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Tian X, Zhao Q, Chen X, Peng Z, Tan X, Wang Q, Chen L, Yang Y. Discovery of Novel and Highly Potent Inhibitors of SARS CoV-2 Papain-Like Protease Through Structure-Based Pharmacophore Modeling, Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, and Biological Evaluation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:817715. [PMID: 35264955 PMCID: PMC8899470 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.817715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: COVID-19 has struck our society as a great calamity, and the need for effective anti-viral drugs is more urgent than ever. Papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS CoV-2 plays important roles in virus maturation, dysregulation of host inflammation, and antiviral immune responses, which is being regarded as a promising druggable target for the treatment of COVID-19. Here, we carried out a combined screening approach to identify novel and highly potent PLpro inhibitors for the treatment of COVID-19. Methods: We used a combined screening approach of structure-based pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking to screen an in-house database containing 35,000 compounds. SARS CoV-2 PLpro inhibition assay was used to carry out the biological evaluation of hit compounds. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to check the stability of the PLpro-hit complexes predicted by molecular docking. Results: We found that four hit compounds showed excellent inhibitory activities against PLpro with IC50 values ranging from 0.6 to 2.4 μM. Among them, the most promising compound, hit 2 is the best PLpro inhibitor and its inhibitory activity was about 4 times higher than that of the positive control (GRL0617). The study of MD simulations indicated that four hits could bind stably to the active site of PLpro. Further study of interaction analysis indicated that hit 2 could form hydrogen-bond interactions with the key amino acids such as Gln269 and Asp164 in the PLpro-active site. Conclusion: Hit 2 is a novel and highly potent PLpro inhibitor, which will open the way for the development of clinical PLpro inhibitors for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Quanfeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital to TMMU, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodan Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
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2
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Hu Y, Pan Q, Zhou K, Ling Y, Wang H, Li Y. RUNX1 inhibits the antiviral immune response against influenza A virus through attenuating type I interferon signaling. Virol J 2022; 19:39. [PMID: 35248104 PMCID: PMC8897766 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are zoonotic, segmented negative-stranded RNA viruses. The rapid mutation of IAVs results in host immune response escape and antiviral drug and vaccine resistance. RUNX1 is a transcription factor that not only plays essential roles in hematopoiesis, but also functions as a regulator in inflammation. However, its role in the innate immunity to IAV infection has not been well studied. Methods To investigate the effects of RUNX1 on IAV infection and explore the mechanisms that RUNX1 uses during IAV infection. We infected the human alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) with influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) (PR8) and examined RUNX1 expression by Western blot and qRT-PCR. We also knocked down or overexpressed RUNX1 in A549 cells, then evaluated viral replication by Western blot, qRT-PCR, and viral titration. Results We found RUNX1 expression is induced by IAV H1N1 PR8 infection, but not by poly(I:C) treatment, in the human alveolar epithelial cell line A549. Knockdown of RUNX1 significantly inhibited IAV infection. Conversely, overexpression of RUNX1 efficiently promoted production of progeny viruses. Additionally, RUNX1 knockdown increased IFN-β and ISGs production while RUNX1 overexpression compromised IFN-β and ISGs production upon PR8 infection in A549 cells. We further showed that RUNX1 may attenuate the interferon signaling transduction by hampering the expression of IRF3 and STAT1 during IAV infection. Conclusions Taken together, we found RUNX1 attenuates type I interferon signaling to facilitate IAV infection in A549 cells.
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3
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Ahmed SM, Nasr MA, Elshenawy SE, Hussein AE, El-Betar AH, Mohamed RH, El-Badri N. BCG vaccination and the risk of COVID 19: A possible correlation. Virology 2022; 565:73-81. [PMID: 34742127 PMCID: PMC8552046 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is currently used to prevent tuberculosis infection. The vaccine was found to enhance resistance to certain types of infection including positive sense RNA viruses. The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by positive sense RNA, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A higher mortality rate of COVID-19 patients was reported in countries where BCG vaccination is not routinely administered, when compared to the vaccinated ones. We hypothesized that BCG vaccine may control SARS-CoV2 infection via modulating the monocyte immune response. We analyzed GSE104149 dataset to investigate whether human monocytes of BCG-vaccinated individuals acquire resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Differentially expressed genes obtained from the dataset were used to determine enriched pathways, biological processes, and molecular functions for monocytes post BCG vaccination. Our data show that BCG vaccine promotes a more effective immune response of monocytes against SARS-CoV2, but probably not sufficient to prevent the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Ahmed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 12582, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Nasr
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 12582, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shimaa E Elshenawy
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 12582, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alaa E Hussein
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 12582, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H El-Betar
- Department of Urology, Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 12582, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
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4
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Evasion of the Host Immune Response by Betaherpesviruses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147503. [PMID: 34299120 PMCID: PMC8306455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immune system boasts a diverse array of strategies for recognizing and eradicating invading pathogens. Human betaherpesviruses, a highly prevalent subfamily of viruses, include human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus (HHV) 6A, HHV-6B, and HHV-7. These viruses have evolved numerous mechanisms for evading the host response. In this review, we will highlight the complex interplay between betaherpesviruses and the human immune response, focusing on protein function. We will explore methods by which the immune system first responds to betaherpesvirus infection as well as mechanisms by which viruses subvert normal cellular functions to evade the immune system and facilitate viral latency, persistence, and reactivation. Lastly, we will briefly discuss recent advances in vaccine technology targeting betaherpesviruses. This review aims to further elucidate the dynamic interactions between betaherpesviruses and the human immune system.
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5
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Mathieu NA, Paparisto E, Barr SD, Spratt DE. HERC5 and the ISGylation Pathway: Critical Modulators of the Antiviral Immune Response. Viruses 2021; 13:1102. [PMID: 34207696 PMCID: PMC8228270 DOI: 10.3390/v13061102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells have developed an elaborate network of immunoproteins that serve to identify and combat viral pathogens. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a 15.2 kDa tandem ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) that is used by specific E1-E2-E3 ubiquitin cascade enzymes to interfere with the activity of viral proteins. Recent biochemical studies have demonstrated how the E3 ligase HECT and RCC1-containing protein 5 (HERC5) regulates ISG15 signaling in response to hepatitis C (HCV), influenza-A (IAV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections. Taken together, the potent antiviral activity displayed by HERC5 and ISG15 make them promising drug targets for the development of novel antiviral therapeutics that can augment the host antiviral response. In this review, we examine the emerging role of ISG15 in antiviral immunity with a particular focus on how HERC5 orchestrates the specific and timely ISGylation of viral proteins in response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Mathieu
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610, USA;
| | - Ermela Paparisto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (E.P.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Stephen D. Barr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (E.P.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Donald E. Spratt
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, 950 Main St., Worcester, MA 01610, USA;
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Ilaprazole and other novel prazole-based compounds that bind Tsg101 inhibit viral budding of HSV-1/2 and HIV from cells. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00190-21. [PMID: 33731460 PMCID: PMC8139698 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00190-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In many enveloped virus families, including HIV and HSV, a crucial, yet unexploited, step in the viral life cycle is releasing particles from the infected cell membranes. This release process is mediated by host ESCRT complex proteins, which are recruited by viral structural proteins and provides the mechanical means for membrane scission and subsequent viral budding. The prazole drug, tenatoprazole, was previously shown to bind to ESCRT complex member Tsg101 and to quantitatively block the release of infectious HIV-1 from cells in culture. In this report we show that tenatoprazole and a related prazole drug, ilaprazole, effectively block infectious Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)-1/2 release from Vero cells in culture. By electron microscopy, we found that both prazole drugs block the transit of HSV particles through the cell nuclear membrane resulting in their accumulation in the nucleus. Ilaprazole also quantitatively blocks the release of HIV-1 from 293T cells with an EC50 of 0.8-1.2 μM, which is much more potent than tenatoprazole. Our results indicate that prazole-based compounds may represent a class of drugs with potential to be broad-spectrum antiviral agents against multiple enveloped viruses, by interrupting cellular Tsg101 interaction with maturing virus, thus blocking the budding process that releases particles from the cell.ImportanceThese results provide the basis for the development of drugs that target enveloped virus budding that can be used ultimately to control multiple virus infections in humans.
