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Nawaz S, Kulyar MFEA, Mo Q, Yao W, Iqbal M, Li J. Homeostatic Regulation of Pro-Angiogenic and Anti-Angiogenic Proteins via Hedgehog, Notch Grid, and Ephrin Signaling in Tibial Dyschondroplasia. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3750. [PMID: 38136788 PMCID: PMC10740744 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise coupling of two fundamental mechanisms, chondrogenesis and osteogenesis via angiogenesis, plays a crucial role during rapid proliferation of growth plates, and alteration in their balance might lead to pathogenic conditions. Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is characterized by an avascular, non-mineralized, jade-white "cartilaginous wedge" with impaired endochondral ossification and chondrocyte proliferation at the proximal end of a tibial bone in rapidly growing poultry birds. Developing vascular structures are dynamic with cartilage growth and are regulated through homeostatic balance among pro and anti-angiogenic proteins and cytokines. Pro-angiogenic factors involves a wide spectrum of multifactorial mitogens, such as vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), placental growth factors, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and TNF-α. Considering their regulatory role via the sonic hedgehog, notch-gridlock, and ephrin-B2/EphB4 pathways and inhibition through anti-angiogenic proteins like angiostatin, endostatin, decoy receptors, vasoinhibin, thrombospondin, PEX, and troponin, their possible role in persisting inflammatory conditions like TD was studied in the current literature review. Balanced apoptosis and angiogenesis are vital for physiological bone growth. Any homeostatic imbalance among apoptotic, angiogenetic, pro-angiogenic, or anti-angiogenic proteins ultimately leads to pathological bone conditions like TD and osteoarthritis. The current review might substantiate solid grounds for developing innovative therapeutics for diseases governed by the disproportion of angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Nawaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.N.); (M.F.-e.-A.K.); (W.Y.); (M.I.)
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.N.); (M.F.-e.-A.K.); (W.Y.); (M.I.)
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Quan Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.N.); (M.F.-e.-A.K.); (W.Y.); (M.I.)
| | - Wangyuan Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.N.); (M.F.-e.-A.K.); (W.Y.); (M.I.)
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.N.); (M.F.-e.-A.K.); (W.Y.); (M.I.)
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.N.); (M.F.-e.-A.K.); (W.Y.); (M.I.)
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Hong TU, Park SK. The Roles of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Angiostatin, and Endostatin in Nasal Polyp Development. JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.18787/jr.2021.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Microvascular remodeling and angiogenesis are elements of tissue remodeling characteristic of chronic inflammatory diseases, including nasal polyps (NPs). Angiogenesis reflects the balance between the actions of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Many pro-angiogenic factors are known, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). A number of anti-angiogenic factors (e.g., angiostatin and endostatin) also has been identified. Our objective was to assess the roles of VEGF, angiostatin, and endostatin in NP development.Methods: The expression levels of VEGF, angiostatin, and endostatin were measured in NPs harvested during endoscopic endonasal surgery and compared with those in inferior turbinate mucosa (control) samples acquired from patients with hypertrophic rhinitis without allergy. Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all samples.Results: The levels of VEGF and angiostatin were significantly higher in the NP subjects than in the controls. Neither the VEGF/angiostatin ratio nor the endostatin level differed significantly between the two groups. However, the VEGF/endostatin ratio was significantly higher in the NP than in the control group. Both the NP and control tissues were diffusely immunoreactive for VEGF, angiostatin, and endostatin.Conclusion: NP-associated hypoxia can elevate angiostatin level; moreover, an imbalance in the VEGF/endostatin ratio can contribute to NP formation.
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Groblewska M, Mroczko B. Pro- and Antiangiogenic Factors in Gliomas: Implications for Novel Therapeutic Possibilities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116126. [PMID: 34200145 PMCID: PMC8201226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, a complex, multistep process of forming new blood vessels, plays crucial role in normal development, embryogenesis, and wound healing. Malignant tumors characterized by increased proliferation also require new vasculature to provide an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients for developing tumor. Gliomas are among the most frequent primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by increased new vessel formation. The processes of neoangiogenesis, necessary for glioma development, are mediated by numerous growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and other proteins. In contrast to other solid tumors, some biological conditions, such as the blood–brain barrier and the unique interplay between immune microenvironment and tumor, represent significant challenges in glioma therapy. Therefore, the objective of the study was to present the role of various proangiogenic factors in glioma angiogenesis as well as the differences between normal and tumoral angiogenesis. Another goal was to present novel therapeutic options in oncology approaches. We performed a thorough search via the PubMed database. In this paper we describe various proangiogenic factors in glioma vasculature development. The presented paper also reviews various antiangiogenic factors necessary in maintaining equilibrium between pro- and antiangiogenic processes. Furthermore, we present some novel possibilities of antiangiogenic therapy in this type of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Groblewska
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital in Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital in Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-858318785
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PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF ANGIOSTATINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF OCULAR NEOVASCULAR DISEASES. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech14.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiostatins comprise a group of kringle-containing proteolytically-derived fragments of plasminogen/plasmin, which act as potent inhibitory mediators of endothelial cells proliferation and migration. Angiostatins are involved in modulation of vessel growth in healthy tissues and various pathological conditions associated with aberrant neovascularization. The aim of the present paper was to summarize available information, including our own experimental data, on prospects of angiostatin application for treatment of ocular neovascular diseases (OND), focusing on retinal pathologies and corneal injury. In particular, literature data on prospective and retrospective studies, clinical trials and animal models relating to the pathophysiology, investigation and management of OND are described. Special emphasis was made on the laboratory approaches of production of different angiostatin isoforms, as well as comparison of antiangiogenic capacities of native and recombinant angiostatin polypeptides. Several studies reported that angiostatins may completely abolish pathologic angiogenesis in diabetic proliferative retinopathy without affecting normal retinal vessel development and without exhibiting adverse side effects. Angiostatins have been tested as a tool for corneal antiangiogenesis target therapy in order to manage diverse ocular surface pathological conditions induced by traumas, chemical burns, previous surgery, chronic contact lens wear, autoimmune diseases, keratitis and viral infections (herpes, COVID-19), corneal graft rejection, etc. Among all known angiostatin species, isolated K5 plasminogen fragment was shown to display the most potent inhibitory activity against proliferation of endothelial cells via triggering multiple signaling pathways, which lead to cell death and resulting angiogenesis suppression. Application of adenoviral genetic construct encoding angiostatin K5 as a promising tool for OND treatment illustrates a vivid example of upcoming revolution in local gene therapy. Further comprehensive studies are necessary to elucidate the clinical potential and optimal regimes of angiostatinbased intervention modalities for treating ocular neovascularization.
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Madu CO, Wang S, Madu CO, Lu Y. Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer Progression, Diagnosis, and Treatment. J Cancer 2020; 11:4474-4494. [PMID: 32489466 PMCID: PMC7255381 DOI: 10.7150/jca.44313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a significant event in a wide range of healthy and diseased conditions. This process frequently involves vasodilation and an increase in vascular permeability. Numerous players referred to as angiogenic factors, work in tandem to facilitate the outgrowth of endothelial cells (EC) and the consequent vascularity. Conversely, angiogenic factors could also feature in pathological conditions. Angiogenesis is a critical factor in the development of tumors and metastases in numerous cancers. An increased level of angiogenesis is associated with decreased survival in breast cancer patients. Therefore, a good understanding of the angiogenic mechanism holds a promise of providing effective treatments for breast cancer progression, thereby enhancing patients' survival. Disrupting the initiation and progression of this process by targeting angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf)-one of the most potent member of the VEGF family- or by targeting transcription factors, such as Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs) that act as angiogenic regulators, have been considered potential treatment options for several types of cancers. The objective of this review is to highlight the mechanism of angiogenesis in diseases, specifically its role in the progression of malignancy in breast cancer, as well as to highlight the undergoing research in the development of angiogenesis-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikezie O. Madu
- Departments of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152. USA
| | - Stephanie Wang
- Departments of Biology and Advanced Placement Biology, White Station High School, Memphis, TN 38117. USA
| | - Chinua O. Madu
- Departments of Biology and Advanced Placement Biology, White Station High School, Memphis, TN 38117. USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163. USA
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Circulating angiostatin serum level in patients with systemic sclerosis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2017; 34:543-546. [PMID: 29422818 PMCID: PMC5799757 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2017.72459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is achronic connective tissue disease characterized by microangiopathy with inadequate angiogenesis. Angiostatin (AS) is a potent antiangiogenic factor specifically inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. Aim To evaluate the level of angiostatin in the serum of patients with SSc. Material and methods Serum levels of AS were measured in 20 SSc patients and 12 healthy controls. Results A statistically significant difference in the serum levels of AS in SSc patients was observed compared to the control group (636.51 vs. 869.20 ng/ml; p = 0.012). Significant correlations between limited and disseminated SSc (lSSc/dSSc) were not found, however, a difference between lSSc and the control group was demonstrated (620.00 vs. 869.20 ng/ml; p = 0.011). The serum level of AS was not associated positively with organ changes caused by SSc. However, a statistically significant lower serum level of AS was observed in patients with SSc and no esophageal (p = 0.008) or pulmonary changes (p = 0.007) compared to the control group. Conclusions Our results reveal significant differences in AS level in SSc patients compared to the healthy controls, and suggest that a low level of AS may occur as a result of impaired angiogenesis.
