8 ovarian cancer model, the effect of Niraparib on reshaping TIME was evaluated by immune cell infiltration analysis of transcriptomic data. The antitumor effects of Niraparib, NRT, and their combined use were systematically evaluated. To corroborate alterations in TILs, TAMs, and chemokine profiles within the TIME, we employed immunofluorescence imaging and transcriptome sequencing analysis. RESULTS Niraparib increased the M1-TAMs and activated CD8+ T cells in tumor tissues of C57BL/6 mice with ID8 ovarian cancer. GSEA showed that gene set associated with immature DC and INFα, cytokines and chemokines were significantly enriched in immune feature, KEGG and GO gene sets, meanwhile CCL5, CXCL9 and CXCL10 play dominant roles together. In the animal trials, combined group had a tumor growth delay compared with Niraparib group (P < 0.01) and control group (P < 0.001), and longer survival compared with the single agent group (P<0.01) . CONCLUSIONS Niraparib could exert immune-reshaping effects, then acts synergistic antitumor effects with NRT in HRP ovarian cancer model. Our findings provide new ideas and rationale for combined immunotherapy in HRP ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lishui People's Hospital, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lishui College, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lishui People's Hospital, China
| | - Binming Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Chengcheng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Afliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Fumao Bai
- Department of clinical laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoping Su
- School of Basic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Afliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China.
| | - Ping Duan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China; Oncology Discipline Group, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China.
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3
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Li J, Zhou M, Xie J, Chen J, Yang M, Ye C, Cheng S, Liu M, Li R, Tan R. Organoid modeling meets cancers of female reproductive tract. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:410. [PMID: 39333482 PMCID: PMC11437045 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the female reproductive system, especially malignant tumors, pose a serious threat to women's health worldwide. One of the key factors limiting research progress in this area is the lack of representative models. Organoid technology, especially tumor organoids, has been increasingly applied in the study of female reproductive system tumors due to their high heterogeneity, close resemblance to the physiological state, easy acquisition and cultivation advantages. They play a significant role in understanding the origin and causes of tumors, drug screening, and personalized treatment and more. This article reviews the organoid models for the female reproductive system, focusing on the cancer research advancements. It discusses the methods for constructing tumor organoids of the female reproductive tract and summarizes the limitations of current research. The aim is to offer a reference for future development and application of these organoid models, contributing to the advancement of anti-tumor drugs and treatment strategies for female reproductive tract cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of Innovation of New Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengting Zhou
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of Innovation of New Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Information Technology Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengni Yang
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of Innovation of New Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Changjun Ye
- Rehabilitation Department, Changgeng Yining Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shihu Cheng
- Geriatric Department, Changgeng Yining Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ruirong Tan
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of Innovation of New Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China.
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Li S, Lei N, Chen M, Guo R, Han L, Qiu L, Wu F, Jiang S, Tong N, Wang K, Li Y, Chang L. Exploration of organoids in ovarian cancer: From basic research to clinical translation. Transl Oncol 2024; 50:102130. [PMID: 39303357 PMCID: PMC11437877 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly heterogeneous tumor with a poor prognosis. The lack of reliable and efficient research models that can accurately mimic heterogeneity has impeded in-depth investigations and hindered the clinical translation of research findings in ovarian cancer. Organoid models have emerged as a promising in vitro approach, demonstrating remarkable fidelity to the histological, molecular, genomic, and transcriptomic features of their tissues of origin. In recent years, organoids have contributed to advancing our understanding of ovarian cancer initiation, metastasis, and drug resistance mechanisms, as well as facilitating clinical screening of effective therapeutic agents. The establishment of high-throughput organoid culture systems, coupled with cutting-edge technologies such as organ-on-a-chip, genetic engineering, and 3D printing, has tremendous potential for accelerating ovarian cancer research translation. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the latest exploration of organoids in basic ovarian cancer research and clinical translation. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects and challenges associated with the use of organoids and related novel technologies in the context of ovarian cancer. This review provides insights into the application of organoids in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Ningjing Lei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengyu Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Ruixia Guo
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Liping Han
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Luojie Qiu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Fengling Wu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Ningyao Tong
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Kunmei Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Yong Li
- St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia.
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
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Cortesi M, Warton K, Ford CE. Beyond 2D cell cultures: how 3D models are changing the in vitro study of ovarian cancer and how to make the most of them. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17603. [PMID: 39221267 PMCID: PMC11366228 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
3D cell cultures are a fundamental tool in ovarian cancer research that can enable more effective study of the main features of this lethal disease, including the high rates of recurrence and chemoresistance. A clearer, more comprehensive understanding of the biological underpinnings of these phenomena could aid the development of more effective treatments thus improving patient outcomes. Selecting the most appropriate model to investigate the different aspects of cell biology that are relevant to cancer is challenging, especially since the assays available for the study of 3D cultures are not fully established yet. To maximise the usefulness of 3D cell cultures of ovarian cancer, we undertook an in-depth review of the currently available models, taking into consideration the strengths and limitations of each approach and of the assay techniques used to evaluate the results. This integrated analysis provides insight into which model-assay pair is best suited to study different parameters of ovarian cancer biology such as cell proliferation, gene expression or treatment response. We also describe how the combined use of multiple models is likely to be the most effective strategy for the in vitro characterisation of complex behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilisa Cortesi
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Electrical Electronic and Information Engineering “G. Marconi”, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Kristina Warton
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Caroline E. Ford
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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6
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Zhang M, Yin R, Li K. Advances and challenges in the origin and evolution of ovarian cancer organoids. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1429141. [PMID: 39220646 PMCID: PMC11362079 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1429141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in cancer research, epithelial ovarian cancer remains a leading threat to women's health with a low five-year survival rate of 48%. Prognosis for advanced cases, especially International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) III-IV, is poor. Standard care includes surgical resection and platinum-based chemo, but 70-80% face recurrence and chemoresistance. In recent years, three- dimensional (3D) cancer models, especially patients-derived organoids (PDOs), have revolutionized cancer research for personalized treatment. By transcending the constraints of conventional models, organoids accurately recapitulate crucial morphological, histological, and genetic characteristics of diseases, particularly in the context of ovarian cancer. The extensive potential of ovarian cancer organoids is explored, spanning from foundational theories to cutting-edge applications. As potent preclinical models, organoids offer invaluable tools for predicting patient treatment responses and guiding the development of personalized therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, in the arena of drug evaluation, organoids demonstrate their unique versatility as platforms, enabling comprehensive testing of innovative drug combinations and novel candidates, thereby pioneering new avenues in pharmaceutical research. Notably, organoids mimic the dynamic progression of ovarian cancer, from inception to systemic dissemination, shedding light on intricate and subtle disease mechanisms, and providing crucial insights. Operating at an individualized level, organoids also unravel the complex mechanisms underlying drug resistance, presenting strategic opportunities for the development of effective treatment strategies. This review summarizes the emerging role of ovarian cancer organoids, meticulously cultivated cellular clusters within three-dimensional models, as a groundbreaking paradigm in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengpei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Rutie Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Kemin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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Luo Y, Liu Z, Hu X. ceRNA Network and WGCNA Analyses of Differentially Expressed Genes in Cervical Cancer Tissues for Association with Survival of Patients. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:2523-2533. [PMID: 38467964 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01477-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The study aims to search and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cervical cancer tissues as novel biomarkers to predict cervical cancer prognosis. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data on gene expression profiles in cervical cancer were downloaded and analyzed using R software to identify DEGs in cervical cancer tissues. miRNAs targeted by differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs targeted by microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified using the online miRcode, miRTarBase, TargetScan, and miRDB tools. The ceRNA network and lncRNA expression modules in cervical cancer tissues were constructed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and analyzed bioinformatically. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to confirm these DEGs as prognostic markers. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was used to verify expression of the hub genes in 10 paired cervical cancer and normal tissues. A total of 1914 DEmRNAs, 210 DElncRNAs, and 67 DEmiRNAs were identified in cervical cancer samples. There were 39 lncRNAs, 19 miRNAs, and 87 mRNAs involved in the ceRNA network and 25 DElncRNAs, three DEmiRNAs, and four mRNAs involved in the ceRNA sub-network. CACNA1C-AS1 was associated with the yellow and blue modules in the ceRNA sub-network, and LIFR-AS1 was associated with the blue module. The DEmRNAs were involved in cancer-related pathways, and three hub genes (i.e., E2F1, CCNB1, and CCNE1) were highly expressed in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma tissues and associated with the prognosis of patients. The ceRNA network and WGCNA analyses are useful to identify novel DEGs that can serve as prognostic markers in cervical cancer. The DEGs will be validated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Luo
- Department of Gynecology, Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Murphy B, Miyamoto T, Manning BS, Mirji G, Ugolini A, Kannan T, Hamada K, Zhu YP, Claiborne DT, Huang L, Zhang R, Nefedova Y, Kossenkov A, Veglia F, Shinde R, Zhang N. Intraperitoneal activation of myeloid cells clears ascites and reveals IL27-dependent regression of metastatic ovarian cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.25.600597. [PMID: 38979222 PMCID: PMC11230450 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.25.600597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Patients with metastatic ovarian cancer (OvCa) have a 5-year survival rate of less than 30% due to persisting dissemination of chemoresistant cells in the peritoneal fluid and the immunosuppressive microenvironment in the peritoneal cavity. Here, we report that intraperitoneal administration of β-glucan and IFNγ (BI) induced robust tumor regression in clinically relevant models of metastatic OvCa. BI induced tumor regression by controlling fluid tumor burden and activating localized antitumor immunity. β-glucan alone cleared ascites and eliminated fluid tumor cells by inducing intraperitoneal clotting in the fluid and Dectin-1-Syk-dependent NETosis in the omentum. In omentum tumors, BI expanded a novel subset of immunostimulatory IL27+ macrophages and neutralizing IL27 impaired BI efficacy in vivo. Moreover, BI directly induced IL27 secretion in macrophages where single agent treatment did not. Finally, BI extended mouse survival in a chemoresistant model and significantly improved chemotherapy response in a chemo-sensitive model. In summary, we propose a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of metastatic OvCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennah Murphy