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7
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Chelbi-Alix MK, Thibault P. Crosstalk Between SUMO and Ubiquitin-Like Proteins: Implication for Antiviral Defense. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671067. [PMID: 33968942 PMCID: PMC8097047 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) is a crucial first line of defense against viral infection. This cytokine induces the expression of several IFN-Stimulated Genes (ISGs), some of which act as restriction factors. Upon IFN stimulation, cells also express ISG15 and SUMO, two key ubiquitin-like (Ubl) modifiers that play important roles in the antiviral response. IFN itself increases the global cellular SUMOylation in a PML-dependent manner. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics enables the large-scale identification of Ubl protein conjugates to determine the sites of modification and the quantitative changes in protein abundance. Importantly, a key difference amongst SUMO paralogs is the ability of SUMO2/3 to form poly-SUMO chains that recruit SUMO ubiquitin ligases such RING finger protein RNF4 and RNF111, thus resulting in the proteasomal degradation of conjugated substrates. Crosstalk between poly-SUMOylation and ISG15 has been reported recently, where increased poly-SUMOylation in response to IFN enhances IFN-induced ISGylation, stabilizes several ISG products in a TRIM25-dependent fashion, and results in enhanced IFN-induced antiviral activities. This contribution will highlight the relevance of the global SUMO proteome and the crosstalk between SUMO, ubiquitin and ISG15 in controlling both the stability and function of specific restriction factors that mediate IFN antiviral defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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8
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Wang L, Ning S. TRIMming Type I Interferon-Mediated Innate Immune Response in Antiviral and Antitumor Defense. Viruses 2021; 13:279. [PMID: 33670221 PMCID: PMC7916971 DOI: 10.3390/v13020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) family comprises at least 80 members in humans, with most having ubiquitin or SUMO E3 ligase activity conferred by their N-terminal RING domain. TRIMs regulate a wide range of processes in ubiquitination- or sumoylation-dependent manners in most cases, and fewer as adaptors. Their roles in the regulation of viral infections, autophagy, cell cycle progression, DNA damage and other stress responses, and carcinogenesis are being increasingly appreciated, and their E3 ligase activities are attractive targets for developing specific immunotherapeutic strategies for immune diseases and cancers. Given their importance in antiviral immune response, viruses have evolved sophisticated immune escape strategies to subvert TRIM-mediated mechanisms. In this review, we focus on their regulation of IFN-I-mediated innate immune response, which plays key roles in antiviral and antitumor defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA;
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Shunbin Ning
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA;
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
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9
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Abstract
The WW domain is a modular protein structure that recognizes the proline-rich Pro-Pro-x-Tyr (PPxY) motif contained in specific target proteins. The compact modular nature of the WW domain makes it ideal for mediating interactions between proteins in complex networks and signaling pathways of the cell (e.g. the Hippo pathway). As a result, WW domains play key roles in a plethora of both normal and disease processes. Intriguingly, RNA and DNA viruses have evolved strategies to hijack cellular WW domain-containing proteins and thereby exploit the modular functions of these host proteins for various steps of the virus life cycle, including entry, replication, and egress. In this review, we summarize key findings in this rapidly expanding field, in which new virus-host interactions continue to be identified. Further unraveling of the molecular aspects of these crucial virus-host interactions will continue to enhance our fundamental understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of these viruses. We anticipate that additional insights into these interactions will help support strategies to develop a new class of small-molecule inhibitors of viral PPxY-host WW-domain interactions that could be used as antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Shepley-McTaggart
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671.,Department of Biological Sciences (DBS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077.,Center for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Marius Sudol
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077.,Laboratory of Cancer Signaling and Domainopathies, Yong Loo Li School of Medicine, Block MD9, 2 Medical Drive #04-01, Singapore 117597.,Mechanobiology Institute, T-Lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Ronald N Harty
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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10
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El-Asmi F, McManus FP, Brantis-de-Carvalho CE, Valle-Casuso JC, Thibault P, Chelbi-Alix MK. Cross-talk between SUMOylation and ISGylation in response to interferon. Cytokine 2020; 129:155025. [PMID: 32044670 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) plays a central role in regulating host immune response to viral pathogens through the induction of IFN-Stimulated Genes (ISGs). IFN also enhances cellular SUMOylation and ISGylation, though the functional interplay between these modifications remains unclear. Here, we used a system-level approach to profile global changes in protein abundance in SUMO3-expressing cells stimulated by IFNα. These analyses revealed the stabilization of several ISG factors including SAMHD1, MxB, GBP1, GBP5, Tetherin/BST2 and members of IFITM, IFIT and IFI families. This process was correlated with enhanced IFNα-induced anti-HIV-1 and HSV-1 activities. Also IFNα upregulated protein ISGylation through increased abundance of E2 conjugating enzyme UBE2L6, and E3 ISG15 ligases TRIM25 and HERC5. Remarkably, TRIM25 depletion blocked SUMO3-dependent protein stabilization in response to IFNα. Our data identify a new mechanism by which SUMO3 regulates ISG product stability and reinforces the relevance of the SUMO pathway in controlling both the expression and functions of the restriction factors and IFN antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten El-Asmi
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Thibault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Québec, Canada; University of Montréal, Department of Chemistry, Québec, Canada.
| | - Mounira K Chelbi-Alix
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
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11
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Pérez Berrocal DA, Witting KF, Ovaa H, Mulder MPC. Hybrid Chains: A Collaboration of Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Modifiers Introducing Cross-Functionality to the Ubiquitin Code. Front Chem 2020; 7:931. [PMID: 32039151 PMCID: PMC6987259 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ubiquitin CODE constitutes a unique post-translational modification language relying on the covalent attachment of Ubiquitin (Ub) to substrates, with Ub serving as the minimum entity to generate a message that is translated into different cellular pathways. The creation of this message is brought about by the dedicated action of writers, erasers, and readers of the Ubiquitin CODE. This CODE is greatly expanded through the generation of polyUb chains of different architectures on substrates thus regulating their fate. Through additional post-translational modification by Ub-like proteins (UbL), hybrid Ub/UbL chains, which either alter the originally encrypted message or encode a completely new one, are formed. Hybrid Ub/UbL chains are generated under both stress or physiological conditions and seem to confer improved specificity and affinity toward their cognate receptors. In such a manner, their formation must play a specific, yet still undefined role in cellular signaling and thus understanding the UbCODE message is crucial. Here, we discuss the evidence for the existence of hybrid Ub/UbL chains in addition to the current understanding of its biology. The modification of Ub by another UbL complicates the deciphering of the spatial and temporal order of events warranting the development of a hybrid chain toolbox. We discuss this unmet need and expand upon the creation of tailored tools adapted from our previously established toolkit for the Ubiquitin Proteasome System to specifically target these hybrid Ub/UbL chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Pérez Berrocal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Katharina F Witting
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Monique P C Mulder
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
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12
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Pang F, Wang X, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Wang C, Yang X, An Q, Du L, Wang F. Integrated Analysis of Differentially Expressed miRNAs and mRNAs in Goat Skin Fibroblast Cells in Response to Orf Virus Infection Reveals That cfa-let-7a Regulates Thrombospondin 1 Expression. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010118. [PMID: 31963559 PMCID: PMC7019303 DOI: 10.3390/v12010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf is a zoonotic disease that has caused huge economic losses globally. Systematical analysis of dysregulated cellular micro RNAs (miRNAs) in response to Orf virus (ORFV) infection has not been reported. In the current study, miRNA sequencing and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were performed in goat skin fibroblast (GSF) cells at 0, 18, and 30 h post infection (h.p.i). We identified 140 and 221 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs at 18 and 30 h.p.i, respectively. We also identified 729 and 3961 DE genes (DEGs) at 18 and 30 h.p.i, respectively. GO enrichment analysis indicates enrichment of apoptotic regulation, defense response to virus, immune response, and inflammatory response at both time points. DE miRNAs and DEGs with reverse expression were used to construct miRNA-gene networks. Seven DE miRNAs and seven DEGs related to "negative regulation of viral genome replication" were identified. These were validated by RT-qPCR. Cfa-let-7a, a significantly upregulated miRNA, was found to repress Thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) mRNA and protein expression by directly targeting the THBS1 3' untranslated region. THBS1 has been reported to induce apoptosis; therefore, the cfa-let-7a-THBS1 axis may play an important role in cellular apoptosis during ORFV infection. This study provides new insights into ORFV and host cell interaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Haikou 570228, China; (F.P.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Y.); (Q.A.); (L.D.)
| | - Xinying Wang
- Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, 550003, China;
| | - Zhen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Haikou 570228, China; (F.P.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Y.); (Q.A.); (L.D.)
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Haikou 570228, China; (F.P.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Y.); (Q.A.); (L.D.)
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Haikou 570228, China; (F.P.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Y.); (Q.A.); (L.D.)
| | - Chengqiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Haikou 570228, China; (F.P.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Y.); (Q.A.); (L.D.)
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Haikou 570228, China; (F.P.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Y.); (Q.A.); (L.D.)
| | - Qi An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Haikou 570228, China; (F.P.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Y.); (Q.A.); (L.D.)
| | - Li Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Haikou 570228, China; (F.P.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Y.); (Q.A.); (L.D.)
| | - Fengyang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Haikou 570228, China; (F.P.); (Z.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Y.); (Q.A.); (L.D.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Li Z, Yao F, Xue G, Xu Y, Niu J, Cui M, Wang H, Wu S, Lu A, Zhong J, Meng G. Antiviral effects of simeprevir on multiple viruses. Antiviral Res 2019; 172:104607. [PMID: 31563599 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Simeprevir was developed as a small molecular drug targeting the NS3/4A protease of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Unexpectedly, our current work discovered that Simeprevir effectively promoted the transcription of IFN-β and ISG15, inhibited the infection of host cells by multiple viruses including Zika virus (ZIKV), Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), as well as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). However, the inhibitory effects of Simeprevir on ZIKV, EV-A71 and HSV-1 were independent from IFN-β and ISG15. This study thus demonstrates that the application of Simeprevir can be extended to other viruses besides HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Fujia Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Guang Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yongfen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Junling Niu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shuxian Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ailing Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China; Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Guangxun Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.
