1
|
Jiménez-Núñez JC, González-Aragón Pineda ÁE, Villanueva-Gutiérrez T, Longinos-Huerta RL, Cruz-Hervert LP, Lussi A, Borges-Yáñez SA. Erosive Tooth Wear and Associated Risk Indicators in Schoolchildren from Rural and Urban Areas of the State of Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:1090. [PMID: 39334623 PMCID: PMC11430641 DOI: 10.3390/children11091090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Limited access to health services and low educational levels are factors in the rural population that are associated with the development of oral pathologies. However, the specific risk indicators contributing to erosive tooth wear (ETW) in these populations remain unclear. The objective of this study was to identify risk indicators associated with the prevalence of erosive tooth wear (ETW) in schoolchildren aged 8-12 years from rural and urban areas in the State of Mexico. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in public schools in rural and urban areas. The prevalence of ETW was evaluated using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE). The risk indicators studied were gastroesophageal reflux, vomiting, vitamin C, food, beverages, dental hygiene, bruxism, and hyposalivation. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The prevalence of ETW was higher in the rural area (77.3%) compared to the urban area (51.2%) (p = 0.001). The odds of presenting ETW were more than twice in schoolchildren from rural areas compared to those from urban areas (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.11-3.98). Risk indicators varied between rural and urban populations, with different factors such as the consumption of fresh tomato sauce, orange, tangerine, atole (artisanal corn-based drink), and teeth grinding in the rural area, and lemon, soft drink, fruit juice consumption, and the simplified oral hygiene index in the urban area (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS To prevent ETW, strategies offering tailored dietary and hygiene advice should be proposed, considering the specific conditions of each geographic area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Cuauhtémoc Jiménez-Núñez
- Master and Doctoral Program in Medical-Dental and Health Sciences at the School of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Faculty of Higher Studies (FES) Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Tlalnepantla de Baz 54090, Mexico
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Leopoldo Longinos-Huerta
- Master and Doctoral Program in Medical-Dental and Health Sciences at the School of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Luis Pablo Cruz-Hervert
- Dental Public Health Department, Graduate and Research Division at the School of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Adrian Lussi
- University Hospital for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Socorro Aída Borges-Yáñez
- Dental Public Health Department, Graduate and Research Division at the School of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Larnani S, Song Y, Kim S, Park YS. Examining enamel-surface demineralization upon exposure to acidic solutions and the remineralization potential of milk and artificial saliva. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00960-y. [PMID: 38904919 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The enamel surface may undergo demineralization due to exposure to acidic substances and the remineralization of the etched enamel is crucial to regain or maintain integrity. This study aimed to investigate the erosive effect of 10 acidic solutions on tooth enamel and the remineralization capacity of milk and artificial saliva by measuring surface roughness (Ra), enamel depth, and microhardness. A total of 80 bovine incisor enamel specimens were immersed in 10 different acidic solutions, including four different acidic drinks, three different citric acid solutions, and three different citric acid buffer solutions, for 1 h. After demineralization, the specimens were immersed in milk and artificial saliva for 3 h. Surface roughness, enamel abraded depth, and microhardness were measured before demineralization, in-between time intervals and after remineralization. Data were analyzed using Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < 0.05). The results indicate a significant difference in surface roughness between the measurements taken at different time intervals, particularly between the baseline and after 1 h demineralization. Also, the specimens immersed in CAB1 exhibited greatest increase in Ra among other acidic solutions (Δ: 0.18 ± 0.07). Moreover, only the microhardness increased after remineralization (p < 0.05). Enamel demineralization using various acidic solutions revealed increased Ra and enamel abraded depth, and decreased microhardness. The use of remineralization agents, milk and artificial saliva, demonstrated an increase in microhardness. This study provides insights into the effects of different acidic solutions and potential remineralization agents on tooth enamel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Larnani
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngha Song
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Future Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Glenny AM, Walsh T, Iwasaki M, Kateeb E, Braga MM, Riley P, Melo P. Development of Tooth Brushing Recommendations Through Professional Consensus. Int Dent J 2024; 74:526-535. [PMID: 38052700 PMCID: PMC11123540 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite being a largely preventable disease, untreated caries of permanent teeth is estimated to affect almost 2 billion people worldwide, which is followed by severe periodontal disease. The aim of this work was to provide a professional consensus on tooth brushing methods and associated oral hygiene behaviours and develop evidence-informed recommendations. METHODS An initial scoping search was undertaken to identify systematic reviews of relevance and key questions. This was followed by comprehensive evidence mapping of the literature focussing on systematic reviews and clinical guidelines. Electronic searches of several databases including MEDLINE (via Ovid), Embase (via Ovid), Epistemonikos, and The Cochrane Library were undertaken from 2000 to May 2022, alongside a guideline repository search. Considered Judgement Forms were developed detailing the underpinning evidence, balance between benefits and harms, potential impact on the population, and feasibility of implementation. An online survey comprising 22 draft recommendations was distributed to international members of all FDI committees, including the FDI Council. Participants were asked to indicate to what level they agreed or disagreed with for each recommendation and to provide feedback. The Considered Judgement Forms were provided for reference. RESULTS Three hundred ten records were identified and mapped to different aspects of tooth brushing methods and associated behaviours. Research literature informed 7 Considered Judgement Forms comprising 12 questions with draft recommendations. Twenty-five participants from Asia, Europe, North and South America, Africa, and Australia provided feedback on the recommendations. More than 70% of respondents showed agreement with 21 of the 22 draft recommendations. Final recommendations were drafted with associated strength of recommendation. CONCLUSION Using a robust methodology and an international professional consensus, a set of evidence-informed recommendations was developed. These recommendations provide clinicians with practical guidance to facilitate communications with patients that may help to reinforce individual-level preventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Glenny
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Tanya Walsh
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
| | | | - Elham Kateeb
- Oral Health Research and Promotion Unit, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, State of Palestine
| | | | - Philip Riley
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Paulo Melo
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rolim de Lavôr J, Mendonça da Silva A, Søvik JB, Rosenblatt A, Mulic A, Vieira AR. Erosive Tooth Wear, Wine Intake, and Genetic Variation in COMT and MMP2. Caries Res 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38744254 DOI: 10.1159/000536333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erosive tooth wear (ETW) is a multifactorial condition of increasing prevalence in the younger population. This study aimed to explore the association between different ETW phenotypes with MMP2 and COMT single-nucleotide variants and selected environmental factors. METHODS Saliva samples, erosive wear, and dental caries experience data and dietary/behavioral information from 16- to 18-year-old patients (n = 747) were used. Genotypes were obtained, and phenotypes were further analyzed considering diet and behavioral data, using logistic regression as implemented in PLINK, with an alpha of 0.05. RESULTS When comparing individuals' ETW-free with those with mild ETW, an association was found with COMT rs6269 (p = 0.02). The comparison between ETW-free individuals with individuals with severe ETW also showed an association with COMT rs6269 under the recessive model (p = 0.03). Logistic regression showed that in the presence of less common alleles of MMP2 rs9923304 and COMT rs6269, ETW was more likely to occur when individuals drank wine. The GG genotype of COMT rs6269 was associated with the presence of lower (p = 0.02) and higher (p = 0.02) caries experience when individuals with ETW only in enamel were compared with individuals with ETW involving dentin. CONCLUSION The results support a role of genes in ETW, with wine consumption being identified as a significant modulator, suggesting that gene-environment interactions may contribute to the development of ETW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Rolim de Lavôr
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Jenny Bogstad Søvik
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aronita Rosenblatt
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Aida Mulic
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM), Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandre Rezende Vieira
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Wu Z, Sun P, Song J, Liu Y, Zhao J. The erosive effect of pomegranate juice on enamel: An in vitro study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298404. [PMID: 38598496 PMCID: PMC11006189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Dental erosion is a chemical-mechanical process that leads to the loss of dental hard tissues. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice on the enamel. METHODS Enamel blocks were randomly divided into three groups: deionized water, cola, and pomegranate juice. The blocks were immersed in the solutions four times a day for 14 days, and stored in artificial saliva for the remaining period. The surface hardness was measured on days 7 and 14. The surface structures of the demineralized blocks were observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the depth of demineralization was observed via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The pH, calcium, and phosphorus levels of the three solutions were analyzed. RESULTS The microhardness values of the blocks in the pomegranate juice and cola groups decreased with the increase in the demineralization time. The blocks in the pomegranate juice group exhibited large fractures in the enamel column, whereas those in the cola group had pitted enamels with destruction of the interstitial enamel column. Compared with cola group, fluorescent penetration increased in pomegranate juice (P < 0.01). The pH of cola (2.32 ± 0.09) was lower than that of pomegranate juice (3.16 ± 0.16). Furthermore, the calcium content in pomegranate juice was significantly higher than that in cola (P < 0.01). Alternatively, the concentration of phosphorous in cola was significantly higher than that in pomegranate juice (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that pomegranate juice can cause enamel demineralization with an erosive potential comparable to that of cola.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), Urumqi, China
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), Urumqi, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Xinjiang Institute for Drug Control, Urumqi, China
| | - Jie Song
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), Urumqi, China
| | - Yishan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), Urumqi, China
