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Pettinicchio D, Maroto M. Economic precarity and changing levels of anxiety and stress among Canadians with disabilities and chronic health conditions throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. CANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 2024; 61:25-45. [PMID: 38263777 DOI: 10.1111/cars.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple event stressors converged to exacerbate a growing mental health crisis in Canada with differing effects across status groups. However, less is known about changing mental health situations throughout the pandemic, especially among individuals more likely to experience chronic stress because of their disability and health status. Using data from two waves of a targeted online survey of people with disabilities and chronic health conditions in Canada (N = 563 individuals, June 2020 and July 2021), we find that approximately 25% of respondents experienced additional increases in stress and anxiety levels in 2021. These increases were partly explained by worsening perceived financial insecurity and, in the case of stress, additional negative financial effects tied to the pandemic. This paper understands mental health disparities as a function of social status and social group membership. By linking stress process models and a minority stress framework with a social model of disability, we allude to how structural and contextual barriers make functional limitations disabling and in turn, life stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pettinicchio
- Department of Sociology/Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michelle Maroto
- Department of Sociology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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2
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Shulyaev K, Spielberg Y, Gur-Yaish N, Zisberg A. Family Support During Hospitalization Buffers Depressive Symptoms Among Independent Older Adults. Clin Gerontol 2024; 47:341-351. [PMID: 37493087 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2023.2236097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hospitalization is a stressful event that may lead to deterioration in older adults' mental health. Drawing on the stress-buffering hypothesis, we examined whether family support during hospitalization would moderate the relations between level of independence and in-hospital depressive symptoms. METHOD This research was a secondary analysis of a cohort study conducted with a sample of 370 hospitalized older adults. Acutely ill older adults reported their level of independence at time of hospitalization and their level of depressive symptoms three days into the hospital stay. Family support was estimated by a daily report of hours family members stayed with the hospitalized older adult. RESULTS Independent older adults whose family members stayed longer hours in the hospital had fewer depressive symptoms than independent older adults with shorter family visits. Relations between depressive symptoms and family support were not apparent for dependent older adults, even though their family members stayed more hours. CONCLUSIONS This study partially supports the stress-buffering hypothesis, in that social support ameliorated depressive symptoms among hospitalized independent older adults. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Assessing depressive symptoms and functional ability and creating an environment conducive to family support for older adults may be beneficial to hospitalized older adults' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenya Shulyaev
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- The Minerva Centre on Intersectionality in Aging (MCIA), Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yochy Spielberg
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nurit Gur-Yaish
- The Faculty of Graduate Studies, Oranim Academic College of Education, Kiryat Tiv'on, Israel
| | - Anna Zisberg
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Beygi Z, Solhi M, Irandoost SF, Hoseini AF. The relationship between social support and happiness in older adults referred to health centers in Zarrin Shahr, Iran. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19529. [PMID: 37810085 PMCID: PMC10558722 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creasing the older adult population has become a major public health challenge. Social support plays an important role in people's health. Social support helps improve the living conditions of the elderly and brings happiness into the lives of the elderly. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social support and happiness status in 60-75-year-olds referred to health centers of Zarrin Shahr, Iran in 2019. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 584 samples (female: 62.2%, men: 37.8%) participated in this study. To collect data for this study, Oxford Happiness, and Social Support questionnaires were used. The older adults of the target group were selected through simple multistage random sampling from the health centers of Zarrin Shahr. The collected data were entered into SPSS software version 22. They were described and analyzed by inferential statistics and regressions at a 95% confidence level. RESULTS Sex, marital status, and level of education influenced total social support (P < 0.05). Moreover, age, marital status, and level of education affected happiness (P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between total social support and components of social support with happiness (P < 0.05). Also, the multi-stage regression test showed emotional social support and education level were highly correlated with happiness (R2 = 0.265). CONCLUSION The results highlight the need to increase social support for older adults because it can increase the level of happiness in this age group. In interventions to improve the social support and happiness of older adults, low-educated, unmarried, divorced, or deceased spouses should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Beygi
- Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Solhi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Fahim Irandoost
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Agha Fatemeh Hoseini
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liao H, Li S, Han D, Zhang M, Zhao J, Wu Y, Ma Y, Yan C, Wang J. Associations between social support and poverty among older adults. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:384. [PMID: 37353734 PMCID: PMC10288788 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With population aging becoming a pressing global concern, social support is more meaningful for older adults. In particular, financial supports, such as health insurance and financial assistance derived from family, all play great role in assistance affairs. Research shows social support possibly has an impact on poverty, but the association between formal and informal supports is unclear. We are aimed at verifying the association between distinct social supports and exploring whether this association would affect poverty alleviation for older adults. METHODS A total of 2,683 individuals aged 60 years or older who have medical expenses were included in a survey conducted by the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2018. A chi-square analysis and an independent samples T test all were used to explore the differences of social supports among old people with different economic condition. A binary logistic regression was aimed at analyzing the association between social supports and poverty for older adults. The structural equation model was established to evaluate the association between formal support and informal support and the mechanism(s) of social supports affecting poverty. RESULTS The overall average rate of reimbursement for outpatient care was 0.20 with standard deviation 0.22, and the average reimbursement rate of inpatient care for the poor older adults is nearly 5% lower than the average of the non-poor older adults. We found that having private health insurance and higher reimbursement rate of inpatient care were associated with lower likelihood of living in poverty for older adults. Formal support would directly affect poverty, but its impact on poverty through informal support is insignificant even if formal support is negatively associated with informal support. CONCLUSION A dilemma in reducing the economic burden of disease and receiving family assistance for older adults was revealed, and a more complete health security and higher level of medical expenses compensation would be beneficial to prevent poverty. Optimizing the primary healthcare and increasing the percentage of insurance compensation, policies that focus on the specific cultural values and strengthening the role of supplementary insurance are advantaged for alleviating poverty among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liao
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Sangsang Li
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Yunyi Wu
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Chaoyang Yan
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Health Management, School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
- The Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Science of Hubei Province, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
- Institute for Poverty Reduction and Development, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
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Choi SL, Namkung EH, Carr D. The Effect of Physical Limitations on Depressive Symptoms over the Life Course: Is Optimism a Protective Buffer? J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:1686-1698. [PMID: 35385583 PMCID: PMC9434441 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the extent to which optimism buffers the effects of physical limitations on depressive symptoms, across four mid- and later-life age groups (ages 40-49, 50-64, 65-74, 75+ at baseline). Analyses are motivated by stress theories, which hold that the protective effects of coping resources are evidenced only at high levels of stress. We further explore whether these purportedly protective effects diminish with age, as health-related stressor(s) intensify and become irreversible. METHODS We use data from two waves (2004-06 and 2013-14) of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, n = 4,515) and Midlife in the United States (MIDUS, n = 2,138). We estimate OLS regression models with three-way interaction terms to examine prospectively the benefits of optimism as a coping resource for persons with physical limitations across four age groups. Physical limitations are assessed with a composite measure encompassing mobility and activity of daily living (ADL) limitations. RESULTS In HRS and MIDUS, persons with 3+ limitations reported significantly more depressive symptoms than persons with 0-2 limitations, yet these disparities diminished at higher levels of optimism. Buffering effects of optimism vary by age. For midlife and young-old persons with 3+ limitations, optimism is strongly and inversely related to depressive symptoms at follow-up. Comparable protective effects are not evident among oldest sample members. DISCUSSION Stress and coping models should consider more fully factors that limit older adults' capacity to deploy purportedly protective personal resources. Investments in structural or institutional supports may be more effective than interventions to enhance positive thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinae L Choi
- Department of Consumer Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Eun Ha Namkung
- Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Yeongi-gun, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Deborah Carr