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Zhang W, Liu B, Feng Y, Liu J, Ma Z, Zheng J, Xia Q, Ni Y, Li F, Lin R. Anti-angiogenic activity of water extract from Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 206:337-346. [PMID: 28602865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr. (EP) is a Euphorbia species of Euphorbiaceae, which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has been reported to exhibit therapeutic effects on solid tumors, leukemias, and malignant ascites although underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly delineated. Anti-angiogenic therapy is a recognized strategy for treating cancer-based solid tumors, and is also associated with malignant ascites treatment. STUDY AIM To study the anti-angiogenic properties of the water extract of EP vinegar preparation (WEVEP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Following WEVEP treatment, intersegmental blood vessels were assessed during the development of transgenic Tg (flk: mCherry) zebrafish as was the proliferation, migration and network formation of HUVECs in vitro. mRNA expression of specific angiogenic-related genes including VEGF family members, Met, and NRP2 was also measured using quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR). RESULTS Data demonstrated that angiogenesis was inhibited by the WEVEP in zebrafish (from 100µg/mL to 250µg/mL, p < 0.0001) and in the HUVEC model (from 100µg/mL to 400µg/mL, p < 0.0001). In the zebrafish model, the mean vessel numbers of administered groups were 26.00 ± 1.29 (100µg/mL), 24.54 ± 2.20 (150µg/mL), 22.66 ± 2.68 (200µg/mL), 20.80 ± 1.75 (250µg/mL), compared to 27.67 ± 0.96 of control group. Relative quantitative gene expression in zebrafish treated with WEVEP demonstrated that only VEGFR3 was significantly increased and other 23 genes including Met, VEGFA, Flt-1 were significantly decreased. CONCLUSION WEVEP can positively modulate angiogenesis via multiple targeting mechanisms. Our novel results contribute towards the discovery of a possible mechanism(s) of the traditional use of EP in the treatment of cancer and malignant ascites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yaru Feng
- Beijing Key Lab for Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Ethnodrug, National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Beijing Key Lab for Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Ethnodrug, National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Beijing Key Lab for Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ni
- Beijing Key Lab for Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Farong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Ruichao Lin
- Beijing Key Lab for Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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Park YM, Kim MA, Jung HT, Kang HJ, Yoo HS, Kang IC. Nutriproteomic Analysis of Hwangmaemok-Induced Antiangiogenic Effect Using Antibody-Arrayed Protein Chip Assay. J Med Food 2017; 20:586-591. [PMID: 28581882 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antiangiogenic effects of Lindera obtusiloba Blume (Hwangmaemok, HMM), which is a plant in the Lauraceae family that is commonly used to treat colds and gastritis. Moreover, given that a recent study reported the inhibitory effects of HMM extract on cancer metastasis, we hypothesized that HMM extract might possess and antiangiogenic function. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of HMM extract on endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and neovascularization in chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), and investigated the molecular mechanism of antiangiogenesis using a ProteoChip-based proteomics technology. To examine the effects of HMM extracts on endothelial cell proliferation and migration, we conducted basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and migration. To assess the molecular mechanism of the antiangiogenic effects of HMM extract, a ProteoChip-based forwarded phase antibody array was employed to identify the differential expression of cell cycle proteins in HMM-treated HUVECs. HMM extract inhibited bFGF-induced HUVEC proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner and CAM angiogenesis. The ProteoChip-based antibody microarray data showed upregulation of Nibrin/NBS1 and downregulation of Plk-1 and Cyclin E, which are involved in cell division and controlling the cell cycle in bFGF-induced HUVECs. These data suggest that HMM may be a potent antitumor medicinal herb. The present study demonstrates that the antiangiogenic effect of HMM may be due to suppression of endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Taken together, these results emphasize the potential to use HMM extract as a potent angiogenesis inhibitor to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mi Park
- 1 Department of Biological Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University , Asan, Korea
| | - Min-A Kim
- 1 Department of Biological Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University , Asan, Korea
| | - Hee Tae Jung
- 2 East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Korean Medical Hospital of Daejeon University , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwa Jeong Kang
- 1 Department of Biological Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University , Asan, Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- 2 East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Korean Medical Hospital of Daejeon University , Daejeon, Korea
| | - In-Cheol Kang
- 1 Department of Biological Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University , Asan, Korea
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Lee J, Yang DS, Han SI, Yun JH, Kim IW, Kim SJ, Kim JH. Aqueous Extraction of Citrus unshiu Peel Induces Proangiogenic Effects Through the FAK and ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. J Med Food 2017; 19:569-77. [PMID: 27266341 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus unshiu peel has been used empirically as a traditional medicine to improve bronchial asthma and blood circulation in northeast Asian nations, including Korea, Japan, and China. In this study, we report the proangiogenic effects of the aqueous extract of Citrus unshiu peel (AECUP). In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, AECUP significantly induced cellular migration and capillary tube formation. We also demonstrated that AECUP markedly increased the phosphorylation of FAK and ERK1/2 through the integrin signaling pathway. Additionally, we identified that narirutin and hesperidin were major constituents of AECUP and both showed proangiogenic effects, but at different levels. Collectively, these results suggest that the AECUP may have potential as a therapeutic agent for improving angiogenic functions with reduced harmful side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwhoi Lee
- 1 Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University , Jeju-do, Korea
| | - Dong-Shik Yang
- 1 Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University , Jeju-do, Korea
| | - Song-I Han
- 1 Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University , Jeju-do, Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Yun
- 1 Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University , Jeju-do, Korea
| | - Il-Woong Kim
- 1 Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University , Jeju-do, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Kim
- 2 Division of Strategic Research Planning and Assessment, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Kim
- 1 Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University , Jeju-do, Korea.,3 Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University , Jeju, Korea
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Lin Z, Zhang Q, Luo W. Angiogenesis inhibitors as therapeutic agents in cancer: Challenges and future directions. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 793:76-81. [PMID: 27840192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis has become an attractive target for cancer therapy since the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first angiogenesis inhibitor (bevacizumab) for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer in 2004. In following years, a large number of angiogenesis inhibitors have been discovered and developed, ranging from monoclonal antibodies, endogenous peptides, to small organic molecules and microRNAs. Many of them are now entering the clinical trial, or achieving approval for clinical use. However, major limitations have been observed about angiogenesis inhibitors by continued clinical investigations, such as resistance, enhancing tumor hypoxia and reducing delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, which might be the main reason for poor improvement in overall survival after angiogenesis inhibitor administration in clinic. Therefore, optimal anti-angiogenic therapy strategies become critical. The present review summarizes recent researches in angiogenesis inhibitors, and proposes a perspective on future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexuan Lin
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhong Luo
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Kang H, Park BR, Yoo HS, Kwon KR, Kang IC. Anti-angiogenic function of a Korean Ginseng and Toad venom complex, Doksamsumsu-dan (DSSSD) analyzed by a forwarded phase antibody microarray. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-015-9308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kubo S, Takagi-Kimura M, Kasahara N. Combinatorial anti-angiogenic gene therapy in a human malignant mesothelioma model. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:633-8. [PMID: 26082103 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic gene therapy represents a promising strategy for cancer; however, it has rarely been tested in malignant mesothelioma, a highly aggressive tumor associated with asbestos with poor prognosis. In the present study, we investigated whether anti-angiogenic factors such as angiostatin, endostatin and the soluble form of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (sFlk1) were able to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation via lentivirus-mediated gene transfer into malignant mesothelioma cells in culture. We also assessed whether a dual-agent strategy had greater therapeutic benefit. Human malignant pleural mesothelioma MSTO-211H cells were transduced using lentiviral vectors that individually expressed angiostatin, endostatin and sFlk1 and linked to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) marker gene expression via an internal ribosome entry site. The lentivirus expressing EGFP alone was used as a control. The resultant cells designated as MSTO-A, MSTO-E, MSTO-F and MSTO-C were confirmed by western blot analysis and fluorescence microscopy to stably express the corresponding proteins. No differences were observed in the in vitro growth rates between any of these cells. However, co-culture of MSTO-A, MSTO-E and MSTO-F showed significant suppression of human umbilical endothelial cell growth in vitro compared with that of MSTO-C. Furthermore, a combination of any two among MSTO-A, MSTO-E and MSTO-F significantly enhanced efficacy. These results suggest that combinatorial anti-angiogenic gene therapy targeting different pathways of endothelial growth factor signaling has the potential for greater therapeutic efficacy than that of a single-agent regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Kubo
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Noriyuki Kasahara
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Tykhomyrov AA, Shram SI, Grinenko TV. [Role of angiostatins in diabetic complications]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2015; 61:41-56. [PMID: 25762598 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels. Angiogenesis is regulated by a number of factors of peptide nature. Disbalance of angiogenic system appears to be the major causative factor contributing vascular abnormalities in diabetes mellitus, resulting in various complications. Angiostatins, which are kringle-containing fragments of plasminogen/plasmin, are known to be powerful physiological inhibitors of neovascularization. In the present review, current literature data on peculiarities of production of angiostatins and their functioning at diabetes mellitus are summarized and analyzed for the first time. Also, role of angiostatins in the pathogenesis of typical diabetic complications, including retinopathies, nephropathies and cardiovascular diseases, is discussed. Data presented in this review may be useful for elaboration of novel effective approaches for diagnostics and therapy of vascular abnormalities in diabetes mellitus.
