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Luo Y, Yu P, Liu J. The efficiency of stem cell differentiation into functional beta cells for treating insulin-requiring diabetes: Recent advances and current challenges. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03855-8. [PMID: 38730069 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the potential of stem cells (SCs) to differentiate into various types of cells, including β-cells, has led to a significant boost in development. The efficiency of this differentiation process and the functionality of the cells post-transplantation are crucial factors for the success of stem cell therapy in diabetes. Herein, this article reviews the current advances and challenges faced by stem cell differentiation into functional β-cells for diabetes treatment. In vitro, researchers have sought to enhance the differentiation efficiency of functional β-cells by mimicking the normal pancreatic development process, using gene manipulation, pharmacological and culture conditions stimulation, three-dimensional (3D) and organoid culture, or sorting for functional β-cells based on mature islet cell markers. Furthermore, in vivo studies have also looked at suitable transplantation sites, the enhancement of the transplantation microenvironment, immune modulation, and vascular function reconstruction to improve the survival rate of functional β-cells, thereby enhancing the treatment of diabetes. Despite these advancements, developing stem cells to produce functional β-cells for efficacious diabetes treatment is a continuous research endeavor requiring significant multidisciplinary collaboration, for the stem-cell-derived beta cells to evolve into an effective cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Luo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Soria B, Escacena N, Gonzaga A, Soria-Juan B, Andreu E, Hmadcha A, Gutierrez-Vilchez AM, Cahuana G, Tejedo JR, De la Cuesta A, Miralles M, García-Gómez S, Hernández-Blasco L. Cell Therapy of Vascular and Neuropathic Complications of Diabetes: Can We Avoid Limb Amputation? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17512. [PMID: 38139339 PMCID: PMC10743405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, a leg is amputated approximately every 30 seconds, with an estimated 85 percent of these amputations being attributed to complications arising from diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), as stated by the American Diabetes Association. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a risk factor resulting in DFU and can, either independently or in conjunction with diabetes, lead to recurring, slow-healing ulcers and amputations. According to guidelines amputation is the recommended treatment for patients with no-option critical ischemia of the limb (CTLI). In this article we propose cell therapy as an alternative strategy for those patients. We also suggest the optimal time-frame for an effective therapy, such as implanting autologous mononuclear cells (MNCs), autologous and allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) as these treatments induce neuropathy relief, regeneration of the blood vessels and tissues, with accelerated ulcer healing, with no serious side effects, proving that advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMPs) application is safe and effective and, hence, can significantly prevent limb amputation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Soria
- Institute of Biomedical Research ISABIAL of the University Miguel Hernández, Dr. Balmis General and University Hospital, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
- CIBERDEM Network Research Center for Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Escacena
- Fresci Consultants, Human Health Innovation, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aitor Gonzaga
- Institute of Biomedical Research ISABIAL of the University Miguel Hernández, Dr. Balmis General and University Hospital, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Barbara Soria-Juan
- Reseaux Hôpitalieres Neuchatelois et du Jura, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Etelvina Andreu
- Institute of Biomedical Research ISABIAL of the University Miguel Hernández, Dr. Balmis General and University Hospital, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, University Miguel Hernández Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Abdelkrim Hmadcha
- Biosanitary Research Institute (IIB-VIU), Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Gutierrez-Vilchez
- Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Gladys Cahuana
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan R. Tejedo
- CIBERDEM Network Research Center for Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Miralles
- University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Luis Hernández-Blasco
- Institute of Biomedical Research ISABIAL of the University Miguel Hernández, Dr. Balmis General and University Hospital, 03010 Alicante, Spain
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A new shortened protocol to obtain islet-like cells from hESC-derived ductal cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:587-597. [PMID: 34212340 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods for obtaining pancreatic β cells are based on simulating the embryonic development phase of endocrine cells via hierarchical differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Accordingly, we attempted to modify the protocols for obtaining insulin-secreting cells (ISCs) by sequential differentiation of a human embryonic stem cell (hESC), using the HS181 cell line. Furthermore, we hypothesize that actual pancreatic endocrine cells may arise from trans-differentiation of mature ductal cells after the embryonic developmental stage and throughout the rest of life. According to the hypothesis, ductal cells are trans-differentiated into endocrine and exocrine cells, undergoing a partial epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). To address this issue, we developed two new protocols based on hESC differentiation to obtain ductal cells and then induce EMT in cells to obtain hormone-secreting islet-like cells (HSCs). The ductal (pre-EMT exocrine) cells were then induced to undergo partial EMT by treating with Wnt3a and activin A, in hypoxia. The cell derived from the latter method significantly expressed the main endocrine cell-specific markers and also β cells, in particular. These experiments not only support our hypothetical model but also offer a promising approach to develop new methods to compensate β cell depletion in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Although this protocol of generating islet-like cells from ductal cells has a potential to treat T1DM, this strategy may be exploited to optimize the function of these cells in an animal model and future clinical applications.
