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Structure of PAP-IgM FcK fusion protein with J-chain expressed in transgenic plant. THE EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2023-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Transgenic plants expressing immunoglobulin (Ig) M Fc-fused Prostate acid phosphatase (PAP) antigenic proteins (PAP-IgM FcK) and J-chain proteins were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The Fc region was tagged with the ER retention motif (KDEL) to make PAP-IgM FcK. Two transgenic plants were crossed together to generate F1 expressing both PAP-IgM FcK and J-chain proteins (PAP-IgM FcK × J-chain). PCR and RT-PCR analyses confirmed the transgene insertion and mRNA transcription of PAP-IgM FcK and J-chain in leaf tissue of PAP-IgM FcK × J-chain F1 plant. Western blot confirmed the expression of PAP-IgM FcK × J-chain protein. Size exclusion (SEC)-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Bio-transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses were performed to show the size and shape of the PAP- IgM FcK × J-chain fusion proteins. These results suggest that PAP-IgM FcK with J-chain can be produced in plant expression system with plant crossing.
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2
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Martí D, Martín-Martínez E, Torras J, Bertran O, Turon P, Alemán C. In silico antibody engineering for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5525-5534. [PMID: 34642596 PMCID: PMC8496930 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered immunoglobulin-G molecules (IgGs) are of wide interest for the development of detection elements in protein-based biosensors with clinical applications. The strategy usually employed for the de novo design of such engineered IgGs consists on merging fragments of the three-dimensional structure of a native IgG, which is immobilized on the biosensor surface, and of an antibody with an exquisite target specificity and affinity. In this work conventional and accelerated classical molecular dynamics (cMD and aMD, respectively) simulations have been used to propose two IgG-like antibodies for COVID-19 detection. More specifically, the crystal structure of the IgG1 B12 antibody, which inactivates the human immunodeficiency virus-1, has been merged with the structure of the antibody CR3022 Fab tightly bounded to SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the structure of the S309 antibody Fab fragment complexed with SARS-CoV-2 RBD. The two constructed antibodies, named IgG1-CR3022 and IgG1-S309, respectively, have been immobilized on a stable gold surface through a linker. Analyses of the influence of both the merging strategy and the substrate on the stability of the two constructs indicate that the IgG1-S309 antibody better preserves the neutralizing structure than the IgG1-CR3022 one. Overall, results indicate that the IgG1-S309 is appropriated for the generation of antibody based sensors for COVID-19 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didac Martí
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Martín-Martínez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Torras
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Bertran
- Departament de Física EETAC, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, c/ Esteve Terrades, 7, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Pau Turon
- B. Braun Surgical, S.A.U. Carretera de Terrassa 121, 08191 Rubí (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Wallace MG, Wang Y. Pollen antigens and atmospheric circulation driven seasonal respiratory viral outbreak and its implication to the Covid-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16945. [PMID: 34417513 PMCID: PMC8379151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The patterns of respiratory virus illness are expressed differently between temperate and tropical climates. Tropical outbreaks often peak in wet seasons. Temperate outbreaks typically peak during the winter. The prevailing causal hypotheses focus on sunlight, temperature and humidity variations. Yet no consistent factors have been identified to sufficiently explain seasonal virus emergence and decline at any latitude. Here we demonstrate close connections among global-scale atmospheric circulations, IgE antibody enhancement through seasonal pollen inhalation, and respiratory virus patterns at any populated latitude, with a focus on the US. Pollens emerge each Spring, and the renewed IgE titers in the population are argued to terminate each winter peak of respiratory illness. Globally circulated airborne viruses are postulated to subsequently deposit across the Southern US during lower zonal geostrophic winds each late Summer. This seasonally refreshed viral load is postulated to trigger a new influenza outbreak, once the existing IgE antibodies diminish to a critical value each Fall. Our study offers a new and consistent explanation for the seasonal diminishment of respiratory viral illnesses in temperate climates, the subdued seasonal signature in the tropics, the annually circulated virus phenotypes, and the northerly migration of influenza across the US every year. Our integrated geospatial and IgE hypothesis provides a new perspective for prediction, mitigation and prevention of the outbreak and spread of seasonal respiratory viruses including Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Wallace
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM, 87185-0779, USA.
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM, 87185-0779, USA.