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Stomatology Disease Institute of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University), Urumqi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
van Swaaij BWM, Slot DE, Van der Weijden GA, Timmerman MF, Ruben J. Fluoride, pH Value, and Titratable Acidity of Commercially Available Mouthwashes. Int Dent J 2024; 74:260-267. [PMID: 37839955 PMCID: PMC10988266 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The primary objective of this work was to assess total soluble fluoride (TSF), pH values, and titratable acidity (TA) of various mouthwashes "in vitro," and the second was to compare fluoride content on labels with measured TSF. METHODS Commercial mouthwashes were collected and analysed. Company, type, manufacturer data, and active ingredients (essential oils [EO], cetylpyridinium chloride [CPC], chlorhexidine [CHX], and fluoride) were described. TSF, pH, and TA capacity were measured. Descriptive quantitative analysis were performed per mouthwash. RESULTS In total, 54 mouthwashes from 20 brands were included. These included mouthwashes with the active ingredients EO (n = 11), CPC (n = 17), CHX (n = 18), and fluoride (n = 32); 27 mouthwashes with more than 1 of these active ingredients; and 4 with none of the above-mentioned ingredients. Fluoride was present in different formulations; most contained sodium fluoride (NaF), and a few had sodium monofluorophosphate and amine fluoride + NaF. The pH values of all evaluated mouthwashes ranged from 4.1 to 7.9. Twenty mouthwashes presented pHs below 5.5, of which 10 contained fluoride. TA ranged from 0 to 48. According to the manufacturer data, mouthwashes with fluoride had concentrations from 217 to 450 ppm, with 90% in the range from 217 to 254 ppm. Laboratory data revealed that TSF ranged from 229 to 500 ppm, with 90% in the range from 229 to 337 ppm. A statistically significant difference was observed between measured TSF and the labelled fluoride content on the packaging of the fluoride mouthwashes (mean difference, 43.92 ± 34.34; P < .001). Most of these mouthwashes contained at least the amount of fluoride as mentioned on the packaging (93%). CONCLUSION The pH values and TA of commercially available mouthwashes showed a large variation. TSF levels of the fluoride mouthwashes were found to be at least the amount of fluoride as labelled. Dental care professionals should be aware of the pH, TA, fluoride content, and other active ingredients of different mouthwashes to better understand their potential impact on oral health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B W M van Swaaij
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Dental Hygiene, Hogeschool Arnhem Nijmegen, University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - D E Slot
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G A Van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M F Timmerman
- Department of Implantology and Periodontology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Ruben
- Department of Dentistry, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Amekyeh H, Kumadoh D, Adongo DW, Orman E, Abubakar S, Dwamena A, Aggrey MO. Evaluation of packaging, labels, and some physicochemical properties of herbal antimalarial products on the Ghanaian market. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27032. [PMID: 38463810 PMCID: PMC10920373 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Malaria is a parasitic disease that is endemic in tropical areas and can be life-threatening. There has been a decrease in the prevalence of malaria in Ghana but the burden of the disease is still high in the country. Many Ghanaians depend on herbal products for malaria treatment. This study aimed to survey and evaluate commercial herbal antimalarials in the Volta Region of Ghana. Methods A survey of finished herbal antimalarials was done at herbal shops, pharmacies, and over-the-counter medicine seller shops. Products available on shelves were purchased and their details were recorded, after which they were examined using a visual inspection tool. The density, pH, and extract weight per dose of each sample were also determined. Results Thirty-four liquid formulations (A-1-34) containing 1-9 different herbs were found. The majority of the product labels had errors in consumer age classifications. Unconventional ways of stating doses were found on two products (A-13, "tot"; A-19, cupful). Six products did not have dosing devices. No duration of treatment was indicated on 24 products. Dose errors were found on A-14 and A-22. Samples A-17 and A-28 did not have registration or batch numbers. Product A-28 did not have its herbs listed on it and was indicated for persons aged 3-8 years at a dose of 45 mL. The relative density range for the products was 0.997-1.015. From the pH investigation, no product was extremely erosive; however, 10 samples were deemed erosive (pH, 3.0-3.99), whereas 24 were minimally erosive (pH, ≥4.0). The extract weight per dose volume (20-90 mL) was 0.048-1.766 g, indicating that unit dose capsules or tablets could be formulated from the products. Conclusion The findings clearly show that Ghanaian authorities responsible for regulating herbal products must enforce guidelines for the formulation, label details, and sale of antimalarial products. Additionally, the unpleasant taste of liquid herbal mixtures can affect patient compliance and dosing convenience; therefore, it is recommended that oral solid dosage forms of herbal antimalarials are produced as alternatives to the liquid mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Amekyeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Doris Kumadoh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana
- Department of Production, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana
| | - Donatus Wewura Adongo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Orman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Sadique Abubakar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Audrey Dwamena
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Mike Okweesi Aggrey
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim JH, Kim S, Park YS. Effects of a commercial whitening toothpaste containing hydrogen peroxide and citric acid on dentin abrasion and erosion. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:619. [PMID: 37658357 PMCID: PMC10474654 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen peroxide (HP) and citric acid (CA), key contributors to toothpaste acidity, can lead to dental loss. This study aimed to compare the amount of abrasion or loss of dentin based on pH, buffering, and concentration of HP and CA in commercial and experimental toothpastes after toothbrushing or immersion. METHODS Bovine dentin specimens were randomly assigned to nine solutions. The prepared solutions included two commercial toothpastes (whitening toothpaste [WT] with HP and CA; conventional toothpaste [CT] without HP and CA), reference slurry (RS), two CA solutions (1.92%, CAS1; 0.001%, CAS2), basic solution (7.16% sodium phosphate dibasic [SPDS]), CA phosphate buffer solution (3.58% SPDS and 0.96% CA [CAPB]), HP solution (4%, HPS), and distilled water (DW). Dentin specimens were performed in two treatments: one with only abrasion (10,000 brushings) and one with only immersion (1 h). After treatments, the amount of dentin loss and surface images were measured and observed using noncontact profilometry. Data were analyzed using an one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test as a post hoc analysis (p < 0.05). RESULTS WT with pH 5.0 had lower dentin abrasion than CT and RS after brushing but had higher dentin loss than both after immersion. The dentin surfaces of CAS1, CAPB, and WT were damaged after immersion, whereas HPS, CAS2, CT, SPDS, RS, and DW remained intact after soaking. CAS2 and HPS, which had a pH of 5.0 like WT, did not significantly differ from those of DW after brushing. CONCLUSIONS WT containing HP and CA did not cause significant dentin abrasion but may cause additional dentin loss even without brushing. After brushing or immersion, the CA concentration may affect the dentin surface more than the HP concentration included in WT. The amount of abrasion or loss of dentin after brushing or soaking can vary based on the composition, concentration, and buffer in the solution, even if the pH of the solution is similar to pH 5.0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Heon Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Future Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lind E, Mähönen H, Latonen RM, Lassila L, Pöllänen M, Loimaranta V, Laine M. Erosive potential of ice tea beverages and kombuchas. Acta Odontol Scand 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37192014 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2023.2199848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Kombuchas and other tea-based beverages are often perceived as healthy products despite the lack of knowledge on their effects on oral health. This in vitro study determined the erosive potential of commercial kombuchas, and ice teas compared to cola drinks. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pH and fluoride content of 7 kombuchas and 18 tea drinks were measured with ion-selective electrodes. Calcium dissolution from hydroxyapatite grains was quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy after beverage exposure. The effect of beverages on the enamel surface was visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Distilled water, and cola drinks were used as negative and positive controls. RESULTS The kombuchas exhibited lower pH values (2.82-3.66) than the ice teas (2.94-4.86), but still higher than the cola drinks (2.48-2.54). The fluoride concentration varied between 0.05 and 0.46 ppm and for 7 beverages the concentration was below the detection limit. The calcium release for kombuchas was 198-746 mg/l, for ice teas 16.1-507 mg/l, and for cola drinks 57.7-71.9 mg/l. Twenty-two beverages had a significantly greater calcium release than the cola drinks (p = .009-.014). The surface etching of the enamel was seen in the SEM analysis after beverage exposure. CONCLUSIONS Tea-based beverages have even higher erosive potential than cola drinks. Kombuchas especially, displayed a considerable erosive potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lind
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hilma Mähönen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Rose-Marie Latonen
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marja Pöllänen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- The Finnish Medical Society Duodecim, Current Care, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Merja Laine
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Cariology and Restorative Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Erosive Potential and Sugar Content of Popular Beverages: A Double Whammy for Dentition. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:9924186. [PMID: 36845626 PMCID: PMC9946762 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9924186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to identify the pH level and subsequently the erosive potential of beverages including their sugar content. Materials and Methods Beverages were purchased from a local convenience store, and some of the beverages were freshly prepared. The acidity of each beverage was identified using a calibrated pH meter. The pH was obtained in triplicate, and the results were expressed in average values with standard deviations. The pH values were then used to determine their erosive potential and the sugar content was obtained from the packaging and recorded. Results A total of 167 beverages were purchased and categorized. The beverages were categorized into 15 groups: milk tea, hawker drinks, instant drinks, fresh fruit juices, milk, energy drinks, designer coffee, soda, canned drinks, cultured milk, vegetable juices, cordials, bottled fruit drinks, tea, and mineral water. The pH value ranges from 2.65 to 7.85. Seven beverages (4.2%) were classified as extremely erosive, 53 beverages (31.1%) were classified as erosive, and 36 beverages (21.6%) were classified as minimally erosive. In total, 57.5% of the beverages were potentially erosive, and most of the soda and energy drinks were erosive. The highest sugar content per 100 g was BOH Teh Tarik Original (71.8 g), whereas the highest sugar content per serving was Carabao energy drink (10.8 g). Conclusion High sugar content and low acidic content of beverages could have a negative impact on the dentition. An intervention is required from a public health perspective to regulate the consumption of sweetened and flavored beverages.