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Jeffreys N, Brockman JM, Zhai Y, Ingber DE, Mooney DJ. Mechanical forces amplify TCR mechanotransduction in T cell activation and function. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 11:011304. [PMID: 38434676 PMCID: PMC10848667 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell immunotherapies, including engineered T cell receptor (eTCR) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapies, have shown efficacy in treating a subset of hematologic malignancies, exhibit promise in solid tumors, and have many other potential applications, such as in fibrosis, autoimmunity, and regenerative medicine. While immunoengineering has focused on designing biomaterials to present biochemical cues to manipulate T cells ex vivo and in vivo, mechanical cues that regulate their biology have been largely underappreciated. This review highlights the contributions of mechanical force to several receptor-ligand interactions critical to T cell function, with central focus on the TCR-peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex (pMHC). We then emphasize the role of mechanical forces in (i) allosteric strengthening of the TCR-pMHC interaction in amplifying ligand discrimination during T cell antigen recognition prior to activation and (ii) T cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. We then describe approaches to design eTCRs, CARs, and biomaterials to exploit TCR mechanosensitivity in order to potentiate T cell manufacturing and function in adoptive T cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yunhao Zhai
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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2
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Liu L, Chen J, Zhang H, Ye J, Moore C, Lu C, Fang Y, Fu YX, Li B. Concurrent delivery of immune checkpoint blockade modulates T cell dynamics to enhance neoantigen vaccine-generated antitumor immunity. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:437-452. [PMID: 35393580 PMCID: PMC9050907 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neoantigen vaccines aiming to induce tumor-specific T cell responses have achieved promising antitumor effects in early clinical trials. However, the underlying mechanism regarding response or resistance to this treatment is unclear. Here we observe that neoantigen vaccine-generated T cells can synergize with the immune checkpoint blockade for effective tumor control. Specifically, we performed single-cell sequencing on over 100,000 T cells and uncovered that combined therapy induces an antigen-specific CD8 T cell population with active chemokine signaling (Cxcr3+/Ccl5+), lower co-inhibitory receptor expression (Lag3-/Havcr2-) and higher cytotoxicity (Fasl+/Gzma+). Furthermore, generation of neoantigen-specific T cells in the draining lymph node is required for combination treatment. Signature genes of this unique population are associated with T cell clonal frequency and better survival in humans. Our study profiles the dynamics of tumor-infiltrating T cells during neoantigen vaccine and immune checkpoint blockade treatments and high-dimensionally identifies neoantigen-reactive T cell signatures for future development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longchao Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jianfeng Ye
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Casey Moore
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Changzheng Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Bo Li
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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3
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Nano-engineered immune cells as "guided missiles" for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2021; 341:60-79. [PMID: 34785315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells can actively regulate tumors or inflammatory sites and have good biocompatibility and safety. Currently, they are one of the most promising candidates for drug delivery systems. Moreover, immune cells can significantly extend the circulation time of nanoparticles and have broad-spectrum tumor-targeting properties. This article first introduces the immune cell types most commonly used in recent years, analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, and elucidates their application in anti-tumor therapy. Next, the various ways of loading nanoparticles on immune cells that have been used in recent years are summarized and simply divided into two categories: backpacks and Trojan horses. Finally, the two "mountains" that stand in front of us when using immune cells as cell carriers, off-target problems and effective release strategies, are discussed.
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4
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Comprehensive analysis of TCR repertoire in COVID-19 using single cell sequencing. Genomics 2021; 113:456-462. [PMID: 33383142 PMCID: PMC7833309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR) is crucial in T cell-mediated virus clearance. To date, TCR bias has been observed in various diseases. However, studies on the TCR repertoire of COVID-19 patients are lacking. Here, we used single-cell V(D)J sequencing to conduct comparative analyses of TCR repertoire between 12 COVID-19 patients and 6 healthy controls, as well as other virus-infected samples. We observed distinct T cell clonal expansion in COVID-19. Further analysis of VJ gene combination revealed 6 VJ pairs significantly increased, while 139 pairs significantly decreased in COVID-19 patients. When considering the VJ combination of α and β chains at the same time, the combination with the highest frequency on COVID-19 was TRAV12-2-J27-TRBV7-9-J2-3. Besides, preferential usage of V and J gene segments was also observed in samples infected by different viruses. Our study provides novel insights on TCR in COVID-19, which contribute to our understanding of the immune response induced by SARS-CoV-2.
