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Aragão MGB, He X, Aires CP, Corona SAM. Epigallocatechin gallate reduces the virulence of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans biofilm by affecting the synthesis of biofilm matrix components. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 164:105990. [PMID: 38749386 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There have been reports on the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) against Streptococcus mutans viability and acidogenesis. However, the effects of EGCG on the virulence of S. mutans biofilm development have yet to be fully investigated using validated cariogenic biofilm models. OBJECTIVE Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of EGCG on S. mutans biofilm virulence using a validated cariogenic model and clinically relevant treatment regimens, twice a day for 1.5 min. METHODS Effects of EGCG on bacterial viability, polyssacharide synthesis and biofilm acidogenesis were evaluated. The morphology and 3D structure of the biofilms were evaluated by scanning electron (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. RESULTS No significant change in S. mutans viability or culture medium pH were observed when comparing EGCG-treated and NaCl-treated biofilms. EGCG significantly reduced the accumulation of soluble and insoluble polysaccharides, resulting in the formation of a biofilm with interspaced exopolysaccharide-microcolony complexes unevenly distributed on enamel. The SEM images of the biofilm treated with EGCG depict multilayers of cells arranged in short chains of microorganisms adhered to an unstructured matrix, which is not continuous and does not enmesh or protect the microorganisms entirely. Importantly, confocal images demonstrated that treatment with EGCG affected the 3D structure and organization of S. mutans biofilm, which presented a biofilm matrix more confined to the location of the microcolonies. CONCLUSION In conclusion, EGCG lowered the virulence of S. mutans matrix-rich biofilm by reducing the synthesis of biofilm matrix components, altering the biofilm matrix structure, organization, and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gerusa Brito Aragão
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.
| | - Xuesong He
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carolina Patricia Aires
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Zeferino Vaz - Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida do Café S/N, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo 14040-904, Brazil
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Lee KH, Wang CY, Tsai YR, Huang SY, Huang WT, Kasimayan U, K P O M, Chiang YC. Epigallocatechin gallate-immobilized antimicrobial resin with rechargeable fluorinated synergistic composite for enhanced caries control. Dent Mater 2024; 40:407-419. [PMID: 38123384 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the global prevalence of dental caries, impacting 2.5 billion individuals, the development of sophisticated prevention filling materials is crucial. Streptococcus mutans, the principal caries-causing strain, produces acids that demineralize teeth and initiate dental caries. To address this issue, we aimed to develop a synergistic resin-based composite for enhancing caries control. METHODS The synergistic resin composite incorporates fluorinated kaolinite and silanized Al2O3 nanoparticle fillers into an epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) immobilized urethane-modified epoxy acrylate (U-EA) resin matrix, referred to the as-prepared resin composite. The EGCG-modified TPGDA/U-EA network was synthesized by preparing methacrylate-functionalized isocyanate (HI), reacting it with EGCG to form HI-EGCG, and then incorporating HI-EGCG into the TPGDA/U-EA matrix. The lamellar space within the kaolinite layer was expanded through the intercalation of acrylamide into kaolinite, enhancing its capability to adsorb and release fluoride ions (F-). The layered structure of acrylamide/ kaolinite in the U-EA resin composite acts as a F- reservoir. RESULTS The physico-mechanical properties of the as-prepared resin composites are comparable to those of commercial products, exhibiting lower polymerization shrinkage, substantial F- release and recharge and favorable diametral tensile strength. The immobilized EGCG in the composite exhibits potent antimicrobial properties, effectively reducing the biofilm biomass. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of EGCG and fluorinated kaolinite efficiently counteracts acid-induced hydroxyapatite dissolution, thereby suppressing demineralization and promoting enamel remineralization. SIGNIFICANCE Our innovative EGCG and fluoride synergistic composite provides enhanced antimicrobial properties, durable anti-demineralization, and tooth remineralization effects, positioning it as a promising solution for effective caries control and long-term dental maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Han Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Chang-de Street, Taipei 10016, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ying Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Chang-de Street, Taipei 10016, Taiwan; Division of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Rong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Chang-de Street, Taipei 10016, Taiwan; Division of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, 1, Chang-de Street, Taipei 10016, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ying Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Chang-de Street, Taipei 10016, Taiwan; Division of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, 1, Chang-de Street, Taipei 10016, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Te Huang
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Uma Kasimayan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Chang-de Street, Taipei 10016, Taiwan
| | - Mahesh K P O
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Chang-de Street, Taipei 10016, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Chang-de Street, Taipei 10016, Taiwan; Division of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, 1, Chang-de Street, Taipei 10016, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Cao X, Cheng XW, Liu YY, Dai HW, Gan RY. Inhibition of pathogenic microbes in oral infectious diseases by natural products: Sources, mechanisms, and challenges. Microbiol Res 2024; 279:127548. [PMID: 38016378 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of oral health is of utmost importance for an individual's holistic well-being and standard of living. Within the oral cavity, symbiotic microorganisms actively safeguard themselves against potential foreign diseases by upholding a multifaceted equilibrium. Nevertheless, the occurrence of an imbalance can give rise to a range of oral infectious ailments, such as dental caries, periodontitis, and oral candidiasis. Presently, clinical interventions encompass the physical elimination of pathogens and the administration of antibiotics to regulate bacterial and fungal infections. Given