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pattem J, Field J, Waterhouse PJ, German MJ. The dynamic interplay of dietary acid pH and concentration during early-stage human enamel and dentine erosion. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.1040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental erosion continues to be a significant global health concern affecting nearly 30% of adults world-wide. With increasing soft drink consumption predominantly driving its prevalence, strategies for prevention and control are often implemented when erosion is severe, or rates are high in the populace. While factors affecting dental erosion such as pH on enamel has received much attention, the effect of dietary acid concentration when factored out to a commercially available pH has yet to be determined. Furthermore, understanding these effects on dentine, which is known to be more susceptible to erosion than enamel can unravel structure property relationships between acid characteristics and hard tissue types. This study aimed to develop structure-property relationships between dietary acid concentration, and pH, on the nano-textural and nano-mechanical properties of human enamel and dentine during short-term simulated drinking. To achieve this, a novel sample preparation methodology and analysis approach was developed by applying atomic force microscopy (AFM) in quantitative imaging mode. This enabled simultaneous measurement of enamel and dentine morphology and mechanical properties. Flow-cells were used to simulate drinking, exposing polished and smear layer free human enamel and dentine to 30 s repeated cycles of unbuffered citric acid 6% (pH = 1.88) and 1% (w/v) (pH = 2.55) and commercially available buffered pH = 3.8 states, for up to 180 s. The same 50 µm × 50 µm area of specimen morphology was analysed using in-house developed nanotextural analysis using the bearing area curve (BAC) with a focus on roughness (Ra), normalised peak (PA) and valley areas (VA). Mechanical properties were simultaneously measured for stiffness (N/m) after each 30 s. While all studies agree pH is a major factor in the erosion of enamel, here its dominance over the treatment time varied, with concentration surpassing the importance of pH after initial acid contact. Conversely, dentine erosion showed concentration-dependent changes in morpho-mechanical properties only. These results not only highlight the dynamic process of erosion, but how the interplay between acid characteristics and dental tissue type impact the progression of very early-stage erosion.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Jin T, Zhu W, Pandya M, Gopinathan G, Allen M, Reed D, Keiderling T, Liao X, Diekwisch TGH. Highly acidic pH facilitates enamel protein self-assembly, apatite crystal growth and enamel protein interactions in the early enamel matrix. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1019364. [PMID: 36569763 PMCID: PMC9772882 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1019364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth enamel develops within a pH sensitive amelogenin-rich protein matrix. The purpose of the present study is to shed light on the intimate relationship between enamel matrix pH, enamel protein self-assembly, and enamel crystal growth during early amelogenesis. Universal indicator dye staining revealed highly acidic pH values (pH 3-4) at the exocytosis site of secretory ameloblasts. When increasing the pH of an amelogenin solution from pH 5 to pH 7, there was a gradual increase in subunit compartment size from 2 nm diameter subunits at pH 5 to a stretched configuration at pH6 and to 20 nm subunits at pH 7. HSQC NMR spectra revealed that the formation of the insoluble amelogenin self-assembly structure at pH6 was critically mediated by at least seven of the 11 histidine residues of the amelogenin coil domain (AA 46-117). Comparing calcium crystal growth on polystyrene plates, crystal length was more than 20-fold elevated at pH 4 when compared to crystals grown at pH 6 or pH 7. To illustrate the effect of pH on enamel protein self-assembly at the site of initial enamel formation, molar teeth were immersed in phosphate buffer at pH4 and pH7, resulting in the formation of intricate berry tree-like assemblies surrounding initial enamel crystal assemblies at pH4 that were not evident at pH7 nor in citrate buffer. Amelogenin and ameloblastin enamel proteins interacted at the secretory ameloblast pole and in the initial enamel layer, and co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed that this amelogenin/ameloblastin interaction preferentially takes place at pH 4-pH 4.5. Together, these studies highlight the highly acidic pH of the very early enamel matrix as an essential contributing factor for enamel protein structure and self-assembly, apatite crystal growth, and enamel protein interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Dallas, Illinois, United States
| | - Tianquan Jin
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Dallas, Illinois, United States
| | - Weiying Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Mirali Pandya
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A and M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Gokul Gopinathan
- Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A and M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Michael Allen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - David Reed
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Dallas, Illinois, United States
| | - Timothy Keiderling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States,*Correspondence: Timothy Keiderling, ; Xiubei Liao, ; Thomas G. H. Diekwisch,
| | - Xiubei Liao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States,*Correspondence: Timothy Keiderling, ; Xiubei Liao, ; Thomas G. H. Diekwisch,
| | - Thomas G. H. Diekwisch
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Dallas, Illinois, United States,Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A and M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, United States,*Correspondence: Timothy Keiderling, ; Xiubei Liao, ; Thomas G. H. Diekwisch,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ludovichetti FS, Signoriello AG, Colussi N, Zuccon A, Stellini E, Mazzoleni S. Soft drinks and dental erosion during pediatric age: a clinical investigation. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2022; 71:262-269. [PMID: 36321620 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.22.04662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental erosion is an irreversible condition of loss of teeth hard tissues caused by intrinsic or extrinsic acids attack, without bacterial involvement. Common soft drinks have an acid pH and they release hydrogen ions and act as chelating agents, dissolving teeth mineral component. The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between the consumption of soft drinks in children and the degree of dental erosion. METHODS A questionnaire of 15 multiple choice questions was addressed to the parents of the 231 children needing different dental treatments. Responses were compared with the level of dental erosion of their child, that was clinically investigated using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index. RESULTS About 26.8% of subjects fall into a high-risk category of dental erosion while 24.2% in a low risk level. Socioeconomic status and oral hygiene habits are able to affect the degree of dental erosion. Toothpastes containing fluoride have not proved effective in preventing this phenomenon and no significant correlations were found between the type of toothbrush used and its frequency of use. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to apply preventive measures such as information on the processes and causes of erosion, instruction about right home oral hygiene maneuvers and the possible use of specific products, to avoid the development of problems related to severe dental wear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna G Signoriello
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Noemi Colussi
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Zuccon
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Edoardo Stellini
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sergio Mazzoleni
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Evaluating the pH of Various Commercially Available Beverages in Pakistan: Impact of Highly Acidic Beverages on the Surface Hardness and Weight Loss of Human Teeth. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7030102. [PMID: 35892372 PMCID: PMC9332429 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the pH of common beverages and to evaluate the effects of common acidic beverages on the surface hardness and weight loss of human tooth specimens. A total of 106 beverages were conveniently purchased from supermarkets in Karachi, Pakistan. Prior to evaluation, beverages were refrigerated or stored at room temperature in accordance with the manufacturers’ recommendations. Beverages were categorized into six groups: ‘Sports and Energy drinks’, ‘Water’, ‘Fruit Juices and Drinks’, ‘Sodas’, ‘Milk and Flavored Milk’ and ‘Teas and Coffee’. Using a pH meter, the pH of each beverage was measured in triplicate at room temperature. In addition, the influence of five highly acidic beverages on the weight loss and surface hardness of human tooth specimens was evaluated using gravimetric analysis and the Vickers hardness tester, respectively. ‘Sports and Energy drinks’, ‘Fruits Juices and Drinks’ and ‘Sodas’ were the most acidic beverage categories, with a pH range of 3.00−5.00. A total of 33% of beverages tested in this study were highly acidic (pH less than 4.00), 29% of beverages were moderately acidic (pH 4.00−4.99) and 31% were mildly acidic (pH 5.00−6.99). Significant weight loss was observed in all immersed specimens compared to control counterparts (p < 0.05). Similarly, for surface hardness, five highly acidic beverages (Red Bull, Pepsi, Apple Cidra, Tang Mosambi and Tang Orange) significantly decreased the surface hardness of specimens (p < 0.05). The pH levels of commonly available beverages in Pakistan are highly acidic, which may encourage loss of minerals from teeth; hence, affecting their surface hardness.
Collapse
|
15
|
Analysis of Erosive Nature of Fruit Beverages Fortified with Calcium Ions: An In Vitro Study Evaluating Dental Erosion in Primary Teeth. ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:3756384. [PMID: 35720160 PMCID: PMC9203231 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3756384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since children frequently consume acidic fruit beverages, dental erosion is common in children. The erosive effects on primary teeth are more profound due to the lesser thickness of enamel and dentin. This study evaluated if calcium fortification of fruit beverages could reduce their erosive potential. Methodology. Tropicana Orange Delight was the fruit beverage chosen and fortified with calcium carbonate. Forty noncarious extracted primary teeth were equally distributed into four groups. Samples in group A were exposed to calcium-fortified fruit beverages and group B to nonfortified fruit beverages for 1, 2, and 3 min. The pH and calcium ion concentration of both the fruit beverages were evaluated from baseline through the test period. Samples in groups C and D were then exposed to fortified and nonfortified fruit beverages for 10, 20, and 30 min. The surface roughness and microhardness of these samples were analysed. Results Due to fortification, the pH and calcium ion concentration of fortified beverages was higher compared to nonfortified beverages at baseline. The calcium ion concentration of fortified beverages decreased from baseline in contrast to an increase in the nonfortified beverage group. This indicates that fortified beverage is less erosive in nature. The surface roughness of samples in the fortified beverage group did not decrease significantly from baseline. In the nonfortified beverage group, surface roughness values at 20 and 30 min of exposure were higher than baseline, suggesting that significant erosive changes occur at the prolonged duration of exposure. The microhardness values of samples in the fortified beverage group increased from baseline through the test period, suggestive of resistance to erosion offered by calcium fortification. The microhardness values of samples in the nonfortified beverage group decreased through the test period, suggestive of erosion. Conclusion Calcium fortification of this fruit beverage significantly reduces its erosive potential on primary teeth.
