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Kapteijn MY, Lanting VR, Kaptein FHJ, Guman NAM, Laghmani EH, Kuipers TB, Mei H, Goeman JJ, Mulder FI, van Duinen SG, Taphoorn MJB, Dirven L, Broekman MLD, van Es N, Klok FA, Koekkoek JAF, Versteeg HH, Buijs JT. RNA-sequencing to discover genes and signaling pathways associated with venous thromboembolism in glioblastoma patients: A case-control study. Thromb Res 2023; 232:27-34. [PMID: 37918288 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma patients are at high risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Tumor-intrinsic features are considered to play a role, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain incompletely understood. OBJECTIVES To identify tumor-expressed genes and signaling pathways that associate with glioblastoma-related VTE by using next generation RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). METHODS The tumor gene expression profile of 23 glioblastoma patients with VTE and 23 glioblastoma patients without VTE was compared using an unpaired analysis. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) core analysis was performed on the top 50 differentially expressed genes to explore associated functions and pathways. Based on full RNA-Seq data, molecular glioblastoma subtypes were determined by performing cluster analysis. RESULTS Of the 19,327 genes, 1246 (6.4 %) were differentially expressed between glioblastoma patients with and without VTE (unadjusted P < 0.05). The most highly overexpressed gene was GLI1, a classical target gene in the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway (log2 fold change: 3.7; unadjusted P < 0.0001, adjusted P = 0.219). In line, Shh signaling was among the top canonical pathways and processes associated with VTE. The proportion of patients with the proneural/neural glioblastoma subtype was higher among those with VTE than controls. CONCLUSION Shh signaling may be involved in the development of glioblastoma-related VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Y Kapteijn
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Div. of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Dept. of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent R Lanting
- Amsterdam University Medical Center location University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension & Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Tergooi Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Hilversum, the Netherlands
| | - Fleur H J Kaptein
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Div. of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Dept. of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Noori A M Guman
- Amsterdam University Medical Center location University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension & Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Tergooi Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Hilversum, the Netherlands
| | - El Houari Laghmani
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Div. of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Dept. of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas B Kuipers
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle J Goeman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frits I Mulder
- Amsterdam University Medical Center location University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension & Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Tergooi Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Hilversum, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd G van Duinen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martin J B Taphoorn
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Dirven
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | - Nick van Es
- Amsterdam University Medical Center location University of Amsterdam, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension & Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederikus A Klok
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Div. of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Dept. of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johan A F Koekkoek
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Henri H Versteeg
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Div. of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Dept. of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen T Buijs
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Div. of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Dept. of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Ardalan Khales S, Forghanifard MM, Abbaszadegan MR, Hosseini SE. EZH2 deregulates BMP, Hedgehog, and Hippo cell signaling pathways in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:21-30. [PMID: 36403545 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell signaling pathways play central roles in cellular stemness state, and aberrant activation of these cascades is attributed to the severity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we aimed to determine the potential impact of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) gene on different cell signaling pathways including bone morphogenesis protein (BMP), Hedgehog, and Hippo in ESCC, and to illuminate EZH2-mediated gene regulatory networks in this aggressive malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS EZH2 silencing was performed in two ESCC lines, KYSE-30 and YM-1, followed by gene expression analysis of BMP, Hedgehog, and Hippo signaling using RT-qPCR. EZH2 enforced expression was induced in both cell lines and gene expression of the pathways was evaluated in parallel. The contribution of EZH2 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration were also evaluated. RESULTS EZH2 downregulation decreased expression of the vital components of the Hedgehog and Hippo signaling, while EZH2 upregulation significantly increased its levels in both ESCC cell lines. The expression of BMP target genes was either reduced in EZH2-expressing cells or increased in EZH2-silencing cells. Enforced expression of EZH2 stimulated downregulation of epithelial markers and upregulation of mesenchymal markers in KYSE-30 and YM-1 cells. Significant downregulation of mesenchymal markers was detected following the silencing of EZH2 in the cells. Knocking down EZH2 decreased migration, while enforced expression of EZH2 increased migration in both ESCC lines. CONCLUSIONS These results may support the promoting role of EZH2 in ESCC tumorigenesis through the recruitment of important cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Zand Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz, Iran
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3
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Wu BC, Hsu ATW, Abadchi SN, Johnson CR, Bengali S, Lay F, Melinosky K, Shao C, Chang KH, Born LJ, Abraham J, Evans D, Ha JS, Harmon JW. Potential Role of Silencing Ribonucleic Acid for Esophageal Cancer Treatment. J Surg Res 2022; 278:433-444. [PMID: 35667884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Esophageal cancer is an aggressive malignancy with high mortality. Optimal treatment of esophageal cancer remains an elusive goal. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference is a novel potential targeted approach to treat esophageal cancer. Targeting oncogenes that can alter critical cellular functions with silencing RNA molecules is a promising approach. The silencing of specific oncogenes in esophageal cancer cells in the experimental setting has been shown to decrease the expression of oncogenic proteins. This has resulted in cell apoptosis, reduction in cell proliferation, reduced invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, decrease in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, and overcoming drug resistance. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been shown to be involved in esophageal adenocarcinoma formation in a reflux animal model. In addition to Hh, we will focus on other targets with clinical potential in the treatment of esophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched for articles published from 2005 to August 2020 that studied the siRNA effects on inhibiting esophageal cancer formation in experimental settings. We used combinations of the following terms for searching: "esophageal cancer," "RNA interference," "small interfering RNA," "siRNA," "silencing RNA," "Smoothened (Smo)," "Gli," "Bcl-2," "Bcl-XL," "Bcl-W,″ "Mcl-1," "Bfl-1," "STAT3,"and "Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)". A total of 21 relevant articles were found. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Several proto-oncogenes/oncogenes including Hh pathway mediators, glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli-1), Smoothened (Smo), and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 have potential as targets for silencing RNA in the treatment of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Chang Wu
- Bayview Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angela Ting-Wei Hsu
- Bayview Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sanaz Nourmohammadi Abadchi
- Bayview Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher R Johnson
- Bayview Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sameer Bengali
- Bayview Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Frank Lay
- Bayview Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kelsey Melinosky
- Bayview Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Kai-Hua Chang
- Bayview Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Louis J Born
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland
| | - John Abraham
- Bayview Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Jinny S Ha
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John W Harmon
- Bayview Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Mir MA, Mehraj U, Sheikh BA. Recent Advances in Chemotherapeutic Implications of Deguelin: A Plant-Derived Retinoid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2210315510666200128125950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Deguelin, a plant retinoid has emerged to be a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment
of different cancers. Recent studies demonstrate that deguelin has potential as an angiogenesis
antagonist in malignant and endothelial cells by specifically targeting HGF-c-Met and VEGFVEGFR
pathways. It is reported to have profound therapeutic effects in pancreatic cancer by inactivation
of the hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway and suppresses the expression of matrix metalloproteinases
such as MMP-2 and MMP-9. The basic underlying mechanisms for deguelin mediated anti-
NSCLC effects were uncovered through its induction of elevated intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species
(ROS) levels and suppression of the PI3K /Akt-HK2 signalling pathway. Deguelin induces cell
apoptosis by targeting various pathways most notably regulating the expression of galectin-1 and
binding directly to anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), Bcl-xl (B-cell lymphoma-extralarge)
and Mcl-1 (Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1) in the hydrophobic grooves thereby liberating BAD
and BAX from binding with these proteins. These results derived from the effect of Deguelin on various
cancer cell lines have further elucidated its role as a novel anti-tumorigenic agent targeting angiogenesis,
apoptosis, cell proliferation and migration for cancer chemoprevention. In this review, an
attempt has been made to highlight the potential therapeutic effects of Deguelin in destroying the
cancer cells by inhibiting various tumour promoting pathways and its uses as a therapeutic agent
alone or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor A. Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
| | - Umar Mehraj
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
| | - Bashir A. Sheikh
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
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Hong KD, Lee Y, Kim BH, Lee SI, Moon HY. Expression of GLI1 Correlates with Expression of Lymphangiogenesis Proteins, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3, in Colorectal Cancer. Am Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481307900232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is associated with tumorigenesis in various tissues. In colorectal cancer (CRC), evidence for Hh activation is inconsistent, and the relationship between the Hh signaling pathway and lymphangiogenesis has not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between Hh signaling and lymphangio-genesis and the association of this relationship with lymph node metastasis in CRC. We investigated 189 patients who underwent curative surgical resection for CRC between 2002 and 2004 at Korea University Guro Hospital. Paraffin-embedded specimens of colorectal adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal mucosa were evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining for Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Gli1, vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC), and VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR3) was performed for each specimen. Tumor specimen showed significantly strong staining of Shh, Gli1, VEGFC, and VEGFR3 compared with a normal specimen. Shh expression was not associated with Gli1 expression. Gli1 expression correlated positively with VEGFC and VEGFR3 expression ( P < 0.05 in both) but not with lymph node metastasis. Activation of the Hh signaling pathway associated with Gli1 promotes expression of lymphangiogenesis proteins, VEGFC and VEGFR3, in CRC. Further studies are necessary to determine the association of this relationship with lymph node metastasis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Dae Hong
- Departments of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Hui Kim
- Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Il Lee
- Departments of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Young Moon