the limitations of various antimicrobial drugs frequently employed in dental practice, the rising incidence of oral inflammation, and the escalating bacterial resistance to antibiotics, it is imperative to explore alternative remedies that are dependable, efficacious, and affordable for the prevention and management of oral infectious ailments. There is an increasing interest in the creation of novel antimicrobial agents derived from natural sources, which possess attributes such as safety, cost-effectiveness, and minimal adverse effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of natural products on the development and progression of oral infectious diseases. Specifically, these products exert their influences by mitigating dental biofilm formation, impeding the proliferation of oral pathogens, and hindering bacterial adhesion to tooth surfaces. The review also encompasses an examination of the various classes of natural products, their antimicrobial mechanisms, and their potential therapeutic applications and limitations in the context of oral infections. The insights garnered from this review can support the promising application of natural products as viable therapeutic options for managing oral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cao
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Xing-Wang Cheng
- Center for Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yin-Ying Liu
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Hong-Wei Dai
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
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Reed KB, Pruitt E, Hansa Raj KC, Sharma AR, Medina-Bolivar F, Shields RC. Effect of peanut stilbenoids, arachidin-1 and arachidin-3, on Streptococcus mutans growth and acid production. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38225899 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2302316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study we evaluated the effect of prenylated peanut stilbenoids on the growth, biofilm accumulation and acid production of the dental caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans. Prior research with the non-prenylated stilbenes, resveratrol and piceatannol, has shown that these molecules are active against S. mutans. Here we sought to determine if the addition of a prenyl group to the stilbene backbone increased anti-S. mutans activities. Two prenylated stilbenes, arachidin-1 and arachidin-3, were produced using a peanut hairy root production system. Compared to resveratrol and piceatannol, both arachidin-1 and arachidin-3 led to greater inhibition of S. mutans planktonic growth. This effect also led to reduced biofilm formation, by inhibiting growth, instead of a specific action against biofilm cells. Lastly, sub-MIC concentrations of arachidin-3 reduced the acid production of S. mutans above the 'critical pH' that leads to tooth enamel erosion. In summary, stilbenoids have anti-S. mutans activity, and prenylation enhances this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Bryant Reed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
| | - Erin Pruitt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
| | - K C Hansa Raj
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
| | - Amit Raj Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
| | - Fabricio Medina-Bolivar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
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Aragão MGB, Tedesco AC, Borges HS, Aires CP, Corona SAM. Chitosan nanoparticles loaded with epigallocatechin-3-gallate: synthesis, characterisation, and effects against Streptococcus mutans biofilmEpigallocatechin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles: effects against Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38206896 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2302321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) against Streptococcus mutans biofilm. EGCG-loaded chitosan (Nchi + EGCG) nanoparticles and Chitosan (Nchi) nanoparticles were prepared by ion gelation process and characterised regarding particle size, polydispersion index, zeta potential, and accelerated stability. S mutans biofilms were treated twice daily with NaCl 0.9% (negative control), Nchi, Nchi + EGCG, and chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.12% (positive control). After 67 h, the biofilms were evaluated for acidogenesis, bacterial viability and dry weight. Biofilm morphology and structure were analysed by scanning electron microscopy. The nanoformulations presented medium to short-term stability, size of 500 nm, and polydispersion index around 0.400. Treatments affected cell morphology and biofilm structure. However, no effects on microbial viability, biofilm dry weight, and acidogenesis were observed. Thus, the nanoformulations disassembled the biofilm matrix without affecting microbial viability, which makes them promising candidates for the development of dental caries preventive and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gerusa Brito Aragão
- Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antônio Cláudio Tedesco
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Nanotecnologia, Engenharia de Tecidos, Fotobiologia e Fotomedicina, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Hiago Salge Borges
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Nanotecnologia, Engenharia de Tecidos, Fotobiologia e Fotomedicina, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Patrícia Aires
- Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Han JH, Lee EJ, Park W, Choi JG, Ha KT, Chung HS. Cosmosiin Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting PD-L1 Expression and Inducing ROS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2131. [PMID: 38136250 PMCID: PMC10740471 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies, particularly those concerning immune checkpoint inhibitors, have transformed cancer treatment in recent years. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a key target for immunotherapy that is overexpressed in the cells of colorectal cancer, a widespread malignant cancer that poses a significant healthcare challenge. This study investigated the effects of cosmosiin treatment on colorectal cancer cell lines. Cosmosiin is a naturally occurring flavone glycoside compound that has potential health benefits, including antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. This study showed that cosmosiin effectively suppresses the expression of PD-L1 and triggers apoptosis, which is facilitated through pathways that are related to reactive oxygen species. These outcomes suggest that cosmosiin could be a promising candidate for an immune checkpoint inhibitor in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Han
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (J.H.H.); (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.)
| | - Eun-Ji Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (J.H.H.); (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.)
| | - Wonyoung Park
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (W.P.); (K.-T.H.)