Collapse
|
16
|
Fernández CE, Brandao ACS, Bícego-Pereira EC, Del Bel Cury AA, Cury JA, Tenuta LMA. Effect of pH and titratable acidity on enamel and dentine erosion. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5867-5873. [PMID: 35588021 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relative effect of pH and titratable acidity on tooth erosion remains unclear. We determined the effect of both properties on in vivo salivary pH recovery and on enamel and dentine early erosion in situ. METHODS Solutions simulating acidic beverages with different pHs (2.5 or 3.5) and titratable acidities (0, 25, or 100 mM citric acid) were tested. In an in vivo study (n = 20 participants), the salivary pH was determined before, during, and up to 2 min after exposure to the tested solutions. In situ, 12 participants exposed enamel and root dentine slabs to the tested solutions simulating a beverage consumption; early erosion was assessed by percentage of surface hardness loss (%SHL). Groups were compared by ANOVA (p < 0.05). RESULTS Saliva pH was lower after exposure to solutions at pH 2.5, irrespective of titratable acidity; pH recovery took longer for solutions with higher titratable acidities, irrespective of their pHs. In situ, the highest %SHL was observed for the solution with lower pH and higher titratable acidities. The addition of citric acid increased the %SHL by 2.5-3 times in enamel, and at least 5 times in dentine. CONCLUSIONS Both pH and titratable acidity may play a role on the erosive potential of acidic beverages. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Acidic beverages with lower pHs promote erosion by an initial acid etching of the surface; those with a higher titratable acidity slow down the salivary pH recovery. Both properties contribute to the overall erosive potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constanza E Fernández
- Cariology Unit, Department Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Jaime A Cury
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Livia M A Tenuta
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave. Room 5223, MI, 48109-1078, Ann Arbor, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Beltrami R, Colombo M, Bitonti G, Chiesa M, Poggio C, Pietrocola G. Restorative Materials Exposed to Acid Challenge: Influence of Temperature on In Vitro Weight Loss. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:30. [PMID: 35323187 PMCID: PMC8945017 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of acidic beverages and foods could provoke erosive damage, both for teeth and for restorative materials. Temperatures of consumption could influence the erosive effects of these products. The aim of this in vitro study is to assess the influence of an acidic challenge on the weight loss of different restorative materials. Resin composites and glass-ionomer cements (GIC) were tested. The medium of storage was Coca-Cola (Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Company, Milano, Italy) at two different temperatures, 4 and 37 °C, respectively for Group A and Group B. For each group, nine specimens were prepared for each material tested. After 7 days, weight was assessed for each sample, and the percentage weight loss was calculated. For all the resin composites (Groups 1−13), no significant weight losses were noticed. (<1%). Conversely, GICs (Groups 14 and 15) showed significant weight loss during the acidic challenge, which was reduced in the case of these materials that included a protective layer applied above. Significant differences were registered with intra-group analysis; weight loss for specimens immersed in Coca Cola at 37 °C was significantly higher for almost all materials tested when compared to specimens exposed to a cooler medium. In conclusion, all the resin composites showed reliable behaviour when exposed to acidic erosion, whereas glass-ionomer cements generally tended to solubilize.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Beltrami
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.C.); (G.B.); (M.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Marco Colombo
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.C.); (G.B.); (M.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Gianpaolo Bitonti
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.C.); (G.B.); (M.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Marco Chiesa
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.C.); (G.B.); (M.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Claudio Poggio
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.C.); (G.B.); (M.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Morgado M, Ascenso C, Carmo J, Mendes JJ, Manso AC. pH analysis of still and carbonated bottled water: Potential influence on dental erosion. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:552-560. [PMID: 35191217 PMCID: PMC9033543 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess pH values to characterize bottled water in Portugal, being able to provide information for both patients and clinicians about its erosive potential, as a tool to prevent the ingrowing prevalence of dental erosion and its progression, especially in patients who are at greater risk, such as those with dry mouth syndrome, making the dissemination of this knowledge a fundamental tool for clinical decision. Materials and Methods One hundred and five common brands of bottled water (n = 105), commercialized in Portugal, were analyzed. Of these, 73 were smooth water (Group A) and 32 carbonated water (Group B). All pH values were assessed by potentiometric measurement with a calibrated electrode. For each brand, five independent measurements were recorded at 25°C for further calculation of the mean pH value and standard deviation. Results Focusing on the mean pH values from Group A, one had a pH mean value lower than 5.2, four between 5.2 and 5.5, thirty‐seven between 5.5 and 6.8, and thirty‐one higher than 6.8. In Group B, ten had a mean pH value lower than 5.2, ten between 5.2 and 5.5, twelve between 5.5 and 6.8, and none above 6.8. Conclusions Bottled water, commercialized in Portugal, has different mean pH values, some below the critical threshold of enamel and/or dentin, suggesting that they may have a greater risk of consumption than others, only with respect to the pH parameter of erosive potential. Further investigation concerning this area is needed for wider conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Morgado
- Clinical Research Unit, Egas Moniz Higher Education School Centro de investigação interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM) Caparica Portugal
| | - Carla Ascenso
- Clinical Research Unit, Egas Moniz Higher Education School Centro de investigação interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM) Caparica Portugal
| | - Joana Carmo
- Clinical Research Unit, Egas Moniz Higher Education School Centro de investigação interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM) Caparica Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Clinical Research Unit, Egas Moniz Higher Education School Centro de investigação interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM) Caparica Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Manso
- Clinical Research Unit, Egas Moniz Higher Education School Centro de investigação interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM) Caparica Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Efficacy of Two Toothpaste in Preventing Tooth Erosive Lesions Associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Patients suffering from acid reflux due to endogenous causes are often affected by gastroesophageal reflux disease which, in the oral environment, causes lingual and palatal enamel erosion. As enamel does not have the intrinsic ability to repair itself, the application of alloplastic materials, such as toothpastes is suggestable. The aim of this “in vitro” study was to compare the effectiveness of two different toothpastes in preventing erosion due to gastroesophageal reflux disease. Six tooth elements from bovine jaws were prepared using a high-speed diamond bur and water irrigation. Acid attack simulation was carried out using a 15% HCl hydrochloric acid solution. After that, two different toothpastes with or without fluoride, were brushed at the sample surface using an electric toothbrush at standard position and force. SEM and profilometer analysis were performed. Statistically significant difference was found in average tooth surface roughness after using toothpaste with or without fluoride after the acid attack, as the former offered a greater remineralization. No difference was found in long-term prevention. Fluoridated toothpastes offer a greater degree of remineralization at a first acid attack, however, there is no difference in long-term prevention independently from the toothpaste type.