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Zhou X, Siu WS, Fung CH, Cheng L, Wong CW, Zhang C, Liu CL, Kwok HF, Lau CP, Wat E, Lau CBS, Leung PC, Ko CH, Hung LK. Pro-angiogenic effects of Carthami Flos whole extract in human microvascular endothelial cells in vitro and in zebrafish in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1256-1263. [PMID: 25172787 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Carthami Flos (CF) is a Chinese herb traditionally used for cardiovascular disease and bone injury in China with pharmacological effects on improving blood circulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the angiogenic potential of CF whole extract (extracted by boiling with water, followed by ethanol) and the underlying mechanisms in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) in vitro and in transgenic TG(fli1:EGFP)(y1)/+(AB) zebrafish with transgenic endothelial cells expressing EGFP (Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein) in vivo. METHODS Effects of CF whole extract on cell proliferation, migration and tube formation in HMEC-1 cells in vitro were detected by MTT assay, wound healing assay and tube formation assay. Its angiogenic effect in zebrafish was investigated by monitoring the sprout number in the sub-intestinal vessel (SIV), and the underlying mechanisms were tested by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS CF whole extract increased cell proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro in HMEC-1 cells. Its angiogenic effect was also confirmed in vivo in zebrafish by increasing the sprout number in the SIV. As determined by quantitative real-time PCR, CF whole extract up-regulated the expression of angiogenesis-related genes in zebrafish, including angiogenic and its associated growth factors and receptors (e.g. IGF1, CTGF, NRP2, and VEGFR3), transcription factor (e.g. HIF1A), matrix degradation and endothelial cell migration-related factors (e.g. MMP2, MMP9, TIMP2, PLG and PLAU), cell adhesion molecules (e.g. ITGAV, ITGB3, beta-catenin and PECAM1), tubule formation factors (e.g. ANGPT1, TIE-2, PDGFR-B, CDH5, S1PR1, FGF2, Shh, and TGFRB1), and blood vessel maturation/formation factor (e.g. Ephrin B2). CONCLUSIONS CF whole extract increased angiogenesis in HMEC-1 cells in vitro and in zebrafish in vivo with multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wing-Sum Siu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chak-Hei Fung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chun-Wai Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Cheuk-Lun Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Hin-Fai Kwok
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ching-Po Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Elaine Wat
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chun-Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Leung-Kim Hung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Tykhomyrov AA, Shram SI, Grinenko TV. The role of angiostatins in diabetic complications. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750814020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Melo PM, Bagnaresi P, Paschoalin T, Hirata IY, Gazarini ML, Carmona AK. Plasmodium falciparum proteases hydrolyze plasminogen, generating angiostatin-like fragments. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2014; 193:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Liu J, Wang Y, Akamatsu Y, Lee CC, Stetler RA, Lawton MT, Yang GY. Vascular remodeling after ischemic stroke: mechanisms and therapeutic potentials. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 115:138-56. [PMID: 24291532 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The brain vasculature has been increasingly recognized as a key player that directs brain development, regulates homeostasis, and contributes to pathological processes. Following ischemic stroke, the reduction of blood flow elicits a cascade of changes and leads to vascular remodeling. However, the temporal profile of vascular changes after stroke is not well understood. Growing evidence suggests that the early phase of cerebral blood volume (CBV) increase is likely due to the improvement in collateral flow, also known as arteriogenesis, whereas the late phase of CBV increase is attributed to the surge of angiogenesis. Arteriogenesis is triggered by shear fluid stress followed by activation of endothelium and inflammatory processes, while angiogenesis induces a number of pro-angiogenic factors and circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). The status of collaterals in acute stroke has been shown to have several prognostic implications, while the causal relationship between angiogenesis and improved functional recovery has yet to be established in patients. A number of interventions aimed at enhancing cerebral blood flow including increasing collateral recruitment are under clinical investigation. Transplantation of EPCs to improve angiogenesis is also underway. Knowledge in the underlying physiological mechanisms for improved arteriogenesis and angiogenesis shall lead to more effective therapies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
| | - Yongting Wang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai 200030, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yosuke Akamatsu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Chih Cheng Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA; SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - R Anne Stetler
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai 200030, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Dodd T, Wiggins L, Hutcheson R, Smith E, Musiyenko A, Hysell B, Russell JC, Rocic P. Impaired coronary collateral growth in the metabolic syndrome is in part mediated by matrix metalloproteinase 12-dependent production of endostatin and angiostatin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1339-49. [PMID: 23599440 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously shown that transient coronary artery occlusion stimulated coronary collateral growth (CCG) in healthy (Sprague Dawley) but not in metabolic syndrome (JCR:LA-cp [JCR] ) rats. Here, we sought to determine whether matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) negatively regulate CCG in the metabolic syndrome via release of endostatin and angiostatin. APPROACH AND RESULTS Rats underwent transient, repetitive left anterior descending occlusion and resultant myocardial ischemia (RI) for 0 to 10 days. CCG was measured in the collateral-dependent and normal zones using microspheres, MMP activation by Western blot, and endostatin and angiostatin by ELISA on days 0, 3, 6, 9, or 10 of RI. Endostatin and angiostatin were increased in JCR but not in Sprague Dawley rats on days 6 and 9 of RI. Increased endostatin and angiostatin correlated with increased MMP12 (≈ 4-fold) activation in JCR but not in Sprague Dawley rats on days 6 and 9 of RI. Inhibition of MMP12 in JCR rats nearly completely blocked endostatin (≈ 85%) and angiostatin (≈ 90%) generation and significantly improved CCG (collateral-dependent zone flow was ≈ 66% of normal zone flow versus ≈ 12% for JCR RI). CONCLUSIONS Compromised CCG in the metabolic syndrome is, in large part, because of increased MMP12 activation and consequent increased generation of endostatin and angiostatin, which inhibits late-stage collateral remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Dodd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
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Prager GW, Poettler M, Unseld M, Zielinski CC. Angiogenesis in cancer: Anti-VEGF escape mechanisms. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2012; 1:14-25. [PMID: 25806151 PMCID: PMC4367591 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2011.11.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that tumor-angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumor growth, tumor propagation and metastasis formation. Among several angiogenic activators, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors represent one of the major inducers of tumor angiogenesis. Thus, this system has become the focus of therapeutic interventions, which led to the approval of the anti-VEGF blocking antibody bevacizumab and the VEGFR-2 pathway inhibitors pazopanib, sorafenib and sunitinib. However, not every cancer patient benefits from such treatment or finally becomes resistant to anti-VEGF approaches; others are suffering from adverse effects. Thus, there is an urgent need for a better understanding of VEGF-independent mechanisms leading to angiogenesis in cancer. This review focuses on anti-VEGF escape mechanisms of tumor cells and its microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Prager
- Medical University of Vienna, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Austria
| | - Marina Poettler
- Medical University of Vienna, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Austria
| | - Matthias Unseld
- Medical University of Vienna, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Austria
| | - Christoph C Zielinski
- Medical University of Vienna, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Austria
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Boosani CS, Sudhakar YA. Proteolytically Derived Endogenous Angioinhibitors Originating from the Extracellular Matrix. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2011; 4:1551-1577. [PMID: 22267953 PMCID: PMC3260939 DOI: 10.3390/ph4121551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, a neovascularization process induced from the existing parent blood vessels, is a prerequisite for many physiological and pathological conditions. Under physiological conditions it is regulated by a balance between endogenous angioinhibitors and angioactivators, and an imbalance between them would lead to pathological conditions such as cancer, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Several proteolytically generated endogenous molecules have been identified which exhibit angioinhibition and/or antitumor activities. These angioinhibitors interact with endothelial and tumor cells by binding to distinct integrins and initiate many of their intracellular signaling mechanisms regulating the cell survival and or apoptotic pathways. The present review will focus on the extracellular matrix derived angioinhibitors, and their mechanisms of actions that point to the clinical significance and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Shekhar Boosani
- Cell Signaling, Retinal and Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE 68131, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Yakkanti A. Sudhakar
- Cell Signaling, Retinal and Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE 68131, USA; E-Mail:
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-402-498-6681; Fax: +1-402-498-6331
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Kim JM. Anti-angiogenic effects of water extract of a formula consisting of Pulsatilla koreana, Panax ginseng and Glycyrrhiza uralensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 9:1005-13. [DOI: 10.3736/jcim20110912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bang JY, Kim KS, Kim EY, Yoo HS, Lee YW, Cho CK, Choi Y, Jeong HJ, Kang IC. Anti-angiogenic effects of the water extract of HangAmDan (WEHAD), a Korean traditional medicine. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2011; 54:248-54. [PMID: 21416324 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-011-4144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the anti-angiogenic effects of the water extract of HangAmDan (WEHAD), which is a crude extract of nine Korean medicinal substances of animal and plant origin. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, WEHAD significantly inhibited bFGF-induced proliferation, adhesion, migration, and capillary tube formation. We used an antibody array to perform an analysis of signaling proteins, which showed up-regulated expression of various proteins including RAD51, RAD52, and p73, and down-regulated expression of pFAK. Blood vessel formation in a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) treated with WEHAD was markedly reduced in length compared with a PBS-treated control group. These results suggest that inhibition of angiogenesis by WEHAD may be the mechanism of action for the anti-cancer effects of HAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Bang
- InnoPharmasceen Inc., Hoseo University, Asan, 336-795, Republic of Korea
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Coulon S, Heindryckx F, Geerts A, Van Steenkiste C, Colle I, Van Vlierberghe H. Angiogenesis in chronic liver disease and its complications. Liver Int 2011; 31:146-62. [PMID: 21073649 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, liver cancer, cirrhosis and other liver-related diseases are the fifth most common cause of mortality in the UK. Furthermore, chronic liver diseases (CLDs) are one of the major causes of death, which are still increasing year-on-year. Therefore, knowledge about the pathophysiology of CLDs and its complications is of uttermost importance. The goal of this review is to clarify the role of angiogenesis in the disease progression of various liver diseases. Looking closer at the pathophysiology of portal hypertension (PH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we find that angiogenesis is a recurring factor in the disease progression. In PH, several factors involved in its pathogenesis, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammation and shear stress are potential mediators for the angiogenic response. The progression from fibrosis to cirrhosis, the end-point of CLDs, is distinguished by a prolonged inflammatory and fibrogenic process that leads to an abnormal angioarchitecture distinctive for cirrhosis. In several stages of NASH, a link might be made between the disease progression and hepatic microvasculature changes. HCC is one of the most vascular solid tumours in which angiogenesis plays an important role in its development, progression and metastasis. The close relationship between the progression of CLDs and angiogenesis emphasises the need for anti-angiogenic therapy as a tool for blocking or slowing down the disease progression. The fact that angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in CLDs gives rise to new opportunities for treating CLDs and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Coulon
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Analysis of anti-angiogenic mechanism of HangAmDan-B (HAD-B), a Korean traditional medicine, using antibody microarray chip. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-010-4412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Thrombospondin-1 as a Paradigm for the Development of Antiangiogenic Agents Endowed with Multiple Mechanisms of Action. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:1241-1278. [PMID: 27713299 PMCID: PMC4034032 DOI: 10.3390/ph3041241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled neovascularization occurs in several angiogenesis-dependent diseases, including cancer. Neovascularization is tightly controlled by the balance between angiogenic growth factors and antiangiogenic agents. The various natural angiogenesis inhibitors identified so far affect neovascularization by different mechanisms of action. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a matricellular modular glycoprotein that acts as a powerful endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis. It acts both indirectly, by sequestering angiogenic growth factors and effectors in the extracellular environment, and directly, by inducing an antiangiogenic program in endothelial cells following engagement of specific receptors including CD36, CD47, integrins and proteoglycans (all involved in angiogenesis ). In view of its central, multifaceted role in angiogenesis, TSP-1 has served as a source of antiangiogenic tools, including TSP-1 fragments, synthetic peptides and peptidomimetics, gene therapy strategies, and agents that up-regulate TSP-1 expression. This review discusses TSP-1-based inhibitors of angiogenesis, their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential, drawing our experience with angiogenic growth factor-interacting TSP-1 peptides, and the possibility of exploiting them to design novel antiangiogenic agents.