- Department of Sociology and Center for Innovation in Social Science, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Nakamura JS, Kim ES, Rentscher KE, Bower JE, Kuhlman KR. Early-life stress, depressive symptoms, and inflammation: the role of social factors. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:843-851. [PMID: 33502257 PMCID: PMC8313624 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1876636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify modifiable, social factors that moderate the relationship between early-life stress (ELS) and health outcomes as measured by depressive symptoms and inflammation. METHODS Data were from 3,416 adults (58.28% female), ages 36 - 97 (Mage = 68.41; SDage = 10.24) who participated in the 2006 wave of the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative sample of older adults in the United States. This study used hierarchical regression analyses to first test the main effects of ELS on depressive symptoms and inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). Four social factors (perceived support, frequency of social contact, network size, and volunteer activity) were assessed as moderators of the ELS-depression and ELS-inflammation relationships. RESULTS There was a small, positive association between ELS and depressive symptoms (B = 0.17, SE = 0.05, p = .002), which was moderated by social contact and perceived support. Specifically, ELS was only associated with elevated depressive symptoms for participants with limited social contact (B = 0.24, SE = 0.07, p < .001) and low perceived support (B = 0.24, SE = 0.07, p < .001). These associations remained after accounting for potential confounds (age, body-mass index, adulthood stress, and marital status). CONCLUSIONS Increased social contact and perceived support may be protective for individuals at a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms as a result of ELS. Future interventions may benefit from leveraging these social factors to improve quality of life in adults with ELS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. Nakamura
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Eric S. Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kelly E. Rentscher
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julienne E. Bower
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kate R. Kuhlman
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Han SH, Kim K, Burr JA. Activity Limitations and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Couples: The Moderating Role of Spousal Care. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:360-369. [PMID: 31883010 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Limitations in performing basic daily activities, as well as spousal caregiving that arises from activity limitations, are important factors that have ramifications for mental health among couples. The objective of this study was to investigate the interplay of these factors by focusing on whether the associations between activity limitations and depressive symptoms among coupled-individuals were moderated by receipt and provision of spousal care. METHODS Longitudinal household data from the Health and Retirement Study (2004-2014; dyad N = 6,614) were analyzed to estimate within-person associations between one's own and spousal activity limitations, receipt and provision of spousal care, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Findings showed a consistent link between one's own activity limitations and depressive symptoms for both spouses, whereas spousal activity limitations were associated with depressive symptoms for wives only. We also found moderating effects of spousal care in the link between one's own and spousal activity limitations and depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION Receipt and provision of activities of daily living-related assistance may contextualize the association between activity limitations and depressive symptoms among older coupled-individuals in a direction that could alleviate or aggravate the risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Hwang Han
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston
| | - Jeffrey A Burr
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston
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Coe NB, Konetzka RT, Berkowitz M, Blecker E, Van Houtven CH. The Effects of Home Care Provider Mix on the Care Recipient: An International, Systematic Review of Articles from 2000 to 2020. Annu Rev Public Health 2021; 42:483-503. [PMID: 33395544 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this systematic review, we examine the literature from 2000 to 2020 to ascertain whether we can make strong conclusions about the relative benefit of adding informal care or formal care providers to the care mix among individuals receiving care in the home, specifically focusing on care recipient outcomes. We evaluate how informal care and formal care affect (or are associated with) health care use of care recipients, health care costs of care recipients, and health outcomes of care recipients. The literature to date suggests that informal care, either alone or in concert with formal care, delivers improvements in the health and well-being of older adults receiving care. The conclusions one can draw about the effects of formal care are less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma B Coe
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4884, USA; , ,
| | - R Tamara Konetzka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1447, USA;
| | - Melissa Berkowitz
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4884, USA; , ,
| | - Emily Blecker
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4884, USA; , ,
| | - Courtney H Van Houtven
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA; .,Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT), Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
