1
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Zebley CC, Zehn D, Gottschalk S, Chi H. T cell dysfunction and therapeutic intervention in cancer. Nat Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41590-024-01896-9. [PMID: 39025962 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in immunotherapy have affirmed the curative potential of T cell-based approaches for treating relapsed and refractory cancers. However, the therapeutic efficacy is limited in part owing to the ability of cancers to evade immunosurveillance and adapt to immunological pressure. In this Review, we provide a brief overview of cancer-mediated immunosuppressive mechanisms with a specific focus on the repression of the surveillance and effector function of T cells. We discuss CD8+ T cell exhaustion and functional heterogeneity and describe strategies for targeting the molecular checkpoints that restrict T cell differentiation and effector function to bolster immunotherapeutic effects. We also delineate the emerging contributions of the tumor microenvironment to T cell metabolism and conclude by highlighting discovery-based approaches for developing future cellular therapies. Continued exploration of T cell biology and engineering hold great promise for advancing therapeutic interventions for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C Zebley
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan and Center for Infection Prevention (ZIP), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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2
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Wright QG, Sinha D, Wells JW, Frazer IH, Gonzalez Cruz JL, Leggatt GR. Peritumoral administration of immunomodulatory antibodies as a triple combination suppresses skin tumor growth without systemic toxicity. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e007960. [PMID: 38296598 PMCID: PMC10831460 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cancers, particularly keratinocyte cancers, are the most commonly diagnosed tumors. Although surgery is often effective in early-stage disease, skin tumors are not always easily accessible, can reoccur and have the ability to metastasize. More recently, immunotherapies, including intravenously administered checkpoint inhibitors, have been shown to control some skin cancers, but with off-target toxicities when used in combination. Our study investigated whether peritumoral administration of an antibody combination targeting PD-1, 4-1BB (CD137) and VISTA might control skin tumors and lead to circulating antitumor immunity without off-target toxicity. METHODS The efficacy of combination immunotherapy administered peritumorally or intravenously was tested using transplantable tumor models injected into mouse ears (primary tumors) or subcutaneously in flank skin (secondary tumors). Changes to the tumor microenvironment were tracked using flow cytometry while tumor-specific, CD8 T cells were identified through enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays. Off-target toxicity of the combination immunotherapy was assessed via serum alanine aminotransferase ELISA and histological analysis of liver sections. RESULTS The data showed that local administration of antibody therapy eliminated syngeneic murine tumors transplanted in the ear skin at a lower dose than required intravenously, and without measured hepatic toxicity. Tumor elimination was dependent on CD8 T cells and was associated with an increased percentage of CD8 T cells expressing granzyme B, KLRG1 and Eomes, and a decreased population of CD4 T cells including CD4+FoxP3+ cells in the treated tumor microenvironment. Importantly, untreated, distal tumors regressed following antibody treatment of a primary tumor, and immune memory prevented growth of subcutaneous flank tumors administered 50 days after regression of a primary tumor. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data suggest that peritumoral immunotherapy for skin tumors offers advantages over conventional intravenous delivery, allowing antibody dose sparing, improved safety and inducing long-term systemic memory. Future clinical trials of immunotherapy for primary skin cancer should focus on peritumoral delivery of combinations of immune checkpoint antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin G Wright
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Debottam Sinha
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James W Wells
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian H Frazer
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Cameron CM, Richardson B, Golden JB, Phoon YP, Tamilselvan B, Pfannenstiel L, Thapaliya S, Roversi G, Gao XH, Zagore LL, Cameron MJ, Gastman BR. A transcriptional evaluation of the melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma TIL compartment reveals an unexpected spectrum of exhausted and functional T cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1200387. [PMID: 38023136 PMCID: PMC10643547 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1200387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Significant heterogeneity exists within the tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cell population, and exhausted T cells harbor a subpopulation that may be replicating and may retain signatures of activation, with potential functional consequences in tumor progression. Dysfunctional immunity in the tumor microenvironment is associated with poor cancer outcomes, making exploration of these exhausted T cell subpopulations critical to the improvement of therapeutic approaches. Methods To investigate mechanisms associated with terminally exhausted T cells, we sorted and performed transcriptional profiling of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) co-expressing the exhaustion markers PD-1 and TIM-3 from large-volume melanoma tumors. We additionally performed immunologic phenotyping and functional validation, including at the single-cell level, to identify potential mechanisms that underlie their dysfunctional phenotype. Results We identified novel dysregulated pathways in CD8+PD-1+TIM-3+ cells that have not been well studied in TILs; these include bile acid and peroxisome pathway-related metabolism and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, which are highly correlated with immune checkpoint receptor expression. Discussion Based on bioinformatic integration of immunophenotypic data and network analysis, we propose unexpected targets for therapies to rescue the immune response to tumors in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl M. Cameron
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Brian Richardson
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jackelyn B. Golden
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Yee Peng Phoon
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Banumathi Tamilselvan
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Lukas Pfannenstiel
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Samjhana Thapaliya
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Gustavo Roversi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Xing-Huang Gao
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Leah L. Zagore
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mark J. Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Brian R. Gastman
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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4
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Larionova I, Tashireva L. Immune gene signatures as prognostic criteria for cancer patients. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231189436. [PMID: 37547445 PMCID: PMC10399276 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231189436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the possibility of using immune gene signatures (IGSs) has been considered as a novel prognostic tool for numerous cancer types. State-of-the-art methods of genomic, transcriptomic, and protein analysis have allowed the identification of a number of immune signatures correlated to disease outcome. The major adaptive and innate immune components are the T lymphocytes and macrophages, respectively. Herein, we collected essential data on IGSs consisting of subsets of T cells and tumor-associated macrophages and indicating cancer patient outcomes. We discuss factors that can introduce errors in the recognition of immune cell types and explain why the significance of immune signatures can be interpreted with uncertainty. The unidirectional functions of cell types should be entirely addressed in the signatures constructed by the combination of innate and adaptive immune cells. The state of the antitumor immune response is the key basis for IGSs and should be considered in gene signature construction. We also analyzed immune signatures for the prediction of immunotherapy response. Finally, we attempted to explain the present-day limitations in the use of immune signatures as robust criteria for prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Larionova
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina Av., Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy of Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Liubov Tashireva
- Laboratory of Molecular Therapy of Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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5
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Vignali PDA, DePeaux K, Watson MJ, Ye C, Ford BR, Lontos K, McGaa NK, Scharping NE, Menk AV, Robson SC, Poholek AC, Rivadeneira DB, Delgoffe GM. Hypoxia drives CD39-dependent suppressor function in exhausted T cells to limit antitumor immunity. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:267-279. [PMID: 36543958 PMCID: PMC10402660 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are critical for elimination of cancer cells. Factors within the tumor microenvironment (TME) can drive these cells to a hypofunctional state known as exhaustion. The most terminally exhausted T (tTex) cells are resistant to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy and might instead limit immunotherapeutic efficacy. Here we show that intratumoral CD8+ tTex cells possess transcriptional features of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and are similarly capable of directly suppressing T cell proliferation ex vivo. tTex cell suppression requires CD39, which generates immunosuppressive adenosine. Restricted deletion of CD39 in endogenous CD8+ T cells resulted in slowed tumor progression, improved immunotherapy responsiveness and enhanced infiltration of transferred tumor-specific T cells. CD39 is induced on tTex cells by tumor hypoxia, thus mitigation of hypoxia limits tTex suppression. Together, these data suggest tTex cells are an important regulatory population in cancer and strategies to limit their generation, reprogram their immunosuppressive state or remove them from the TME might potentiate immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo D A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kristin DePeaux
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - McLane J Watson
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chenxian Ye
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - B Rhodes Ford
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Konstantinos Lontos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicole K McGaa
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicole E Scharping
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashley V Menk
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda C Poholek
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dayana B Rivadeneira
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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6
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Budhwani KI, Patel ZH, Guenter RE, Charania AA. A hitchhiker's guide to cancer models. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:1361-1373. [PMID: 35534320 PMCID: PMC9588514 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex and uniquely personal disease. More than 1.7 million people in the United States are diagnosed with cancer every year. As the burden of cancer grows, so does the need for new, more effective therapeutics and for predictive tools to identify optimal, personalized treatment options for every patient. Cancer models that recapitulate various aspects of the disease are fundamental to making advances along the continuum of cancer treatment from benchside discoveries to bedside delivery. In this review, we use a thought experiment as a vehicle to arrive at four broad categories of cancer models and explore the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for each category in advancing our understanding of the disease and improving treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim I Budhwani
- CerFlux, Inc., Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Physics, Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA.
