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Differences in Motor Competence of Chilean Schoolchildren According to Biological and Sociocultural Correlates. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9101482. [PMID: 36291418 PMCID: PMC9600301 DOI: 10.3390/children9101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: In this study, we aimed to determine differences in the levels of motor competence according to biological factors (sex, age and weight status) and sociocultural factors (socioeconomic level and belonging to an indigenous people or not) in students of the La Araucanía Region, Chile. (2) Methods: A total of 552 students in 5th and 6th grade were evaluated (49.6% girls; age M = 11.3; SD = 0.8). To assess motor competence (domains of object control and self-movement), the MOBAK 5-6 test was applied. (3) Results: In the object control dimension, significant differences were found according to sex, with the boys performing higher than the girls. According to age, schoolchildren aged 11.0 to 11.9 performed higher than those aged 10.0 to 10.9, and according to socioeconomic status, schoolchildren from schools with a higher socioeconomic status showed a higher motor performance. No significant interaction effects were found between groups. With regard to the self-movement domain, statistically significant differences were only found according to weight status, where students of normal weight presented the highest performance. No significant effects were found between any of the groups. (4) Conclusions: This study shows the importance of considering the biological and sociocultural characteristics in the development of motor competence when interpreting data or planning interventions in different settings.
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2
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The prevalence and correlates of physical activity/inactivity and sedentary behaviour among high-school adolescents in Iran: a cross-sectional study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases in all stages of life. However, there is a lack of reliable data regarding the recommended level of physical activity and its correlates related to physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour among school students in Iran. The aim of the present study was to report the prevalence and correlates of physical activity/inactivity and sedentary behaviour among Iranian high school adolescents.
Methods
The Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) was used for data collection. Related data comprising socio-demographics, health risk behaviour and protective factors were obtained from 1517 high school students. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between relevant independent variables (e.g. gender) and the dependent outcome variable (physical inactivity/sedentary behaviour).
Results
The prevalence of recommended physical activity by WHO was 27.8%, physical inactivity 72.2% and sedentary behaviour 71.4%. Being female, being overweight or obese, walking/cycling to or from school on 1–4 days, sitting 3 or more hours/day (sedentary behaviour), insufficient vegetable intake, being bullied and lack of parental support, peer support and parental connectivity (protective factors) were positively associated with physical inactivity. On the other hand, walking/cycling to or from school on 5–7 days and inadequate fruit intake were negatively associated with physical inactivity. Walking/cycling to or from school on 1–4 days, being physically inactive, inadequate fruit intake and being bullied were positively associated with sedentary behaviour.
Conclusion
The prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour was high in our studied sample. Interventions that address the issue of active school transport, sedentary behaviour, fruit and vegetable intake, family and peer support and bullying should be given more priority by the public health authorities.
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3
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Hayes AJ, Carrello JP, Kelly PJ, Killedar A, Baur LA. Looking backwards and forwards: tracking and persistence of weight status between early childhood and adolescence. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:870-878. [PMID: 33558641 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Many studies have shown that child BMI or weight status tracks over time, but the demographic predictors of high tracking have not been investigated. Our objective was to identify demographic predictors of persistence (duration) of healthy weight and overweight/obesity throughout childhood, and to examine whether tracking was age dependent. METHODS We conducted secondary data analysis of 4606 children from the Birth cohort and 4983 children from the Kindergarten cohort of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children with follow-up to age 12/13 and 16/17 years, respectively. Retrospective and prospective tracking were examined descriptively. Time-to-event analysis determined demographic predictors of persistence of healthy weight and overweight/obesity beyond age 4-5 years, after controlling for child BMI z-score. Weight status was determined using WHO methods. RESULTS Tracking of healthy weight was consistently higher than that of overweight/obesity, and incident overweight was equally likely throughout childhood and adolescence. Tracking of overweight was lower for children under 7 years than in middle childhood and adolescence (2-year probability 65%, compared with 80%; 2-year resolution of overweight 35 and 20%). Children of lower socioeconomic position, those from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, and girls were more likely to move into overweight (hazard ratios [95%CI] for incident overweight: 1.39 [1.26-1.52], 1.16 [1.02-1.31] and 1.12 [1.02-1.23], respectively) and less likely to resolve their overweight (hazard ratios for resolution of overweight/obesity: 0.77 [0.69-0.85], 0.8 [0.69-0.92] and 0.79 [0.71-0.81], respectively) during childhood. However, persistence of weight status was not significantly affected by rurality or Indigenous status (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lowest tracking and highest natural resolution of overweight in children under 7 years suggests this may be an opportune time for interventions to reduce overweight. Primary and secondary prevention programmes during the school years should be designed with special consideration for lower socioeconomic communities, for culturally and linguistically diverse populations and for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Hayes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Joseph P Carrello
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick J Kelly
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anagha Killedar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise A Baur
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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4
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Ziaei R, Shahi H, Dastgiri S, Mohammadi R, Viitasara E. Fruit and vegetable intake and its correlates among high-school adolescents in Iran: a cross-sectional study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-019-01084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Two important components of a healthy diet are fruits and vegetables (F&V), which are essential for maintaining physical health. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of F&V intake among high school adolescents in the city of Tabriz.