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Sigurdson K, Profit J, Dhurjati R, Morton C, Scala M, Vernon L, Randolph A, Phan JT, Franck LS. Former NICU Families Describe Gaps in Family-Centered Care. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:1861-1875. [PMID: 32713256 PMCID: PMC8106872 DOI: 10.1177/1049732320932897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Care and outcomes of infants admitted to neonatal intensive care vary and differences in family-centered care may contribute. The objective of this study was to understand families' experiences of neonatal care within a framework of family-centered care. We conducted focus groups and interviews with 18 family members whose infants were cared for in California neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) using a grounded theory approach and centering the accounts of families of color and/or of low socioeconomic status. Families identified the following challenges that indicated a gap in mutual trust and power sharing: conflict with or lack of knowledge about social work; staff judgment of, or unwillingness to address barriers to family presence at bedside; need for nurse continuity and meaningful relationship with nurses and inconsistent access to translation services. These unmet needs for partnership in care or support were particularly experienced by parents of color or of low socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Sigurdson
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Jochen Profit
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ravi Dhurjati
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Christine Morton
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Melissa Scala
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Lelis Vernon
- Vermont Oxford Network, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | | | | | - Linda S. Franck
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Carr D, Cornman JC, Freedman VA. Do Family Relationships Buffer the Impact of Disability on Older Adults' Daily Mood? An Exploration of Gender and Marital Status Differences. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2019; 81:729-746. [PMID: 31182882 PMCID: PMC6555429 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluate whether non-spousal family support and strain moderate the effect of disability on two daily emotions (happiness and frustration) among older adults, and whether these patterns differ by gender among married persons, and by marital status among women. BACKGROUND Stress buffering perspectives predict that harmful effects of stress on well-being are buffered by family support, whereas stress proliferation models suggest these effects are intensified by family strain. The extent to which family relationships moderate associations between stress and well-being may vary on the basis of gender and marital status, as non-spousal family ties are considered especially salient for women and those without a romantic partner. METHOD Daily diary data are from the 2013 Disability and Use of Time supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (n=1,474), a national sample of adults ages 60+. Multivariate regression models are estimated for married/partnered men and women, and formerly married women. RESULTS Neither family support nor strain moderated the effect of severe impairment on married men's daily emotions. Family support buffered the effect of severe impairment on frustration among divorced and widowed women, but not their married counterparts. Counterintuitively, family arguments mitigated against frustration and increased happiness among married women with severe impairment. CONCLUSION Consistent with stress buffering perspectives, family support was most protective for the vulnerable population of formerly married older women with severe impairment. IMPLICATIONS This study underscores the importance of family support for the large and growing population of formerly married women managing health-related challenges in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Carr
- Boston University, Department of Sociology, 100 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215,
| | | | - Vicki A Freedman
- University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI 48106,
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KOCH FILHO HR, KOCH LFDA, KUSMA SZ, IGNÁCIO SA, MOYSÉS ST, ALANIS LRA, GABARDO MCL, MOYSÉS SJ. Self-Perception of Gerontoism according to Social Support and Family Functionality. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 48:673-680. [PMID: 31110977 PMCID: PMC6500520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gerontoism, a neologism adopted here, is a form of discrimination regarding age and can occur in rational, emotional, and behavioral contexts, and could be influenced by many factors. This study aimed to identify if the social support and the family functionality interfere in the self-perception of gerontoism. METHODS Participants were 376 elderly in good physical and mental condition. They participated in the Group Living organization in the Municipality of Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil, in 2012. Information was collected about sociodemographic profile using a structured questionnaire. The social support, the family functionality, and the self-perception of gerontoism were defined by the Medical Outcomes Study, the Family APGAR index, and Ageism Survey, respectively. The variables were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient, One Way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD test, and the Student's t-test. RESULTS Most of the participants came from small cities from the interior (48.7%), were female (94.4%), with age ranging 60-69 yr-old (45.5%), whites (76.1%), widowers (47.1%), with children (93.9%), with low schooling (55.3%), with family income from 1-2 minimum wage (31.4%), and retirees not working (44.1%). It was not observed correlation between sociodemographic variables and self-perception of gerontoism. Statistical significance was observed between self-perception of gerontoism and social support (r= -0.26, P=0.00), and between the self-perception and family functionality (r = -0.28, P=0.00). Once the scores of self-perception of gerontoism increased, the ones from social support and family functionality, decreased. CONCLUSION Lower self-perception of gerontoism was observed in elderly with higher social support and family functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Rubens KOCH FILHO