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7
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Huan C, Gao J. A novel cuproptosis-related lncRNA prognostic signature for predicting treatment and immune environment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:12127-12145. [PMID: 36653989 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an urgent public health issue due to its poor prognosis and resistance to anti-cancer agents. However, the role of cuproptosis, a newly identified form cell death, in applications of HNSCC is still not a known. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing data was used to explore cuproptosis-related gene expression in the tumour microenvironment. A prognostic model was constructed based on the cuproptosis-related lncRNA. Various methods were performed to predict the overall survival (OS) of different risk score patients and explore difference in enrichment function and pathways between the risk score patients. Finally, a series of immunogenomic landscape analyses were performed and evaluated the immune function, immune infiltration and sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. Cancer cell cluster expressed the essential cuproptosis-related gene. As the risk score increased of HNSCC patients, a significant decrease in survival status and time occurred for patients in the high-risk score patient. The AUC for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-years OS were 0.679, 0.713 and 0.656, indicating that the model regarded as an independent prognostic signature in comparison with the clinical-pathological characteristics. As a results of GO, the immune function and immune infiltration of different risk score patients were assessed, revealing significant differences in T cell function and abundance of different types of T cells. Low-risk score patients are relatively insensitive to chemotherapy agents such as docetaxel and cisplatin, and easily resistant to immunotherapy. A cuproptosis-related lncRNA prognostic model was constructed to predict OS of HNSCC patients and provided the newly therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxiang Huan
- Zhongshan Clinical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jiaxin Gao
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China
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8
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Radiomic Signatures Associated with CD8+ Tumour-Infiltrating Lymphocytes: A Systematic Review and Quality Assessment Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153656. [PMID: 35954318 PMCID: PMC9367613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour immune microenvironment influences the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Within this microenvironment are CD8-expressing tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8+ TILs), which are an important mediator and marker of anti-tumour response. In practice, the assessment of CD8+ TILs via tissue sampling involves logistical challenges. Radiomics, the high-throughput extraction of features from medical images, may offer a novel and non-invasive alternative. We performed a systematic review of the available literature reporting radiomic signatures associated with CD8+ TILs. We also aimed to evaluate the methodological quality of the identified studies using the Radiomics Quality Score (RQS) tool, and the risk of bias and applicability with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. Articles were searched from inception until 31 December 2021, in three electronic databases, and screened against eligibility criteria. Twenty-seven articles were included. A wide variety of cancers have been studied. The reported radiomic signatures were heterogeneous, with very limited reproducibility between studies of the same cancer group. The overall quality of studies was found to be less than desirable (mean RQS = 33.3%), indicating a need for technical maturation. Some potential avenues for further investigation are also discussed.
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9
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Thibaudin M, Limagne E, Hampe L, Ballot E, Truntzer C, Ghiringhelli F. Targeting PD-L1 and TIGIT could restore intratumoral CD8 T cell function in human colorectal cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2549-2563. [PMID: 35292828 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microsatellite stable colorectal cancers (MSS-CRC) are resistant to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy but the combination of immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICI) could be a clue to reverse resistance. Our aim was to evaluate ex vivo the capacity of the combination of atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) and tiragolumab (anti-TIGIT) to reactivate the immune response of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in MSS-CRC. We analysed CRC tumor tissue and the associated blood sample in parallel. For each patient sample, extensive immunomonitoring and cytokine production were tested. We generated an ex vivo assay to study immune reactivity following immune stimulation with checkpoint inhibitors of tumor cell suspensions. Three microsatellite instable (MSI) and 13 MSS-CRC tumors were analysed. To generalize our observations, bioinformatics analyses were performed on public data of single cell RNA sequencing of CRC TILs and RNA sequencing data of TCGA. Atezolizumab alone could only reactivate T cells from MSI tumors. Atezolizumab and tiragolumab reactivated T cells in 46% of MSS-CRC samples. Reactivation by ICK was observed in patients with higher baseline frequency of Th1 and Tc1 cells, and was also associated with higher baseline T cell polyfunctionality and higher CD96 expression. We showed that a high frequency of CD96 expression on T cells could be a surrogate marker of atezolizumab and tiragolumab efficacy. Together these data suggest that the association of atezolizumab and tiragolumab could restore function of CD4 and CD8 TILs in MSS-CRC and could be tested in a clinical trial in colorectal cancer patients with MSS status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Thibaudin
- Platform of Transfer in Biological Oncology, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21000, Dijon, France.,UMR INSERM 1231, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France.,Genomic and Immunotherapy Medical Institute, Dijon University Hospital, 14 rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France.,University of Burgundy-Franche Comté, Maison de l'université Esplanade Erasme, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Emeric Limagne
- Platform of Transfer in Biological Oncology, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21000, Dijon, France.,UMR INSERM 1231, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France.,Genomic and Immunotherapy Medical Institute, Dijon University Hospital, 14 rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France.,University of Burgundy-Franche Comté, Maison de l'université Esplanade Erasme, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Léa Hampe
- Platform of Transfer in Biological Oncology, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21000, Dijon, France.,UMR INSERM 1231, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France.,Genomic and Immunotherapy Medical Institute, Dijon University Hospital, 14 rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France.,University of Burgundy-Franche Comté, Maison de l'université Esplanade Erasme, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Elise Ballot
- Platform of Transfer in Biological Oncology, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21000, Dijon, France.,UMR INSERM 1231, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France.,Genomic and Immunotherapy Medical Institute, Dijon University Hospital, 14 rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France.,University of Burgundy-Franche Comté, Maison de l'université Esplanade Erasme, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Caroline Truntzer
- Platform of Transfer in Biological Oncology, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21000, Dijon, France.,UMR INSERM 1231, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France.,Genomic and Immunotherapy Medical Institute, Dijon University Hospital, 14 rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France.,University of Burgundy-Franche Comté, Maison de l'université Esplanade Erasme, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Francois Ghiringhelli
- Platform of Transfer in Biological Oncology, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21000, Dijon, France. .,UMR INSERM 1231, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France. .,Genomic and Immunotherapy Medical Institute, Dijon University Hospital, 14 rue Paul Gaffarel, 21000, Dijon, France. .,University of Burgundy-Franche Comté, Maison de l'université Esplanade Erasme, 21000, Dijon, France. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Georges François Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France.
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10
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Adoptive Cellular Therapy for Multiple Myeloma Using CAR- and TCR-Transgenic T Cells: Response and Resistance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030410. [PMID: 35159220 PMCID: PMC8834324 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the substantial improvement of therapeutic approaches, multiple myeloma (MM) remains mostly incurable. However, immunotherapeutic and especially T cell-based approaches pioneered the therapeutic landscape for relapsed and refractory disease recently. Targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) on myeloma cells has been demonstrated to be highly effective not only by antibody-derived constructs but also by adoptive cellular therapies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-transgenic T cells lead to deep, albeit mostly not durable responses with manageable side-effects in intensively pretreated patients. The spectrum of adoptive T cell-transfer covers synthetic CARs with diverse specificities as well as currently less well-established T cell receptor (TCR)-based personalized strategies. In this review, we want to focus on treatment characteristics including efficacy and safety of CAR- and TCR-transgenic T cells in MM as well as the future potential these novel therapies may have. ACT with transgenic T cells has only entered clinical trials and various engineering strategies for optimization of T cell responses are necessary to overcome therapy resistance mechanisms. We want to outline the current success in engineering CAR- and TCR-T cells, but also discuss challenges including resistance mechanisms of MM for evading T cell therapy and point out possible novel strategies.