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, Ellen and Ronald Caplan Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taito Miyamoto
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, Ellen and Ronald Caplan Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bryan S. Manning
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, Ellen and Ronald Caplan Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gauri Mirji
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, Ellen and Ronald Caplan Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessio Ugolini
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, Ellen and Ronald Caplan Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Toshitha Kannan
- Gene Expression & Regulation Program, Ellen and Ronald Caplan Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kohei Hamada
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | - Daniel T. Claiborne
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, Ellen and Ronald Caplan Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Rugang Zhang
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, Ellen and Ronald Caplan Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yulia Nefedova
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, Ellen and Ronald Caplan Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Kossenkov
- Gene Expression & Regulation Program, Ellen and Ronald Caplan Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Filippo Veglia
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, Ellen and Ronald Caplan Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rahul Shinde
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, Ellen and Ronald Caplan Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- Immunology, Microenvironment & Metastasis Program, Ellen and Ronald Caplan Cancer Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Kalla J, Pfneissl J, Mair T, Tran L, Egger G. A systematic review on the culture methods and applications of 3D tumoroids for cancer research and personalized medicine. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00960-8. [PMID: 38806997 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, and thus treatment responses vary greatly between patients. To improve therapy efficacy and outcome for cancer patients, more representative and patient-specific preclinical models are needed. Organoids and tumoroids are 3D cell culture models that typically retain the genetic and epigenetic characteristics, as well as the morphology, of their tissue of origin. Thus, they can be used to understand the underlying mechanisms of cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis in a more physiological setting. Additionally, co-culture methods of tumoroids and cancer-associated cells can help to understand the interplay between a tumor and its tumor microenvironment. In recent years, tumoroids have already helped to refine treatments and to identify new targets for cancer therapy. Advanced culturing systems such as chip-based fluidic devices and bioprinting methods in combination with tumoroids have been used for high-throughput applications for personalized medicine. Even though organoid and tumoroid models are complex in vitro systems, validation of results in vivo is still the common practice. Here, we describe how both animal- and human-derived tumoroids have helped to identify novel vulnerabilities for cancer treatment in recent years, and how they are currently used for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kalla
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janette Pfneissl
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresia Mair
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Loan Tran
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Egger
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Nan Y, Wu X, Luo Q, Chang W, Zhao P, Zhang L, Liu Z. OTUB2 silencing promotes ovarian cancer via mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming and can be synthetically targeted by CA9 inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315348121. [PMID: 38701117 PMCID: PMC11087800 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315348121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is an aggressive gynecological tumor characterized by a high relapse rate and chemoresistance. Ovarian cancer exhibits the cancer hallmark of elevated glycolysis, yet effective strategies targeting cancer cell metabolic reprogramming to overcome therapeutic resistance in ovarian cancer remain elusive. Here, we revealed that epigenetic silencing of Otubain 2 (OTUB2) is a driving force for mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming in ovarian cancer, which promotes tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Mechanistically, OTUB2 silencing destabilizes sorting nexin 29 pseudogene 2 (SNX29P2), which subsequently prevents hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) from von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor-mediated degradation. Elevated HIF-1α activates the transcription of carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and drives ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance by promoting glycolysis. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of CA9 substantially suppressed tumor growth and synergized with carboplatin in the treatment of OTUB2-silenced ovarian cancer. Thus, our study highlights the pivotal role of OTUB2/SNX29P2 in suppressing ovarian cancer development and proposes that targeting CA9-mediated glycolysis is an encouraging strategy for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100021, China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Qingyu Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Wan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100021, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100021, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing100850, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100021, China
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11
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Zhang H, Zhang P, Lin X, Tan L, Wang Y, Jia X, Wang K, Li X, Sun D. Integrative single-cell analysis of LUAD: elucidating immune cell dynamics and prognostic modeling based on exhausted CD8+ T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1366096. [PMID: 38596689 PMCID: PMC11002145 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1366096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in the progression and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the detailed characteristics of LUAD and its associated microenvironment are yet to be extensively explored. This study aims to delineate a comprehensive profile of the immune cells within the LUAD microenvironment, including CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and myeloid cells. Subsequently, based on marker genes of exhausted CD8+ T cells, we aim to establish a prognostic model for LUAD. Method Utilizing the Seurat and Scanpy packages, we successfully constructed an immune microenvironment atlas for LUAD. The Monocle3 and PAGA algorithms were employed for pseudotime analysis, pySCENIC for transcription factor analysis, and CellChat for analyzing intercellular communication. Following this, a prognostic model for LUAD was developed, based on the marker genes of exhausted CD8+ T cells, enabling effective risk stratification in LUAD patients. Our study included a thorough analysis to identify differences in TME, mutation landscape, and enrichment across varying risk groups. Moreover, by integrating risk scores with clinical features, we developed a new nomogram. The expression of model genes was validated via RT-PCR, and a series of cellular experiments were conducted, elucidating the potential oncogenic mechanisms of GALNT2. Results Our study developed a single-cell atlas for LUAD from scRNA-seq data of 19 patients, examining crucial immune cells in LUAD's microenvironment. We underscored pDCs' role in antigen processing and established a Cox regression model based on CD8_Tex-LAYN genes for risk assessment. Additionally, we contrasted prognosis and tumor environments across risk groups, constructed a new nomogram integrating clinical features, validated the expression of model genes via RT-PCR, and confirmed GALNT2's function in LUAD through cellular experiments, thereby enhancing our understanding and approach to LUAD treatment. Conclusion The creation of a LUAD single-cell atlas in our study offered new insights into its tumor microenvironment and immune cell interactions, highlighting the importance of key genes associated with exhausted CD8+ T cells. These discoveries have enabled the development of an effective prognostic model for LUAD and identified GALNT2 as a potential therapeutic target, significantly contributing to the improvement of LUAD diagnosis and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Lin Tan
- Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoteng Jia
- Clinical School of Thoracic, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Daqiang Sun
- Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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12
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Hu H, Sun C, Chen J, Li Z. Organoids in ovarian cancer: a platform for disease modeling, precision medicine, and drug assessment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:146. [PMID: 38509422 PMCID: PMC10955023 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a major cause of gynecological cancer mortality, necessitating enhanced research. Organoids, cellular clusters grown in 3D model, have emerged as a disruptive paradigm, transcending the limitations inherent to conventional models by faithfully recapitulating key morphological, histological, and genetic attributes. This review undertakes a comprehensive exploration of the potential in organoids derived from murine, healthy population, and patient origins, encompassing a spectrum that spans foundational principles to pioneering applications. Organoids serve as preclinical models, allowing us to predict how patients will respond to treatments and guiding the development of personalized therapies. In the context of evaluating new drugs, organoids act as versatile platforms, enabling thorough testing of innovative combinations and novel agents. Remarkably, organoids mimic the dynamic nature of OC progression, from its initial formation to the spread to other parts of the body, shedding light on intricate details that hold significant importance. By functioning at an individualized level, organoids uncover the complex mechanisms behind drug resistance, revealing strategic opportunities for effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyao Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong'en Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengyu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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13
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Ma X, Wang Q, Li G, Li H, Xu S, Pang D. Cancer organoids: A platform in basic and translational research. Genes Dis 2024; 11:614-632. [PMID: 37692477 PMCID: PMC10491878 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An accumulation of previous work has established organoids as good preclinical models of human tumors, facilitating translation from basic research to clinical practice. They are changing the paradigm of preclinical cancer research because they can recapitulate the heterogeneity and pathophysiology of human cancers and more closely approximate the complex tissue environment and structure found in clinical tumors than in vitro cell lines and animal models. However, the potential applications of cancer organoids remain to be comprehensively summarized. In the review, we firstly describe what is currently known about cancer organoid culture and then discuss in depth the basic mechanisms, including tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis, and describe recent advances in patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs) for drug screening and immunological studies. Finally, the present challenges faced by organoid technology in clinical practice and its prospects are discussed. This review highlights that organoids may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Guozheng Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Shouping Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
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14
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Wang P, Leong QY, Lau NY, Ng WY, Kwek SP, Tan L, Song SW, You K, Chong LM, Zhuang I, Ong YH, Foo N, Tadeo X, Kumar KS, Vijayakumar S, Sapanel Y, Raczkowska MN, Remus A, Blasiak A, Ho D. N-of-1 medicine. Singapore Med J 2024; 65:167-175. [PMID: 38527301 PMCID: PMC11060644 DOI: 10.4103/singaporemedj.smj-2023-243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The fields of precision and personalised medicine have led to promising advances in tailoring treatment to individual patients. Examples include genome/molecular alteration-guided drug selection, single-patient gene therapy design and synergy-based drug combination development, and these approaches can yield substantially diverse recommendations. Therefore, it is important to define each domain and delineate their commonalities and differences in an effort to develop novel clinical trial designs, streamline workflow development, rethink regulatory considerations, create value in healthcare and economics assessments, and other factors. These and other segments are essential to recognise the diversity within these domains to accelerate their respective workflows towards practice-changing healthcare. To emphasise these points, this article elaborates on the concept of digital health and digital medicine-enabled N-of-1 medicine, which individualises combination regimen and dosing using a patient's own data. We will conclude with recommendations for consideration when developing novel workflows based on emerging digital-based platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wang
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiao Ying Leong
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ni Yin Lau