- Departments of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhao G, Li H, Guo Q, Zhou A, Wang X, Li P, Zhang S. Exosomal Sonic Hedgehog derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes proliferation and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:2500-2513. [PMID: 32030915 PMCID: PMC7131837 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common and aggressive malignancies in China. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can actively communicate with and stimulate tumor cells, thereby contributing to the development and progression of tumors. Yet, whether CAFs-derived exosomes have a role in the progression of ESCC is largely unknown. Here, we find that Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) is highly expressed in CAFs lysis solution, conditioned medium of cultured CAFs (CAF-CM) and CAFs-derived exosomes, and esophageal cancer cell lines educated by CAF-CM and CAFs-derived exosomes can improve their growth and migration abilities in vitro and in vivo. Besides, those effects can be partly neutralized by cyclopamine, inhibitor of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Thus, our research elucidates the crucial role of CAFs-derived exosomes in the growth and progression of ESCC, and may open up new avenues in the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hengcun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qingdong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Anni Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Liu H, Zhang W, Wang L, Zhang Z, Xiong W, Zhang L, Fu T, Li X, Chen Y, Liu Y. GLI1 is increased in ovarian endometriosis and regulates migration, invasion and proliferation of human endometrial stromal cells in endometriosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:663. [PMID: 31930064 PMCID: PMC6944576 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disorder which shares certain characteristics with malignant tumor like migration, invasion and proliferation. Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) has been implicated in some cancers including endometrial cancer, however, its role in endometriosis remains unknown. METHODS The aim of this study was to explore the expression pattern of GLI1 in endometriosis, and further investigate the effect of GLI1 regulation on human endometrial stromal cells. The expression of GLI1 in normal endometrium and ectopic tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The Short hairpin RNA (ShRNA) intervention technique and GLI1 inhibitor GANT-61 were used to silence GLI1. The expression levels of GLI1, MMP2 and MMP9 was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. The migration and invasion ability of human endometrial stromal cells was determined by wound healing assay and transwell migration/invasion assay. The viability and proliferation potentiality of cells was detected by MTT assays and colony formation assay, respectively. RESULTS We found that the expression of GLI1 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in ectopic endometrium from patients with endometriosis. Our analyses also show that GLI1 downregulation attenuated cells migration, invasion and proliferation abilities. What's more, reduced expression of GLI1 inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that high levels of GLI1 may contribute to the development of endometriosis by promoting cell migration, invasion and proliferation involving regulation of MMP2 and MMP9 expression. Therefore, inhibition of GLI1 might be a novel potential therapeutic approach to the treatment of endometriosis, which sheds new light on our understanding of the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengwei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430032, China
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Wenqian Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Tian Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoou Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yaobing Chen
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Yao F, Yu J, He Y, Liu J, Li H, Liu Q, Long H, Wu Q. Primary impact of Gli1 on radioresistance in esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4825-4833. [PMID: 31611993 PMCID: PMC6781776 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance is the primary cause for the low efficacy of radiotherapy in the treatment of esophageal cancer (EC). Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway may be involved in the pathology of various tumors, including EC. The present study aimed to examine the association between radioresistance in EC and the Sonic Hedgehog pathway, and to determine whether a downstream transcription factor of the Shh pathway, glioma-associated oncogene family zinc finger 1 (Gli1), serves a primary role in radioresistance. The radiation-resistant cell line Eca109R was established by repeated low dose (cumulative dose 60 Gy) irradiation of the human EC cell line Eca109. The level of cell radiosensitivity was determined by colony formation assay, and the localization of Gli1 was detected using immunofluorescence. Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression levels of Gli1, Shh, patched 1 (Ptch) and smoothened frizzled class receptor (Smo) in the two cell lines. Significantly higher levels of Gli1 were identified in the Eca109R cell line compared with those inEca109 cells (P<0.05). Additionally, western blotting analysis demonstrated an increased expression level of the Gli1, Shh, Ptch and Smo proteins in Eca109R, compared with Eca109 cells (P<0.05). Overexpression of Gli1 in the parental cell line led to decreased levels of radiosensitivity and radiosensitivity of the radioresistant cell line was restored through knockdown of Gli1. The present study demonstrated that Gli1 may be associated with the development of radioresistance in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Jinjing Yu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Yulin He
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Hui Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Qingming Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
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Zhang Y, Hu C. WIF-1 and Ihh Expression and Clinical Significance in Patients With Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 26:454-461. [PMID: 27801732 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the expression of wingless-type inhibitory factor-1 (WIF-1) and Ihh protein in tumor tissues and their clinical significance in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The expression of WIF-1 and Ihh protein in 74 squamous cell carcinomas and 76 adenocarcinomas was measured by immunohistochemistry. The percentage of positive WIF-1 protein expression was significantly higher, while positive Ihh protein expression was significantly lower in patients with well-differentiated lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage I disease, and lymph node metastasis than that in patients with poorly differentiated tumor, TNM stage III disease, and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05, <0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that TNM stage and lymph node metastasis were significantly associated with the mean overall survival of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (P<0.05 or <0.01). Patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (P=0.037) and adenocarcinoma (P=0.001) with positive Ihh protein expression survived significantly shorter than patients with negative Ihh protein expression. In contrast, no significant difference in mean survival was observed in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma with positive and negative WIF-1 protein expression (P>0.05). Ihh is a marker for poor prognosis in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. WIF-1 is not a predictive marker for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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Role of Hedgehog Signaling in Breast Cancer: Pathogenesis and Therapeutics. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040375. [PMID: 31027259 PMCID: PMC6523618 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, only followed by lung cancer. Given the importance of BC in public health, it is essential to identify biomarkers to predict prognosis, predetermine drug resistance and provide treatment guidelines that include personalized targeted therapies. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays an essential role in embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and stem cell renewal. Several lines of evidence endorse the important role of canonical and non-canonical Hh signaling in BC. In this comprehensive review we discuss the role of Hh signaling in breast development and homeostasis and its contribution to tumorigenesis and progression of different subtypes of BC. We also examine the efficacy of agents targeting different components of the Hh pathway both in preclinical models and in clinical trials. The contribution of the Hh pathway in BC tumorigenesis and progression, its prognostic role, and its value as a therapeutic target vary according to the molecular, clinical, and histopathological characteristics of the BC patients. The evidence presented here highlights the relevance of the Hh signaling in BC, and suggest that this pathway is key for BC progression and metastasis.
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Osei-Sarfo K, Gudas LJ. Retinoids induce antagonism between FOXO3A and FOXM1 transcription factors in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215234. [PMID: 30978209 PMCID: PMC6461257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain a greater understanding of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) we investigated the actions of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA; a retinoid), bexarotene (a pan-RXR agonist), and forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors in human OSCC-derived cell lines. RA and bexarotene have been shown to limit several oncogenic pathways in many cell types. FOXO proteins typically are associated with tumor suppressive activities, whereas FOXM1 acts as an oncogene when overexpressed in several cancers. RA and/or bexarotene increased the transcript levels of FOXO1, FOXO3A, and TRAIL receptors; reduced the transcript levels of FOXM1, Aurora kinase B (AURKB), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA); and decreased the proliferation of OSCC-derived cell lines. Also, RA and/or bexarotene influenced the recruitment of FOXO3A and FOXM1 to target genes. Additionally, FOXM1 depletion reduced cell proliferation, decreased transcript levels of downstream targets of FOXM1, and increased transcript levels of TRAIL receptors. Overexpression of FOXO3A decreased proliferation and increased binding of histone deacetylases (HDACs) 1 and 2 at the FOXM1, AURKB, and VEGFA promoters. This research suggests novel influences of the drugs RA and bexarotene on the expression of FOXM1 and FOXO3A in transcriptional regulatory pathways of human OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwame Osei-Sarfo
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
- Weill Cornell Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lorraine J. Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
- Weill Cornell Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
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12
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Yu J, Wu R, Wang Z, Chen S, Chen S, Guo G, Liu Z. Cyclopamine Suppresses Human Esophageal Carcinoma Cell Growth by Inhibiting Glioma-Associated Oncogene Protein-1, a Marker of Human Esophageal Carcinoma Progression. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1518-1525. [PMID: 30807555 PMCID: PMC6400020 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal carcinoma is a common gastrointestinal tumor in humans. Cyclopamine, a Hedgehog (Hh)-pathway-specific inhibitor, is an effective chemotherapeutic drug for suppressing tumor cell differentiation, with unclear mechanisms. We investigated glioma-associated oncogene protein-1 (Gli-1) expression in human esophageal carcinoma tissue and the inhibition of cyclopamine on EC9706 esophageal carcinoma cell growth. MATERIAL AND METHODS Gli-1 in tumor tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). EC9706 cells were treated with different concentrations of cyclopamine and incubated for different times. MTT method, flow cytometry, and Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double-fluorescence staining were applied to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. Western blot (WB) analysis was performed to assess Gli-1 expression. RESULTS Gli-1 was associated with patient age, gender, lymphatic metastasis, tumor recurrence, and stage, with significantly (P<0.05) positive correlations with age, lymphatic metastasis, tumor recurrence, and stage. At 12 h (F=214.57), 24 h (F=76.832), 48 h (F=236.90), and 72 h (F=164.55), the higher the concentration of cyclopamine, the higher the inhibition rate of suppressing EC9706 proliferation, and this effect was significant (P<0.05). The number of early-apoptosis cells increased as the concentration of cyclopamine increased. Morphology of EC9706 cells appeared as round with rough edges, karyopyknosis, and karyorrhexis. After 48 h, apoptosis rates of EC9706 cells treated with different concentrations of cyclopamine were (7.73±1.25)% at 2.5 μM, (13.37±1.42)% at 5.0 μM, (22.3±2.92)% at 10.0 μM, and (33.57±1.75)% at 20.0 μM, and the effect was dose-dependent. Gli-1 was obviously reduced after cyclopamine treatment and the effect was dose-dependent. CONCLUSIONS Gli-1 is highly expressed in human esophageal carcinoma, and could be a marker for use in assessing tumor stage and the deciding on treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ruinuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Suzuan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Guanghua Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
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13
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Girardi D, Barrichello A, Fernandes G, Pereira A. Targeting the Hedgehog Pathway in Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020153. [PMID: 30759860 PMCID: PMC6406365 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog pathway (HhP) plays an important role in normal embryonic development and its abnormal function has been linked to a variety of neoplasms. Recently, the complex mechanisms involved in this pathway have been deciphered and the cross talks with other important pathways involved in carcinogenesis have been characterized. This knowledge has led to the development of targeted therapies against key components of HhP, which culminated in the approval of vismodegib for the treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma in 2012. Since then, other compounds have been developed and evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies with interesting results. Today, several medications against components of the HhP have demonstrated clinical activity as monotherapies and in combination with cytotoxic treatment or other targeted therapies against mitogenic pathways that are linked to the HhP. This review aims to clarify the mechanism of the HhP and the complex crosstalk with others pathways involved in carcinogenesis and to discuss both the evidence associated with the growing number of medications and combined therapies addressing this pathway and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Girardi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Brasilia, 70200-730, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Barrichello
- Division of Medical Oncology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Brasilia, 70200-730, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Fernandes
- Division of Medical Oncology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Brasilia, 70200-730, Brazil.