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Dewulf J, Adhikari K, Vangestel C, Wyngaert TVD, Elvas F. Development of Antibody Immuno-PET/SPECT Radiopharmaceuticals for Imaging of Oncological Disorders-An Update. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1868. [PMID: 32664521 PMCID: PMC7408676 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are molecular imaging strategies that typically use radioactively labeled ligands to selectively visualize molecular targets. The nanomolar sensitivity of PET and SPECT combined with the high specificity and affinity of monoclonal antibodies have shown great potential in oncology imaging. Over the past decades a wide range of radio-isotopes have been developed into immuno-SPECT/PET imaging agents, made possible by novel conjugation strategies (e.g., site-specific labeling, click chemistry) and optimization and development of novel radiochemistry procedures. In addition, new strategies such as pretargeting and the use of antibody fragments have entered the field of immuno-PET/SPECT expanding the range of imaging applications. Non-invasive imaging techniques revealing tumor antigen biodistribution, expression and heterogeneity have the potential to contribute to disease diagnosis, therapy selection, patient stratification and therapy response prediction achieving personalized treatments for each patient and therefore assisting in clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Dewulf
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.D.); (C.V.); (T.V.D.W.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Karuna Adhikari
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Christel Vangestel
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.D.); (C.V.); (T.V.D.W.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Tim Van Den Wyngaert
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.D.); (C.V.); (T.V.D.W.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Filipe Elvas
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.D.); (C.V.); (T.V.D.W.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
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5
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Zwettler FU, Spindler MC, Reinhard S, Klein T, Kurz A, Benavente R, Sauer M. Tracking down the molecular architecture of the synaptonemal complex by expansion microscopy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3222. [PMID: 32591508 PMCID: PMC7320163 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a meiosis-specific nuclear multiprotein complex that is essential for proper synapsis, recombination and segregation of homologous chromosomes. We combined structured illumination microscopy (SIM) with different expansion microscopy (ExM) protocols including U-ExM, proExM, and magnified analysis of the proteome (MAP) to investigate the molecular organization of the SC. Comparison with structural data obtained by single-molecule localization microscopy of unexpanded SCs allowed us to investigate ultrastructure preservation of expanded SCs. For image analysis, we developed an automatic image processing software that enabled unbiased comparison of structural properties pre- and post-expansion. Here, MAP-SIM provided the best results and enabled reliable three-color super-resolution microscopy of the SCs of a whole set of chromosomes in a spermatocyte with 20-30 nm spatial resolution. Our data demonstrate that post-expansion labeling by MAP-SIM improves immunolabeling efficiency and allowed us thus to unravel previously hidden details of the molecular organization of SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian U Zwettler
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marie-Christin Spindler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reinhard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Klein
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kurz
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ricardo Benavente
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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Emmanuel SN, Mietzsch M, Tseng YS, Smith JK, Agbandje-McKenna M. Parvovirus Capsid-Antibody Complex Structures Reveal Conservation of Antigenic Epitopes Across the Family. Viral Immunol 2020; 34:3-17. [PMID: 32315582 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The parvoviruses are small nonenveloped single stranded DNA viruses that constitute members that range from apathogenic to pathogenic in humans and animals. The infection with a parvovirus results in the generation of antibodies against the viral capsid by the host immune system to eliminate the virus and to prevent re-infection. For members currently either being developed as delivery vectors for gene therapy applications or as oncolytic biologics for tumor therapy, efforts are aimed at combating the detrimental effects of pre-existing or post-treatment antibodies that can eliminate therapeutic benefits. Therefore, understanding antigenic epitopes of parvoviruses can provide crucial information for the development of vaccination applications and engineering novel capsids able to escape antibody recognition. This review aims to capture the information for the binding regions of ∼30 capsid-antibody complex structures of different parvovirus capsids determined to date by cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction. The comparison of all complex structures revealed the conservation of antigenic regions among parvoviruses from different genera despite low sequence identity and indicates that the available data can be used across the family for vaccine development and capsid engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanan N Emmanuel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mario Mietzsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yu Shan Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - James Kennon Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Shevchenko NN, Pankova GA, Shabsel’s BM, Laishevkina SG, Baigil’din VA. Emulsifier-Free Emulsion Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate As a Method of Obtaining Cationic Particles for Diagnostics of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus. COLLOID JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x20020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Hu J, Gao M, Wang Y, Liu M, Wang J, Li J, Song Z, Chen Y, Wang Z. Imaging the Substructures of Individual IgE Antibodies with Atomic Force Microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14896-14901. [PMID: 31661619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between antibodies and substrates directly affect their conformations and thus their immune functions. Therefore, it is desirable to study the structures of antibodies at the single molecule level. Herein, the substructures of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) on solid surfaces were investigated. For this purpose, tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) was applied to observe individual IgE substructures adsorbed onto Mg2+ and Na+ modified mica substrates in air. As expected, the AFM images revealed that the IgE antibodies exhibited different conformations on the surface of mica substrate consisting of the four basic orientations: three domain, two equivalent domain, two unequal domain, and single domain morphologies. Moreover, the differences in the different orientations in single IgE antibodies were also identified clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Mingyan Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Ying Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Mengnan Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Jianfei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Jiani Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Zhengxun Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Yujuan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- School of Life Sciences , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Zuobin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
- JR3CN & IRAC , University of Bedfordshire , Luton LU1 3JU , U.K
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Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules are composed of Fab and Fc portions tethered by a hinge region that enables them to rotate and flex, relative to each other. Variable (V) and constant (C) domains of the Fab are connected by a flexible elbow region that is responsible for the movements of the V and C heterodimers. Significant movements of Fc domains have also been documented. The Ig portion's rotational freedom greatly enhances its ability to react with antigens and cell receptors, often simultaneously. The antigen-combining site also displays a dynamic structure. The ability of its various parts to change position greatly facilitates their complexation with various antigenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roald Nezlin
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot , Israel
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10
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Fereig RM, Abdelbaky HH, Ihara F, Nishikawa Y. Development and evaluation of the first immunochromatographic test that can detect specific antibodies against Cryptosporidium parvum. Acta Trop 2018; 185:349-356. [PMID: 29932929 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is a major cause of diarrhea among human and calves, resulting in severe health hazards and drastic economic losses, respectively. Although C. parvum infection leads to high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients and bovine calves, this infection remains a neglected disease. Currently available diagnostic tests for C. parvum are primarily based on detection of oocysts, DNA, or secreted antigens in fecal specimens. Demonstration of specific antibodies with a rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) will be advantageous not only in providing a simple, rapid, accurate, and affordable tool but also in surveillance because of the ability to recognize recent and past infections. Herein, we developed two ICTs using the diagnostic antigen CpP23 and immunodominant antigen CpGP15 to detect C. parvum-specific antibodies in cattle sera. Because of unavailability of a reference test for antibody detection, evaluation and validation of our developed ICTs were conducted using reference cattle samples and unknown field cattle sera. Serum samples were simultaneously tested by a previously validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the same antigens (CpGP15 and CpP23). ICTs showed substantial ability to discriminate between positive and negative control cattle sera for both CpGP15 and CpP23. Even against field sera, high sensitivity, specificity, and agreement rates were recorded for ICTs compared with the previously validated ELISA with the same antigens (CpGP15 = 78.78%, 100%, and 85.11%; CpP23 = 80%, 100%, and 80.56%, respectively). Moreover, a high correlation was observed between the test band intensity of ICTs and optical density of ELISA, particularly in the case of CpP23-specific IgM. To our knowledge, this study represents the first development of ICTs that can detect C. parvum-specific antibodies. Our tests will contribute greatly to C. parvum infection control in cattle by providing a method for on-site diagnosis of early and latent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragab M Fereig
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena City, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Abdelbaky
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ihara
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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11
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Dimeric IgG complexes from IVIg are incapable of inducing in vitro neutrophil degranulation or complement activation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195729. [PMID: 29634774 PMCID: PMC5892932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) products contain various amounts of dimeric IgG complexes. Current insights into the possible biological activities of these dimers remain controversial, and both immunemodulating and immune-activating effects have been reported. Here, we analyzed the putative immune-activating effects of dimers isolated from IVIg. Methods Dimers isolated from IVIg were purified by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC) and tested for the ability to induce neutrophil degranulation in vitro. Results Dimers isolated from IVIg were found to be incapable of inducing in vitro neutrophil degranulation or complement activation, even at concentrations exceeding those expected to be reached upon administration in patients. These results depend on the removal of artefactual activation by using 0.1 micron filtration and the use of poloxamer to prevent adsorption of IgG onto the solid phase. Conclusions The data suggest dimeric IgG found in IVIg may bind to Fc-receptors without causing activation.