Collapse
|
20
|
Beltrami R, Colombo M, Cavada A, Panizzi S, Poggio C, Scribante A. Influence of Enamel Exposure to Acidic Drink on Shear Bond Strength of Different Fissure Sealants. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:20. [PMID: 35049729 PMCID: PMC8772824 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the influence of bovine enamel exposure to acidic drinks (Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Company, Milano, Italy, pH = 2.37) on shear bond strength of three sealants (Fissurit; Grandio Seal and Admira Fusion-Voco Gmbh, Cuxhaven, Germany). For each sealant, two adhesive techniques were tested to investigate the impact of the adhesive application on shear bond strength of sealants after immersion in acidic drink and in the control: Group 1-Control: enamel surface was not in contact with acid drinks, acid etching application and self-adhesive technique for fissure sealant; Group 2-enamel surface was not in contact with acid drinks, acid etching, and adhesive applications, an etch-and-rinse technique for fissure sealant; Group 3-enamel surface was immersed in acid drink, acid etching application and self-adhesive technique for fissure sealant; Group 4-enamel surface was immersed in acid drink, acid etching, and adhesive applications, an etch-and-rinse technique for fissure sealant. For each specimen, the sealant composite resin was applied to the enamel surface and tested with a universal testing machine. Shear bond strength was measured in MPa and with an optical microscope to determine failure modes, quantified with adhesive remnant index (ARI). Enamel acidification variably influenced bond strength values of the different sealants. When no enamel pretreatment was applied, no significant differences were found among the sealants (p > 0.05). However, the mere application of acid etching without adhesive procedures resulted in lower bond strength (p < 0.001). The acid pretreatment affected significantly the bond strength of all sealants tested (p < 0.001), but no significant differences were recorded between the subgroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Beltrami
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.C.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (C.P.); (A.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Investigation of the effect of gastroesophageal reflux disease on dental erosion and oral tissue alterations. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.943150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
22
|
Venkatesan K, Srinivasan B, Padmanabhan S. Adverse effect of consumption of carbonated soft drinks on orthodontic treatment – A systematic review. Indian J Dent Res 2021; 32:505-513. [DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_647_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
23
|
Carvalho TS, Pham KN, Niemeyer SH, Baumann T. The effect of red wine in modifying the salivary pellicle and modulating dental erosion kinetics. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 129:e12749. [PMID: 33381873 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of red wine in modulating dental erosion kinetics in the presence or absence of salivary pellicle. Polished human enamel specimens were used in two conditions; presence or absence of acquired enamel pellicle; and subdivided according to exposure: red wine, orange juice, apple juice, or citric acid. The specimens were incubated in clarified whole human saliva (presence of acquired enamel pellicle) or in a humid chamber (absence of acquired enamel pellicle) for 2 h at 37°C, then in the test substances for 1 min, at 25°C, under shaking. This was repeated four times. Surface hardness was measured initially and after each cycle and surface reflection intensity was measured initially and after all cycles. In the presence of acquired enamel pellicle, red wine caused the least surface hardness loss, followed by orange juice, apple juice, and citric acid. Statistically significantly less surface reflection intensity loss was observed for red wine and orange juice than for apple juice and citric acid. In the absence of acquired enamel pellicle, red wine and orange juice caused less surface hardness loss than apple juice and citric acid. Orange juice showed the least surface reflection intensity loss, followed by red wine, citric acid, and apple juice. The polyphenol composition of these drinks can notably modulate the erosion kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago S Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Khoa N Pham
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samira H Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tommy Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sarialioglu Gungor A, Donmez N. Dentin erosion preventive effects of various plant extracts: An in vitro atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and nanoindentation study. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:1042-1052. [PMID: 33264465 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The overall consumption of acidic beverages has become more common, making the prevention and treatment of dental erosion an important consideration. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of various plant extracts in preventing dentin erosion. Seven experimental groups (fluoride-free water, fluoride-containing mouthwash [Colgate Plax], green tea, rosehip, clove, pomegranate, and grape seed) were formed, each consisting of 20 bovine dentin samples. The specimens were exposed daily to demineralization and remineralization cycles three times per day over 5 days through a 5-min plant extract application before each erosive episode. Surface roughness, nanohardness values, and morphological changes on dentin surfaces were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), nanoindentation, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests (p < .05). There were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of nanohardness values (p < .05), except for the pomegranate and grape seed groups. The highest nanohardness value was observed in the clove group (1.24 ± 0.34 GPa), whereas the lowest nanohardness value was noted in the grape seed group (0.20 ± 0.04 GPa). The nanohardness values of positive and negative control groups after erosion cycles were statistically higher than the initial nanohardness values (p < .05).There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in surface roughness values (p > .05). Macromolecular deposits were observed both in the SEM and AFM images of the pomegranate, Colgate, and rosehip groups. It can be concluded that the clove extract group is more successful in preventing dentin erosion than the other groups. Green tea is also effective in preventing dentin erosion, similar to clove extract. The application of plant extracts may be a new treatment strategy in preventing dentin erosion. Plant extracts may also reduce the severity of existing dentin erosion. Clove and green tea extracts may present novel natural therapy potential by inhibiting dentin erosion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Sarialioglu Gungor
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazmiye Donmez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li P, Oh C, Kim H, Chen-Glasser M, Park G, Jetybayeva A, Yeom J, Kim H, Ryu J, Hong S. Nanoscale effects of beverages on enamel surface of human teeth: An atomic force microscopy study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103930. [PMID: 32957225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dental erosion has become a prevalence disease and attracted increasing attention worldwide. In this research, we quantitatively evaluate the mechanical and morphological changes in the very early stages of softening and weakening of human enamel surfaces induced by soft drinks using atomic force microscopy (AFM). With an increase of the immersion time in soft drinks, we found a significant increase of surface roughness (Rq) of the enamel surface. The prismatic structure of enamel was clearly observed after a 1-h immersion in Coca-Cola®, which shows its strong erosion effect. According to the elastic modulus mapping images obtained by AFM, a considerable decrease of elastic modulus (E) of enamel surface has been found as the enamel surface structures are etched away by soft drinks. A high surface roughness of enamel will result in a high chance of cavities due to easier bacterial adhesion on rougher surface, while a drastic deterioration of the mechanical properties of the enamel will weaken its protection property. Our findings show the serious influence of acidic drinks on enamel surface at the very beginning stage of etching process, which is quite meaningful for people to prevent dental erosion and keep dental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungik Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Melodie Chen-Glasser
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Albina Jetybayeva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Yeom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjae Ryu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbum Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; KAIST Institute for NanoCentury (KINC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wijedasa NP, Broas SM, Daso RE, Banerjee IA. Varying fish scale derived hydroxyapatite bound hybrid peptide nanofiber scaffolds for potential applications in periodontal tissue regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
27
|
Jacob S, Babu A, Sasidharan Latha S, Vivekanandan Glorine SJ, Surendran L, Gopinathan AS. Independent Variables of Dental Erosion among Tertiary Care Hospital Patients of a Developing Country. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2019; 9:612-618. [PMID: 32039082 PMCID: PMC6905309 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_340_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Dental erosion is a multifactorial condition, which is mostly influenced by environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental erosion, its associated risk factors, and their correlation with severity of the condition. Materials and Methods A total of 430 patients who attended the outpatient section of Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, were selected by systematic sampling method. Erosion was diagnosed by clinical examination and graded using Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index. A pretested structured questionnaire on age, gender, medical history, medication history, and food habits was used. Results and Conclusion Among the study population, 44% (95% confidence interval, 39.3%-48.7%) had dental erosion. Age above 45 years (79.7%, P = 0.000), male population (50%, P = 0.032), residents of rural area (49.1%, P = 0.000), patients with asthma (84.2%, P = 0.000), diabetes (90.9%, P = 0.000), gastroesophageal reflux disorder (91.7%, P = 0.001), and frequent consumption of orange (68.9%, P = 0.000) were identified as factors associated with erosion. The prevalence of dental erosion in the community was high. Results of the study established that better awareness of the condition, better facilities for its early diagnosis in the community, and development of proper preventive strategies are required to reduce the severity of dental erosion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Jacob
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anulekh Babu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Satheesh Sasidharan Latha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - Linu Surendran
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anupama S Gopinathan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Marro F, Bottenberg P, Jacquet W, Martens L. School Food Policies Related to Soft Drink and Fruit Juice Consumption as a Function of Education Type in Flanders, Belgium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2718. [PMID: 31366064 PMCID: PMC6695772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent data on erosive tooth wear (ETW) in Belgium have associated a vocational/technical type of education with ETW risk. Since the role of schools is essential to the promotion of healthy diets, this study aimed to investigate school food policies (SFP) related to soft drink and fruit juice consumption and to detect differences among schools in Flanders, Belgium (BE-F). An online questionnaire related to the control of acidic beverages and promotion of healthy drinking habits was sent to all Flemish secondary schools. For analysis, schools (n = 275) were grouped by type of education (vocational secondary education (VSE) and general secondary education (GSE)), and by socioeconomic status. Multiple factor analyses (MFA) were performed to identify schools with a similar SFP profile. Additionally, descriptive analyses were performed to determine other associations. Overall, 44% of schools in BE-F claimed to have written SFP related to the consumption of soft drinks. SFP expressly prohibiting or limiting acidic beverages were significantly more frequent in GSE schools (p < 0.05), where a higher economic status was present. This study shows that a considerable group of schools in BE-F have no or incomplete rules concerning acidic beverage consumption. Such rules differ between types of education, with VSE schools reporting less control regarding the consumption of drinks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Marro
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PAECOMEDIS Research Cluster, Gent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Peter Bottenberg
- Department of Educational Sciences EDWE-LOCI, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Jacquet
- Department of Educational Sciences EDWE-LOCI, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Oral Health Research Group ORHE, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Martens