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (J.H.H.); (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.)
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (W.P.); (K.-T.H.)
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (J.H.H.); (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.)
- Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, University of Science and Technology (UST), KIOM Campus, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
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Kim H, Han CY, Eun SH, Kim MG, Im AR, Lee B. Inhibitory effects of Bacillus velezensis ID-A01 supernatant against Streptococcus mutans. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:362. [PMID: 37996837 PMCID: PMC10668352 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is a chronic oral disease caused by microbial infections, which result in erosion of the dental enamel and cause irreversible damage. Therefore, proper disease management techniques and the creation of an environment that prevents intraoral growth and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans in the early stages, are crucial to prevent the potential progression of dental plaque to disease. Here, we aimed to investigate antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of the Bacillus velezensis ID-A01 supernatant (ID23029) against S. mutans, and its inhibitory effects on acidogenesis. RESULTS A killing kinetics assay showed a peak lethality percentage of 94.5% after 6 h of exposure to ID23029. In sucrose-exposed conditions, ID23029 inhibited lactic acid formation, preventing the pH from falling below the threshold for enamel demineralization, and inhibited up to 96.6% of biofilm formation. This effect was maintained in the presence of lysozyme. Furthermore, ID23029 retained up to 92% lethality, even at an intraoral concentration at which lysozyme is ineffective against S. mutans. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the potential of the B. velezensis ID-A01 supernatant for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. Its eventual use in dental practice is encouraged, although further studies are required to confirm its beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeoungeun Kim
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 20, Samsung 1-ro 1-gil, Hwaseong-si 18449, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Young Han
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 20, Samsung 1-ro 1-gil, Hwaseong-si 18449, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Eun
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 20, Samsung 1-ro 1-gil, Hwaseong-si 18449, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Goo Kim
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 20, Samsung 1-ro 1-gil, Hwaseong-si 18449, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Rang Im
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 20, Samsung 1-ro 1-gil, Hwaseong-si 18449, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghun Lee
- Research Laboratories, Ildong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 20, Samsung 1-ro 1-gil, Hwaseong-si 18449, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbum-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea.
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Saha S, Boesch C, Maycock J, Wood S, Do T. Sweet Orange Juice Processing By-Product Extracts: A Caries Management Alternative to Chlorhexidine. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1607. [PMID: 38002290 PMCID: PMC10669069 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases globally in both children and adults. This study investigated the potential of industrial sweet orange waste extracts (ISOWE) as a substitute for chlorhexidine (CHX) in managing dental caries. First, the cytotoxicity of ISOWE (40, 80, 120 mg/mL) and CHX (0.1 and 0.2%) on buccal epithelial cells was determined. ISOWE exhibited no overall toxicity, whereas CHX strongly affected cell viability. The combination of ISOWE and CHX significantly enhanced cell proliferation compared to CHX alone. Next, the antimicrobial efficacy of ISOWE, CHX, and their combination was assessed against a 7-day complex biofilm model inoculated with oral samples from human volunteers. CHX exhibited indiscriminate antimicrobial action, affecting both pathogenic and health-associated oral microorganisms. ISOWE demonstrated lower antimicrobial efficacy than CHX but showed enhanced efficacy against pathogenic species while preserving the oral microbiome's balance. When applied to a cariogenic biofilm, the combined treatment of ISOWE with 0.1% CHX showed similar efficacy to 0.2% CHX treatment alone. Overall, the findings suggest that ISOWE is a promising natural anti-cariogenic agent with lower toxicity and enhanced selectivity for pathogenic species compared to CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvro Saha
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.S.)
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.S.)
| | - Joanne Maycock
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.S.)