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Ying Ng
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siong Peng Kwek
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lester Tan
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shang-Wei Song
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kui You
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Ming Chong
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isaiah Zhuang
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoong Hun Ong
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nigel Foo
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xavier Tadeo
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kirthika Senthil Kumar
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Smrithi Vijayakumar
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoann Sapanel
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore’s Health District @ Queenstown, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marlena Natalia Raczkowska
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexandria Remus
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Heat Resilience Performance Centre (HRPC), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Agata Blasiak
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dean Ho
- Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore’s Health District @ Queenstown, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity and Equality, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Asadi M, Zarredar H, Zafari V, Soleimani Z, Saeedi H, Caner A, Shanehbandi D. Immune Features of Tumor Microenvironment: A Genetic Spotlight. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:107-118. [PMID: 37870699 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
A tumor represents a highly intricate tissue entity, characterized by an exceptionally complex microenvironment that starkly contrasts with the typical physiological surroundings of healthy tissues. Within this tumor microenvironment (TME), every component and factor assume paramount importance in the progression of malignancy and exerts a pivotal influence on a patient's clinical outcome. One of the remarkable aspects of the TME is its remarkable heterogeneity, not only across different types of cancers but even within the same histological category of tumors. In-depth research has illuminated the intricate interplay between specific immune cells and molecules and the dynamic characteristics of the TME. Recent investigations have yielded compelling evidence that several mutations harbored by tumor cells possess the capacity to instigate substantial alterations in the TME. These mutations, often acting as drivers of tumorigenesis, can orchestrate a cascade of events that remodel the TME, thereby influencing crucial aspects of cancer behavior, including its invasiveness, immune evasion, and response to therapies. It is within this nuanced context that the present study endeavors to provide a concise yet comprehensive summary of how specific mutations, within the genetic landscape of cancer cells, can instigate profound changes in TME features. By elucidating the intricate relationship between genetic mutations and the TME, this research aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of cancer biology. Ultimately, the knowledge gained from this study holds the potential to inform the development of more targeted and effective treatments, thereby offering new hope to patients grappling with the complexities of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Asadi
- Department of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Habib Zarredar
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Venus Zafari
- Department of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zahra Soleimani
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Saeedi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ayse Caner
- Department of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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16
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Lv J, Du X, Wang M, Su J, Wei Y, Xu C. Construction of tumor organoids and their application to cancer research and therapy. Theranostics 2024; 14:1101-1125. [PMID: 38250041 PMCID: PMC10797287 DOI: 10.7150/thno.91362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a severe public health burden worldwide. One of the challenges hampering effective cancer therapy is that the existing cancer models hardly recapitulate the tumor microenvironment of human patients. Over the past decade, tumor organoids have emerged as an in vitro 3D tumor model to mimic the pathophysiological characteristics of parental tumors. Various techniques have been developed to construct tumor organoids, such as matrix-based methods, hanging drop, spinner or rotating flask, nonadhesive surface, organ-on-a-chip, 3D bioprinting, and genetic engineering. This review elaborated on cell components and fabrication methods for establishing tumor organoid models. Furthermore, we discussed the application of tumor organoids to cancer modeling, basic cancer research, and anticancer therapy. Finally, we discussed current limitations and future directions in employing tumor organoids for more extensive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Lv
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Institute of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xuan Du
- Biopharma Industry Promotion Center Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Institute of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, 200941, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Can Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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17
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Dai Y, Xu J, Gong X, Wei J, Gao Y, Chai R, Lu C, Zhao B, Kang Y. Human Fallopian Tube-Derived Organoids with TP53 and RAD51D Mutations Recapitulate an Early Stage High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Phenotype In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:886. [PMID: 38255960 PMCID: PMC10815309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
RAD51D mutations have been implicated in the transformation of normal fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) cells into high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), one of the most prevalent and aggressive gynecologic malignancies. Currently, no suitable model exists to elucidate the role of RAD51D in disease initiation and progression. Here, we established organoids from primary human FTE and introduced TP53 as well as RAD51D knockdown to enable the exploration of their mutational impact on FTE lesion generation. We observed that TP53 deletion rescued the adverse effects of RAD51D deletion on the proliferation, stemness, senescence, and apoptosis of FTE organoids. RAD51D deletion impaired the homologous recombination (HR) function and induced G2/M phase arrest, whereas concurrent TP53 deletion mitigated G0/G1 phase arrest and boosted DNA replication when combined with RAD51D mutation. The co-deletion of TP53 and RAD51D downregulated cilia assembly, development, and motility, but upregulated multiple HGSOC-associated pathways, including the IL-17 signaling pathway. IL-17A treatment significantly improved cell viability. TP53 and RAD51D co-deleted organoids exhibited heightened sensitivity to platinum, poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), and cell cycle-related medication. In summary, our research highlighted the use of FTE organoids with RAD51D mutations as an invaluable in vitro platform for the early detection of carcinogenesis, mechanistic exploration, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Dai
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaofeng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jinsong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ranran Chai
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chong Lu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
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18
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Elorbany S, Malacrida B, Balkwill F. Interferon epsilon and ovarian cancer. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:985-986. [PMID: 37778961 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Most biologists know of the interferons IFNα, IFNβ, and IFNγ and their roles in immunity and infection, but they may not have heard of IFNε. A recent study in Nature suggests that IFNε can act as a tumor suppressor in serous ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Elorbany
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Beatrice Malacrida
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Frances Balkwill
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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19
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Cook DP, Galpin KJC, Rodriguez GM, Shakfa N, Wilson-Sanchez J, Echaibi M, Pereira M, Matuszewska K, Haagsma J, Murshed H, Cudmore AO, MacDonald E, Tone A, Shepherd TG, Petrik JJ, Koti M, Vanderhyden BC. Comparative analysis of syngeneic mouse models of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1152. [PMID: 37957414 PMCID: PMC10643551 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers exhibit high rates of recurrence and poor treatment response. Preclinical models that recapitulate human disease are critical to develop new therapeutic approaches. Syngeneic mouse models allow for the generation of tumours comprising the full repertoire of non-malignant cell types but have expanded in number, varying in the cell type of origin, method for transformation, and ultimately, the properties of the tumours they produce. Here we have performed a comparative analysis of high-grade serous ovarian cancer models based on transcriptomic profiling of 22 cell line models, and intrabursal and intraperitoneal tumours from 12. Among cell lines, we identify distinct signalling activity, such as elevated inflammatory signalling in STOSE and OVE16 models, and MAPK/ERK signalling in ID8 and OVE4 models; metabolic differences, such as reduced glycolysis-associated expression in several engineered ID8 subclones; and relevant functional properties, including differences in EMT activation, PD-L1 and MHC class I expression, and predicted chemosensitivity. Among tumour samples, we observe increased variability and stromal content among intrabursal tumours. Finally, we predict differences in the microenvironment of ID8 models engineered with clinically relevant mutations. We anticipate that this work will serve as a valuable resource, providing new insight to help select models for specific experimental objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Cook
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Kristianne J C Galpin
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Galaxia M Rodriguez
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Noor Shakfa
- Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Maryam Echaibi
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Madison Pereira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kathy Matuszewska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob Haagsma
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Humaira Murshed
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alison O Cudmore
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth MacDonald
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alicia Tone
- Ovarian Cancer Canada, 145 Front St E #205, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor G Shepherd
- The Mary & John Knight Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Unit, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - James J Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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20
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Gómez-Álvarez M, Agustina-Hernández M, Francés-Herrero E, Rodríguez-Eguren A, Bueno-Fernandez C, Cervelló I. Addressing Key Questions in Organoid Models: Who, Where, How, and Why? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16014. [PMID: 37958996 PMCID: PMC10650475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242116014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional cellular structures designed to recreate the biological characteristics of the body's native tissues and organs in vitro. There has been a recent surge in studies utilizing organoids due to their distinct advantages over traditional two-dimensional in vitro approaches. However, there is no consensus on how to define organoids. This literature review aims to clarify the concept of organoids and address the four fundamental questions pertaining to organoid models: (i) What constitutes organoids?-The cellular material. (ii) Where do organoids grow?-The extracellular scaffold. (iii) How are organoids maintained in vitro?-Via the culture media. (iv) Why are organoids suitable in vitro models?-They represent reproducible, stable, and scalable models for biological applications. Finally, this review provides an update on the organoid models employed within the female reproductive tract, underscoring their relevance in both basic biology and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gómez-Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), IVI Foundation, IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.G.-Á.); (M.A.-H.); (E.F.-H.); (A.R.-E.); (C.B.-F.)
| | - Marcos Agustina-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), IVI Foundation, IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.G.-Á.); (M.A.-H.); (E.F.-H.); (A.R.-E.); (C.B.-F.)
| | - Emilio Francés-Herrero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), IVI Foundation, IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.G.-Á.); (M.A.-H.); (E.F.-H.); (A.R.-E.); (C.B.-F.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Adolfo Rodríguez-Eguren
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), IVI Foundation, IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.G.-Á.); (M.A.-H.); (E.F.-H.); (A.R.-E.); (C.B.-F.)
| | - Clara Bueno-Fernandez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), IVI Foundation, IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.G.-Á.); (M.A.-H.); (E.F.-H.); (A.R.-E.); (C.B.-F.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Cervelló
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), IVI Foundation, IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.G.-Á.); (M.A.-H.); (E.F.-H.); (A.R.-E.); (C.B.-F.)
