1
|
The global male-bias in sex ratio at birth is sustained by the sex ratio genotypes of replacement offspring. Genetica 2019; 147:249-258. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-019-00074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
2
|
Radwan M, Dziewirska E, Radwan P, Jakubowski L, Hanke W, Jurewicz J. Air Pollution and Human Sperm Sex Ratio. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:907-912. [PMID: 29320903 PMCID: PMC6131459 DOI: 10.1177/1557988317752608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to address the hypothesis that exposure to
specific air pollutants may impact human sperm Y:X chromosome ratio. The study
population consisted of 195 men who were attending an infertility clinic for
diagnostic purposes and who had normal semen concentration of 15–300 mln/ml
(WHO, 2010). Participants represented a subset of men in a multicenter parent
study conducted in Poland to evaluate environmental factors and male fertility.
Participants were interviewed and provided a semen sample. The Y:X ratio was
assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Air quality data were
obtained from the AirBase database. In multivariate analysis the significant
reduction was observed in the proportion of Y/X chromosome bearing sperm and
exposure to particulate matter >10 μm in aerodynamic diameter PM10
(p = .009) and particulate matter <10 μm in aerodynamic
diameter PM2.5 (p = .023). The observed effects of a
lower Y:X sperm chromosome ratio among men exposed to air pollution support the
evidence that the trend of declining sex ratio in several societies over past
decades has been due to exposure to air pollution; however due to limited data
on this issue, the obtained results should be confirmed in longitudinal
studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Radwan
- 1 Department of Public Health Sciences, The State University of Applied Sciences in Plock, Plock, Poland.,2 Department of Gynecology and Reproduction, "Gameta" Hospital, Rzgów, Poland
| | - Emila Dziewirska
- 3 Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Radwan
- 2 Department of Gynecology and Reproduction, "Gameta" Hospital, Rzgów, Poland
| | - Lucjusz Jakubowski
- 4 Department of Medical Genetics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hanke
- 3 Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Jurewicz
- 3 Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cameron EZ, Edwards AM, Parsley LM. Developmental sexual dimorphism and the evolution of mechanisms for adjustment of sex ratios in mammals. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1389:147-163. [PMID: 27862006 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sex allocation theory predicts biased offspring sex ratios in relation to local conditions if they would maximize parental lifetime reproductive return. In mammals, the extent of the birth sex bias is often unpredictable and inconsistent, leading some to question its evolutionary significance. For facultative adjustment of sex ratios to occur, males and females would need to be detectably different from an early developmental stage, but classic sexual dimorphism arises from hormonal influences after gonadal development. Recent advances in our understanding of early, pregonadal sexual dimorphism, however, indicate high levels of dimorphism in gene expression, caused by chromosomal rather than hormonal differences. Here, we discuss how such dimorphism would interact with and link previously hypothesized mechanisms for sex-ratio adjustment. These differences between males and females are sufficient for offspring sex both to be detectable to parents and to provide selectable cues for biasing sex ratios from the earliest stages. We suggest ways in which future research could use the advances in our understanding of sexually dimorphic developmental physiology to test the evolutionary significance of sex allocation in mammals. Such an approach would advance our understanding of sex allocation and could be applied to other taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Z Cameron
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Amy M Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Laura M Parsley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jurewicz J, Radwan M, Sobala W, Radwan P, Jakubowski L, Wielgomas B, Ligocka D, Brzeźnicki S, Hanke W. Exposure to widespread environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals and human sperm sex ratio. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:732-740. [PMID: 27031570 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a trend toward a declining proportion of male births has been noted in several, but not all, industrialized countries. The underlying reason for the drop in the sex ratio is unclear, but one theory states that widespread environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals affecting the male reproductive system in a negative manner could be part of the explanation. The present study was designed to investigate whether the urinary phthalate, pyrethroids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons metabolites concentrations were associated with sperm Y:X ratio. The study population consisted of 194 men aged under 45 years of age who attended infertility clinic in Lodz, Poland for diagnostic purposes with normal semen concentration of 20-300 mln/ml or with slight oligozoospermia (semen concentration of 15-20 mln/ml) (WHO, 1999). The Y:X ratio was assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Urinary concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene were measured by high performance liquid chromatography, phthalate metabolites were analyzed using a procedure based on the LC-MS/MS methods and metabolites of synthetic pyrethroids were assessed by gas chromatography ion-tap mass spectrometry method. After adjustment for potential confounders (past diseases, age, abstinence, smoking, alcohol consumption, sperm concentration, motility, morphology) 5OH MEHP, CDCCA to TDCCA and 1-OHP was negatively related to Y:X sperm chromosome ratio (p = 0.033, p < 0.001, p = 0.047 respectively). As this is the first study to elucidate the association between the level of metabolites of widespread environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (phthalates, synthetic pyrethroids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) on sex chromosome ratio in sperm therefore, these findings require further replication in other populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jurewicz
