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Zhu Y, Xiang M, Brulois KF, Lazarus NH, Pan J, Butcher EC. Endothelial cell Notch signaling programs cancer-associated fibroblasts to promote tumor immune evasion. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4538031. [PMID: 38947054 PMCID: PMC11213189 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4538031/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Stromal cells within the tumor tissue promote immune evasion as a critical strategy for cancer development and progression, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we explore the role of endothelial cells (ECs) in the regulation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Using mouse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) models, we found that canonical Notch signaling in endothelial cells suppresses the recruitment of antitumor T cells and promotes tumor progression by inhibiting the pro-inflammatory functions of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Abrogation of endothelial Notch signaling modulates EC-derived angiocrine factors to enhance the pro-inflammatory activities of CAFs, which drive CXCL9/10-CXCR3-mediated T cell recruitment to inhibit tumor growth. Additionally, abrogation of endothelial Notch unleashed interferon gamma responses in the tumor microenvironment, upregulated PDL1 expression on tumor cells, and sensitized PDAC to PD1-based immunotherapy. Collectively, these data uncover a pivotal role of endothelial cells in shaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment, and suggest the potential of targeting EC-CAF interaction as a novel therapeutic modality to boost antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Menglan Xiang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kevin F. Brulois
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nicole H. Lazarus
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Junliang Pan
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Eugene C. Butcher
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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2
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Schenkel JM, Pauken KE. Localization, tissue biology and T cell state - implications for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:807-823. [PMID: 37253877 PMCID: PMC11448857 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue localization is a critical determinant of T cell immunity. CD8+ T cells are contact-dependent killers, which requires them to physically be within the tissue of interest to kill peptide-MHC class I-bearing target cells. Following their migration and extravasation into tissues, T cells receive many extrinsic cues from the local microenvironment, and these signals shape T cell differentiation, fate and function. Because major organ systems are variable in their functions and compositions, they apply disparate pressures on T cells to adapt to the local microenvironment. Additional complexity arises in the context of malignant lesions (either primary or metastatic), and this has made understanding the factors that dictate T cell function and longevity in tumours challenging. Moreover, T cell differentiation state influences how cues from the microenvironment are interpreted by tissue-infiltrating T cells, highlighting the importance of T cell state in the context of tissue biology. Here, we review the intertwined nature of T cell differentiation state, location, survival and function, and explain how dysfunctional T cell populations can adopt features of tissue-resident memory T cells to persist in tumours. Finally, we discuss how these factors have shaped responses to cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Schenkel
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Kristen E Pauken
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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3
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Kim DJ, Anandh S, Null JL, Przanowski P, Bhatnagar S, Kumar P, Shelton SE, Grundy EE, Chiappinelli KB, Kamm RD, Barbie DA, Dudley AC. Priming a vascular-selective cytokine response permits CD8 + T-cell entry into tumors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2122. [PMID: 37055433 PMCID: PMC10101959 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) has immunomodulatory and anti-neoplastic activity, especially when paired with cancer immunotherapies. Here we explore the immunoregulatory functions of DNMT1 in the tumor vasculature of female mice. Dnmt1 deletion in endothelial cells (ECs) impairs tumor growth while priming expression of cytokine-driven cell adhesion molecules and chemokines important for CD8+ T-cell trafficking across the vasculature; consequently, the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is enhanced. We find that the proangiogenic factor FGF2 promotes ERK-mediated DNMT1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation to repress transcription of the chemokines Cxcl9/Cxcl10 in ECs. Targeting Dnmt1 in ECs reduces proliferation but augments Th1 chemokine production and extravasation of CD8+ T-cells, suggesting DNMT1 programs immunologically anergic tumor vasculature. Our study is in good accord with preclinical observations that pharmacologically disrupting DNMT1 enhances the activity of ICB but suggests an epigenetic pathway presumed to be targeted in cancer cells is also operative in the tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Joong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Swetha Anandh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jamie L Null
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Piotr Przanowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Sanchita Bhatnagar
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Sarah E Shelton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Erin E Grundy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katherine B Chiappinelli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Cancer Center, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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4
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Melssen MM, Sheybani ND, Leick KM, Slingluff CL. Barriers to immune cell infiltration in tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006401. [PMID: 37072352 PMCID: PMC10124321 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased immune cell infiltration into tumors is associated with improved patient survival and predicts response to immune therapies. Thus, identification of factors that determine the extent of immune infiltration is crucial, so that methods to intervene on these targets can be developed. T cells enter tumor tissues through the vasculature, and under control of interactions between homing receptors on the T cells and homing receptor ligands (HRLs) expressed by tumor vascular endothelium and tumor cell nests. HRLs are often deficient in tumors, and there also may be active barriers to infiltration. These remain understudied but may be crucial for enhancing immune-mediated cancer control. Multiple intratumoral and systemic therapeutic approaches show promise to enhance T cell infiltration, including both approved therapies and experimental therapies. This review highlights the intracellular and extracellular determinants of immune cell infiltration into tumors, barriers to infiltration, and approaches for intervention to enhance infiltration and response to immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit M Melssen
- Immunology, Genetics & Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Natasha D Sheybani