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5
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Gong P, Wang Y, Zhang P, Yang Z, Deng W, Sun Z, Yang M, Li X, Ma G, Deng G, Dong S, Cai L, Jiang W. Immunocyte Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E77. [PMID: 33396603 PMCID: PMC7794746 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances in surface bioconjugation of synthetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery, simple biological functionalization is still insufficient to replicate complex intercellular interactions naturally. Therefore, these foreign nanoparticles are inevitably exposed to the immune system, which results in phagocytosis by the reticuloendothelial system and thus, loss of their biological significance. Immunocyte membranes play a key role in intercellular interactions, and can protect foreign nanomaterials as a natural barrier. Therefore, biomimetic nanotechnology based on cell membranes has developed rapidly in recent years. This paper summarizes the development of immunocyte membrane-coated nanoparticles in the immunotherapy of tumors. We will introduce several immunocyte membrane-coated nanocarriers and review the challenges to their large-scale preparation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (P.Z.); (Z.S.); (G.M.); (G.D.); (L.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2280 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (Y.W.); (Z.Y.); (W.D.); (M.Y.); (X.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2280 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (Y.W.); (Z.Y.); (W.D.); (M.Y.); (X.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (P.Z.); (Z.S.); (G.M.); (G.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2280 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (Y.W.); (Z.Y.); (W.D.); (M.Y.); (X.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Weiye Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2280 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (Y.W.); (Z.Y.); (W.D.); (M.Y.); (X.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (P.Z.); (Z.S.); (G.M.); (G.D.); (L.C.)
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2280 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (Y.W.); (Z.Y.); (W.D.); (M.Y.); (X.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2280 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (Y.W.); (Z.Y.); (W.D.); (M.Y.); (X.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Gongcheng Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (P.Z.); (Z.S.); (G.M.); (G.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Guanjun Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (P.Z.); (Z.S.); (G.M.); (G.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Shiyan Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2280 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (Y.W.); (Z.Y.); (W.D.); (M.Y.); (X.L.); (S.D.)
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; (P.Z.); (Z.S.); (G.M.); (G.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2280 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (Y.W.); (Z.Y.); (W.D.); (M.Y.); (X.L.); (S.D.)
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6
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Acebes-Fernández V, Landeira-Viñuela A, Juanes-Velasco P, Hernández AP, Otazo-Perez A, Manzano-Román R, Gongora R, Fuentes M. Nanomedicine and Onco-Immunotherapy: From the Bench to Bedside to Biomarkers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1274. [PMID: 32610601 PMCID: PMC7407304 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The broad relationship between the immune system and cancer is opening a new hallmark to explore for nanomedicine. Here, all the common and synergy points between both areas are reviewed and described, and the recent approaches which show the progress from the bench to the beside to biomarkers developed in nanomedicine and onco-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Acebes-Fernández
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
| | - Alicia Landeira-Viñuela
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
| | - Pablo Juanes-Velasco
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
| | - Angela-Patricia Hernández
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
| | - Andrea Otazo-Perez
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
| | - Raúl Manzano-Román
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Rafael Gongora
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
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7
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Teck AT, Urban S, Quass P, Nelde A, Schuster H, Letsch A, Busse A, Walz JS, Keilholz U, Ochsenreither S. Cancer testis antigen Cyclin A1 harbors several HLA-A*02:01-restricted T cell epitopes, which are presented and recognized in vivo. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1217-1227. [PMID: 32157447 PMCID: PMC8222032 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin A1 is a promising antigen for T cell therapy being selectively expressed in high-grade ovarian cancer (OC) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stem cells. For adoptive T cell therapy, a single epitope has to be selected, with high affinity to MHC class I and adequate processing and presentation by malignant cells to trigger full activation of specific T cells. In silico prediction with three algorithms indicated 13 peptides of Cyclin A1 9 to 11 amino acids of length to have high affinity to HLA-A*02:01. Ten of them proved to be affine in an HLA stabilization assay using TAP-deficient T2 cells. Their immunogenicity was assessed by repetitive stimulation of CD8+ T cells from two healthy donors with single-peptide-pulsed dendritic cells or monocytes. Intracellular cytokine staining quantified the enrichment of peptide-specific functional T cells. Seven peptides were immunogenic, three of them against both donors. Specific cell lines were cloned and used in killing assays to demonstrate recognition of endogenous Cyclin A1 in the HLA-A*02:01-positive AML cell line THP-1. Immunopeptidome analysis based on direct isolation of HLA-presented peptides by mass spectrometry of primary AML and OC samples identified four naturally presented epitopes of Cyclin A1. The immunopeptidome of HeLa cells transfected with Cyclin A1 and HLA-A*02:01 revealed six Cyclin A1-derived HLA ligands. Epitope p410–420 showed high affinity to HLA-A*02:01 and immunogenicity in both donors. It proved to be naturally presented on primary AML blast and provoked spontaneous functional response of T cells from treatment naïve OC and, therefore, warrants further development for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Tatjana Teck