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Barati G, Nadri S, Hajian R, Rahmani A, Mostafavi H, Mortazavi Y, Taromchi AH. Differentiation of microfluidic‐encapsulated trabecular meshwork mesenchymal stem cells into insulin producing cells and their impact on diabetic rats. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6801-6809. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Samad Nadri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Ramin Hajian
- Novel Fluidic Systems Pioneers Co., Innovation & Entrepreneurship Center of Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Rahmani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Hossein Mostafavi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Yousef Mortazavi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Taromchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
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Peng BY, Dubey NK, Mishra VK, Tsai FC, Dubey R, Deng WP, Wei HJ. Addressing Stem Cell Therapeutic Approaches in Pathobiology of Diabetes and Its Complications. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:7806435. [PMID: 30046616 PMCID: PMC6036791 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7806435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High morbidity and mortality of diabetes mellitus (DM) throughout the human population is a serious threat which needs to be addressed cautiously. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are most prevalent forms. Disruption in insulin regulation and resistance leads to increased formation and accumulation of advanced end products (AGEs), which further enhance oxidative and nitrosative stress leading to microvascular (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy) and macrovascular complications. These complications affect the normal function of organ and tissues and may cause life-threatening disorders, if hyperglycemia persists and improperly controlled. Current and traditional treatment procedures are only focused on to regulate the insulin level and do not cure the diabetic complications. Pancreatic transplantation seemed a viable alternative; however, it is limited due to lack of donors. Cell-based therapy such as stem cells is considered as a promising therapeutic agent against DM and diabetic complications owing to their multilineage differentiation and regeneration potential. Previous studies have demonstrated the various impacts of both pluripotent and multipotent stem cells on DM and its micro- and macrovascular complications. Therefore, this review summarizes the potential of stem cells to treat DM and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bou-Yue Peng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- Ceramics and Biomaterials Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Viraj Krishna Mishra
- Applied Biotech Engineering Centre (ABEC), Department of Biotechnology, Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Ambala, India
| | - Feng-Chou Tsai
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Cosmetic Clinic Group, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Win-Ping Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jian Wei
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
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Moshrefi M, Yari N, Nabipour F, Bazrafshani MR, Nematollahi-mahani SN. Transplantation of differentiated umbilical cord mesenchymal cells under kidney capsule for control of type I diabetes in rat. Tissue Cell 2015; 47:395-405. [PMID: 26025422 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, stem cells have been introduced as an appropriate source of regenerative medicine for treatment of type I diabetes. Human umbilical cord matrix-derived mesenchymal cells (hUCMC) have successfully been differentiated into insulin producing cells. The isolated hUCM cells were characterized by the expression of stem cell surface markers and by differentiation into adipocytes and osteocytes. The hUCMCs were cultured with different concentrations of neural conditional medium (NCM) and were induced to differentiate into insulin producing cells (IPCs). As 60% NCM concentration resulted in higher nestin and PDX1 expression, the cells were first exposed to 60% NCM and were then induced for IPCs differentiation. PDX1 and insulin gene expression was evaluated in the treated cells. Also, the secretion capacity of the IPCs was assessed by glucose challenge test. IPCs were transferred under the rat kidney capsule. Blood glucose level, weight gain and immunohistochemistry assessments were done in the treated animals. hUCMC expressed mesenchymal cell surface markers and successfully differentiated into adipocytes and osteocytes. Higher NCM concentration resulted in higher PDX1 and nestin expression. The IPCs expressed insulin and PDX1. IPCs were detectable under the kidney capsule 2 months after injection. IPCs transplantation resulted in a sharp decline of blood sugar level and less weight loss. Differentiated hUCM cells could alleviate the insulin deprivation in the rat model of type I diabetes. In addition, higher NCM concentration leads to more differentiation into IPCs and more nestin and PDX1 expression. Kidney capsule can serve as a suitable nominee for IPCs transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Moshrefi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Afzal Research Institute (NGO), Kerman, Iran
| | - Nahid Yari
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nabipour
- Department of Pathology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bazrafshani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-mahani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Afzal Research Institute (NGO), Kerman, Iran.