Methods
The Global School-based Student Health Survey self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection among 1517 adolescents.
Results
The prevalence of fruit intake was 76.1% (≥ 2 times/day) and vegetable intake 23% (≥ 3 times/day). Being at the third level of high school and having sedentary behavior, low intake of vegetables, low or lack of parental support, lack of peer support and lack of enough food at home were significantly associated with low consumption of fruit among students. Also, being overweight or obese and having low intake of fruit, low or lack of peer support, and being physically inactive were significantly associated with low intake of vegetables.
Conclusion
Results suggest that interventions targeting personal, interpersonal and environmental factors for increased F&V consumption should be given more priority by the public health authorities.
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Garoufi A, Grammatikos EE, Kollias A, Grammatikos E, Stergiou GS, Soldatou A. Associations between obesity, adverse behavioral patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among adolescent inhabitants of a Greek island. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017; 30:445-454. [PMID: 28315850 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2016-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess weight, unhealthy lifestyle habits and their sequelae have become a well-recognized public health problem in most countries. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship of adolescent overweight/obesity with behavioral habits and their association with blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile. METHODS Anthropometric parameters, lifestyle, BP and lipid profile of 736 adolescents were evaluated cross-sectionally. The classifications of normal weight, overweight and obese were based on BMI z-scores. RESULTS About 42.1% of adolescents were overweight/obese, 11.3% were smokers, 33.2% consumed alcohol and 34% reported low activity. Males began smoking earlier, consumed alcohol more often, exercised less and spent more screen time than females. Alcohol consumption was more prevalent among smokers and was associated with higher BP and dyslipidemia. Smokers exercised less intensely and had lower high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) than non-smokers. Obesity was a risk factor for higher BP and dyslipidemia. Longer screen time was associated with higher triglycerides, while intense physical activity with lower systolic BP. CONCLUSIONS Obesity is related to an adverse lipid and BP profile during adolescence. Clustering of hazardous habits was observed, which is known to aggravate the cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Garoufi
- Second Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens
| | - Evangelos E Grammatikos
- Second Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens
| | - Anastasios Kollias
- Hypertension Center STRIDE-7, Third University Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Athens
| | | | - George S Stergiou
- Hypertension Center STRIDE-7, Third University Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Athens
| | - Alexandra Soldatou
- Second Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens
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Lima NMDS, Leal VS, Oliveira JS, Andrade MISD, Tavares FCDLP, Menezes RCED, Silva CSD, Lira PICD. Excesso de peso em adolescentes e estado nutricional dos pais: uma revisão sistemática. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232017222.17522015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo é verificar a associação entre o excesso de peso em adolescentes e o estado nutricional dos pais e identificar possíveis fatores determinantes. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), considerando-se o período de 2004 a 2014. Os descritores usados foram: “Adolescente”, “Fatores de risco”, “Obesidade”, “Pais” e “Sobrepeso”. Dos 366 artigos encontrados, apenas 07 atenderam a todos os critérios de elegibilidade. Notou-se nos adolescentes prevalência de sobrepeso mais elevada nos estudos realizados no Brasile na Grécia, enquanto a prevalência de obesidade foi maior nos estudos conduzidos nos Estados Unidos. Foram verificadas maiores prevalências de excesso de peso em adolescentes do sexo masculino. Todos os trabalhos mostraram que a presença de sobrepeso ou obesidade no pai ou na mãe aumenta o risco dos adolescentes desenvolverem excesso de peso, e esse risco é ainda maior quando ambos os pais são obesos. A grande associação entre excesso de peso nos adolescentes e estado nutricional dos pais está relacionada com inúmeros fatores, dessa forma, a presença de um fator de risco, como, por exemplo, a predisposição genética, pode ser amenizada por um fator de proteção, como hábitos alimentares saudáveis.