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21
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Launonen IM, Vähärautio A, Färkkilä A. The Emerging Role of the Single-Cell and Spatial Tumor Microenvironment in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041314. [PMID: 37553211 PMCID: PMC10547388 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of single-cell and spatial technologies has enabled a more detailed understanding of the tumor microenvironment and its role in therapy response and clinical outcome of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). Interestingly, emerging evidence suggests that HGSCs with different genetic drivers harbor distinct tumor-immune microenvironments. Further, spatial cell-cell interactions have been shown to shape the CD8+ T-cell phenotypes and responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapies. The heterogeneous stroma consisting of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subtypes, endothelia, and site-specific stromal types such as mesothelium modulates treatment responses via increasing stiffness and by producing ligands that promote drug resistance, angiogenesis, or immune escape. Chemotherapy itself shifts CAFs toward an inflammatory phenotype that associates with poor survival and immune-suppressive signaling. New emerging immunotherapies include combinational approaches and agents targeting, for example, the tumor-intrinsic endoplasmic reticulum pathway. A more detailed understanding of the spatial interplay of tumor, immune, and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment is needed to develop more efficient immunotherapeutic strategies for HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga-Maria Launonen
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Vähärautio
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- FIMM and HiLIfe, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Chan WS, Mo X, Ip PPC, Tse KY. Patient-derived organoid culture in epithelial ovarian cancers-Techniques, applications, and future perspectives. Cancer Med 2023; 12:19714-19731. [PMID: 37776168 PMCID: PMC10587945 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous disease composed of different cell types with different molecular aberrations. Traditional cell lines and mice models cannot recapitulate the human tumor biology and tumor microenvironment (TME). Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are freshly derived from patients' tissues and are then cultured with extracellular matrix and conditioned medium. The high concordance of epigenetic, genomic, and proteomic landscapes between the parental tumors and PDOs suggests that PDOs can provide more reliable results in studying cancer biology, allowing high throughput drug screening, and identifying their associated signaling pathways and resistance mechanisms. However, despite having a heterogeneity of cells in PDOs, some cells in TME will be lost during the culture process. Next-generation organoids have been developed to circumvent some of the limitations. Genetically engineered organoids involving targeted gene editing can facilitate the understanding of tumorigenesis and drug response. Co-culture systems where PDOs are cultured with different cell components like immune cells can allow research using immunotherapy which is otherwise impossible in conventional cell lines. In this review, the limitations of the traditional in vitro and in vivo assays, the use of PDOs, the challenges including some tips and tricks of PDO generation in EOC, and the future perspectives, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Sun Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SAR
| | - Xuetang Mo
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SAR
| | | | - Ka Yu Tse
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SAR
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23
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Bhardwaj A, Antonelli M, Ueberheide B, Neel BG. Identification of a Novel Hypoxia-induced Inflammatory Cell Death Pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.05.552118. [PMID: 37808759 PMCID: PMC10557583 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.05.552118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic cancer cells resist many anti-neoplastic therapies and can seed recurrence. We found previously that PTP1B deficiency promotes HER2+ breast cancer cell death in hypoxia by activating RNF213, an ∼600kDa protein containing AAA-ATPase domains and two ubiquitin ligase domains (RING and RZ) that also is implicated in Moyamoya disease (MMD), lipotoxicity, and innate immunity. Here we report that PTP1B and ABL1/2 reciprocally control RNF213 phosphorylation on tyrosine-1275. This phosphorylation promotes RNF213 oligomerization and RZ domain activation. The RZ domain ubiquitylates CYLD/SPATA2, and together with the LUBAC complex, induces their degradation. Decreased CYLD/SPATA2 causes NF-κB activation, which together with hypoxia-induced ER-stress triggers GDSMD-dependent pyroptosis. Mutagenesis experiments show that the RING domain negatively regulates the RZ domain. CYLD -deleted HER2+ cell-derived xenografts phenocopy the effects of PTP1B deficiency, and reconstituting RNF213 knockout lines with RNF213 mutants shows that the RZ domain mediates PTP1B-dependent tumor cell death. Our results identify a novel, potentially targetable PTP1B/RNF213/CYCLD/SPATA pathway critical for controlling inflammatory cell death in hypoxic tumors that could be exploited to target hypoxic tumor cells, potentially turning "cold" tumors "hot". Our findings also reveal new insights into RNF213 regulation, and have potentially important implications for the pathogenesis of MMD, atherosclerosis, and inflammatory and auto-immune disorders.
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24
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Yan HHN, Chan AS, Lai FPL, Leung SY. Organoid cultures for cancer modeling. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:917-937. [PMID: 37315564 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organoids derived from adult stem cells (ASCs) and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are important preclinical models for studying cancer and developing therapies. Here, we review primary tissue-derived and PSC-derived cancer organoid models and detail how they have the potential to inform personalized medical approaches in different organ contexts and contribute to the understanding of early carcinogenic steps, cancer genomes, and biology. We also compare the differences between ASC- and PSC-based cancer organoid systems, discuss their limitations, and highlight recent improvements to organoid culture approaches that have helped to make them an even better representation of human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen H N Yan
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - April S Chan
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Frank Pui-Ling Lai
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suet Yi Leung
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China; Jockey Club Centre for Clinical Innovation and Discovery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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25
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Kumar S, Raina M, Tankay K, Ingle GM. Patient-derived organoids in ovarian cancer: Current research and its clinical relevance. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115589. [PMID: 37196684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of recent advances in cancer treatment, ovarian cancer (OC) patients have had a five-year survival rate of 48% in the last few decades. Diagnosis at the advanced stage, disease recurrence, and lack of early biomarkers are the severe clinical challenges associated with disease survival rate. Identifying tumor origin and developing precision drugs will effectively advance OC patient's treatment. The lack of a proper platform to identify and develop new therapeutic strategies in OC treatment necessitates searching for a suitable model to address tumor recurrence and therapeutic resistance. The development of the OC patient-derived organoid model provided a unique platform to identify the exact origin of high-grade serous OC, drug screening, and the development of precision medicine. This review provides an overview of recent progress in developing patient-derived organoids and their clinical relevance. Here, we outline their uses for transcriptomics and genomics profiling, drug screening, translational study, and their future perspective and clinical outlook as a model to advance OC research that could offer a promising approach for developing precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, AP, India.
| | - Manita Raina
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, AP, India
| | - Kalpana Tankay
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, AP, India
| | - Gaurav Milind Ingle
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, AP, India
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26
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Qi H, Tan X, Zhang W, Zhou Y, Chen S, Zha D, Wang S, Wen J. The applications and techniques of organoids in head and neck cancer therapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1191614. [PMID: 37427120 PMCID: PMC10328716 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1191614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most common cancers on the planet, with approximately 600,000 new cases diagnosed and 300,000 deaths every year. Research into the biological basis of HNC has advanced slowly over the past decades, which has made it difficult to develop new, more effective treatments. The patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are made from patient tumor cells, resembling the features of their tumors, which are high-fidelity models for studying cancer biology and designing new precision medicine therapies. In recent years, considerable effort has been focused on improving "organoids" technologies and identifying tumor-specific medicine using head and neck samples and a variety of organoids. A review of improved techniques and conclusions reported in publications describing the application of these techniques to HNC organoids is presented here. Additionally, we discuss the potential application of organoids in head and neck cancer research as well as the limitations associated with these models. As a result of the integration of organoid models into future precision medicine research and therapeutic profiling programs, the use of organoids will be extremely significant in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qi
- The Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaolin Tan
- The Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wenshuo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yihong Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Shaoyi Chen
- The Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Dasong Zha
- The Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Siyang Wang
- The Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jinming Wen
- The Cancer Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
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27
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El Harane S, Zidi B, El Harane N, Krause KH, Matthes T, Preynat-Seauve O. Cancer Spheroids and Organoids as Novel Tools for Research and Therapy: State of the Art and Challenges to Guide Precision Medicine. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071001. [PMID: 37048073 PMCID: PMC10093533 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Spheroids and organoids are important novel players in medical and life science research. They are gradually replacing two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Indeed, three-dimensional (3D) cultures are closer to the in vivo reality and open promising perspectives for academic research, drug screening, and personalized medicine. A large variety of cells and tissues, including tumor cells, can be the starting material for the generation of 3D cultures, including primary tissues, stem cells, or cell lines. A panoply of methods has been developed to generate 3D structures, including spontaneous or forced cell aggregation, air-liquid interface conditions, low cell attachment supports, magnetic levitation, and scaffold-based technologies. The choice of the most appropriate method depends on (i) the origin of the tissue, (ii) the presence or absence of a disease, and (iii) the intended application. This review summarizes methods and approaches for the generation of cancer spheroids and organoids, including their advantages and limitations. We also highlight some of the challenges and unresolved issues in the field of cancer spheroids and organoids, and discuss possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae El Harane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bochra Zidi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia El Harane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Matthes
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Preynat-Seauve
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Experimental Cell Therapy, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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28
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Beniey M, Hubert A, Haque T, Cotte AK, Béchir N, Zhang X, Tran-Thanh D, Hassan S. Sequential targeting of PARP with carboplatin inhibits primary tumour growth and distant metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1964-1975. [PMID: 36941406 PMCID: PMC10147920 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02226-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) develop early recurrence. While PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have demonstrated potential in BRCA1/2-mutant (BRCAMUT) TNBC, durable responses will likely be achieved if PARPi are used in combination. It is plausible that sequential administration of a potent PARPi like talazoparib in combination with carboplatin can enhance primary tumour and metastasis inhibition in BRCAMUT and BRCA1/2 wild-type (BRCAWT) TNBCs, and decrease toxicity. METHODS We evaluated the impact of the concurrent combination of talazoparib and carboplatin on cell survival in 13 TNBC cell lines. We compared the concurrent and sequential combination upon fork replication, migration and invasion. We also used three orthotopic xenograft models to evaluate primary tumour growth, distant metastasis, and toxicity. RESULTS Concurrent talazoparib and carboplatin was synergistic in 92.3% of TNBC cell lines, independent of BRCA1/2-mutation status. The sequential combination decreased fork speed in normal cells, but not in TNBC cells. The talazoparib-first sequential combination resulted in a strong reduction in migration (70.4%, P < 0.0001), invasion (56.9%, P < 0.0001), lung micrometastasis (56.4%, P < 0.0001), and less toxicity in a BRCAWT model. CONCLUSION The sequential combination of talazoparib and carboplatin is an effective approach to inhibit micrometastatic disease, providing rationale for the use of this combination in early TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Beniey
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Hubert
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Takrima Haque
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexia Karen Cotte
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nelly Béchir
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Danh Tran-Thanh
- Department of Pathology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Saima Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Division of Surgical Oncology, CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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29
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Yuan J, Li X, Yu S. Cancer organoid co-culture model system: Novel approach to guide precision medicine. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1061388. [PMID: 36713421 PMCID: PMC9877297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1061388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional cancer organoids derived from self-organizing cancer stems are ex vivo miniatures of tumors that faithfully recapitulate their structure, distinctive cancer features, and genetic signatures. As novel tools, current cancer organoids have been well established and rapidly applied in drug testing, genome editing, and transplantation, with the ultimate aim of entering clinical practice for guiding personalized therapy. However, given that the lack of a tumor microenvironment, including immune cells and fibrous cells, is a major limitation of this emerging methodology, co-culture models inspire high hope for further application of this technology in cancer research. Co-culture of cancer organoids and immune cells or fibroblasts is available to investigate the tumor microenvironment, molecular interactions, and chimeric antigen receptor-engineered lymphocytes in cancer treatment. In light of the recent progress in cancer organoid co-culture models, it is only possible to recognize the advantages and drawbacks of this novel model to exploit its full potential. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the application of cancer organoids and co-culture models and how they could be improved in the future to benefit cancer research, especially precision medicine.