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Chen YH, Huang YH, Wu HL, Wu MP, Chang WT, Kuo YZ, Lu KC, Wu LW. Angiostatin K1-3 induces E-selectin via AP1 and Ets1: a mediator for anti-angiogenic action of K1-3. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6:1953-61. [PMID: 18761727 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiostatin, a circulating angiogenic inhibitor, is an internal fragment of plasminogen and consists of several isoforms, K1-3 included. We previously showed that K1-3 was the most potent angiostatin to induce E-selectin mRNA expression. The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanism responsible for K1-3-induced E-selectin expression and investigate the role of E-selectin in the anti-angiogenic action of K1-3. METHODS AND RESULTS Quantitative real time RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses confirmed a time-dependent increase of E-selectin mRNA and protein induced by K1-3. Subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence microscopy showed the co-localization of K1-3-induced E-selectin with caveolin 1 (Cav1) in lipid rafts in which E-selectin may behave as a signaling receptor. Promoter-driven reporter assays and site-directed mutagenesis showed that K1-3 induced E-selectin expression via promoter activation and AP1 and Ets-1 binding sites in the proximal E-selectin promoter were required for E-selectin induction. The in vivo binding of both protein complexes to the proximal promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Although K1-3 induced the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, only repression of JNK activation attenuated the induction of E-selectin by K1-3. A modulatory role of E-selectin in the anti-angiogenic action of K1-3 was manifested by both overexpression and knockdown of E-selectin followed by cell proliferation assay. CONCLUSIONS We show that K1-3 induced E-selectin expression via AP1 and Ets-1 binding to the proximal E-selectin promoter (-356/+1), which was positively mediated by JNK activation. Our findings also demonstrate E-selectin as a novel target for the anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Mdicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwa, ROC
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Kim HK, Oh DS, Lee SB, Ha JM, Joe YA. Antimigratory effect of TK1-2 is mediated in part by interfering with integrin alpha2beta1. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:2133-41. [PMID: 18645023 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recombinant two kringle domain of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (TK1-2) has been shown to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and tumor cell growth despite of sharing a low amino acid sequence homology with angiostatin. Here, we explored a possible inhibitory mechanism of action of TK1-2 by focusing on antimigratory effect. TK1-2 effectively inhibited endothelial cell migration induced by basic fibroblast growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor in a dose-dependent manner and tube formation on Matrigel. It blocked basic fibroblast growth factor-induced or vascular endothelial growth factor-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions. Interestingly, TK1-2 alone induced the weak phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, whereas it inhibited focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation induced by growth factors. When immobilized, TK1-2 promoted adhesion and spreading of endothelial cells compared with bovine serum albumin. However, treatment with anti-alpha(2)beta(1) blocking antibody markedly diminished endothelial cell adhesion to immobilized TK1-2 compared with anti-alpha(v)beta(3) or anti-alpha(5)beta(1) antibody. Pretreatment of soluble TK1-2 also altered the binding level of anti-alpha(2)beta(1) antibody to endothelial cells in fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Indeed, a blocking antibody against integrin alpha(2)beta(1) or knocking down of integrin alpha(2) expression prevented the inhibitory effect of TK1-2 in cell migration. Therefore, these results suggest that TK1-2 inhibits endothelial cell migration through inhibition of signaling and cytoskeleton rearrangement in part by interfering with integrin alpha(2)beta(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyung Kim
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-dong 505, Seocho-ku, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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Anai S, Goodison S, Shiverick K, Hirao Y, Brown BD, Rosser CJ. Knock-down of Bcl-2 by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides induces radiosensitization and inhibition of angiogenesis in human PC-3 prostate tumor xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:101-11. [PMID: 17237270 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the proto-oncogene Bcl-2 is associated with tumor progression. Bcl-2's broad expression in tumors, coupled with its role in resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy-induced apoptosis, makes it a rational target for anticancer therapy. Antisense Bcl-2 oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) reagents have been shown to be effective in reducing Bcl-2 expression in a number of systems. We investigated whether treating human prostate cancer cells with antisense Bcl-2 ODN (G3139, oblimersen sodium, Genasense) before irradiation would render them more susceptible to radiation effects. Two prostate cancer cell lines expressing Bcl-2 at different levels (PC-3-Bcl-2 and PC-3-Neo) were subjected to antisense Bcl-2 ODN, reverse control (CTL), or mock treatment. Antisense Bcl-2 ODN alone produced no cytotoxic effects and was associated with G(1) cell cycle arrest. The combination of antisense Bcl-2 ODN with irradiation sensitized both cell lines to the killing effects of radiation. Both PC-3-Bcl-2 and PC-3-Neo xenografts in mice treated with the combination of antisense Bcl-2 ODN and irradiation were more than three times smaller by volume compared with xenografts in mice treated with reverse CTL alone, antisense Bcl-2 ODN alone, irradiation alone, or reverse CTL plus radiotherapy (P = 0.0001). Specifically, PC-3-Bcl-2 xenograft tumors treated with antisense Bcl-2 ODN and irradiation had increased rates of apoptosis and decreased rates of angiogenesis and proliferation. PC-3-Neo xenograft tumors had decreased proliferation only. This is the first study which shows that therapy directed at Bcl-2 affects tumor vasculature. Together, these findings warrant further study of this novel combination of Bcl-2 reduction and radiation therapy, as well as Bcl-2 reduction and angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Anai
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Suite N2-3, P.O. Box 100247, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Zhang SX, Ma JX. Ocular neovascularization: Implication of endogenous angiogenic inhibitors and potential therapy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2007; 26:1-37. [PMID: 17074526 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2006.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ocular neovascularization (NV) is the primary cause of blindness in a wide range of ocular diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The exact mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of ocular NV is not yet well understood, and as a consequence, there is no satisfactory therapy for ocular NV. In the last 10 years, a number of studies provided increasing evidence demonstrating that the imbalance between angiogenic stimulating factors and angiogenic inhibitors is a major contributor to the angiogenesis induced by various insults, such as hypoxia or ischemia, inflammation and tumor. The angiogenic inhibitors alone or in combination with other existing therapies are, therefore, believed to be promising in the treatment of ocular NV in the near future. This article reviews recent progress in studies on the mechanisms and treatment of ocular NV, focusing on the implication and therapeutic potential of endogenous angiogenic inhibitors in ocular NV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah X Zhang
- Department of Medicine Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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30
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Cuevas P, Díaz-González D, García-Martín-Córdova C, Sánchez I, Lozano RM, Giménez-Gallego G, Dujovny M. Dobesilate diminishes activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK1/2 in glioma cells. J Cell Mol Med 2006; 10:225-30. [PMID: 16563234 PMCID: PMC3933114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2006.tb00303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors, regularly expressed at high levels in gliomas, are further upregulated during the transition of the tumor from low- to high-grade malignancy, and are essential for glioma progression. FGFs induce upregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade in cultured glioma cells, which suggests that MAPK pathway participates in the FGF-dependent glioma development. Recently, it has been shown that dobesilate, an inhibitor of FGF mitogenic activity, shows antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities in glioma cell cultures. Accordingly, it should be expected this new synthetic FGF inhibitor to affect the activation levels of MAPK. Here we report that immunocytochemical and Western blot data unequivocally show that treatment of cell cultures with dobesilate causes a significant decrease of the intracellular levels of ERK1/2 activation, one of the components of the MAPK signalling cascade. This finding supports an important role for dobesilate in glioma growth, suggesting that dobesilate should be a treatment to be born in mind for glioma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cuevas