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7
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Ruiz M, Goldblatt P, Morrison J, Porta D, Forastiere F, Hryhorczuk D, Antipkin Y, Saurel-Cubizolles MJ, Lioret S, Vrijheid M, Torrent M, Iñiguez C, Larrañaga I, Bakoula C, Veltsista A, van Eijsden M, Vrijkotte TGM, Andrýsková L, Dušek L, Barros H, Correia S, Järvelin MR, Taanila A, Ludvigsson J, Faresjö T, Marmot M, Pikhart H. Impact of Low Maternal Education on Early Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Europe. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2016; 30:274-84. [PMID: 26945670 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparable evidence on adiposity inequalities in early life is lacking across a range of European countries. This study investigates whether low maternal education is associated with overweight and obesity risk in children from distinct European settings during early childhood. METHODS Prospective data of 45 413 children from 11 European cohorts were used. Children's height and weight obtained at ages 4-7 years were used to assess prevalent overweight and obesity according to the International Obesity Task Force definition. The Relative/Slope Indices of Inequality (RII/SII) were estimated within each cohort and by gender to investigate adiposity risk among children born to mothers with low education as compared to counterparts born to mothers with high education. Individual-data meta-analyses were conducted to obtain aggregate estimates and to assess heterogeneity between cohorts. RESULTS Low maternal education yielded a substantial risk of early childhood adiposity across 11 European countries. Low maternal education yielded a mean risk ratio of 1.58 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34, 1.85) and a mean risk difference of 7.78% (5.34, 10.22) in early childhood overweight, respectively, measured by the RII and SII. Early childhood obesity risk by low maternal education was as substantial for all cohorts combined (RII = 2.61 (2.10, 3.23)) and (SII = 4.01% (3.14, 4.88)). Inequalities in early childhood adiposity were consistent among boys, but varied among girls in a few cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Considerable inequalities in overweight and obesity are evident among European children in early life. Tackling early childhood adiposity is necessary to promote children's immediate health and well-being and throughout the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Ruiz
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Goldblatt
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Health Equity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joana Morrison
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniela Porta
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health System, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniel Hryhorczuk
- Center for Global Health, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Youriy Antipkin
- Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Marie-Josèphe Saurel-Cubizolles
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics, Sorbonne Paris Cité, DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1153, Early Origin of the Child's Health and Development Team (ORCHAD), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maties Torrent
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,IB-Salut Menorca Health Area, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- FISABIO - Universitat Jaume I - Universitat de València Joint Research Unit of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Isabel Larrañaga
- Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Gipuzkoa, Spain.,BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Chryssa Bakoula
- First Department of Paediatrics, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Veltsista
- First Department of Paediatrics, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Manon van Eijsden
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lenka Andrýsková
- Faculty of Science, Research Centre of Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Dušek
- Faculty of Science, Research Centre of Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biostatistics & Analyses (IBA), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Correia
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE), Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Life Course Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anja Taanila
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tomas Faresjö
- Department of Medicine and Health, Community Medicine/General Practice Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Michael Marmot
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.,Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Health Equity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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8
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Loprinzi PD, Davis RE, Fu YC. Early motor skill competence as a mediator of child and adult physical activity. Prev Med Rep 2015; 2:833-8. [PMID: 26844157 PMCID: PMC4721422 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to effectively promote physical activity (PA) during childhood, and across the lifespan, a better understanding of the role of early motor skill development on child and adult PA is needed. METHODS Here, we propose a conceptual model delineating the hypothesized influence of motor skill development on child and adult PA, while providing an overview of the current empirical research related to this model. RESULTS There is consistent and emerging evidence showing that adequate motor skill competence, particularly locomotor and gross motor skills, is associated with increased PA levels during the preschool, child, and adolescent years, with early motor skill development also influencing enjoyment of PA as well as long-term PA and motor skill performance. The physical education setting appears to be a well-suited environment for motor skill development. CONCLUSION Employing appropriate strategies to target motor skill development across the childhood years is of paramount interest in helping shape children's PA behavior, their experiences related to PA, as well as maintain their PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Loprinzi
- Center for Health Behavior Research, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
| | - Robert E. Davis
- Center for Health Behavior Research, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
| | - Yang-Chieh Fu
- Applied Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
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9