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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5
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Camargo CP, Muhuri AK, Alapan Y, Sestito LF, Khosla M, Manspeaker MP, Smith AS, Paulos CM, Thomas SN. A dhesion analysis via a tumor vasculature-like microfluidic device identifies CD8 + T cells with enhanced tumor homing to improve cell therapy. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112175. [PMID: 36848287 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell recruitment to the tumor microenvironment is critical for the success of adoptive cell therapy (ACT). Unfortunately, only a small fraction of transferred cells home to solid tumors. Adhesive ligand-receptor interactions have been implicated in CD8+ T cell homing; however, there is a lack of understanding of how CD8+ T cells interact with tumor vasculature-expressed adhesive ligands under the influence of hemodynamic flow. Here, the capacity of CD8+ T cells to home to melanomas is modeled ex vivo using an engineered microfluidic device that recapitulates the hemodynamic microenvironment of the tumor vasculature. Adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells with enhanced adhesion in flow in vitro and tumor homing in vivo improve tumor control by ACT in combination with immune checkpoint blockade. These results show that engineered microfluidic devices can model the microenvironment of the tumor vasculature to identify subsets of T cells with enhanced tumor infiltrating capabilities, a key limitation in ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila P Camargo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Abir K Muhuri
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yunus Alapan
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Lauren F Sestito
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Megha Khosla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Margaret P Manspeaker
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Aubrey S Smith
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | - Susan N Thomas
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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6
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CXCR3 Expression Is Associated with Advanced Tumor Stage and Grade Influencing Survival after Surgery of Localised Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041001. [PMID: 36831346 PMCID: PMC9954014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery is the standard treatment in localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Pembrolizumab is now approved for adjuvant therapy in high-risk patients. However, inhomogeneity of studies gives ambiguity which patient benefit most from adjuvant therapy. A high infiltration of CD8+ T cells is known to be linked with poor prognosis in RCC. CXCR3 is a key player of CD8+ T cell differentiation and infiltration. We aimed to evaluate CXCR3 as a potential marker for predicting recurrence. METHODS CXCR3 and immune cell subsets (CD4, CD8, CD68 and FoXP3) were measured on RCC samples by multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) staining. Cellular localization of CXCR3 was evaluated using single-cell RNA analysis on a publicly available dataset. RESULTS Tumor samples of 42 RCC patients were analyzed, from which 59.5% were classified as clear-cell RCC and of which 20 had recurrence. Single-cell RNA analysis revealed that CXCR3 was predominantly expressed in intratumoral T cells and dendritic cells. CXCR3 expression was higher in advanced tumors stages (p = 0.0044) and grade (p = 0.0518), correlating significantly with a higher CD8+ T cell expression (p < 0.001). Patients with CXCR3high RCCs had also a significant shorter RFS compared to CXCR3low (median: 78 vs. 147 months, p = 0.0213). In addition, also tumor stage pT3/4 (p < 0.0001) as well as grade G3/4 (p = 0.0008) negatively influenced RFS. CONCLUSION CXCR3high cell density was associated with high T cell infiltration and advanced tumor stage, worsening RFS in surgically resected RCC patients. Beside its prognostic value, CXCR3 might be a predictive biomarker to guide therapy decision for adjuvant therapy in localized RCC.
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7
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Tran CA, Lynch KT, Meneveau MO, Katyal P, Olson WC, Slingluff CL. Intratumoral IFN-γ or topical TLR7 agonist promotes infiltration of melanoma metastases by T lymphocytes expanded in the blood after cancer vaccine. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e005952. [PMID: 36746511 PMCID: PMC9906378 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-mediated melanoma regression relies on melanoma-reactive T cells infiltrating tumor. Cancer vaccines increase circulating melanoma-reactive T cells, but little is known about vaccine-induced circulating lymphocytes (viCLs) homing to tumor or whether interventions are needed to enhance infiltration. We hypothesized that viCLs infiltrate melanoma metastases, and intratumoral interferon (IFN)-γ or Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonism enhances infiltration. METHODS Patients on two clinical trials (Mel51 (NCT00977145), Mel53 (NCT01264731)) received vaccines containing 12 class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted melanoma peptides (12MP). In Mel51, tumor was injected with IFN-γ on day 22, and biopsied on days 1, 22, and 24. In Mel53, dermal metastases were treated with topical imiquimod, a TLR7 agonist, for 12 weeks, and biopsied on days 1, 22, and 43. For patients with circulating T-cell responses to 12MP by IFN-γ ELISpot assays, DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) pre-vaccination and at peak T-cell response, and from tumor biopsies, which underwent T-cell receptor sequencing. This enabled identification of clonotypes induced in PBMCs post-vaccination (viCLs) and present in tumor post-vaccination, but not pre-vaccination. RESULTS Six patients with T-cell responses post-vaccination (Mel51 n = 4, Mel53 n = 2) were evaluated for viCLs and vaccine-induced tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (viTILs). All six patients had viCLs, five of whom were evaluable for viTILs in tumor post-vaccination alone. Mel51 patients had viTILs identified in day 22 tumors, post-vaccination and before IFN-γ (median = 2, range = 0-24). This increased in day 24 tumors after IFN-γ (median = 30, range = 4-74). Mel53 patients had viTILs identified in day 22 tumors, post-vaccination plus imiquimod (median = 33, range = 2-64). Three of five evaluable patients across both trials had viTILs with vaccination alone. All five had enhancement of viTILs with tumor-directed therapy. viTILs represented 0.0-2.9% of total T cells after vaccination alone, which increased to 0.6-8.7% after tumor-directed therapy. CONCLUSION Cancer vaccines induce expansion of new viCLs, which infiltrate melanoma metastases in some patients. Our findings identify opportunities to combine vaccines with tumor-directed therapies to enhance T-cell infiltration and T cell-mediated tumor control. These combinations hold promise in improving the therapeutic efficacy of antigen-specific therapies for solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Tran
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kevin T Lynch
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Max O Meneveau
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Priya Katyal
- University of Virginia College and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Walter C Olson