| | - Simon Wood
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Thuy Do
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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Amanpour S, Akbari Javar M, Sarhadinejad Z, Doustmohammadi M, Moghadari M, Sarhadynejad Z. A systematic review of medicinal plants and herbal products' effectiveness in oral health and dental cure with health promotion approach. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:306. [PMID: 38023092 PMCID: PMC10670971 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1297_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants and herbal drugs are being used increasingly as part of primary health care in most parts of the world. As important adjunctive and alternative treatments for oral health care, herbal products' use may continue to increase and become more widespread. The objective of this study is to present a comprehensive systematic review of the current published literature on the effectiveness of medicinal plants and herbal products employed to improve oral health in adolescents with a health promotion approach. The systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The keywords "herbal medicine," "herbal extract," "herbal supplements," "plant extract," "natural drug," "pulpitis," "dental caries," "oral viral diseases," and "abscess" were used in combination with the Boolean operators OR and AND. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The search yielded 49 original research studies. A total of 22 studies had low or unclear risk bias. The geographical distribution of included studies was primarily concentrated on western countries. Overall, studies reported herbal product users' age, ranging from young adults aged 18 years to elderly people aged 75 years or older. Most studies reported multiple compounds, including herbal drugs and herbal extracts. Chamomile and Aloe vera were the most frequently reported herbal compounds. The most commonly described herbal products to treat oral diseases were gels, mouth rinses, and pastes. The studies included a range of people with oral diseases, including periodontal and gingival diseases, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, oral lichen planus, and oral candidiasis. Herbal product interventions were found to be effective and safe alternatives for oral health care. One of the most important goals of the World Health Organization (until 2015) is the oral health index, so it is important that dental services be followed up more seriously. Considering the problems in reaching this goal of the World Health Organization in our country, herbal products have the ability to improve clinical oral health outcomes in adolescents. Limited adverse side effects indicate the overall safety of these treatments for a wide range of oral diseases. Therefore, the use of medicinal plants as well as alternative medicine is one of the useful methods in achieving this important goal of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Amanpour
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahsa Akbari Javar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sarhadinejad
- Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Mohammadmahdi Doustmohammadi
- Health in Disasters and Emergencies Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Moghadari
- Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Persian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zarrin Sarhadynejad
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Persian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Zhou Y, Liu Z, Wen J, Zhou Y, Lin H. The inhibitory effect of berberine chloride hydrate on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation at different pH values. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0217023. [PMID: 37747238 PMCID: PMC10580975 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02170-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the major cariogenic bacteria of dental caries owing to its ability to adhere to tooth surfaces and biofilm formation. Berberine chloride hydrate (BH), a quaternary ammonium salt alkaloid, has diverse pharmacological efforts against microorganisms. However, the effect of BH on S. mutans biofilm has not been reported. Considering that berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt alkaloid, which needs to adapt to a large variation in pH values and the acid resistance of S. mutans, we employed three groups including pH 5 (acidic), pH 8 (alkaline), and unprocessed group (neutral) to examine the antibiofilm activities of BH against S. mutans during different pH values. In this study, we found BH effectively suppresses S. mutans biofilm formation as well as its cariogenic virulence including acid production and EPS synthesis significantly, and the inhibitory effort was reduced under acidic condition whereas elevated under alkaline condition. In addition, we preliminarily explored the influence of pH values on the structural stability and biosafety of BHas well as the underlying mechanism of inhibition of S. mutans biofilm formation with BH. Our study showed BH could maintain a good structural stability and low toxicity to erythrocytes at different pH values. And BH could downregulate the expression of srtA, spaP, and gbpC, which play critical roles in the adhesion process, promoting bacterial colonization and biofilm formation. Furthermore, comX and ldh expression levels were downregulated in BH-treated group, which might explain its inhibitory effect on acid production.IMPORTANCEDental caries is a common chronic detrimental disease, which could cause a series of oral problem including oral pain, difficulties in eating, and so on. Recently, many natural products have been considered as fundamental sources of therapeutic drugs to prevent caries. Berberine as a plant extract showed good antibiofilm abilities against microorganism. Our study focuses on its antibiofilm abilities against S. mutans, which was defined as major cariogenic bacterium and explored the role of pH values and possible underlying mechanisms in the inhibitory effect of BH on S. mutans biofilm formation. This study demonstrated a promising prospect for BH as an adjuvant drug in the prevention and management of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoying Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huancai Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Cesur S, Ilhan E, Tut TA, Kaya E, Dalbayrak B, Bosgelmez-Tinaz G, Arısan ED, Gunduz O, Kijeńska-Gawrońska E. Design of Cinnamaldehyde- and Gentamicin-Loaded Double-Layer Corneal Nanofiber Patches with Antibiofilm and Antimicrobial Effects. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28109-28121. [PMID: 37576652 PMCID: PMC10413367 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two-layer poly(vinyl alcohol)/gelatin (PVA/GEL) nanofiber patches containing cinnamaldehyde (CA) in the first layer and gentamicin (GEN) in the second layer were produced by the electrospinning method. The morphology, chemical structures, and thermal temperatures of the produced pure (PVA/GEL), CA-loaded (PVA/GEL/CA), GEN-loaded (PVA/GEL/GEN), and combined drug-loaded (PVA/GEL/CA/GEN) nanofiber patches were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Their mechanical properties, swelling and degradation behavior, and drug release kinetics were investigated. SEM images showed that both drug-free and drug-loaded nanofiber patches possess smooth and monodisperse structures, and nanofiber size increase occurred as the amount of drug increased. The tensile test results showed that the mechanical strength decreased as the drug was loaded. According to the drug release results, CA release ended at the 96th hour, while GEN release continued until the 264th hour. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of PVA/GEL, PVA/GEL/CA, PVA/GEL/GEN, and PVA/GEL/CA/GEN nanofiber patches against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated. Results showed that PVA/GEL/GEN and PVA/GEL/CA/GEN nanofiber patches have excellent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. Moreover, all materials were biocompatible, with no cytotoxic effects in the mammalian cell model for 8 days. PVA/GEL/GEN nanofiber patches were the most promising material for a high cell survival ratio, which was confirmed by SEM images. This research aims to develop an alternative method to stop and treat the rapid progression of bacterial keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyye Cesur
- Center
for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Elif Ilhan
- Center
for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Tufan Arslan Tut
- Center
for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Elif Kaya
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Basak Dalbayrak
- Department
of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gulgun Bosgelmez-Tinaz
- Department
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Elif Damla Arısan
- Department
of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Gunduz
- Center
for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Ewa Kijeńska-Gawrońska
- Centre
for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of
Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw
University of Technology, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Rudin L, Bornstein MM, Shyp V. Inhibition of biofilm formation and virulence factors of cariogenic oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans by natural flavonoid phloretin. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2230711. [PMID: 37416858 PMCID: PMC10321187 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2230711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the effect and mechanism of action of the flavonoid phloretin on the growth and sucrose-dependent biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. Methods Minimum inhibitory concentration, viability, and biofilm susceptibility assays were conducted to assess antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect of phloretin. Biofilm composition and structure were analysed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Water-soluble (WSG) and water-insoluble glucan (WIG) were determined using anthrone method. Lactic acid measurements and acid tolerance assay were performed to assess acidogenicity and aciduricity. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the expression of virulence genes essential for surface attachment, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing. Results Phloretin inhibited S. mutans growth and viability in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it reduced gtfB and gtfC gene expression, correlating with the reduction of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS)/bacteria and WIG/WSG ratio. Inhibition of comED and luxS gene expression, involved in stress tolerance, was associated with compromised acidogenicity and aciduricity of S. mutans. Conclusions Phloretin exhibits antibacterial properties against S. mutans, modulates acid production and tolerance, and reduces biofilm formation. Clinical significance Phloretin is a promising natural compound with pronounced inhibitory effect on key virulence factors of the cariogenic pathogen, S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Rudin
- Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael M. Bornstein
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Head of the Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel. Mattenstrasse 40, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Viktoriya Shyp
- Postdoctoral Researcher. Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel. Mattenstrasse 40, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Gayas Z, Azher U, Paul ST, Selvan A, Reddy CD, Raghu D, Uday V. Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Fluoride-Based and Self-Assembling Peptide P 11-4-based Tooth Remineralization Agents on Streptococcus mutans: A Microbiological Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2023; 14:141-144. [PMID: 37547429 PMCID: PMC10399806 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_631_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is a biofilm-related oral disease that continues to afflict the majority of the world's population. The disease results from an interaction between specific bacteria and dietary constituents within a biofilm known as dental plaque. Among the cariogenic microorganisms, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) plays pivotal role in caries-inducing processes. Objectives Evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of self-assembling peptide P11-4-based tooth remineralization agents on S. mutans. Materials and Methods An in vitro microbiological study. The antibacterial efficacy of self-assembling peptide P11-4 gel (Group 1), fluoride enhanced hydroxyapatite gel (Group 2), acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (Group 3), chlorhexidine gluconate gel 1.0% w/w (Group 4; positive control), and normal saline (Group 5; negative control) was performed using time-kill assay over a period of 24 h and the number of S. mutans colony-forming units (CFUs) were calculated. Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was done using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney post hoc Test. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results Group 1 showed mean CFUs (× 103) of 841.33 ± 3.51, Group 2 showed 10035.33 ± 60.68, Group 3 showed 1058.00 ± 56.96, Group 4 showed 0.00 ± 0.00, and Group 5 showed mean CFUs with 15226.67 ± 96.67. The difference in the mean CFUs (× 103) between different groups was statistically significant at P < 0.001. Conclusion The self-assembling peptide P11-4-based tooth remineralization agent exhibited an inhibitory influence on S. mutans and hence formation of cariogenic bacteria dominant biofilm can thus be affected by its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaina Gayas