| | - Allan Pereira
- Division of Medical Oncology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Brasilia, 70200-730, Brazil.
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14
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Tong Q, Wang XL, Li SB, Yang GL, Jin S, Gao ZY, Liu XB. Combined detection of IL-6 and IL-8 is beneficial to the diagnosis of early stage esophageal squamous cell cancer: a preliminary study based on the screening of serum markers using protein chips. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:5777-5787. [PMID: 30254470 PMCID: PMC6140751 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s171242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnosis rate of early stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is low due to the lack of specific tumor markers. Seeking for these markers is beneficial to improve the early diagnosis rate and the prognosis of patients. This study profiles the differentially expressed proteins of early stage ESCC patients via the AAH-BLG-507 protein chip, which further consolidates the clinical evidence of ESCC diagnosis. Materials and methods In this study, 20 serum samples were collected from Taihe Hospital between August 2016 and June 2017. Ten of them carried ESCC, while the rest were healthy controls. To profile the proteins’ expression level, the AAH-BLG-507 protein chip was used, and both highly expressed and lowly expressed proteins were fished out. Meanwhile, their biological roles were examined by using Gene Ontology (GO) database and String database, and they were further verified by ELISA. Results Results showed that the expression levels of AXL, ARTN, Ang2, BDNF, BMP7, cripto-1, CCL28, E-selectin, IL-6, IL-8 and SHH in the serum of early ESCC were significantly upregulated (P<0.05), particularly IL-6 and IL-8. The expression levels of TSP1 and MMP-8 were markedly downregulated (P<0.05). Analysis showed that these proteins were mainly involved in angiogenesis, signal transduction, cell proliferation and migration, indicating the close relationship with the development of ESCC. Conclusion It suggested that IL-6 and IL-8 proteins could be considered as the markers for ESCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiao-Long Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Bao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Gong-Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Shu Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zi-Ye Gao
- Department of Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bo Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, People's Republic of China,
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15
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Zhang C, Kang Y, Ma R, Chen F, Chen F, Dong X. Expression of Numb and Gli1 in malignant pleural mesothelioma and their clinical significance. J Cancer Res Ther 2018; 14:970-976. [PMID: 30197333 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.180614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly lethal and refractory to multimodal treatment tumor. Numb is considered as a tumor suppressor playing critical roles in determining cell fate and has been shown to target the oncogenic transcription factor Gli1 for Itch-dependent ubiquitination, resulting in suppression of the oncogenic sonic hedgehog signaling in medulloblastoma. This study was designed to analysis the role of Numb and Gli1 in MPM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissues of 61 MPM patients and 22 normal pleura as control were investigated. Numb and Gli1 expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The associations with clinical and pathological parameters of the two markers were statistically analyzed, and the correlation between them was also demonstrated. RESULTS The expression levels of Numb with nuclear Gli1 exhibited a significant inverse correlation (r = -0.361 P < 0.05). In addition, Numb has an inverse correlation with ki-67 labeling index (P < 0.05), and nuclear Gli1 was found in associated with the tumor International Mesothelioma Interest Group-stage (P < 0.05). The overall survival was influenced by the expression of Numb (P < 0.05) and histological subtype (P < 0.05), further regression analysis showed that only histological subtype has a prognostic influence on survival (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results provide new evidence of Numb and Gli1 on the clinical characteristics of MPM, which may be helpful in clinical diagnosis and targeted therapy. Further research with larger sample size is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanmeng Kang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ruiping Ma
- Department of Liver Disease, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xueli Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
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16
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Sun J, Wang D, Li X, Yan J, Yuan X, Wang W. Targeting of miR-150 on Gli1 gene to inhibit proliferation and cell cycle of esophageal carcinoma EC9706. Cancer Biomark 2017; 21:203-210. [PMID: 29081413 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1) in Hedgehog signal pathway regulates Cyclin D1 expression, cell cycle or proliferation modulation. Esophageal cancer patients had significantly elevated Gli1 expression, which is related with survival and prognosis. It has been demonstrated that the level of miR-150 was decreased in esophageal cancer patients compared to normal control. As a complementary relationship exists between miR-150 and 3'-UTR of Gli1, this study investigated if miR-150 played a role in regulating Gli1 expression, and proliferation or cell cycle of esophageal cancer cells. PATIENTS AND METHODS Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients from our hospital were recruited to collect tumor and adjacent tissues for miR-150 and Gli1 expression. Esophageal carcinoma cell line EC9706 and normal esophageal epithelial cell line HEEC were compared for expression of miR-150, Gli1 and Cyclin D1. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay examined the targeted relationship between miR-150 and 3'-UTR of Gli1. In vitro cultured EC9706 cells were treated with miR-150 mimic, si-Gli1 or the combination of miR-150 mimic and si-Gli1, respectively, to check their gene expression, cell cycle and proliferation. RESULTS ESCC tissues had significantly higher Gli1 expression and lower miR-150 expression. EC9706 cell also had higher Gli1 expression than that in HEEC, whilst miR-150 was down-regulated. Via targeting 3'-UTR of Gli1 gene, miR-150 inhibited its expression. Transfection of miR-150 mimic, si-Gli1 or the combination of miR-150 mimic and si-Gli1, respectively, remarkably decreased expression of Gli1 and Cyclin D1 expression in EC9706 cells, whose cell cycle arresting at G0/G1 phase was enhanced with weakened proliferation. CONCLUSIONS MiR-150 can induce G0/G1 cell cycle arresting and weaken proliferation of esophageal carcinoma cells via targeted inhibition on Gli1 and downstream expression of Cyclin D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachun Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, Henan, China
| | - Dengkui Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan University of Science and Technology First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Xiangming Li
- Departments of Orthopedics, Henan University of Science and Technology First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Junqiang Yan
- Neurological Diseases Institute, Henan University of Science and Technology First Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Xiaozhi Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, Henan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, Henan, China
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17
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Pharmacological targeting of GLI1 inhibits proliferation, tumor emboli formation and in vivo tumor growth of inflammatory breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2017; 411:136-149. [PMID: 28965853 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway effector GLI1 is linked to tumorigenesis and invasiveness in a number of cancers, with targeting of GLI1 by small molecule antagonists shown to be effective. We profiled a collection of GLI antagonists possessing distinct mechanisms of action for efficacy in phenotypic models of inflammatory and non-inflammatory breast cancer (IBC and non-IBC) that we showed expressed varying levels of Hh pathway mediators. Compounds GANT61, HPI-1, and JK184 decreased cell proliferation, inhibited GLI1 mRNA expression and decreased the number of colonies formed in TN-IBC (SUM149) and TNBC (MDA-MB-231 and SUM159) cell lines. In addition, GANT61 and JK184 significantly down-regulated GLI1 targets that regulate cell cycle (cyclin D and E) and apoptosis (Bcl2). GANT61 reduced SUM149 spheroid growth and emboli formation, and in orthotopic SUM149 tumor models significantly decreased tumor growth. We successfully utilized phenotypic profiling to identify a subset of GLI1 antagonists that were prioritized for testing in in vivo models. Our results indicated that GLI1 activation in TN-IBC as in TNBC, plays a vital role in promoting cell proliferation, motility, tumor growth, and formation of tumor emboli.