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12
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Abstract
This review summarizes evidence that the impact of protein binding of the activity of antibiotics is multifaceted and more complex than indicated by the numerical value of protein binding alone. A plethora of studies has proven that protein binding of antibiotics matters, as the free fraction only is antibacterially active and governs pharmacokinetics. Several studies have indicated that independent from protein binding of immunoglobulin G, albumin, α1-acid-glycoprotein, and pulmonary surfactant acted synergistically with antibacterial agents, thus suggesting that some intrinsic properties of serum proteins may have mediated serum-antibiotic synergisms. It has been demonstrated that IgG and albumin permeabilized Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and facilitated the uptake of poorly penetrating antibiotics. Alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein and pulmonary surfactant also exerted a permeabilizing activity, but proof that this property results in a sensitizing effect is missing. The permeabilizing effect of serum proteins may explain why serum-antibiotic synergisms do not represent a general phenomenon but are limited to specific drug-bug associations only. Although evidence has been generated to support the hypothesis that native serum proteins interact synergistically with antibiotics, systematic and well-controlled studies have to be performed to substantiate this phenomenon. The interactions between serum proteins and bacterial surfaces are driven by physicochemical forces. However, preparative techniques, storage conditions, and incubation methods have a significant impact on the intrinsic activities of these serum proteins affecting serum-antibiotic synergisms, so these techniques have to be standardized; otherwise, contradictory data or even artifacts will be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Dalhoff
- Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Institute for Infection Medicine, Kiel, Germany
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13
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McDonald MP, Gemeinhardt A, König K, Piliarik M, Schaffer S, Völkl S, Aigner M, Mackensen A, Sandoghdar V. Visualizing Single-Cell Secretion Dynamics with Single-Protein Sensitivity. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:513-519. [PMID: 29227108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellular secretion of proteins into the extracellular environment is an essential mediator of critical biological mechanisms, including cell-to-cell communication, immunological response, targeted delivery, and differentiation. Here, we report a novel methodology that allows for the real-time detection and imaging of single unlabeled proteins that are secreted from individual living cells. This is accomplished via interferometric detection of scattered light (iSCAT) and is demonstrated with Laz388 cells, an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B cell line. We find that single Laz388 cells actively secrete IgG antibodies at a rate of the order of 100 molecules per second. Intriguingly, we also find that other proteins and particles spanning ca. 100 kDa-1 MDa are secreted from the Laz388 cells in tandem with IgG antibody release, likely arising from EBV-related viral proteins. The technique is general and, as we show, can also be applied to studying the lysate of a single cell. Our results establish label-free iSCAT imaging as a powerful tool for studying the real-time exchange between cells and their immediate environment with single-protein sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P McDonald
- Nano-Optics Division, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Gemeinhardt
- Nano-Optics Division, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina König
- Nano-Optics Division, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics , Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marek Piliarik
- Nano-Optics Division, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schaffer
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Völkl
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Aigner
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Nano-Optics Division, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics , Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Simonelli L, Pedotti M, Bardelli M, Jurt S, Zerbe O, Varani L. Mapping Antibody Epitopes by Solution NMR Spectroscopy: Practical Considerations. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1785:29-51. [PMID: 29714010 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7841-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Identifying an epitope, the region of the antigen in contact with an antibody, is useful in both basic and pharmaceutical research, as well as in vaccine design. Solution NMR spectroscopy is particularly well suited to the residue level characterization of intermolecular interfaces, including antibody-antigen interactions, and thus to epitope identification. Here, we describe the use of NMR for residue level characterization of protein epitopes, focusing on experimental protocols and practical considerations, highlighting advantages and drawbacks of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Simonelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Pedotti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Marco Bardelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Simon Jurt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Zerbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Varani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita' della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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15
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Lee W, Syed Atif A, Tan SC, Leow CH. Insights into the chicken IgY with emphasis on the generation and applications of chicken recombinant monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol Methods 2017; 447:71-85. [PMID: 28502720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The advantages of chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) antibodies as immunodiagnostic and immunotherapeutic biomolecules has only been recently recognized. Even so, chicken antibodies remain less-well characterized than their mammalian counterparts. This review aims at providing a current overview of the structure, function, development and generation of chicken antibodies. Additionally, brief but comprehensive insights into current knowledge pertaining to the immunogenetic framework and diversity-generation of the chicken immunoglobulin repertoire which have contributed to the establishment of recombinant chicken mAb-generating methods are discussed. Focus is provided on the current methods used to generate antibodies from chickens with added emphasis on the generation of recombinant chicken mAbs and its derivative formats. The advantages and limitations of established protocols for the generation of chicken mAbs are highlighted. The various applications of recombinant chicken mAbs and its derivative formats in immunodiagnostics and immunotherapy are further detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Lee
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ali Syed Atif
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette4401 W Admiral Doyle Dr, New Iberia, LA 70560, United States
| | - Soo Choon Tan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Herng Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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16