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14
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Jiang QX. Structural Variability in the RLR-MAVS Pathway and Sensitive Detection of Viral RNAs. Med Chem 2019; 15:443-458. [PMID: 30569868 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666181219101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cells need high-sensitivity detection of non-self molecules in order to fight against pathogens. These cellular sensors are thus of significant importance to medicinal purposes, especially for treating novel emerging pathogens. RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are intracellular sensors for viral RNAs (vRNAs). Their active forms activate mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and trigger downstream immune responses against viral infection. Functional and structural studies of the RLR-MAVS signaling pathway have revealed significant supramolecular variability in the past few years, which revealed different aspects of the functional signaling pathway. Here I will discuss the molecular events of RLR-MAVS pathway from the angle of detecting single copy or a very low copy number of vRNAs in the presence of non-specific competition from cytosolic RNAs, and review key structural variability in the RLR / vRNA complexes, the MAVS helical polymers, and the adapter-mediated interactions between the active RLR / vRNA complex and the inactive MAVS in triggering the initiation of the MAVS filaments. These structural variations may not be exclusive to each other, but instead may reflect the adaptation of the signaling pathways to different conditions or reach different levels of sensitivity in its response to exogenous vRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Xing Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
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15
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Shen B, Wei K, Guo S, Liu C, Zhang J. Molecular characterization and expression analyses of two homologues of interferon-stimulated gene ISG15 in Larimichthys crocea (Family: Sciaenidae). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:846-857. [PMID: 30576775 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we sequenced and characterized two homologues of interferon-stimulated gene ISG15, termed as LcISG15-1 and LcISG15-2, from the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The LcISG15-1 encodes 159 amino acids and the LcISG15-2 encodes 155 amino acids, both of which contain two tandem ubiquitin-like domains and the conserved C-terminal LRGG conjugation motif. The sequence analyses showed that both the LcISG15-1 and LcISG15-2 exhibit high similarity with ISG15 from other fishes. A putative IFN-stimulatory response element (ISRE) was detected in promoter regions of both the LcISG15-1 and LcISG15-2. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a close evolutionary relationship of both the LcISG15-1 and LcISG15-2 with other teleostean ISG15. Molecular evolutionary analyses suggested a gene duplication event of ISG15 in the ancestor of the Sciaenidae, with a signature of positive selection was found in the ISG15-2 gene copy of sciaenid fishes. The Real-time PCR analyses showed that the LcISG15-1 and LcISG15-2 were both found to be ubiquitously expressed in ten examined organs in large yellow croaker, with predominant expressions both in peripheral blood. Expression analyses showed that both the LcISG15-1 and LcISG15-2 were rapidly and significantly upregulated in vivo after poly (I:C) challenge in liver and spleen organs. However, the LcISG15-1 and LcISG15-2 were both significantly induced after pathogen Vibrio parahemolyticus infection only in the liver but not in the spleen. These results indicated that there are two ISG15 homologues in the large yellow croaker, both of which are likely to be involved in host immune defense against viral and bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China.
| | - Ke Wei
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Shaoyu Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China.
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16
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Lata S, Mishra R, Banerjea AC. Proteasomal Degradation Machinery: Favorite Target of HIV-1 Proteins. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2738. [PMID: 30524389 PMCID: PMC6262318 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasomal degradation pathways play a central role in regulating a variety of protein functions by controlling not only their turnover but also the physiological behavior of the cell. This makes it an attractive target for the pathogens, especially viruses which rely on the host cellular machinery for their propagation and pathogenesis. Viruses have evolutionarily developed various strategies to manipulate the host proteasomal machinery thereby creating a cellular environment favorable for their own survival and replication. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is one of the most dreadful viruses which has rapidly spread throughout the world and caused high mortality due to its high evolution rate. Here, we review the various mechanisms adopted by HIV-1 to exploit the cellular proteasomal machinery in order to escape the host restriction factors and components of host immune system for supporting its own multiplication, and successfully created an infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Lata
- Virology Lab II, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Mishra
- Virology Lab II, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Akhil C Banerjea
- Virology Lab II, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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17
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Selection and validation of suitable reference genes for qPCR gene expression analysis in goats and sheep under Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), lineage IV infection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15969. [PMID: 30374051 PMCID: PMC6206032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of suitable candidate reference genes is an important prerequisite for validating the gene expression data obtained from downstream analysis of RNA sequencing using quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Though existence of a universal reference gene is myth, commonly used reference genes can be assessed for expression stability to confer their suitability to be used as candidate reference genes in gene expression studies. In this study, we evaluated the expression stability of ten most commonly used reference genes (GAPDH, ACTB, HSP90, HMBS, 18S rRNA, B2M, POLR2A, HPRT1, ACAC, YWHAZ) in fourteen different Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) infected tissues of goats and sheep. RefFinder and RankAggreg software were used to deduce comprehensive ranking of reference genes. Our results suggested HMBS and B2M in goats and HMBS and HPRT1 in sheep can be used as suitable endogenous controls in gene expression studies of PPRV infection irrespective of tissues and condition as a whole, thus eliminating the use of tissue specific/ condition specific endogenous controls. We report for the first time suitable reference genes for gene expression studies in PPRV infected tissues. The reference genes determined here can be useful for future studies on gene expression in sheep and goat infected with PPRV, thus saving extra efforts and time of repeating the reference gene determination and validation.
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18
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Hoan NX, Van Tong H, Giang DP, Toan NL, Meyer CG, Bock CT, Kremsner PG, Song LH, Velavan TP. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 in hepatitis B-related liver diseases. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67777-67787. [PMID: 27626177 PMCID: PMC5356518 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the association of Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) polymorphisms, ISG15 serum levels and expression with HBV-related liver diseases. The ISG15 promoter and the two exons of the gene were screened for polymorphisms in 766 HBV-infected patients and in 223 controls. Soluble ISG15 levels were measured by ELISA. ISG15 mRNA expression was quantified by qRT-PCR in 36 tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues. The exon 2 allele rs1921A was found associated with decreased progression of HBV-related liver diseases (LC vs. CHB: OR = 0.6, 95%CI = 0.4-0.8, adjusted P = 0.003; HCC vs. CHB: OR = 0.6, 95%CI = 0.4-0.9, adjusted P = 0.005). The rs1921AA genotype was associated with low levels of AST, ALT and total bilirubin, but with high prothrombin levels (P < 0.05). ISG15 serum levels were higher among HBV patients compared to controls (P < 0.0001) and positively associated with HBV-related liver diseases, with highest levels among LC patients. ISG15 levels were correlated with HBV-DNA loads (P = 0.001). In non-tumor tissues from HCC patients, ISG15 mRNA expression was increased in HBV compared to non-HBV infection (P = 0.016). The ISG15 rs1921 variant and ISG15 expression are associated with HBV-related liver diseases. Taken together, ISG15 appears to be a proviral factor involved in HBV replication and triggering progression of HBV-related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghiem Xuan Hoan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Van Tong
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dao Phuong Giang
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Linh Toan
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - C-Thomas Bock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Huu Song
- 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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19
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Kim KH, Yang IJ, Kim WJ, Park CJ, Park JW, Noh GE, Lee S, Lee YM, Hwang HK, Kim HC. Expression Analysis of Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 in the Rock Bream Oplegnathus fasciatus against Rock Bream Iridovirus (RSIV) Challenge. Dev Reprod 2018; 21:371-378. [PMID: 29354783 PMCID: PMC5769131 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2017.21.4.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is known to interfere with viral
replication and infection by limiting the viral infection of cells.
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) interferes with viral replication and
infectivity by limiting viral infection in cells. It also plays an important
role in the immune response. In this study, tissue-specific expression of ISG15
in healthy rock bream samples and spatial and temporal expression analysis of
rock bream ISG15 (RbISG15) were performed following rock bream iridovirus (RSIV)
infection. RbISG15 expression was significantly higher in the eye, gill,
intestine, kidney, liver, muscle, spleen, and stomach, but low in the brain.
There were particularly high levels of expression in the liver and muscle.
RbISG15 expression was also examined in several tissues and at various times
following RSIV infection. ISG15 expression increased within 3 h in the whole
body and decreased at 24 h after infection. In addition, temporal expression of
several tissues following RSIV infection showed a similar pattern in the muscle,
kidney, and spleen, increasing at 3 h and decreasing at 72 h. These results
suggest that ISG15 plays an important role in the immune response of rock bream.