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18
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Zhou A, Lin K, Zhang S, Ma L, Xue J, Morris SA, Aldape KD, Huang S. Gli1-induced deubiquitinase USP48 aids glioblastoma tumorigenesis by stabilizing Gli1. EMBO Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623188 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway drives the tumorigenesis of multiple cancers. In this study, we screened a panel of deubiquitinases that may regulate the Hh pathway. We find that deubiquitinase USP48 activates Gli-dependent transcription by stabilizing Gli1 protein. Mechanistically, USP48 interacts with Gli1 and cleaves its ubiquitin off directly. In glioblastoma cells, knockdown of USP48 inhibits cell proliferation and the expression of Gli1's downstream targets, which leads to repressed glioblastoma tumorigenesis. Importantly, USP48's effect on cell proliferation and tumorigenesis depends to some extent on Gli1. In addition, we find that the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway induces USP48 expression through Gli1-mediated transcriptional activation, which forms thus a positive feedback loop to regulate Hh signaling. In human glioblastoma specimens, the expression levels of USP48 and Gli1 proteins are clinically relevant, and high expression of USP48 correlates with glioma malignancy. In summary, our study reveals that the USP48-Gli1 regulatory axis is critical for glioma cell proliferation and glioblastoma tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kangyu Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sicong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Neuro-oncology and Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianfei Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Saint-Aaron Morris
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth D Aldape
- MacFeeters Hamilton Centre for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suyun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA .,Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Najafi M, Abbaszadegan MR, Rad A, Dastpak M, Boroumand-Noughabi S, Forghanifard MM. Crosstalk between SHH and stemness state signaling pathways in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Commun Signal 2016; 11:147-153. [PMID: 27905054 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-016-0366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of GLI1 as a downstream gene of sonic hedgehog (Hh) pathway, studied in a variety of cancers including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the interaction of Hh with other developmental pathways needs to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation of GLI1 expression with transcription factors (TFs) of stem cell signaling pathways, and their association with clinico-pathological data of ESCC. Using real-time PCR, we assessed the expression of GLI1 mRNA in 49 ESCC patients, and analyzed the correlation between GLI1 and selected TFs. The results showed overexpression of GLI1 in ESCC tissues in significant correlation with lymph node metastasis. The GLI1 up-regulation was also correlated to the SOX2 and SIZN1 (Smad-interacting zinc finger protein) expression. These correlations may confirmed the role of GLI1 in crosstalk among different cell signaling pathways in ESCC. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the correlation of GLI1 expression with stemness marker and BMP signaling in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Najafi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Rad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mahtab Dastpak
- Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
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20
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Inaguma S, Riku M, Ito H, Tsunoda T, Ikeda H, Kasai K. GLI1 orchestrates CXCR4/CXCR7 signaling to enhance migration and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33648-57. [PMID: 26413813 PMCID: PMC4741792 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The up-regulation of chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 impacts on the distant metastasis and prognosis of breast cancer, though knowledge about the regulatory mechanism of their expressions is limited. Meanwhile, the GLI transcription factors of Hedgehog signaling have been reported to play a pivotal role in the development and progression of many types of human cancer. In breast cancer, the increased expression of GLI1 correlated with metastasis and unfavorable overall prognosis, though its molecular mechanism is also not fully understood. Based on our findings that GLI1 enhanced the lung metastasis of breast cancer cells in a mouse model system, we comprehensively screened for genes up-regulated by GLI1 in breast cancer cells, and as such identified CXCR4, CXCR7/ACKR3, and actin-binding protein LCP1/L-PLASTIN, all of which have been reported to be involved in CXCL12-stimulating signaling. In breast cancer cells, we found that GLI1 and GLI2 up-regulated these expressions, while treatment with GLI-specific inhibitor GANT61 reduced the expressions. As for CXCR4, we confirmed it as a direct target of GLI1 through the reporter assay and the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. We also found that GLI1 enhanced CXCL12-induced ERK phosphorylation and cell migration, both of which were blocked by either CXCR4-specific inhibitor or knockdown of CXCR7 or LCP1. These evidences suggest an indispensable role of GLI1 in the migration and metastasis of breast cancer cells through CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Miho Riku
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ito
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Takumi Tsunoda
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kenji Kasai
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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Zheng W, Lu S, Cai H, Kang M, Qin W, Li C, Wu Y. Deguelin inhibits proliferation and migration of human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro targeting hedgehog pathway. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2761-2765. [PMID: 27698853 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal malignancy with few effective therapies. Deguelin, a natural compound of the flavonoid family of products, has been reported to have an inhibitory effect on various cancers. In the present study, we investigated whether deguelin had antitumor efficacy in PC. Deguelin treatment was observed to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in two PC cell lines (Bxpc-3 and Panc-1). In addition, it inhibited migration and invasion in these two cell lines. The activation of the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, was suppressed by deguelin. These results suggest that deguelin may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for PC, possibly through the suppression of the Hh signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zheng
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Shiliu Lu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Haolei Cai
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Muxing Kang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Qin
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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22
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Celebi ARC, Kiratli H, Soylemezoglu F. Evaluation of the 'Hedgehog' signaling pathways in squamous and basal cell carcinomas of the eyelids and conjunctiva. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:467-472. [PMID: 27347166 PMCID: PMC4907170 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to assess the role of hedgehog signaling pathway in the carcinogenesis of eyelid skin and conjunctival epithelial malignant tumors. The study was conducted on specimens from 41 patients with cutaneous eyelid basal cell carcinoma, 22 with bulbar conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, 12 with bulbar conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia. Major molecules of Hedgehog signaling pathway (Sonic Hedgehog [Shh] and Patched-1 [Ptch-1] and Glioma-associated oncogene [Gli-1]) were evaluated in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens using immunohistochemical staining. For each specimen, the percentage (<10%, 10–50%, >50%) and the intensity of the immunohistochemical staining (graded from 0 to 3) were calculated and the scores obtained by multiplication of two values were analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis test. Shh and Ptch-1 expression levels were statistically significantly lower in the basal cell carcinoma group compared with the squamous cell carcinoma group (P=0.043 for Shh; P=0.030 for Ptch-1). In the conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma group, the Ptch-1 score was 0 in ~25% of specimens and the Gli-1 score was ≤2 in ~45% of cases. In the conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia group, the Ptch-1 score was ≥2 in 66% of specimens, the Gli-1 score was ≤2 in ~92% of cases. Ptch-1 mutations contribute to the development of cutaneous eyelid basal cell carcinoma. The present study provides evidence that alterations in hedgehog signaling pathways may lead to transformation of the conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia into invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Riza Cenk Celebi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hayyam Kiratli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Soylemezoglu
- Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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Tamoxifen Treatment of Breast Cancer Cells: Impact on Hedgehog/GLI1 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:308. [PMID: 26927093 PMCID: PMC4813171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator tamoxifen (TAM) has become the standard therapy for the treatment of ER+ breast cancer patients. Despite the obvious benefits of TAM, a proportion of patients acquire resistance to treatment, and this is a significant clinical problem. Consequently, the identification of possible mechanisms involved in TAM-resistance should help the development of new therapeutic targets. In this study, we present in vitro data using a panel of different breast cancer cell lines and demonstrate the modulatory effect of TAM on cellular proliferation and expression of Hedgehog signaling components, including the terminal effector of the pathway, the transcription factor GLI1. A variable pattern of expression following TAM administration was observed, reflecting the distinctive properties of the ER+ and ER− cell lines analyzed. Remarkably, the TAM-induced increase in the proliferation of the ER+ ZR-75-1 and BT474 cells parallels a sustained upregulation of GLI1 expression and its translocation to the nucleus. These findings, implicating a TAM-GLI1 signaling cross-talk, could ultimately be exploited not only as a means for novel prognostication markers but also in efforts to effectively target breast cancer subtypes.