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Hernández-Hernández A, Masich S, Fukuda T, Kouznetsova A, Sandin S, Daneholt B, Höög C. The central element of the synaptonemal complex in mice is organized as a bilayered junction structure. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2239-49. [PMID: 27103161 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.182477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The synaptonemal complex transiently stabilizes pairing interactions between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Assembly of the synaptonemal complex is mediated through integration of opposing transverse filaments into a central element, a process that is poorly understood. We have, here, analyzed the localization of the transverse filament protein SYCP1 and the central element proteins SYCE1, SYCE2 and SYCE3 within the central region of the synaptonemal complex in mouse spermatocytes using immunoelectron microscopy. Distribution of immuno-gold particles in a lateral view of the synaptonemal complex, supported by protein interaction data, suggest that the N-terminal region of SYCP1 and SYCE3 form a joint bilayered central structure, and that SYCE1 and SYCE2 localize in between the two layers. We find that disruption of SYCE2 and TEX12 (a fourth central element protein) localization to the central element abolishes central alignment of the N-terminal region of SYCP1. Thus, our results show that all four central element proteins, in an interdependent manner, contribute to stabilization of opposing N-terminal regions of SYCP1, forming a bilayered transverse-filament-central-element junction structure that promotes synaptonemal complex formation and synapsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergej Masich
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet Berzelius väg 35, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Tomoyuki Fukuda
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet Berzelius väg 35, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Anna Kouznetsova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet Berzelius väg 35, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Sara Sandin
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Bertil Daneholt
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet Berzelius väg 35, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Christer Höög
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet Berzelius väg 35, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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17
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Neutron reflectometry from poly (ethylene-glycol) brushes binding anti-PEG antibodies: evidence of ternary adsorption. Biomaterials 2015; 46:95-104. [PMID: 25678119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutron reflectometry provides evidence of ternary protein adsorption within polyethylene glycol (PEG) brushes. Anti-PEG Immunoglobulin G antibodies (Abs) binding the methoxy terminated PEG chain segment specifically adsorb onto PEG brushes grafted to lipid monolayers on a solid support. The Abs adsorb at the outer edge of the brush. The thickness and density of the adsorbed Ab layer, as well as its distance from the grafting surface grow with increasing brush density. At high densities most of the protein is excluded from the brush. The results are consistent with an inverted "Y" configuration with the two FAB segments facing the brush. They suggest that increasing the grafting density favors narrowing of the angle between the FAB segments as well as overall orientation of the bound Abs perpendicular to the surface.
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18
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Remmele RL, Bee JS, Phillips JJ, Mo WD, Higazi DR, Zhang J, Lindo V, Kippen AD. Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody Aggregates and Emerging Technologies. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2015-1202.ch005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Remmele
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Jared S. Bee
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan J. Phillips
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Wenjun David Mo
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R. Higazi
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian Lindo
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair D. Kippen
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
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19
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Chaves RC, Teulon JM, Odorico M, Parot P, Chen SWW, Pellequer JL. Conformational dynamics of individual antibodies using computational docking and AFM. J Mol Recognit 2014; 26:596-604. [PMID: 24089367 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular recognition between a receptor and a ligand requires a certain level of flexibility in macromolecules. In this study, we aimed at analyzing the conformational variability of receptors portrayed by monoclonal antibodies that have been individually imaged using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Individual antibodies were chemically coupled to activated mica surface, and they have been imaged using AFM in ambient conditions. The resulting topographical surface of antibodies was used to assemble the three subunits constituting antibodies: two antigen-binding fragments and one crystallizable fragment using a surface-constrained computational docking approach. Reconstructed structures based on 10 individual topographical surfaces of antibodies are presented for which separation and relative orientation of the subunits were measured. When compared with three X-ray structures of antibodies present in the protein data bank database, results indicate that several arrangements of the reconstructed subunits are comparable with those of known structures. Nevertheless, no reconstructed structure superimposes adequately to any particular X-ray structure consequence of the antibody flexibility. We conclude that high-resolution AFM imaging with appropriate computational reconstruction tools is adapted to study the conformational dynamics of large individual macromolecules deposited on mica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui C Chaves
- CEA, iBEB, Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire, F-30207, Bagnols sur Cèze, France
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20
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Custódio CA, Reis RL, Mano JF. Engineering biomolecular microenvironments for cell instructive biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:797-810. [PMID: 24464880 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Engineered cell instructive microenvironments with the ability to stimulate specific cellular responses are a topic of high interest in the fabrication and development of biomaterials for application in tissue engineering. Cells are inherently sensitive to the in vivo microenvironment that is often designed as the cell "niche." The cell "niche" comprising the extracellular matrix and adjacent cells, influences not only cell architecture and mechanics, but also cell polarity and function. Extensive research has been performed to establish new tools to fabricate biomimetic advanced materials for tissue engineering that incorporate structural, mechanical, and biochemical signals that interact with cells in a controlled manner and to recapitulate the in vivo dynamic microenvironment. Bioactive tunable microenvironments using micro and nanofabrication have been successfully developed and proven to be extremely powerful to control intracellular signaling and cell function. This Review is focused in the assortment of biochemical signals that have been explored to fabricate bioactive cell microenvironments and the main technologies and chemical strategies to encode them in engineered biomaterials with biological information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina A. Custódio