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Craig L Slingluff
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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8
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Lindsay RS, Melssen MM, Stasiak K, Annis JL, Woods AN, Rodriguez AB, Brown MG, Engelhard VH. NK cells reduce anergic T cell development in early-stage tumors by promoting myeloid cell maturation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1058894. [PMID: 36531040 PMCID: PMC9755581 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1058894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies of NK cells in tumors have primarily focused on their direct actions towards tumor cells. We evaluated the impact of NK cells on expression of homing receptor ligands on tumor vasculature, intratumoral T cell number and function, and T cell activation in tumor draining lymph node. Methods Using an implantable mouse model of melanoma, T cell responses and homing receptor ligand expression on the vasculature were evaluated with and without NK cells present during the early stages of the tumor response by flow cytometry. Results NK cells in early-stage tumors are one source of IFNγ that augments homing receptor ligand expression. More significantly, NK cell depletion resulted in increased numbers of intratumoral T cells with an anergic phenotype. Anergic T cell development in tumor draining lymph node was associated with increased T-cell receptor signaling but decreased proliferation and effector cell activity, and an incomplete maturation phenotype of antigen presenting cells. These effects of NK depletion were similar to those of blocking CD40L stimulation. Discussion We conclude that an important function of NK cells is to drive proper APC maturation via CD40L during responses to early-stage tumors, reducing development of anergic T cells. The reduced development of anergic T cells resulting in improved tumor control and T cell responses when NK cells were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin S. Lindsay
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Marit M. Melssen
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Katarzyna Stasiak
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jessica L. Annis
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Amber N. Woods
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Anthony B. Rodriguez
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Michael G. Brown
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Victor H. Engelhard
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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9
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Kwak M, Erdag G, Leick KM, Bekiranov S, Engelhard VH, Slingluff CL. Associations of immune cell homing gene signatures and infiltrates of lymphocyte subsets in human melanomas: discordance with CD163 + myeloid cell infiltrates. J Transl Med 2021; 19:371. [PMID: 34454518 PMCID: PMC8403429 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment have prognostic value. In preclinical models, recruitment and infiltration of these cells depends on immune cell homing (ICH) genes such as chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, and integrins. We hypothesized ICH ligands CXCL9-11 and CCL2-5 would be associated with intratumoral T-cells, while CXCL13 would be more associated with B-cell infiltrates. METHODS Samples of human melanoma were submitted for gene expression analysis and immune cells identified by immunohistochemistry. Associations between the two were evaluated with unsupervised hierarchical clustering using correlation matrices from Spearman rank tests. Univariate analysis performed Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS For 119 melanoma specimens, analysis of 78 ICH genes revealed association among genes with nonspecific increase of multiple immune cell subsets: CD45+, CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells, CD20+ B-cells, CD138+ plasma cells, and CD56+ NK-cells. ICH genes most associated with these infiltrates included ITGB2, ITGAL, CCL19, CXCL13, plus receptor/ligand pairs CXCL9 and CXCL10 with CXCR3; CCL4 and CCL5 with CCR5. This top ICH gene expression signature was also associated with genes representing immune-activation and effector function. In contrast, CD163+ M2-macrophages was weakly associated with a different ICH gene signature. CONCLUSION These data do not support our hypothesis that each immune cell subset is uniquely associated with specific ICH genes. Instead, a larger set of ICH genes identifies melanomas with concordant infiltration of B-cell and T-cell lineages, while CD163+ M2-macrophage infiltration suggesting alternate mechanisms for their recruitment. Future studies should explore the extent ICH gene signature contributes to tertiary lymphoid structures or cross-talk between homing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Kwak
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800709, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0709, USA.,Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gulsun Erdag
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800709, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0709, USA
| | - Katie M Leick
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800709, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0709, USA
| | - Stefan Bekiranov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Victor H Engelhard
- Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Craig L Slingluff
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800709, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0709, USA. .,Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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10
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Cavin S, Gkasti A, Faget J, Hao Y, Letovanec I, Reichenbach M, Gonzalez M, Krueger T, Dyson PJ, Meylan E, Perentes JY. Low-dose photodynamic therapy promotes a cytotoxic immunological response in a murine model of pleural mesothelioma. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 58:783-791. [PMID: 32372095 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a deadly disease with limited treatment options. Approaches to enhance patient immunity against MPM have been tested but shown variable results. Previously, we have demonstrated interesting vascular modulating properties of low-dose photodynamic therapy (L-PDT) on MPM. Here, we hypothesized that L-PDT vascular modulation could favour immune cell extravasation in MPM and improve tumour control in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. METHODS First, we assessed the impact of L-PDT on vascular endothelial E-selectin expression, a key molecule for immune cell extravasation, in vitro and in a syngeneic murine model of MPM. Second, we characterized the tumour immune cell infiltrate by 15-colour flow cytometry analysis 2 and 7 days after L-PDT treatment of the murine MPM model. Third, we determined how L-PDT combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-CTLA4 affected tumour growth in a murine MPM model. RESULTS L-PDT significantly enhanced E-selectin expression by endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. This correlated with increased CD8+ T cells and activated antigen-presenting cells (CD11b+ dendritic cells and macrophages) infiltration in MPM. Also, compared to anti-CTLA4 that only affects tumour growth, the combination of L-PDT with anti-CTLA4 caused complete MPM regression in 37.5% of animals. CONCLUSIONS L-PDT enhances E-selectin expression in the MPM endothelium, which favours immune infiltration of tumours. The combination of L-PDT with immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-CTLA4 allows best tumour control and regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Cavin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aspasia Gkasti