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Cheng J, Gao J, Tao K. Prognostic role of Gli1 expression in solid malignancies: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22184. [PMID: 26899488 PMCID: PMC4762019 DOI: 10.1038/srep22184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gli1 is a downstream transcriptional factor of Sonic hedgehog pathway in mammalians, and has been recognized as a proliferative indicator of carcinogenesis. However, its actual role in prognosis among solid malignancies remains unclear. Therefore we performed this meta-analysis aiming to discover the correlation between Gli1 positivity and clinical prognosis in patients suffering from diverse carcinomas. A total of 39 studies containing 4496 cases were selected into our quantitative analysis via electronic database search. Original data of 3-year, 5-year, 10-year overall survival and disease-free survival were extracted and calculated using odds ratio and Mantel-Haenszel model. Subgroup analysis was also conducted to clarify the possible confounding factors. P < 0.05 was considered significant in statistics. Gli1 redundancy was associated with worse 3-year, 5-year, 10-year overall survival and disease-free survival in solid malignancies. Different source regions, sample-size, mean-age and detection approaches had no impact on the negative prognostic effect of Gli1 over-expression. Nevertheless, stratified by cancer type and subcellular localization, cytoplasmic Gli1 expression and Gli1 positivity in intracranial tumors was not correlated to poorer 3-year and 5-year prognosis. The over-expression of Gli1 is a credible indicator of poorer prognosis in most of solid malignancies, irrespective of intracranial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Jinbo Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
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Cancer stem cells in human digestive tract malignancies. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Zhao J, Liu L, Wan Y, Zhang Y, Zhuang Q, Zhong X, Hong Z, Peng J. Inhibition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Total Alkaloids of Rubus alceifolius Poir Involves Suppression of Hedgehog Signaling. Integr Cancer Ther 2015; 14:394-401. [PMID: 25917815 DOI: 10.1177/1534735415583553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of total alkaloids of Rubus alceifolius Poir (TARAP) on the migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and furthermore investigated the possible molecular mechanisms mediating its anticancer activity. METHODS We implanted nude mice with human HCC HepG2 cells and fed them with vehicle (physiological saline) or 3 g/kg/day dose of TARAP 5 days per week for 21 days. We determined the in vitro effect of TARAP on the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells by transwell assay. We evaluated SHH signaling components' (SHH, PTCH, SMO, and Gli1) expression levels by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Activity of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in supernatants was analyzed by zymography. The expression of the MMPs and their specific tissue inhibitor (tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases, TIMP-1, 2) in HCC tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We discovered that TARAP inhibited hepatocellular migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. In addition, TARAP decreased the expression of SHH, PTCH, SMO, and Gli1 in HCC mouse tumors at both transcriptional and translational levels. Moreover, TARAP inhibited the activity of MMP2 and MMP9. We found that TARAP reduced the expression of MMP2 and MMP9, as well as the tissue inhibitor of MMPs. CONCLUSION Our study showed that TARAP inhibits HCC migration and invasion likely through suppression of the hedgehog pathway. This may, in part, explain its anticancer properties. These results suggest that total alkaloids in Rubus alceifolius may have potential as a novel antimetastasis drug in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Zhao
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liya Liu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yun Wan
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qunchuan Zhuang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhong
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhenfeng Hong
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Gu H, Li XU, Zhou C, Wen Y, Shen Y, Zhou L, Li J. Effects and mechanisms of blocking the hedgehog signaling pathway in human gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:1997-2002. [PMID: 26137001 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive activation of the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is important in a variety of human cancer cell types, including gastric cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms of the Hh signaling pathway in inducing gastric tumorigenesis and its downstream target genes are largely unknown. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of cyclopamine on the Hh signaling pathway was investigated in the human gastric cancer AGS cell line. It was identified that cyclopamine treatment inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of the AGS cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and resulted in the downregulation of a number of key Hh signaling pathway-associated factors [glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1] at the RNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the secretion of TGF-β1 was significantly reduced following the administration of cyclopamine to the AGS cells. The results of the present study provided insight into the mechanisms by which the Hh signaling pathway regulates gastric cancer formation and identified the Hh signaling pathway as a potential novel therapeutic target in human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Gu
- Department of Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - X U Li
- Department of Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Congzhi Zhou
- Department of Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yugang Wen
- Department of Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Lisheng Zhou
- Department of Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jikun Li
- Department of Surgery, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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Kebenko M, Drenckhan A, Gros SJ, Jücker M, Grabinski N, Ewald F, Grottke A, Schultze A, Izbicki JR, Bokemeyer C, Wellbrock J, Fiedler W. ErbB2 signaling activates the Hedgehog pathway via PI3K-Akt in human esophageal adenocarcinoma: identification of novel targets for concerted therapy concepts. Cell Signal 2014; 27:373-81. [PMID: 25435423 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Hedgehog pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several tumor types, including esophageal cancer. In our study, we show an expression of the ligand Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and its downstream mediator Gli-1 in primary resected adenocarcinoma tissue by immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR in fifty percent of the cases, while matching healthy esophagus mucosa was negative for both proteins. Moreover, a functionally important regulation of Gli-1 by ErbB2-PI3K-mTORC signaling as well as a Gli-1-dependent regulation of Ihh in the ErbB2 amplified esophageal adenocarcinoma cell line OE19 was observed. Treatment of OE19 cells with the Her2 antibody trastuzumab, the PI3K-mTORC1 inhibitor NVP BEZ235 (BEZ235) or the knockdown of Akt1 resulted in a downregulation of Gli-1 and Ihh as well as in a reduction of viable OE19 cells in vitro. Interestingly, the Hedgehog receptor Smo, which acts upstream of Gli-1, was not expressed in OE19 cells and in the majority of primary human esophageal adenocarcinoma, suggesting a non-canonical upregulation of Gli-1 expression by the ErbB2-PI3K axis. To translate our findings into a therapeutic concept, we targeted ErbB2-PI3K-mTORC1 by trastuzumab and BEZ235, combining both compounds with the Gli-1/2 inhibitor GANT61. The triple combination led to significantly stronger reduction of tumor cell viability than cisplatinum or each biological alone. Therefore, concomitant blockage of the ErbB2-PI3K pathway and the Hedgehog downstream mediator Gli-1 may provide a new therapeutic strategy for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Kebenko
- Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, Department of Oncology-Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation and Pneumology, University Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Drenckhan
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie J Gros
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Grabinski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Ewald
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Grottke
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schultze
- Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, Department of Oncology-Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation and Pneumology, University Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, Department of Oncology-Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation and Pneumology, University Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Wellbrock
- Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, Department of Oncology-Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation and Pneumology, University Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Walter Fiedler
- Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, Department of Oncology-Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation and Pneumology, University Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany.
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Bakry OA, Samaka RM, Shoeib MAM, Megahed DM. Immunolocalization of glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 in non melanoma skin cancer. Ultrastruct Pathol 2014; 39:135-46. [PMID: 25350271 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2014.970723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioma-associated oncogene homolog (GLI)1 is involved in controlling cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The aim of this work was to explore its possible role in non-melanoma skin cancer pathogenesis through its immunohistochemical (IHC) expression in skin biopsies of these diseases and correlating this expression with the clinico-pathological parameters of the studied cases. Seventy-six cutaneous specimens were studied; 30 cases with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 30 cases with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 16 normal skin samples, from age- and gender-matched subjects, as a control group. GLI1 was expressed in all BCC cases and in 60% of SCC cases. All SCC cases showed cytoplasmic, while 70% of BCC cases showed nucleocytoplasmic immunoreactivity. It was over expressed in BCC and SCC compared to normal skin (p = 0.01 and 0.0006, respectively). Higher Histo (H) score in BCC cases was significantly associated with female gender (p = 0.04), multiple lesions, desmoplastic stromal reaction and stromal angiogenesis (p < 0.001 for all). Higher H score in SCC cases was significantly associated with scalp location, nodular type, recurrent lesions, high tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.004 for all), inflammatory stromal reaction (p = 0.01), lymph node involvement and absence of calcification (p = 0.001 for both). In conclusion, GLI1 may play a role in BCC pathogenesis through its role in cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Its upregulation and cytoplasmic localization in SCC may suggest that its role in tumor pathogenesis is through mechanisms other than Hedgehog pathway activation. Further studies are needed to clarify the exact molecular basis of its oncogenic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Ahmed Bakry
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University , Shibeen El Kom , Egypt and
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Tripathi K, Mani C, Barnett R, Nalluri S, Bachaboina L, Rocconi RP, Athar M, Owen LB, Palle K. Gli1 protein regulates the S-phase checkpoint in tumor cells via Bid protein, and its inhibition sensitizes to DNA topoisomerase 1 inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31513-25. [PMID: 25253693 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.606483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of hedgehog molecules, particularly Gli1, is common in cancers of many tissues and is responsible for their aggressive behavior and chemoresistance. Here we demonstrate a novel and tumor-specific role for aberrant Gli1 in the regulation of the S-phase checkpoint that suppresses replication stress and resistance to chemotherapy. Inhibition of Gli1 in tumor cells induced replication stress-mediated DNA damage response, attenuated their clonogenic potential, abrogated camptothecin (CPT)-induced Chk1 phosphorylation, and potentiated its cytotoxicity. However, in normal fibroblasts, Gli1 siRNAs showed no significant changes in CPT-induced Chk1 phosphorylation. Further analysis of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR)/Chk1 signaling cascade genes in tumor cells revealed an unexpected mechanism whereby Gli1 regulates ATR-mediated Chk1 phosphorylation by transcriptional regulation of the BH3-only protein Bid. Consistent with its role in DNA damage response, Bid down-regulation in tumor cells abolished CPT-induced Chk1 phosphorylation and sensitized them to CPT. Correspondingly, Gli1 inhibition affected the expression of Bid and the association of replication protein A (RPA) with the ATR- interacting protein (ATRIP)-ATR complex, and this compromised the S-phase checkpoint. Conversely, complementation of Bid in Gli1-deficient cells restored CPT-induced Chk1 phosphorylation. An in silico analysis of the Bid promoter identified a putative Gli1 binding site, and further studies using luciferase reporter assays confirmed Gli1-dependent promoter activity. Collectively, our studies established a novel connection between aberrant Gli1 and Bid in the survival of tumor cells and their response to chemotherapy, at least in part, by regulating the S-phase checkpoint. Importantly, our data suggest a novel drug combination of Gli1 and Top1 inhibitors as an effective therapeutic strategy in treating tumors that expresses Gli1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushlendra Tripathi
- From the Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604 and
| | - Chinnadurai Mani
- From the Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604 and
| | - Reagan Barnett
- From the Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604 and
| | - Sriram Nalluri
- From the Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604 and
| | - Lavanya Bachaboina
- From the Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604 and
| | - Rodney P Rocconi
- From the Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604 and
| | - Mohammed Athar
- the Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Laurie B Owen
- From the Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604 and
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- From the Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604 and
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Hwang J, Kang MH, Yoo YA, Quan YH, Kim HK, Oh SC, Choi YH. The effects of sonic hedgehog signaling pathway components on non-small-cell lung cancer progression and clinical outcome. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:268. [PMID: 25141859 PMCID: PMC4155123 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Researchers in recent studies have reported that the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway plays a crucial role during tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and cellular differentiation. We investigated the clinical and pathological significances of the Shh pathway and of its lymphangiogenic components in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), namely, Shh, glioma-associated oncogene homolog zinc finger protein 1 (Gli1), lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D). Methods The expression of Shh, Gli1, LYVE-1 and VEGF-D in primary NSCLC tissue from 40 patients was examined using immunohistochemical assays, and relationships between expression and clinicopathological data, such as age, gender, histology, tumor size, nodal stage, visceral pleural invasion, lymphatic thromboembolism, recurrence and overall survival were investigated. Results Of the 40 specimens examined, 25 (62.5%), 20 (50.0%), 11 (27.5%) and 20 (50.0%) were positive for Shh, Gli1, LYVE-1 or VEGF-D expression, respectively. The expression of Gli1 and LYVE-1 were significantly associated (P = 0.011), and Shh and LYVE-1 expression was related to visceral pleural invasion and lymphatic thromboembolism, respectively (P < 0.05). Shh expression levels compared on survival curves were statistically significant in univariate logrank analysis (P = 0.020). However, other clinicopathological factors did not reveal any statistical significance in univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusions To our knowledge, this the first report of the relationship between components of the Shh signaling pathway and prognosis in NSCLC. The expression of Shh, Gli1 and LYVE-1 was found to be associated with clinicopathological factors and survival. Thus, the overexpression of the Shh signaling pathway could serve as a predictor of malignant behavior, including lymphangiogenesis, in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hyun Koo Kim
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Departments of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 97 Guro-dong kil, Guro-ku, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea.