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Umme Azher
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Santhosh T Paul
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arul Selvan
- Department of Microbiology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - C Divya Reddy
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - D Raghu
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishnu Uday
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Sai S, Abisha VMJ, Mahalakshmi K, Veronica AK, Susila AV. Treasure from trash - Is Ecoenzyme the new panacea in conservative dentistry and endodontics? J Conserv Dent 2023; 26:176-181. [PMID: 37205894 PMCID: PMC10190087 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_473_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Endodontic biofilm eradication is achieved by chemo-mechanical disinfection. The search for a safer, nontoxic irrigant led us to a natural product, Ecoenzyme. Aim This study aims to analyze Ecoenzyme (EE) and explore its antimicrobial and biofilm disrupting activity against a 1-week mature multi-species biofilm. Materials and Methods Qualitative assessment of the phytochemicals present in EE was conducted. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration, and zone of inhibition (ZOI) were recorded. Multi-species biofilm of Streptococcus mutans (MTCC 497), Lactobacillus acidophilus (MTCC 10307), and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) was grown and time-kill assay was performed to test biofilm disruption for EE, 3.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (control). Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA with post hoc analysis were conducted for ZOI and time-kill assay, respectively. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results EE contained secondary metabolites having antibacterial properties. MIC was 25% (S. mutans), 50% (E. faecalis), and >50% (L. acidophilus). EE disrupted ~90% of biofilm species in 5 min of exposure while NaOCl achieved ~99.9% reduction. Further reduction by EE progressed over 20 min after which no viable bacteria in the biofilm was cultivable. Conclusions Lemon peel Ecoenzyme (EE) is antimicrobial with effective biofilm-disrupting properties on a mature multi-species biofilm. However, its effects were slower than 3.5% sodium hypochlorite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamini Sai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Madha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V. M. J. Abisha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Madha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Mahalakshmi
- Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aruna Kumari Veronica
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Madha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand V. Susila
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Madha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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15
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Effect of Extracts, Fractions, and Isolated Molecules of Casearia sylvestris to Control Streptococcus mutans Cariogenic Biofilm. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020329. [PMID: 36830240 PMCID: PMC9952592 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of extracts, fractions, and molecules of Casearia sylvestris to control the cariogenic biofilm of Streptococcus mutans were evaluated. First, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm (initial and pre-formed biofilms) in prolonged exposure (24 h) models were investigated. Second, formulations (with and without fluoride) were assessed for topical effects (brief exposure) on biofilms. Third, selected treatments were evaluated via bacterium growth inhibition curves associated with gene expression and scanning electron microscopy. In initial biofilms, the ethyl acetate (AcOEt) and ethanolic (EtOH) fractions from Brasília (BRA/DF; 250 µg/mL) and Presidente Venceslau/SP (Water/EtOH 60:40 and Water/EtOH 40:60; 500 µg/mL) reduced ≥6-logs vs. vehicle. Only the molecule Caseargrewiin F (CsF; 125 µg/mL) reduced the viable cell count of pre-formed biofilms (5 logs vs. vehicle). For topical effects, no formulation affected biofilm components. For the growth inhibition assay, CsF yielded a constant recovery of surviving cells (≅3.5 logs) until 24 h (i.e., bacteriostatic), and AcOEt_BRA/DF caused progressive cell death, without cells at 24 h (i.e., bactericidal). CsF and AcOEt_BRA/DF damaged S. mutans cells and influenced the expression of virulence genes. Thus, an effect against biofilms occurred after prolonged exposure due to the bacteriostatic and/or bactericidal capacity of a fraction and a molecule from C. sylvestris.
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16
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Biofilm ecology associated with dental caries: Understanding of microbial interactions in oral communities leads to development of therapeutic strategies targeting cariogenic biofilms. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 122:27-75. [PMID: 37085193 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
A biofilm is a sessile community characterized by cells attached to the surface and organized into a complex structural arrangement. Dental caries is a biofilm-dependent oral disease caused by infection with cariogenic pathogens, such as Streptococcus mutans, and associated with frequent exposure to a sugar-rich diet and poor oral hygiene. The virulence of cariogenic biofilms is often associated with the spatial organization of S. mutans enmeshed with exopolysaccharides on tooth surfaces. However, in the oral cavity, S. mutans does not act alone, and several other microbes contribute to cariogenic biofilm formation. Microbial communities in cariogenic biofilms are spatially organized into complex structural arrangements of various microbes and extracellular matrices. The balance of microbiota diversity with reduced diversity and a high proportion of acidogenic-aciduric microbiota within the biofilm is closely related to the disease state. Understanding the characteristics of polymicrobial biofilms and the association of microbial interactions within the biofilm (e.g., symbiosis, cooperation, and competition) in terms of their potential role in the pathogenesis of oral disease would help develop new strategies for interventions in virulent biofilm formation.