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Nam JS, Kang HM, Kim J, Park S, Kim H, Ahn CW, Park JO, Kim KR. Transplantation of insulin-secreting cells differentiated from human adipose tissue-derived stem cells into type 2 diabetes mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:775-81. [PMID: 24148246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are limited ways to preserve or recover insulin secretory capacity in human pancreas. We evaluated the efficacy of cell therapy using insulin-secreting cells differentiated from human eyelid adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hEAs) into type 2 diabetes mice. After differentiating hEAs into insulin-secreting cells (hEA-ISCs) in vitro, cells were transplanted into a type 2 diabetes mouse model. Serum levels of glucose, insulin and c-peptide were measured, and changes of metabolism and inflammation were assessed in mice that received undifferentiated hEAs (UDC group), differentiated hEA-ISCs (DC group), or sham operation (sham group). Human gene expression and immunohistochemical analysis were done. DC group mice showed improved glucose level, and survival up to 60 days compared to those of UDC and sham group. Significantly increased levels of human insulin and c-peptide were detected in sera of DC mice. RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis showed human gene expression and the presence of human cells in kidneys of DC mice. When compared to sham mice, DC mice exhibited lower levels of IL-6, triglyceride and free fatty acids as the control mice. Transplantation of hEA-ISCs lowered blood glucose level in type 2 diabetes mice by increasing circulating insulin level, and ameliorating metabolic parameters including IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 135-720 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Seoul Women's University, 139-774 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Bcellbio, 139-774 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Seoul Women's University, 139-774 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seah Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Seoul Women's University, 139-774 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haekwon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Seoul Women's University, 139-774 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Bcellbio, 139-774 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Woo Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 135-720 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Oh Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yongin Severance Hospital, 449-930 Yongin, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Rae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 135-720 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Gvazava IG, Vasiliev AV, Balan OV. Compensatory function of submandibular gland in mice with streptozotocin diabetes under conditions of transplantation. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 152:699-702. [PMID: 22803168 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-012-1610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of the submandibular gland under the renal capsule of mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus stimulated the compensatory function of the recipient submandibular gland. An increase in insulin I and insulin II gene expression in the submandibular gland after transplantation was demonstrated by PCR. More intensive production and extrusion of these proteins in the apical and basal directions in granular compartment cells of the submandibular gland was confirmed by electron microscopy. All these changes led to a reduction of blood glucose levels in diabetic animals as soon as 2-2.5 weeks after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Gvazava
- N. K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Dave SD, Vanikar AV, Trivedi HL. Ex vivo generation of glucose sensitive insulin secreting mesenchymal stem cells derived from human adipose tissue. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012; 16 Suppl 1:S65-S69. [PMID: 22701849 PMCID: PMC3354929 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.94264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetics are incapable of producing insulin/have autoimmune mechanisms making it ineffective to control glucose secretion. We present a prospective study of glucose-sensitive insulin-secreting mesenchymal stem cells (IS-MSC) generated from human adipose tissue (h-AD) sans xenogenic material. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten grams h-AD from donor anterior abdominal wall was collected in proliferation medium composed of α-Minimum Essential Media (α-MEM), albumin, fibroblast-growth factor and antibiotics, minced, incubated in collagenase-I at 37°C with shaker and centrifuged. Supernatant and pellets were separately cultured in proliferation medium on cell+ plates at 37°C with 5% CO(2) for 10 days. Cells were harvested by trypsinization, checked for viability, sterility, counts, flow-cytometry (CD45(-)/90(+)/73(+)), and differentiated into insulin-expressing cells using medium composed of DMEM, gene expressing up-regulators and antibiotics for 3 days. They were studied for transcriptional factors Pax-6, Isl-1, pdx-1 (immunofluorescence). C-peptide and insulin were measured by chemiluminescence. In vitro glucose sensitivity assay was carried out by measuring levels of insulin and C-peptide secretion in absence of glucose followed by 2 hours incubation after glucose addition. RESULTS Mean IS-AD-MSC quantum was 3.21 ml, cell count, 1.5 ×10(3) cells/μl), CD45(-)/90(+)/73(+) cells were 44.37% /25.52%. All of them showed presence of pax-6, pdx-1, and Isl-1. Mean C-Peptide and insulin levels were 0.36 ng/ml and 234 μU/ml, respectively, pre-glucose and 0.87 ng/ml and 618.3 μU/ml post-glucose additions. The mean rise in secretion levels was 2.42 and 2.65 fold, respectively. CONCLUSION Insulin-secreting h-AD-MSC can be generated safely and effectively showing in vitro glucose responsive alteration in insulin and C-peptide secretion levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti D. Dave
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Services and Immunohematology, G. R. Doshi and K. M. Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Dr. H.L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Aruna V. Vanikar
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Services and Immunohematology, G. R. Doshi and K. M. Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Dr. H.L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hargovind L Trivedi
- Department of Nephrology, G. R. Doshi and K. M. Mehta Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Dr. H.L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Civil Hospital Campus, Asarwa, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Vicente-Salar N, Santana A, Reig JA, Roche E. Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells Using Pancreatic Bud-Conditioned Medium Gives Rise to Neuroectoderm-Derived Insulin-Secreting Cells. Cell Reprogram 2011; 13:77-84. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2010.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Vicente-Salar
- Research Foundation of Alicante Universitary General Hospital, Hepatology Unit, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alfredo Santana
- Research Unit, Gran Canaria Hospital Dr. Negrin and Genetic Unit, Childhood Hospital Complex, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Juan A. Reig
- Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Spain
| | - Enrique Roche
- Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Spain
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Hovatta O. The Obstacles on the Road to Clinical Applications of Stem Cell-Based Therapies: What Has Been Done to Overcome These Obstacles and What Remains to Be Done? TRANSLATIONAL STEM CELL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-959-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ungefroren H, Fändrich F. The Programmable Cell of Monocytic Origin (PCMO): A Potential Adult Stem/Progenitor Cell Source for the Generation of Islet Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 654:667-82. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3271-3_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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von Herrath M. Can we learn from viruses how to prevent type 1 diabetes?: the role of viral infections in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and the development of novel combination therapies. Diabetes 2009; 58:2-11. [PMID: 19114721 PMCID: PMC2606872 DOI: 10.2337/db08-9027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We will take a journey from basic pathogenetic mechanisms elicited by viral infections that play a role in the development of type 1 diabetes to clinical interventions, where we will discuss novel combination therapies. The role of viral infections in the development of type 1 diabetes is a rather interesting topic because in experimental models viruses appear capable of both accelerating as well as decelerating the immunological processes leading to type 1 diabetes. Consequently, I will discuss some of the underlying mechanisms for each situation and consider methods to investigate the proposed dichotomy for the involvement of viruses in human type 1 diabetes. Prevention of type 1 diabetes by infection supports the so-called "hygiene hypothesis." Interestingly, viruses invoke mechanisms that need to be exploited by novel combinatorial immune-based interventions, the first one being the elimination of autoaggressive T-cells attacking the beta-cells, ultimately leading to their immediate but temporally limited amelioration. The other is the invigoration of regulatory T-cells (Tregs), which can mediate long-term tolerance to beta-cell proteins in the pancreatic islets and draining lymph nodes. In combination, these two immune elements have the potential to permanently stop type 1 diabetes. It is my belief that only combination therapies will enable the permanent prevention and curing of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias von Herrath
- Diabetes Center, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.
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