- Servicio de Histología, Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. de Colmenar, km. 9.100, E-28034-Madrid-Spain.
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31
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Balaggan KS, Binley K, Esapa M, MacLaren RE, Iqball S, Duran Y, Pearson RA, Kan O, Barker SE, Smith AJ, Bainbridge JWB, Naylor S, Ali RR. EIAV vector-mediated delivery of endostatin or angiostatin inhibits angiogenesis and vascular hyperpermeability in experimental CNV. Gene Ther 2006; 13:1153-65. [PMID: 16572190 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy of equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV)-based lentiviral vectors encoding endostatin (EIAV.endostatin) or angiostatin (EIAV.angiostatin) in inhibiting angiogenesis and vascular hyperpermeability in the laser-induced model of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV). Equine infectious anaemia virus.endostatin, EIAV.angiostatin or control (EIAV.null) vectors were administered into the subretinal space of C57Bl/6J mice. Two weeks after laser injury CNV areas and the degree of vascular hyperpermeability were measured by image analysis of in vivo fluorescein angiograms. Compared with EIAV.null-injected eyes, EIAV.endostatin resulted in a 59.5% (P<0.001) reduction in CNV area and a reduction in hyperpermeability of 25.6% (P<0.05). Equine infectious anaemia virus.angiostatin resulted in a 50.0% (P<0.05) reduction in CNV area and a 23.9% (P<0.05) reduction in hyperpermeability. Equine infectious anaemia virus.endostatin, but not EIAV.angiostatin significantly augmented the frequency of apoptosis within the induced CNV as compared with injected controls. TdT-dUTP terminal nick end labeling analysis 5 weeks post-injection, and histological and retinal flatmount analysis 12 months post-injection revealed no evidence of vector- or transgene expression-related deleterious effects on neurosensory retinal cells, or mature retinal vasculature in non-lasered eyes. Highly expressing EIAV-based vectors encoding endostatin or angiostatin effectively control angiogenesis and hyperpermeability in experimental CNV without long-term deleterious effects, supporting the use of such a strategy in the management of patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Balaggan
- Division of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
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Schmidt A, Wenzel D, Thorey I, Sasaki T, Hescheler J, Timpl R, Addicks K, Werner S, Fleischmann BK, Bloch W. Endostatin influences endothelial morphology via the activated ERK1/2-kinase endothelial morphology and signal transduction. Microvasc Res 2006; 71:152-62. [PMID: 16650878 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2005] [Revised: 01/02/2006] [Accepted: 01/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endostatin, the proteolytic fragment of collagen XVIII, is known to be a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. However, to date, only limited knowledge exists with regard to the effects of endostatin on vessel morphology and the underlying signaling pathway. The aim of the present work was therefore to determine the impact of endostatin and its collagen XV analogue restin on vessel development during wound healing and embryonic angio- and vasculogenesis. Time lapse experiments and electron microscopy demonstrate similar morphological changes evoked by endostatin and the ERK1/2-kinase inhibitor PD98059. Furthermore, we show that ERK1/2 phosphorylation, a crucial signaling event in vascular morphogenesis, is regulated by endostatin via the protein phosphatase 2A PP2A. These findings provide new insight into a key signaling pathway of vascular remodeling evoked by a matrix-derived factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Schmidt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
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33
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Downs LS, Rogers LM, Yokoyama Y, Ramakrishnan S. Thalidomide and angiostatin inhibit tumor growth in a murine xenograft model of human cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 98:203-10. [PMID: 15975645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2004] [Revised: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of thalidomide and angiostatin on tumor growth, angiogenesis, and apoptosis in a xenograft model of cervical cancer. METHODS Human umbilical endothelial cells were treated with angiostatin or thalidomide and bFGF-induced proliferation was assessed with the MTT assay. Human cervical cancer cells (CaSki and SiHa) were injected into the flanks of nude mice. After tumors developed, mice were treated with angiostatin 20 mg/kg/day or thalidomide 200 mg/kg/day for 30 days. Fractional tumor growth was determined and immunohistochemical analysis of tumors was used to determine degree of angiogenesis. TUNEL assay was used to assess apoptosis. RESULTS Angiostatin inhibited endothelial cell proliferation by 50-60%. Thalidomide had no direct effect on endothelial cells. Angiostatin and thalidomide both inhibited tumor growth by about 55%. We found no additive or synergistic effect when the two agents were combined. Both agents inhibited angiogenesis and induced apoptosis when compared to tumors from control animals. CONCLUSIONS Angiostatin and thalidomide inhibit tumor growth, angiogenesis, and induce apoptosis in this xenograft model of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi S Downs
- The University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 395, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Abstract
Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, and haemostasis, the coagulation cascade leading to formation of a clot, are among the most consistent host responses associated with cancer. Importantly, these two pathways interrelate, with blood coagulation and fibrinolysis influencing tumor angiogenesis directly, thereby contributing to tumor growth. Moreover, many endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis are found within platelets or harboured as cryptic fragments of haemostatic proteins. In this review we outline ways in which angiogenesis is coordinated and regulated by haemostasis in human cancer. Then we detail the experimental and pre-clinical evidence for the ability of many of these endogenous proteins to inhibit tumor angiogenesis and thus their potential to be anti-cancer agents, with particular reference to any clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Staton
- Microcirculation Research Group, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
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35
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You WK, So SH, Sohn YD, Lee H, Park DH, Chung SI, Chung KH. Characterization and biological activities of recombinant human plasminogen kringle 1-3 produced in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 36:1-10. [PMID: 15177278 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2004.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2003] [Revised: 01/26/2004] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new capillaries from preexisting blood vessels, is involved in many pathological conditions, for example, tumorigenesis, diabetic retinopathy, and rheumatoid arthritis. Angiostatin, which contains the kringle 1-4 domains of plasminogen, is known to be a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and a strong suppressor of various solid tumors. In this study, we expressed recombinant protein containing the kringle 1-3 domains of human plasminogen in Escherichia coli and investigated its biological activities. The protein was successfully refolded from inclusion bodies and purified at a 30% overall yield, as a single peak by HPLC. The purified recombinant protein had biochemical properties that were similar to those of the native form, which included molecular size, lysine-binding capacity, and immunoreactivity with a specific antibody. The recombinant protein was also found to strongly inhibit the proliferation of bovine capillary endothelial cells in vitro, and the formation of new capillaries on chick embryos. In addition, it suppressed the growth of primary Lewis lung carcinoma and B16 melanoma in an in vivo mouse model. Our findings suggest that the recombinant kringle 1-3 domains in a prokaryote expression system have anti-angiogenic activities, which may be useful in clinical and basic research in the field of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weon-Kyoo You