Overall, this study characterizes the response of RbISG15 following RSIV
infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jung Yang
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Choul-Ji Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Park
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Eon Noh
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyung Lee
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mee Lee
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Kyu Hwang
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Kim
- Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Geoje 53334, Republic of Korea
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20
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Li XQ, Li XN, Liang JJ, Cai XB, Tao Q, Li YX, Qin Q, Xu SP, Luo TR. IRF1 up-regulates isg15 gene expression in dsRNA stimulation or CSFV infection by targeting nucleotides -487 to -325 in the 5' flanking region. Mol Immunol 2018; 94:153-165. [PMID: 29324236 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) encodes a ubiquitin-like protein that is heavily involved in immune response elicitation. As an important member of interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, IRF1 can activate the expression of multiple genes, including the human optineurin gene (Sudhakar et al., 2013). In this study, a sequence in the promoter region of the optineurin gene was compared to the 5' flanking region of the porcine isg15 gene. Porcine IRF1 also possesses antiviral activity against several swine viruses (Li et al., 2015), but the mechanism is not well understood. Herein, we report that porcine IRF1 and ISG15 were up-regulated in porcine kidney (PK-15) cells following stimulation with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection. We also found that siRNA-mediated knockdown of IRF1 expression resulted in lower ISG15 expression in response to polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] or CSFV infection. The overexpression of IRF1 resulted in ISG15 up-regulation. IRF1 was shown to translocate to the nucleus in response to dsRNA stimulation. To further identify the functional domain of the isg15 gene that promotes IRF1 transcriptional activity, firefly luciferase and ISG15 reporter systems were constructed. The results of the firefly luciferase and ISG15 reporter assay suggested that IRF1 mediates the up-regulation of ISG15. Nucleotides -487 to -325, located in the 5' flanking region of the isg15 gene, constituted the promoter region of IRF1. ChIP assay indicated that IRF1 protein was able to interact with the DNA in the 5'fr of isg15 gene in cells. As an innate immune response protein with broad-spectrum antiviral activity, the up-regulation of ISG15 mediated by IRF1 in porcine cells is reported for the first time. These results warrant further investigation into the antiviral activity of porcine IRF1 against reported swine viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing-Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin-Bin Cai
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Qian Tao
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Li
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Qing Qin
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Su-Ping Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting Rong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China.
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21
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Baldanta S, Fernández-Escobar M, Acín-Perez R, Albert M, Camafeita E, Jorge I, Vázquez J, Enríquez JA, Guerra S. ISG15 governs mitochondrial function in macrophages following vaccinia virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006651. [PMID: 29077752 PMCID: PMC5659798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) encodes one of the most abundant proteins induced by interferon, and its expression is associated with antiviral immunity. To identify protein components implicated in IFN and ISG15 signaling, we compared the proteomes of ISG15-/- and ISG15+/+ bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) after vaccinia virus (VACV) infection. The results of this analysis revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) were pathways altered in ISG15-/- BMDM treated with IFN. Mitochondrial respiration, Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was higher in ISG15+/+ BMDM than in ISG15-/- BMDM following IFN treatment, indicating the involvement of ISG15-dependent mechanisms. An additional consequence of ISG15 depletion was a significant change in macrophage polarization. Although infected ISG15-/- macrophages showed a robust proinflammatory cytokine expression pattern typical of an M1 phenotype, a clear blockade of nitric oxide (NO) production and arginase-1 activation was detected. Accordingly, following IFN treatment, NO release was higher in ISG15+/+ macrophages than in ISG15-/- macrophages concomitant with a decrease in viral titer. Thus, ISG15-/- macrophages were permissive for VACV replication following IFN treatment. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that ISG15 governs the dynamic functionality of mitochondria, specifically, OXPHOS and mitophagy, broadening its physiological role as an antiviral agent. Protein modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins is a key regulatory process of the innate and adaptive immune response. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 product (ISG15) is an ubiquitin-like protein modifier that can reversibly attach to different viral and cellular proteins, mediating potent antiviral responses. In turn, many viruses, including poxviruses, have evolved strategies to antagonize the antiviral and inflammatory effects of the innate immune response in order to keep infected cells alive until virus replication is complete. Here, we describe a novel role for ISG15 in the control of mitochondrial function. Post-translational modifications such as ISGylation regulate essential mitochondrial processes including respiration and mitophagy, and influence macrophage innate immunity signaling. These findings are clinically relevant since mitochondrial dysfunction is seen in many pathologies, such as infectious disease, cancer, and cardiovascular or neurological disorders, among others, underscoring the importance of the relationship between cellular metabolism and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Baldanta
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rebeca Acín-Perez
- Functional Genetics of the Oxidative Phosphorylation System, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III; Madrid (SPAIN)
| | - Manuel Albert
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Camafeita
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid (SPAIN)
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Madrid (SPAIN)
| | - Inmaculada Jorge
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid (SPAIN)
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Madrid (SPAIN)
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid (SPAIN)
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) and CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Madrid (SPAIN)
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Functional Genetics of the Oxidative Phosphorylation System, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III; Madrid (SPAIN)
| | - Susana Guerra
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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22
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Ubiquitin Ligase WWP1 Interacts with Ebola Virus VP40 To Regulate Egress. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00812-17. [PMID: 28768865 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00812-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a member of the Filoviridae family and the cause of hemorrhagic fever outbreaks. The EBOV VP40 (eVP40) matrix protein is the main driving force for virion assembly and budding. Indeed, expression of eVP40 alone in mammalian cells results in the formation and budding of virus-like particles (VLPs) which mimic the budding process and morphology of authentic, infectious EBOV. To complete the budding process, eVP40 utilizes its PPXY L-domain motif to recruit a specific subset of host proteins containing one or more modular WW domains that then function to facilitate efficient production and release of eVP40 VLPs. In this report, we identified additional host WW-domain interactors by screening for potential interactions between mammalian proteins possessing one or more WW domains and WT or PPXY mutant peptides of eVP40. We identified the HECT family E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP1 and all four of its WW domains as strong interactors with the PPXY motif of eVP40. The eVP40-WWP1 interaction was confirmed by both peptide pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays, which also demonstrated that modular WW domain 1 of WWP1 was most critical for binding to eVP40. Importantly, the eVP40-WWP1 interaction was found to be biologically relevant for VLP budding since (i) small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of endogenous WWP1 resulted in inhibition of eVP40 VLP egress, (ii) coexpression of WWP1 and eVP40 resulted in ubiquitination of eVP40 and a subsequent increase in eVP40 VLP egress, and (iii) an enzymatically inactive mutant of WWP1 (C890A) did not ubiquitinate eVP40 or enhance eVP40 VLP egress. Last, our data show that ubiquitination of eVP40 by WWP1 enhances egress of VLPs and concomitantly decreases cellular levels of higher-molecular-weight oligomers of eVP40. In sum, these findings contribute to our fundamental understanding of the functional interplay between host E3 ligases, ubiquitination, and regulation of EBOV VP40-mediated egress.IMPORTANCE Ebola virus (EBOV) is a high-priority, emerging human pathogen that can cause severe outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates. As there are currently no approved vaccines or treatments for EBOV, a better understanding of the biology and functions of EBOV-host interactions that promote or inhibit viral budding is warranted. Here, we describe a physical and functional interaction between EBOV VP40 (eVP40) and WWP1, a host E3 ubiquitin ligase that ubiquitinates VP40 and regulates VLP egress. This viral PPXY-host WW domain-mediated interaction represents a potential new target for host-oriented inhibitors of EBOV egress.