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11
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Li C, Phoon YP, Karlinsey K, Tian YF, Thapaliya S, Thongkum A, Qu L, Matz AJ, Cameron M, Cameron C, Menoret A, Funchain P, Song JM, Diaz-Montero CM, Tamilselvan B, Golden JB, Cartwright M, Rodriguez A, Bonin C, Vella A, Zhou B, Gastman BR. A high OXPHOS CD8 T cell subset is predictive of immunotherapy resistance in melanoma patients. J Exp Med 2022; 219:212867. [PMID: 34807232 PMCID: PMC8611729 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy continues to revolutionize melanoma treatment, but only a subset of patients respond. Major efforts are underway to develop minimally invasive predictive assays of ICI response. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we discovered a unique CD8 T cell blood/tumor-shared subpopulation in melanoma patients with high levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the ectonucleotidases CD38 and CD39, and both exhaustion and cytotoxicity markers. We called this population with high levels of OXPHOS “CD8+ TOXPHOS cells.” We validated that higher levels of OXPHOS in tumor- and peripheral blood–derived CD8+ TOXPHOS cells correlated with ICI resistance in melanoma patients. We then developed an ICI therapy response predictive model using a transcriptomic profile of CD8+ TOXPHOS cells. This model is capable of discerning responders from nonresponders using either tumor or peripheral blood CD8 T cells with high accuracy in multiple validation cohorts. In sum, CD8+ TOXPHOS cells represent a critical immune population to assess ICI response with the potential to be a new target to improve outcomes in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | - Yee Peng Phoon
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Keaton Karlinsey
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | - Ye F Tian
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Samjhana Thapaliya
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Angkana Thongkum
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lili Qu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | - Alyssa Joyce Matz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | - Mark Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Cheryl Cameron
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Antoine Menoret
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | | | - Jung-Min Song
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | - Jackelyn B Golden
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Michael Cartwright
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | - Anthony Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | - Brian R Gastman
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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12
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Bristow CL, Reeves MAB, Winston R. Alphataxin, a Small-Molecule Drug That Elevates Tumor-Infiltrating CD4 + T Cells, in Combination With Anti-PD-1 Therapy, Suppresses Murine Renal Cancer and Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:739080. [PMID: 34900690 PMCID: PMC8656697 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.739080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
By promoting the cytotoxic function of CD8+ T cells, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, e.g. programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), effectively inhibits tumor growth in renal cell carcinoma. Yet, as many as 87% of cancer patients do not respond to immune checkpoint therapy. Importantly, cytotoxic CD8+ T cell function crucially relies on CD4+ T helper cell cytokines, in particular, tumor necrosis factor beta (TNFβ) and its CD8+ T cell receptor (TNFR2) in the opposing manner as immune checkpoints and their receptors. Remarkably, despite advances in immunotherapy, there are no pharmaceutical treatments that increase circulating CD4+ T cell counts. Nor has there been much attention given to tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells. Using data from a clinical trial (NCT01731691), we discovered that the protein alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (α1PI, alpha-1 antitrypsin) regulates the number of circulating CD4+ T cells. The orally available small-molecule drug Alphataxin acts as a surrogate for α1PI in this pathway. We aimed to examine how Alphataxin affected tumor growth in a murine model of renal cell carcinoma. Alphataxin, in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody, significantly elevated the ratio of circulating and tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells. In one study, following orthotopic implantation of syngeneic renal adenocarcinoma cells, combination treatment resulted in 100% regression of tumor growth. Moreover, in mice implanted orthotopically with one log more tumor cells, doubling Alphataxin dose in combination treatment led to 100% regression in one-third of mice and 81% suppression of tumor growth in the remaining two-thirds of mice. Lung metastasis was present in monotherapy, but significantly reduced in combination-treated mice. Orally available Alphataxin, the first and only drug developed to increase CD4+ T cells, in combination with anti-PD-1, is a powerful therapeutic method that provides long-term remission in renal cell carcinoma and potentially other T cell-responsive cancers by increasing the number of CD4+ tumor-infiltrating T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Bristow
- Alpha-1 Biologics, Long Island High Technology Incubator, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.,Institute for Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Vesenaz, Switzerland
| | - Mary Ann B Reeves
- Alpha-1 Biologics, Long Island High Technology Incubator, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.,The University of Queensland, Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ronald Winston
- Alpha-1 Biologics, Long Island High Technology Incubator, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.,Institute for Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Vesenaz, Switzerland
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13
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Jansen P, Lodde GC, Griewank KG, Hadaschik E, Roesch A, Ugurel S, Zimmer L, Livingstone E, Schadendorf D. Management of partial and non-responding cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36 Suppl 1:29-34. [PMID: 34855242 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma are the most common types of skin cancer. For patients with locally advanced and metastatic cSCC, the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor cemiplimab is approved for systemic treatment. Despite this revolutionary immunomodulatory therapeutic approach, tumours may fail to respond either completely or partially. In addition to the previously established local treatment with radiotherapy or systemic treatment with chemotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, ongoing trials are currently focussed on re-stimulating the antitumour immune response in patients with advanced cSCC refractory to PD-1 inhibitors. In this review, ongoing and recently finished trials with different therapeutic approaches will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jansen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - G C Lodde
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - K G Griewank
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany.,Dermatopathologie bei Mainz, Nieder-Olm, Germany
| | - E Hadaschik
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - A Roesch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S Ugurel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - L Zimmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - E Livingstone
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - D Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany
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14
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Stairiker CJ, Pfister SX, Hendrickson E, Yang W, Xie T, Lee C, Zhang H, Dillon C, Thomas GD, Salek-Ardakani S. EZH2 Inhibition Compromises α4-1BB-Mediated Antitumor Efficacy by Reducing the Survival and Effector Programming of CD8 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:770080. [PMID: 34925340 PMCID: PMC8683156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.770080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitors (EZH2i) are approved to treat certain cancer types. Previous studies have suggested the potential to combine EZH2i with immune checkpoint blockade targeting coinhibitory receptors like PD-(L)1 and CTLA-4, but whether it can also enhance the activity of agents targeting costimulatory receptors is not known. Here, we explore the combination between EZH2i and an agonist antibody targeting the T cell costimulatory receptor 4-1BB (α4-1BB). Our data show that EZH2i compromise the efficacy of α4-1BB in both CT26 colon carcinoma and in an in vivo protein immunization model. We link this to reduced effector survival and increased BIM expression in CD8+ T cells upon EZH2i treatment. These data support the requirement of EZH2 function in 4-1BB-mediated CD8+ T cell expansion and effector programming and emphasize the consideration that must be given when combining such antitumoral therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/immunology
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Burden/genetics
- Tumor Burden/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/agonists
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Stairiker
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sophia Xiao Pfister
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Eleanore Hendrickson
- Translational Sciences, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Computational Biology, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tao Xie
- Computational Biology, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Catherine Lee
- Translational Sciences, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Haikuo Zhang
- Translational Sciences, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Christopher Dillon
- Translational Sciences, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Graham D. Thomas
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Shahram Salek-Ardakani
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Worldwide Research, Development Medical, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
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15
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Liu Z, Zhou Q, Wang Z, Zhang H, Zeng H, Huang Q, Chen Y, Jiang W, Lin Z, Qu Y, Xiong Y, Bai Q, Xia Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Zhu Y, Xu L, Dai B, Guo J, Wang J, Chang Y, Zhang W. Intratumoral TIGIT + CD8 + T-cell infiltration determines poor prognosis and immune evasion in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000978. [PMID: 32817209 PMCID: PMC7430558 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is identified as a novel checkpoint receptor that can facilitate immune escape via mediating T-cell exhaustion in tumors. However, the clinical significance and immune contexture correlation of intratumoral TIGIT+ CD8+ T-cells remain to be further explored in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Methods 259 patients with MIBC from two clinical centers (Zhongshan Hospital, n=141; Shanghai Cancer Center, n=118) were analyzed to evaluate the prognostic value and immune contexture association of TIGIT+ CD8+ T-cells through immunohistochemistry. Fresh tumor tissue samples from 26 patients with MIBC were examined to discover the phenotype of this CD8 subpopulation by flow cytometry. Results High infiltration of intratumoral TIGIT+ CD8+ T-cells predicted poor overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in MIBC. For patients with stage II MIBC with low infiltration of TIGIT+ CD8+ cells, adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) could significantly prolong their OS and RFS. Intratumoral TIGIT+ CD8+ T-cell abundance was correlated with impaired CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity and exhibited production of immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. Further analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cell landscape revealed TIGIT+ CD8+ T-cells were associated with suppressive immune contexture, including Th2 cells, regulatory T-cells, mast cells and neutrophils. Conclusion Intratumoral TIGIT+ CD8+ T-cell abundance could serve as an independent prognosticator for clinical outcome and a predictive biomarker for inferior ACT responsiveness. Intratumoral TIGIT+ CD8+ T-cell abundance correlated with dampened CD8+ T-cell antitumor immunity and immunosuppressive contexture abundance, highlighting a tumor-promoting role of TIGIT+ CD8+ T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaopei Liu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zewei Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zeng
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuren Huang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Immunology, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Jiang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Lin
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Bai
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Xu
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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16
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Abstract
Despite the ability of immune-based interventions to dramatically increase the survival of patients with melanoma, a significant subset fail to benefit from this treatment, underscoring the need for accurate means to identify the patient population likely to respond to immunotherapy. Understanding how melanoma evades natural or manipulated immune responses could provide the information needed to identify such resistant individuals. Efforts to address this challenge are hampered by the vast immune diversity characterizing tumor microenvironments that remain largely understudied. It is thus important to more clearly elucidate the complex interactions that take place between the tumor microenvironment and host immune system.