- Mogam Biotechnology Research Institute, Bioproducts Research Center, 341 Pojung-ri, Koosung-myun, Yongin City, Kyonggi-do 449-910, Republic of Korea
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36
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Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus 2-Mediated Antiangiogenic Prevention in a Mouse Model of Intraperitoneal Ovarian Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.1342.11.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: In the present study, we sought to determine the potential of sustained transgene expression by a single i.m. administration of recombinant adeno-associated virus 2 (rAAV) encoding angiostatin and endostatin in inhibiting i.p. ovarian cancer growth and dissemination in a preclinical mouse model.
Experimental Design: Cohorts of female athymic nude mice received either no virus or 1.2 × 1011 particles of rAAV encoding green fluorescence protein or endostatin plus angiostatin, i.m. Three weeks later, the mice were i.p. injected with 106 human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3.ip1. As a measure of effectiveness of the therapy, tumor weight, abdominal distension, ascites volume and vascular endothelial growth factor level, and tumor weight were determined. Immunohistochemistry was done to determine tumor cell apoptosis and endothelial cell proliferation following the therapy. Tumor-free survival was recorded as the end point.
Results: Results indicated a significant tumor-free survival (P < 0.003) following therapy with rAAV encoding endostatin and angiostatin compared with untreated or rAAV-green fluorescence protein–treated mice. Ascites volume in rAAV endostatin and angiostatin–treated mice was significantly lower than naive mice and contained less hemorrhage and tumor conglomerates. The level of vascular endothelial growth factor in the ascites of antiangiogenic vector treated mice was also significantly less compared with the untreated mice. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated increased tumor cell apoptosis and decreased blood vasculature following rAAV endostatin and angiostatin treatment.
Conclusion: The results indicate that antiangiogenic genetic prevention from stable systemic levels of angiostatin and endostatin by i.m. administration of rAAV can be used for the treatment of i.p. ovarian cancer growth and dissemination.
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Doll
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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38
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Sun X, Qiao H, Jiang H, Zhi X, Liu F, Wang J, Liu M, Dong D, Kanwar JR, Xu R, Krissansen GW. Intramuscular delivery of antiangiogenic genes suppresses secondary metastases after removal of primary tumors. Cancer Gene Ther 2004; 12:35-45. [PMID: 15486558 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The success of surgery to remove primary tumors can be compromised by the subsequent outgrowth of metastases. It is recognized that primary tumors secrete antiangiogenic factors that suppress the outgrowth of their daughter metastases. In accord we show here that surgical removal of primary EL-4 lymphomas led to a marked decrease in the levels of circulating angiostatin and endostatin, and promoted the growth of distant nodular tumors. Expression vectors encoding angiostatin and endostatin, formulated with poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), were injected into the tibialis and gastrocnemia muscles, leading to expression of angiostatin and endostatin in muscle fibers. High levels of biologically active exogenous proteins were secreted into the circulation. Intramuscular gene therapy with angiostatin and endostatin plasmids significantly inhibited tumor vascularity and induced tumor cell apoptosis, and thereby suppressed the growth of secondary subcutaneous and disseminated metastatic tumors in the lung and liver. Simultaneous intramuscular delivery of both angiostatin and endostatin plasmids significantly prolonged the survival of mice after removal of primary tumors. These results suggest that intramuscular gene transfer of angiostatin and endostatin might serve as a prophylactic cancer-prevention strategy to combat the recurrence of cancer after surgical resection of primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Sun
- Department of Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Agarwal A, Muñoz-Nájar U, Klueh U, Shih SC, Claffey KP. N-acetyl-cysteine promotes angiostatin production and vascular collapse in an orthotopic model of breast cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2004; 164:1683-96. [PMID: 15111315 PMCID: PMC1615662 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) has been shown to be chemopreventive in clinical studies, and in recent studies, has shown promise in preventing tumor progression. Although the effects of NAC on tumorigenesis have been associated with decreased angiogenesis, the mechanism of the anti-angiogenic activity has not been determined. In the following study, we describe a novel mechanism whereby NAC therapy blocks MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cell proliferation and metastasis in an in vivo tumorigenic model. Athymic nude mice bearing MDA-MB-435 xenografts were treated with systemic NAC daily for 8 weeks. NAC treatment resulted in endothelial cell apoptosis and reduction of microvascular density within the core of the tumor leading to significant tumor cell apoptosis/necrosis. Angiostatin accumulated in tumors from NAC-treated but not control animals. Additional studies using a vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent chicken chorioallantoic membrane angiogenic assay recapitulated NAC-induced endothelial apoptosis and coordinate production of angiostatin, a potent endothelial apoptotic factor. In vitro studies showed angiostatin was formed in endothelial cultures in a vascular endothelial growth factor- and NAC-dependent manner, a process that requires endothelial cell surface plasminogen activation. These results suggest that systemic NAC therapy promotes anti-angiogenesis through angiostatin production, resulting in endothelial apoptosis and vascular collapse in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Agarwal
- Department of Physiology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3501, USA
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40
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Motamed K, Blake DJ, Angello JC, Allen BL, Rapraeger AC, Hauschka SD, Sage EH. Fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 mediates the inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation and the promotion of skeletal myoblast differentiation by SPARC: a role for protein kinase A. J Cell Biochem 2004; 90:408-23. [PMID: 14505356 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of the matricellular protein SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine) in modulation of vascular cell proliferation is believed to be mediated, in part, by its ability to regulate the activity of certain growth factors through direct binding. In this study, we demonstrate that SPARC does not bind to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF/FGF-2) or interfere with complex formation between FGF-2 and its high-affinity FGF receptor-1 (FGFR1), yet both native SPARC and a peptide derived from the C-terminal high-affinity Ca(2+)-binding region of protein significantly inhibit ligand-induced autophosphorylation of FGFR1 (>80%), activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (>75%), and DNA synthesis in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) stimulated by FGF-2 (>80%). We also report that in the presence of FGF-2, a factor which otherwise stimulates myoblast proliferation and the repression of terminal differentiation, both native SPARC and the Ca(2+)-binding SPARC peptide significantly promote (>60%) the differentiation of the MM14 murine myoblast cell line that expresses FGFR1 almost exclusively. Moreover, using heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG)-deficient myeloid cells and porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAECs) expressing chimeric FGFR1, we show that antagonism of FGFR1-mediated DNA synthesis and MAPK activation by SPARC does not require the presence of cell-surface, low-affinity FGF-2 receptors, but can be mediated by an intracellular mechanism that is independent of an interaction with the extracellular ligand-binding domain of FGFR1. We also report that the inhibitory effect of SPARC on DNA synthesis and MAPK activation in endothelial cells is mediated in part (>50%) by activation of protein kinase A (PKA), a known regulator of Raf-MAPK pathway. SPARC thus modulates the mitogenic effect of FGF-2 downstream from FGFR1 by selective regulation of the MAPK signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouros Motamed
- Department of Vascular Biology, The Hope Heart Institute, Seattle, Washington 98104-2046, USA.
