1
|
Intravenous Ascorbic Acid and Lung Function in Severely IllCOVID-19 Patients. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090865. [PMID: 36144269 PMCID: PMC9505837 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that ascorbic acid improves the host’s immune system and, therefore, may play a role in reducing the severity of infectious diseases. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a potentially life-threatening viral infection that mainly infects the lungs. The objective of this review was to synthesize the existing findings from studies related to the effect of intravenous ascorbic acid on lung function in COVID-19 patients. For this review, PubMed, Cochrane, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Clinical Trial Registry, and Google Scholar databases were searched from December 2019 to May 2022. There was a total of six studies that investigated the large dose of ascorbic acid infusion intravenously on lung function in severely ill subjects with COVID-19. Out of six, three studies found that high-dose intravenous ascorbic acid improved lung function markers, and three studies found null results. Infusions of 12 g/d and 24 g/d of intravenous ascorbic acid had shown a significant improvement in lung function markers in two clinical trials. Studies that administered 8 g/d, 2 g/d, and 50 mg/kg/d of intravenous ascorbic acid found no influence on mechanical ventilation need and other lung function markers in critically ill subjects with COVID-19. Overall, the effect of intravenous ascorbic acid on the lung function of subjects with COVID yielded equivocal findings. More double-blinded, randomized, clinical studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm the effect of ascorbic acid in ameliorating the lung pathologies associated with COVID infection.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ascorbic Acid and the Premature Infant. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112189. [PMID: 35683989 PMCID: PMC9183051 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little information exists about the plasma target nutritional needs of the >15 million premature infants <37 weeks gestation. Investigating ascorbic acid’s (AscA) role in infant health, our study details the relationship of infant characteristics and maternal health on infant plasma AscA level (pAscA) during postnatal development. Furthermore, we determined pAscA influence during the first week of life (EpAscA) with later infant morbidities. We hypothesize that pAscA is influenced by gestational organ immaturity, as well as maternal factors, with EpAscA associated with greater morbidity risk. We conducted a prospective longitudinal observational study of pAscA, demographics and hospital course detailed in infants ≤34 weeks. Sixty-three subjects were included, with >200 urine and plasma data points analyzed. Maternal smoking, exposure to magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and advancing gestational and postnatal age were associated with lower pAscA. Non-white infants and those ≤30 weeks that developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia or retinopathy of prematurity had lower pAscA. Prenatal smoking, MgSO4, birth gestational age and race negatively influence pAscA. These results show prenatal and postnatal developmental factors influencing initial pAscA and metabolism, potentially setting the stage for organ health and risk for disease. Assessment of dietary targets may need adjustment in this population.
Collapse
|
3
|
Exploring the Immune-Boosting Functions of Vitamins and Minerals as Nutritional Food Bioactive Compounds: A Comprehensive Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020555. [PMID: 35056870 PMCID: PMC8779769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food components have long been recognized to play a fundamental role in the growth and development of the human body, conferring protective functionalities against foreign matter that can be severe public health problems. Micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals are essential to the human body, and individuals must meet their daily requirements through dietary sources. Micronutrients act as immunomodulators and protect the host immune response, thus preventing immune evasion by pathogenic organisms. Several experimental investigations have been undertaken to appraise the immunomodulatory functions of vitamins and minerals. Based on these experimental findings, this review describes the immune-boosting functionalities of micronutrients and the mechanisms of action through which these functions are mediated. Deficiencies of vitamins and minerals in plasma concentrations can lead to a reduction in the performance of the immune system functioning, representing a key contributor to unfavorable immunological states. This review provides a descriptive overview of the characteristics of the immune system and the utilization of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) in preventative strategies designed to reduce morbidity and mortality among patients suffering from immune invasions or autoimmune disorders.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yaqinuddin A, Ambia AR, Alaujan RA. Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D and Vitamin C to Improve Immunity in COVID-19 Patients. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2) infection causes life-threatening respiratory illness, which has caused significant mortality and morbidity around the globe. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes mild respiratory illness in most infected individuals; however, in some patients it may progress to sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and multiorgan dysfunction (MODS), which results in intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and increased fatalities. Recent evidence shows that most of these comorbidities associated with COVID-19 infection are associated with dysregulation of the host immune response. Vitamins C and D have been shown to regulate immune response by decreasing the proinflammatory cytokine release from immune cells and inducing proliferation of other immune cells to robustly fight infection. This review critically evaluates the current literature on vitamins C and D in modulating an immune response in different diseases and their potential therapeutic effects in preventing complications in COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yaqinuddin
