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Recombinant Human Brain Natriuretic Peptide Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting CD4 + T Cell Proliferation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Activation. Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:1389312. [PMID: 32788926 PMCID: PMC7330653 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1389312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a major role in the development of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP), a man-made version of a peptide that is elevated in heart failure, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in various tissues. However, its role in myocardial IR injury remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment with rhBNP provided protection for mice against myocardial IR injury as manifested by reduced infarct size and well-preserved myocardial, attenuated inflammatory infiltration and CD4+ T cell proliferation function, and inhibited expression of proinflammatory related genes. Furthermore, mechanistic studies revealed that rhBNP inhibited Jurkat T proliferation by promoting PI3K/AKT/mTOR phosphorylation. Collectively, our data suggest that the administration of rhBNP during IR injury could expand our understanding of the cardioprotective effects of rhBNP.
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Yuan SM, Chen JZ, Yu YH, Lin LQ, Fang XK, Lin J. Acute tamponade due to postinfarction myocardial rupture successfully managed with urgent pericardiotomy. COR ET VASA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvasa.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Park KC, Gaze DC, Collinson PO, Marber MS. Cardiac troponins: from myocardial infarction to chronic disease. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:1708-1718. [PMID: 29016754 PMCID: PMC5852618 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the physiologically distinct subunits of troponin in 1973 greatly facilitated our understanding of cardiac contraction. Although troponins are expressed in both skeletal and cardiac muscle, there are isoforms of troponin I/T expressed selectively in the heart. By exploiting cardiac-restricted epitopes within these proteins, one of the most successful diagnostic tests to date has been developed: cardiac troponin (cTn) assays. For the past decade, cTn has been regarded as the gold-standard marker for acute myocardial necrosis: the pathological hallmark of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Whilst cTn is the cornerstone for ruling-out AMI in patients presenting with a suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS), elevated cTn is frequently observed in those without clinical signs indicative of AMI, often reflecting myocardial injury of 'unknown origin'. cTn is commonly elevated in acute non-ACS conditions, as well as in chronic diseases. It is unclear why these elevations occur; yet they cannot be ignored as cTn levels in chronically unwell patients are directly correlated to prognosis. Paradoxically, improvements in assay sensitivity have meant more differential diagnoses have to be considered due to decreased specificity, since cTn is now more easily detected in these non-ACS conditions. It is important to be aware cTn is highly specific for myocardial injury, which could be attributable to a myriad of underlying causes, emphasizing the notion that cTn is an organ-specific, not disease-specific biomarker. Furthermore, the ability to detect increased cTn using high-sensitivity assays following extreme exercise is disconcerting. It has been suggested troponin release can occur without cardiomyocyte necrosis, contradicting conventional dogma, emphasizing a need to understand the mechanisms of such release. This review discusses basic troponin biology, the physiology behind its detection in serum, its use in the diagnosis of AMI, and some key concepts and experimental evidence as to why cTn can be elevated in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Chan Park
- 1 BHF Centre of Research Excellence, The Rayne Institute, Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London, London, UK
- 2 Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David C Gaze
- 3 Clinical Blood Sciences and Cardiology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Trust and St George’s University of London, London, UK
- 4 Department of Biomedical Science, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Paul O Collinson
- 3 Clinical Blood Sciences and Cardiology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Trust and St George’s University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael S Marber
- 1 BHF Centre of Research Excellence, The Rayne Institute, Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London, London, UK
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Sabatasso S, Moretti M, Mangin P, Fracasso T. Early markers of myocardial ischemia: from the experimental model to forensic pathology cases of sudden cardiac death. Int J Legal Med 2017; 132:197-203. [PMID: 28497398 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-017-1605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess whether early markers of myocardial ischemia, identified in a previous experimental work, can be applied in forensic pathology cases of sudden, ischemic cardiac death. These markers include desphosphorylated connexin 43 (Cx43), JunB, TUNEL assay, myoglobin, and troponin T. Fourteen cases of sudden cardiac death with gross and/or histological signs of myocardial infarction and 14 cases of sudden cardiac death with signs of early ischemia at histology and positive immunoreactions for fibronectin and C5b-9 were investigated. The control group was represented by 15 