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41
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Ahn JH, Kim JS, Yu HK, Lee HJ, Yoon Y. A Truncated Kringle Domain of Human Apolipoprotein(a) Inhibits the Activation of Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase 1 and 2 through a Tyrosine Phosphatase-dependent Pathway. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:21808-14. [PMID: 14996836 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m313633200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Most proangiogenic factors exert their biological effects primarily by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt signaling pathways. These pathways appear to play a critical role in endothelial cell migration, because selective inhibition of either ERK or PI3-K/Akt signaling almost completely prevented endothelial cell migration. Recently, we demonstrated that a truncated kringle domain of human apolipoprotein(a), termed rhLK68, inhibits endothelial cell migration in vitro. However, its mechanism of action was not well defined. In this study, we determined the effects of rhLK68 on ERK1/2 and PI3-K/Akt signaling pathways to explore the molecular mechanism of rhLK68-mediated inhibition of endothelial cell migration. Treatment with rhLK68 inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation but did not influence Akt activation. Interestingly, an inhibitor of protein-tyrosine phosphatase, sodium orthovanadate, dose-dependently reversed both rhLK68-induced dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 and decreased migration of endothelial cells, whereas rhLK68 showed no significant effects on MEKs phosphorylation. In conclusion, these results indicate that inhibition of endothelial cell migration by rhLK68 may be achieved by interfering with ERK1/2 activation via a protein-tyrosine phosphatase-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyung Ahn
- Mogam Biotechnology Research Institute, Yongin-city, Kyonggi-do, 449-910, Korea
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42
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Sima J, Zhang SX, Shao C, Fant J, Ma JX. The effect of angiostatin on vascular leakage and VEGF expression in rat retina. FEBS Lett 2004; 564:19-23. [PMID: 15094037 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(04)00297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2003] [Revised: 02/06/2004] [Accepted: 02/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiostatin is a potent angiogenic inhibitor. The present study identified a new activity of angiostatin: reducing vascular leakage, which is associated with diabetic macular edema, tumor growth and inflammation. An intravitreal injection of angiostatin significantly reduced retinal vascular permeability in rats with oxygen-induced retinopathy and in those with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, but not in normal rats. Consistent with its effect on permeability, angiostatin downregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the retina in both the rat models but not in normal controls. These results suggest that the effect of angiostatin on vascular leakage is mediated, at least in part, through blockade of VEGF overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sima
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 941 Stanton L. Young Blvd., BSEB 328B, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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43
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Chen YH, Wu HL, Chen CK, Huang YH, Yang BC, Wu LW. Angiostatin antagonizes the action of VEGF-A in human endothelial cells via two distinct pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 310:804-10. [PMID: 14550275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Angiostatin consisting of the first four-kringle domains of the plasminogen potently inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. However, the molecular mechanism of action whereby angiostatin mediates its inhibitory effect on proliferating endothelial cells remains elusive. We therefore used the proliferating cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) promoted by vascular endothelial growth factor A to identify the endogenous signaling elements that mediate the antiangiogenic effect of angiostatin. Treatment of HUVEC with angiostatin at a concentration known to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis resulted in induction of p53-, Bax-, and tBid-mediated release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. In addition, angiostatin also activated the Fas-mediated apoptotic pathway in part via up-regulation of FasL mRNA, down-regulation of c-Flip, and activation of caspase 3. These results suggest that the anti-angiogenic action of angiostatin is likely mediated by two distinct signaling pathways, one intrinsic mediated by p53 while the other extrinsic involved in FasL engagement and mitochondria dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Huey Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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44
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Zhang J, Cao YJ, Li FY, Li J, Yao LB, Duan EK. Effects of Fibronectin, VEGF and Angiostatin on the Expression of MMPs through Different Signaling Pathways in the JEG-3 Cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2003; 50:273-85. [PMID: 14672329 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0897.2003.00073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible signal pathway of fibronectin (FN), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiostatin (AS) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in JEG-3 cells. METHODS OF STUDY JEG-3 cells were cultured and were examined for the effect of FN, VEGF and AS on the expression of MMPs by immunocytochemistry, gelatin zymography, Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS We found that up-regulation of the expression of MMPs was induced by FN and VEGF through the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Flt-1/p38SAPK/MAPKAPK2 signaling pathways, respectively. Furthermore, AS down-regulated the expression of MMPs through the integrin alphaVbeta3/FAK signaling pathway independent of the integrin-binding motif Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD). CONCLUSION These data indicate that the expression of MMPs is regulated by many independent factors (such as FN, VEGF and AS) through different signaling pathways which influence the behavior of trophoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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45
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Dell'Eva R, Pfeffer U, Indraccolo S, Albini A, Noonan D. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by angiostatin: from recombinant protein to gene therapy. ENDOTHELIUM : JOURNAL OF ENDOTHELIAL CELL RESEARCH 2003; 9:3-10. [PMID: 12901356 DOI: 10.1080/10623320210712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tumor growth, local invasion, and metastatic dissemination are dependent on the formation of new microvessels. The process of angiogenesis is regulated by a balance between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, and the shift to an angiogenic phenotype (the "angiogenic switch") is a key event in tumor progression. The use of anti-angiogenic agents to restore this balance represents a promising approach to cancer treatment. Known physiological inhibitors include trombospondin, several interleukins, and the proteolytic break-down products of several proteins. Angiostatin, an internal fragment of plasminogen, is one of the more potent of this latter class of angiogenesis inhibitors. Like endostatin, another anti-angiogenic peptide derived from collagen XVIII, angiostatin can induce tumor vasculature regression, leading to a complete cessation of tumor growth. Inhibitors of angiogenesis target normal endothelial cells, therefore the development of resistance to these drugs is unlikely. The efficacy of angiostatin has been demonstrated in animal models for many different types of solid tumors. Anti-angiogenic cancer therapy with angiostatin requires prolonged administration of the peptide. The production of the functional polypeptides is expensive and technical problems related to physical properties and purity are frequently encountered. Gene transfer represents an alternative method to deliver angiostatin. Gene therapy has the potential to produce the therapeutic agent in high concentrations in a local area for a sustained period, thereby avoiding the problems encountered with long-term administration of recombinant proteins, monoclonal antibodies, or anti-angiogenic drugs. In this review we compare the different gene therapy strategies that have been applied to angiostatin, with special regard to their ability to provide sufficient angiostatin at the target site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Dell'Eva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
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46
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Kim JS, Chang JH, Yu HK, Ahn JH, Yum JS, Lee SK, Jung KH, Park DH, Yoon Y, Byun SM, Chung SI. Inhibition of angiogenesis and angiogenesis-dependent tumor growth by the cryptic kringle fragments of human apolipoprotein(a). J Biol Chem 2003; 278:29000-8. [PMID: 12746434 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m301042200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) contains tandemly repeated kringle domains that are closely related to plasminogen kringle 4, followed by a single kringle 5-like domain and an inactive protease-like domain. Recently, the anti-angiogenic activities of apo(a) have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. However, its effects on tumor angiogenesis and the underlying mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated. To evaluate the anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities of the apo(a) kringle domains and to elucidate their mechanism of action, we expressed the last three kringle domains of apo(a), KIV-9, KIV-10, and KV, in Escherichia coli. The resultant recombinant protein, termed rhLK68, exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of basic fibroblast growth factor-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation and migration in vitro and inhibited the neovascularization in chick chorioallantoic membranes in vivo. The ability of rhLK68 to abrogate the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases appears to be responsible for rhLK68-mediated anti-angiogenesis. Furthermore, systemic administration of rhLK68 suppressed human lung (A549) and colon (HCT-15) tumor growth in nude mice. Immunohistochemical examination and in situ hybridization analysis of the tumors showed a significant decrease in the number of blood vessels and the reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and angiogenin, indicating that suppression of angiogenesis may have played a significant role in the inhibition of tumor growth. Collectively, these results suggest that a truncated apo(a), rhLK68, is a potent anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor molecule.