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Faget
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yameng Hao
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Igor Letovanec
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Reichenbach
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Gonzalez
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Krueger
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Meylan
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean Y Perentes
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Xie Q, Ding J, Chen Y. Role of CD8 + T lymphocyte cells: Interplay with stromal cells in tumor microenvironment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1365-1378. [PMID: 34221857 PMCID: PMC8245853 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T lymphocytes are pivotal cells in the host response to antitumor immunity. Tumor-driven microenvironments provide the conditions necessary for regulating infiltrating CD8+ T cells in favor of tumor survival, including weakening CD8+ T cell activation, driving tumor cells to impair immune attack, and recruiting other cells to reprogram the immune milieu. Also in tumor microenvironment, stromal cells exert immunosuppressive skills to avoid CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. In this review, we explore the universal function and fate decision of infiltrated CD8+ T cells and highlight their antitumor response within various stromal architectures in the process of confronting neoantigen-specific tumor cells. Thus, this review provides a foundation for the development of antitumor therapy based on CD8+ T lymphocyte manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai HaiHe Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Melssen MM, Lindsay RS, Stasiak K, Rodriguez AB, Briegel AM, Cyranowski S, Rutkowski MR, Conaway MR, Melief CJM, van der Burg SH, Eyo U, Slingluff CL, Engelhard VH. Differential Expression of CD49a and CD49b Determines Localization and Function of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8 + T Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:583-597. [PMID: 33619119 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T-cell infiltration and effector activity in tumors are correlated with better overall survival of patients, suggesting that the ability of T cells to enter and remain in contact with tumor cells supports tumor control. CD8+ T cells express the collagen-binding integrins CD49a and CD49b, but little is known about their function or how their expression is regulated in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we found that tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells initially expressed CD49b, gained CD49a, and then lost CD49b over the course of tumor outgrowth. This differentiation sequence was driven by antigen-independent elements in the TME, although T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation further increased CD49a expression. Expression of exhaustion markers and CD49a associated temporally but not mechanistically. Intratumoral CD49a-expressing CD8+ T cells failed to upregulate TCR-dependent Nur77 expression, whereas CD69 was constitutively expressed, consistent with both a lack of productive antigen engagement and a tissue-resident memory-like phenotype. Imaging T cells in live tumor slices revealed that CD49a increased their motility, especially of those in close proximity to tumor cells, suggesting that it may interfere with T-cell recognition of tumor cells by distracting them from productive engagement, although we were not able to augment productive engagement by short-term CD49a blockade. CD49b also promoted relocalization of T cells at a greater distance from tumor cells. Thus, our results demonstrate that expression of these integrins affects T-cell trafficking and localization in tumors via distinct mechanisms, and suggests a new way in which the TME, and likely collagen, could promote tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit M Melssen
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robin S Lindsay
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Katarzyna Stasiak
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Anthony B Rodriguez
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Amanda M Briegel
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Salwador Cyranowski
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Melanie R Rutkowski
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mark R Conaway
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Cornelis J M Melief
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,ISA Pharmaceutical, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ukpong Eyo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Craig L Slingluff
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Victor H Engelhard
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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13
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Stevens AD, Bullock TNJ. Therapeutic vaccination targeting CD40 and TLR3 controls melanoma growth through existing intratumoral CD8 T cells without new T cell infiltration. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2139-2150. [PMID: 33452626 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02841-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells are potently activated by the synergistic action of CD40 stimulation in conjunction with signaling through toll like receptors, subsequently priming T cells. Cancer vaccines targeting the activation of dendritic cells in this manner show promise in murine models and are being developed for human patients. While the efficacy of vaccines based on CD40 and toll like receptor stimulation has been established, further investigation is needed to understand the mechanism of tumor control and how vaccination alters tumor infiltrating immune cells. In this study we vaccinated mice bearing established murine melanoma tumors with agonistic anti-CD40, polyI:C, and tumor antigen. Vaccination led to increased intratumoral T cell numbers and delayed tumor growth, yet did not require trafficking of T cells from the periphery. Pre-existing intratumoral T cells exhibited an acute burst in proliferation but became less functional in response to vaccination. However, the increased intratumoral T cell numbers yielded increased numbers of effector T cells per tumor. Together, our data indicate that the existing T cell response and intratumoral dendritic cells are critical for vaccination efficacy. It also suggests that circulating T cells responding to vaccination may not be an appropriate biomarker for vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Stevens
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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14