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17
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Fang GY, Mu XJ, Huang BW, Wu GZ, Jiang YJ. Fungal biodiversity and interaction complexity were the important drivers of multifunctionality for flavor production in a spontaneously fermented vinegar. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Rabe A, Gesell Salazar M, Michalik S, Kocher T, Below H, Völker U, Welk A. Impact of different oral treatments on the composition of the supragingival plaque microbiome. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2138251. [PMID: 36338832 PMCID: PMC9629129 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2138251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental plaque consists of a diverse microbial community embedded in a complex structure of exopolysaccharides. Dental biofilms form a natural barrier against pathogens but lead to oral diseases in a dysbiotic state. Objective Using a metaproteome approach combined with a standard plaque-regrowth study, this pilot study examined the impact of different concentrations of lactoperoxidase (LPO) on early plaque formation, and active biological processes. Design Sixteen orally healthy subjects received four local treatments as a randomized single-blind study based on a cross-over design. Two lozenges containing components of the LPO-system in different concentrations were compared to a placebo and Listerine®. The newly formed dental plaque was analyzed by mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). Results On average 1,916 metaproteins per sample were identified, which could be assigned to 116 genera and 1,316 protein functions. Listerine® reduced the number of metaproteins and their relative abundance, confirming the plaque inhibiting effect. The LPO-lozenges triggered mainly higher metaprotein abundances of early and secondary colonizers as well as bacteria associated with dental health but also periodontitis. Functional information indicated plaque biofilm growth. Conclusion In conclusion, the mechanisms on plaque biofilm formation of Listerine® and the LPO-system containing lozenges are different. In contrast to Listerine®, the lozenges led to a higher bacterial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rabe
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17475Greifswald, Germany,CONTACT Alexander Rabe University Medicine Greifswald, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489Greifswald, Germany
| | - Manuela Gesell Salazar
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17475Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Michalik
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17475Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Center for Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School of University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstraße 42-44, 17489
| | - Harald Below
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walter-Rathenau-Straße 49 A17475Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17475Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Welk
- Center for Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School of University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstraße 42-44, 17489
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Zhao Y, He X, Wang H, Wang H, Shi Z, Zhu S, Cui Z. Polyphenol-Enriched Extract of Lacquer Sap Used as a Dentine Primer with Benefits of Improving Collagen Cross-Linking and Antibacterial Functions. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3741-3753. [PMID: 35793160 PMCID: PMC9472228 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Commercial dentin adhesive systems are applied to restorations due to their resistant bonding properties, but they suffer from the lack of bioactivity and are prone to hydrolysis. Therefore, to overcome these limitations, an eco-friendly natural monomer, urushiol, was adopted to be a primer in dentin bonding due to its interaction with collagen and antibacterial activity, preventing further hydrolysis development. First, urushiol was determined to be capable of improving the biological stability of dentin collagen through cross-linking. Using high-fidelity analytical chemistry techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we quantified the effects of urushiol on collagen molecules. It could also effectively decrease weight loss after collagenase ingestion by improving the stability of dentin. Moreover, urushiol inhibited Streptococcus mutans growth as well as its biofilm formation. Finally, we demonstrated that the urushiol primer could improve the bonding strength, particularly after aging. The cross-linking and antibacterial functions of urushiol have provided promising developmental prospects for biomaterials in dentin adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department
of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xi He
- Department
of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Department
of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department
of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Zuosen Shi
- State
Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R.
China
| | - Song Zhu
- Department
of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Zhanchen Cui
- State
Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R.
China
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Alkhalefa N, Khaliel S, Tahoon A, Shaban H, Magouz A, Ghabban H, Lokman MS, Elmahallawy EK. In vitro investigation of the antiviral activity of propolis and chitosan nanoparticles against the genotype VII Newcastle disease virus. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:947641. [PMID: 36090167 PMCID: PMC9453155 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.947641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is considered a serious threat to global poultry production. Despite the availability of vaccines, it remains a major devastating epidemic responsible for great economic losses. The development of novel virus-controlling strategies is therefore an urgent need. The present study investigated for the first time the antiviral efficacy of propolis and chitosan nanoparticles against two NDV isolates, MW881875 and MW881876, recovered from vaccinated commercial broiler farms in KafrEl Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. The polygenetic analysis focused on the F and M genes, with one isolate having a 97% identity with the genotype VII NDV Israeli strain. On the other hand, the identified isolates showed high genetic variation and only 76% identity with the LaSota vaccine (genotype II). More interestingly, the cell cytotoxic concentrations of chitosan, propolis, and a propolis–chitosan mixture against Vero cells were 327.41 ± 12.63, 109.48 ± 8.36, and 231.78 ± 11.46 μg/ml, respectively. The median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay demonstrated that the nanoparticles have antiviral effects after NDV exposure resulting in significant decrease in viral titer (TCID50) by 2, 2.66, and 2.5 log10 at 62 μg/ml of chitosan, 13 μg/ml of propolis, and 30 μg/ml of the propolis–chitosan mixture, respectively, compared with the control TCID50 value of 4 log10. Taken together, the results provide novel insights into the potentially promising roles of propolis and chitosan as novel, safe, and effective antiviral agents against NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Alkhalefa
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheik University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Samy Khaliel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdelnaby Tahoon
- Animal Health Research Institute, Kafrelsheik Lab, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan Shaban