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MESH Headings
- Allantois/blood supply
- Animals
- Apolipoproteins A/chemistry
- Apolipoproteins A/genetics
- Apolipoproteins A/pharmacology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chickens
- Chorion/blood supply
- Colonic Neoplasms/blood supply
- Colonic Neoplasms/chemistry
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelial Growth Factors/analysis
- Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/analysis
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/analysis
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Kringles/physiology
- Lung Neoplasms/blood supply
- Lung Neoplasms/chemistry
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphokines/analysis
- Lymphokines/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms/blood supply
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/analysis
- Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Umbilical Veins
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Seong Kim
- Mogam Biotechnology Research Institute, Yongin-city, Kyonggi-do 449-910, Korea
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47
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Xu R, Sun X, Tse LY, Li H, Chan PC, Xu S, Xiao W, Kung HF, Krissansen GW, Fan ST. Long-term expression of angiostatin suppresses metastatic liver cancer in mice. Hepatology 2003; 37:1451-60. [PMID: 12774025 DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic liver cancer has a very poor prognosis and lacks effective therapy. Anti-angiogenic therapies, which starve tumors of blood supply, have proven to be effective in preclinical models because tumor growth is angiogenesis dependent. However, long-term, high-level, and sustained expression of angiogenesis inhibitors, such as angiostatin, is necessary to prevent dormant tumors from becoming active again. To achieve this objective, we engineered a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding mouse angiostatin, an endogenous inhibitor of tumor vascularization. After intraportal delivery of this vector, high-level, stable transgene expression of angiostatin lasting for at least 6 months was observed locally in hepatocytes. Gene transfer of AAV-angiostatin via the portal vein led to significant suppression of the growth of both nodular and metastatic EL-4 lymphoma tumors established in the liver and prolonged the survival time of the mice. The growth of neovessels was inhibited significantly, and extensive apoptosis of tumor cells was observed. The anti-angiogenic activity of angiostatin was independent of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The AAV-angiostatin viruses did not appear to be toxic to mice, and there was no detectable apoptosis of hepatocytes. In conclusion, these encouraging results warrant future investigation of the use of AAV-mediated anti-angiogenic gene therapy for targeting unresectable liver metastases, especially after surgical removal of primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruian Xu
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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48
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Neuhaus T, Stier S, Totzke G, Gruenewald E, Fronhoffs S, Sachinidis A, Vetter H, Ko YD. Stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha (SDF-1alpha) induces gene-expression of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) and VEGF in human arterial endothelial cells and enhances VEGF induced cell proliferation. Cell Prolif 2003; 36:75-86. [PMID: 12680875 PMCID: PMC6496392 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2184.2003.00262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), mainly known as a chemotactic factor for haematopoietic progenitor cells, also provides angiogenetic potency. Since the intracellular signalling of SDF-1-induced neovascularization remains unclear, we studied in human umbilical arterial endothelial cells (HUAEC) the influence of SDF-1alpha on induction of the genes of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) and VEGF, as well as the activation of extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2, which are all known to be involved in endothelial cell proliferation. We found a time-dependent induction of Egr-1 and VEGF mRNA expression and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by SDF-1alpha. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Egr-1 expression is dependent on ERK 1/2 activation. Finally, we tried to confirm the relevance of the induced gene expression by detecting the [3H]thymidine incorporation as a marker for cell proliferation in HUAEC after stimulation with SDF-1alpha alone or together with VEGF. This particular test showed, that SDF-1alpha alone has no effect, but is able to significantly enhance VEGF induced DNA synthesis. In summary, SDF-1alpha is involved in different steps of endothelial cell proliferation, but, since Egr-1 and VEGF offer different functions, it may also play a so far undefined role on other conditions of the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Neuhaus
- Medizinische Universitäts-Poliklinik Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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49
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Ishikawa H, Nakao K, Matsumoto K, Ichikawa T, Hamasaki K, Nakata K, Eguchi K. Antiangiogenic gene therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma using angiostatin gene. Hepatology 2003; 37:696-704. [PMID: 12601367 DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that antiangiogenic gene delivery into cancer cells inhibits growth of certain tumors in vivo. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a hypervascular cancer, and antiangiogenic gene therapy might be suitable for HCC. In the present study, we investigated the antiangiogenic effects of angiostatin gene transduction into HCC both in vitro and in vivo. Angiostatin gene was cloned into a pSecTag2B mammalian expression vector to construct pSecTag2B-ANG. pSecTag2B or pSecTag2B-ANG were transfected into an HCC cell line, PLC/PRF/5, and then stable transfectants were obtained by Zeocin selection. pSecTag2B or pSecTag2B-ANG transfection did not alter the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic stimulator, or pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), an angiogenic inhibitor, in PLC/PRF/5 cells. However, conditioned media (CM) derived from pSecTag2B-ANG-transfected PLC/PRF/5 cells (CM-ANG) suppressed the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by 35% and 50%, respectively, relative to their effects on nontransfected cells. In in vivo experiments, pSecTag2B-ANG stable transfected (CM-Mock) and nontransfected cells (CM-N) were mixed at various proportions and the mixed cells were subcutaneously implanted into athymic mice. Suppression of tumor growth was noted in mice implanted with angiostatin gene-transfected cells, and such suppression was proportional with the percentage of transfected cells. Analysis of the vascular density in these tumors showed that the tumor growth suppression effect of angiostatin gene correlated with suppression of tumor vascularity. In conclusion, antiangiogenic gene therapy using angiostatin gene is potentially suitable for the treatment of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ishikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, and Health Research Center, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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50
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Cuevas P, Diaz-González D, Carceller F, Dujovny M. Dual blockade of mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK-1 (p42) and ERK-2 (p44) and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) by neomycin inhibits glioma cell proliferation. Neurol Res 2003; 25:13-6. [PMID: 12564119 DOI: 10.1179/016164103101201030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Several growth factors and their receptors are expressed in inappropriately high abundance in gliomas and are further upregulated during the transition from low- to high-grade malignancy. In glioma cells growth factors induce expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Here we report that neomycin restrained glioma cell proliferation in vitro by inhibition of p42/44 MAPK and the cyclic AMP element binding protein (CREB)-directed transcription pathways. Since alteration of gene transcription by inhibition of specific transcriptional regulatory proteins has important therapeutic potential, neomycin offers great promise for treating cancer and other diseases associated with a sustained MAPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cuevas
- Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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