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30
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da Costa AABA, Chowdhury D, Shapiro GI, D'Andrea AD, Konstantinopoulos PA. Targeting replication stress in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:38-58. [PMID: 36202931 PMCID: PMC11132912 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Replication stress is a major cause of genomic instability and a crucial vulnerability of cancer cells. This vulnerability can be therapeutically targeted by inhibiting kinases that coordinate the DNA damage response with cell cycle control, including ATR, CHK1, WEE1 and MYT1 checkpoint kinases. In addition, inhibiting the DNA damage response releases DNA fragments into the cytoplasm, eliciting an innate immune response. Therefore, several ATR, CHK1, WEE1 and MYT1 inhibitors are undergoing clinical evaluation as monotherapies or in combination with chemotherapy, poly[ADP-ribose]polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, or immune checkpoint inhibitors to capitalize on high replication stress, overcome therapeutic resistance and promote effective antitumour immunity. Here, we review current and emerging approaches for targeting replication stress in cancer, from preclinical and biomarker development to clinical trial evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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31
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Cao Q, Li L, Zhao Y, Wang C, Shi Y, Tao X, Cai C, Han XX. PARPi Decreased Primary Ovarian Cancer Organoid Growth Through Early Apoptosis and Base Excision Repair Pathway. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231187996. [PMID: 37488947 PMCID: PMC10369085 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231187996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC), particularly high-grade serous cancer (HGSC), is the leading cause of mortality among gynecological cancers owing to the treatment difficulty and high recurrence probability. As therapeutic drugs approved for OC, poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) lead to synthetic lethality by inhibiting single-strand DNA repair, particularly in homologous recombination-deficient cancers. However, even PARPi have distinct efficacies and are prone to have drug resistance, the molecular mechanisms underlying the PARPi resistance in OC remain unclear. A patient-derived organoid platform was generated and treated with a PARPi to understand the factors associated with PARPi resistance. PARPi significantly inhibits organoid growth. After 72 h of treatment, both the size of organoids and the numbers of adherent cells decreased. Moreover, immunofluorescence results showed that the proportion of Ki67 positive cells significantly reduced. When the PARPi concentration reached 200 nM, the percentage of Ki67+/4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) cells decreased approximately 50%. PARPi treatment also affected the expression of genes involved in base excision repair and cell cycle. Functional assays revealed that PARPi inhibits cell growth by upregulating early apoptosis. The expression levels of several key genes were validated. In addition to previously reported genes, some promising genes FEN1 and POLA2, were also be founded. The results demonstrate the complex effects of PARPi treatment on changes in potential genes relevant to PARPi resistance, and provide perspectives for further research on the PARPi resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanyang Li
- Shanghai Lisheng Biotech, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Lisheng Biotech, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiang Tao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xin-Xin Han
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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32
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Psilopatis I, Sykaras AG, Mandrakis G, Vrettou K, Theocharis S. Patient-Derived Organoids: The Beginning of a New Era in Ovarian Cancer Disease Modeling and Drug Sensitivity Testing. Biomedicines 2022; 11:1. [PMID: 36672509 PMCID: PMC9855526 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies. Despite great advances in treatment strategies, therapeutic resistance and the gap between preclinical data and actual clinical efficacy justify the necessity of developing novel models for investigating OC. Organoids represent revolutionary three-dimensional cell culture models, deriving from stem cells and reflecting the primary tissue's biology and pathology. The aim of the current review is to study the current status of mouse- and patient-derived organoids, as well as their potential to model carcinogenesis and perform drug screenings for OC. Herein, we describe the role of organoids in the assessment of high-grade serous OC (HGSOC) cells-of-origin, illustrate their use as promising preclinical OC models and highlight the advantages of organoid technology in terms of disease modelling and drug sensitivity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iason Psilopatis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Gynecology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandros G. Sykaras
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Cytopathology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Mandrakis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kleio Vrettou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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33
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Vázquez-García I, Uhlitz F, Ceglia N, Lim JLP, Wu M, Mohibullah N, Niyazov J, Ruiz AEB, Boehm KM, Bojilova V, Fong CJ, Funnell T, Grewal D, Havasov E, Leung S, Pasha A, Patel DM, Pourmaleki M, Rusk N, Shi H, Vanguri R, Williams MJ, Zhang AW, Broach V, Chi DS, Da Cruz Paula A, Gardner GJ, Kim SH, Lennon M, Long Roche K, Sonoda Y, Zivanovic O, Kundra R, Viale A, Derakhshan FN, Geneslaw L, Issa Bhaloo S, Maroldi A, Nunez R, Pareja F, Stylianou A, Vahdatinia M, Bykov Y, Grisham RN, Liu YL, Lakhman Y, Nikolovski I, Kelly D, Gao J, Schietinger A, Hollmann TJ, Bakhoum SF, Soslow RA, Ellenson LH, Abu-Rustum NR, Aghajanian C, Friedman CF, McPherson A, Weigelt B, Zamarin D, Shah SP. Ovarian cancer mutational processes drive site-specific immune evasion. Nature 2022; 612:778-786. [PMID: 36517593 PMCID: PMC9771812 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is an archetypal cancer of genomic instability1-4 patterned by distinct mutational processes5,6, tumour heterogeneity7-9 and intraperitoneal spread7,8,10. Immunotherapies have had limited efficacy in HGSOC11-13, highlighting an unmet need to assess how mutational processes and the anatomical sites of tumour foci determine the immunological states of the tumour microenvironment. Here we carried out an integrative analysis of whole-genome sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing, digital histopathology and multiplexed immunofluorescence of 160 tumour sites from 42 treatment-naive patients with HGSOC. Homologous recombination-deficient HRD-Dup (BRCA1 mutant-like) and HRD-Del (BRCA2 mutant-like) tumours harboured inflammatory signalling and ongoing immunoediting, reflected in loss of HLA diversity and tumour infiltration with highly differentiated dysfunctional CD8+ T cells. By contrast, foldback-inversion-bearing tumours exhibited elevated immunosuppressive TGFβ signalling and immune exclusion, with predominantly naive/stem-like and memory T cells. Phenotypic state associations were specific to anatomical sites, highlighting compositional, topological and functional differences between adnexal tumours and distal peritoneal foci. Our findings implicate anatomical sites and mutational processes as determinants of evolutionary phenotypic divergence and immune resistance mechanisms in HGSOC. Our study provides a multi-omic cellular phenotype data substrate from which to develop and interpret future personalized immunotherapeutic approaches and early detection research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Vázquez-García
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florian Uhlitz
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Ceglia
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie L P Lim
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Wu
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neeman Mohibullah
- Integrated Genomics Operation, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juliana Niyazov
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arvin Eric B Ruiz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin M Boehm
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Viktoria Bojilova
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher J Fong
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tyler Funnell
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diljot Grewal
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eliyahu Havasov
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samantha Leung
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arfath Pasha
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Druv M Patel
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maryam Pourmaleki
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Rusk
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hongyu Shi
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rami Vanguri
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc J Williams
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allen W Zhang
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vance Broach
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis S Chi
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnaud Da Cruz Paula
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ginger J Gardner
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Lennon
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kara Long Roche
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yukio Sonoda
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oliver Zivanovic
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ritika Kundra
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Agnes Viale
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fatemeh N Derakhshan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luke Geneslaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shirin Issa Bhaloo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Maroldi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rahelly Nunez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fresia Pareja
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthe Stylianou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mahsa Vahdatinia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yonina Bykov
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel N Grisham
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying L Liu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yulia Lakhman
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ines Nikolovski
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Kelly
- Department of Information Systems, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jianjiong Gao
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Schietinger
- Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Travis J Hollmann
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Samuel F Bakhoum
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert A Soslow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lora H Ellenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadeem R Abu-Rustum
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carol Aghajanian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire F Friedman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew McPherson
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sohrab P Shah
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Alshehri S, Pavlovič T, Farsinejad S, Behboodi P, Quan L, Centeno D, Kung D, Rezler M, Lee W, Jasiński P, Dziabaszewska E, Nowak-Markwitz E, Kalyon D, Zaborowski MP, Iwanicki M. Extracellular Matrix Modulates Outgrowth Dynamics in Ovarian Cancer. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200197. [PMID: 36084257 PMCID: PMC9772079 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma (OC) forms outgrowths that extend from the outer surface of an afflicted organ into the peritoneum. OC outgrowth formation is poorly understood due to the limited availability of cell culture models examining the behavior of cells that form outgrowths. Prompted by immunochemical evaluation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in human tissues, laminin and collagen-rich ECM-reconstituted cell culture models amenable to studies of cell clusters that can form outgrowths are developed. It is demonstrated that ECM promotes outgrowth formation in fallopian tube non-ciliated epithelial cells (FNE) expressing mutant p53 and various OC cell lines. Outgrowths are initiated by cells that underwent outward translocation and retained the ability to intercalate into mesothelial cell monolayers. Electron microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and small amplitude oscillatory shear experiments reveal that increased ECM levels led to increased fibrous network thickness and high shear elasticity of the microenvironment. These physical characteristics are associated with outgrowth suppression. The low ECM microenvironment mimicks the viscoelasticity of malignant peritoneal fluid (ascites) and supports cell proliferation, cell translocation, and outgrowth formation. These results highlight the importance of the ECM microenvironment in modulating OC growth and can provide additional insights into the mode of dissemination of primary and recurrent ovarian tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Tonja Pavlovič
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Sadaf Farsinejad