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Dong C, Gao N, Ross BX, Yu FSX. ISG15 in Host Defense Against Candida albicans Infection in a Mouse Model of Fungal Keratitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:2948-2958. [PMID: 28599020 PMCID: PMC5469425 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose ISG15, a di-ubiquitin-like protein, is critical for controlling certain viral and bacterial infections. We sought to determine if ISG15 plays a role in corneal innate immunity against Candida albicans (C. albicans) using a C57BL/6 (B6) mouse model of human fungal keratitis. Methods Scarified corneas of adult B6 mice were pretreated with TLR5 ligand flagellin and then inoculated with C. albicans. The expression of ISG15 and other genes involved in ISG15 conjugation (ISGylation) was determined by real-time PCR. ISG15 expression and distribution in infected corneas were assessed by immunohistochemistry. ISGylation was examined by Western blotting. siRNA knockdown and recombinant ISG15 were used to elucidate the effects of ISG15 on controlling fungal keratitis by clinical scoring, fungal number plate counting, ELISA cytokine determination, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) infiltration measurement. Results Heat-killed C. albicans induced expression of ISG15, and hBD2 was markedly enhanced by flagellin-pretreatment in cultured human primary corneal epithelial cells (CECs). In vivo, C. albicans infection induced the expression of ISG15, ISGylation-associated genes (UBE1L, UBCH8, and HERC5), and ISGylation in mouse CECs, all of which were enhanced by flagellin-pretreatment. siRNA knockdown of ISG15 increased keratitis severity, dampened flagellin-induced protection, and greatly suppressed the expressions of ISGylation enzymes, IFN-γ, but not CXCL2 in B6 mouse CECs. Recombinant ISG15, on the other hand, enhanced corneal innate immunity against C. albicans and suppressed infection-induced IL-1β, but not IL-Ra expression. ISG15 alone induced the expression of IL-1Ra, CXCL10, and CRAMP in mouse CECs. ISG15 was upregulated and secreted in cultured human CECs in response to challenge in a type 1 IFN-dependent manner. Conclusions Our data, for the first time, demonstrate that ISG15 acts as an immunomodulator in the cornea and plays a critical role in controlling fungal keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States 2College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Bing X Ross
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Fu-Shin X Yu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
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Miller KD, Rall GF. What Kaplan-Meier survival curves don't tell us about CNS disease. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 308:25-29. [PMID: 28187911 PMCID: PMC5474346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system consequences of viral infections are rare, but when they do occur, they are often serious and clinically challenging to manage. Our awareness of the perils of neuroinvasion by viruses is growing: the recently appreciated impact of Ebola and Zika virus infections on CNS integrity, decreases in vaccination coverage for potentially neurotropic viruses such as measles, and increased neurovirulence of some influenza strains collectively highlight the need for a better understanding of the viral-neural interaction. Defining these interactions and how they result in neuropathogenesis is paramount for the development of better clinical strategies, especially given the limited treatment options that are available due to the unique physiology of the brain that limits migration of blood-borne molecules into the CNS parenchyma. In this perspective, we discuss some unique aspects of neuronal viral infections and immune-mediated control that impact the pathogenic outcomes of these infections. Further, we draw attention to an often overlooked aspect of neuropathogenesis research: that lack of overt disease, which is often equated with survival post-infection, likely only scratches the surface of the myriad ways by which neurotropic infections can impair CNS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn D Miller
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Program in Blood Cell Development and Function, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Glenn F Rall
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Program in Blood Cell Development and Function, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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25
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Tecalco Cruz AC, Mejía-Barreto K. Cell type-dependent regulation of free ISG15 levels and ISGylation. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 11:127-135. [PMID: 28285335 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is an ubiquitin-like protein, which can either be found as a free protein or covalently-bound to target proteins via ISGylation. The functions of free and conjugated ISG15 are ambiguous in tumorigenesis owing to its roles as an oncogene and a tumour suppressor gene. This dual role for ISG15 could be a result of the cancer cell type and the cellular context. Here, we report that ISG15 expression is upregulated in different cancer cells compared to normal cells. Furthermore, we found higher endogenous, free ISG15 protein levels in MCF7 breast cancer cells than in other cells, suggesting that non-conjugated ISG15 levels are cell type-specific. Additionally, we demonstrated that interferon gamma (IFN-Ɣ) increased both free and conjugated levels of ISG15 in MCF7 cells. Interestingly, endogenous conjugated and free ISG15 levels were differentially regulated by IFN-Ɣ in several cell lines. On characterisation of the subcellular distribution of ISG15 in several cell types, our results indicated that free ISG15 was mainly localised to the cytoplasm of MCF7 cells, whereas ISGylation marks were also found in the cytoplasm, but mainly in the nucleus, with a specific distribution pattern in each cell type. Thus, free and conjugated ISG15 protein levels and their subcellular distribution are cell type-dependent, whereas IFN-Ɣ signalling may differentially control the abundance of both ISG15 forms in transformed and normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C Tecalco Cruz
- Programa de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Karen Mejía-Barreto
- Programa de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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26
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Comparative and temporal transcriptome analysis of peste des petits ruminants virus infected goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Virus Res 2017; 229:28-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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ITCH E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Interacts with Ebola Virus VP40 To Regulate Budding. J Virol 2016; 90:9163-71. [PMID: 27489272 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01078-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) belong to the Filoviridae family and can cause outbreaks of severe hemorrhagic fever, with high mortality rates in humans. The EBOV VP40 (eVP40) and MARV VP40 (mVP40) matrix proteins play a central role in virion assembly and egress, such that independent expression of VP40 leads to the production and egress of virus-like particles (VLPs) that accurately mimic the budding of infectious virus. Late (L) budding domains of eVP40 recruit host proteins (e.g., Tsg101, Nedd4, and Alix) that are important for efficient virus egress and spread. For example, the PPxY-type L domain of eVP40 and mVP40 recruits the host Nedd4 E3 ubiquitin ligase via its WW domains to facilitate budding. Here we sought to identify additional WW domain host interactors and demonstrate that the PPxY L domain motif of eVP40 interacts specifically with the WW domain of the host E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH. ITCH, like Nedd4, is a member of the HECT class of E3 ubiquitin ligases, and the resultant physical and functional interaction with eVP40 facilitates VLP and virus budding. Identification of this novel eVP40 interactor highlights the functional interplay between cellular E3 ligases, ubiquitination, and regulation of VP40-mediated egress. IMPORTANCE The unprecedented magnitude and scope of the recent 2014-2015 EBOV outbreak in West Africa and its emergence here in the United States and other countries underscore the critical need for a better understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of this emerging pathogen. We have identified a novel and functional EBOV VP40 interactor, ITCH, that regulates VP40-mediated egress. This virus-host interaction may represent a new target for our previously identified small-molecule inhibitors of virus egress.
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Arnold N, Girke T, Sureshchandra S, Nguyen C, Rais M, Messaoudi I. Genomic and functional analysis of the host response to acute simian varicella infection in the lung. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34164. [PMID: 27677639 PMCID: PMC5039758 DOI: 10.1038/srep34164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) is the causative agent of varicella and herpes zoster. Although it is well established that VZV is transmitted via the respiratory route, the host-pathogen interactions during acute VZV infection in the lungs remain poorly understood due to limited access to clinical samples. To address these gaps in our knowledge, we leveraged a nonhuman primate model of VZV infection where rhesus macaques are intrabronchially challenged with the closely related Simian Varicella Virus (SVV). Acute infection is characterized by immune infiltration of the lung airways, a significant up-regulation of genes involved in antiviral-immunity, and a down-regulation of genes involved in lung development. This is followed by a decrease in viral loads and increased expression of genes associated with cell cycle and tissue repair. These data provide the first characterization of the host response required to control varicella virus replication in the lung and provide insight into mechanisms by which VZV infection can cause lung injury in an immune competent host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Arnold
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, University of California-Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Girke
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California-Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Suhas Sureshchandra
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California-Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Christina Nguyen
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Maham Rais
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, University of California-Riverside, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California-Riverside, CA, USA
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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29
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Zhang Y, Tang J, Yang N, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Li N, Zhao Y, Li S, Liu S, Zhou H, Li X, Tian M, Deng J, Xie P, Sun Y, Lu H, Zhang MQ, Jin N, Jiang C. FAT10 Is Critical in Influenza A Virus Replication by Inhibiting Type I IFN. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:824-33. [PMID: 27354218 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The H5N1 avian influenza virus causes severe disease and high mortality, making it a major public health concern worldwide. The virus uses the host cellular machinery for several steps of its life cycle. In this report, we observed overexpression of the ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 following live H5N1 virus infection in BALB/c mice and in the human respiratory epithelial cell lines A549 and BEAS-2B. Further experiments demonstrated that FAT10 increased H5N1 virus replication and decreased the viability of infected cells. Total RNA extracted from H5N1 virus-infected cells, but not other H5N1 viral components, upregulated FAT10, and this process was mediated by the retinoic acid-induced protein I-NF-κB signaling pathway. FAT10 knockdown in A549 cells upregulated type I IFN mRNA expression and enhanced STAT1 phosphorylation during live H5N1 virus infection. Taken together, our data suggest that FAT10 was upregulated via retinoic acid-induced protein I and NF-κB during H5N1 avian influenza virus infection. And the upregulated FAT10 promoted H5N1 viral replication by inhibiting type I IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qingchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yanxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shunwang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Huandi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Mingyao Tian
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jiejie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Michael Q Zhang
- Bioinformatics Division, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080; and
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130062, China;
| | - Chengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100005, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