hanging (global hypoxia) cases. Immunohistochemical reactions were classified into four degrees and compared among groups. Cx43 and JunB were significantly more expressed in hanging than in ischemia/infarction, but they showed a different distribution in the tissue (sub-endocardial in ischemia/infarction, diffuse in hanging) and a different intensity of the signal. TUNEL assay was significantly more expressed in the group of early ischemia than in myocardial infarction. Myoglobin and troponin T did not show any significantly different expression among the three groups. Depletion markers have a limited application in forensic cases, and this is mostly because positive (depleted) areas are difficult to distinguish from artifactually paler areas. Nuclear markers (JunB and TUNEL), on the other hand, require a well-trained eye and a high magnification in order to be distinguished. Cx43, JunB, and TUNEL assays were confirmed to be early, sensitive markers for myocardial ischemia. Nonetheless, they are not specific, as they are expressed in global hypoxia as well, but with a different tissular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sabatasso
- University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Milena Moretti
- University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 11, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Mangin
- University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tony Fracasso
- University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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5
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Early markers for myocardial ischemia and sudden cardiac death. Int J Legal Med 2016; 130:1265-80. [PMID: 27392959 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-016-1401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The post-mortem diagnosis of acute myocardial ischemia remains a challenge for both clinical and forensic pathologists. We performed an experimental study (ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery in rats) in order to identify early markers of myocardial ischemia, to further apply to forensic and clinical pathology in cases of sudden cardiac death. Using immunohistochemistry, Western blots, and gene expression analyses, we investigated a number of markers, selected among those which are currently used in emergency departments to diagnose myocardial infarction and those which are under investigation in basic research and autopsy pathology studies on cardiovascular diseases. The study was performed on 44 adult male Lewis rats, assigned to three experimental groups: control, sham-operated, and operated. The durations of ischemia ranged between 5 min and 24 h. The investigated markers were troponins I and T, myoglobin, fibronectin, C5b-9, connexin 43 (dephosphorylated), JunB, cytochrome c, and TUNEL staining. The earliest expressions (≤30 min) were observed for connexin 43, JunB, and cytochrome c, followed by fibronectin (≤1 h), myoglobin (≤1 h), troponins I and T (≤1 h), TUNEL (≤1 h), and C5b-9 (≤2 h). By this investigation, we identified a panel of true early markers of myocardial ischemia and delineated their temporal evolution in expression by employing new technologies for gene expression analysis, in addition to traditional and routine methods (such as histology and immunohistochemistry). Moreover, for the first time in the autopsy pathology field, we identified, by immunohistochemistry, two very early markers of myocardial ischemia: dephosphorylated connexin 43 and JunB.
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High Level of Serum Myoglobin in Human Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Implications for Large Hematoma Volume and Growth. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 25:1582-1589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Mid-regional-pro-adrenomedullin plasma levels are increased in obese adolescents. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1255-60. [PMID: 26018656 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, adrenomedullin (ADM) was defined as a new member of the adipokine family. ADM secreted by adipocytes, through its vasodilator and antioxidant actions, might be protective against metabolic syndrome-associated cardiovascular complications. The aim of the study was to assess plasma mid-regional (MR)-proADM levels in obese adolescents compared to normal-weight subjects and its relation with BMI, body composition and metabolic indices. METHODS Plasma MR-proADM was measured in 32 healthy adolescents [BMI z-score (mean ± SEM) = 0.6 ± 0.09 and 0.8 ± 0.07 in females and males, respectively] and in 51 age-matched obese adolescents [BMI z-score (mean ± SEM) = 2.8 ± 0.12 and 2.9 ± 0.08 in female and males, respectively] by a time-resolved amplified cryptate emission technology assay. RESULTS Plasma MR-proADM levels resulted significantly higher in obese than in normal-weight adolescents (MR-proADM: 0.33 ± 0.1 vs 0.40 ± 0.1 nmol/L, p < 0.0001). Using univariate analysis, we observed that MR-proADM correlated significantly with BMI z-score (p < 0.0001), fat mass (p < 0.0001), circulating insulin (p < 0.004), HOMA-IR (p < 0.005), total cholesterol (p < 0.03) and LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05). Including MR-proADM as response variable and its significant correlates into a multiple regression analysis, we observed that fat mass (p = 0.014) and BMI z-score (p = 0.036) were independent determinants of circulating MR-proADM. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows for the first time that obese adolescents have higher circulating levels of MR-proADM compared with normal-weight, appropriate controls suggesting its important involvement in obese patients.