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Urban
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Quass
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Nelde
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Schuster
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne Letsch
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonia Busse
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Sarah Walz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keilholz
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ochsenreither
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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8
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Rapid selection and identification of functional CD8 + T cell epitopes from large peptide-coding libraries. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4553. [PMID: 31591401 PMCID: PMC6779888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells recognize and eliminate infected or malignant cells that present peptide epitopes derived from intracellularly processed antigens on their surface. However, comprehensive profiling of specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-bound peptide epitopes that are naturally processed and capable of eliciting a functional T cell response has been challenging. Here, we report a method for deep and unbiased T cell epitope profiling, using in vitro co-culture of CD8+ T cells together with target cells transduced with high-complexity, epitope-encoding minigene libraries. Target cells that are subject to cytotoxic attack from T cells in co-culture are isolated prior to apoptosis by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and characterized by sequencing the encoded minigenes. We then validate this highly parallelized method using known murine T cell receptor/peptide-MHC pairs and diverse minigene-encoded epitope libraries. Our data thus suggest that this epitope profiling method allows unambiguous and sensitive identification of naturally processed and MHC-presented peptide epitopes.
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9
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Zumrut HE, Batool S, Argyropoulos KV, Williams N, Azad R, Mallikaratchy PR. Integrating Ligand-Receptor Interactions and In Vitro Evolution for Streamlined Discovery of Artificial Nucleic Acid Ligands. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 17:150-163. [PMID: 31255977 PMCID: PMC6606840 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
To discover DNA ligands against a predetermined receptor protein complex, we introduce a comprehensive version of ligand-guided selection (LIGS). LIGS is, itself, a variant of systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). Herein, we have optimized LIGS to identify higher affinity aptamers with high specificity. In addition, we demonstrate the expandability of LIGS by performing specific aptamer elution at 25°C, utilizing multiple monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against cultured cells and primary cells obtained from human donors expressing the same receptor. Eluted LIGS libraries obtained through Illumina high-throughput (HT) DNA sequencing were analyzed by bioinformatics tools to discover five DNA aptamers with apparent affinities ranging from 3.06 ± 0.485 nM to 325 ± 62.7 nM against the target, T cell receptor-cluster of differentiation epsilon (TCR-CD3ε) expressed on human T cells. The specificity of the aptamers was validated utilizing multiple strategies, including competitive binding analysis and a double-knockout Jurkat cell line generated by CRISPR technology. The cross-competition experiments using labeled and unlabeled aptamers revealed that all five aptamers compete for the same binding site. Collectively, the data in this report introduce a modified LIGS strategy as a universal platform to identify highly specific multiple aptamers toward multi-component receptor proteins in their native state without changing the cell-surface landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan E Zumrut
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, The City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Blvd. West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; PhD Program in Chemistry and Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sana Batool
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, The City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Blvd. West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Kimon V Argyropoulos
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 408 E. 69th St., New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Nicole Williams
- PhD Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Roksana Azad
- PhD Program in Chemistry and Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Prabodhika R Mallikaratchy
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, The City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Blvd. West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; PhD Program in Chemistry and Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; PhD Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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10