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30
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PENG QS, LI GP, SUN WC, YANG JB, QUAN GH, LIU N. Analysis of ISG15-Modified Proteins from A549 Cells in Response to Influenza Virus Infection by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(16)60936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Burks J, Reed RE, Desai SD. Free ISG15 triggers an antitumor immune response against breast cancer: a new perspective. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7221-31. [PMID: 25749047 PMCID: PMC4466680 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15), an antagonist of the canonical ubiquitin pathway, is frequently overexpressed in various cancers. In cancer cells, ISG15 is detected as free (intracellular) and conjugated to cellular proteins (ISGylation). Free ISG15 is also secreted into the extracellular milieu. ISGylation has protumor functions and extracellular free ISG15 has immunomodulatory properties in vitro. Therefore, whether ISG15 is a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter in vivo remains controversial. The current study aimed to clarify the role of free ISG15 in tumorigenesis. Breast cancer cells stably expressing control, ISG15, and UbcH8 (ISG15-specific E2 ligase) shRNAs were used to assess the immunoregulatory and antitumor function of free ISG15 in cell culture (in vitro) and in nude mice (in vivo). We show that extracellular free ISG15 suppresses breast tumor growth and increases NK cell infiltration into xenografted breast tumors in nude mice, and intracellular free ISG15 enhances major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I surface expression in breast cancer cells. We conclude that free ISG15 may have antitumor and immunoregulatory function in vivo. These findings provides the basis for developing strategies to increase systemic levels of free ISG15 to treat cancer patients overexpressing the ISG15 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Burks
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center-School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Present Address: Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Molecular Oncology, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ryan E Reed
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center-School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shyamal D Desai
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center-School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Shen S, Li J, Hilchey S, Shen X, Tu C, Qiu X, Ng A, Ghaemmaghami S, Wu H, Zand MS, Qu J. Ion-Current-Based Temporal Proteomic Profiling of Influenza-A-Virus-Infected Mouse Lungs Revealed Underlying Mechanisms of Altered Integrity of the Lung Microvascular Barrier. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:540-53. [PMID: 26650791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of influenza-A-virus (IAV)-infected lung proteomes will greatly promote our understanding on the virus-host crosstalk. Using a detergent-cocktail extraction and digestion procedure and a reproducible ion-current-based method, we performed the first comprehensive temporal analysis of mouse IAV infection. Mouse lung tissues at three time points post-inoculation were compared with controls (n = 4/group), and >1600 proteins were quantified without missing value in any animal. Significantly changed proteins were identified at 4 days (n = 144), 7 days (n = 695), and 10 days (n = 396) after infection, with low false altered protein rates (1.73-8.39%). Functional annotation revealed several key biological processes involved in the systemic host responses. Intriguingly, decreased levels of several cell junction proteins as well as increased levels of tissue metalloproteinase MMP9 were observed, reflecting the IAV-induced structural breakdown of lung epithelial barrier. Supporting evidence of MMP9 activation came from immunoassays examining the abundance and phosphorylation states of all MAPKs and several relevant molecules. Importantly, IAV-induced MMP gelatinase expression was suggested to be specific to MMP9, and p38 MAPK may contribute predominantly to MMP9 elevation. These findings help to resolve the long-lasting debate regarding the signaling pathways of IAV-induced MMP9 expression and shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying pulmonary capillary-alveolar leak syndrome that can occur during influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichen Shen
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences , 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States.,Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo , South Campus, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo , South Campus, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States.,New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences , 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Shannon Hilchey
- Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center , 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Xiaomeng Shen
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences , 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States.,Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo , South Campus, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Chengjian Tu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo , South Campus, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States.,New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences , 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Xing Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester , 265 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Andrew Ng
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo , South Campus, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Sina Ghaemmaghami
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester , 402 Hutchison Hall, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Hulin Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Martin S Zand
- Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center , 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo , South Campus, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States.,New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences , 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
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Li L, Ulrich R, Baumgärtner W, Gerhauser I. Interferon-stimulated genes-essential antiviral effectors implicated in resistance to Theiler's virus-induced demyelinating disease. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:242. [PMID: 26703877 PMCID: PMC4690264 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental infection of mice with Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is used as an animal model of human multiple sclerosis. TMEV persists in susceptible mouse strains and causes a biphasic disease consisting of acute polioencephalomyelitis and chronic demyelinating leukomyelitis. In contrast, resistant mice eliminate the virus within 2 to 4 weeks, which seems to be based on a strong antiviral innate immune response including the activation of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway. Several interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) such as IFN-stimulated protein of 15 kDa (ISG15), protein kinase R (PKR), and 2′5′-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) function as antiviral effectors and might contribute to virus elimination. Nevertheless, detailed investigations of the type I IFN pathway during TMEV-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) are lacking. Methods The present study evaluated microarray data of the spinal cord obtained from susceptible SJL/J mice after TMEV infection focusing on IFN-related genes. Moreover, ISG gene and protein expression was determined in mock- and TMEV-infected SJL/J mice and compared to its expression in resistant C57BL/6 mice using real- time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Results Interestingly, despite of increased ISG gene expression during TMEV-IDD, ISG protein expression was impaired in SJL/J mice and mainly restricted to demyelinated lesions. In contrast, high ISG protein levels were found in spinal cord gray and white matter of C57BL/6 compared to SJL/J mice in the acute and chronic phase of TMEV-IDD. In both mouse strains, ISG15 was mainly found in astrocytes and endothelial cells, whereas PKR was predominantly expressed by microglia/macrophages, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Only few cells were immunopositive for OAS proteins. Conclusions High levels of antiviral ISG15 and PKR proteins in the spinal cord of C57BL/6 mice might block virus replication and play an important role in the resistance to TMEV-IDD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0462-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany. .,Center of Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany. .,Center of Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany. .,Center of Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ingo Gerhauser
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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Lin JY, Hu GB, Liu DH, Li S, Liu QM, Zhang SC. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:895-900. [PMID: 26095010 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is strongly induced in many cell types by double-stranded RNA (polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid, poly I:C) and viral infection. In this study, we described the nucleotide, mRNA tissue distribution and regulation of an ISG15 gene from turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (SmISG15). SmISG15 gene is 862 bp in length, composed of two exons and one intron, and encodes 158 amino acids. The deduced protein exhibits the highest homology (44.7-71.2% identity) with ISG15s from other fishes and possesses two conserved tandem ubiquitin-like (UBL) domains and a C-terminal RLRGG conjugating motif known to be important for the functions of ISG15s in vertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis grouped SmISG15 into fish ISG15. SmISG15 mRNA was constitutively expressed in all tissues examined, with higher levels observed in immune organs. Gene expression analysis was performed for SmISG15 in the spleen, head kidney, gills and muscle of turbots challenged with poly I:C or turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV) over a 7-day time course. The result showed that SmISG15 was upregulated by both stimuli in all four tissues, with induction by poly I:C apparently stronger and initiated more quickly. A two-wave induced expression of SmISG15 was seen in the spleen, head kidney and gills, suggesting an induction of SmISG15 either by IFN-dependent or -independent pathway. These results provide insights into the roles of fish ISG15 in antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yun Lin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guo-Bin Hu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Da-Hai Liu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Song Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qiu-Ming Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shi-Cui Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Pannu J, Belle JI, Förster M, Duerr CU, Shen S, Kane L, Harcourt K, Fritz JH, Clare S, Nijnik A. Ubiquitin specific protease 21 is dispensable for normal development, hematopoiesis and lymphocyte differentiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117304. [PMID: 25680095 PMCID: PMC4332479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
USP21 is a ubiquitin specific protease that catalyzes protein deubiquitination, however the identification of its physiological substrates remains challenging. USP21 is known to deubiquitinate transcription factor GATA3 and death-domain kinase RIPK1 in vitro, however the in vivo settings where this regulation plays a biologically significant role remain unknown. In order to determine whether USP21 is an essential and non-redundant regulator of GATA3 or RIPK1 activity in vivo, we characterized Usp21-deficient mice, focusing on mouse viability and development, hematopoietic stem cell function, and lymphocyte differentiation. The Usp21-knockout mice were found to be viable and fertile, with no significant dysmorphology, in contrast to the GATA3 and RIPK1 knockout lines that exhibit embryonic or perinatal lethality. Loss of USP21 also had no effect on hematopoietic stem cell function, lymphocyte development, or the responses of antigen presenting cells to TLR and TNFR stimulation. GATA3 levels in hematopoietic stem cells or T lymphocytes remained unchanged. We observed that aged Usp21-knockout mice exhibited spontaneous T cell activation, however this was not linked to altered GATA3 levels in the affected cells. The contrast in the phenotype of the Usp21-knockout line with the previously characterized GATA3 and RIPK1 knockout mice strongly indicates that USP21 is redundant for the regulation of GATA3 and RIPK1 activity during mouse development, in hematopoietic stem cells, and in lymphocyte differentiation. The Usp21-deficient mouse line characterized in this study may serve as a useful tool for the future characterization of USP21 physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Pannu