- Department of Anatomy and Genetics, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayesha Rahman Ambia
- Department of Anatomy and Genetics, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad A. Alaujan
- Department of Anatomy and Genetics, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bagheri Hosseinabadi M, Khanjani N, Norouzi P, Faghihi-Zarandi A, Darban-Sarokhalil D, Khoramrooz SS, Mirbadie SR, Mirzaii M. The Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins on Proinflammatory Cytokines and Some Biochemical Parameters of Power Plant Workers: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Bioelectromagnetics 2020; 42:18-26. [PMID: 32931612 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Some epidemiological studies have suggested that exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) can affect the immune system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of antioxidant vitamin consumption on proinflammatory cytokines and biochemical parameters changes. In this randomized, controlled double-blinded trial study, power plant workers exposed to ELF-MFs were enrolled based on inclusion criteria. Ninety-one eligible subjects were randomly divided into four groups: the first group (400 units of vitamin E/day), second group (1,000 mg of vitamin C/day), third group (400 units of vitamin E and 1,000 mg of vitamin C/day), and control group. The intervention was conducted for 3 months. Proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and biochemical parameters (fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c], total protein, and albumin) were measured among the participants' serums, before and after the intervention. The mean level of IL-6 in all vitamin-receiving groups, the mean level of IL-1β in vitamin C and E&C groups, and the mean level of TNF-α in the vitamin C group, decreased significantly after intervention. The arithmetic means of the effect sizes for IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were 0.71, 0.57, and 0.2, respectively. The level of HDL-c in the vitamin E and vitamin E&C groups and the level of triglyceride in the vitamin C group significantly increased after the intervention. Taking antioxidant vitamins can prevent an increase of proinflammatory cytokines induced by prolonged exposure to ELF-MFs. Bioelectromagnetics. 2021;42:18-26. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Pirasteh Norouzi
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Ali Faghihi-Zarandi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Modelling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Davood Darban-Sarokhalil
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mehdi Mirzaii
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Mazidi M, Kengne AP, Cheskin LJ, Banach M. Serum lipophilic antioxidants levels are associated with leucocyte telomere length among US adults. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:164. [PMID: 30029639 PMCID: PMC6054751 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the association between serum concentrations of antioxidant and telomere length (TL) in U.S adults. METHODS Participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with data available on TL measures from 2001 to 2002 were included. Serum lipophilic antioxidants level was measured using high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. We used analysis of co-variance and multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, accounting for the survey design and sample weights. RESULTS Of the 5992 eligible participants, 47.5% (n = 2844) were men. The mean age was 46.9 years overall, 47.2 years in men and 46.6 in women (p = 0.071). In age, sex, race, education, marital status, adiposity, smoking, C-reactive protein adjusted linear regressions, antioxidant, serum α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, cis- β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and combined Lutein/zeaxanthin were positively and significantly associated with TL (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a possible positive association between serum concentrations of lipophylic antioxidant and TL. The implications of this association deserve further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L J Cheskin
- Department of Health, Johns Hopkins Weight Management Center Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Global Obesity Prevention Center at Johns Hopkins University, International Health/Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.,Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Zielona-Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