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, 80215-901, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Solena Ziemer KUSMA
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, 80215-901, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Aparecido IGNÁCIO
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, 80215-901, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Simone Tetu MOYSÉS
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, 80215-901, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luciana Ribeiro Azevedo ALANIS
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, 80215-901, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marilisa Carneiro Leão GABARDO
- School of Health Sciences, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza 5300, 81280-330, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil,Corresponding Author: marilisagabardo@gmail
| | - Samuel Jorge MOYSÉS
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, 80215-901, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Social Isolation among North Korean Refugee Women in South Korea: The Moderating Role of Formal and Informal Support. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10041246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Stafford M, Antonucci TC, Zaninotto P. Joint Trajectories of Spousal Social Support and Depressive Symptoms in Older Age. J Aging Health 2017; 31:760-782. [PMID: 29254428 PMCID: PMC6495403 DOI: 10.1177/0898264317747077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We describe changes in depressive symptoms and positive
and negative social support from the spouse/partner in a representative sample
of older people in England. Method: Men and women aged 50+
(N = 7,171) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
reported social support and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic
Studies Depression Scale) on up to five occasions between 2002-2003 and
2010-2011. Parallel process latent growth models estimated their bidirectional
associations, adjusted for gender, wealth, education, and limiting illness.
Results: In age- and gender-adjusted models, positive spousal
support decreased and negative support increased over time, especially among
women. Greater increases over time in depressive symptoms were seen in those
with lower positive support or higher negative support at baseline. More
baseline depressive symptoms predicted greater declines in positive support and
greater increases in negative support from the spouse. Discussion:
Improving older couple’s relationship quality may help reduce depressive
symptoms.
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Carr D, Cornman JC, Freedman VA. Disability and Activity-related Emotion in Later Life: Are Effects Buffered by Intimate Relationship Support and Strain? JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 58:387-403. [PMID: 29164961 PMCID: PMC5963511 DOI: 10.1177/0022146517713551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We use daily diary data from the Disability and Use of Time supplement to the 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics ( n = 1,162) to evaluate (1) the extent to which marital/partner support and strain moderate the effects of disability on five activity-related emotions (happiness, calm, sadness, frustration, worry) and overall negative and positive emotion among older married, cohabiting, and dating persons and (2) whether such patterns differ significantly by gender. Marital support buffers against negative emotions and increases feelings of calm among severely impaired women. By contrast, support intensifies negative emotions and decreases feelings of calm among severely impaired men. Relationship strain also intensifies the effect of severe impairment on men's frustration, sadness, worry, and negative mood but has negligible effects on the negative emotions of men with low impairment and women. Frequent support and criticism may threaten highly impaired older men's sense of autonomy and emotional well-being.
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Carr D, Cornman JC, Freedman VA. Disability and Activity-related Emotion in Later Life: Are Effects Buffered by Intimate Relationship Support and Strain? JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 58:387-403. [PMID: 29164961 DOI: 10.1177/002214651771355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We use daily diary data from the Disability and Use of Time supplement to the 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics ( n = 1,162) to evaluate (1) the extent to which marital/partner support and strain moderate the effects of disability on five activity-related emotions (happiness, calm, sadness, frustration, worry) and overall negative and positive emotion among older married, cohabiting, and dating persons and (2) whether such patterns differ significantly by gender. Marital support buffers against negative emotions and increases feelings of calm among severely impaired women. By contrast, support intensifies negative emotions and decreases feelings of calm among severely impaired men. Relationship strain also intensifies the effect of severe impairment on men's frustration, sadness, worry, and negative mood but has negligible effects on the negative emotions of men with low impairment and women. Frequent support and criticism may threaten highly impaired older men's sense of autonomy and emotional well-being.