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PAECOMEDIS Research Cluster, Gent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fischer T, Elpers C, Och U, Fobker M, Marquardt T. Ketone body therapy with D/L-β-hydroxybutyric acid solution in severe MADD. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019; 20:100491. [PMID: 31312603 PMCID: PMC6610240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is a severe inborn disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. The only treatment option for MADD is the use of exogenous ketone bodies, like sodium β-hydroxybutyrate (NaβHB). However, the use of ketone body salts leads to a high intake of accompanying minerals, which can lead to additional side effects. The use of mineral-free formulations could improve tolerability. Methods In this report, the use of a βHB acid (βHBA) in a patient with MADD is described. The production of D/L-βHBA was carried out using ion exchange chromatography (IEX) and using a precipitation method. During two inpatient treatment intervals, the tolerability as well as clinical and metabolic effects were monitored. D-βHB in serum, blood gas analysis, and standard blood measurements (like minerals) were used as control parameters. Results Production of D/L-βHBA using the precipitation method was more effective than using IEX. The tube feed solution used had a minimum pH of 3.5. Capillary D-βHB measurements were between 0.1 and 0.4 mmol/L and venous were at 0.1 mmol/L or below. Minerals and serum pH were within the normal range. During application of D/L-βHBA, gastrointestinal discomfort occurred and no clinical improvement was observed. Conclusions The use of D/L-βHBA in the therapy of severe MADD could be a good addition to the use of classical ketone body salts. The observed gastrointestinal side effects were of a mild nature and could not be specifically attributed to the D/L-βHBA treatment. In short-term application, no clinical benefit and no substantial increase of D-βHB in serum were noted. No tendency towards acidosis or alkalosis was observed during the entire period of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fischer
- University Hospital Muenster, Department of Pediatrics, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Christiane Elpers
- University Hospital Muenster, Department of Pediatrics, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Ulrike Och
- University Hospital Muenster, Department of Pediatrics, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Manfred Fobker
- University Hospital Muenster, Center of laboratory medicine, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- University Hospital Muenster, Department of Pediatrics, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mehta LK, Hegde A, Thomas A, Virdi MS. Acidogenic Potential of Packaged Fruit Juices and its Effect on Plaque and Salivary pH. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 12:312-317. [PMID: 31866717 PMCID: PMC6898880 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to analyze the acidogenic potential of the various commercially available fruit juices and to evaluate the salivary and plaque pH changes before and after consumption of the fruit juices that were kept at various temperatures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Baseline plaque and salivary pH were measured for 30 volunteers, and the test was conducted for 4 consecutive days on which juices with a known pH was consumed, which were kept at varying temperatures. The resulting changes in the plaque and salivary pH were measured after 1, 5, 15, and 30 minutes of the consumption of the fruit juices using a portable standard digital pH meter. RESULTS Among the three juices compared, grape juice was found to be more acidic compared to the orange juice and pineapple juice. The pH fall was maximum after consumption of grape juice followed by orange and pineapple juice, respectively. The consumption of ice candy caused a greater fall in pH followed by the refrigerated juice and the juices that were kept at room temperature, respectively. CONCLUSION Parents are unaware of the harmful effects of endogenous acids in the fruit juices and their effect on the teeth. We, as primary dental care providers, should take initiatives to provide adequate knowledge and information regarding this new trend of consuming frozen fruit juices and must strongly discourage this form of consumption as a frequent habit. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Though many presume that the readily available fruit juices are healthy, frequent consumption of these fruit juices causes acid dissolution of enamel as most of these juices have a pH below the critical level. Hence the present study was conducted to evaluate the erosive potential of the various commercial fruit juices. As with increased awareness by both the dentists and the parents, the problem of fruit-juice-induced tooth loss may be reduced. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE Mehta LK, Hegde A, et al. Acidogenic Potential of Packaged Fruit Juices and its Effect on Plaque and Salivary pH. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(4):312-317.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lata K Mehta
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, PDM Dental College and Research Institute, Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India
| | - Amitha Hegde
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Medical Sciences Complex, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ann Thomas
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, AJ Institute of Dental Sciences, Kuntikana, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mandeep Singh Virdi
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, PDM Dental College and Research Institute, Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Philip ST, Abdulla AM, Ganapathy S, Vedam V, Rajeev V. Comparative Evaluation of Erosive Potential of Various Frozen and Unfrozen Fruit Juices on Primary Teeth Enamel: An In Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2019; 11:S463-S467. [PMID: 31198388 PMCID: PMC6555365 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_78_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changing lifestyle pattern and food habits has a deteriorating effect on dental tissues. Dental erosion is a pathological wear of hard tissues of teeth with increased consumption of acidic and carbonated drinks. Susceptibility to erosion in primary dentition is more compared to permanent dentition due to softer and disordered crystal structure of enamel. OBJECTIVES The main aim of the study was to determine and compare the erosive potential of different fruit juices in frozen/unfrozen forms on primary teeth by studying the calcium dissolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS pH of four different juices (pure) - apple, orange, citrus limetta (musumbi) and grapes were determined using a digital pH meter. The titratable acidity of these in frozen and unfrozen forms were determined by adding 0.2 ml of 1M NaOH to these to raise to pH=5.5(critical pH) and pH =7(neutral pH). Forty eight caries free deciduous anterior teeth specimens were prepared to study the calcium dissolution by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results were analysed for statistical significance using One-way Repeated Measures ANOVA and pair wise multiple comparison with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS Total titratable acidity and calcium dissolution were found to be significantly more in the initial thawed fruit juices. CONCLUSION Frozen fruit juices had more buffering capacity and erosive potential than unfrozen forms. The study concluded that sucking on frozen fruit juices is more damaging to teeth than unfrozen forms because more of erosion is expected to occur in a frozen state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil T. Philip
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Noorul Islam College of Dental Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Anshad M. Abdulla
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sivadas Ganapathy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Vaishnavi Vedam
- Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Vini Rajeev
- Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Kedah, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nadelman P, Monteiro A, Balthazar CF, Silva HL, Cruz AG, de Almeida Neves A, Fonseca-Gonçalves A, Maia LC. Probiotic fermented sheep’s milk containing Lactobacillus casei 01: Effects on enamel mineral loss and Streptococcus counts in a dental biofilm model. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
33
|
Lussi A, Buzalaf MAR, Duangthip D, Anttonen V, Ganss C, João-Souza SH, Baumann T, Carvalho TS. The use of fluoride for the prevention of dental erosion and erosive tooth wear in children and adolescents. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2019; 20:517-527. [PMID: 30762211 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-019-00420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erosive tooth wear (ETW) has gained increasing clinical relevance. It is estimated that worldwide 30-50% of deciduous and 20-45% of permanent teeth are affected. One of the most important nutritional factors causing ETW is the overconsumption of soft drinks, but also patient-related factors like reflux or eating disorders can lead to erosive lesions. Whether acids lead to erosive demineralisation depends on their degree of saturation with respect to tooth mineral at their actual pH. REVIEW Fluoride compounds like sodium or amine fluoride seem to be of limited efficacy against erosion, the main reason for this is the missing biofilm in the erosive process as well as the lower pH of the acids compared to bacterial acids. This means that to achieve some kind of preventive effect it would be necessary to use products with higher fluoride concentration, which is not an appropriate option for small children, and/or to increase the frequency of application. In addition, the fluoride compound plays a role as promising effects were found when fluoride is combined with titanium or stannous ions. TiF4 can cause acid-resistant surface coatings and when Sn2+/F- formulations are applied, Sn is not only found on the surface but is also incorporated into enamel and dentine. Both effects make the tooth surface more resistant against acid demineralisation. Different fluoride-containing vehicles have been tested to prevent erosion/ETW, such as toothpastes, rinses, gels and varnishes. Toothpastes offer some degree of protection, especially Sn2+-containing formulations, but effects of the active ingredients are sometimes counteracted by the presence of abrasives. CONCLUSION Detecting associated factors and influencing them is the main instrument in arresting erosive tooth wear. Additionally, patients at risk for dental erosion should always use an additional fluoride source preferably containing Sn2+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lussi
- Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - M A R Buzalaf
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - D Duangthip
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - V Anttonen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - C Ganss
- Department for Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - S H João-Souza
- Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Baumann
- Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T S Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Scribante A, Bollardi M, Chiesa M, Poggio C, Colombo M. Flexural Properties and Elastic Modulus of Different Esthetic Restorative Materials: Evaluation after Exposure to Acidic Drink. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5109481. [PMID: 30863779 PMCID: PMC6378791 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5109481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acidic beverages, such as soft drinks, can produce erosion of resin composites. The purpose of the present study was to investigate mechanical properties of different esthetic restorative materials after exposure to acidic drink. METHODS Nine different composites were tested: nanofilled (Filtek Supreme XTE, 3M ESPE), microfilled hybrid (G-ænial, GC Corporation), nanohybrid Ormocer (Admira Fusion, Voco), microfilled (Gradia Direct, GC Corporation), microfilled hybrid (Essentia, GC Corporation), nanoceramic (Ceram.X Universal, Dentsply De Trey), supranano spherical hybrid (Estelite Asteria, Tokuyama Dental Corporation), flowable microfilled hybrid (Gradia Direct Flo, GC Corporation), and bulk fill flowable (SureFil SDR flow, Dentsply De Trey). Thirty specimens of each esthetic restorative material were divided into 3 subgroups (n=10): specimens of subgroup 1 were used as control, specimens of subgroup 2 were immersed in 50 ml of Coca Cola for 1 week, and specimens of subgroup 3 were immersed in 50 ml of Coca Cola for 1 month. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were measured for each material with an Instron Universal Testing Machine. Data were submitted to statistical analysis. RESULTS After distilled water immersion, nanofilled composite showed the highest value of both flexural strength and elastic modulus, but its flexural values decreased after acidic drink immersion. No significant differences were reported between distilled water and acidic drink immersion for all other materials tested both for flexural and for elastic modulus values. CONCLUSIONS Even if nanofilled composite showed highest results, acidic drink immersion significantly reduced flexural values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scribante
- Unit of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Bollardi
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Chiesa
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Poggio
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Colombo
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
In vitro assessment of erosive effects of some common soft drinks on dental hard tissues. BALKAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/bjdm-2019-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: The chemical nature of soft drinks is acidic, so they possess the capacity to cause hard tissue erosion. The aim of this study is to assess the potentially erosive effect linked to pH and titratable acidity of some common soft drinks on dental hard tissues in prolonged time exposure. Material and Methods: Seven types of soft drinks in Romanian market were selected for this study. The pH and Titratable acidity were determined. Twenty one human dental hard tissue specimens were immersed in 5 ml solution each for 336h. Every 48h weight loss was determined for each specimen and after 336h volume changes were calculated. Enamel microhardness was determined using a Microhardness Tester model HV-1000 and compared to normal enamel microhardness. Results: The pH values of beverages ranged from 2.37 to 3.1, showing no significant differences. All specimens presented color and surface texture modifications, weight loss and volume reduction. There were found significant differences between the mean values of weight loss and enamel microhardness of each type of specimens and type of beverages tested. The most representative findings were achieved by indentations done in specific zones on Sprite® immersed specimen. This result suggest that microhardness near the eroded surface was significant lower than in other zones. Conclusions: Data obtained have shown that all the soft drinks tested had an erosive effect, causing dental hard tissue dissolution. For prolonged time exposure titratable acidity may be a major predictor for erosive potential. Dental erosion may affect different levels of enamel causing decreased enamel microhardness.