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Nederlof I, Horlings HM, Curtis C, Kok M. A High-Dimensional Window into the Micro-Environment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:316. [PMID: 33467084 PMCID: PMC7830085 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Providing effective personalized immunotherapy for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients requires a detailed understanding of the composition of the tumor microenvironment. Both the tumor cell and non-tumor components of TNBC can exhibit tremendous heterogeneity in individual patients and change over time. Delineating cellular phenotypes and spatial topographies associated with distinct immunological states and the impact of chemotherapy will be necessary to optimally time immunotherapy. The clinical successes in immunotherapy have intensified research on the tumor microenvironment, aided by a plethora of high-dimensional technologies to define cellular phenotypes. These high-dimensional technologies include, but are not limited to, single cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, T cell repertoire analyses, advanced flow cytometry, imaging mass cytometry, and their integration. In this review, we discuss the cellular phenotypes and spatial patterns of the lymphoid-, myeloid-, and stromal cells in the TNBC microenvironment and the potential value of mapping these features onto tumor cell genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Nederlof
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Hugo M. Horlings
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Christina Curtis
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Marleen Kok
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Marcovecchio PM, Zhu YP, Hanna RN, Dinh HQ, Tacke R, Wu R, McArdle S, Reynolds S, Araujo DJ, Ley K, Hedrick CC. Frontline Science: Kindlin-3 is essential for patrolling and phagocytosis functions of nonclassical monocytes during metastatic cancer surveillance. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:883-892. [PMID: 32386455 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4hi0420-098r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonclassical monocytes maintain vascular homeostasis by patrolling the vascular endothelium, responding to inflammatory signals, and scavenging cellular debris. Nonclassical monocytes also prevent metastatic tumor cells from seeding new tissues, but whether the patrolling function of nonclassical monocytes is required for this process is unknown. To answer this question, we utilized an inducible-knockout mouse that exhibits loss of the integrin-adaptor protein Kindlin-3 specifically in nonclassical monocytes. We show that Kindlin-3-deficient nonclassical monocytes are unable to patrol the vascular endothelium in either the lungs or periphery. We also find that Kindlin-3-deficient nonclassical monocytes cannot firmly adhere to, and instead "slip" along, the vascular endothelium. Loss of patrolling activity by nonclassical monocytes was phenocopied by ablation of LFA-1, an integrin-binding partner of Kindlin-3. When B16F10 murine melanoma tumor cells were introduced into Kindlin-3-deficient mice, nonclassical monocytes showed defective patrolling towards tumor cells and failure to ingest tumor particles in vivo. Consequently, we observed a significant, 4-fold increase in lung tumor metastases in mice possessing Kindlin-3-deficient nonclassical monocytes. Thus, we conclude that the patrolling function of nonclassical monocytes is mediated by Kindlin-3 and essential for these cells to maintain vascular endothelial homeostasis and prevent tumor metastasis to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola M Marcovecchio
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.,Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yanfang Peipei Zhu
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Huy Q Dinh
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Runpei Wu
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sara McArdle
- Microscopy Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sophia Reynolds
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniel J Araujo
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Catherine C Hedrick
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.,Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
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16
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Gunderson AJ, Yamazaki T, McCarty K, Fox N, Phillips M, Alice A, Blair T, Whiteford M, O'Brien D, Ahmad R, Kiely MX, Hayman A, Crocenzi T, Gough MJ, Crittenden MR, Young KH. TGFβ suppresses CD8 + T cell expression of CXCR3 and tumor trafficking. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1749. [PMID: 32273499 PMCID: PMC7145847 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is a multipotent immunosuppressive cytokine. TGFβ excludes immune cells from tumors, and TGFβ inhibition improves the efficacy of cytotoxic and immune therapies. Using preclinical colorectal cancer models in cell type-conditional TGFβ receptor I (ALK5) knockout mice, we interrogate this mechanism. Tumor growth delay and radiation response are unchanged in animals with Treg or macrophage-specific ALK5 deletion. However, CD8αCre-ALK5flox/flox (ALK5ΔCD8) mice reject tumors in high proportions, dependent on CD8+ T cells. ALK5ΔCD8 mice have more tumor-infiltrating effector CD8+ T cells, with more cytotoxic capacity. ALK5-deficient CD8+ T cells exhibit increased CXCR3 expression and enhanced migration towards CXCL10. TGFβ reduces CXCR3 expression, and increases binding of Smad2 to the CXCR3 promoter. In vivo CXCR3 blockade partially abrogates the survival advantage of an ALK5ΔCD8 host. These data demonstrate a mechanism of TGFβ immunosuppression through inhibition of CXCR3 in CD8+ T cells, thereby limiting their trafficking into tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Gunderson
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Tomoko Yamazaki
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Kayla McCarty
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Nathaniel Fox
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Michaela Phillips
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Alejandro Alice
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Tiffany Blair
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Mark Whiteford
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
- The Oregon Clinic, Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, 4805 NE Glisan St, Suite 6N60, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - David O'Brien
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
- The Oregon Clinic, Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, 4805 NE Glisan St, Suite 6N60, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Rehan Ahmad
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
- The Oregon Clinic, Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, 4805 NE Glisan St, Suite 6N60, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Maria X Kiely
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
- The Oregon Clinic, Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, 4805 NE Glisan St, Suite 6N60, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Amanda Hayman
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
- The Oregon Clinic, Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, 4805 NE Glisan St, Suite 6N60, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Todd Crocenzi
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Michael J Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Marka R Crittenden
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
- The Oregon Clinic, Radiation Oncology Division, 4805 NE Glisan St, G level, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Kristina H Young
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA.
- The Oregon Clinic, Radiation Oncology Division, 4805 NE Glisan St, G level, Portland, OR, 97213, USA.