The global impact of childhood malnutrition is staggering. The synergism between malnutrition and infection contributes substantially to childhood morbidity and mortality. Anthropometric indicators of malnutrition are associated with the increased risk and severity of infections caused by many pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. Since childhood malnutrition commonly involves the inadequate intake of protein and calories, with superimposed micronutrient deficiencies, the causal factors involved in impaired host defense are usually not defined. This review focuses on literature related to impaired host defense and the risk of infection in primary childhood malnutrition. Particular attention is given to longitudinal and prospective cohort human studies and studies of experimental animal models that address causal, mechanistic relationships between malnutrition and host defense. Protein and micronutrient deficiencies impact the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs and compromise both innate and adaptive immune functions. Malnutrition-related changes in intestinal microbiota contribute to growth faltering and dysregulated inflammation and immune function. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the malnutrition-infection synergism, critical gaps in our understanding remain. We highlight the need for mechanistic studies that can lead to targeted interventions to improve host defense and reduce the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases in this vulnerable population.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bivona JJ, Patel S, Vajdy M. Induction of cellular and molecular Immunomodulatory pathways by vitamin E and vitamin C. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:1539-1551. [PMID: 28905653 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1375096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamins E and C are well known small molecules that have been used to maintain health for decades. Recent studies of the cellular and molecular pathways leading to immunomodulation by these molecules have been of interest, as have their anti-oxidant properties and signal transduction pathways for curing or improving infectious diseases and cancer. Areas covered: Herein, the authors provide a definition and the structural classification of vitamins E and C and how these molecules influence cellular function. The studies include in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies in animal models as well as clinical trials. The authors give particular focus to the scientifically factual and putative roles of these molecules in innate and adaptive immunomodulation and prevention or cure of diseases. Expert opinion: The antioxidant properties of vitamins E and C are well studied. However, whether there is a link between their antioxidant and immunomodulation properties is unclear. In addition, there is a strong, albeit putative, prevailing notion that vitamin C can prevent or cure infectious diseases or cancer. Presently, while there is proven evidence that vitamin E possesses immunomodulatory properties that may play a positive role in disease outcomes, this evidence is less available for vitamin C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Bivona
- a EpitoGenesis, Inc , Vernon , CT , USA.,b Department of Medicine , University of Vermont , Burlington , VT , USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dhama K, Saminathan M, Jacob SS, Singh M, Karthik K, . A, Tiwari R, Sunkara LT, Malik YS, Singh RK. Effect of Immunomodulation and Immunomodulatory Agents on Health with some Bioactive Principles, Modes of Action and Potent Biomedical Applications. INT J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2015.253.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
11
|
Molina N, Morandi AC, Bolin AP, Otton R. Comparative effect of fucoxanthin and vitamin C on oxidative and functional parameters of human lymphocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 22:41-50. [PMID: 24975831 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of FUCO alone or combined with vitamin C on different features of lymphocyte function related to ROS/RNS (reactive oxygen/nitrogen species) production. For this purpose we have evaluated the cytotoxicity of increasing concentrations of FUCO and vitamin C, the proliferative capacity of stimulated T- and B-lymphocytes, superoxide anion radicals (O(2)), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) production, antioxidant enzyme activities and the indexes of oxidative damage in proteins (carbonyl and thiol content). We have also evaluated the release of inflammatory cytokines and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity. Healthy human lymphocytes were acutely treated in vitro with FUCO (2 μM) with or without vitamin C (100 μM). Results revealed that human lymphocytes treated with FUCO at 2μM did not present any significant alteration in the proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes at both resting and stimulated conditions. Moreover, FUCO used at low concentrations showed more pro-oxidant than antioxidant effects, which were recognized by the increased H(2)O(2) and increased NO production. Anti-inflammatory activity of FUCO was confirmed by significantly increased IL-10 and decreased TNF-α production. Vitamin C increased T-lymphocyte proliferation, whereas vitamin C plus FUCO promoted a reduction in the proliferation rate of these cells. All groups decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 production although only vitamin C decreased IFN-γ either alone or when combined with FUCO. Overall, the combination of the antioxidants had more antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects than when they were applied alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Molina
- Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences, CBS, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Morandi
- Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences, CBS, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anaysa Paola Bolin
- Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences, CBS, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosemari Otton
- Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences, CBS, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sen A, Marsche G, Freudenberger P, Schallert M, Toeglhofer AM, Nagl C, Schmidt R, Launer LJ, Schmidt H. Association between higher plasma lutein, zeaxanthin, and vitamin C concentrations and longer telomere length: results of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62:222-9. [PMID: 24428184 PMCID: PMC4234001 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between plasma concentrations of antioxidative micronutrients and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in elderly adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING Austrian Stroke Prevention Study, a population-based cohort study on brain aging. PARTICIPANTS Individuals with a mean age of 66 ± 7 (n = 786; 58% female). MEASUREMENTS Concentrations of vitamin C, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, canthaxanthin, lycopene, α- and γ-tocopherol, α- and β-carotene, and retinol in plasma, advanced oxidation protein products as a measure of oxidative stress in serum, and LTL were measured. Vitamins and carotenoids were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography, advanced oxidation protein products using spectrophotometry, and telomere length using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analyses with adjustment for age and sex demonstrated that higher lutein, zeaxanthin, and vitamin C concentrations were strongly associated with longer telomere length. The associations were independent of body mass index, maximum oxygen uptake, and vascular risk factors and were not mediated by advanced oxidation protein products content. CONCLUSION This study provides first evidence that higher lutein, zeaxanthin, and vitamin C concentrations in plasma are associated with longer LTL in normal elderly persons and suggest a protective role of these vitamins in telomere maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Sen
- Research Unit for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Paul Freudenberger
- Research Unit for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | | | - Anna M Toeglhofer
- Research Unit for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Christoph Nagl
- Research Unit for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on AgingBethesda, Maryland
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Research Unit for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ingle AM, Verma AK, Tiwari R, Karthik K, Chakraborty S, Deb R, Rajagunalan S, Rathore R, Dhama K. Immunomodulators in day to day life: a review. Pak J Biol Sci 2013; 16:826-843. [PMID: 24498836 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2013.826.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There are ongoing trends of immunomodulation to combat a vast range of human and animal diseases including the incurable diseases like viral diseases, cancers, autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions. Animate as well as non-animate factors, surrounding us are interacting with our immune system. A balanced diet should contain all essential components from energy to vitamin and trace minerals. Each of these constituent has a very special effect on the immune system starting from their development to active role in immunity therefore, the outcome of their deficiency often ends in disease. Edible items which we consume like various vegetables, spices, herbs, fruits etc., are also equally responsible in manipulation of our system either in positive or negative way. Water has biggest share in our body and acts as the main medium to support the activities of the different system of body without exception of immune system. Proper environmental temperature is essential to maintain body's functions and experiments carried out regarding the effect of temperature suggest that extremes of the temperature are often cause immunosuppression directly by acting on the cells of immunity or indirectly through inducing stress and thereby increasing production of catecholamine which are potent anti-immune molecules. Various pathogenic as well as non-pathogenic bacteria cause immune suppression and immune potentiation, respectively. Proper exercise hold a prime position in the healthy life as it supports immunity and keeps disease away. The present review deals with all these immunomodulators having both positive and negative impact on the health status of an individual.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet M Ingle
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (UP)-243122, India
| | - Amit Kumar Verma
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Viswavidyalaya Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura-281001, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Viswavidyalaya Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura-281001, India
| | - K Karthik
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (UP)-243122, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Deaprtment of Animal Resource Development, Pt. Nehru Complex, Agartala, Tripura-799001, India
| | - Rajib Deb
- Animal Genetics and Breeding, Project Directorate on Cattle, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Grass Farm Road, Meerut, (UP)-250001, India
| | - S Rajagunalan
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (UP)-243122, India
| | - Rajesh Rathore
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (UP)-243122, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (UP)-243122, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim HW, Cho SI, Bae S, Kim H, Kim Y, Hwang YI, Kang JS, Lee WJ. Vitamin C Up-regulates Expression of CD80, CD86 and MHC Class II on Dendritic Cell Line, DC-1 Via the Activation of p38 MAPK. Immune Netw 2012; 12:277-83. [PMID: 23396903 PMCID: PMC3566423 DOI: 10.4110/in.2012.12.6.