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, S. Cláudio do Barco; 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas - Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, S. Cláudio do Barco; 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas - Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials; Biodegradables and Biomimetics; University of Minho, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, S. Cláudio do Barco; 4806-909 Caldas das Taipas - Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associated Laboratory; Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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21
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Novy Z, Laznickova A, Mandikova J, Barta P, Laznicek M, Trejtnar F. The effect of chelator type onin vitroreceptor binding and stability in177Lu-labeled cetuximab and panitumumab. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:448-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zbynek Novy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove; Charles University in Prague; Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacky University Olomouc; Czech Republic
| | - Alice Laznickova
- Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove; Charles University in Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Jana Mandikova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove; Charles University in Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Barta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove; Charles University in Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Milan Laznicek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove; Charles University in Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Trejtnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove; Charles University in Prague; Czech Republic
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22
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Galson JD, Pollard AJ, Trück J, Kelly DF. Studying the antibody repertoire after vaccination: practical applications. Trends Immunol 2014; 35:319-31. [PMID: 24856924 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all licensed vaccines have been developed to confer protection against infectious diseases by stimulating the production of antibodies by B cells, but the nature of a successful antibody response has been difficult to capture. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology have allowed high-resolution characterization of the antibody repertoire, and of the changes that occur following vaccination. These approaches have yielded important insights into the B cell response, and have raised the possibility of using specific antibody sequences as measures of vaccine immunogenicity. Here, we review recent findings based on antibody repertoire sequencing, and discuss potential applications of these new technologies and of the analyses of the increasing volume of antibody sequence data in the context of vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Galson
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
| | - Johannes Trück
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Dominic F Kelly
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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23
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Coevolution of Mucosal Immunoglobulins and the Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor: Evidence That the Commensal Microbiota Provided the Driving Force. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/541537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Igs) in mucosal secretions contribute to immune homeostasis by limiting access of microbial and environmental antigens to the body proper, maintaining the integrity of the epithelial barrier and shaping the composition of the commensal microbiota. The emergence of IgM in cartilaginous fish represented the primordial mucosal Ig, which is expressed in all higher vertebrates. Expansion and diversification of the mucosal Ig repertoire led to the emergence of IgT in bony fishes, IgX in amphibians, and IgA in reptiles, birds, and mammals. Parallel evolution of cellular receptors for the constant (Fc) regions of Igs provided mechanisms for their transport and immune effector functions. The most ancient of these Fc receptors is the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), which first appeared in an ancestor of bony fishes. The pIgR transports polymeric IgM, IgT, IgX, and IgA across epithelial cells into external secretions. Diversification and refinement of the structure of mucosal Igs during tetrapod evolution were paralleled by structural changes in pIgR, culminating in the multifunctional secretory IgA complex in mammals. In this paper, evidence is presented that the mutualistic relationship between the commensal microbiota and the vertebrate host provided the driving force for coevolution of mucosal Igs and pIgR.
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24
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Ido S, Kimiya H, Kobayashi K, Kominami H, Matsushige K, Yamada H. Immunoactive two-dimensional self-assembly of monoclonal antibodies in aqueous solution revealed by atomic force microscopy. NATURE MATERIALS 2014; 13:264-270. [PMID: 24441879 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The conformational flexibility of antibodies in solution directly affects their immune function. Namely, the flexible hinge regions of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are essential in epitope-specific antigen recognition and biological effector function. The antibody structure, which is strongly related to its functions, has been partially revealed by electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography, but only under non-physiological conditions. Here we observed monoclonal IgG antibodies in aqueous solution by high-resolution frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM). We found that monoclonal antibodies self-assemble into hexamers, which form two-dimensional crystals in aqueous solution. Furthermore, by directly observing antibody-antigen interactions using FM-AFM, we revealed that IgG molecules in the crystal retain immunoactivity. As the self-assembled monolayer crystal of antibodies retains immunoactivity at a neutral pH and is functionally stable at a wide range of pH and temperature, the antibody crystal is applicable to new biotechnological platforms for biosensors or bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Ido
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimiya
- Device Solutions Center, Panasonic Corporation, Yagumo-naka-machi 3-1-1, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8501, Japan
| | - Kei Kobayashi
- 1] Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan [2] The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kominami
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazumi Matsushige
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamada
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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25
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Wu Y, West AP, Kim HJ, Thornton ME, Ward AB, Bjorkman PJ. Structural basis for enhanced HIV-1 neutralization by a dimeric immunoglobulin G form of the glycan-recognizing antibody 2G12. Cell Rep 2013; 5:1443-55. [PMID: 24316082 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunoglobulin G (IgG) 2G12 recognizes high-mannose carbohydrates on the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein gp120. Its two antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) are intramolecularly domain exchanged, resulting in a rigid (Fab)2 unit including a third antigen-binding interface not found in antibodies with flexible Fab arms. We determined crystal structures of dimeric 2G12 IgG created by intermolecular domain exchange, which exhibits increased breadth and >50-fold increased neutralization potency compared with monomeric 2G12. The four Fab and two fragment crystalline (Fc) regions of dimeric 2G12 were localized at low resolution in two independent structures, revealing IgG dimers with two (Fab)2 arms analogous to the Fabs of conventional monomeric IgGs. Structures revealed three conformationally distinct dimers, demonstrating flexibility of the (Fab)2-Fc connections that was confirmed by electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and binding studies. We conclude that intermolecular domain exchange, flexibility, and bivalent binding to allow avidity effects are responsible for the increased potency and breadth of dimeric 2G12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunji Wu