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17
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Bhuniya A, Guha I, Ganguly N, Saha A, Dasgupta S, Nandi P, Das A, Ghosh S, Ghosh T, Haque E, Banerjee S, Bose A, Baral R. NLGP Attenuates Murine Melanoma and Carcinoma Metastasis by Modulating Cytotoxic CD8 + T Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:201. [PMID: 32211313 PMCID: PMC7076076 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neem leaf glycoprotein (NLGP), a natural immunomodulator, attenuates murine carcinoma and melanoma metastasis, independent of primary tumor growth and alterations in basic cellular properties (cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, etc.). Colonization event of invasion–metastasis cascade was primarily inhibited by NLGP, with no effect on metastasis-related invasion, migration, and extravasation. High infiltration of interferon γ (IFN-γ)–secreting cytotoxic CD8+ T cells [CD44+, CD69+, GranB+, IFN-γ+, and interleukin 2+] was documented in the metastatic site of NLGP-treated mice. Systemic CD8+ T cell depletion abolished NLGP-mediated metastasis inhibition and reappeared upon adoptive transfer of NLGP-activated CD8+ T cells. Interferon γ-secreting from CD8+ T cells inhibit the expression of angiogenesis regulatory vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor β and have an impact on the prevention of colonization. Neem leaf glycoprotein modulates dendritic cells (DCs) for proper antigen presentation by its DC surface binding and upregulation of MHC-I/II, CD86, and CCR7. Neem leaf glycoprotein–treated DCs specifically imprint CXCR3 and CCR4 homing receptors on activated CD8+ T cells, which helps to infiltrate into metastatic sites to restrain colonization. Such NLGP's effect on DCs is translation dependent and transcription independent. Studies using ovalbumin, OVA257−264, and crude B16F10 antigen indicate MHC-I upregulation depends on the quantity of proteasome degradable peptide and only stimulates CD8+ T cells in the presence of antigen. Overall data suggest NLGP inhibits metastasis, in conjunction with tumor growth restriction, and thus might appear as a promising next-generation cancer immunotherapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Bhuniya
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Ipsita Guha
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Nilanjan Ganguly
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Akata Saha
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Shayani Dasgupta
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Partha Nandi
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Arnab Das
- RNA Biology and Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sarbari Ghosh
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Tithi Ghosh
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Enamul Haque
- Department of Zoology, Barasat Government College, Barasat, India
| | - Saptak Banerjee
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anamika Bose
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Rathindranath Baral
- Department of Immunoregulation and Immunodiagnostics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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18
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Weishaupt C, Steinert M, Brunner G, Schulze HJ, Fuhlbrigge RC, Goerge T, Loser K. Activation of human vascular endothelium in melanoma metastases induces ICAM-1 and E-selectin expression and results in increased infiltration with effector lymphocytes. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:1258-1269. [PMID: 31444891 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytic infiltration into melanoma tissue is an important prerequisite for effective antitumoral immunity. However, analysis of human metastatic melanoma has shown that leucocyte adhesion receptor expression on melanoma blood vessels is very low or absent, thereby impairing the entry of cytotoxic lymphocytes into tumor tissue. We hypothesized that adhesion molecules can be induced on melanoma vasculature allowing better infiltration of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining indicated that the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 (CD54) and E-selectin (CD62E) can be significantly induced by intralesional application of TNF alpha in tissue from human melanoma metastases either in vitro or in vivo when grafted onto immunodeficient NSG (NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ) mice that preserved human vessels. Furthermore, activated human autologous CD3+ lymphocytes were injected intravenously into mice bearing melanoma xenografts treated with TNF-α or PBS in addition to the leucocyte chemoattractant TARC (CCL17). Significantly increased numbers of CD8+ cells were detected in TNF-α-treated melanoma metastases compared with PBS-treated controls. In addition, tumor cell apoptosis was enhanced and melanoma cell proliferation reduced as shown by TUNEL assay and KI-67 staining. We conclude that adhesion molecules can be induced on human melanoma vasculature resulting in significantly improved homing of activated autologous cytotoxic T cells to melanoma tissue and inhibition of melanoma cell proliferation. These observations should be considered when designing protocols for immunotherapy of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Weishaupt
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Meike Steinert
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Brunner
- Department of Cancer Research, Fachklinik Hornheide, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Robert C Fuhlbrigge
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias Goerge
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Karin Loser
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,CRC1009, CRC-TR128 and Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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19
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Schulz M, Salamero-Boix A, Niesel K, Alekseeva T, Sevenich L. Microenvironmental Regulation of Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Response in Brain Metastasis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1713. [PMID: 31396225 PMCID: PMC6667643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular and non-cellular components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) are emerging as key regulators of primary tumor progression, organ-specific metastasis, and therapeutic response. In the era of TME-targeted- and immunotherapies, cancer-associated inflammation has gained increasing attention. In this regard, the brain represents a unique and highly specialized organ. It has long been regarded as an immunological sanctuary site where the presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) restricts the entry of immune cells from the periphery. Consequently, tumor cells that metastasize to the brain were thought to be shielded from systemic immune surveillance and destruction. However, the detailed characterization of the immune landscape within border-associated areas of the central nervous system (CNS), such as the meninges and the choroid plexus, as well as the discovery of lymphatics and channels that connect the CNS with the periphery, have recently challenged the dogma of the immune privileged status of the brain. Moreover, the presence of brain metastases (BrM) disrupts the integrity of the BBB and BCB. Indeed, BrM induce the recruitment of different immune cells from the myeloid and lymphoid lineage to the CNS. Blood-borne immune cells together with brain-resident cell-types, such as astrocytes, microglia, and neurons, form a highly complex and dynamic TME that affects tumor cell survival and modulates the mode of immune responses that are elicited by brain metastatic tumor cells. In this review, we will summarize recent findings on heterotypic interactions within the brain metastatic TME and highlight specific functions of brain-resident and recruited cells at different rate-limiting steps of the metastatic cascade. Based on the insight from recent studies, we will discuss new opportunities and challenges for TME-targeted and immunotherapies for BrM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schulz
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany.,Biological Sciences, Faculty 15, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anna Salamero-Boix
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katja Niesel
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tijna Alekseeva
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Sevenich
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Patterns of immune-cell infiltration in murine models of melanoma: roles of antigen and tissue site in creating inflamed tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1121-1132. [PMID: 31134297 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune-cell infiltration is associated with improved survival in melanoma. Human melanoma metastases may be grouped into immunotypes representing patterns of immune-cell infiltration: A (sparse), B (perivascular cuffing), and C (diffuse). Immunotypes have not been defined for murine melanomas, but may provide opportunities to understand mechanism-driving immunotype differences. We performed immunohistochemistry with immune-cell enumeration, immunotyping, and vascular density scoring in genetically engineered (Braf/Pten and Braf/Pten/β-catenin) and transplantable (B16-F1, B16-OVA, and B16-AAD) murine melanomas. The transplantable tumors were grown in subcutaneous (s.c.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) locations. Braf/Pten and Braf/Pten/β-catenin tumors had low immune-cell densities, defining them as Immunotype A, as did B16-F1 tumors. B16-OVA (s.c. and i.p.) and B16-AAD s.c. tumors were Immunotype B, while B16-AAD i.p. tumors were primarily Immunotype C. Interestingly, the i.p. location was characterized by higher immune-cell counts in B16-OVA tumors, with counts that trended higher for B16-F1 and B16-AAD. The i.p. location was also characterized by higher vascularity in B16-F1 and B16-AAD tumors. These findings demonstrate that spontaneously mutated neoantigens in B16 melanomas were insufficient to induce robust intratumoral immune-cell infiltrates, but instead were Immunotype A tumors. The addition of model neoantigens (OVA or AAD) to B16 enhanced infiltration, but this most often resulted in Immunotype B. We find that tumor location may be an important element in enabling Immunotype C tumors. In aggregate, these data suggest important roles both for the antigen type and for the tumor location in defining immunotypes.