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17
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Hou Y, Liang HL, Yu X, Liu Z, Cao X, Rao E, Huang X, Wang L, Li L, Bugno J, Fu Y, Chmura SJ, Wu W, Luo SZ, Zheng W, Arina A, Jutzy J, McCall AR, Vokes EE, Pitroda SP, Fu YX, Weichselbaum RR. Radiotherapy and immunotherapy converge on elimination of tumor-promoting erythroid progenitor cells through adaptive immunity. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/582/eabb0130. [PMID: 33627484 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-induced CD45-Ter119+CD71+ erythroid progenitor cells, termed "Ter cells," promote tumor progression by secreting artemin (ARTN), a neurotrophic peptide that activates REarranged during Transfection (RET) signaling. We demonstrate that both local tumor ionizing radiation (IR) and anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) treatment decreased tumor-induced Ter cell abundance in the mouse spleen and ARTN secretion outside the irradiation field in an interferon- and CD8+ T cell-dependent manner. Recombinant erythropoietin promoted resistance to radiotherapy or anti-PD-L1 therapies by restoring Ter cell numbers and serum ARTN concentration. Blockade of ARTN or potential ARTN signaling partners, or depletion of Ter cells augmented the antitumor effects of both IR and anti-PD-L1 therapies in mice. Analysis of samples from patients who received radioimmunotherapy demonstrated that IR-mediated reduction of Ter cells, ARTN, and GFRα3, an ARTN signaling partner, were each associated with tumor regression. Patients with melanoma who received immunotherapy exhibited favorable outcomes associated with decreased expression of GFRα3. These findings demonstrate an out-of-field, or "abscopal," effect mediated by adaptive immunity, which is induced during local tumor irradiation. This effect, in turn, governs the therapeutic effects of radiation and immunotherapy. Therefore, our results identify multiple targets to potentially improve outcomes after radiotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Hou
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ShaanXi 710061, China. .,Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Hua L Liang
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Xinshuang Yu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Zhida Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwest Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Xuezhi Cao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwest Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Enyu Rao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Lei Li
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Jason Bugno
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yanbin Fu
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Steven J Chmura
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Sean Z Luo
- Whitney Young High School, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Ainhoa Arina
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Jessica Jutzy
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Anne R McCall
- Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Everett E Vokes
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sean P Pitroda
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwest Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
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18
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Chi A, He X, Hou L, Nguyen NP, Zhu G, Cameron RB, Lee JM. Classification of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer's Tumor Immune Micro-Environment and Strategies to Augment Its Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122924. [PMID: 34208113 PMCID: PMC8230820 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become a major treatment for lung cancer. Better understanding of the tumor immune micro-environment (TIME) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is urgently needed to better treat it with this type of therapy. In this review, we describe and explore how NSCLC’s TIME relates to response to ICB, as well as how to treat those with unresponsive types of TIME, which will significantly impact future research in lung cancer immunotherapy. Abstract Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with checkpoint inhibitors has led to significant and durable response in a subset of patients with advanced stage EGFR and ALK wild-type non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This has been consistently shown to be correlated with the unique characteristics of each patient’s tumor immune micro-environment (TIME), including the composition and distribution of the tumor immune cell infiltrate; the expression of various checkpoints by tumor and immune cells, such as PD-L1; and the presence of various cytokines and chemokines. In this review, the classification of various types of TIME that are present in NSCLC and their correlation with response to ICB in NSCLC are discussed. This is conducted with a focus on the characteristics and identifiable biomarkers of different TIME subtypes that may also be used to predict NSCLC’s clinical response to ICB. Finally, treatment strategies to augment response to ICB in NSCLC with unresponsive types of TIME are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Chi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (X.H.)
| | - Xia He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (X.H.)
| | - Lin Hou
- Center for Statistical Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Nam P. Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA;
| | - Guangying Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Robert B. Cameron
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.B.C.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Jay M. Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (R.B.C.); (J.M.L.)
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19
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Buchwald ZS, Schmitt NC. Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Head and Neck Cancer. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2021; 54:729-742. [PMID: 34116846 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Most immune therapies consist of biologics, including monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and cell therapy. This article reviews basic tumor immunology and provides an overview of immunotherapeutic strategies used for HNSCC. The current indications for use of programmed cell death protein 1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in recurrent/metastatic HNSCC are summarized. In addition, new immunotherapeutic biologics and combinations under investigation in early-phase clinical trials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Buchwald
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, C5086, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole C Schmitt
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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20
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da Cruz LLP, de Souza PO, Dal Prá M, Falchetti M, de Abreu AM, Azambuja JH, Bertoni APS, Paz AHR, Araújo AB, Visioli F, Fazolo T, da Silva GG, Worm PV, Wink MR, Zanotto-Filho A, Braganhol E. TLR4 expression and functionality are downregulated in glioblastoma cells and in tumor-associated macrophages: A new mechanism of immune evasion? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166155. [PMID: 33932524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive form of primary brain tumor, in which the presence of an inflammatory environment, composed mainly by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), is related to its progression and development of chemoresistance. Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) are key components of the innate immune system and their expression in both tumor and immune-associated cells may impact the cell communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further modeling cancer growth and response to therapy. Here, we investigated the participation of TLR4-mediated signaling as a mechanism of induced-immune escape in GB. Initially, bioinformatics analysis of public datasets revealed that TLR4 expression is lower in GB tumors when compared to astrocytomas (AST), and in a subset of TAMs. Further, we confirmed that TLR4 expression is downregulated in chemoresistant GB, as well as in macrophages co-cultured with GB cells. Additionally, TLR4 function is impaired in those cells even following stimulation with LPS, an agonist of TLR4. Finally, experiments performed in a cohort of clinical primary and metastatic brain tumors indicated that the immunostaining of TLR4 and CD45 are inversely proportional, and confirmed the low TLR4 expression in GBs. Interestingly, the cytoplasmic/nuclear pattern of TLR4 staining in cancer tissues suggests additional roles of this receptor in carcinogenesis. Overall, our data suggest the downregulation of TLR4 expression and activity as a strategy for GB-associated immune escape. Additional studies are necessary to better understand TLR4 signaling in TME in order to improve the benefits of immunotherapy based on TLR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L P da Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - P O de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M Dal Prá
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M Falchetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - A M de Abreu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J H Azambuja
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A P S Bertoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A H R Paz
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A B Araújo
- Centro de Processamento Celular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - F Visioli
- Faculdade de Odontologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - T Fazolo
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G G da Silva
- Hospital São José, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - P V Worm
- Hospital São José, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Cirurgia, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M R Wink
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A Zanotto-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - E Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária do Instituto de Cardiologia (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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21
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Balázs K, Antal L, Sáfrány G, Lumniczky K. Blood-Derived Biomarkers of Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy Response in Prostate Cancer Patients. J Pers Med 2021; 11:296. [PMID: 33924671 PMCID: PMC8070149 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the most frequent cancers in men worldwide. Despite the fact that multiple therapeutic alternatives are available for its treatment, it is often discovered in an advanced stage as a metastatic disease. Prostate cancer screening is based on physical examination of prostate size and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in the blood as well as biopsy in suspect cases. However, these markers often fail to correctly identify the presence of cancer, or their positivity might lead to overdiagnosis and consequent overtreatment of an otherwise silent non-progressing disease. Moreover, these markers have very limited if any predictive value regarding therapy response or individual risk for therapy-related toxicities. Therefore, novel, optimally liquid biopsy-based (blood-derived) markers or marker panels are needed, which have better prognostic and predictive value than the ones currently used in the everyday routine. In this review the role of circulating tumour cells, extracellular vesicles and their microRNA content, as well as cellular and soluble immunological and inflammation- related blood markers for prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of therapy response is discussed. A special emphasis is placed on markers predicting response to radiotherapy and radiotherapy-related late side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Unit of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, 1221 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.); (L.A.); (G.S.)