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Chen JH, Inamori-Kawamoto O, Michiue T, Ikeda S, Ishikawa T, Maeda H. Cardiac biomarkers in blood, and pericardial and cerebrospinal fluids of forensic autopsy cases: A reassessment with special regard to postmortem interval. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2015; 17:343-50. [PMID: 26052007 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested possible application of postmortem biochemistry of myocardial biomarkers to the investigation of sudden cardiac death; however, differences from clinical findings should be considered in autopsy materials. The present study involved a comprehensive investigation of cardiac troponin T and I (cTnT and cTnI), and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) in cardiac and peripheral external iliac venous blood, pericardial fluid (PCF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for reassessment, with special regard to the estimated postmortem interval in relation to the cause of death, reviewing a large number of forensic autopsy cases (n=1923). These cardiac biomarkers showed cause-of-death- and postmortem-time-dependent differences: blood and PCF levels of each marker were higher in hyperthermia (heatstroke), bathwater drowning and chronic congestive heart disease in cases of postmortem interval (PMI) <12h. After 12h postmortem, these markers were also higher in fatal drug abuse, spontaneous cerebral/subarachnoid bleeding, electrocution and pulmonary embolism. In addition, most other causes of death, including ischemic heart disease, showed substantial elevations, while these markers remained low in acute hemorrhagic death from sharp instrument injury, hypothermia (cold exposure) and sea-/freshwater drowning during PMI of <48h. CSF cTnI and CK-MB showed similar findings. There was no difference between myocardial infarction and other causes of death to be discriminated, including asphyxiation, drowning and fire fatality. These findings are similar to clinical observations in critical ill patients, suggesting that elevated cardiac biomarkers cannot be a specific finding for death from acute ischemic heart disease, but indicate the severity of myocardial injury in postmortem investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Chen
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center, Uehonmachi 7-1-16-1308, Tennoji, Osaka 543-0001, Japan.
| | - Osamu Inamori-Kawamoto
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center, Uehonmachi 7-1-16-1308, Tennoji, Osaka 543-0001, Japan
| | - Tomomi Michiue
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center, Uehonmachi 7-1-16-1308, Tennoji, Osaka 543-0001, Japan
| | - Sayuko Ikeda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center, Uehonmachi 7-1-16-1308, Tennoji, Osaka 543-0001, Japan
| | - Takaki Ishikawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center, Uehonmachi 7-1-16-1308, Tennoji, Osaka 543-0001, Japan; Division of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center, Uehonmachi 7-1-16-1308, Tennoji, Osaka 543-0001, Japan
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Gedikli O, Kiris A, Hosoglu Y, Karahan C, Kaplan S. Serum myeloperoxidase level is associated with heart-type fatty acid-binding protein but not troponin T in patients with chronic heart failure. Med Princ Pract 2015; 24:42-6. [PMID: 25402608 PMCID: PMC5588196 DOI: 10.1159/000368717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the possible relationship between myeloperoxidase (MPO) and myocardial damage markers such as heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) and troponin T (TnT) in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two consecutive patients (age range: 27-80 years) with chronic HF were enrolled in the study. Serum H-FABP, TnT and MPO levels were measured. Routine biochemical and clinical parameters were recorded. Echocardiographic examinations were performed on all patients. A linear regression analysis was performed to determine the correlates of serum H-FABP. RESULTS The MPO, H-FABP and TnT levels were 255 ± 227, 60.6 ± 48.5 and 0.07 ± 0.15 ng/ml, respectively. In multiple linear regression analysis, age (β = -0.36, p = 0.006), creatinine level (β = 0.3, p = 0.024) and serum MPO level (β = 0.41, p = 0.009) were significant determinants of H-FABP levels. Bivariate predictors were not significantly associated with TnT levels in linear regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS The MPO was significantly associated with serum H-FABP levels but not with TnT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Gedikli
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
- *Omer Gedikli, MD, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, TR–61080 Trabzon (Turkey), E-Mail
| | - Abdulkadir Kiris
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Hosoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Caner Karahan
- Department of Biochemistry, Özel Yıldızlıgüven Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Sahin Kaplan