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Ong LLS, Zhu H, Banik D, Guan Z, Feng Y, Reinherz EL, Lang MJ, Asada HH. A Robotic Microscope System to Examine T Cell Receptor Acuity Against Tumor Neoantigens: A New Tool for Cancer Immunotherapy Research. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2019.2894466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Schirrmacher V. From chemotherapy to biological therapy: A review of novel concepts to reduce the side effects of systemic cancer treatment (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 54:407-419. [PMID: 30570109 PMCID: PMC6317661 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The side effects of systemic chemotherapy used to treat cancer are often severe. For decades, oncologists have focused on treating the tumor, which may result in damage to the tumor-bearing host and its immune system. Recently, much attention has been paid to the immune system of patients and its activation via biological therapies. Biological therapies, including immunotherapy and oncolytic virus (OV) therapy, are often more physiological and well tolerated. The present review elucidated how these therapies work and why these therapies may be better tolerated: i) In contrast to chemotherapy, immunotherapies induce a memory function of the adaptive immunity system; ii) immunotherapies aim to specifically activate the immune system against cancer; side effects are low due to immune tolerance mechanisms, which maintain the integrity of the body in the presence of B and T lymphocytes with their antigen-receptor specificities and; iii) the type I interferon response, which is evoked by OVs, is an ancient innate immune defense system. Biological and physiological therapies, which support the immune system, may therefore benefit cancer treatment. The present review focused on immunotherapy, with the aim of reducing side effects and increasing long-lasting efficacy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Schirrmacher
- Immunological and Oncological Center Cologne (IOZK), D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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12
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Gan Y, Wang C, Fang Y, Yao Y, Tu X, Wang J, Huang X, Tan Y, Chen T, Zhang K, Shen Y, Zhou L, Liu J, Lai X. Mycobacterium tuberculosis peptide E7/HLA-DRB1 tetramers with different HLA-DR alleles bound CD4 + T cells might share identical CDR3 region. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9903. [PMID: 29967390 PMCID: PMC6028479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human CD4+ T cells play an important role in the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). However, little is known about the spectratyping characteristics of the CD4+ T-cell receptor (TCR) α- and β-chains CDR3 region in tuberculosis (TB) patients. We sorted MTB peptide E7-bound CD4+ T cells by using E7/HLA-DR tetramers constructed with different HLA-DRB1 alleles and extracted the CDR3 amino-acid sequences of TCR α- and β-chains. The results showed that the CDR3 sequences of E7-bound CD4+ T cells were completely or partially identical in a single patient. The sequences of MTB peptide C5-bound CD4+ T cells shared another, and non-peptide bound CD4+ T cells, as well as unbound CD4+ T cells with tetramers were different from each other. Specifically, diverse CDR3 sequences of E7-bound CD4+ T cells displayed similar protein tertiary structure in one TB patient. In summary, the TCR α- and β-chains of CDR3 lineage of CD4+ T cells in TB patients apparently drifted, and the predominant CDR3 sequences of TCR α- and β-chains that recognized the MTB antigen exhibited peptide specificity, and certain HLA-DR restriction was also established. This study elucidates the possible causes and mechanisms of peptide-specific CD4+ T-cell-related presentation against MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Gan
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Tuberculosis Research Institute, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Gangdong Provincial Department of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules from Marine Microorganisms, Gangdong Provincial Research Center for Severe Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Tuberculosis Research Institute, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Gangdong Provincial Department of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules from Marine Microorganisms, Gangdong Provincial Research Center for Severe Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yimin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of China, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, 62 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Yanan Yao
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Tuberculosis Research Institute, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Gangdong Provincial Department of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules from Marine Microorganisms, Gangdong Provincial Research Center for Severe Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxin Tu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Tuberculosis Research Institute, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Gangdong Provincial Department of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules from Marine Microorganisms, Gangdong Provincial Research Center for Severe Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Tuberculosis Research Institute, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Gangdong Provincial Department of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules from Marine Microorganisms, Gangdong Provincial Research Center for Severe Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xi Huang
- China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Tuberculosis Research Institute, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yaoju Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of China, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, 62 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Tuberculosis Control Center of Guangdong Province, 485 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Kouxing Zhang
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yanming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of China, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, 62 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Tuberculosis Control Center of Guangdong Province, 485 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Jianxiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of China, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, 62 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China.