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jad I. Belle
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael Förster
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Claudia U. Duerr
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Shiyang Shen
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Leanne Kane
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Harcourt
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg H. Fritz
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Selinger C, Strbo N, Gonzalez L, Aicher L, Weiss JM, Law GL, Palermo RE, Vaccari M, Franchini G, Podack ER, Katze MG. Multiple low-dose challenges in a rhesus macaque AIDS vaccine trial result in an evolving host response that affects protective outcome. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2014; 21:1650-60. [PMID: 25274805 PMCID: PMC4248781 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00455-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Using whole-blood transcriptional profiling, we investigated differences in the host response to vaccination and challenge in a rhesus macaque AIDS vaccine trial. Samples were collected from animals prior to and after vaccination with live, irradiated vaccine cells secreting the modified endoplasmic reticulum chaperone gp96-Ig loaded with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) peptides, either alone or in combination with a SIV-gp120 protein boost. Additional samples were collected following multiple low-dose rectal challenges with SIVmac251. Animals in the boosted group had a 73% reduced risk of infection. Surprisingly, few changes in gene expression were observed during the vaccination phase. Focusing on postchallenge comparisons, in particular for protected animals, we identified a host response signature of protection comprised of strong interferon signaling after the first challenge, which then largely abated after further challenges. We also identified a host response signature, comprised of early macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses, in animals with undetectable viral loads 5 days after the first challenge but with unusually high viral titers after subsequent challenges. Statistical analysis showed that prime-boost vaccination significantly lowered the probability of infection in a time-consistent manner throughout several challenges. Given that humoral responses in the prime-boost group were highly significant prechallenge correlates of protection, the strong innate signaling after the first challenge suggests that interferon signaling may enhance vaccine-induced antibody responses and is an important contributor to protection from infection during repeated low-dose exposure to SIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Selinger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Natasa Strbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Louis Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lauri Aicher
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Weiss
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - G Lynn Law
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert E Palermo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eckhard R Podack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael G Katze
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Misasi J, Sullivan NJ. Camouflage and misdirection: the full-on assault of ebola virus disease. Cell 2014; 159:477-86. [PMID: 25417101 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ebolaviruses cause a severe hemorrhagic fever syndrome that is rapidly fatal to humans and nonhuman primates. Ebola protein interactions with host cellular proteins disrupt type I and type II interferon responses, RNAi antiviral responses, antigen presentation, T-cell-dependent B cell responses, humoral antibodies, and cell-mediated immunity. This multifaceted approach to evasion and suppression of innate and adaptive immune responses in their target hosts leads to the severe immune dysregulation and "cytokine storm" that is characteristic of fatal ebolavirus infection. Here, we highlight some of the processes by which Ebola interacts with its mammalian hosts to evade antiviral defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Misasi
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Zaheer RS, Wiehler S, Hudy MH, Traves SL, Pelikan JB, Leigh R, Proud D. Human rhinovirus-induced ISG15 selectively modulates epithelial antiviral immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:1127-38. [PMID: 24448099 PMCID: PMC4137743 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human rhinovirus (HRV) infections trigger exacerbations of lower airway diseases. HRV infects human airway epithelial cells and induces proinflammatory and antiviral molecules that regulate the response to HRV infection. Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene of 15 kDa (ISG15) has been shown to regulate other viruses. We now show that HRV-16 infection induces both intracellular epithelial ISG15 expression and ISG15 secretion in vitro. Moreover, ISG15 protein levels increased in nasal secretions of subjects with symptomatic HRV infections. HRV-16-induced ISG15 expression is transcriptionally regulated via an IFN regulatory factor pathway. ISG15 does not directly alter HRV replication but does modulate immune signaling via the viral sensor protein RIG-I to impact production of CXCL10, which has been linked to innate immunity to viruses. Extracellular ISG15 also alters CXCL10 production. We conclude that ISG15 has a complex role in host defense against HRV infection, and that additional studies are needed to clarify the role of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Zaheer
- Airway Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - S Wiehler
- Airway Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M H Hudy
- Airway Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - S L Traves
- Airway Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J B Pelikan
- Airway Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - R Leigh
- Airway Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Airway Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - D Proud
- Airway Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,()
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Li Y, Li S, Duan X, Liu B, Yang C, Zeng P, McGilvray I, Chen L. Activation of endogenous type I IFN signaling contributes to persistent HCV infection. Rev Med Virol 2014; 24:332-42. [PMID: 24806972 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
HCV infection is a major world health problem, leading to both end-stage liver disease and primary liver cancer. Great efforts have been made in developing new therapies for HCV infection; however, combination therapy with pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin (pegIFN-RBV) remains the first choice of treatment for chronic HCV infection in most countries. The treatment response to pegIFN-RBV remains relatively low. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of persistent HCV infection and pegIFN-RBV resistance will suggest ways of improving the current standard of care and offers new antiviral therapies for both HCV and other viral infections. Recent data suggest that increased expression of hepatic IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) before treatment is associated with treatment nonresponse in patients chronically infected with HCV. Although ISGs are generally antiviral in nature, in the case of HCV, the virus may exploit some of them to its benefit. This is not unique to HCV: Blockade of type I IFN signaling has been shown to control persistent LCMV infection. Thus, in certain viral infections, preactivation or overactivation of type I IFN signaling may contribute to viral persistence. In this review, we briefly summarize the findings from high-throughput gene expression profiling from patients chronically infected with HCV, then focus on a novel ubiquitin-like signaling pathway (ISG15/USP18) and its potential role in HCV persistence. Finally, the role of activation of endogenous type I IFN signaling in persistent HCV infection will be discussed in the context of recent studies indicating that blocking IFN signaling controls persistent LCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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40
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Fraisier C, Rodrigues R, Vu Hai V, Belghazi M, Bourdon S, Paranhos-Baccala G, Camoin L, Almeras L, Peyrefitte CN. Hepatocyte pathway alterations in response to in vitro Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection. Virus Res 2014; 179:187-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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41
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Campbell JA, Lenschow DJ. Emerging roles for immunomodulatory functions of free ISG15. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 33:728-38. [PMID: 24010825 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) exert their effects through the induction of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), many of which function by inhibiting viral replication and modulating immune responses. ISG15, a di-ubiquitin-like protein, is one of the most abundantly induced ISGs and is critical for control of certain viral and bacterial infections. Like ubiquitin, ISG15 is covalently conjugated to target proteins. In addition, free unconjugated ISG15 is present both intra- and extracellularly. Although much remains to be learned about conjugated ISG15, even less is known about the 2 free forms of ISG15. This article focuses on the role that ISG15 plays during the host response to pathogen challenge, in particular on the recent observations describing the immunomodulatory properties of free ISG15 and its potential implication in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Campbell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
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42
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Marfell BJ, O'Brien R, Griffin JFT. Global gene expression profiling of monocyte-derived macrophages from red deer (Cervus elaphus) genotypically resistant or susceptible to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 40:210-217. [PMID: 23454067 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) can cause a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, Johne's disease (JD), in ruminant animals. This study has explored the molecular basis of resistance and susceptibility to this disease in red deer breeds previously confirmed to express polarised phenotypes by experimental infection trials and following natural infection. Monocyte-derived macrophage cultures were obtained from uninfected red deer selected for either a resistant or susceptible phenotype. Cells were infected with MAP in vitro and gene expression analysed by RNA-Seq. Transcriptome analysis revealed a more disrupted gene expression profile in macrophages from susceptible animals compared with cells from resistant animals in terms of the number of genes up- or downregulated. Highly upregulated genes were related to chemotaxis (CXCL10, CSF3, and CCL8) and type 1 interferon signalling (RSAD2, IFIT1, IFIT2, ISG12, ISG15, USP18, and HERC6). Upregulation of these genes was observed to be greater in macrophages from susceptible animals compared to cells from resistant animals in response to in vitro MAP infection. These data support the use of transcriptomic approaches to enable the identification of markers associated particularly with susceptibility to MAP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke J Marfell
- Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 720 Cumberland St., Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
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43
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Abstract
ISG15 is a well-known intracellular ubiquitin-like molecule involved in ISGylation. However, a recent study has revived the notion first put forward two decades ago that ISG15 is also a secreted molecule. Human neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes can release ISG15, even though this protein has no detectable signal peptide sequence. ISG15 has also been found in the secretory granules of granulocytes. The mechanism underlying ISG15 secretion is unknown. Secreted ISG15 acts on at least T and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes, in which it induces interferon (IFN)-γ production. However, the mechanism by which ISG15 stimulates these cells also remains unclear. ISG15 and IFN-γ seem to define an innate circuit that operates preferentially, but not exclusively, between granulocytes and NK cells. Inherited ISG15 deficiency is associated with severe mycobacterial disease in both mice and humans. This infectious phenotype probably results from the lack of secreted ISG15, because patients and mice with other inborn errors of IFN-γ immunity also display mycobacterial diseases. In addition to raising mechanistic issues, the studies described here pave the way for clinical studies of various aspects, ranging from the use of recombinant ISG15 in patients with infectious diseases to the use of ISG15-blocking agents in patients with inflammatory diseases.