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Ishikawa M, Sonobe M, Imamura N, Sowa T, Shikuma K, Date H. Expression of the GLI family genes is associated with tumor progression in advanced lung adenocarcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:253. [PMID: 25103784 PMCID: PMC4249769 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in various cancers. Expression of the GLI family of genes, which encode for transcriptional factors of the Hh pathway, has not been fully assessed in clinical samples of advanced lung adenocarcinoma. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the expression of the GLI family of genes in advanced stage lung adenocarcinoma samples and determined their relation to patient survival. METHODS The levels of GLI1, GLI2, and GLI3 mRNA expression were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in surgically obtained tissue samples from stage II-IV lung adenocarcinoma patients (n = 102). Pairwise comparisons between all three GLI mRNA expression were performed, and after dichotomizing the patients into low and high expression groups according to each GLI mRNA expression level, survival curves were calculated and multivariate analyses were conducted. RESULTS Significant positive correlation was found between GLI1 and GLI3 mRNA expression (P <0.001). Tumors with higher expression (upper 15%) of GLI1 or GLI3 mRNA were associated with poor survival in stage II-IV (5-year overall survival rates: GLI1 mRNA low, 41.7% vs. high, 20.0%, P = 0.0074; GLI3 mRNA low, 43.1% vs. high, 13.3%, P = 0.0062) and stage III-IV (5-year overall survival rates: GLI1 mRNA low, 34.0% vs. high, 0%, P = 0.0012; GLI3 mRNA low, 33.4% vs. high, 7.7%, P = 0.057) lung adenocarcinoma patients. GLI2 mRNA expression did not appear to have great clinical significance. Multivariate analysis revealed higher GLI1 mRNA expression as an independent factor for unfavorable patient survival (P = 0.0030, hazard ratio = 3.1, 95% confidence interval = 1.5-6.2), as well as tumor differentiation and stage. CONCLUSIONS Expression of GLI1 and GLI3 mRNA was strongly correlated, and their overexpression, especially that of GLI1, was found to be predictive of aggressive tumor behavior. This study indicates that the Hh pathway may be a key oncogenic signaling network in tumor pathogenesis and, thus, a potential therapeutic target in advanced lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ishikawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Aberrant hedgehog signaling and clinical outcome in osteosarcoma. Sarcoma 2014; 2014:261804. [PMID: 24799831 PMCID: PMC3985328 DOI: 10.1155/2014/261804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of Hedgehog signaling in bone development, the relationship between Hedgehog pathway expression and osteosarcoma clinical characteristics and outcome has not been investigated. In this study of 43 high-grade human osteosarcoma samples, we detected high expression levels of the Hedgehog ligand gene, IHH, and target genes, PTCH1 and GLI1, in most samples. Further analysis in tumors of patients with localized disease at diagnosis identified coexpression of IHH and PTCH1 exclusively in large tumors. Higher levels of IHH were observed more frequently in males and patients with higher levels of GLI1 were more responsive to chemotherapy. Subgroup analysis by tumor size and IHH expression indicated that the well-known association between survival and tumor size was further refined when IHH levels were taken into consideration.
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Bai R, Zhao H, Zhang X, DU S. Characterization of sonic hedgehog inhibition in gastric carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1381-1384. [PMID: 24765141 PMCID: PMC3997708 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway plays an important role in gastric cancer. The exact mechanisms defining how the Shh pathway promotes tumorigenesis or regulates its downstream targets remains elusive. In the present study, the effects of inhibiting the Shh signaling pathway in gastric cancer AGS cells was examined. It was identified that the Shh antagonist, cyclopamine, inhibited cancer proliferation, migration and invasion in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, it was revealed that several key targets that are activated by the Shh signaling pathway, Gli1 and CXCR4, were downregulated at an RNA and protein level by cyclopamine. The results from the present study may be of benefit in facilitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat gastric cancer in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxue Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Hongchuan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shiyu DU
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Xie F, Xu X, Xu A, Liu C, Liang F, Xue M, Bai L. Aberrant activation of Sonic hedgehog signaling in chronic cholecystitis and gallbladder carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:513-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chen Q, Xu R, Zeng C, Lu Q, Huang D, Shi C, Zhang W, Deng L, Yan R, Rao H, Gao G, Luo S. Down-regulation of Gli transcription factor leads to the inhibition of migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells via integrin β4-mediated FAK signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88386. [PMID: 24533083 PMCID: PMC3922814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence suggests that aberrant activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling by Gli transcription factors is characteristic of a variety of aggressive human carcinomas including ovarian cancer. Therefore, chemotherapeutic agents that inhibit activation of Gli transcription factors have emerged as promising novel therapeutic drugs for ovarian cancer. Results In this study, we show that activation of Hh signaling promoted cellular migration and invasion, whereas blockade of Hh signaling with GANT61 suppressed cellular migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells. After treatment with GANT61, cDNA microarray analyses revealed changes in many genes such as Integrin β4 subunit (ITGB4), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), etc. Furthermore, ITGB4 expression was up-regulated by Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) ligand and down-regulated by Hh signaling inhibitor. The Shh-mediated ovarian cell migration and invasion was blocked by neutralizing antibodies to ITGB4. In addition, phosphorylations of FAK were increased by Shh and decreased by Hh signaling inhibitor. Inhibition of Gli1 expression using siRNA mimicked the effects of GANT61 treatment, supporting the specificity of GANT61. Further investigations showed that activation of FAK was required for Shh-mediated cell migration and invasion. Finally, we found that down-regulation of Gli reduced the expression of ITGB4 and the phosphorylated FAK, resulting in the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions The Hh signaling pathway induces cell migration and invasion through ITGB4-mediated activation of FAK in ovarian cancer. Our findings suggest that the diminishment of crosstalk between phosphorylated FAK and ITGB4 due to the down-regulation of Gli family transcription factors might play a pivotal role for inhibiting ovarian cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunyan Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Quqin Lu
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dengliang Huang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weilong Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Libin Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Runwei Yan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hai Rao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Guolan Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Beijing Aeronautics, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (GG)
| | - Shiwen Luo
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (GG)