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21
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Sackstein R. The First Step in Adoptive Cell Immunotherapeutics: Assuring Cell Delivery via Glycoengineering. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3084. [PMID: 30687313 PMCID: PMC6336727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of intensive attention directed to creation of genetically altered cells (e.g., as in development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells) and/or to achieve requisite in vitro accumulation of desired immunologic effectors (e.g., elaboration of virus-specific T cells, expansion of NK cells, differentiation of dendritic cells, isolation, and propagation of Tregs, etc.), there has been essentially no interest in the most fundamental of all hurdles: assuring tissue-specific delivery of administered therapeutic cells to sites where they are needed. With regards to use of CAR T-cells, the absence of information on the efficacy of cell delivery is striking, especially in light of the clear association between administered cell dose and adverse events, and the obvious fact that pertinent cell acquisition/expansion costs would be dramatically curtailed with more efficient delivery of the administered cell bolus. Herein, based on information garnered from studies of human leukocytes and adult stem cells, the logic underlying the use of cell surface glycoengineering to enforce E-selectin ligand expression will be conveyed in the context of how this approach offers strategies to enhance delivery of CAR T-cells to marrow and to tumor beds. This application of glycoscience principles and techniques with intention to optimize cell therapeutics is a prime example of the emerging field of “translational glycobiology.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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22
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Li H, Huang SY, Shi FH, Gu ZC, Zhang SG, Wei JF. α 4β 7 integrin inhibitors: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:903-917. [PMID: 30444683 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1549227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The α4β7 integrin is heterodimeric cell surface receptors expressed on most leukocytes. Mucosal addressing cell adhesion molecule 1(MAdCAM-1) is an exclusive ligand for α4β7 integrin. Areas covered: This article will highlight the progress that has been made in the discovery and development of α4β7 integrin inhibitors, and their use in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis, asthma, hepatic disorders, human immunodeficiency virus, allergic conjunctivitis and type 1 diabetes. Expert opinion: α4β7 integrin inhibitors have attracted much interest for their clinical implication. Natalizumab and Vedolizumab are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) successfully utilized clinically. Natalizumab is a mAbs of α4-subunit blocking both α4β1 and α4β7 integrin. Vedolizumab selectively targets the α4β7 integrin. Several mAbs are still in the process of research and development. Among these mAbs, etrolizumab selectively against the β7-subunit and AMG-181 specifically against the α4β7 integrin are the most promising anti-α4β7 integrin antibodies. Despite the unclear development stage of TR-14035 and R411, several low molecular compounds show bright future of further development, such as AJM300 and CDP323. In addition, results from laboratory data show that peptide inhibitors, such as peptide X, are effective α4β7 integrin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- a Department of Pharmacy , Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Shi-Ying Huang
- a Department of Pharmacy , Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Fang-Hong Shi
- b Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital , School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Zhi-Chun Gu
- b Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital , School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Shun-Guo Zhang
- a Department of Pharmacy , Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- c Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology , Τhe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
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23
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The clinical role of the TME in solid cancer. Br J Cancer 2018; 120:45-53. [PMID: 30413828 PMCID: PMC6325164 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly complex and heterogenous ecosystem of a tumour not only contains malignant cells, but also interacting cells from the host such as endothelial cells, stromal fibroblasts, and a variety of immune cells that control tumour growth and invasion. It is well established that anti-tumour immunity is a critical hurdle that must be overcome for tumours to initiate, grow and spread and that anti-tumour immunity can be modulated using current immunotherapies to achieve meaningful anti-tumour clinical responses. Pioneering studies in melanoma, ovarian and colorectal cancer have demonstrated that certain features of the tumour immune microenvironment (TME)-in particular, the degree of tumour infiltration by cytotoxic T cells-can predict a patient's clinical outcome. More recently, studies in renal cell cancer have highlighted the importance of assessing the phenotype of the infiltrating T cells to predict early relapse. Furthermore, intricate interactions with non-immune cellular players such as endothelial cells and fibroblasts modulate the clinical impact of immune cells in the TME. Here, we review the critical components of the TME in solid tumours and how they shape the immune cell contexture, and we summarise numerous studies evaluating its clinical significance from a prognostic and theranostic perspective.