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 114-96, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Anthony P West
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 114-96, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Helen J Kim
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Matthew E Thornton
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 114-96, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 114-96, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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26
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Correia I, Sung J, Burton R, Jakob CG, Carragher B, Ghayur T, Radziejewski C. The structure of dual-variable-domain immunoglobulin molecules alone and bound to antigen. MAbs 2013; 5:364-72. [PMID: 23572180 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.24258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A dual-specific, tetravalent immunoglobulin G-like molecule, termed dual variable domain immunoglobulin (DVD-Ig™), is engineered to block two targets. Flexibility modulates Fc receptor and complement binding, but could result in undesirable cross-linking of surface antigens and downstream signaling. Understanding the flexibility of parental mAbs is important for designing and retaining functionality of DVD-Ig™ molecules. The architecture and dynamics of a DVD-Ig™ molecule and its parental mAbs was examined using single particle electron microscopy. Hinge angles measured for the DVD-Ig™ molecule were similar to the inner antigen parental mAb. The outer binding domain of the DVD-Ig™ molecule was highly mobile and three-dimensional (3D) analysis showed binding of inner antigen caused the outer domain to fold out of the plane with a major morphological change. Docking high-resolution X-ray structures into the 3D electron microscopy map supports the extraordinary domain flexibility observed in the DVD-Ig™ molecule allowing antigen binding with minimal steric hindrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Correia
- Protein Analytics; AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Worcester, MA USA
| | - Joyce Sung
- NanoImaging Services, Inc.; La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Randall Burton
- Protein Analytics; AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Worcester, MA USA
| | - Clarissa G Jakob
- Department of Structural Biology; AbbVie Laboratories; Abbott Park, IL USA
| | | | - Tariq Ghayur
- Biologics; AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Worcester, MA USA
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27
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Esue O, Xie AX, Kamerzell TJ, Patapoff TW. Thermodynamic and structural characterization of an antibody gel. MAbs 2013; 5:323-34. [PMID: 23425660 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.23183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although extensively studied, protein-protein interactions remain highly elusive and are of increasing interest in drug development. We show the assembly of a monoclonal antibody, using multivalent carboxylate ions, into highly-ordered structures. While the presence and function of similar structures in vivo are not known, the results may present a possible unexplored area of antibody structure-function relationships. Using a variety of tools (e.g., mechanical rheology, electron microscopy, isothermal calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), we characterized the physical, biochemical, and thermodynamic properties of these structures and found that citrate may interact directly with the amino acid residue histidine, after which the individual protein units assemble into a filamentous network gel exhibiting high elasticity and interfilament interactions. Citrate interacts exothermically with the monoclonal antibody with an association constant that is highly dependent on solution pH and temperature. Secondary structure analysis also reveals involvement of hydrophobic and aromatic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osigwe Esue
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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28
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Deperalta G, Alvarez M, Bechtel C, Dong K, McDonald R, Ling V. Structural analysis of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody dimer by hydroxyl radical footprinting. MAbs 2012; 5:86-101. [PMID: 23247543 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.22964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical footprinting is a covalent labeling strategy used to probe the conformational properties of proteins in solution. We describe the first application of this high resolution technique for characterizing the structure of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) dimer. As monitored by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), therapeutic mAbs typically contain small amounts of a dimer species relative to the primary monomeric form in its drug substance or drug product. To determine its structural orientation, a sample enriched in an IgG1 mAb dimer was oxidized by hydroxyl radicals generated by exposure of the aqueous solution to synchrotron X-rays in millisecond timescales. The antibody monomer that served as a control was oxidized in a similar fashion. The oxidized samples were digested with trypsin and analyzed by RP-UHPLC-MS. The footprinting data show that peptides displaying decreased rates of oxidation (i.e., regions of increased protection) in the dimer are localized in the light and heavy chains of the Fab domain. The interface region for the monomers comprising the dimer was thus inferred to be between their Fab arms, allowing us to model two possible theoretical dimer orientations: a head-to-head, single arm-bound Fab-to-Fab dimer, and a head-to-head, double arm-bound Fab (') 2-to-Fab (') 2 dimer. Lower resolution fragment-SEC analysis of the dimer and monomer samples treated with papain or FabRICATOR enzyme provided complimentary evidence to support the Fab/Fab orientation of the IgG1 dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galahad Deperalta
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Vorup-Jensen T. On the roles of polyvalent binding in immune recognition: perspectives in the nanoscience of immunology and the immune response to nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1759-81. [PMID: 22705545 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immunology often conveys the image of large molecules, either in the soluble state or in the membrane of leukocytes, forming multiple contacts with a target for actions of the immune system. Avidity names the ability of a polyvalent molecule to form multiple connections of the same kind with ligands tethered to the same surface. Polyvalent interactions are vastly stronger than their monovalent equivalent. In the present review, the functional consequences of polyvalent interactions are explored in a perspective of recent theoretical advances in understanding the thermodynamics of such binding. From insights on the structural biology of soluble pattern recognition molecules as well as adhesion molecules in the cell membranes or in their proteolytically shed form, this review documents the prominent role of polyvalent interactions in making the immune system a formidable barrier to microbial infection as well as constituting a significant challenge to the application of nanomedicines.