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22
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Qiao G, Chen M, Mohammadpour H, MacDonald CR, Bucsek MJ, Hylander BL, Barbi JJ, Repasky EA. Chronic Adrenergic Stress Contributes to Metabolic Dysfunction and an Exhausted Phenotype in T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:651-664. [PMID: 33762351 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction and exhaustion in tumor-infiltrating T cells have been linked to ineffectual antitumor immunity and the failure of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. We report here that chronic stress plays a previously unrecognized role in regulating the state of T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Using two mouse tumor models, we found that blocking chronic adrenergic stress signaling using the pan β-blocker propranolol or by using mice lacking the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) results in reduced tumor growth rates with significantly fewer tumor-infiltrating T cells that express markers of exhaustion, with a concomitant increase in progenitor exhausted T cells. We also report that blocking β-AR signaling in mice increases glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), which associated with increased expression of the costimulatory molecule CD28 and increased antitumor effector functions, including increased cytokine production. Using T cells from Nur77-GFP reporter mice to monitor T-cell activation, we observed that stress-induced β-AR signaling suppresses T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Together, these data suggest that chronic stress-induced adrenergic receptor signaling serves as a "checkpoint" of immune responses and contributes to immunosuppression in the TME by promoting T-cell metabolic dysfunction and exhaustion. These results also support the possibility that chronic stress, which unfortunately is increased in many patients with cancer following their diagnoses, could be exerting a major negative influence on the outcome of therapies that depend upon the status of TILs and support the use of strategies to reduce stress or β-AR signaling in combination with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxi Qiao
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Minhui Chen
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Hemn Mohammadpour
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Cameron R MacDonald
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mark J Bucsek
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Bonnie L Hylander
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Joseph J Barbi
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Elizabeth A Repasky
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.
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23
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Wang G, Zhang M, Cheng M, Wang X, Li K, Chen J, Chen Z, Chen S, Chen J, Xiong G, Xu X, Wang C, Chen D. Tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Functions and regulatory mechanisms. Cancer Lett 2021; 507:55-69. [PMID: 33741424 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment has been recently reported to play a pivotal role in sustaining tumor cells survival and protecting them from immunotherapy and chemotherapy-induced death. It remains largely unknown how the specific signaling pathway exerts the tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma though previous studies have elucidated the regulatory mechanisms involve in tumor immune microenvironment, stromal cells, tumor angiogenesis and cancer stem cell. These components are responsible for tumor progression as well as anti-cancer therapy resistance, leading to rapid tumor growth and treatment failure. In this review, we focus on discussing the interaction between tumor cells and the surrounding components for better understanding of anti-cancer treatment ineffectiveness and its underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganping Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kang Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Gan Xiong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Xiuyun Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Demeng Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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24
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Peña-Asensio J, Calvo H, Torralba M, Miquel J, Sanz-de-Villalobos E, Larrubia JR. Gamma-Chain Receptor Cytokines & PD-1 Manipulation to Restore HCV-Specific CD8 + T Cell Response during Chronic Hepatitis C. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030538. [PMID: 33802622 PMCID: PMC8001543 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD8+ T cell response is essential in natural HCV infection control, but it becomes exhausted during persistent infection. Nowadays, chronic HCV infection can be resolved by direct acting anti-viral treatment, but there are still some non-responders that could benefit from CD8+ T cell response restoration. To become fully reactive, T cell needs the complete release of T cell receptor (TCR) signalling but, during exhaustion this is blocked by the PD-1 effect on CD28 triggering. The T cell pool sensitive to PD-1 modulation is the progenitor subset but not the terminally differentiated effector population. Nevertheless, the blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint cannot be always enough to restore this pool. This is due to the HCV ability to impair other co-stimulatory mechanisms and metabolic pathways and to induce a pro-apoptotic state besides the TCR signalling impairment. In this sense, gamma-chain receptor cytokines involved in memory generation and maintenance, such as low-level IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21, might carry out a positive effect on metabolic reprogramming, apoptosis blockade and restoration of co-stimulatory signalling. This review sheds light on the role of combinatory immunotherapeutic strategies to restore a reactive anti-HCV T cell response based on the mixture of PD-1 blocking plus IL-2/IL-7/IL-15/IL-21 treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hepacivirus/immunology
- Hepacivirus/pathogenicity
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/drug effects
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/immunology
- Interleukins/therapeutic use
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/drug effects
- Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/immunology
- Precursor Cells, T-Lymphoid/virology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/agonists
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Peña-Asensio
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (J.P.-A.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (J.M.); (E.S.-d.-V.)
- Department of Biology of Systems, University of Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Henar Calvo
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (J.P.-A.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (J.M.); (E.S.-d.-V.)
- Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Miguel Torralba
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (J.P.-A.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (J.M.); (E.S.-d.-V.)
- Service of Internal Medicine, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain
- Department of Medicine & Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Joaquín Miquel
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (J.P.-A.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (J.M.); (E.S.-d.-V.)
- Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sanz-de-Villalobos
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (J.P.-A.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (J.M.); (E.S.-d.-V.)
- Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Juan-Ramón Larrubia
- Translational Hepatology Unit, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain; (J.P.-A.); (H.C.); (M.T.); (J.M.); (E.S.-d.-V.)
- Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Guadalajara University Hospital, E-19002 Guadalajara, Spain
- Department of Medicine & Medical Specialties, University of Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-949-20-9200
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25
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Qi J, Jin F, Xu X, Du Y. Combination Cancer Immunotherapy of Nanoparticle-Based Immunogenic Cell Death Inducers and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1435-1456. [PMID: 33654395 PMCID: PMC7910111 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s285999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy that aims to strengthen immune responses against cancer. However, the low immunogenicity of tumor cells and inhibition of effector T cells in the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment remain two major challenges. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers not only directly kill cancer cells but also increase the tumor immunogenicity and induce antitumor immune responses. Immune checkpoint inhibitors can alleviate the inhibition of immune cells. Significantly, the combination of ICD inducers and immune checkpoint inhibitors elicits a remarkable antitumor effect. Nanoparticles confer the ability to modulate systemic biodistribution and achieve targeted accumulation of administered therapeutic agents, thereby facilitating the clinical translation of immunotherapies based on ICD inducers in a safe and effective manner. In this review, we summarize the nanoparticle-based chemical and physical cues that induce effective tumor ICD and elicit an antitumor immune response. In particular, combination of ICD inducers with immune checkpoint inhibitors can further reverse immunosuppression and prevent tumor metastasis and recurrence. An overview of the future challenges and prospects is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyang Jin
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
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26
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Bednarz-Misa I, Bromke MA, Krzystek-Korpacka M. Interleukin (IL)-7 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1290:9-49. [PMID: 33559853 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55617-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-7 plays an important immunoregulatory role in different types of cells. Therefore, it attracts researcher's attention, but despite the fact, many aspects of its modulatory action, as well as other functionalities, are still poorly understood. The review summarizes current knowledge on the interleukin-7 and its signaling cascade in context of cancer development. Moreover, it provides a cancer-type focused description of the involvement of IL-7 in solid tumors, as well as hematological malignancies.The interleukin has been discovered as a growth factor crucial for the early lymphocyte development and supporting the growth of malignant cells in certain leukemias and lymphomas. Therefore, its targeting has been explored as a treatment modality in hematological malignancies, while the unique ability to expand lymphocyte populations selectively and without hyperinflammation has been used in experimental immunotherapies in patients with lymphopenia. Ever since the early research demonstrated a reduced growth of solid tumors in the presence of IL-7, the interleukin application in boosting up the anticancer immunity has been investigated. However, a growing body of evidence indicative of IL-7 upregulation in carcinomas, facilitating tumor growth and metastasis and aiding drug-resistance, is accumulating. It therefore becomes increasingly apparent that the response to the IL-7 stimulus strongly depends on cell type, their developmental stage, and microenvironmental context. The interleukin exerts its regulatory action mainly through phosphorylation events in JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt pathways, while the significance of MAPK pathway seems to be limited to solid tumors. Given the unwavering interest in IL-7 application in immunotherapy, a better understanding of interleukin role, source in tumor microenvironment, and signaling pathways, as well as the identification of cells that are likely to respond should be a research priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bednarz-Misa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz A Bromke
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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27
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Kim W, Yoon HY, Lim S, Stayton PS, Kim IS, Kim K, Kwon IC. In vivo tracking of bioorthogonally labeled T-cells for predicting therapeutic efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapy. J Control Release 2020; 329:223-236. [PMID: 33290794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive tracking of T-cells may help to predict the patient responsiveness and therapeutic outcome. Herein, we developed bioorthogonal T-cell labeling and tracking strategy using bioorthogonal click chemistry. First, ovalbumin (OVA) antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) were incubated with N-azidoacetyl-D-mannosamine-tetraacylated (Ac4ManNAz) for incorporating azide (N3) groups on the surface of CTLs via metabolic glycoengineering. Subsequently, azide groups on the CTLs were chemically labeled with near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) dye, Cy5.5, conjugated dibenzylcyclooctyne (DBCO-Cy5.5) via bioorthogonal click chemistry, resulting in Cy5.5-labeled CTLs (Cy5.5-CTLs). The labeling efficiency of Cy5.5-CTLs could be readily controlled by changing concentrations of Ac4ManNAz and DBCO-Cy5.5 in cultured cells. Importantly, Cy5.5-CTLs presented the strong NIRF signals in vitro and they showed no significant changes in the functional properties, such as cell viability, proliferation, and antigen-specific cytolytic activity. In ovalbumin (OVA)-expressing E.G-7 tumor-bearing immune-deficient mice, intravenously injected Cy5.5-CTLs were clearly observed at targeted solid tumors via non-invasive NIRF imaging. Moreover, tumor growth inhibition of E.G-7 tumors was closely correlated with the intensity of NIRF signals from Cy5.5-CTLs at tumors after 2-3 days post-injection. The Cy5.5-CTLs showed different therapeutic responses in E.G-7 tumor-bearing immune-competent mice, in which they were divided by their tumor growth efficacy as 'high therapeutic response (TR (+))' and 'low therapeutic response (TR (-))'. These different therapeutic responses of Cy5.5-CTLs were highly correlated with the NIRF signals of Cy5.5-CTLs at targeted tumor tissues in the early stage. Therefore, non-invasive tracking of T-cells can be able to predict and elicit therapeutic responses in the adoptive T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojun Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Lim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Patrick S Stayton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; KIST-DFCI On-Site-Lab, Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America.
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28
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Principe N, Kidman J, Goh S, Tilsed CM, Fisher SA, Fear VS, Forbes CA, Zemek RM, Chopra A, Watson M, Dick IM, Boon L, Holt RA, Lake RA, Nowak AK, Lesterhuis WJ, McDonnell AM, Chee J. Tumor Infiltrating Effector Memory Antigen-Specific CD8 + T Cells Predict Response to Immune Checkpoint Therapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:584423. [PMID: 33262762 PMCID: PMC7688517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) results in durable responses in individuals with some cancers, but not all patients respond to treatment. ICT improves CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) function, but changes in tumor antigen-specific CTLs post-ICT that correlate with successful responses have not been well characterized. Here, we studied murine tumor models with dichotomous responses to ICT. We tracked tumor antigen-specific CTL frequencies and phenotype before and after ICT in responding and non-responding animals. Tumor antigen-specific CTLs increased within tumor and draining lymph nodes after ICT, and exhibited an effector memory-like phenotype, expressing IL-7R (CD127), KLRG1, T-bet, and granzyme B. Responding tumors exhibited higher infiltration of effector memory tumor antigen-specific CTLs, but lower frequencies of regulatory T cells compared to non-responders. Tumor antigen-specific CTLs persisted in responding animals and formed memory responses against tumor antigens. Our results suggest that increased effector memory tumor antigen-specific CTLs, in the presence of reduced immunosuppression within tumors is part of a successful ICT response. Temporal and nuanced analysis of T cell subsets provides a potential new source of immune based biomarkers for response to ICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Principe
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Joel Kidman
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Siting Goh
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Caitlin M Tilsed
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Scott A Fisher
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Abha Chopra
- Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Mark Watson
- Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Ian M Dick
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Louis Boon
- Polpharma Biologics, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Richard A Lake
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Anna K Nowak
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Willem Joost Lesterhuis
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alison M McDonnell
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan Chee
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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29
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Pezeshki S, Hemmati S, Rezaei N. Novel treatments using PD1 inhibitors for advanced and metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 20:819-822. [PMID: 32852235 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2020.1812389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saharnaz Pezeshki
- Cancer Immunology Project Interest Group (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Hemmati
- Cancer Immunology Project Interest Group (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran, Iran
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Modulation of the Gut Microbiota Alters the Tumour-Suppressive Efficacy of Tim-3 Pathway Blockade in a Bacterial Species- and Host Factor-Dependent Manner. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091395. [PMID: 32932843 PMCID: PMC7564046 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein-3 (Tim-3) is an immune checkpoint molecule and a target for anti-cancer therapy. In this study, we examined whether gut microbiota manipulation altered the anti-tumour efficacy of Tim-3 blockade. The gut microbiota of mice was manipulated through the administration of antibiotics and oral gavage of bacteria. Alterations in the gut microbiome were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Gut dysbiosis triggered by antibiotics attenuated the anti-tumour efficacy of Tim-3 blockade in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Anti-tumour efficacy was restored following oral gavage of faecal bacteria even as antibiotic administration continued. In the case of oral gavage of Enterococcus hirae or Lactobacillus johnsonii, transferred bacterial species and host mouse strain were critical determinants of the anti-tumour efficacy of Tim-3 blockade. Bacterial gavage did not increase the alpha diversity of gut microbiota in antibiotic-treated mice but did alter the microbiome composition, which was associated with the restoration of the anti-tumour efficacy of Tim-3 blockade. Conclusively, our results indicate that gut microbiota modulation may improve the therapeutic efficacy of Tim-3 blockade during concomitant antibiotic treatment. The administered bacterial species and host factors should be considered in order to achieve therapeutically beneficial modulation of the microbiota.