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang YL, Chang HH, Chiang YC, Lin CH, Lin CP. Strontium ion can significantly decrease enamel demineralization and prevent the enamel surface hardness loss in acidic environment. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 118:39-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
37
|
Faidt T, Friedrichs A, Grandthyll S, Spengler C, Jacobs K, Müller F. Effect of Fluoride Treatment on the Acid Resistance of Hydroxyapatite. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15253-15258. [PMID: 30421930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The etching behavior of polycrystalline synthetic hydroxyapatite samples has been evaluated to explore the protective impact of fluoride on a tooth-like model system. Etching rates before and after fluoridation with a NaF solution at pH 6 were determined by atomic force microscopy. Despite a very low F concentration of ca. 0.2 atom % in the hydroxyapatite surface, a very strong effect on the acid resistance can be observed. Depending on the crystal orientation, etching in a NaAc buffer at pH 4.5 was completely inhibited for at least 5 min. The major part of the surface withstood etching even for more than 23 min. These results give new insights into how the amount of incorporated fluoride in hydroxyapatite correlates with its protective impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Faidt
- Experimental Physics , Saarland University , Campus E2 9 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Andreas Friedrichs
- Experimental Physics , Saarland University , Campus E2 9 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Samuel Grandthyll
- Experimental Physics , Saarland University , Campus E2 9 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Christian Spengler
- Experimental Physics , Saarland University , Campus E2 9 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Karin Jacobs
- Experimental Physics , Saarland University , Campus E2 9 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Frank Müller
- Experimental Physics , Saarland University , Campus E2 9 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Guedes APA, Oliveira-Reis B, Catelan A, Suzuki TYU, Briso ALF, Santos PHD. Mechanical and surface properties analysis of restorative materials submitted to erosive challenges in situ. Eur J Dent 2018; 12:559-565. [PMID: 30369803 PMCID: PMC6178688 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_188_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of acidic solutions (AS) on surface roughness (Ra) and microhardness of restorative materials (RM). Materials and Methods: Eight volunteers wore intraoral palatal devices (IPD) containing samples of RM: Ketac Nano (KN); Ketac Nano + Biscover LV (KN-B); Esthet-X (EX); Esthet-X + Biscover LV (EX-B); Supreme XT (SXT); Supreme XT + Biscover LV (SXT-B); and bovine enamel. The samples were submitted to three phases: (1) immersion in 0.01M hydrochloric acid (HCl) – 10 min, three times/day (14 days); (2) immersion in soft drink (Sprite®) – 10 min, three times/day (14 days); and (3) keeping in saliva (14 days). Changes in Ra/microhardness were measured before/after the three phases. Statistical Analysis: ANOVA (α = 0.05) and Fisher's test. Results: Materials sealed with Biscover LV (B) presented lowest values in all periods. KN glass ionomer cement showed highest Ra values after exposure in AS. Application of B did not reduce the Ra for the composites studied, except for EX after immersion in HCl. AS promoted changes in Ra/microhardness of RM, except for sealed materials. Conclusions: The acids used were able to change the Ra and microhardness of RM, except of the sealed materials. The resin-modified GIC showed the most significant changes after immersion in AS; and the composites sealed with B, even after immersion in acidic solutions (AS), showed the lowest Ra values and the least degradation in microhardness, especially when subjected to low pH solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Albuquerque Guedes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Oliveira-Reis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Catelan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, Campinas State University, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - ThaÍs Yumi Umeda Suzuki
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André LuÍz Fraga Briso
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Protective Effects of Yinchenhao Decoction on Cholesterol Gallstone in Mice Fed a Lithogenic Diet by Regulating LXR, CYP7A1, CYP7B1, and HMGCR Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8134918. [PMID: 30310412 PMCID: PMC6166389 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8134918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The study attempted to elucidate whether lipid genes are closely associated with lipid metabolic abnormalities during the lithogenic time and how Yinchenhao Decoction (YCHD) works on the transcriptions of lipid genes against cholesterol gallstone model. C57BL/6J mice fed on lithogenic diet (LD) were used for model establishment and randomized into 5 groups. All groups received LD for different weeks with isometrically intragastric administration of YCHD or NS. Biochemical tests were measured and liver tissues were harvested for histological and genetic detection. It was found that all groups with increasing LD showed a following tendency of gallstone incidence, bile cholesterol, phospholipids, total bile acid, and cholesterol saturation index (CSI). Conversely, YCHD could significantly normalize the levels of gallstone incidence, bile lipids, and CSI (CSI<1). As lithogenic time progressed, ABCG5, ABCG8, PPAR-α, and ABCB4 were upregulated, and SREBP2, CYP7A1, and CYP7B1 were downregulated, while CYP7A1, CYP7B1, LXR, and HMGCR mRNA were increased 3-fold under the administration of YCHD. It was concluded that abnormal expressions of the mentioned genes may eventually progress to cholesterol gallstone. CYP7A1, CYP7B1, LXR, and HMGCR mRNA may be efficient targets of YCHD, which may be a preventive drug to reverse liver injury, normalize bile lipids, facilitate gallstone dissolution, and attenuate gallstone formation.
Collapse
|
40
|
Rios D, Ionta FQ, Rebelato R, Jordão MC, Wang L, Magalhães AC, Honório HM. The effect of aspartame and pH changes on the erosive potential of cola drinks in bovine enamel: An in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent 2018; 10:e933-e937. [PMID: 30386528 PMCID: PMC6203923 DOI: 10.4317/jced.54963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism behind the different erosive potential of regular and light cola drinks: pH difference and/or aspartame presence. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty bovine enamel blocks were randomly divided into 5 groups: RC - regular cola, RCpH - addition of base to increase regular cola pH, RCAS - addition of aspartame to regular cola, LC - light cola, and LCpH - addition of acid to decrease light cola pH. Two-thirds of the blocks surface was coated with nail varnish for reference. The samples were daily subjected to four erosive challenges for 2 minutes. Between the erosive challenges (2h) and overnight the samples were maintained in artificial saliva. The response variable was the percentage surface hardness change (%SHC) after 1st experimental day and enamel surface loss (µm) measured at the 5th day by profilometry. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). RESULTS Independently of the cola modifications, all groups promoted similar hardness change of enamel surface. RC promoted higher enamel loss (6.69±0.71µm) than LC (4.80±0.77µm). The acid addition to light cola (LCpH: 6.60±1.78µm) significantly enhanced its erosive potential, which did not differ from RC. The base addition to regular cola (RCpH-4.00±0.64µm) resulted in similar wear to LC. The addition of aspartame to the regular cola (RCAS 5.44±0.65µm) resulted in similar wear to LC and RC. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that the pH alteration has a major impact on the erosive potential of cola drinks, however, the sweetener also has some influence. Key words:Tooth erosion, dental enamel, soft drinks, ph, sweetener.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rios
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health
| | | | - Rafael Rebelato
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health
| | | | - Linda Wang
- Departments of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Habluetzel A, Schmid C, Carvalho TS, Lussi A, Eick S. Impact of honey on dental erosion and adhesion of early bacterial colonizers. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10936. [PMID: 30026515 PMCID: PMC6053432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate if honey causes erosion and if salivary pellicle modified with honey, or its components, or the by-product propolis has a protective effect against dental erosion and adhesion of early bacterial colonizers. The tested substances were: 3 types of honey, methylglyoxal (MGO), hydrogen peroxide, propolis. First in the erosion experiment, 120 human enamel specimens were covered with salivary pellicle and modified with the substances. Then they were eroded with 1% citric acid, pH 3.6 for 2 min, before surface hardness was measured. In the microbiological assay, the enamel specimens (n = 126) covered with modified salivary pellicle were contaminated with bacterial suspensions. The antimicrobial activity of each substance and their effect on early bacterial colonizer adhesion and biofilm formation were determined. Despite a low pH, honey did not cause erosion. On the other hand, pellicle modification with the tested solutions did not protect the enamel from erosion. Microbiologically, the 3 honeys inhibited species-specific growth of oral bacteria. Propolis decreased initial attachment of Streptococcus gordonii, while one honey inhibited demineralization of enamel by biofilm. In conclusion, pellicle modification with honey, or its components, or propolis did neither protect against erosion nor promote it. Propolis presented some bacterial adhesion inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Habluetzel
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Schmid
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thiago S Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dündar A, Şengün A, Başlak C, Kuş M. Effects of citric acid modified with fluoride, nano-hydroxyapatite and casein on eroded enamel. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 93:177-186. [PMID: 29933139 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of citric acid containing fluoride, nano-hydroxyapatite, and casein on eroded enamel. DESIGN The crowns of 120 extracted bovine incisors were embedded in acrylic resin. An enamel window (2 × 3 mm) was created on the surface. Before in vitro pellicle formation samples were eroded in 1% citric acid (pH = 3.2) for 1 h at 36 °C and were randomly classified to eight groups (n = 15) as follows: Positive control: 1% citric acid, Negative control: Distilled water, F1: 0.047 mmol/L sodium fluoride, F2: 0.071 mmol/L sodium fluoride, NHA1: %0.05 Nano-Hydroxyapatite, NHA2: %0.1 Nano-Hydroxyapatite, C1: %0.02 Casein, C2: %0.2 Casein. Erosion cycling was performed three times daily for 3 days. In each cycle, the samples were immersed in 10 mL of control or modified solutions (10 min) and in 10 mL of artificial saliva (60 min). The surface roughness and enamel loss were analyzed by using profilometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy techniques (AFM). RESULTS Among the groups, the positive control group was found to be having the highest erosive wear. Erosive wear in the F2, NHA2, C1, and C2 groups was not significantly different from the negative control group (p > 0.05). The C1 and C2 groups showed that erosion terminated and minimal tissue recovery occurred on the enamel surface. CONCLUSION Although all modifications reduced further demineralization, the citric acid modification with casein was found to be having a greater impact on dental erosion than the others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Dündar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07895, Turkey.