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble nutrient which primarily exerts its effect on host defense mechanisms and immune homeostasis, but the mechanism related to immune-potentiation is poorly understood. Since dendritic cells (DCs) are known as a potent antigen presenting cell (APC) that could enhance the antigen specific immune responses, we investigate the effects of vitamin C on activation of DCs and its related mechanism by using dendritic cell lines, DC-1. First, we found that there was no damage on DC-1 by 2.5 mM of vitamin C. In the presence of vitamin C, the expression of CD80, CD86, and MHC molecules was increased, but it was decreased by the pre-treatment of SB203580, p38 MAPK-specific inhibitor. We confirmed the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was increased by the treatment of vitamin C. Taken together, these results suggest that vitamin C could enhance the activity of dendritic cells via the up-regulation of the expression of CD80, CD86, and MHC molecules and the activation of p38 MAPK is related to this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Woo Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan 626-870, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jesenak M, Majtan J, Rennerova Z, Kyselovic J, Banovcin P, Hrubisko M. Immunomodulatory effect of pleuran (β-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus) in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 15:395-9. [PMID: 23261366 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) represent a very important problem in daily clinical practice because of their significant contribution to morbidity in children. Several natural nutritional supplements have been used in the prevention of RRTIs, but the clinical efficacy of only a few preparations is supported by scientific evidence. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, multicentre study, we have observed a group of 175 children (aged 5.65 ± 2.39 years) with more than 5 respiratory infections that occurred during the 12 months prior to the beginning of the study. Children were randomised into an active group, treated with Imunoglukan P4H® syrup (with pleuran-β-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus and vitamin C), or a placebo group (vitamin C only). During the 3 visits, within a 12-month period, questionnaires were completed, and blood samples were examined for immune parameters. RESULTS In the active group, 36% of the children did not suffer from any respiratory infections throughout the treatment, compared to 21% in the placebo group (p<0.05). Imunoglukan P4H® also significantly decreased the frequency of flu and flu-like disease and the number of lower respiratory tract infections. Imunoglukan P4H® treatment resulted in a statistically significant modulation of humoral and cellular immunity. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study demonstrate that Imunoglukan P4H® is effective in the prevention of RRTIs in children. Furthermore, our results also revealed complex immunomodulatory activity of this product. This is the first double-blind, placebo-controlled study in children with RRTIs that has addressed the preventive effects of pleuran on morbidity caused by respiratory infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milos Jesenak
- Department of Paediatrics, Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova Street 2, 036 59 Martin, Slovakia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim JE, Kang JS, Lee WJ. Vitamin C Induces Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer Cell Line, HCT-8 Via the Modulation of Calcium Influx in Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Dissociation of Bad from 14-3-3β. Immune Netw 2012; 12:189-95. [PMID: 23213312 PMCID: PMC3509163 DOI: 10.4110/in.2012.12.5.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that vitamin C plays an effective role in the treatment and prevention of cancer, but its specific mechanisms are still largely unknown. The incidence of colon cancer is now increasing in Korea. Therefore, we have examined here the effect of vitamin C on the induction of the apoptosis on colon cancer and its related mechanisms. We have found that remarkable increase of the apoptosis and the calcium influx in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in human colon cancer cell line, HCT-8. However, vitamin C-induced apoptosis was effectively inhibited by the pre-treatment of BAPTA-AM (1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid), which is well-known as a calcium specific chelator. During the apoptosis, we found the increase of the translocation of Bad to mitochondria from cytosol, after releasing from 14-3-3β. In this process, the expression of Bax, a well-known pro-apoptotic protein, was also increased. Taken together, vitamin C induces apoptosis of colon cancer cell line, HCT-8 through the increase of 1) the calcium influx in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), 2) the translocation of Bad to mitochondria, and 3) the expression of Bax.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jee Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Puzik A, Thiel A, Faust K, Härtel C. Thalidomide has anti-inflammatory properties in neonatal immune cells. Innate Immun 2012; 19:42-52. [PMID: 22710762 DOI: 10.1177/1753425912449881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonates demonstrate functional immaturity and dysregulation of immune responses leading to systemic inflammation and enhanced apoptosis of immune cells. Thalidomide has already been proven to differentially regulate immune responses and support anti-apoptosis in immunodeficiency syndromes. Thus, it was the aim of this study to evaluate the effects of thalidomide on the cytokine response and apoptosis of neonatal immune cells. After whole blood culture and stimulation of cord and adult blood samples, the intracytoplasmic expression and the secreted amounts of IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-8 were assessed by flow cytometry and Cytokine Bead Array. Apoptosis was detected using Annexin-V staining. Bcl-2 expression was analysed using the Cytokine Bead Array Apoptosis Kit. Exposure to thalidomide (100 µg/ml) reduced the intracytoplasmic pro-inflammatory cytokine production of neonatal monocytes and the IFN-γ production of neonatal lymphocytes. In supernatants, the addition of thalidomide resulted in reduction of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and, by trend, IFN-γ. While stimulated neonatal lymphocytes exhibited susceptibility to apoptosis, thalidomide tended to diminish apoptotic cells. Bcl-2 expression tended to be increased after addition of thalidomide. The potent anti-inflammatory effects of thalidomide and its anti-apoptotic properties in cord blood immune cells provide the basis for future strategies to optimise treatment of neonatal infections and immunodeficiency syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Puzik