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Manini TM, Beavers DP, Pahor M, Guralnik JM, Spring B, Church TS, King AC, Folta SC, Glynn NW, Marsh AP, Gill TM. Effect of Physical Activity on Self-Reported Disability in Older Adults: Results from the LIFE Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65:980-988. [PMID: 28168689 PMCID: PMC5435532 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that a long-term structured, moderate intensity physical activity (PA) program is more effective than a health education (HE) program in reducing the risk of s elf-reported dependency and disability in basic activities of daily living (BADLs), disability in instrumental ADLs (IADL), and mobility disability. DESIGN The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) study was a multicenter, single-blinded randomized trial. SETTING University-based research clinic. PARTICIPANTS Thousand six hundred and thirty five sedentary men and women aged 70-89 years, who had functional limitations, defined as a score ≤9 on the Short Physical Performance Battery. INTERVENTION Participants were randomized to a structured, moderate intensity PA program (n = 818) that included aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercises or to a HE program (n = 817). MEASUREMENTS All outcomes were derived by self-report using periodic interviews that asked about the degree of difficulty and receipt of help during the past month. Dependency was defined as "receiving assistance" or "unable" to do ≥1 activities. Disability was defined as having "a lot of difficulty" or "unable" doing ≥1 activities. Severe disability was defined as reporting difficulty or being unable to perform ≥3 activities. RESULTS Over an average follow-up of 2.6 years, the cumulative incidence of BADL dependency was 15.2% among PA and 15.1% among HE participants (HR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.78-0.1.3). Intervention groups had similar rates of incident BADL disability, IADL disability and reported mobility disability. Reporting severe mobility disability (HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.64-0.96) and ratings of difficulty on mobility tasks were reduced in the PA group. CONCLUSION A structured physical activity intervention reduces reported severe mobility disability and difficulty on mobility tasks, but not BADL and IADL disability in older adults with functional limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel P Beavers
- Wake Forest University & School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Jack M Guralnik
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bonnie Spring
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Abby C King
- Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | | | - Anthony P Marsh
- Wake Forest University & School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Luszcz MA, Giles LC, Anstey KJ, Browne-Yung KC, Walker RA, Windsor TD. Cohort Profile: The Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ALSA). Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1054-1063. [PMID: 25468824 PMCID: PMC5841624 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the expressed need for more sophisticated and multidisciplinary data concerning ageing of the Australian population, the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ALSA) was established some two decades ago in Adelaide, South Australia. At Baseline in 1992, 2087 participants living in the community or in residential care (ranging in age from 65 to 103 years) were interviewed in their place of residence (1031 or 49% women), including 565 couples. By 2013, 12 Waves had been completed; both face-to-face and telephone personal interviews were conducted. Data collected included self-reports of demographic details, health, depression, morbid conditions, hospitalization, gross mobility, physical performance, activities of daily living, lifestyle activities, social resources, exercise, education and income. Objective performance data for physical and cognitive function were also collected. The ALSA data are held at the Flinders Centre for Ageing Studies, Flinders University. Procedures for data access, information on collaborations, publications and other details can be found at [http://flinders.edu.au/sabs/fcas/].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Luszcz
- Flinders Centre for Ageing Studies, and
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lynne C Giles
- Discipline of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Ruth A Walker
- Flinders Centre for Ageing Studies, and
- Disability and Community Inclusion Unit, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tim D Windsor
- Flinders Centre for Ageing Studies, and
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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The impact of social networks on the relationship between functional impairment and depressive symptoms in older adults. Int Psychogeriatr 2016; 28:39-47. [PMID: 25943121 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610215000538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the role of meaningful relationship characteristics, defined here as social network type, in relation to the association between functional impairment and depressive symptoms. METHODS The sample included respondents aged 65 years and older (n = 26,401) from the fourth wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Respondents were classified into one of seven relationship network types (Distal Children (living at a distance), Proximal Family (living nearby), Spouse, Other Family, Friend, Other, and No Network) according to the predominant characteristics of their most meaningful relationships. A two-stage regression analysis was performed in which the number of depressive symptoms was first regressed on the extent of functional impairment and network type, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, cognition, health, and country. In the second stage, variables representing the interactions between functional impairment and network type were considered. RESULTS The compositional characteristics of respondents' relationships in later life, as defined by social network type, were associated with depressive symptoms. In particular, when experiencing functional impairment, those without any meaningful relationships were found to have more depressive symptoms when compared to all other network types. The findings underscore the importance of meaningful relationships for the mental health of older adults experiencing functional impairment as well as the risk of experiencing depression among those who maintain no personal social network. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that differing constellations of meaningful relationships in later life yield different associations with mental health, especially when taking functional limitations into account.