| | | | - Canan Başlak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Kuş
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Temperature-dependent erosivity of drinks in a model simulating oral fluid dynamics. J Dent 2018; 70:118-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
44
|
Hosseini-Yekani A, Nadjarzadeh A, Vossoughi M, Reza JZ, Golkari A. Relationship between Physicochemical Properties of Saliva and Dental Caries and Periodontal Status among Female Teachers Living in Central Iran. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2018; 8:48-55. [PMID: 29629329 PMCID: PMC5853042 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_391_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: There are inconsistent data about the association between saliva properties, dental caries, and periodontal status. In this study, we tried to examine the association between dental caries and periodontal status with salivary viscosity, flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity in adults. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 450 female teachers were randomly selected from schools located in Yazd, Iran. Oral examinations were conducted, and unstimulated saliva samples were collected. Salivary viscosity, flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity were assessed. The salivary physicochemical properties were compared among teachers with different types of oral health. Analyses were done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16. Results: In total, 431 female teachers aged 40.45 ± 8.18 years were included in the study. Salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, pH, and viscosity, community periodontal index status were not significantly different in participants with and without tooth caries. There was a reverse linear association between salivary pH and flow rate with the decayed, missed, and filled teeth index (P < 0.05). The saliva buffering capacity was not significantly related to dental properties. Those with bleeding on probing had lower salivary pH, and buffering capacity compared to those with healthy gum. However, the salivary resting flow rate was not different in participants with bleeding on probing and healthy participants. Conclusion: Based on our results, saliva properties might be important predictors in oral health status. This means that any change in saliva combination might affect periodontal and dental diseases. Future prospective studies are recommended to confirm these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amene Hosseini-Yekani
- Department of Dental Public Health, Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Vossoughi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Javad Zavvar Reza
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Golkari
- Department of Dental Public Health, Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Coupal I, Sołtysiak A. Dental erosion in archaeological human remains: A critical review of literature and proposal of a differential diagnosis protocol. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 84:50-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
46
|
Panda A, Ghosh B, Pal I, Kumar V, Bhuyan L, Dash KC. Dissolution of Enamel on Exposure to Various Commercial Beverages Available in India. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017; 18:1009-1013. [PMID: 29109312 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study was aimed to estimate the pH of the commonly available soft drinks in the Indian market and to assess the detrimental effects of the juices and beverages on the tooth surface by measuring the weight loss of the tooth sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was done with eight different types of commercially available carbonated drink and fruit juices available in the Indian market among which six were carbonated drinks and two were juices. Carbonated drinks experimented were Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Fanta, Mirinda, 7Up and Sprite, and two fruit juices were Tropicana orange juice and real orange juice. Ten different bottles from each category were obtained, and the pH was estimated. Each of the beverages was divided into batch of 10 containers containing the tooth sample. Weight of all samples was measured at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours with subsequently changing each solution at an interval of 24 hours. RESULTS The mean pH of the beverages was found ranging from 2.13 ± 0.02 in Pepsi to 3.41 ± 0.02 in Tropicana on opening. The mean pH of water was found to be 6.98 ± 0.01. Among carbonated drinks, the mean weight loss after 24 hours was highest in Coca-Cola and least in 7Up. Tropicana fruit juice had a higher tooth loss than real orange juices. When compared with water, the tooth loss was significantly higher in Coca-Cola after all specified time (hours). CONCLUSION The pH of both carbonated drinks and fruit juices was below the critical pH. The weight loss was also seen after every 24 hours in all the carbonated drinks and beverages. The study showed that these commercial beverages are harmful to the tooth structures, and hence, the health professionals play a major role in educating the population about its effects and advising them to use these products precisely. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The change in lifestyle has increased the demand of soft drinks and artificial juice in Indian market. The use of these carbonated drinks and fruit juices causes damage to the tooth structure in all ages, especially in young mass. Our study provides an idea about the deleterious effects of these commercial drinks on dental hard tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abikshyeet Panda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar Odisha, India
| | | | - Imon Pal
- One Dentofacial Clinic, Gariahat, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar Odisha, India
| | - Lipsa Bhuyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar Odisha, India, Phone: +919439892654, e-mail:
| | - Kailash C Dash
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Aldosari MA, Scaramucci T, Liu SY, Warrick-Polackoff JM, Eckert GJ, Hara AT. Susceptibility of partially desalivated rats to erosive tooth wear by calcium-supplemented beverages. Oral Dis 2017; 24:355-362. [PMID: 28833945 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the susceptibility of partially desalivated rats to erosive tooth wear (ETW); the anti-erosive effect of a calcium-supplemented beverage; and the quantification of ETW by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). METHODS The study population consisted of thirty-eight rats, divided into partially desalivated (n = 19) and normal salivary flow (n = 19). They were randomly allocated into three subgroups (n = 6-7): A-diet soda, B-diet soda + calcium, C-water (control). Solutions were provided ad libitum for 28 days, and the rats were euthanized afterwards. Each left hemi-mandible was scanned using micro-CT for enamel volume (three molars) calculation. Visual analysis of photographs of the lingual surface of first molars was performed independently by three blinded examiners. Data were statistically analysed (α = .05). RESULTS Micro-CT revealed no significant differences between partially desalivated or normal groups. Rats consuming A had more enamel loss than those consuming B or C, which did not differ from each other. For visual analysis, desalivation did not affect ETW. Rats consuming C showed the lowest ETW, followed by B and then A, for both partially desalivated and normal rats. Spearman correlation between the two ETW quantification methods was -.65. CONCLUSIONS Partial desalivation did not increase ETW. Ca-containing beverage prevented ETW. Micro-CT quantified ETW, although it was not as sensitive as visual analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Aldosari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo School of Dentistry, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - J M Warrick-Polackoff
- Bioresearch Core Facility, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - G J Eckert
- Oral Health Research Institute, Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A T Hara
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Susceptibility of bovine dental enamel with initial erosion lesion to new erosive challenges. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182347. [PMID: 28817591 PMCID: PMC5560727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated the impact of initial erosion on the susceptibility of enamel to further erosive challenge. Thirty bovine enamel blocks were selected by surface hardness and randomized into two groups (n = 15): GC- group composed by enamel blocks without erosion lesion and GT- group composed by enamel blocks with initial erosion lesion. The baseline profile of each block was determined using the profilometer. The initial erosion was produced by immersing the blocks into HCl 0.01 M, pH 2.3 for 30 seconds, under stirring. The erosive cycling consisted of blocks immersion in hydrochloric acid (0.01 M, pH 2.3) for 2 minutes, followed by immersion in artificial saliva for 120 minutes. This procedure was repeated 4 times a day for 5 days, and the blocks were kept in artificial saliva overnight. After erosive cycling, final profile measurement was performed. Profilometry measured the enamel loss by the superposition of initial and final profiles. Data were analyzed by t-test (p<0.05). The result showed no statistically significant difference between groups (GS = 14.60±2.86 and GE = .14.69±2.21 μm). The presence of initial erosion on bovine dental enamel does not enhance its susceptibility to new erosive challenges.
Collapse
|
49
|
Beltrame APCA, Noschang RAT, Lacerda DP, Souza LC, Almeida ICS. Are grape juices more erosive than orange juices? Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2017; 18:263-270. [PMID: 28779438 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-017-0296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the chemical characteristics of grape and orange juices, and their erosive potential in the decrease of microhardness and the loss of enamel structure. METHODS Five grape and orange juices were evaluated for pH, titratable acidity, calcium, phosphate, and fluoride concentration. De-ionised water and Cola soft drink were used as a negative and positive control, respectively. Twelve specimens of bovine enamel were immersed in beverages for 10 min at 37 °C, 3 times/day for 7 days. Erosive potential was quantified using microhardness and loss of enamel structure. Anova One Way, Student's t test, Multiple Regression and Spearman Correlation (p < 0.05) were used to analyse the results. RESULTS Powdered grape juice showed the lowest pH (3.18 ± 0.03) and pure grape juice presented the highest titratable acidity (5.48 ± 0.06 mL NaOH/100 mL). Fresh orange juice and soya-based grape juice revealed the lowest calcium (0.77 ± 0.12 mmol/L) and phosphate concentrations (0.35 ± 0.06 mmol/L), respectively. Among juices, powdered orange juice caused the greatest decrease in surface microhardness (SMH) (127.99 ± 40.47 ΔSMH) and grape juice from concentrate caused the greatest loss of enamel structure (13.30 ± 3.56 μm). CONCLUSIONS All of the evaluated juices contributed to dental erosion. Grape juices presented greater erosive potential than orange juices. Pure, powdered and concentrated grape juices showed similar loss of enamel structure to the Cola soft drink. The erosive potential of beverages was statistically correlated to pH, titratable acidity, calcium, phosphate and fluoride concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A P C A Beltrame
- Dentistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Prof. Walter de Bona Castelan 502, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88037-300, Brazil.
| | - R A T Noschang
- Dentistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Prof. Walter de Bona Castelan 502, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88037-300, Brazil
| | - D P Lacerda
- Dentistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Prof. Walter de Bona Castelan 502, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88037-300, Brazil
| | - L C Souza
- Clinical Analysis Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - I C S Almeida
- Dentistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Prof. Walter de Bona Castelan 502, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88037-300, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Enam F, Mursalat M, Guha U, Aich N, Anik MI, Nisha NS, Esha AA, Khan MS. Dental erosion potential of beverages and bottled drinking water in Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1242607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Enam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mehnaz Mursalat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Upoma Guha
- Department of sRestorative Dentistry, University at Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nirupam Aich
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Muzahidul Islam Anik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nayer Sultana Nisha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afrin Ahsan Esha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohidus Samad Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|