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Giménez-Romero D, González-Martíne MA, Bañuls MJ, Monzó IS, Puchades R, Maquieira Á. Modeling of the role of conformational dynamics in kinetics of the antigen-antibody interaction in heterogeneous phase. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:5679-88. [PMID: 22524596 DOI: 10.1021/jp301953z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach that may potentially be used to study biomolecular interactions including the simultaneous determination of structural and kinetic binding parameters is described in this Article for the first time. It allows a rigid distinction between the possible reaction mechanisms of biomolecular recognition, induced fit and conformational selection. The relative importance of the two pathways is determined not by comparing rate constants but the structural aspects of the interaction instead. So the exact location of antigen molecules with respect to the capture antibody is depicted experimentally, avoiding the use of X-ray crystallography. The proposed pattern is applied to study the anti-BSA Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-free Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) interaction, in which IgG is anchored on a silicon chip sensing surface in an oriented manner. The exact location of the receptor with respect to the ligand was monitored during the binding process, thus drawing the full reaction scheme. IgG forms an asymmetric (FabBSA)2 complex with BSA molecules, even though it has two identical fragment antigen binding arms. This is thought to be due to steric hindrance caused by the binding of the first BSA molecule. Furthermore, the proposed model allows one to characterize reaction intermediates without the need of isolating them. These intermediates not characterized in situ so far are the keystone to understand how antibodies are able to identify antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Giménez-Romero
- Instituto de Reconocimiento Molecular & Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia , Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Approaching the Asymptote: Obstacles and Opportunities for Nanomedicine in Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2012; 14:247-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11883-012-0249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Structure and Function of Purified Monoclonal Antibody Dimers Induced by Different Stress Conditions. Pharm Res 2012; 29:2047-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Hudak JE, Barfield RM, de Hart GW, Grob P, Nogales E, Bertozzi CR, Rabuka D. Synthesis of Heterobifunctional Protein Fusions Using Copper-Free Click Chemistry and the Aldehyde Tag. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hudak JE, Barfield RM, de Hart GW, Grob P, Nogales E, Bertozzi CR, Rabuka D. Synthesis of heterobifunctional protein fusions using copper-free click chemistry and the aldehyde tag. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4161-5. [PMID: 22407566 PMCID: PMC3379715 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Hudak
- Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Derksen J, Janssen GJ, Wolters-Arts M, Lichtscheidl I, Adlassnig W, Ovecka M, Doris F, Steer M. Wall architecture with high porosity is established at the tip and maintained in growing pollen tubes of Nicotiana tabacum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 68:495-506. [PMID: 21749506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A major question in pollen tube growth in planta remains: do the pollen tube walls form a barrier to interaction with the environment? Using cryo-FESEM, we directly assessed the 3D construction and porosity of tobacco pollen tube walls. Fractured mature primary walls showed a 40-50 nm spaced lattice of continuous fibers interconnected by short rods in the primary wall. These observations agree with TEM observations of sectioned walls. In the secondary callose wall, for which no structure is visible using TEM, cryo-FESEM also revealed a 50 nm lattice consisting of longer fibers, approximately 10-15 nm wide, with rod-like, thinner interconnections at angles of approximately 90° with the longer fibers. Such architecture may reflect functional needs with respect to porosity and mechanical strength. The wall does not form a mechanical barrier to interaction with the environment and is gained at low cost. Cryo-FESEM additionally revealed another special feature of the wall: the tubes were tiled with scales or rings that were highly conspicuous after pectin extraction with EDTA. These rings cause the typical banding patterns of pectin that are commonly seen in pollen tubes during oscillatory growth, as confirmed by staining with toluidine blue as well as by DIC microscopy. Growth analysis by VEC-LM showed that the ring- or scale-like structures of the primary wall consist of material deposited prior to the growth pulses. The alternating band pattern seen in the callose wall is probably imposed by constrictions resulting from the rings of the primary wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Derksen
- Department of Plant Cell Research, Institute for Wetland and Water Research (IWWR), Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Protein ultrastructure and the nanoscience of complement activation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:1008-19. [PMID: 21699938 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The complement system constitutes an important barrier to infection of the human body. Over more than four decades structural properties of the proteins of the complement system have been investigated with X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, small-angle scattering, and atomic force microscopy. Here, we review the accumulated evidence that the nm-scaled dimensions and conformational changes of these proteins support functions of the complement system with regard to tissue distribution, molecular crowding effects, avidity binding, and conformational regulation of complement activation. In the targeting of complement activation to the surfaces of nanoparticulate material, such as engineered nanoparticles or fragments of the microbial cell wall, these processes play intimately together. This way the complement system is an excellent example where nanoscience may serve to unravel the molecular biology of the immune response.
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Pedersen MB, Zhou X, Larsen EKU, Sørensen US, Kjems J, Nygaard JV, Nyengaard JR, Meyer RL, Boesen T, Vorup-Jensen T. Curvature of synthetic and natural surfaces is an important target feature in classical pathway complement activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:1931-45. [PMID: 20053940 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The binding of Abs to microbial surfaces followed by complement activation constitutes an important line of defense against infections. In this study, we have investigated the relationship between complement activation and the binding of human IgM Abs to surfaces with different curvatures. IgM Abs to dextran were shown to activate complement potently on dextran-coated particles having a diameter around 250 nm, whereas larger (600 nm) particles were less potent activators. This selectivity regarding particle dimension was also found for complement activation by colloidal substances of microbial origin. Peptidoglycan (PGN) is the major chemical component in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Fragments of purified PGN with sizes of approximately 100 nm promoted complement activation effectively through the classical pathway. By contrast, larger or smaller fragments of PGN did not activate complement strongly. A careful analysis of PGN fragments released during planctonic growth of Staphylococcus aureus showed that these include curvatures that would permit strong IgM-mediated complement activation, whereas the curvature of intact cells would be less effective for such activation. Consistently, we found that the suspended PGN fragments were strong activators of complement through the classical pathway. We suggest that these fragments act as decoy targets for complement activation, providing protection for S. aureus against the host immune response to infection.
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Halperin A, Kröger M. Ternary protein adsorption onto brushes: strong versus weak. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:11621-34. [PMID: 19673469 DOI: 10.1021/la9008569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Attractive interactions between proteins and polyethylene glycol (PEG) give rise to ternary adsorption within PEG brushes. Experimental evidence suggests two ternary adsorption modes: (i) weak, due to nonspecific weak attraction between PEG monomers and the surface of the protein, as exemplified by serum albumin and (ii) strong, due to strong binding of PEG segments to specific protein sites as it occurs for PEG antibodies, which can involve the terminal adsorption of free chain ends or backbone adsorption due to binding to interior chain segments. Ternary adsorption affects the capacity of brushes to repress protein adsorption. The strong adsorption of antibodies can trigger an immune response that may affect the biocompatibility of the surface. Theoretical adsorption isotherms and protein concentration profiles of the three cases are compared for "parabolic" brushes, allowing for the grafting density, 1/Sigma, and degree of polymerization of the PEG chains, N, as well as the volume and surface area of the proteins. The amount of adsorbed protein per unit area, Gamma, exhibits a mode-specific maximum in all three cases. For backbone and weak adsorption, Gamma approximately N, whereas for terminal adsorption, Gamma approximately N0. In every case, the concentration profile of adsorbed proteins, ctern(z), exhibits a maximum at zmax>0 that shifts outward as Sigma decreases; zmax=0 occurs only for weak and backbone adsorption at a high Sigma value.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Halperin
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique, Université Joseph Fourier-CNRS, UMR 5588, BP 87, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères, France.