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44
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Derscheid RJ, Ackermann MR. The Innate Immune System of the Perinatal Lung and Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Vet Pathol 2013; 50:827-41. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985813480216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The response of the preterm and newborn lung to airborne pathogens, particles, and other insults is initially dependent on innate immune responses since adaptive responses may not fully mature and require weeks for sufficient responses to antigenic stimuli. Foreign material and microbial agents trigger soluble, cell surface, and cytoplasmic receptors that activate signaling cascades that invoke release of surfactant proteins, defensins, interferons, lactoferrin, oxidative products, and other innate immune substances that have antimicrobial activity, which can also influence adaptive responses. For viral infections such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the pulmonary innate immune responses has an essential role in defense as there are no fully effective vaccines or therapies for RSV infections of humans and reinfections are common. Understanding the innate immune response by the preterm and newborn lung may lead to preventive strategies and more effective therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Derscheid
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - M. R. Ackermann
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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45
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Burks J, Reed RE, Desai SD. ISGylation governs the oncogenic function of Ki-Ras in breast cancer. Oncogene 2013; 33:794-803. [PMID: 23318454 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of the oncogenic Kirsten-Ras (Ki-Ras) and interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) pathways is common in breast and other cancers. However, whether these dysregulated pathways cooperate to promote malignancy is not known. This study links Ki-Ras and ISG15 in a previously unidentified regulatory loop that may underlie malignant transformation of mammary cells. We show that oncogenic Ki-Ras regulates the expression of the ISG15 pathway (free ISG15 and ISG15 conjugates), and ISG15, in turn, stabilizes Ki-Ras protein by inhibiting its targeted degradation via lysosomes in breast cancer cells. Disruption of this loop by silencing either Ki-Ras or the ISG15 pathway restored the disrupted cellular architecture, a hallmark feature of most cancer cells. We also demonstrate that ISG15 and UbcH8 (ISG15-specific conjugating enzyme) shRNAs reversed Ki-Ras mutation-associated phenotypes of cancer cells, such as increased cell proliferation, colony formation, anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, cell migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. As UbcH8-silenced breast cancer cells are devoid of ISG15 conjugates but have free ISG15, our results using UbcH8-silenced cells suggest that ISG15 conjugates, and not free ISG15, contributes to oncogenic Ki-Ras transformation. We have thus identified the conjugated form of ISG15 as a critical downstream mediator of oncogenic Ki-Ras, providing a potential mechanistic link between ISG15 and Ki-Ras-mediated breast tumorigenesis. Our findings, which show that inhibition of the ISGylation reverses the malignant phenotypes of breast cancer cells expressing oncogenic Ki-Ras, support the development of ISG15 conjugation inhibitors for treating breast and also other cancers expressing oncogenic Ki-Ras.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Burks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Science Center-School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - R E Reed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Science Center-School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - S D Desai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Science Center-School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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46
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Bakshi S, Holzer B, Bridgen A, McMullan G, Quinn DG, Baron MD. Dugbe virus ovarian tumour domain interferes with ubiquitin/ISG15-regulated innate immune cell signalling. J Gen Virol 2012; 94:298-307. [PMID: 23136361 PMCID: PMC3709621 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.048322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ovarian tumour (OTU) domain of the nairovirus L protein has been shown to remove ubiquitin and interferon-stimulated gene 15 protein (ISG15) from host cell proteins, which is expected to have multiple effects on cell signalling pathways. We have confirmed that the OTU domain from the L protein of the apathogenic nairovirus Dugbe virus has deubiquitinating and deISGylating activity and shown that, when expressed in cells, it is highly effective at blocking the TNF-α/NF-κB and interferon/JAK/STAT signalling pathways even at low doses. Point mutations of the catalytic site of the OTU [C40A, H151A and a double mutant] both abolished the ability of the OTU domain to deubiquitinate and deISGylate proteins and greatly reduced its effect on cell signalling pathways, confirming that it is this enzymic activity that is responsible for blocking the two signalling pathways. Expression of the inactive mutants at high levels could still block signalling, suggesting that the viral OTU can still bind to its substrate even when mutated at its catalytic site. The nairovirus L protein is a very large protein that is normally confined to the cytoplasm, where the virus replicates. When the OTU domain was prevented from entering the nucleus by expressing it as part of the N-terminal 205 kDa of the viral L protein, it continued to block type I interferon signalling, but no longer blocked the TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bakshi
- Institute for Animal Health, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - B Holzer
- Institute for Animal Health, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - A Bridgen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - G McMullan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - D G Quinn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - M D Baron
- Institute for Animal Health, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
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47
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Bogunovic D, Byun M, Durfee LA, Abhyankar A, Sanal O, Mansouri D, Salem S, Radovanovic I, Grant AV, Adimi P, Mansouri N, Okada S, Bryant VL, Kong XF, Kreins A, Velez MM, Boisson B, Khalilzadeh S, Ozcelik U, Darazam IA, Schoggins JW, Rice CM, Al-Muhsen S, Behr M, Vogt G, Puel A, Bustamante J, Gros P, Huibregtse JM, Abel L, Boisson-Dupuis S, Casanova JL. Mycobacterial disease and impaired IFN-γ immunity in humans with inherited ISG15 deficiency. Science 2012; 337:1684-8. [PMID: 22859821 PMCID: PMC3507439 DOI: 10.1126/science.1224026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ISG15 is an interferon (IFN)-α/β-inducible, ubiquitin-like intracellular protein. Its conjugation to various proteins (ISGylation) contributes to antiviral immunity in mice. Here, we describe human patients with inherited ISG15 deficiency and mycobacterial, but not viral, diseases. The lack of intracellular ISG15 production and protein ISGylation was not associated with cellular susceptibility to any viruses that we tested, consistent with the lack of viral diseases in these patients. By contrast, the lack of mycobacterium-induced ISG15 secretion by leukocytes-granulocyte, in particular-reduced the production of IFN-γ by lymphocytes, including natural killer cells, probably accounting for the enhanced susceptibility to mycobacterial disease. This experiment of nature shows that human ISGylation is largely redundant for antiviral immunity, but that ISG15 plays an essential role as an IFN-γ-inducing secreted molecule for optimal antimycobacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Bogunovic
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minji Byun
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Larissa A. Durfee
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Avinash Abhyankar
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ozden Sanal
- Immunology Division, and Pediatric Chest Disease Department, Hacettepe University Children’s Hospital, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Davood Mansouri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teheran, Iran
| | - Sandra Salem
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Audrey V. Grant
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France, EU
| | - Parisa Adimi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teheran, Iran
| | - Nahal Mansouri
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teheran, Iran
| | - Satoshi Okada
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa L. Bryant
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiao-Fei Kong
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Kreins
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcela Moncada Velez
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Soheila Khalilzadeh
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teheran, Iran
| | - Ugur Ozcelik
- Immunology Division, and Pediatric Chest Disease Department, Hacettepe University Children’s Hospital, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilad Alavi Darazam
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teheran, Iran
| | - John W. Schoggins
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles M. Rice
- Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Saleh Al-Muhsen
- Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcel Behr
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Guillaume Vogt
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France, EU
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France, EU
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France, EU
- Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, AP-HP, Necker Hospital, Paris, France, EU
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jon M. Huibregtse
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France, EU
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France, EU
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U980, University Paris Descartes, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France, EU
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France, EU
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48
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Wang W, Zhang M, Xiao ZZ, Sun L. Cynoglossus semilaevis ISG15: a secreted cytokine-like protein that stimulates antiviral immune response in a LRGG motif-dependent manner. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44884. [PMID: 23028660 PMCID: PMC3445607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ISG15 is an ubiquitin-like protein that is induced rapidly by interferon stimulation. Like ubiquitin, ISG15 forms covalent conjugates with its target proteins in a process called ISGylation, which in mammals is known to play a role in antiviral immunity. In contrast to mammalian ISG15, the function of teleost ISG15 is unclear. In this study, we identified and analyzed the function of an ISG15 homologue, CsISG15, from tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). CsISG15 is composed of 162 residues and possesses two tandem ubiquitin-like domains and the highly conserved LRGG motif found in all known ISG15. Expression of CsISG15 occurred in a wide range of tissues and was upregulated in kidney and spleen by viral and bacterial infection. In vitro study with primary head kidney (HK) lymphocytes showed that megalocytivirus infection caused induction of CsISG15 expression and extracellular release of CsISG15 protein. Purified recombinant CsISG15 (rCsISG15) activated HK macrophages and enhanced the expression of immune genes in HK lymphocytes, both these effects, however, were significantly reduced when the conserved LRGG sequence was mutated to LAAG. Further study showed that the presence of rCsISG15 during megalocytivirus infection of HK lymphocytes reduced intracellular viral load, whereas antibody blocking of CsISG15 enhanced viral infection. Likewise, interference with CsISG15 expression by RNAi promoted viral infection. Taken together, these results indicate that CsISG15, a teleost ISG15, promotes antiviral immune response and that, unlike mammalian ISG15, CsISG15 exerts its immunoregulatory effect in the form of an unconjugated extracellular cytokine. In addition, these results also suggest a role for the LRGG motif other than that in protein conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi-zhong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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Cheng SF, Hu YH, Sun BG, Zhang M, Chi H, Sun L. A single immunoglobulin-domain IgSF protein from Sciaenops ocellatus regulates pathogen-induced immune response in a negative manner. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 38:117-127. [PMID: 22564857 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) is a large group of cell surface proteins that include various immunoregulatory receptors such as novel immune type receptors (NITRs), which are a family of diversified proteins found exclusively in bony fish. In this study, we identified and analyzed an IgSF protein, SoIgSF1, from red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). SoIgSF1 is composed of 225 amino acid residues and moderately related to teleost NITRs. In silico analysis indicated that SoIgSF1 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and contains an N-terminal signal peptide sequence, a single extracellular immunoglobulin V domain, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic region. However, unlike most NITRs, the cytoplasmic region of SoIgSF1 exhibits no consensus inhibitory or stimulatory signaling sequences but has two tyrosine-containing motifs that conform to the right-half sequence of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM). Quantitative real time RT-PCR analysis showed that SoIgSF1 expression occurred mainly in immune organs and was drastically induced by viral and bacterial infection. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that viral infection of head kidney (HK) leukocytes induced surface expression of SoIgSF1, which was able to interact with antibodies against recombinant SoIgSF1. Antibody cross-linking of SoIgSF1 on HK leukocytes inhibited the expression of immune relevant genes and promoted viral and bacterial infection. Taken together, these results indicate that SoIgSF1, though lacking canonical intracellular signaling motifs, is involved in regulation of host immune response during pathogen infection possibly by functioning as a negative signaling receptor through a novel mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-feng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao, China
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50
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Sgorbissa A, Brancolini C. IFNs, ISGylation and cancer: Cui prodest? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 23:307-14. [PMID: 22906767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IFNs are cytokines that segregate viral infections, modulate the immune responses and influence tumor cells survival. These options are under the control of ISGs (Interferon Stimulated Genes) which expression is propelled by IFNs. To the ISGs family belong all the components of the molecular machinery that modifies proteins by the addition of the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15, in a process known as ISGylation. Despite alterations in the components of this machinery are frequently observed in cancer, the contribution of ISG15 and of ISGylation to tumor growth and resistance to chemotherapy is unclear and debated. With the aim of elucidating this point, in this review we have discussed about recent data pointing to a dysregulation of the IFN signaling and the ISGylation system in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sgorbissa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche and MATI Center of Excellence, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
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