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Moore RC, Fazeli PL, Jeste DV, Moore DJ, Grant I, Woods SP. Successful cognitive aging and health-related quality of life in younger and older adults infected with HIV. AIDS Behav 2014; 18:1186-97. [PMID: 24633788 PMCID: PMC4020963 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-014-0743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurocognitive impairments commonly occur and adversely impact everyday functioning in older adults infected with HIV, but little is known about successful cognitive aging (SCA) and its health-related quality of life (HRQoL) correlates. Seventy younger (≤40 years) and 107 older (≥50 years) HIV+ adults, as well as age-matched seronegative comparison groups of younger (N = 48) and older (N = 77) subjects completed a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological, psychiatric, medical, and HRQoL assessments. SCA was operationalized as the absence of both performance-based neurocognitive deficits and self-reported symptoms (SCA-ANDS) as determined by published normative standards. A stair-step decline in SCA-ANDS was observed in accordance with increasing age and HIV serostatus, with the lowest rates of SCA-ANDS found in the older HIV+ group (19 %). In both younger and older HIV+ adults, SCA-ANDS was strongly related to better mental HRQoL. HIV infection has additive adverse effects on SCA, which may play a unique role in mental well-being among HIV-infected persons across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeanne C Moore
- Department of Psychiatry (8231), University of California, San Diego, 220 Dickinson St., Suite B, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA,
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Warttig SL, Forshaw MJ, South J, White AK. New, normative, English-sample data for the Short Form Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4). J Health Psychol 2013; 18:1617-28. [PMID: 24155195 DOI: 10.1177/1359105313508346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides population norms for the Short Form Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) and investigates the relationship between PSS-4 scores and sociodemographic variables. The PSS-4 was administered to an English sample (n = 1568) and was found to have acceptable psychometric properties. Sociodemographic variables explained 19.5% of variance in PSS-4 scores, and mean PSS-4 scores were significantly different from the mean scores reported in Cohen and Williamson's original study. Greater levels of perceived health status, greater levels of social support, being male and being older were predictive of lower PSS-4 scores. Norm values for interpreting PSS-4 scores are presented.
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Yamada Y, Siersma V, Avlund K, Vass M. Formal home help services and institutionalization. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 54:e52-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Auslander GK. Depressive symptoms among hospitalized patients in Israel. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2012; 51:107-124. [PMID: 22352360 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2011.601407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms are common among hospitalized patients and can indicate more serious problems. This study examined the level of depressive symptoms among patients in one hospital in Jerusalem, the variables related to depression, and the extent to which social workers provided services to those patients. Over 60% of patients reported high levels of depressive symptoms. Levels were higher among Arabs, those with lower income, small social networks, stronger locus of control (powerful others), weaker internal locus of control, and low emotional support from staff. Social workers were in contact with 44% of patients who had high levels of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail K Auslander
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Abstract
In the United States and globally, increasing numbers of older parents are living with their adult children. Making the decision to live together requires careful thought and planning; particularly when the decision means the children will be responsible for their elder parents' care, the physicians of all parties should be consulted. More than one-third of caregivers state that they seek advice from their physician or other clinician when information is needed about this transition. Using the case of a couple receiving care from their daughter in her own home, we review the prevalence and epidemiology of adult children caring for a parent in the adult child's home, important issues to consider, and a framework for clinicians to help guide their patients through this transition. We describe the physician's ongoing role in caring for and advising both the older parent and the adult children during common stages of multigenerational living: before the move and during coresidency and subsequent care transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine S Ritchie
- Birmingham-Atlanta Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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