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Esue O, Kanai S, Liu J, Patapoff TW, Shire SJ. Carboxylate-Dependent Gelation of a Monoclonal Antibody. Pharm Res 2009; 26:2478-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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BONGINI L, FANELLI D, SVENSSON S, GEDDA M, PIAZZA F, SKOGLUND U. Resolving the geometry of biomolecules imaged by cryo electron tomography. J Microsc 2007; 228:174-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2007.01839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bongini L, Fanelli D, Piazza F, De Los Rios P, Sanner M, Skoglund U. A dynamical study of antibody-antigen encounter reactions. Phys Biol 2007; 4:172-80. [PMID: 17928656 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/4/3/004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effects of internal dynamics in diffusion-driven encounters between macro-molecules represent a problem of broad relevance in molecular biology. In this view, we investigate a typical antigen-antibody reaction chain, based on a coarse-grained mechanical model parameterized directly upon results from single-molecule experiments. We demonstrate that the internal dynamics is a crucial factor in the encounter process. To describe our numerical results, we formulate a simple, intuitive theoretical framework, and we develop it analytically. This enables us to show that the inner dynamics of antibody molecules results in a cooperative behavior of their individual sub-units. Along the same lines, we also investigate the case of double binding to multi-valent antigens. Our results quantify the enhancement of avidity afforded by the double binding in excellent agreement with the available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bongini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Firenze, V. G. Sansone 1, 50019 Firenze, Italy.
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Bongini L, Fanelli D, Piazza F, De Los Rios P, Sandin S, Skoglund U. Dynamics of antibodies from cryo-electron tomography. Biophys Chem 2005; 115:235-40. [PMID: 15752611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2004.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2004] [Revised: 11/05/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The issue of protein dynamics and its implications in the biological function of proteins are arousing greater and greater interest in molecular biology. In cryo-electron tomography experiments one takes several snapshots of a given biological macromolecule. In principle, a large enough collection of snapshots may then be used to calculate its equilibrium configuration in terms of the experimentally accessible degrees of freedom, and hence estimate its potential energy. Consequently, one could analyze the biological functions of biomolecules by directly accessing their dynamics. In this work, we analyze the results of cryo-electron tomography experiments on monoclonal murine IgG2a antibodies. With the aid of a novel software for image processing, we measure the equilibrium distribution of the angles which describe the configuration of the molecule. This helps us shed some critical light on recent results from X-ray crystallography. We then build a model of the antibody dynamics, which enables us to use the measured angular distribution in order to derive an explicit expression of the IgG potential energy. Finally, as a preliminary application of our results, we investigate the dynamical effects in the rate of formation of the antigen-antibody encounter complex. In particular, we suggest that the dynamics of antibodies operates in the direction of decreasing anticooperativity of the two antigen binding arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bongini
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo studio delle dinamiche complesse dell'Università di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Florence, Italy
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Sandin S, Ofverstedt LG, Wikström AC, Wrange O, Skoglund U. Structure and flexibility of individual immunoglobulin G molecules in solution. Structure 2004; 12:409-15. [PMID: 15016357 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2004.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2003] [Revised: 11/19/2003] [Accepted: 11/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to averaging methods of determining structure, such as X-ray diffraction, NMR, and single-particle tomography, cryo-electron tomography allows three-dimensional imaging of an individual object in solution. The method has previously been used to study cells and very large macromolecules. We have used cryo-electron tomography to analyze a monoclonal IgG, with a molecular weight of only 150 kDa. Tomograms reveal y-shaped IgG molecules with three protruding subunits. Docking X-ray structures enabled us to recognize the three subunits as two ellipsoidal Fab arms and a heart-shaped Fc stem. Each subunit has a similar structure in the tomograms and in the X-ray map. Notably, the positions of the Fab arms relative to the Fc stem differed greatly from one molecule to another. The large flexibility of IgG in solution is most likely of functional significance in antigen recognition. This distribution of individual structures provides a qualitative insight into the system dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sandin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Nobel Institute, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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45
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Bongini L, Fanelli D, Piazza F, De Los Rios P, Sandin S, Skoglund U. Freezing immunoglobulins to see them move. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:6466-71. [PMID: 15082830 PMCID: PMC404068 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0400119101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The issue of protein dynamics and its implications in the biological function of proteins are arousing greater and greater interest in different fields of molecular biology. In cryo-electron tomography experiments one may take several snapshots of a given biological macromolecule. In principle, a large enough collection of snapshots of the molecule may then be used to calculate its equilibrium configuration in terms of the experimentally accessible degrees of freedom and, hence, to estimate its potential energy. This information would be crucial in order to analyze the biological functions of biomolecules by directly accessing the relevant dynamical indicators. In this article, we analyze the results of cryo-electron tomography experiments performed on monoclonal murine IgG2a antibodies. We measure the equilibrium distribution of the molecule in terms of the relevant angular coordinates and build a mechanical model of the antibody dynamics. This approach enables us to derive an explicit expression of the IgG potential energy. Furthermore, we discuss the configuration space at equilibrium in relation to results from other techniques, and we set our discussion in the context of the current debate regarding conformation and flexibility of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bongini
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Dinamiche Complesse, Università di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Florence, Italy
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