| | - Xiaomin Lai
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Tuberculosis Research Institute, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Gangdong Provincial Department of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules from Marine Microorganisms, Gangdong Provincial Research Center for Severe Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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13
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Abstract
T lymphocytes use surface [Formula: see text] T-cell receptors (TCRs) to recognize peptides bound to MHC molecules (pMHCs) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). How the exquisite specificity of high-avidity T cells is achieved is unknown but essential, given the paucity of foreign pMHC ligands relative to the ubiquitous self-pMHC array on an APC. Using optical traps, we determine physicochemical triggering thresholds based on load and force direction. Strikingly, chemical thresholds in the absence of external load require orders of magnitude higher pMHC numbers than observed physiologically. In contrast, force applied in the shear direction ([Formula: see text]10 pN per TCR molecule) triggers T-cell Ca2+ flux with as few as two pMHC molecules at the interacting surface interface with rapid positional relaxation associated with similarly directed motor-dependent transport via [Formula: see text]8-nm steps, behaviors inconsistent with serial engagement during initial TCR triggering. These synergistic directional forces generated during cell motility are essential for adaptive T-cell immunity against infectious pathogens and cancers.
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14
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Chitadze G, Oberg HH, Wesch D, Kabelitz D. The Ambiguous Role of γδ T Lymphocytes in Antitumor Immunity. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:668-678. [PMID: 28709825 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells play a role in immune surveillance because they recognize stress-induced surface molecules and metabolic intermediates that are frequently dysregulated in transformed cells. Hence, γδ T cells have attracted much interest as effector cells in cell-based immunotherapy. Recently, however, it has been realized that γδ T cells can also promote tumorigenesis through various mechanisms including regulatory activity and IL-17 production. In this review we outline both the pathways involved in cancer cell recognition and killing by γδ T cells as well as current evidence for their protumorigenic activity in various models. Finally, we discuss strategies to improve the tumor reactivity of γδ T cells and to counteract their protumorigenic activities, which should open improved perspectives for their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guranda Chitadze
- Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, Building 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Oberg
- Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, Building 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, Building 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, Building 17, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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15
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Olsen LR, Tongchusak S, Lin H, Reinherz EL, Brusic V, Zhang GL. TANTIGEN: a comprehensive database of tumor T cell antigens. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:731-735. [PMID: 28280852 PMCID: PMC11028736 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-1978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor T cell antigens are both diagnostically and therapeutically valuable molecules. A large number of new peptides are examined as potential tumor epitopes each year, yet there is no infrastructure for storing and accessing the results of these experiments. We have retroactively cataloged more than 1000 tumor peptides from 368 different proteins, and implemented a web-accessible infrastructure for storing and accessing these experimental results. All peptides in TANTIGEN are labeled as one of the four categories: (1) peptides measured in vitro to bind the HLA, but not reported to elicit either in vivo or in vitro T cell response, (2) peptides found to bind the HLA and to elicit an in vitro T cell response, (3) peptides shown to elicit in vivo tumor rejection, and (4) peptides processed and naturally presented as defined by physical detection. In addition to T cell response, we also annotate peptides that are naturally processed HLA binders, e.g., peptides eluted from HLA in mass spectrometry studies. TANTIGEN provides a rich data resource for tumor-associated epitope and neoepitope discovery studies and is freely available at http://cvc.dfci.harvard.edu/tantigen/ or http://projects.met-hilab.org/tadb (mirror).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Rønn Olsen
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Songsak Tongchusak
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord Street, B-616, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ellis L Reinherz
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vladimir Brusic