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a leading cause of death worldwide. In the past years new biomarkers have drawn the clinician's attention for their use in primary prevention and in the identification of individuals at cardiovascular risk. Biomarkers also provide information on the progression and possible recurrence of cardiovascular events, and include inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and interleukin-18), endothelial dysfunction markers (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1), neurohormonal markers (brain natriuretic peptide and copeptine), ischemia biomarkers (apolipoprotein J) and necrosis markers (troponins). Although biomarkers provide utility for predicting cardiovascular risk, the identification and characterization of new biomarkers to achieve increasing diagnosis and prognostic efficiency in CVD prevention is of high clinical interest. In this review we will discuss on recently discovered biomarkers and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
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Liu S, Yu Y, Luo B, Liao X, Tan Z. Impact of Traumatic Muscle Crush Injury as a Cause of Cardiomyocyte-specific Injury: An Experimental Study. Heart Lung Circ 2013; 22:284-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pervanidou P, Akalestos A, Bastaki D, Apostolakou F, Papassotiriou I, Chrousos G. Increased circulating High-Sensitivity Troponin T concentrations in children and adolescents with obesity and the metabolic syndrome: a marker for early cardiac damage? Metabolism 2013; 62:527-31. [PMID: 23114876 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood obesity is associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis mediated by the pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to the development of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). High-Sensitivity Troponin T (hs-TnT) is a specific marker of ischemic myocardial damage, whereas a minimal elevation of this biomarker has been found in adults with a high-risk for cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that hs-TnT might be altered in obese children with and/or without the Mets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-seven (34 males) obese and 25 non-obese (6 males) children were assessed at the Childhood Obesity Clinic of our department. Obesity was defined using the IOTF criteria. Metabolic syndrome was defined with the IDF criteria. Hs-TnT was measured using an electrochemiluminescence-based assay. RESULTS The entire group of obese children had significantly higher hs-TnT concentrations [4.1 ± 3.4 ng/L] (p=0.029) than the non-obese ones [3.0 ± 0.2 ng/L), however, in both groups the levels of the cardiac biomarker were within the normal range. Comparison of the obese children with or without the MetS and the non-obese, revealed that those with the MetS had significantly higher hs-TnT (6.7±7.1 ng/L) than the obese without MetS (3.7 ± 2.1 ng/L) [p=0.044], and the non-obese [p=0.014]. Hs-TnT did not differ between the obese without MetS and the non-obese. CONCLUSIONS Circulating concentrations of hs-TnT in obese children with the MetS are higher than those of the obese without the MetS and the non-obese, suggesting that it is obesity-related metabolic changes rather than obesity per se linked to increased hs-TnT in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Pervanidou
- Childhood Obesity Clinic, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Kakoti A, Goswami P. Heart type fatty acid binding protein: structure, function and biosensing applications for early detection of myocardial infarction. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 43:400-11. [PMID: 23357005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart type fatty acid binding protein (HFABP) as an early marker of cardiac injury holds a promising future with studies indicating surpassing performance as compared to myoglobin. As a plasma marker, this cytoplasmic protein owing to its small size (∼15kDa) and water solubility, appears readily in the blood-stream following cardiomyocyte damage, reaching peak levels within 6h of symptom onset. Low plasma levels of HFABP as compared to tissue levels indicate that minute amounts of the protein when released during myocardial infarction leads to a greater proportional rise. These parameters of kinetic release make it an ideal candidate for rapid assessment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The need for development of rapid immunoassays and immunotests so as to use HFABP as an early marker for AMI exclusion is tremendous. In the present review, we outline the various immunoassays and immunosensors developed so far for the detection of HFABP in buffer, plasma or whole blood. The principles behind the detection techniques along with their performance parameters compared to standard ELISA techniques are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankana Kakoti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Riahi E. Salivary high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Oral Dis 2012; 19:180-4. [PMID: 22834943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2012.01968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accurate and rapid diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI) is of major medical and economic importance. The objective of this study was to identify whole saliva high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in patients with acute MI. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A case-control study was carried out in 30 normal healthy individuals, and 30 patients with acute MI were hospitalized in CCU of Imam Hossein hospital, Tehran, Iran. The hs-cTnT levels were assayed in serum and whole saliva in the first and second morning following the MI by ELISA method. Statistical analysis of the Student's t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient was performed. RESULTS The mean stimulated and unstimulated saliva and serum levels of hs-cTnT at both the first and the second morning following the acute MI were significantly higher in patients with acute MI compared with healthy individuals. Furthermore, stimulated and unstimulated saliva hs-TnT levels correlated significantly with serum hs-TnT level (r = 0.415, P < 0.023; r = 0.466, P < 0.021, respectively). CONCLUSION Results suggest that salivary hs-cTnT can be used as an alternative to serum hs-cTnT for diagnosis and monitoring of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mirzaii-Dizgah
- Department of Physiology, Physiology in Unusual States Research Center, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Siervo M, Ruggiero D, Sorice R, Nutile T, Aversano M, Iafusco M, Vetrano F, Wells JC, Stephan BC, Ciullo M. Body mass index is directly associated with biomarkers of angiogenesis and inflammation in children and adolescents. Nutrition 2012; 28:262-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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16
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Kucukazman M, Ata N, Yavuz B, Dal K, Ertugrul DT, Yalcin AA, Deveci OS, Sen O, Akin KO, Cizmeci Z, Sacikara M, Nazligul Y. Elevation of B-type natriuretic peptide level in asymptomatic hepatitis B virus-positive patients is not associated with abnormalities of cardiac function. Med Princ Pract 2012; 21:150-5. [PMID: 22024590 DOI: 10.1159/000332440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and echocardiographic parameters in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and healthy control subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 52 consecutive patients with HBV and 47 healthy controls were examined. All subjects underwent transthoracic echocardiography after a complete medical history and laboratory examination including BNP, C-reactive protein (CRP) and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP). RESULTS Demographic characteristics were similar in patients with HBV and the control group. No significant difference was found in conventional Doppler and tissue Doppler parameters between the two groups. BNP levels were significantly higher in patients with HBV [6.5 ng/l (range 0.5-85.2)] than controls [4.3 ng/l (range 0.5-18.3)], p = 0.039. hsCRP [3.25 mg/l (0.02-40.2) vs. 0.5 mg/l (0.02-8.0)] levels were significantly higher in patients with HBV than control subjects (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Patients with HBV had higher BNP, CRP, and hsCRP levels than controls. Echocardiographic findings were similar in both groups. This slight BNP elevation in HBV patients may be related to chronic inflammation due to HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Kucukazman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kecioren Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Combined analyses of creatine kinase MB, cardiac troponin I and myoglobin in pericardial and cerebrospinal fluids to investigate myocardial and skeletal muscle injury in medicolegal autopsy cases. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2011; 13:226-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bonney KM, Taylor JM, Daniels MD, Epting CL, Engman DM. Heat-killed Trypanosoma cruzi induces acute cardiac damage and polyantigenic autoimmunity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14571. [PMID: 21283741 PMCID: PMC3024973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas heart disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a potentially fatal cardiomyopathy often associated with cardiac autoimmunity. T. cruzi infection induces the development of autoimmunity to a number of antigens via molecular mimicry and other mechanisms, but the genesis and pathogenic potential of this autoimmune response has not been fully elucidated. To determine whether exposure to T. cruzi antigens alone in the absence of active infection is sufficient to induce autoimmunity, we immunized A/J mice with heat-killed T. cruzi (HKTC) emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant, and compared the resulting immune response to that induced by infection with live