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Panteha Behboodi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Li Quan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Daniel Centeno
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Douglas Kung
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Marta Rezler
- Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Maius, Fredry 10, Poznań, 61-701, Poland
| | - Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Piotr Jasiński
- Department of Pathology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, Poznań, 60-535, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Dziabaszewska
- Department of Pathology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, Poznań, 60-535, Poland
| | - Ewa Nowak-Markwitz
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, Poznań, 60-535, Poland
| | - Dilhan Kalyon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Mikołaj P Zaborowski
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, Poznań, 60-535, Poland
| | - Marcin Iwanicki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
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35
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Integration of CRISPR/Cas9 with artificial intelligence for improved cancer therapeutics. J Transl Med 2022; 20:534. [PMID: 36401282 PMCID: PMC9673220 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene editing has great potential in treating diseases caused by well-characterized molecular alterations. The introduction of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)–based gene-editing tools has substantially improved the precision and efficiency of gene editing. The CRISPR/Cas9 system offers several advantages over the existing gene-editing approaches, such as its ability to target practically any genomic sequence, enabling the rapid development and deployment of novel CRISPR-mediated knock-out/knock-in methods. CRISPR/Cas9 has been widely used to develop cancer models, validate essential genes as druggable targets, study drug-resistance mechanisms, explore gene non-coding areas, and develop biomarkers. CRISPR gene editing can create more-effective chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells that are durable, cost-effective, and more readily available. However, further research is needed to define the CRISPR/Cas9 system’s pros and cons, establish best practices, and determine social and ethical implications. This review summarizes recent CRISPR/Cas9 developments, particularly in cancer research and immunotherapy, and the potential of CRISPR/Cas9-based screening in developing cancer precision medicine and engineering models for targeted cancer therapy, highlighting the existing challenges and future directions. Lastly, we highlight the role of artificial intelligence in refining the CRISPR system's on-target and off-target effects, a critical factor for the broader application in cancer therapeutics.
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36
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Qin T, Fan J, Lu F, Zhang L, Liu C, Xiong Q, Zhao Y, Chen G, Sun C. Harnessing preclinical models for the interrogation of ovarian cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:277. [PMID: 36114548 PMCID: PMC9479310 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02486-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a heterogeneous malignancy with various etiology, histopathology, and biological feature. Despite accumulating understanding of OC in the post-genomic era, the preclinical knowledge still undergoes limited translation from bench to beside, and the prognosis of ovarian cancer has remained dismal over the past 30 years. Henceforth, reliable preclinical model systems are warranted to bridge the gap between laboratory experiments and clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the status quo of ovarian cancer preclinical models which includes conventional cell line models, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), patient-derived organoids (PDOs), patient-derived explants (PDEs), and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). Each model has its own strengths and drawbacks. We focus on the potentials and challenges of using these valuable tools, either alone or in combination, to interrogate critical issues with OC.
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37
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Nam C, Ziman B, Sheth M, Zhao H, Lin DC. Genomic and Epigenomic Characterization of Tumor Organoid Models. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4090. [PMID: 36077628 PMCID: PMC9454968 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor organoid modeling has been recognized as a state-of-the-art system for in vitro research on cancer biology and precision oncology. Organoid culture technologies offer distinctive advantages, including faithful maintenance of physiological and pathological characteristics of human disease, self-organization into three-dimensional multicellular structures, and preservation of genomic and epigenomic landscapes of the originating tumor. These features effectively position organoid modeling between traditional cell line cultures in two dimensions and in vivo animal models as a valid, versatile, and robust system for cancer research. Here, we review recent advances in genomic and epigenomic characterization of tumor organoids and the novel findings obtained, highlight significant progressions achieved in organoid modeling of gene-drug interactions and genotype-phenotype associations, and offer perspectives on future opportunities for organoid modeling in basic and clinical cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - De-Chen Lin
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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38
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Ozmadenci D, Shankara Narayanan JS, Andrew J, Ojalill M, Barrie AM, Jiang S, Iyer S, Chen XL, Rose M, Estrada V, Molinolo A, Bertotto T, Mikulski Z, McHale MC, White RR, Connolly DC, Pachter JA, Kuchroo VK, Stupack DG, Schlaepfer DD. Tumor FAK orchestrates immunosuppression in ovarian cancer via the CD155/TIGIT axis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117065119. [PMID: 35467979 PMCID: PMC9169934 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117065119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a lethal malignancy characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment containing few tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and an insensitivity to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies. Gains in the PTK2 gene encoding focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at Chr8 q24.3 occur in ∼70% of HGSOC tumors, and elevated FAK messenger RNA (mRNA) levels are associated with poor patient survival. Herein, we show that active FAK, phosphorylated at tyrosine-576 within catalytic domain, is significantly increased in late-stage HGSOC tumors. Active FAK costained with CD155, a checkpoint receptor ligand for TIGIT (T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains), in HGSOC tumors and a selective association between FAK and TIGIT checkpoint ligands were supported by patient transcriptomic database analysis. HGSOC tumors with high FAK expression were associated with low CD3 mRNA levels. Accordingly, late-stage tumors showed elevated active FAK staining and significantly lower levels of CD3+ TILs. Using the KMF (Kras, Myc, FAK) syngeneic ovarian tumor model containing spontaneous PTK2 (FAK) gene gains, the effects of tumor intrinsic genetic or oral small molecule FAK inhibitior (FAKi; VS-4718) were evaluated in vivo. Blocking FAK activity decreased tumor burden, suppressed ascites KMF-associated CD155 levels, and increased peritoneal TILs. The combination of FAKi with blocking TIGIT antibody (1B4) maintained elevated TIL levels and reduced TIGIT+ T regulatory cell levels, prolonged host survival, increased CXCL13 levels, and led to the formation of omental tertiary lymphoid structures. Collectively, our studies support FAK and TIGIT targeting as a rationale immunotherapy combination for HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ozmadenci
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Moores University of California San Diego (UCSD) Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | | | - Jacob Andrew
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Moores University of California San Diego (UCSD) Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Marjaana Ojalill
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Moores University of California San Diego (UCSD) Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Allison M. Barrie
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Moores University of California San Diego (UCSD) Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Shulin Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Moores University of California San Diego (UCSD) Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Samhita Iyer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Moores University of California San Diego (UCSD) Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Xiao Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Michael Rose
- Department of Pathology, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Valeria Estrada
- Department of Pathology, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Alfredo Molinolo
- Department of Pathology, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Thomas Bertotto
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Moores University of California San Diego (UCSD) Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Microscopy Core, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Michael C. McHale
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Moores University of California San Diego (UCSD) Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Rebekah R. White
- Department of Surgery, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Denise C. Connolly
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | | | - Vijay K. Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Dwayne G. Stupack
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Moores University of California San Diego (UCSD) Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - David D. Schlaepfer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Moores University of California San Diego (UCSD) Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Clark J, Fotopoulou C, Cunnea P, Krell J. Novel Ex Vivo Models of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: The Future of Biomarker and Therapeutic Research. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837233. [PMID: 35402223 PMCID: PMC8990887 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogenous disease associated with variations in presentation, pathology and prognosis. Advanced EOC is typified by frequent relapse and a historical 5-year survival of less than 30% despite improvements in surgical and systemic treatment. The advent of next generation sequencing has led to notable advances in the field of personalised medicine for many cancer types. Success in achieving cure in advanced EOC has however been limited, although significant prolongation of survival has been demonstrated. Development of novel research platforms is therefore necessary to address the rapidly advancing field of early diagnostics and therapeutics, whilst also acknowledging the significant tumour heterogeneity associated with EOC. Within available tumour models, patient-derived organoids (PDO) and explant tumour slices have demonstrated particular promise as novel ex vivo systems to model different cancer types including ovarian cancer. PDOs are organ specific 3D tumour cultures that can accurately represent the histology and genomics of their native tumour, as well as offer the possibility as models for pharmaceutical drug testing platforms, offering timing advantages and potential use as prospective personalised models to guide clinical decision-making. Such applications could maximise the benefit of drug treatments to patients on an individual level whilst minimising use of less effective, yet toxic, therapies. PDOs are likely to play a greater role in both academic research and drug development in the future and have the potential to revolutionise future patient treatment and clinical trial pathways. Similarly, ex vivo tumour slices or explants have also shown recent renewed promise in their ability to provide a fast, specific, platform for drug testing that accurately represents in vivo tumour response. Tumour explants retain tissue architecture, and thus incorporate the majority of tumour microenvironment making them an attractive method to re-capitulate in vivo conditions, again with significant timing and personalisation of treatment advantages for patients. This review will discuss the current treatment landscape and research models for EOC, their development and new advances towards the discovery of novel biomarkers or combinational therapeutic strategies to increase treatment options for women with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Clark
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Fotopoulou
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,West London Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Cunnea
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Krell