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Jeng KS, Sheen IS, Jeng WJ, Yu MC, Hsiau HI, Chang FY. High expression of Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway genes indicates a risk of recurrence of breast carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 7:79-86. [PMID: 24403838 PMCID: PMC3883580 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s54702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal activation of the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway contributing to carcinogenesis of some organs has been reported in the literature. We hypothesize that activation of the SHH pathway contributes to the recurrence of breast carcinoma. METHODS Fifty consecutive patients with invasive breast carcinoma following curative resection were enrolled in this prospective study. The ratios of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression for Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), patched homolog-1 (PTCH-1), glioma-associated oncogene-1 (GLI-1), and smoothened (SMOH) were measured between breast carcinoma tissue and paired noncancerous breast tissue. These ratios were compared with their clinicopathologic characteristics. These factors and the mRNA ratios were compared between patients with recurrence and those without recurrence. RESULTS The size of the invasive cancer correlated significantly with the ratio of SHH mRNA (P=0.001), that of PTCH-1 mRNA (P=0.005), and that of SMOH mRNA (P=0.021). Lymph node involvement correlated significantly with the ratio of SMOH mRNA (P=0.041). The correlation between Her-2 neu and the ratio of GLI-1 mRNA was statistically significant (P=0.012). Each ratio of mRNA of SHH, PTCH-1, GLI-1, and SMOH correlated significantly with cancer recurrence (P<0.001 for each). CONCLUSION We suggest that high expression of SHH mRNA, PTCH-1 mRNA, GLI-1 mRNA, and SMOH mRNA in breast cancer tissue correlates with invasiveness and is a potential biomarker to predict postoperative recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Shyang Jeng
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Shyan Sheen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang-Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Juei Jeng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang-Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Yu
- Department of Medical Research, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Hsiau
- Department of Medical Research, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Identification and validation of a multigene predictor of recurrence in primary laryngeal cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70429. [PMID: 23950933 PMCID: PMC3739775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Local recurrence is the major manifestation of treatment failure in patients with operable laryngeal carcinoma. Established clinicopathological factors cannot sufficiently predict patients that are likely to recur after treatment. Additional tools are therefore required to accurately identify patients at high risk for recurrence. This study attempts to identify and independently validate gene expression models, prognostic of disease-free survival (DFS) in operable laryngeal cancer. Materials and Methods Using Affymetrix U133A Genechips, we profiled fresh-frozen tumor tissues from 66 patients with laryngeal cancer treated locally with surgery. We applied Cox regression proportional hazards modeling to identify multigene predictors of recurrence. Gene models were then validated in two independent cohorts of 54 and 187 patients (fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed tissue validation sets, respectively). Results We focused on genes univariately associated with DFS (p<0.01) in the training set. Among several models comprising different numbers of genes, a 30-probe set model demonstrated optimal performance in both the training (log-rank, p<0.001) and 1st validation (p = 0.010) sets. Specifically, in the 1st validation set, median DFS as predicted by the 30-probe set model, was 34 and 80 months for high- and low-risk patients, respectively. Hazard ratio (HR) for recurrence in the high-risk group was 3.87 (95% CI 1.28–11.73, Wald's p = 0.017). Testing the expression of selected genes from the above model in the 2nd validation set, with qPCR, revealed significant associations of single markers, such as ACE2, FLOT1 and PRKD1, with patient DFS. High PRKD1 remained an unfavorable prognostic marker upon multivariate analysis (HR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.28–3.14, p = 0.002) along with positive nodal status. Conclusions We have established and validated gene models that can successfully stratify patients with laryngeal cancer, based on their risk for recurrence. It seems worthy to prospectively validate PRKD1 expression as a laryngeal cancer prognostic marker, for routine clinical applications.
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Hu F, Tao Z, Wang M, Li G, Zhang Y, Zhong H, Xiao H, Xie X, Ju M. RACK1 promoted the growth and migration of the cancer cells in the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:3893-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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LKB1 inhibits breast cancer partially through repressing the Hedgehog signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67431. [PMID: 23861764 PMCID: PMC3701543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been implicated in the development of many human malignancies. Hh targets, such as Patched (PTCH), smoothened (SMO), Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and glioma-associated oncogene homologue 1 (GLI1), are markers of Hh signaling activation and expressed in most Hh-associated tumors. The protein kinase LKB1 has been shown to slow proliferation and induce cell-cycle arrest in many cell lines. In this study, we observed that activated LKB1 decreased the expression of factors related to Hh reporter activity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, including of SMO, SHH and GLI1. In contrast, LKB1 siRNA increased the expression of these target genes. The same results were shown to inhibit the Hh factors Sufu and Hip. Furthermore, we also observed negative correlation between LKB1 and glioma-associated oncogene homologue 1 (GLI1) in three breast cancer cell lines. Meanwhile, LKB1 siRNA rescued the inhibition of cell growth by 3-Keto-N-(aminoethyl-N'-aminocaproyldihydrocinnamoyl) cyclopamine (KAAD-cyclopamine), an antagonist of the Hh element SMO, which suggests that LKB1 acts as the downstream of SMO. In vivo, LKB1 siRNA increased tumor growth in the mammary fat pad, and the expression levels of Hh displayed similar results in vitro. Overexpression of the LKB1 protein in human breast cancers is associated with the expression of Hh. We found that breast carcinomas with detectable Hh had weak or undetectable expression of LKB1, whereas tumors that expressed high levels of LKB1 had undetectable Hh signaling. In this study, we find that LKB1 are negatively correlated with the expression of Hh related transcription factors. These findings suggest that LKB1 may inhibit tumorigenesis by regulating Hh signaling in certain cancers.
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Sun HB, Zhang H, Ding YZ, Zhang H, Chen KS. SiRNA-mediated Smoothened gene silencing induces tumor cell apoptosis in a nude mouse model bearing human esophageal carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:1579-1588. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i17.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of the Smoothened (Smo) gene on tumor cell apoptosis in a nude mouse model bearing human esophageal carcinoma.
METHODS: An Smo siRNA or a non-relevant siRNA was used to transfect human esophageal carcinoma EC9706 cells. Non-transfected cells were used as a blank control. The transfected cells were injected into the parascapular region of nude mice. After 4 wk, tumor tissue samples were taken to detect the expression of Smo and Gli1 proteins and mRNAs by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, Western blot, semi quantitative RT-PCR, and to determine cell apoptosis by TUNEL assay and transmission electron microscopy.
RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization analyses showed that the expression levels of Smo protein (8.37 ± 1.73 vs 8.42 ± 1.49, 8.37 ± 1.73) and mRNA (2.32 ± 0.63 vs 9.61 ± 0.85, 9.82 ± 0.63) and Gli1 protein (3.53 ± 0.37 vs 0.89 ± 0.06, 0.91 ± 0.05) and mRNA (3.35 ± 0.87 vs 8.41 ± 1.64, 8.53 ± 1.38) were significantly lower in the Smo siRNA group than in the non-relevant group and blank control group (all P < 0.05). Western blot and RT-PCR results also revealed that the expression levels of Smo protein (0.33 ± 0.06 vs 9.61 ± 0.85, 0.91± 0.05) and mRNA (0.35 ± 0.07 vs 0.89 ± 0.06, 0.96 ± 0.07) and Gli1 protein (0.29 ± 0.05 vs 0.87 ± 0.08, 0.84 ± 0.06) and mRNA (0.29 ± 0.05 vs 0.89 ± 0.07, 0.87 ± 0.06) were significantly lower in the Smo siRNA group than in the non-relevant group and blank control group (all P < 0.05). TUNEL results showed that the apoptosis rate increased significantly in the Smo siRNA group compared with two control groups (both P < 0.05). Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed cytoplasmic pyknosis, increased electron density, chromatin condensation and condensation, nuclear fragmentation, and presence of apoptotic bodies in the Smo siRNA group. Two control groups had no such histopathological changes. The number of apoptotic cells increased significantly in the Smo siRNA group compared to control groups.
CONCLUSION: SiRNA-mediated Smo gene silencing induces tumor cell apoptosis in a nude mouse model bearing human esophageal carcinoma.