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Kori H, Sei M, Nakahori Y, Imoto I. Impact of annual body mass index gain on obesity development in Japanese 6-year-old non-obese children. Pediatr Int 2013; 55:761-6. [PMID: 23809205 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective timing of preventive intervention for adolescent obesity in non-obese school-aged children remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of annual body mass index (BMI) gain on the development of adolescent obesity in 6-year-old non-obese Japanese children. METHODS Longitudinal weight and height data were collected annually from 9723 children aged 6-14 years, and individual per-year BMI gains were calculated. The BMI ≥ the 95th percentile for each age and sex defined obesity. In 6-year-old non-obese children, logistic regression analyses were applied to correlate the annual BMI gain at each age with obesity at a final survey. RESULTS The 6-year-old non-obese children who became obese at a final survey showed larger annual BMI gains at any age compared with their peers with respect to baseline BMI. Increases in annual BMI gain, even in early school age, raised the risk of adolescent obesity. Categorical analysis also showed that children aged 6-7 years with higher annual BMI gains than 1-SD above the mean had a significant risk for adolescent obesity (OR: 4.39 [95%CI: 2.98-6.46] in boys and 3.83 [95%CI: 2.60-5.63] in girls, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A larger annual BMI gain at any school age is a risk for adolescent obesity in 6-year-old non-obese children with no critical period. This suggests the need for earlier and continuous school-based surveillance using annual BMI gain for preventive intervention of adolescent obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroka Kori
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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10
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Hajian-Tilaki K, Heidari B. Prevalences of overweight and obesity and their association with physical activity pattern among Iranian adolescents aged 12-17 years. Public Health Nutr 2012; 15:2246-52. [PMID: 22578771 PMCID: PMC10271770 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980012001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalences of overweight and obesity and their association with physical activity pattern among adolescents in northern Iran. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Babol, northern Iran. SUBJECTS A representative sample of 1200 adolescents aged 12-17 years was recruited. All selected adolescents were interviewed, their leisure-time and sport physical activities were collected by a standard Baecke questionnaire and their height and weight were measured by standard methods. The diagnosis of overweight and obesity was determined by comparing BMI values with the BMI index for age and sex percentiles set by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2000. RESULTS The prevalences of overweight and obesity were 15.1 % and 8.3 %, respectively. The proportion of obesity was significantly higher in boys than in girls (10.2 % v. 6.5 %, P = 0.028). Overall, the levels of high, moderate and low leisure-time physical activity were 2.9 %, 79.4 % and 17.7 %, respectively. The corresponding levels of high, moderate and low sport physical activity were 17.4 %, 75.2 % and 7.4 %. The levels of leisure-time and sport physical activities were significantly higher among the boys than the girls (P < 0.001). There was also a significant association of studying in private schools and playing computer games with overweight/obesity (P < 0.001). Moderate leisure-time physical activity was unexpectedly associated with a greater risk of overweight/obesity compared with the low level (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate a high prevalence of overweight/obesity in these Iranian adolescents, particularly the boys. The influence of physical activity and diet on overweight/obesity requires further prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki
- Department of Social Medicine and Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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11
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Loprinzi PD, Cardinal BJ, Loprinzi KL, Lee H. Parenting practices as mediators of child physical activity and weight status. Obes Facts 2012; 5:420-30. [PMID: 22797369 DOI: 10.1159/000341097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the environmental factors that influence children's physical activity is an important prerequisite before effective physical activity interventions can be developed and implemented. Parenting is one environmental factor that has been empirically shown to positively influence children's physical activity. However, in order to promote physical activity in children, a better understanding of how parents influence children's physical activity behavior is required. Previously, Birch and Davison developed a model depicting parental factors hypothesized to influence child dietary behaviors. We extended this model by identifying parental factors hypothesized to promote physical activity in children. This review focuses on the mediational role that parenting practices and behaviors play in influencing child mediators of physical activity behavior, and, ultimately, weight status. Priorities for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Lansing School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Department of Exercise Science, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY 40205, USA.
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12
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Loprinzi PD, Cardinal BJ, Loprinzi KL, Lee H. Benefits and environmental determinants of physical activity in children and adolescents. Obes Facts 2012; 5:597-610. [PMID: 22986648 DOI: 10.1159/000342684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we identify the health benefits associated with physical activity (PA); address the physical activity and sedentary guidelines issued by public health scientists as well as children's compliance to these guidelines; discuss the importance of motor skill acquisition during early childhood; and identify different settings that contribute to physical activity participation and strategies for improving PA in these settings. Results show that regular participation in PA during childhood has numerous immediate benefits, including positive changes in adiposity, skeletal health, psychological health, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Additionally, motor skill development during early childhood may have immediate health benefits as well as long-lasting effects in adulthood. Furthermore, the benefits of PA during childhood also appear to positively influence adult health outcomes, such as increased bone mineral density. Key environmental settings that have been shown to influence children's PA behavior include child care, active commuting to and from school, school recess, school physical education, after-school programs, churches, medical settings, and the home environment. Recommendations for practitioners and researchers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Lansing School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Department of Exercise Science, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY, USA.
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13
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ORTEGA FRANCISCOB, LABAYEN IDOIA, RUIZ JONATANR, KURVINEN ELVIRA, LOIT HELLEMAI, HARRO JAANUS, VEIDEBAUM TOOMAS, SJÖSTRÖM MICHAEL. Improvements in Fitness Reduce the Risk of Becoming Overweight across Puberty. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43:1891-7. [PMID: 21407124 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182190d71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Hebebrand J. The ongoing identification of novel obesity genes. Obes Facts 2010; 3:157-8. [PMID: 20616604 PMCID: PMC6452143 DOI: 10.1159/000316417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hebebrand
- *Prof. Dr. Johannes Hebebrand Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of Duisburg-Essen Virchowstraße 174, 45147 Essen, Germany Tel: +49 201 7227–465, Fax -302
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