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Melssen MM, Olson W, Wages NA, Capaldo BJ, Mauldin IS, Mahmutovic A, Hutchison C, Melief CJM, Bullock TN, Engelhard VH, Slingluff CL. Formation and phenotypic characterization of CD49a, CD49b and CD103 expressing CD8 T cell populations in human metastatic melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1490855. [PMID: 30288359 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1490855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins α1β1 (CD49a), α2β1 (CD49b) and αEβ7 (CD103) mediate retention of lymphocytes in peripheral tissues, and their expression is upregulated on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) compared to circulating lymphocytes. Little is known about what induces expression of these retention integrins (RI) nor whether RI define subsets in the tumor microenvironment (TME) with a specific phenotype. Human metastatic melanoma-derived CD8 TIL could be grouped into five subpopulations based on RI expression patterns: RIneg, CD49a+ only, CD49a+CD49b+, CD49a+CD103+, or positive for all three RI. A significantly larger fraction of the CD49a+ only subpopulation expressed multiple effector cytokines, whereas CD49a+CD103+ and CD49a+CD49b+ cells expressed IFNγ only. RIneg and CD49a+CD49b+CD103+ CD8 TIL subsets expressed significantly less effector cytokines overall. Interestingly, however, CD49a+CD49b+CD103+ CD8 expressed lowest CD127, and highest levels of perforin and exhaustion markers PD-1 and Tim3, suggesting selective exhaustion rather than conversion to memory. To gain insight into RI expression induction, normal donor PBMC were cultured with T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and/or cytokines. TCR stimulation alone induced two RI+ cell populations: CD49a single positive and CD49a+CD49b+ cells. TNFα and IL-2 each were capable of inducing these populations. Addition of TGFβ to TCR stimulation generated two additional populations; CD49a+CD49bnegCD103+ and CD49a+CD49b+CD103+. Taken together, our findings identify opportunities to modulate RI expression in the TME by cytokine therapies and to generate subsets with a specific RI repertoire in the interest of augmenting immune therapies for cancer or for modulating other immune-related diseases such as autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit M Melssen
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA.,Beirne Carter Center of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Walter Olson
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Nolan A Wages
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Brian J Capaldo
- Flow Core Cytometry Facility, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ileana S Mauldin
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Adela Mahmutovic
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Ciara Hutchison
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | | | - Timothy N Bullock
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Victor H Engelhard
- Beirne Carter Center of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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25
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Akeus P, Szeponik L, Ahlmanner F, Sundström P, Alsén S, Gustavsson B, Sparwasser T, Raghavan S, Quiding-Järbrink M. Regulatory T cells control endothelial chemokine production and migration of T cells into intestinal tumors of APC min/+ mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1067-1077. [PMID: 29671006 PMCID: PMC6006230 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are crucial for anti-tumor immunity. We have previously shown that regulatory T cells (Treg) are able to reduce T-cell transendothelial migration in vitro and accumulation of effector T cells in intestinal tumors in vivo. Treg depletion also resulted in increased levels of the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 specifically in the tumors. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms for Treg mediated suppression of T-cell migration into intestinal tumors in the APCmin/+ mouse model. By breeding APCmin/+ mice with DEREG mice, which harbour a high affinity diphtheria toxin receptor under the control of the FOXP3 promoter, we were able to deplete Treg in tumor-bearing mice. Using adoptive transfer experiments, we could document a markedly increased migration of T cells specifically into Treg depleted tumors, and that Treg depletion results in increased production of the CXCR3 ligand CXCL10 from endothelial cells in the tumors. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that T cells use CXCR3 to migrate into intestinal tumors. In addition, human colon adenocarcinomas express high levels of mRNA CXCR3 ligands and tumor endothelial cells produce CXCL9 and CXCL10 ex vivo. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Treg reduce endothelial CXCL10 production, inhibit T-cell migration into tumors and that CXCR3 mediated signalling is crucial for lymphocyte accumulation in intestinal tumors. Thus, immunotherapy aimed at Treg depletion may be effective by increasing not only T effector cell activity, but also their accumulation in tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Animals
- Cell Movement
- Chemokine CXCL9/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Intestinal Neoplasms/immunology
- Intestinal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Intestinal Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Akeus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Louis Szeponik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Filip Ahlmanner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrik Sundström
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Samuel Alsén
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Gustavsson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Institute of Infection Immunology, Twincore, Hanover, Germany
| | - Sukanya Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marianne Quiding-Järbrink
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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26
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Engelhard VH, Rodriguez AB, Mauldin IS, Woods AN, Peske JD, Slingluff CL. Immune Cell Infiltration and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures as Determinants of Antitumor Immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:432-442. [PMID: 29311385 PMCID: PMC5777336 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Limited representation of intratumoral immune cells is a major barrier to tumor control. However, simply enhancing immune responses in tumor-draining lymph nodes or through adoptive transfer may not overcome the limited ability of tumor vasculature to support effector infiltration. An alternative is to promote a sustained immune response intratumorally. This idea has gained traction with the observation that many tumors are associated with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), which organizationally resemble lymph nodes. These peri- and intratumoral structures are usually, but not always, associated with positive prognoses in patients. Preclinical and clinical data support a role for TLS in modulating immunity in the tumor microenvironment. However, there appear to be varied functions of TLS, potentially based on their structure or location in relation to the tumor or the origin or location of the tumor itself. Understanding more about TLS development, composition, and function may offer new therapeutic opportunities to modulate antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Engelhard
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - Anthony B Rodriguez
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - Ileana S Mauldin
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Amber N Woods
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - J David Peske
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - Craig L Slingluff
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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