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Experimental models for ovarian cancer research. Exp Cell Res 2022; 416:113150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lu W, Zhang F, Zhong X, Wei J, Xiao H, Tu R. Immune Subtypes Characterization Identifies Clinical Prognosis, Tumor Microenvironment Infiltration, and Immune Response in Ovarian Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:801156. [PMID: 35386298 PMCID: PMC8977982 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.801156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Because of the modest immunotherapeutic response among ovarian carcinoma (OC) patients, it is significant to evaluate antitumor immune response and develop more effective precision immunotherapeutic regimens. Here, this study aimed to determine diverse immune subtypes of OC.Methods: This study curated the expression profiles of prognostic immunologically relevant genes and conducted consensus clustering analyses for determining immune subtypes among OC patients in TCGA cohort. With Boruta algorithm, characteristic genes were screened for conducting an immune scoring system through principal component analysis algorithm. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis and ESTIAMTE methods were adopted for quantifying the immune infiltrates and responses to chemotherapeutic agents were estimated with pRRophetic algorithm. Two immunotherapeutic cohorts were used for investigating the efficacy of immune score in predicting therapeutic benefits.Results: Two immune subtypes were conducted among 377 OC patients. Immune subtype 2 was characterized by worse clinical prognosis, more frequent genetic variations and mutations, enhanced immune infiltrates, and increased expression of MHC molecules and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1). In total, 30 prognosis-relevant characteristic immune subtype–derived genes were identified for constructing the immune score of OC patients. High immune score was linked with more dismal prognosis, decreased immune infiltrations, and expression of MHC molecules. High immune score presented favorable sensitivity to doxorubicin and vinorelbine and reduced sensitivity to cisplatin. In addition, immune score possessed the potential in predicting benefits from anti–PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.Conclusion: Collectively, our findings propose two complex and diverse immune subtypes of OC. Quantitative assessment of immune subtypes in individual patients strengthens the understanding of tumor microenvironment features and promotes more effective immunotherapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Lu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhong
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, China
| | - Jinhua Wei
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, China
| | - Hongyang Xiao
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyang Xiao, ; Ruiqin Tu,
| | - Ruiqin Tu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyang Xiao, ; Ruiqin Tu,
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Oberholtzer N, Quinn KM, Chakraborty P, Mehrotra S. New Developments in T Cell Immunometabolism and Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2022; 11:708. [PMID: 35203357 PMCID: PMC8870179 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite rapid advances in the field of immunotherapy, the elimination of established tumors has not been achieved. Many promising new treatments such as adoptive cell therapy (ACT) fall short, primarily due to the loss of T cell effector function or the failure of long-term T cell persistence. With the availability of new tools and advancements in technology, our understanding of metabolic processes has increased enormously in the last decade. Redundancy in metabolic pathways and overlapping targets that could address the plasticity and heterogenous phenotypes of various T cell subsets have illuminated the need for understanding immunometabolism in the context of multiple disease states, including cancer immunology. Herein, we discuss the developing field of T cell immunometabolism and its crucial relevance to improving immunotherapeutic approaches. This in-depth review details the metabolic pathways and preferences of the antitumor immune system and the state of various metabolism-targeting therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Oberholtzer
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.M.Q.); (P.C.)
| | | | | | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.M.Q.); (P.C.)
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Senescence induction dictates response to chemo- and immunotherapy in preclinical models of ovarian cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2117754119. [PMID: 35082152 PMCID: PMC8812522 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117754119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to understand and find new treatment options for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) have been confounded by a paucity of immune-competent models that accurately reflect the genetics and biology of the disease. Here, we leverage somatic tissue engineering to develop a fast and flexible immune-competent mouse model of HGSOC and reveal mechanistic insights into factors that dictate the response of ovarian tumors to conventional chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade. Our results identify a genotype-dependent therapy-induced senescence program that mediates sensitivity and resistance to first line chemotherapy and point to strategies to harness the senescence program to sensitize ovarian tumors to immune checkpoint blockade. High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is a cancer with dismal prognosis due to the limited effectiveness of existing chemo- and immunotherapies. To elucidate mechanisms mediating sensitivity or resistance to these therapies, we developed a fast and flexible autochthonous mouse model based on somatic introduction of HGSOC-associated genetic alterations into the ovary of immunocompetent mice using tissue electroporation. Tumors arising in these mice recapitulate the metastatic patterns and histological, molecular, and treatment response features of the human disease. By leveraging these models, we show that the ability to undergo senescence underlies the clinically observed increase in sensitivity of homologous recombination (HR)–deficient HGSOC tumors to platinum-based chemotherapy. Further, cGas/STING-mediated activation of a restricted senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) was sufficient to induce immune infiltration and sensitize HR-deficient tumors to immune checkpoint blockade. In sum, our study identifies senescence propensity as a predictor of therapy response and defines a limited SASP profile that appears sufficient to confer added vulnerability to concurrent immunotherapy and, more broadly, provides a blueprint for the implementation of electroporation-based mouse models to reveal mechanisms of oncogenesis and therapy response in HGSOC.
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Francés-Herrero E, Lopez R, Hellström M, de Miguel-Gómez L, Herraiz S, Brännström M, Pellicer A, Cervelló I. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Reprod Update 2022; 28:798-837. [PMID: 35652272 PMCID: PMC9629485 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To provide the optimal milieu for implantation and fetal development, the female reproductive system must orchestrate uterine dynamics with the appropriate hormones produced by the ovaries. Mature oocytes may be fertilized in the fallopian tubes, and the resulting zygote is transported toward the uterus, where it can implant and continue developing. The cervix acts as a physical barrier to protect the fetus throughout pregnancy, and the vagina acts as a birth canal (involving uterine and cervix mechanisms) and facilitates copulation. Fertility can be compromised by pathologies that affect any of these organs or processes, and therefore, being able to accurately model them or restore their function is of paramount importance in applied and translational research. However, innate differences in human and animal model reproductive tracts, and the static nature of 2D cell/tissue culture techniques, necessitate continued research and development of dynamic and more complex in vitro platforms, ex vivo approaches and in vivo therapies to study and support reproductive biology. To meet this need, bioengineering is propelling the research on female reproduction into a new dimension through a wide range of potential applications and preclinical models, and the burgeoning number and variety of studies makes for a rapidly changing state of the field. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review aims to summarize the mounting evidence on bioengineering strategies, platforms and therapies currently available and under development in the context of female reproductive medicine, in order to further understand female reproductive biology and provide new options for fertility restoration. Specifically, techniques used in, or for, the uterus (endometrium and myometrium), ovary, fallopian tubes, cervix and vagina will be discussed. SEARCH METHODS A systematic search of full-text articles available in PubMed and Embase databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published between January 2000 and September 2021. The search terms included: bioengineering, reproduction, artificial, biomaterial, microfluidic, bioprinting, organoid, hydrogel, scaffold, uterus, endometrium, ovary, fallopian tubes, oviduct, cervix, vagina, endometriosis, adenomyosis, uterine fibroids, chlamydia, Asherman’s syndrome, intrauterine adhesions, uterine polyps, polycystic ovary syndrome and primary ovarian insufficiency. Additional studies were identified by manually searching the references of the selected articles and of complementary reviews. Eligibility criteria included original, rigorous and accessible peer-reviewed work, published in English, on female reproductive bioengineering techniques in preclinical (in vitro/in vivo/ex vivo) and/or clinical testing phases. OUTCOMES Out of the 10 390 records identified, 312 studies were included for systematic review. Owing to inconsistencies in the study measurements and designs, the findings were assessed qualitatively rather than by meta-analysis. Hydrogels and scaffolds were commonly applied in various bioengineering-related studies of the female reproductive tract. Emerging technologies, such as organoids and bioprinting, offered personalized diagnoses and alternative treatment options, respectively. Promising microfluidic systems combining various bioengineering approaches have also shown translational value. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The complexity of the molecular, endocrine and tissue-level interactions regulating female reproduction present challenges for bioengineering approaches to replace female reproductive organs. However, interdisciplinary work is providing valuable insight into the physicochemical properties necessary for reproductive biological processes to occur. Defining the landscape of reproductive bioengineering technologies currently available and under development for women can provide alternative models for toxicology/drug testing, ex vivo fertility options, clinical therapies and a basis for future organ regeneration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mats Hellström
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lucía de Miguel-Gómez
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Fundación IVI, IVI-RMA Global, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Herraiz
- Fundación IVI, IVI-RMA Global, Valencia, Spain
- Reproductive Medicine Research Group, IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mats Brännström
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Stockholm IVF-EUGIN, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Pellicer
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- IVI Roma Parioli, IVI-RMA Global, Rome, Italy
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Barr JL, Kruse A, Restaino AC, Tulina N, Stuckelberger S, Vermeer SJ, Williamson CS, Vermeer DW, Madeo M, Stamp J, Bell M, Morgan M, Yoon JY, Mitchell MA, Budina A, Omran DK, Schwartz LE, Drapkin R, Vermeer PD. Intra-Tumoral Nerve-Tracing in a Novel Syngeneic Model of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Cells 2021; 10:3491. [PMID: 34944001 PMCID: PMC8699855 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dense tumor innervation is associated with enhanced cancer progression and poor prognosis. We observed innervation in breast, prostate, pancreatic, lung, liver, ovarian, and colon cancers. Defining innervation in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) was a focus since sensory innervation was observed whereas the normal tissue contains predominantly sympathetic input. The origin, specific nerve type, and the mechanisms promoting innervation and driving nerve-cancer cell communications in ovarian cancer remain largely unknown. The technique of neuro-tracing enhances the study of tumor innervation by offering a means for identification and mapping of nerve sources that may directly and indirectly affect the tumor microenvironment. Here, we establish a murine model of HGSOC and utilize image-guided microinjections of retrograde neuro-tracer to label tumor-infiltrating peripheral neurons, mapping their source and circuitry. We show that regional sensory neurons innervate HGSOC tumors. Interestingly, the axons within the tumor trace back to local dorsal root ganglia as well as jugular-nodose ganglia. Further manipulations of these tumor projecting neurons may define the neuronal contributions in tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and responses to therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L. Barr
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St. North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (J.L.B.); (A.K.); (A.C.R.); (C.S.W.); (D.W.V.); (M.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Allison Kruse
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St. North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (J.L.B.); (A.K.); (A.C.R.); (C.S.W.); (D.W.V.); (M.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Anthony C. Restaino
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St. North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (J.L.B.); (A.K.); (A.C.R.); (C.S.W.); (D.W.V.); (M.M.); (J.S.)
