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Soto Barros J, Braddock D, Carpenter TO. Hypophosphatemic rickets: An unexplained early feature of craniometaphyseal dysplasia. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101707. [PMID: 37654679 PMCID: PMC10466911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD) is an infrequently occurring skeletal dysplasia often caused by a mutation in ANKH. The most common features are early and progressive hyperostosis of craniofacial bones, which may cause obstruction of cranial nerves, and metaphyseal flaring of long bones. Rarely, rickets has been associated with CMD, occurring early in the course of the disease. We report an infant with CMD who presented with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity and low serum phosphorus at age 1 month and radiographic changes of rickets at 3 months of age. Further biochemical investigations revealed a high tubular reabsorption of phosphate and suppressed FGF23 level congruent with a deficit of phosphorus availability. Therapy with phosphorus was started at 4 months of age; calcitriol was subsequently added upon emergence of secondary hyperparathyroidism. A heterozygous pathogenic variant in ANKH c.1124_1126del (p.Ser375del) was identified. At 19 months of age therapy was discontinued in view of the corrected biochemical profile and radiographic improvement of rickets. ©The Authors. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Soto Barros
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Concepcion, Chacabuco esquina Janequeo S/N, 4070106 Concepcion, Chile
- Las Higueras Hospital, Alto Horno 777, 4270918 Talcahuano, Chile
- Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology), Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520-8064, USA
| | - Demetrios Braddock
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Thomas O Carpenter
- Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology), Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520-8064, USA
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Ohnishi T, Tran V, Sao K, Ramteke P, Querido W, Barve RA, van de Wetering K, Risbud MV. Loss of function mutation in Ank causes aberrant mineralization and acquisition of osteoblast-like-phenotype by the cells of the intervertebral disc. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:447. [PMID: 37468461 PMCID: PMC10356955 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Pathological mineralization of intervertebral disc is debilitating and painful and linked to disc degeneration in a subset of human patients. An adenosine triphosphate efflux transporter, progressive ankylosis (ANK) is a regulator of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate levels and plays an important role in tissue mineralization. However, the function of ANK in intervertebral disc has not been fully explored. Herein we analyzed the spinal phenotype of Ank mutant mice (ank/ank) with attenuated ANK function. Micro-computed tomography and histological analysis showed that loss of ANK function results in the aberrant annulus fibrosus mineralization and peripheral disc fusions with cranial to caudal progression in the spine. Vertebrae in ank mice exhibit elevated cortical bone mass and increased tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase-positive endplate chondrocytes with decreased subchondral endplate porosity. The acellular dystrophic mineral inclusions in the annulus fibrosus were localized adjacent to apoptotic cells and cells that acquired osteoblast-like phenotype. Fourier transform infrared spectral imaging showed that the apatite mineral in the outer annulus fibrosus had similar chemical composition to that of vertebral bone. Transcriptomic analysis of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissues showed changes in several biological themes with a prominent dysregulation of BMAL1/CLOCK circadian regulation. The present study provides new insights into the role of ANK in the disc tissue compartments and highlights the importance of local inorganic pyrophosphate metabolism in inhibiting the mineralization of this important connective tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ohnishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Victoria Tran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Kimheak Sao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Pranay Ramteke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - William Querido
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Ruteja A Barve
- Department of Genetics, Genome Technology Access Centre at the McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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Zhang D, Wu J, Zhang S, Wu J. Identification of Immune Infiltration-Related ceRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Prognosis of Patients With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:838220. [PMID: 35692841 PMCID: PMC9184720 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.838220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally; hence, relevant clinical biomarkers are necessary to enable diagnosis, early detection, and development of novel therapies. The differentially expressed genes were annotated and visualized using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia. In addition, a competitive endogenous ribonucleic acids network was constructed using Cytoscape, which explained the regulation of gene expression in glaucoma. The CIBERSORT algorithm was employed to analyze the immune microenvironment. We validated that the core genes could predict glaucoma occurrence and development and identified potential molecular mechanism pathways, which were associated with immune infiltration and participated in endogenous regulation networks. Our data may partially explain the pathogenesis of glaucoma and they provide potential theoretical support for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daowei Zhang
- Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Eye Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Eye Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenghai Zhang
- Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Eye Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shenghai Zhang, ; Jihong Wu,
| | - Jihong Wu
- Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Eye Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shenghai Zhang, ; Jihong Wu,
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He X, Dong Y. Ankylosis progressive homolog upregulation inhibits cell viability and mineralization during fibroblast ossification by regulating the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4551-4560. [PMID: 33173993 PMCID: PMC7646822 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosis progressive homolog (ANKH) is associated with fibroblast ossification in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). As the human ANKH gene is poorly characterized relative to its murine counterpart, the aim of the present study was to examine ANKH expression in ligament tissue isolated from patients with AS and the role played by this gene in AS‑associated fibroblast ossification. Fibroblasts were isolated from ligament tissue collected from patients with AS and ligament tissue from individuals with spinal cord fractures, then cultured. Fibroblasts from patients with AS were subsequently transfected with an ANKH overexpression vector, while those collected from individuals with spinal cord fractures were transfected with small interfering RNA specific for ANKH. Cell viability, apoptosis and mineralization were analyzed using MTT assays, flow cytometry and Alizarin Red staining, respectively. Furthermore, ANKH mRNA and protein expression levels were analyzed using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting analysis, respectively. The expression levels of osteogenesis markers, including alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, Runt‑related transcription factor 2, c‑Myc, as well as the β‑catenin signaling protein, were also determined using western blotting. The results of the present study revealed that ANKH protein expression levels were downregulated in AS total ligament tissue extract, compared with spinal fracture ligament. Moreover, the fibroblasts derived from patients with AS exhibited an increased viability and reduced apoptosis rates, compared with the fibroblasts from patients with spinal fracture. Notably, ANKH overexpression inhibited viability, mineralization and ossification, increased the phosphorylation of β‑catenin and downregulated β‑catenin and c‑Myc protein expression levels in fibroblasts from patients with AS. In addition, ANKH overexpression increased the ratio of p‑β‑catenin/β‑catenin in fibroblasts from patients with AS. By contrast, ANKH silencing in fibroblasts from patients with spinal fracture resulted in the opposite effect. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that ANKH may inhibit fibroblast viability, mineralization and ossification, possibly by regulating the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindong He
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The People's Hospital of Xinchang, Xinchang, Zhejiang 312500, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Dong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The People's Hospital of Xinchang, Xinchang, Zhejiang 312500, P.R. China
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Boudin E, Van Hul W. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Genetics of human bone formation. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 177:R69-R83. [PMID: 28381451 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Throughout life, bone is continuously remodelled to be able to fulfil its multiple functions. The importance of strictly regulating the bone remodelling process, which is defined by the sequential actions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, is shown by a variety of disorders with abnormalities in bone mass and strength. The best known and most common example of such a disorder is osteoporosis, which is marked by a decreased bone mass and strength that consequently results in an increased fracture risk. As osteoporosis is a serious health problem, a large number of studies focus on elucidating the aetiology of the disease as well as on the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteoporotic patients. These studies have demonstrated that a large amount of variation in bone mass and strength is often influenced by genetic variation in genes encoding important regulators of bone homeostasis. Throughout the years, studies into the genetic causes of osteoporosis as well as several rare monogenic disorders with abnormal high or low bone mass and strength have largely increased the knowledge on regulatory pathways important for bone resorption and formation. This review gives an overview of genes and pathways that are important for the regulation of bone formation and that are identified through their involvement in monogenic and complex disorders with abnormal bone mass. Furthermore, novel bone-forming strategies for the treatment of osteoporosis that resulted from these discoveries, such as antibodies against sclerostin, are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Boudin
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Mitton-Fitzgerald E, Gohr CM, Bettendorf B, Rosenthal AK. The Role of ANK in Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2016; 18:25. [PMID: 27032788 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-016-0574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The protein product of the progressive ankylosis gene, known as ANK, is a 492-amino acid multi-pass transmembrane protein. This protein is critical for the regulation of pyrophosphate, and gain of function ANK mutations is associated with calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. Much about the structure, function, and regulation of ANK remain unstudied. This review of the current literature examines recent contributions to our understanding of ANK. We focus on new work on the function, binding partners, and regulators of ANK. A more complete understanding of this important protein may help to identify future therapeutic targets for the treatment of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mitton-Fitzgerald
- The Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and the Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295-1000, USA
| | - Claudia M Gohr
- The Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and the Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295-1000, USA.