T. cruzi. We found that HKTC immunization is capable of inducing acute cardiac damage, as evidenced by elevated serum cardiac troponin I, and that this damage is associated with the generation of polyantigenic humoral and cell-mediated autoimmunity with similar antigen specificity to that induced by infection with T. cruzi. However, while significant and preferential production of Th1 and Th17-associated cytokines, accompanied by myocarditis, develops in T. cruzi-infected mice, HKTC-immunized mice produce lower levels of these cytokines, do not develop Th1-skewed immunity, and lack tissue inflammation. These results demonstrate that exposure to parasite antigen alone is sufficient to induce autoimmunity and cardiac damage, yet additional immune factors, including a dominant Th1/Th17 immune response, are likely required to induce cardiac inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Bonney
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
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19
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da Silva SH, Pereira RDS, Hausen BDS, Signor C, Gomes P, de Campos MMA, Moresco RN. Assessment of the nickel-albumin binding assay for diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 49:541-6. [PMID: 21143014 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia may alter the metal binding capacity of circulating serum albumin. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe an automated method to measure ischemia-induced alterations in the binding capacity of serum albumin for exogenous nickel, and to evaluate the diagnostic characteristics of this assay for the assessment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients presenting to the emergency room (ER) with acute chest pain. METHODS We assessed the concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), serum albumin, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) measured by the cobalt-albumin binding assay (CABA), and by an automated nickel-albumin binding assay (NABA) in the following groups: ACS (n=63) and non-ischemic chest pain (NICP, n=26). Biochemical markers were determined in blood samples obtained from patients within 3 h of ER admission. RESULTS cTnI, CABA and NABA concentrations were higher in ACS group in comparison to the NICP group. A significant correlation between NABA and CABA was observed (r=0.5387, p<0.001). Areas under the curve for CABA and NABA were 0.7289 and 0.7582, respectively. Both CABA and NABA have the ability to discriminate patients with ACS. However, NABA has a slightly higher ability to discriminate ACS compared with CABA. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ACS have reduced nickel binding to human serum albumin, and NABA may have an important role as an early marker of myocardial ischemia, particularly in patients presenting to the ER with acute chest pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Huber da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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21
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B-type natriuretic peptide protect cardiomyocytes at reperfusion via mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Biomed Pharmacother 2010; 64:170-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2009.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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22
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Protective effects of caspase-9 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors on ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial injury. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:1037-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Engle SK, Jordan WH, Pritt ML, Chiang AY, Davis MA, Zimmermann JL, Rudmann DG, Heinz-Taheny KM, Irizarry AR, Yamamoto Y, Mendel D, Schultze AE, Cornwell PD, Watson DE. Qualification of cardiac troponin I concentration in mouse serum using isoproterenol and implementation in pharmacology studies to accelerate drug development. Toxicol Pathol 2009; 37:617-28. [PMID: 19549929 DOI: 10.1177/0192623309339502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac troponin I is a useful biomarker of myocardial injury, but its use in mice and application to early drug discovery are not well described. The authors investigated the relationship between cTnI concentration in serum and histologic lesions in heart tissue from mice treated with isoproterenol (ISO). Cardiac TnI concentrations in serum increased in a dose-dependant manner and remained increased twenty-four to forty-eight hours after a single administration of isoproterenol. Increased cTnI concentration was of greater magnitude and longer duration than increased fatty acid binding protein 3 concentration, aspartate aminotransferase activity, and creatine kinase activity in serum. Isoproterenol-induced increases in cTnI concentrations were both greater and more sustained in BALB/c than in CD1 mice and correlated with incidence and severity of lesions observed in heart sections from both strains. In drug development studies in BALB/c mice with novel kinase inhibitors, cTnI concentration was a reliable stand-alone biomarker of cardiac injury and was used in combination with measurements of in vivo target inhibition to demonstrate an off-target contribution to cardiotoxicity. Additional attributes, including low cost and rapid turnaround time, made cTnI concentration in serum invaluable for detecting cardiotoxicity, exploring structure-activity relationships, and prioritizing development of compounds with improved safety profiles early in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Engle
- Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
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Sun Y, Zhang Y, Yan M, Wu Y, Zheng X. B-Type Natriuretic Peptide-Induced Cardioprotection against Reperfusion Is Associated with Attenuation of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1545-51. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiguo Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University
| | - Yabin Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University
| | - Xiaoxiang Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University
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Lowe FJ, Gregg EO, McEwan M. Evaluation of biomarkers of exposure and potential harm in smokers, former smokers and never-smokers. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009; 47:311-20. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2009.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: The objective of this study was to obtain baseline data on biomarkers of exposure (BoE) and biomarkers of potential harm (BoPH) in smokers, former smokers and never-smokers.: This was a cross-sectional study of 80 healthy male and female volunteers over 21 years old, self-selected for smoking status. Subjects were pre-screened by medical staff at an independent clinical research unit, within 1 week prior to a single overnight residential visit and sample collection.: All BoE were able to differentiate between the two smoking groups and smokers from all non-smokers. There was a strong correlation between cigarettes smoked per day and total urinary nicotine equivalents (TNE; r=0.85). TNE correlated better with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol levels than cigarettes smoked per day (r=0.75 and r=0.56, respectively). Of the BoPH included in this study, seven (11-dehydro-thromboxane B2, 2, 3-dinorthromboxane B2, 8-epi prostaglandin F: While BoE clearly differentiate between groups based on self-declared smoking status, most BoPH examined could not do so in a consistent manner. The dynamics of BoPH levels are not well understood. Future studies of BoPH should eliminate potential confounding factors and increase the number of subjects to allow the investigation of genetic polymorphism in metabolic pathways.Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:311–20.
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Classen S, Staratschek-Jox A, Schultze JL. Use of genome-wide high-throughput technologies in biomarker development. Biomark Med 2008; 2:509-24. [DOI: 10.2217/17520363.2.5.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the usage of high-throughput technologies in the fields of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics for biomarker discovery has expanded enormously. Biomarkers can be applied for many purposes, including diagnosis, prognosis, staging and selecting appropriate patient therapy. In addition, biomarkers can provide information on disease mechanism or progression. Biomarker development for clinical application encompasses phases for their discovery and characterization, assay development and, finally, implementation using automated platforms employed in clinical laboratories. However, translation from bench to bedside outside a research-oriented environment has proven to be more difficult. This is reflected by only few new biomarkers being integrated into clinical application in the last years. This article reviews currently used high-throughput technologies for the identification of biomarkers, as well as present approaches to increase the percentage of biomarkers that pass the barriers for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Classen
- Molecular Immune & Cell Biology, Laboratory for Genomics & Immunoregulation, LIMES (Life and Medical Sciences) Bonn Program Unit, University of Bonn Karlrobert-Kreitenstraat 13,D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Staratschek-Jox
- Molecular Immune & Cell Biology, Laboratory for Genomics & Immunoregulation, LIMES (Life and Medical Sciences) Bonn Program Unit, University of Bonn Karlrobert-Kreitenstraat 13,D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Molecular Immune & Cell Biology, Laboratory for Genomics & Immunoregulation, LIMES (Life and Medical Sciences) Bonn Program Unit, University of Bonn Karlrobert-Kreitenstraat 13,D-53115, Bonn, Germany
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