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-362, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Michał Radwan
- Department of Gynecology and Reproduction, "Gameta" Hospital, 34/36 Rudzka St, 95-030, Rzgów, Poland
| | - Wojciech Sobala
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-362, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Radwan
- Department of Gynecology and Reproduction, "Gameta" Hospital, 34/36 Rudzka St, 95-030, Rzgów, Poland
| | - Lucjusz Jakubowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera St, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Danuta Ligocka
- Bureau of Quality Assurance, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomir Brzeźnicki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hanke
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-362, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Are there physiological constraints on maternal ability to adjust sex ratios in mammals? J Zool (1987) 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
6
|
Radwan M, Jurewicz J, Wielgomas B, Piskunowicz M, Sobala W, Radwan P, Jakubowski L, Hawuła W, Hanke W. The association between environmental exposure to pyrethroids and sperm aneuploidy. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 128:42-8. [PMID: 25655817 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to determine whether the environmental exposure to pyrethroids was associated with males sperm chromosome disomy. The study population consisted of 195 men who attended the infertility clinic for diagnostic purposes and who had normal semen concentration of 20-300×10(6) mL(-1) or slight oligozoospermia (semen concentration of 15-20×10(6) mL(-1)) (WHO, 1999). Participants were interviewed and provided a semen sample. The pyrethroids metabolites: 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA), cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (CDCCA), trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (TDCCA) and cis-2,2-dibromovinyl-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (DBCA) were analysed in the urine using a validated gas chromatography ion-tap mass spectrometry method. Sperm aneuploidy was assessed using multicolor FISH (DNA probes specific for chromosomes X, Y, 18, 13, 21). Our results showed that CDCCA >50th percentile was associated with disomy of chromosome 18 (p=0.05) whereas the level of TDCCA in urine >50th percentile was related to XY disomy (p=0.04) and disomy of chromosome 21 (p=0.05). Urinary 3PBA level ⩽50 and >50 percentile was related to disomy of sex chromosomes: XY disomy (p=0.05 and p=0.02 respectively), Y disomy (p=0.04 and 0.02 respectively), disomy of chromosome 21 (p=0.04 and p=0.04 respectively) and total disomy (p=0.03 and p=0.04 respectively). Additionally disomy of chromosome 18 was positively associated with urinary level of 3PBA >50 percentile (p=0.03). The results reported here are found that pyrethroids may be a sperm aneugens. These findings may be of concern due to increased pyrethroid use and prevalent human exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Radwan
- Department of Gynecology and Reproduction, "Gameta" Hospital, 34/36 Rudzka St, 95-030 Rzgów, Poland.
| | - Joanna Jurewicz
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-362 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera St, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Piskunowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera St, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Sobala
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-362 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Radwan
- Department of Gynecology and Reproduction, "Gameta" Hospital, 34/36 Rudzka St, 95-030 Rzgów, Poland
| | - Lucjusz Jakubowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital, Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wanda Hawuła
- Department of Medical Genetics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital, Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hanke
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-362 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Radwan M, Jurewicz J, Sobala W, Brze Nicki S, Radwan P, Jakubowski L, Hawuła W, Ulańska A, Hanke W. Human sperm aneuploidy after exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 28:RD14063. [PMID: 25751082 DOI: 10.1071/rd14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was associated with sperm aneuploidy. A sample of 181 men who attended an infertility clinic for diagnostic purposes and who had a normal semen concentration of 20-300×106 spermatozoa mL-1 or slight oligozoospermia (semen concentration of 15-20×106 spermatozoa mL-1;
Collapse
|
8
|
Radwan M, Jurewicz J, Radwan P, Ulańska A, Jakubowski L, Hanke W. Occupational risk factors and frequency of sex chromosome disomy. HUM FERTIL 2015; 18:200-7. [DOI: 10.3109/14647273.2015.1006693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
9
|
McAuliffe ME, Williams PL, Korrick SA, Dadd R, Marchetti F, Martenies SE, Perry MJ. Human sperm sex chromosome disomy and sperm DNA damage assessed by the neutral comet assay. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:2148-55. [PMID: 25069502 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between human sperm sex chromosome disomy and sperm DNA damage? SUMMARY ANSWER An increase in human sperm XY disomy was associated with higher comet extent; however, there was no other consistent association of sex chromosome disomies with DNA damage. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY There is limited published research on the association between sex chromosome disomy and sperm DNA damage and the findings are not consistent across studies. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, AND DURATION We conducted a cross-sectional study of 190 men (25% ever smoker, 75% never smoker) from subfertile couples presenting at the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Clinic from January 2000 to May 2003. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridization for chromosomes X, Y and 18 was used to determine XX, YY, XY and total sex chromosome disomy in sperm nuclei using an automated scoring method. The neutral comet assay was used to measure sperm DNA damage, as reflected by comet extent, percentage DNA in the comet tail, and tail distributed moment. Univariate and multiple linear regression models were constructed with sex chromosome disomy (separate models for each of the four disomic conditions) as the independent variable, and DNA damage parameters (separate models for each measure of DNA damage) as the dependent variable. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Men with current or past smoking history had significantly greater comet extent (µm: regression coefficients with 95% CI) [XX18: 15.17 (1.98, 28.36); YY18: 14.68 (1.50, 27.86); XY18: 15.41 (2.37, 28.45); Total Sex Chromosome Disomy: 15.23 (2.09, 28.38)], and tail distributed moment [XX18: 3.01 (0.30, 5.72); YY18: 2.95 (0.24, 5.67); XY18: 3.04 (0.36, 5.72); Total Sex Chromosome Disomy: 3.10 (0.31, 5.71)] than men who had never smoked. In regression models adjusted for age and smoking, there was a positive association between XY disomy and comet extent. For an increase in XY disomy from 0.56 to 1.47% (representing the 25th to 75th percentile), there was a mean increase of 5.08 µm in comet extent. No other statistically significant findings were observed. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A potential limitation of this study is that it is cross-sectional. Cross-sectional analyses by nature do not lend themselves to inference about directionality for any observed associations; therefore we cannot determine which variable is the cause and which one is the effect. A small sample size may be a further limitation. Comparison of these findings to other studies is limited due to methodological differences. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Although consistent associations across sex chromosome disomies or DNA damage measures were not observed, this study highlights the need to explore etiologies of sperm DNA damage and sex chromosome disomy to better understand the potential mechanistic overlaps between the two. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by NIOSH Grant T42 OH008416, and NIH/NIEHS Grants ES 009718, ES 000002, and R01 ES017457. During the study M.E.M. was affiliated with the Department of Environmental Health at the Harvard School of Public Health. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E McAuliffe
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Millennium: The Takeda Oncology Company, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - P L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S A Korrick
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - R Dadd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - F Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - S E Martenies
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - M J Perry
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Forgotten fathers: paternal influences on mammalian sex allocation. Trends Ecol Evol 2014; 29:158-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Kvist L, Giwercman YL, Jönsson BAG, Lindh CH, Bonde JP, Toft G, Strucinski P, Pedersen HS, Zvyezday V, Giwercman A. Serum levels of perfluorinated compounds and sperm Y:X chromosome ratio in two European populations and in Inuit from Greenland. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 34:644-50. [PMID: 23044208 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), which exhibit reproductive toxicity in experimental animals, affect sperm sex chromosome ratio. The Y:X ratio was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Serum concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were measured in 607 men from Greenland, Poland and Ukraine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Data was analyzed by linear and nonlinear regression. We observed no associations between PFOA and Y:X ratio (p=0.845 in a linear model, p=0.296 in a nonlinear model). A positive nonlinear association between PFOS and Y:X ratio was observed (p=0.016), with no association in a linear model (p=0.118). Analyzing the populations separately, a negative trend between categorized PFOS exposure and Y:X ratio was observed for the Inuit (B=-0.002, p=0.044). In conclusion, there was a negative trend between Y:X ratio and PFOS in the Inuit, while there was no association between PFOA and the Y:X ratio in adult men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linus Kvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
McAuliffe M, Williams P, Korrick S, Dadd R, Perry M. The association between sperm sex chromosome disomy and semen concentration, motility and morphology. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:2918-26. [PMID: 22892419 PMCID: PMC3442635 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between sex chromosome disomy and semen concentration, motility and morphology? SUMMARY ANSWER Higher rates of XY disomy were associated with a significant increase in abnormal semen parameters, particularly low semen concentration. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Although some prior studies have shown associations between sperm chromosomal abnormalities and reduced semen quality, results of others are inconsistent. Definitive findings have been limited by small sample sizes and lack of adjustment for potential confounders. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE AND DURATION Cross-sectional study of men from subfertile couples presenting at the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Clinic from January 2000 to May 2003. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS With a sample of 192 men, multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridization for chromosomes X, Y and 18 was used to determine XX, YY, XY and total sex chromosome disomy in sperm nuclei. Sperm concentration and motility were measured using computer-assisted sperm analysis; morphology was scored using strict criteria. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the odds of abnormal semen parameters [as defined by World Health Organization (WHO)] as a function of sperm sex chromosome disomy. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The median percentage disomy was 0.3 for XX and YY, 0.9 for XY and 1.6 for total sex chromosome disomy. Men who had abnormalities in all three semen parameters had significantly higher median rates of XX, XY and total sex chromosome disomy than controls with normal semen parameters (0.43 versus 0.25%, 1.36 versus 0.87% and 2.37 versus 1.52%, respectively, all P< 0.05). In logistic regression models, each 0.1% increase in XY disomy was associated with a 7% increase (odds ratio: 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.13) in the odds of having below normal semen concentration (<20 million/ml) after adjustment for age, smoking status and abstinence time. Increases in XX, YY and total sex chromosome disomy were not associated with an increase in the odds of a man having abnormal semen parameters. In addition, autosomal chromosome disomy (1818) was not associated with abnormal semen parameters. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A potential limitation of this study, as well as those currently in the published literature, is that it is cross-sectional. Cross-sectional analyses by nature do not lend themselves to inference about directionality for any observed associations; therefore, we cannot determine which variable is the cause and which one is the effect. Additionally, the use of WHO cutoff criteria for dichotomizing semen parameters may not fully define fertility status; however, in this study, fertility status was not an outcome we were attempting to assess. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the largest study to date seeking to understand the association between sperm sex chromosome disomy and semen parameters, and the first to use multivariate modeling to understand this relationship. The findings are similar to those in the published literature and highlight the need for mechanistic studies to better characterize the interrelationships between sex chromosome disomy and standard indices of sperm health. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by grants from NIOSH (T42 OH008416) and NIEHS (R01 ES009718, P30 ES000002 and R01 ES017457). The authors declare no competing interests. At the time this work was conducted and the initial manuscript written, MEM was affiliated with the Environmental Health Department at the Harvard School of Public Health. Currently, MEM is employed by Millennium: The Takeda Oncology Company. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M.E. McAuliffe
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Millennium: The Takeda Oncology Company, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - P.L. Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S.A. Korrick
- Millennium: The Takeda Oncology Company, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - R. Dadd
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - M.J. Perry
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, 2100 M Street NW, Suite 203, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McAuliffe ME, Williams PL, Korrick SA, Altshul LM, Perry MJ. Environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and p,p'-DDE and sperm sex-chromosome disomy. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:535-40. [PMID: 22189045 PMCID: PMC3339457 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal abnormalities contribute substantially to reproductive problems, but the role of environmental risk factors has received little attention. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the association of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) exposures with sperm sex-chromosome disomy. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 192 men from subfertile couples. We used multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for chromosomes X, Y, and 18 to determine XX, YY, XY, and total sex-chromosome disomy in sperm nuclei. Serum was analyzed for concentrations of 57 PCB congeners and p,p'-DDE. Poisson regression models were used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for disomy by exposure quartiles, controlling for demographic characteristics and semen parameters. RESULTS The median percent disomy was 0.3 for XX and YY, 0.9 for XY, and 1.6 for total sex-chromosome disomy. We observed a significant trend of increasing IRRs for increasing quartiles of p,p'-DDE in XX, XY, and total sex-chromosome disomy, and a significant trend of increasing IRRs for increasing quartiles of PCBs for XY and total sex-chromosome disomy; however, there was a significant inverse association for XX disomy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that exposure to p,p'-DDE may be associated with increased rates of XX, XY, and total sex-chromosome disomy, whereas exposure to PCBs may be associated with increased rates of YY, XY, and total sex-chromosome disomy. In addition, we observed an inverse association between increased exposure to PCBs and XX disomy. Further work is needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan E McAuliffe
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Male pygmy hippopotamus influence offspring sex ratio. Nat Commun 2012; 3:697. [PMID: 22426218 PMCID: PMC3293421 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-determining fetal sex is against the random and equal opportunity that both conceptus sexes have by nature. Yet, under a wide variety of circumstances, populations shift their birth sex ratio from the expected unity. Here we show, using fluorescence in situ hybridization, that in a population of pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) with 42.5% male offspring, males bias the ratio of X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa in their ejaculates, resulting in a 0.4337±0.0094 (mean±s.d.) proportion of Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa. Three alternative hypotheses for the shifted population sex ratio were compared: female counteract male, female indifferent, or male and female in agreement. We conclude that there appears little or no antagonistic sexual conflict, unexpected by prevailing theories. Our results indicate that males possess a mechanism to adjust the ratio of X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa in the ejaculate, thereby substantially expanding currently known male options in sexual conflict. Some animal populations are able to shift their birth sex ratio from the expected unity. This study shows, using fluorescence in situ hybridization, that in a captive population of pygmy hippopotamus the males appear to be able to adjust the ratio of X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa in their ejaculates.