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31
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Wang Y, Kuai Q, Gao F, Wang Y, He M, Zhou H, Han G, Jiang X, Ren S, Yu Q. Overexpression of TIM-3 in Macrophages Aggravates Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:727-736. [PMID: 31162951 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0070oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disorder and lacks effective treatments because of unclear mechanisms. Aberrant function of alveolar macrophages is directly linked to pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we show TIM-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3), a key regulator of macrophage function, aggravates pulmonary fibrosis. TIM-3 mRNA of patients with IPF was analyzed based on the Gene Expression Omnibus and Array Express databases. Lung pathology and profibrotic molecules were assessed in a bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis model using wild-type (WT) and TIM-3 transgenic (TIM-3-TG) mice. Macrophage cells, RAW264.7, were then applied to investigate the effect of macrophage TIM-3 under BLM exposure in vitro. Macrophage depletion and adoptive-transfer experiments were finally performed to examine lung morphology and profibrotic molecules. TIM-3 expression was increased both in patients with IPF and in our BLM-induced mouse model. TIM-3-TG mice developed more serious pathological changes in lung tissue and higher expressions of TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1) and IL-10 than WT mice. After BLM treatment, TGF-β1 and IL-10 expression was significantly decreased in RAW264.7 cells after TIM-3 knock-out, whereas it was increased in TIM-3-TG peritoneal macrophages. The scores of pulmonary fibrosis in WT and TIM-3-TG mice were significantly reduced, and there was no difference between them after macrophage depletion. Furthermore, WT mice receiving adoptive macrophages from TIM-3-TG mice also had more serious lung fibrosis and increased expression of TGF-β1 and IL-10 than those receiving macrophages from WT mice. Our findings revealed that overexpressed TIM-3 in alveolar macrophages aggravated pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyuan Kuai
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fenghua Gao
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min He
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gencheng Han
- Institute of Beijing Brain Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Xingwei Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Suping Ren
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Yu
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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32
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Khalaf S, Toor SM, Murshed K, Kurer MA, Ahmed AA, Abu Nada M, Elkord E. Differential expression of TIM-3 in circulation and tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer patients. Clin Immunol 2020; 215:108429. [PMID: 32320745 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) is an inhibitory immune checkpoint, which suppresses anti-tumor immune responses. TIM-3 expression on different immune cells in periphery and tumor microenvironment (TME) of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients has not been fully investigated. We found that TIM-3 was mainly expressed on monocytic myeloid cells (MMCs) and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in circulation but was mainly expressed on T cells and APCs in the TME. Additionally, TIM-3- T cells co-expressed higher levels of PD-1 than TIM-3+ T cells in normal tissue. In contrast, TIM-3+ T cells in the TME showed significantly higher PD-1 expression. Interestingly, there was a trend towards increased levels of TIM-3+ APCs with disease stages; however, levels of TIM-3+ T cells were decreased with disease stages in the TME. This study shows the differential expression of TIM-3 on different immune cells in circulation and TME of CRC patients, and their associations with disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Khalaf
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salman M Toor
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled Murshed
- Department of Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Kurer
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayman A Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Eyad Elkord
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar; Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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33
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Shourian M, Beltra JC, Bourdin B, Decaluwe H. Common gamma chain cytokines and CD8 T cells in cancer. Semin Immunol 2020; 42:101307. [PMID: 31604532 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming exhaustion-associated dysfunctions and generating antigen-specific CD8 T cells with the ability to persist in the host and mediate effective long-term anti-tumor immunity is the final aim of cancer immunotherapy. To achieve this goal, immuno-modulatory properties of the common gamma-chain (γc) family of cytokines, that includes IL-2, IL-7, IL-15 and IL-21, have been used to fine-tune and/or complement current immunotherapeutic protocols. These agents potentiate CD8 T cell expansion and functions particularly in the context of immune checkpoint (IC) blockade, shape their differentiation, improve their persistence in vivo and alternatively, influence distinct aspects of the T cell exhaustion program. Despite these properties, the intrinsic impact of cytokines on CD8 T cell exhaustion has remained largely unexplored impeding optimal therapeutic use of these agents. In this review, we will discuss current knowledge regarding the influence of relevant γc cytokines on CD8 T cell differentiation and function based on clinical data and preclinical studies in murine models of cancer and chronic viral infection. We will restate the place of these agents in current immunotherapeutic regimens such as IC checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell therapy. Finally, we will discuss how γc cytokine signaling pathways regulate T cell immunity during cancer and whether targeting these pathways may sustain an effective and durable T cell response in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Shourian
- Cytokines and Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Beltra
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benoîte Bourdin
- Cytokines and Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hélène Decaluwe
- Cytokines and Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Immunology and Rheumatology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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34
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Miao Y, Zhang Q, Lei Q, Luo M, Xie G, Wang H, Guo A. ImmuCellAI: A Unique Method for Comprehensive T-Cell Subsets Abundance Prediction and its Application in Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902880. [PMID: 32274301 PMCID: PMC7141005 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and abundance of immune cells, particularly T-cell subsets, play pivotal roles in cancer immunology and therapy. T cells have many subsets with specific function and current methods are limited in estimating them, thus, a method for predicting comprehensive T-cell subsets is urgently needed in cancer immunology research. Here, Immune Cell Abundance Identifier (ImmuCellAI), a gene set signature-based method, is introduced for precisely estimating the abundance of 24 immune cell types including 18 T-cell subsets, from gene expression data. Performance evaluation on both the sequencing data with flow cytometry results and public expression data indicate that ImmuCellAI can estimate the abundance of immune cells with superior accuracy to other methods especially on many T-cell subsets. Application of ImmuCellAI to immunotherapy datasets reveals that the abundance of dendritic cells, cytotoxic T, and gamma delta T cells is significantly higher both in comparisons of on-treatment versus pre-treatment and responders versus non-responders. Meanwhile, an ImmuCellAI result-based model is built for predicting the immunotherapy response with high accuracy (area under curve 0.80-0.91). These results demonstrate the powerful and unique function of ImmuCellAI in tumor immune infiltration estimation and immunotherapy response prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Ru Miao
- Center for Artificial Intelligence BiologyHubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key LaboratoryDepartment of Bioinformatics and Systems BiologyKey Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Center for Artificial Intelligence BiologyHubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key LaboratoryDepartment of Bioinformatics and Systems BiologyKey Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Qian Lei
- Center for Artificial Intelligence BiologyHubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key LaboratoryDepartment of Bioinformatics and Systems BiologyKey Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Mei Luo
- Center for Artificial Intelligence BiologyHubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key LaboratoryDepartment of Bioinformatics and Systems BiologyKey Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Gui‐Yan Xie
- Center for Artificial Intelligence BiologyHubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key LaboratoryDepartment of Bioinformatics and Systems BiologyKey Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Hongxiang Wang
- Department of HematologyWuhan Central HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - An‐Yuan Guo
- Center for Artificial Intelligence BiologyHubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key LaboratoryDepartment of Bioinformatics and Systems BiologyKey Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
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35
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Araujo B de Lima V, Borch A, Hansen M, Draghi A, Spanggaard I, Rohrberg K, Reker Hadrup S, Lassen U, Svane IM. Common phenotypic dynamics of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes across different histologies upon checkpoint inhibition: impact on clinical outcome. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:204-213. [PMID: 32201034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the cancer therapeutic landscape and our perception of interactions between the immune system and tumor cells. Despite remarkable progress, disease relapse and primary resistance are not uncommon. Understanding the biological processes that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) undergo during ICI, how this affects the tumor microenvironment (TME) and, ultimately, clinical outcome is, therefore, necessary to further improve treatment efficacy. AIM In the current study, we sought to characterize TILs from patients with metastatic solid tumors undergoing ICI correlating flowcytometric findings with clinical outcome. METHODS In total, 20 patients with 10 different metastatic solid tumors treated with ICIs targeting programmed-cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 axis were included in this study. The phenotype of T cells deriving from biopsies obtained prior to treatment initiation and on-treatment was investigaded. Analyses were focused on T cells' degree of differentiation and activity and how they correlate with transcriptomic changes in the TME. RESULTS Data indicate that patients benefitting from ICIs accumulate CD8+central memory T cells. TILs developed an effector-like phenotype over time, which was also associated with a cytolytic gene signature. In terms of modulation of T-cell responses, we observed that high expression of checkpoint molecules pre-treatment (i.e., PD-1, lymphocyte activation gene-3 [LAG-3], B and T-lymphocyte attenuator [BTLA] and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing-3 [TIM-3]) was associated with similar gene signature and correlated to treatment benefit. Increasing expression of LAG-3 and BTLA in the CD8 compartment and their co-expression with PD-1 during treatment were, however, a common feature for patients who failed to respond to ICIs. CONCLUSIONS Besides identifying immune profiles suggestive of response to ICI, our results provide a more nuanced picture regarding expression of checkpoint molecules that goes beyond T-cell anergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annie Borch