| | - Brittany Bettendorf
- The Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and the Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295-1000, USA
| | - Ann K Rosenthal
- The Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and the Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, 53295-1000, USA
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SHI XIUMIN, XU JIANTING, WANG JIHAN, CUI MEIZI, GAO YUSHUN, NIU HAITAO, JIN HAOFAN. Expression analysis of apolipoprotein E and its associated genes in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1309-1314. [PMID: 26622669 PMCID: PMC4533697 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a common type of cancer worldwide, and has a poor prognosis, in part due to the low rates of early diagnosis and the limited treatment methods available. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is involved in exogenous cholesterol transport and may be important in enabling tumor cells to fulfill their high cholesterol requirements. A number of reports have indicated that ApoE affects the development and prognosis of gastric cancer. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the genes and transcription factors that interact with ApoE during the development of gastric cancer. Using gene expression profiling, the BioGRID database and the transcriptional regulatory element database, gene expression and regulatory networks in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were analyzed. The data demonstrated that eight genes associated with ApoE were differentially expressed, with six of these upregulated and two downregulated. Functionally, these genes were involved in the JAK-STAT cascade, acute-phase response, acute inflammatory response, and the steroid hormone response. Among these ApoE-associated genes, expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) and STAT3 transcription factors was upregulated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the network of ApoE-related genes and transcription factors in gastric cancer. Additional studies are required in order to confirm these data and to translate the results into the identification of clinical biomarkers and novel treatment strategies for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- XIUMIN SHI
- Cancer Centre, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - JIANTING XU
- Cancer Centre, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - JIHAN WANG
- Department of Pathogenobiology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - MEIZI CUI
- Cancer Centre, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - YUSHUN GAO
- Department of Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - HAITAO NIU
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
- Dr Haitao Niu, Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - HAOFAN JIN
- Cancer Centre, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Haofan Jin, Cancer Centre, First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Bae WJ, Jue SS, Kim SY, Moon JH, Kim EC. Effects of Sodium Tri- and Hexametaphosphate on Proliferation, Differentiation, and Angiogenic Potential of Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2015; 41:896-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Uzuki M, Sawai T, Ryan LM, Rosenthal AK, Masuda I. Upregulation of ANK protein expression in joint tissue in calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease. J Rheumatol 2013; 41:65-74. [PMID: 24293574 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulation of excess extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate leads to calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal formation in articular cartilage. CPPD crystal formation occurs near morphologically abnormal chondrocytes resembling hypertrophic chondrocytes. The ANK protein was recently implicated as an important factor in the transport of intracellular inorganic pyrophosphate across the cell membrane. We characterized ANK in joint tissues from patients with and without CPPD deposition and correlated the presence of ANK with markers of chondrocyte hypertrophy. METHODS Articular tissues were obtained from 24 patients with CPPD crystal deposition disease, 11 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) without crystals, and 6 controls. We determined the number of ANK-positive cells in joint tissues using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, and correlated ANK positivity with markers of chondrocyte hypertrophy including Runx2, type X collagen, osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN). RESULTS ANK was detected in synoviocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteocytes. ANK was seen extracellularly only in the matrix of cartilage and meniscus. The number of ANK-positive cells was significantly higher in CPPD than in OA or normal joint tissues. The amount and intensity of ANK immunoreactivity reached maximum levels in the large chondrocytes around crystal deposits. ANK was similarly distributed to and significantly correlated with Runx2, type X collagen, OPN, and OCN. CONCLUSION ANK levels were higher in articular tissues from patients with CPPD deposition. ANK was concentrated around crystal deposits and correlated with markers of chondrocyte hypertrophy. These findings support a role for ANK in CPPD crystal formation in cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Uzuki