Collapse
|
15
|
Tiido T, Rignell-Hydbom A, Jönsson BAG, Giwercman YL, Pedersen HS, Wojtyniak B, Ludwicki JK, Lesovoy V, Zvyezday V, Spano M, Manicardi GC, Bizzaro D, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Toft G, Bonde JP, Rylander L, Hagmar L, Giwercman A. Impact of PCB and p,p'-DDE contaminants on human sperm Y:X chromosome ratio: studies in three European populations and the Inuit population in Greenland. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2006; 114:718-24. [PMID: 16675426 PMCID: PMC1459925 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies indicate that persistent organohalogen pollutants (POPs) may contribute to sex ratio changes in offspring of exposed populations. Our aim in the present study was to investigate whether exposure to 2,2 ,4,4 ,5,5 -hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (p,p -DDE) affects sperm Y:X chromosome distribution. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We obtained semen and blood for analysis of PCB-153 and p,p -DDE levels from 547 men from Sweden, Greenland, Poland (Warsaw), and Ukraine (Kharkiv), with regionally different levels of POP exposure. The proportion of Y- and X-chromosome-bearing sperm in the semen samples was determined by two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. RESULTS Swedish and Greenlandic men had on average significantly higher proportions of Y sperm (in both cohorts, 51.2%) and correspondingly higher lipid-adjusted concentrations of PCB-153 (260 ng/g and 350 ng/g, respectively) compared with men from Warsaw (50.3% and 22 ng/g) and Kharkiv (50.7% and 54 ng/g). In the Swedish cohort, log-transformed PCB-153 and log-transformed p,p -DDE variables were significantly positively associated with Y-chromosome fractions (p-values 0.04 and <0.001, respectively). On the contrary, in the Polish cohort PCB-153 correlated negatively with the proportion of Y-bearing fraction of spermatozoa (p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that POP exposure might be involved in changing the proportion of ejaculated Y-bearing spermatozoa in human populations. Intercountry differences, with different exposure situations and doses, may contribute to varying Y:X chromosome ratios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarmo Tiido
- Molecular Reproductive Medicine Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Fertility Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tiido T, Rignell-Hydbom A, Jönsson B, Giwercman YL, Rylander L, Hagmar L, Giwercman A. Exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants associates with human sperm Y:X chromosome ratio. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:1903-9. [PMID: 15860497 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last decades, there has been concern that exposure to endocrine disruptors, such as persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs), may contribute to sex ratio changes in offspring of exposed populations. METHODS To investigate whether exposure to 2,2'4,4'5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (p,p'-DDE) affect Y:X chromosome proportion, semen of 149 Swedish fishermen, aged 27-67 years, was investigated. The men provided semen and blood for analysis of hormone, CB-153 and p,p'-DDE levels. The proportion of Y- and X-chromosome bearing sperm in semen samples was determined by two-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. RESULTS Log transformed CB-153 as well as log transformed p,p'-DDE variables were both significantly positively associated with Y chromosome fractions (P-values = 0.05 and <0.001, respectively). Neither age, smoking nor hormone levels showed any association with Y-chromosome fractions. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to indicate that exposure to POPs may increase the proportion of ejaculated Y-bearing spermatozoa. These data add to the growing body of evidence that exposure to POPs may alter the offspring sex ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarmo Tiido
- Fertility Centre, Scanian Andrology Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, SE 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Current awareness in prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|