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- School of Medicine and Bioinformatics Center, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Room 254808 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Guang Lan Zhang
- Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, Metropolitan College, Boston University, Room 254808 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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16
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Bethune MT, Gee MH, Bunse M, Lee MS, Gschweng EH, Pagadala MS, Zhou J, Cheng D, Heath JR, Kohn DB, Kuhns MS, Uckert W, Baltimore D. Domain-swapped T cell receptors improve the safety of TCR gene therapy. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27823582 PMCID: PMC5101000 DOI: 10.7554/elife.19095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells engineered to express a tumor-specific αβ T cell receptor (TCR) mediate anti-tumor immunity. However, mispairing of the therapeutic αβ chains with endogenous αβ chains reduces therapeutic TCR surface expression and generates self-reactive TCRs. We report a general strategy to prevent TCR mispairing: swapping constant domains between the α and β chains of a therapeutic TCR. When paired, domain-swapped (ds)TCRs assemble with CD3, express on the cell surface, and mediate antigen-specific T cell responses. By contrast, dsTCR chains mispaired with endogenous chains cannot properly assemble with CD3 or signal, preventing autoimmunity. We validate this approach in cell-based assays and in a mouse model of TCR gene transfer-induced graft-versus-host disease. We also validate a related approach whereby replacement of αβ TCR domains with corresponding γδ TCR domains yields a functional TCR that does not mispair. This work enables the design of safer TCR gene therapies for cancer immunotherapy. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19095.001 T cells enable the immune system to recognize invading microbes and diseased cells while ignoring healthy cells. The ability of a T cell to recognize a specific microbe or diseased cell is determined by two proteins that pair to form its “T cell receptor.” The paired receptors are exported to the surface of the T cell, where they bind to infected or cancerous cells. Those T cells that produce receptors that bind healthy cells are eliminated during development. T cells can generally distinguish between the body’s own cells and the cells of invading bacteria or other microbes. However, cancer cells are more difficult to identify because they are similar to healthy cells. Efforts to develop therapies that enhance the immune system’s ability to recognize cancer cells have had only limited success. One successful approach – known as T cell receptor gene therapy – modifies T cells to destroy cancer cells by arming them with a cancer-specific T cell receptor. This technique produces T cells possessing two T cell receptors – the cancer-specific receptor and the one it had originally – so it is possible for proteins from the two receptors to mispair. This impedes the correct pairing of the cancer-specific T cell receptor, reducing the effectiveness of the therapy. More importantly, mispaired T cell receptors may cause the immune cells to attack healthy cells in the body, leading to autoimmune disease. To make T cell receptor gene therapy safe, the cancer-specific receptor must not mispair with the resident receptor. Here, Bethune et al. describe a new strategy to prevent T cell receptors from mispairing. The researchers altered the arrangement of particular regions in a cancer-specific T cell receptor to make a new receptor called a domain-swapped T cell receptor (dsTCR). Like normal T cell receptors, the dsTCRs were exported to the T cell surface and were able to interact with other proteins involved in immune responses. Furthermore, T cells armed with dsTCRs were able to kill cancer cells and prevent tumor growth in mice. Unlike other cancer-specific receptors, dsTCRs did not mispair with the resident T cell receptors in mouse or human cells, and did not cause autoimmune disease in mice. The findings of Bethune et al. show that the structure of the T cell receptor is unexpectedly robust, in that it still works even if it is modified. The next step is to study dsTCRs in more detail with the aim of optimizing them so that they might be used in human clinical trials in the future. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.19095.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Bethune
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Marvin H Gee
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Mario Bunse
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark S Lee
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States.,The BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States
| | - Eric H Gschweng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Meghana S Pagadala
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Jing Zhou
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Donghui Cheng
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - James R Heath
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Michael S Kuhns
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States.,The BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, United States
| | - Wolfgang Uckert
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Baltimore