- From the Department of Pathology, Division of Leading Pathophysiology, Iwate Medical University, School of Medicine, Iwate, Japan; Division of Rheumatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Phillips KLE, Jordan-Mahy N, Nicklin MJH, Le Maitre CL. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist deficient mice provide insights into pathogenesis of human intervertebral disc degeneration. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72:1860-7. [PMID: 23396662 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is potentially important in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration; increasing production of matrix degradation enzymes and inhibiting matrix synthesis. Although IL-1 polymorphisms have been linked to increased risk of IVD degeneration, it is still unclear whether IL-1 drives IVD degeneration in vivo or is a secondary feature of degeneration. Here, we investigated whether IVD degeneration could be induced spontaneously by the removal of the natural inhibitor of IL-1 (IL-1 receptor antagonist) in mice that lack a functional IL-1rn gene. METHODS Histological staining and immunohistochemistry was performed on BALB/c IL-1rn(+/+) and IL-1rn(-/-) mice to examine degeneration and to localise and detect IL-1, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)3, MMP7, a disintigrin and MMP with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)4 protein production. In addition, IVD cells were isolated using collagenase and proliferation potential determined. RESULTS IL-1rn(-/-) knockout mice displayed typical features of human disc degeneration: loss of proteoglycan and normal collagen structure and increased expression of matrix degrading enzymes: MMP3; MMP7 and ADAMTS4. Histological grade of degeneration increased in IL-1rn(-/-) mice which was more evident within older mice. In addition IVD cells isolated from IL-1rn(-/-) mice displayed reduced proliferation potential. CONCLUSIONS Here, we show that IL-1rn(-/-) mice develop spinal abnormalities that resemble characteristic features associated with human disc degeneration. The current evidence is consistent with a role for IL-1 in the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration. The imbalance between IL-1 and IL-1Ra which is observed during human IVD degeneration could therefore be a causative factor in the degeneration of the IVD, and as such, is an appropriate pharmaceutical target for inhibiting degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Louise Eve Phillips
- Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, , Sheffield, UK
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Identification of early response genes to roughness and fluoride modification of titanium implants in human osteoblasts. IMPLANT DENT 2012; 21:141-9. [PMID: 22382752 DOI: 10.1097/id.0b013e31824a06b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tissue response after implantation determines the success of the healing process. This response is not only dependent on the chemical properties of the implant surface but also by the surface topography or its roughness. Although in vitro and in vivo studies show improved results with rough- and fluoride-modified implants, the mechanisms behind these findings are still unknown. METHODS AND MATERIALS Here, we have used a two-step procedure to identify novel genes related to the early response of primary human osteoblasts to roughness and fluoride-modified titanium implants. RESULTS Two hundred seventeen genes responding to roughness were identified by microarray analysis and 198 genes responding to fluoride, 33 genes were common. Those identified genes related to bone and mineralization were further investigated by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. After 1 day of culture, toll-like receptor 3, ankylosis-progressive homolog, decorin, osteocalcin, and runt-related transcription factor-2 were classified as responsive genes to roughness; Distal-less homeobox-2 and Tuftelin-1 as responsive genes to fluoride treatment. Responsive genes to both treatments were collagen type I, parathyroid hormone-like hormone, hairy and enhancer of split-1, follistatin, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1, and thyroid hormone receptor-alpha. CONCLUSION Our strategy was useful for identifying novel genes that might be involved in the early response of osteoblasts to rough and fluoride-modified titanium implants.
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Las Heras F, Pritzker KPH, So A, Tsui HW, Chiu B, Inman RD, Tsui FWL. Aberrant chondrocyte hypertrophy and activation of β-catenin signaling precede joint ankylosis in ank/ank mice. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:583-93. [PMID: 22298904 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the role of Ank in the maintenance of postnatal articular cartilage using the ank/ank mouse (mice homozygous for progressive ankylosis). METHODS We analyzed ank/ank mice and wild-type littermates (8, 12, and 18 weeks old). Sections from decalcified, paraffin-embedded joints were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Articular chondrocyte size and cartilage thickness were determined using morphometric methods. Immuno-histochemical staining was performed with anticollagen X, antitissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), and anti-ß-catenin antibodies on fixed joint sections. Axin2 expression in paw joint lysates in wild-type versus ank/ank mice were compared using Western blot analysis. RESULTS In all age groups of normal mice studied, calcified cartilage (CC) chondrocyte areas were significantly larger than those of uncalcified cartilage (UC) chondrocytes. However, similar chondrocyte areas (UC vs CC) were found in 12-week and 18-week-old ank/ank mice, indicating that hypertrophic chondrocytes were present in the UC of these mutant mice. The ank/ank mice showed an increase in CC thickness. The ank/ank UC hypertrophic chondrocytes showed diffuse immuno-reactivity for collagen X and TNAP. Increased ß-catenin activation was demonstrated by nuclear localization of ß-catenin staining in ank/ank chondrocytes. Axin2 expression from paw lysates was downregulated in ank/ank mice. CONCLUSION We identified a previously unrecognized phenotype in the articular cartilage of ank/ank mice: collagen X-positive hypertrophic chondrocytes in the UC. It is possible that consequent to downregulation of axin2 expression, ß-catenin signaling was activated, leading to accelerated chondrocyte maturation and eventual ankylosis in ank/ank joints. Our studies shed new light on the contribution of a key signaling pathway in this model of joint ankylosis.