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Hansen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Arianna Draghi
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Iben Spanggaard
- Rigshospitalet, Department of Oncology, Phase 1 Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sine Reker Hadrup
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Lassen
- Rigshospitalet, Department of Oncology, Phase 1 Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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36
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Routh ED, Pullikuth AK, Jin G, Chifman J, Chou JW, D'Agostino RB, Seino KI, Wada H, Print CG, Zhang W, Lu Y, Miller LD. Transcriptomic Features of T Cell-Barren Tumors Are Conserved Across Diverse Tumor Types. Front Immunol 2020; 11:57. [PMID: 32117236 PMCID: PMC7031496 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Understanding how tumors subvert immune destruction is essential to the development of cancer immunotherapies. New evidence suggests that tumors limit anti-tumor immunity by exploiting transcriptional programs that regulate intratumoral trafficking and accumulation of effector cells. Here, we investigated the gene expression profiles that distinguish immunologically “cold” and “hot” tumors across diverse tumor types. Methods: RNAseq profiles of tumors (n = 8,920) representing 23 solid tumor types were analyzed using immune gene signatures that quantify CD8+ T cell abundance. Genes and pathways associated with a low CD8+ T cell infiltration profile (CD8-Low) were identified by correlation, differential expression, and statistical ranking methods. Gene subsets were evaluated in immunotherapy treatment cohorts and functionally characterized in cell lines and mouse tumor models. Results: Among different cancer types, we observed highly significant overlap of genes enriched in CD8-Low tumors, which included known immunomodulatory genes (e.g., BMP7, CMTM4, KDM5B, RCOR2) and exhibited significant associations with Wnt signaling, neurogenesis, cell-cell junctions, lipid biosynthesis, epidermal development, and cancer-testis antigens. Analysis of mutually exclusive gene clusters demonstrated that different transcriptional programs may converge on the T cell-cold phenotype as well as predict for response and survival of patients to Nivo treatment. Furthermore, we confirmed that a top-ranking candidate belonging to the TGF-β superfamily, BMP7, negatively regulates CD8+ T cell abundance in immunocompetent murine tumor models, with and without anti-PD-L1 treatment. Conclusions: This study presents the first evidence that solid tumors of diverse anatomical origin acquire conserved transcriptional alterations that may be operative in the T cell-cold state. Our findings demonstrate the potential clinical utility of CD8-Low tumor-associated genes for predicting patient immunotherapy outcomes and point to novel mechanisms with potential for broad therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Routh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Ashok K Pullikuth
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Guangxu Jin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Julia Chifman
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jeff W Chou
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Department of Immunobiology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Department of Immunobiology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Cristin G Print
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Yong Lu
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Goswami S, Walle T, Cornish AE, Basu S, Anandhan S, Fernandez I, Vence L, Blando J, Zhao H, Yadav SS, Ott M, Kong LY, Heimberger AB, de Groot J, Sepesi B, Overman M, Kopetz S, Allison JP, Pe'er D, Sharma P. Immune profiling of human tumors identifies CD73 as a combinatorial target in glioblastoma. Nat Med 2019; 26:39-46. [PMID: 31873309 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapy with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 has revolutionized the treatment of many solid tumors. However, the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy is limited to a subset of patients with specific tumor types1,2. Multiple clinical trials with combinatorial immune checkpoint strategies are ongoing; however, the mechanistic rationale for tumor-specific targeting of immune checkpoints is elusive. To garner an insight into tumor-specific immunomodulatory targets, we analyzed 94 patients representing five different cancer types, including those that respond relatively well to immune checkpoint therapy and those that do not, such as glioblastoma multiforme, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer. Through mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified a unique population of CD73hi macrophages in glioblastoma multiforme that persists after anti-PD-1 treatment. To test if targeting CD73 would be important for a successful combination strategy in glioblastoma multiforme, we performed reverse translational studies using CD73-/- mice. We found that the absence of CD73 improved survival in a murine model of glioblastoma multiforme treated with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1. Our data identified CD73 as a specific immunotherapeutic target to improve antitumor immune responses to immune checkpoint therapy in glioblastoma multiforme and demonstrate that comprehensive human and reverse translational studies can be used for rational design of combinatorial immune checkpoint strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Goswami
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Walle
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Radiooncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew E Cornish
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sreyashi Basu
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Swetha Anandhan
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Irina Fernandez
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luis Vence
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jorge Blando
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hao Zhao
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shalini Singh Yadav
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martina Ott
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ling Y Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James P Allison
- The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,The Immunotherapy Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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38
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Radiotherapy-Induced Changes in the Systemic Immune and Inflammation Parameters of Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091324. [PMID: 31500214 PMCID: PMC6770727 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Though radiotherapy is a local therapy, it has systemic effects mainly influencing immune and inflammation processes. This has important consequences in the long-term prognosis and therapy individualization. Our objective was to investigate immune and inflammation-related changes in the peripheral blood of head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. Peripheral blood cells, plasma and blood cell-derived RNA were isolated from 23 patients before and at two time points after radiotherapy and cellular immune parameters, plasma protein changes and gene expression alterations were studied. Increased regulatory T cells and increased CTLA4 and PD-1 expression on CD4 cells indicated an immune suppression induced by the malignant condition, which was accentuated by radiotherapy. Circulating dendritic cells were strongly elevated before treatment and were not affected by radiotherapy. Decreased endoglin levels in the plasma of patients before treatment were further decreased by radiotherapy. Expression of the FXDR, SESN1, GADD45, DDB2 and MDM2 radiation-response genes were altered in the peripheral blood cells of patients after radiotherapy. All changes were long-lasting, detectable one month after radiotherapy. In conclusion we demonstrated radiotherapy-induced changes in systemic immune parameters of head and neck cancer patients and proposed markers suitable for patient stratification worth investigating in larger patient cohorts.
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39
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Kunert A, Basak EA, Hurkmans DP, Balcioglu HE, Klaver Y, van Brakel M, Oostvogels AAM, Lamers CHJ, Bins S, Koolen SLW, van der Veldt AAM, Sleijfer S, Mathijssen RHJ, Aerts JGJV, Debets R. CD45RA +CCR7 - CD8 T cells lacking co-stimulatory receptors demonstrate enhanced frequency in peripheral blood of NSCLC patients responding to nivolumab. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:149. [PMID: 31176366 PMCID: PMC6555948 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Checkpoint inhibitors have become standard care of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet only a limited fraction of patients experiences durable clinical benefit, highlighting the need for markers to stratify patient populations. METHODS To prospectively identify patients showing response to therapy, we have stained peripheral blood samples of NSCLC patients treated with 2nd line nivolumab (n = 71), as well as healthy controls, with multiplex flow cytometry. By doing so, we enumerated 18 immune cell subsets and assessed expression for 28 T cell markers, which was followed by dimensionality reduction as well as rationale-based analyses. RESULTS In patients with a partial response (PR), representing best overall response (BOR) according to RECIST v1.1, the number of CD8 T cells at baseline and during treatment is similar to those of healthy controls, but 2-fold higher than in patients with progressive and stable disease (PD and SD). CD8 T cell populations in PR patients show enhanced frequencies of T effector memory re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA) cells, as well as T cells that express markers of terminal differentiation (CD95+) and egression from tumor tissue (CD69-). In PR patients, the fraction of CD8 T cells that lacks co-stimulatory receptors (CD28, ICOS, CD40L, 4-1BB, OX40) correlates significantly with the total numbers and differentiated phenotype of CD8 T cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that high numbers of peripheral CD8 T cells expressing differentiation markers and lacking co-stimulatory receptors at baseline are associated with response to nivolumab in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Kunert
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Office Be 430b, Wytemaweg 80, 3015, CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Edwin A Basak
- Laboratory of Translational Pharmacology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daan P Hurkmans
- Laboratory of Translational Pharmacology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hayri E Balcioglu
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Office Be 430b, Wytemaweg 80, 3015, CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yarne Klaver
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Office Be 430b, Wytemaweg 80, 3015, CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy van Brakel
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Office Be 430b, Wytemaweg 80, 3015, CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid A M Oostvogels
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Office Be 430b, Wytemaweg 80, 3015, CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cor H J Lamers
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Office Be 430b, Wytemaweg 80, 3015, CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Bins
- Laboratory of Translational Pharmacology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn L W Koolen
- Laboratory of Translational Pharmacology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron H J Mathijssen
- Laboratory of Translational Pharmacology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim G J V Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reno Debets
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Office Be 430b, Wytemaweg 80, 3015, CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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