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
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17
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Zumrut HE, Ara MN, Maio GE, Van NA, Batool S, Mallikaratchy PR. Ligand-guided selection of aptamers against T-cell Receptor-cluster of differentiation 3 (TCR-CD3) expressed on Jurkat.E6 cells. Anal Biochem 2016; 512:1-7. [PMID: 27519622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We recently introduced a screening technology termed ligand-guided selection, (LIGS), to selectively identify target-specific aptamers from an evolved cell-SELEX library. Cell-SELEX utilizes a large combinatorial single-stranded oligonucleotide library and progressively selects DNA ligands against whole cells with variable DNA-binding affinities and specificities by repeated rounds of partition and amplification. LIGS exploits the partition step and introduces a secondary, pre-existing high-affinity monoclonal antibody (mAb) ligand to outcompete and elute specific aptamers towards the binding target of the antibody, not the cell. Here, using anti-CD3ε mAb against the cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3ε), as the guiding ligand against one of the domains of the T-cell Receptor (TCR) complex expressed on Jurkat.E6 cells, we discovered three specific aptamers against TCR complex expressed on an immortalized line of human T lymphocyte cells. In sum, we demonstrate that specific aptamers can be identified utilizing an antibody against a single domain of a multidomain protein complex in their endogenous state with neither post- nor pre-SELEX protein manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan E Zumrut
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Blvd. West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mst N Ara
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Blvd. West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - George E Maio
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Blvd. West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Nabeela A Van
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Blvd. West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Sana Batool
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Blvd. West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Prabodhika R Mallikaratchy
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Blvd. West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA; Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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18
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Han KH, Kim KW, Yan JJ, Lee JG, Lee EM, Han M, Cho EJ, Kang SS, Lim HJ, Koo TY, Ahn C, Yang J. Effects of stimulating interleukin -2/anti- interleukin -2 antibody complexes on renal cell carcinoma. BMC Urol 2016; 16:2. [PMID: 26772545 PMCID: PMC4715282 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-016-0121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have low cure rates or significant side effects. It has been reported that complexes composed of interleukin (IL)-2 and stimulating anti-IL-2 antibody (IL-2C) suppress malignant melanoma growth. We investigated whether it could have similar effects on RCC. Methods A syngeneic RCC model was established by subcutaneously injecting RENCA cells into BALB/c mice, which were administered IL-2C or phosphate-buffered saline every other day for 4 weeks. RCC size was measured serially, and its weight was assessed 4 weeks after RENCA injection. Immune cell infiltration into RCC lesions and spleen was assessed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Results IL-2C treatment increased the numbers of CD8+ memory T and natural killer (NK) cells in healthy BALB/c mice (P < 0.01). In the spleen of RCC mice, IL-2C treatment also increased the number of CD8+ memory T, NK cells, and macrophages as compared to PBS-treated controls (P < 0.01). The number of interferon-γ- and IL-10-producing splenocytes increased and decreased, respectively after 4 weeks in the IL-2C-treated mice (P < 0.01). Tumor-infiltrating immune cells including CD4+ T, CD8+ T, NK cells as well as macrophages were increased in IL-2C-treated mice than controls (P < 0.05). Pulmonary edema, the most serious side effect of IL-2 therapy, was not exacerbated by IL-2C treatment. However, IL-2C had insignificant inhibitory effect on RCC growth (P = 0.1756). Conclusions IL-2C enhanced immune response without significant side effects; however, this activity was not sufficient to inhibit RCC growth in a syngeneic, murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Hyun Han
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Won Kim
- Nephrology clinic, Center for Clinical Specialty, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Jing Yan
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Ghi Lee
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Miyeon Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Jin Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Sik Kang
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Jin Lim
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tai Yeon Koo
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
| | - Curie Ahn
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
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