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St., Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Natalia Tulina
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (N.T.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (M.A.M.); (D.K.O.); (R.D.)
| | - Sarah Stuckelberger
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (N.T.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (M.A.M.); (D.K.O.); (R.D.)
| | - Samuel J. Vermeer
- Lincoln High School, 2900 South Cliff Avenue, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA;
| | - Caitlin S. Williamson
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St. North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (J.L.B.); (A.K.); (A.C.R.); (C.S.W.); (D.W.V.); (M.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Daniel W. Vermeer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St. North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (J.L.B.); (A.K.); (A.C.R.); (C.S.W.); (D.W.V.); (M.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Marianna Madeo
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St. North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (J.L.B.); (A.K.); (A.C.R.); (C.S.W.); (D.W.V.); (M.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Jillian Stamp
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St. North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (J.L.B.); (A.K.); (A.C.R.); (C.S.W.); (D.W.V.); (M.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Maria Bell
- Sanford Gynecologic Oncology, Sanford Health, 1309 West 17th St., Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA;
| | - Mark Morgan
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (N.T.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (M.A.M.); (D.K.O.); (R.D.)
| | - Ju-Yoon Yoon
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.-Y.Y.); (A.B.); (L.E.S.)
| | - Marilyn A. Mitchell
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (N.T.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (M.A.M.); (D.K.O.); (R.D.)
| | - Anna Budina
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.-Y.Y.); (A.B.); (L.E.S.)
| | - Dalia K. Omran
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (N.T.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (M.A.M.); (D.K.O.); (R.D.)
| | - Lauren E. Schwartz
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.-Y.Y.); (A.B.); (L.E.S.)
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (N.T.); (S.S.); (M.M.); (M.A.M.); (D.K.O.); (R.D.)
| | - Paola D. Vermeer
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th St. North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (J.L.B.); (A.K.); (A.C.R.); (C.S.W.); (D.W.V.); (M.M.); (J.S.)
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St., Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
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Elkin R, Oh JH, Liu YL, Selenica P, Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS, Zamarin D, Deasy JO, Norton L, Levine AJ, Tannenbaum AR. Geometric network analysis provides prognostic information in patients with high grade serous carcinoma of the ovary treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:99. [PMID: 34819508 PMCID: PMC8613272 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Network analysis methods can potentially quantify cancer aberrations in gene networks without introducing fitted parameters or variable selection. A new network curvature-based method is introduced to provide an integrated measure of variability within cancer gene networks. The method is applied to high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs) to predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and to rank key genes associated with prognosis. Copy number alterations (CNAs) from targeted and whole-exome sequencing data were extracted for HGSOC patients (n = 45) treated with ICIs. CNAs at a gene level were represented on a protein–protein interaction network to define patient-specific networks with a fixed topology. A version of Ollivier–Ricci curvature was used to identify genes that play a potentially key role in response to immunotherapy and further to stratify patients at high risk of mortality. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the time from the start of ICI treatment to either death or last follow-up. Kaplan–Meier analysis with log-rank test was performed to assess OS between the high and low curvature classified groups. The network curvature analysis stratified patients at high risk of mortality with p = 0.00047 in Kaplan–Meier analysis in HGSOC patients receiving ICI. Genes with high curvature were in accordance with CNAs relevant to ovarian cancer. Network curvature using CNAs has the potential to be a novel predictor for OS in HGSOC patients treated with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Elkin
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jung Hun Oh
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ying L Liu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Pier Selenica
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Joseph O Deasy
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Larry Norton
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Allen R Tannenbaum
- Departments of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics & Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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Yang J, Huang S, Cheng S, Jin Y, Zhang N, Wang Y. Application of Ovarian Cancer Organoids in Precision Medicine: Key Challenges and Current Opportunities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:701429. [PMID: 34409036 PMCID: PMC8366314 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.701429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death among gynecologic malignances. Over the past decades, human-derived models have advanced from monolayer cell cultures to three-dimensional (3D) organoids that could faithfully recapitulate biological characteristics and tumor heterogeneity of primary tissues. As a complement of previous studies based on cell lines or xenografts, organoids provide a 3D platform for mutation–carcinogenesis modeling, high-throughput drug screening, genetic engineering, and biobanking, which might fulfill the gap between basic research and clinical practice. Stepwise, cutting-edge bioengineering techniques of organoid-on-a-chip and 3D bioprinting might converge current challenges and contribute to personalized therapy. We comprehensively reviewed the advantages, challenges, and translational potential of OC organoids. Undeniably, organoids represent an excellent near-physiological platform for OC, paving the way for precision medicine implementation. Future efforts will doubtlessly bring this innovative technique from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, China
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48
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Computational modeling of ovarian cancer dynamics suggests optimal strategies for therapy and screening. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026663118. [PMID: 34161278 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026663118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous tubo-ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) is a major cause of cancer-related death. Treatment is not uniform, with some patients undergoing primary debulking surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS) and others being treated directly with chemotherapy and only having surgery after three to four cycles (NACT). Which strategy is optimal remains controversial. We developed a mathematical framework that simulates hierarchical or stochastic models of tumor initiation and reproduces the clinical course of HGSC. After estimating parameter values, we infer that most patients harbor chemoresistant HGSC cells at diagnosis and that, if the tumor burden is not too large and complete debulking can be achieved, PDS is superior to NACT due to better depletion of resistant cells. We further predict that earlier diagnosis of primary HGSC, followed by complete debulking, could improve survival, but its benefit in relapsed patients is likely to be limited. These predictions are supported by primary clinical data from multiple cohorts. Our results have clear implications for these key issues in HGSC management.
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49
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Heremans R, Jan Z, Timmerman D, Vankelecom H. Organoids of the Female Reproductive Tract: Innovative Tools to Study Desired to Unwelcome Processes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:661472. [PMID: 33959613 PMCID: PMC8093793 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.661472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pelviperineal organs of the female reproductive tract form an essential cornerstone of human procreation. The system comprises the ectodermal external genitalia, the Müllerian upper-vaginal, cervical, endometrial and oviductal derivatives, and the endodermal ovaries. Each of these organs presents with a unique course of biological development as well as of malignant degeneration. For many decades, various preclinical in vitro models have been employed to study female reproductive organ (patho-)biology, however, facing important shortcomings of limited expandability, loss of representativeness and inadequate translatability to the clinic. The recent emergence of 3D organoid models has propelled the field forward by generating powerful research tools that in vitro replicate healthy as well as diseased human tissues and are amenable to state-of-the-art experimental interventions. Here, we in detail review organoid modeling of the different female reproductive organs from healthy and tumorigenic backgrounds, and project perspectives for both scientists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Heremans
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- Cluster Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ziga Jan
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- Cluster Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gynecology, Klinikum Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Dirk Timmerman
- Cluster Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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50
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Dholakia J, Scalise C, Arend RC. Assessing Preclinical Research Models for Immunotherapy for Gynecologic Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1694. [PMID: 33918476 PMCID: PMC8038292 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecologic malignancies are increasing in incidence, with a plateau in clinical outcomes necessitating novel treatment options. Immunotherapy and modulation of the tumor microenvironment are rapidly developing fields of interest in gynecologic oncology translational research; examples include the PD-1 (programmed cell death 1) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) axes and the Wnt pathway. However, clinical successes with these agents have been modest and lag behind immunotherapy successes in other malignancies. A thorough contextualization of preclinical models utilized in gynecologic oncology immunotherapy research is necessary in order to effectively and efficiently develop translational medicine. These include murine models, in vitro assays, and three-dimensional human-tissue-based systems. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of preclinical models for immunotherapy in gynecologic malignancies, including benefits and limitations of each, in order to inform study design and translational research models. Improved model design and implementation will optimize preclinical research efficiency and increase the translational value to positive findings, facilitating novel treatments that improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebecca C. Arend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.D.); (C.S.)
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