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Ding YL, Wang QS, Zhao WM, Xiang L. Expression of smoothened protein in colon cancer and its prognostic value for postoperative liver metastasis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:4001-5. [PMID: 23098507 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.8.4001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUDS: The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is composed of patched (PTCH) and smoothened (SMO), two transmembrane proteins, and downstream glioma-associated oncogene homolog (Gli) transcription factors. Hh signaling plays a pathological role in the occurrence and development of various cancers. METHODS To investigate the expression of SMO protein in colon cancer and its association with clinicopathological parameters and postoperative liver metastasis, immunohistochemistry was performed with paraffin-embedded specimens of 96 cases. Relationships between SMO protein expression and clinicopathological parameters, postoperative liver metastasis were analyzed. RESULTS IHC examination showed that SMO protein expression was significantly increased in colon cancer tissues compared to normal colon tissues (P = 0.042), positively related to lymph node metastases (P = 0.018) and higher T stages (P = 0.026). Postoperative live metastasis-free survival was significantly longer in the low SMO expression group than in those with high SMO expression (48.7 ± 8.02 months vs 28.0 ± 6.86 months, P=0.036). Multivariate analysis showed SMO expression level to be an independent prognostic factor for postoperative live metastasis-free survival (95% confidence interval [CI] =1.46-2.82, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that in patients with colon cancer, the SMO expression level is an independent biomarker for postoperative liver metastasis, and SMO might play an important role in colon cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Lu Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Zhang D, Cao L, Li Y, Lu H, Yang X, Xue P. Expression of glioma-associated oncogene 2 (Gli 2) is correlated with poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing hepatectomy. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11:25. [PMID: 23356443 PMCID: PMC3565946 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-11-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous studies showed that glioma-associated oncogene (Gli)2 plays an important role in the proliferation and apoptosis resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical significance of Gli2 expression in HCC. Methods Expression of Gli2 protein was detected in samples from 68 paired HCC samples, the corresponding paraneoplastic liver tissues, and 20 normal liver tissues using immunohistochemistry. Correlation of the immunohistochemistry results with clinicopathologic parameters, prognosis, and the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin were analyzed. Results Immunohistochemical staining showed high levels of Gli2 protein expression in HCC, compared with paraneoplastic and normal liver tissues (P < 0.05). This high expression level of Gli2 was significantly associated with tumor differentiation, encapsulation, vascular invasion, early recurrence, and intra-hepatic metastasis (P < 0.05). There was a significantly negative correlation between Gli2 and E-cadherin expression (r = −0.302, P < 0.05) and a significantly positive correlation between expression of Gli2 and expression of vimentin (r = −0.468, P < 0.05) and N-cadherin (r = −0.505, P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with overexpressed Gli2 had significantly shorter overall survival and disease-free survival times (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis suggested that the level of Gli2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for HCC. Conclusions Expression of Gli2 is high in HCC tissue, and is associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC after hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, No, 250, East Changgang Road, Guangzhou 510260, China
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Kim JY, Ko GH, Lee YJ, Ha WS, Choi SK, Jung EJ, Jeong CY, Ju YT, Jeong SH, Hong SC. Prognostic Value of Sonic Hedgehog Protein Expression in Gastric Cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2012; 42:1054-1059. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hys137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Chen JS, Huang XH, Wang Q, Huang JQ, Zhang LJ, Chen XL, Lei J, Cheng ZX. Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway induces cell migration and invasion through focal adhesion kinase/AKT signaling-mediated activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in liver cancer. Carcinogenesis 2012; 34:10-9. [PMID: 22948179 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant activation of sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway contributes to initiation and progression of various malignancies. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of SHH signaling pathway in invasion and metastasis of liver cancer have not been well understood. In this study, we found that SHH signaling was activated and correlated with invasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Enhanced SHH signaling by recombinant human SHH N-terminal peptide (rSHH-N) promoted hepatoma cell adhesion, migration and invasion, whereas blockade of SHH signaling with SHH neutralizing antibody or cyclopamine suppressed hepatoma cell adhesion, migration and invasion. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expressions and activities were upregulated and downregulated by rSHH-N and SHH signaling inhibitor, respectively. The rSHH-N-mediated hepatoma cell migration and invasion was blocked by MMP-specific inhibitors or neutralizing antibodies to MMP-2 and MMP-9. In addition, phosphorylations of AKT and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were increased and decreased by rSHH-N and SHH signaling inhibitor, respectively. Further investigations showed that activation of AKT and FAK were required for rSHH-N-mediated upregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9, cell migration and invasion. Finally, we found that SHH protein expression was positively correlated with phosphorylatd FAK Tyr397, phosphorylatd AKT Ser473, MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expressions in HCC samples. Taken together, our findings suggest that SHH pathway induces cell migration and invasion through FAK/AKT signaling-mediated MMP-2 and MMP-9 production and activation in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Song Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
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Jeng KS, Sheen IS, Jeng WJ, Lin CC, Lin CK, Su JC, Yu MC, Fang HY. High expression of patched homolog-1 messenger RNA and glioma-associated oncogene-1 messenger RNA of sonic hedgehog signaling pathway indicates a risk of postresection recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; 20:464-73. [PMID: 22911366 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-012-2593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high recurrence rate after resection. Abnormal activation of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway contributing to the carcinogenesis of some organs had been reported. We hypothesize that activation of SHH pathway contributes to the recurrence of HCC after surgical resection. METHODS In a prospective study, from January 2006 to June 2010, a total of 50 consecutive patients with HCC after curative resection were enrolled. The ratio of the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) of SHH, patched homolog-1 (PTCH-1) and glioma-associated oncogene-1 (GLI-1) between HCC tissues and the paired noncancerous liver tissues were measured. Both the clinicopathologic characteristics and these ratios were compared between those with recurrence and those without recurrence. They were also compared between those with and without survival. RESULTS There was a statistically significant correlation among the ratios of PTCH-1 mRNA and serum AFP level (p = 0.045), tumor size (p = 0.001), vascular permeation (p = 0.043) and tumor, node, metastasis staging system (TNM) stage (p = 0.003). A borderline significant correlation was found among ratios of GLI-1 mRNA and tumor size (p = 0.062) and TNM stage (p = 0.051). There was no such significant correlation between SHH mRNA and any parameter. Both the ratios of PTCH-1 mRNA and GLI-1 mRNA significantly adversely affected recurrence (p = 0.003 and 0.005, respectively) and survival (p < 0.001 and <0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Expression of PTCH-1 mRNA and GLI-1 mRNA in HCC tissues is a potential biomarker to predict postresection disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Shyang Jeng
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang YF, Chang CJ, Lin CP, Chang SY, Chu PY, Tai SK, Li WY, Chao KSC, Chen YJ. Expression of hedgehog signaling molecules as a prognostic indicator of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2012; 34:1556-61. [PMID: 22287313 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have indicated hedgehog pathway plays a role in carcinogenesis of certain cancers. We investigated the clinical significance of its signaling components, including Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Patched (Ptch), and Gli-1, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS By immunohistochemistry, we determined Shh, Ptch, and Gli-1 expression in surgical specimens from 40 patients with OSCC. The relationship between expression of these molecules and clinicopathologic variables were assessed by chi-square analysis. Statistical difference of survival was compared using log-rank test. RESULTS Ptch overexpression was associated with lymphatic metastasis (p = .028). Nuclear Gli-1 overexpression correlated with primary tumor size (p = .001), lymphatic metastasis (p = .011), and tumor recurrence (p = .008). Overexpression of Ptch (p = .020) or Gli-1 (p = .002) in OSCC indicated poor prognosis in the univariate survival analysis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway plays an important role in OSCC progression and should be considered a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fen Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yang L, Su X, Xie J. Activation of Hedgehog pathway in gastrointestinal cancers. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2012; 88:461-72. [PMID: 22391316 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394622-5.00020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a major regulator for cell differentiation, tissue polarity, and cell proliferation in embryonic development and homeostasis in adult tissue. Studies from many laboratories reveal activation of this pathway in a variety of human cancer, including basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), medulloblastomas, leukemia, gastrointestinal, lung, ovarian, breast, and prostate cancers. It is thus believed that targeted inhibition of Hh signaling may be effective in treatment and prevention of human cancer. Even more exciting is the discovery and synthesis of specific signaling antagonists for the Hh pathway, which have significant clinical implications in novel cancer therapeutics. In this review, we summarize major advances in the past 2 years in our understanding of Hh signaling activation in human gastrointestinal cancer and their potential in clinical treatment with Hh pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Clinical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Ding YL, Zhou Y, Xiang L, Ji ZP, Luo ZH. Expression of glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 is associated with invasion and postoperative liver metastasis in colon cancer. Int J Med Sci 2012; 9:334-8. [PMID: 22745574 PMCID: PMC3384915 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.4553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1(Gli-1) in colon cancer and its association with clinicopathological parameters and postoperative liver metastasis. METHODS Expression of Gli-1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded specimens of 96 cases of colon cancer. Relationship between Gli-1 expression and clinicopathological parameters, postoperative liver metastasis were analyzed. RESULTS Gli-1 protein expression was significantly increased in colon cancer tissues compared to normal colon tissues (P=0.037). Gli-1 expression in colon tissues was increased in patients with lymph node metastases (P=0.022) and higher T stages (P=0.030). Postoperative live metastasis-free survival period was significantly longer in low Gli-1 expression group than that of high Gli-1 expression group (48.22±10.03 months vs 20.46±6.32 months, P=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that Gli-1 expression level is an independent prognostic factor for postoperative live metastasis-free survival. CONCLUSION Colon cancer is associated with an upregulation of Gli-1 protein expression in colon tissues. In patients with colon cancer, Gli-1 expression level is closely related to lymph node metastases, T stages and postoperative live metastasis-free survival periods, indicative of a possible role of Gli-1 expression in colon cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-lu Ding
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, PR China
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Abstract
An increasing progress on the role of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling for carcinogenesis has been achieved since the link of Hh pathway to human cancer was firstly established. In particular, the critical role of Hh signaling in the development of Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has been convincingly demonstrated by genetic mutation analyses, mouse models of BCCs, and successful clinical trials of BCCs using Hh signaling inhibitors. In addition, the Hh pathway activity is also reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), melanoma and Merkel Cell Carcinoma. These findings have significant new paradigm on Hh signaling transduction, its mechanisms in skin cancer and even therapeutic approaches for BCC. In this review, we will summarize the major advances in the understanding of Hh signaling transduction, the roles of Hh signaling in skin cancer development, and the current implications of "mechanism-based" therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Sumin Chi
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Jingwu Xie
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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