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Zajac A, Baek SH, Salhab I, Radecki MA, Kim S, Hakonarson H, Nah HD. Novel ANKH mutation in a patient with sporadic craniometaphyseal dysplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:770-6. [PMID: 20186813 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Craniometaphyseal dysplasia is caused by mutations in ANKH (ankylosis, progressive homolog [mouse]) in the majority of cases, and all of the reported mutations are single amino acid changes. Genomic DNA from an affected patient, his biological parents, and a sibling was amplified and ANKH was sequenced. The affected patient had a complex heterozygous mutation in exon 7 (c.936T > C, c.938C > G, c.942_953delTGGTTGACGGAA), predicting p.Try290Gln and p.Trp292_Glu295del. We studied the effect of the predicted mutation on the subcellular distribution of ANKH protein. Immunofluorescent labeling of COS-7 cells transduced with normal or mutant Ank (murine progressive ankylosis), showed that normal Ank localized to both the plasma membrane and cytoplasm, whereas mutant Ank was detected only in the cytoplasmic compartment. We propose that this craniometaphyseal dysplasia mutation causes a loss of ANKH protein expression and activity in the plasma membrane as a result of aberrant intracellular protein trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Zajac
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Polewski MD, Johnson KA, Foster M, Millán JL, Terkeltaub R. Inorganic pyrophosphatase induces type I collagen in osteoblasts. Bone 2010; 46:81-90. [PMID: 19733704 PMCID: PMC2818162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The physiologic selectivity of calcification in bone tissue reflects selective co-expression by osteoblasts of fibrillar collagen I and of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), which hydrolyzes the calcification inhibitor pyrophosphate (PP(i)) and generates phosphate (P(i)). Humans and mice deficient in the PP(i)-generating ecto-enzyme NPP1 demonstrate soft tissue calcification, occurring at sites of extracellular matrix expansion. Significantly, the function in osteoblasts of cytosolic inorganic pyrophosphatase (abbreviated iPP(i)ase), which generates P(i) via PP(i) hydrolysis with neutral pH optimum, remains unknown. We assessed iPP(i)ase in Enpp1(-/-) and wild type (WT) mouse osteoblasts and we tested the hypothesis that iPP(i)ase regulates collagen I expression. METHODS We treated mouse calvarial osteoblasts with ascorbate and beta-glycerol phosphate to promote calcification, and we assessed cytosolic P(i) and PP(i) levels, sodium-dependent P(i) uptake, Pit-1 P(i) co-transporter expression, and iPP(i)ase and TNAP activity and expression. We also assessed the function of transfected Ppa1 in osteoblasts. RESULTS Inorganic pyrophosphatase but not TNAP was elevated in Enpp1(-/-) calvariae in situ. Cultured primary Enpp1(-/-) calvarial osteoblasts demonstrated increased calcification despite flat TNAP activity rather than physiologic TNAP up-regulation seen in WT osteoblasts. Despite decreased cytosolic PP(i) in early culture, Enpp1(-/-) osteoblasts maintained cytosolic P(i) levels comparable to WT osteoblasts, in association with increased iPP(i)ase, enhanced sodium-dependent P(i) uptake and expression of Pit-1, and markedly increased collagen I synthesis. Suppression of collagen synthesis in Enpp1(-/-) osteoblasts using 3,4-dehydroproline markedly suppressed calcification. Last, transfection of Ppa1 in WT osteoblasts increased cytosolic P(i) and decreased cytosolic but not extracellular PP(i), and induced both collagen I synthesis and calcification. CONCLUSIONS Increased iPP(i)ase is associated with "P(i) hunger" and increased calcification by NPP1-deficient osteoblasts. Furthermore, iPP(i)ase induces collagen I at the levels of mRNA expression and synthesis and, unlike TNAP, stimulates calcification by osteoblasts without reducing the extracellular concentration of the hydroxyapatite crystal inhibitor PP(i).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika D Polewski
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Section, VA Health Care System/UCSD, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
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