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Parrado AC, Canellada A, Gentile T, Rey-Roldán EB. Dopamine agonists upregulate IL-6 and IL-8 production in human keratinocytes. Neuroimmunomodulation 2012; 19:359-66. [PMID: 23051896 DOI: 10.1159/000342140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Catecholamines regulate functions of the nervous, neuroendocrine and immune systems. Dopamine may modulate the activity of keratinocytes, which play a role in secreting cytokines and chemokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dopaminergic agonists on the production of IL-6 and IL-8 by a non-tumoral human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). METHODS Cells were stimulated with dopamine and the D(2) dopamine receptor agonist cabergoline. Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in culture supernatants were then determined. Cell proliferation was also assessed. Assays were carried out in the presence or absence of the dopaminergic and β-adrenergic receptor antagonists (sulpiride and propranolol, respectively) and ascorbic acid. RESULTS Dopamine stimulated the production of IL-6 and IL-8 in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects observed on the secretion of IL-6 were more potent than those corresponding to IL-8 and were reduced by ascorbic acid. The dopamine-induced IL-6 secretion was partially reduced by sulpiride and abrogated by propranolol. The latter drug was able to block the effect of dopamine on the secretion of IL-8. The cabergoline-induced IL-6 release was reduced by sulpiride. Cell viability was not affected by any of the drugs. CONCLUSIONS Dopaminergic agonists can stimulate keratinocytes to produce IL-6 and IL-8 which are related to inflammatory cutaneous processes. These effects are mediated by dopaminergic and β-adrenergic receptors and by receptor-independent oxidative mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cecilia Parrado
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral R.A. Margni (CONICET-UBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Toumpanakis D, Karatza MH, Katsaounou P, Roussos C, Zakynthinos S, Papapetropoulos A, Vassilakopoulos T. Antioxidant supplementation alters cytokine production from monocytes. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2010; 29:741-8. [PMID: 19642904 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2008.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied in 10 healthy subjects the effect of chronic enteral supplementation of antioxidants (vitamins E, C, A, allopurinol, and N-acetylcysteine) on cytokine production by monocytes at rest, end exercise (60-min cycling at 60% of maximum oxygen consumption), and 60 min post-exercise (recovery). The percentage and the mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of both unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6-producing monocytes were detected using flow cytometry. Antioxidants decreased the percentage of unstimulated IL-6-producing monocytes following exercise, while their MFI increased at rest. The percentage of LPS-stimulated monocytes increased after exercise and they produced more IL-6 both at rest and following exercise. The percentage of unstimulated and LPS-stimulated IL-1beta-producing monocytes was not affected by antioxidants. The MFI of IL-1beta-produced unstimulated monocytes was increased after antioxidants both at rest and following exercise. After antioxidants, LPS-stimulated monocytes produced more IL-1beta following exercise. Antioxidants decreased the percentage of TNF-alpha spontaneously-produced monocytes following exercise, which produced more TNF-alpha at recovery. Antioxidants did not affect the percentage of LPS-stimulated monocytes producing TNF-alpha, while LPS-stimulated production of TNF-alpha increased both at rest and following exercise. Antioxidants differentially affect TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 production by monocytes, with a general tendency of augmenting cytokine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Toumpanakis
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, George P. Livanos Laboratory, University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilandou Street, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Maggini S, Wenzlaff S, Hornig D. Essential role of vitamin C and zinc in child immunity and health. J Int Med Res 2010; 38:386-414. [PMID: 20515554 DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the progressive elimination of dietary protein-energy deficits, deficiencies of micronutrients are emerging as the limiting factors in ensuring children's optimal health. Data from several countries in Asia and Latin America indicate that deficiencies of vitamin C and zinc continue to be at alarming levels. This article reviews the roles of vitamin C and zinc in supporting children's growth and development, with a particular focus on the complementary roles they play in supporting immune functions and combating infections. The contemporary relevance of vitamin C and zinc deficiency in the Asian and Latin American regions, both undergoing a rapid nutritional transition, are also discussed. Overall, there is increasing evidence that deficiency of vitamin C and zinc adversely affects the physical and mental growth of children and can impair their immune defences. Nutrition should be the main vehicle for providing these essential nutrients; however, supplementation can represent a valid support method, especially in developing regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Maggini
- Bayer Consumer Care Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|