- Animal Health Research Institute, Kafrelsheik Lab, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Magouz
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheik University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Ghabban
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha S. Lokman
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
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Aragão MGB, Aires CP, Corona SAM. Effects of the green tea catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate on S treptococcus mutans planktonic cultures and biofilms: systematic literature review of in vitro studies. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:687-695. [PMID: 36017657 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2116320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at performing a systematic review of the literature on the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on Streptococcus mutans planktonic cultures and biofilms. The selected references demonstrated that EGCG suppresses S. mutans acid production by inhibiting the activity of enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase and FIF0-ATPase. Regarding virulence factors, one study reported a reduction in soluble and insoluble polysaccharide synthesis, another demonstrated that EGCG inhibited GTase activity, and another showed effects of EGCG on the expression of gtf B, C, and D. The effects of EGCG on S. mutans biofilms were reported only by 2 of the selected studies. Moreover, high variability in effective concentrations and microbial assessment methods were observed. The literature suggests that EGCG has effects against S. mutans planktonic cells viability and virulence factors. However, the literature lacks studies with appropriate biofilm models to evaluate the precise effectiveness of EGCG against S. mutans biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gerusa Brito Aragão
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Patrícia Aires
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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22
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Does the use of natural products for endodontic therapy in primary teeth have sufficient evidence for clinical practice? A scoping review. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6043-6060. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Demirez Bircan Z, Aydinoglu S, Arslan I, Alpay Karaoglu S, Yurteri E, Bozdeveci A. Comparative evaluation of various herbal extracts on biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Scardovia wiggsiae: An in vitro study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2022; 32:514-526. [PMID: 34564912 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to their strong antimicrobial properties, Helichrysum arenarium (HA), Anzer thyme (AT), and Stevia rebaudiana (SR) have been commonly used in medicine. AIM This study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial activities of HA, AT, and SR against S. mutans and S. wiggsiae in biofilms formed on primary teeth. DESIGN Fifty enamel samples were divided into two groups: mono-species biofilm and two-species biofilm. Each biofilm group was divided into five subgroups (n = 5): group 1, HA; group 2, AT; group 3, SR; group 4, CHX (positive control); and group 5, distilled water (negative control). Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined. The number of viable microorganisms was counted. The presence of microorganisms was examined using a scanning electron microscope, and mineral analysis was performed using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. RESULTS In the mono-species biofilm, CHX was significantly more effective against S. mutans than other groups (p < .001). Furthermore, HA, AT, and SR groups showed significantly lower colony counts of S. mutans than distilled water (p < .05). In the two-species biofilm group, AT, SR, and CHX were significantly more effective against S. wiggsiae than distilled water (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS HA, AT, and SR have been suggested as effective natural alternatives to CHX against cariogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Demirez Bircan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sema Aydinoglu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ipek Arslan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Sengul Alpay Karaoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Recep Tayyip Erdogan Universitye, Rize, Turkey
| | - Emine Yurteri
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Arif Bozdeveci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Recep Tayyip Erdogan Universitye, Rize, Turkey
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24
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Comparative Genomics Unveils the Habitat Adaptation and Metabolic Profiles of
Clostridium
in an Artificial Ecosystem for Liquor Production. mSystems 2022; 7:e0029722. [PMID: 35491831 PMCID: PMC9238394 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00297-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pit mud is a typical artificial ecosystem for Chinese liquor production.
Clostridium
inhabiting pit mud plays essential roles in the flavor formation of strong-flavor baijiu. The relative abundance of
Clostridium
increased with pit mud quality, further influencing the quality of baijiu.
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25
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de Assis EL, Silveira FD, da Ponte AVA, Regis RR. A Systematic Review of the Potential Effects of Lippia sidoides on Dental Plaque and Periodontal Diseases. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:341-355. [PMID: 34598290 DOI: 10.1055/a-1554-6947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lippia sidoides is a typical shrub from Brazil that has been used in traditional medicine. This is a systematic review on the effect of L. sidoides for controlling dental plaque, gingivitis, and periodontitis. A database search through May 2021 in Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, BVS, and Web of Science identified 711 reports of which 17 met our inclusion criteria. Five randomized controlled trials and three animal studies were included that compared L. sidoides-based products (toothpaste, mouthrinse, and gel) to cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, and placebo products. Among the human studies, a significant antiplaque effect after treatment with L. sidoides-based products was observed in three studies and an antigingivitis effect in two studies, similar to chlorhexidine-based products. One study found superior dental plaque reduction compared to cetylpyridinium chloride mouthrinse. Only one study testing a L. sidoides gel found no antiplaque effect. Among the animal studies, an L. sidoides mouthrinse significantly reduced calculus in two studies, inflammatory infiltrate in one study, and plaque bacteria and gingivitis in one study. An L. sidoides gel significantly reduced alveolar bone loss and inflammatory response in one study in which mice were submitted to ligature-induced periodontal disease. In general, L. sidoides-based products were effective in reducing dental plaque and calculus formation, as well as clinical signs of gingivitis. As most studies present methodological limitations, these results should be interpreted carefully. Further clinical trials with greater methodological accuracy and control of biases are necessary for the use of L. sidoides-based products in humans to be viable in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Lima de Assis
- Post-graduation Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry, and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dantas Silveira
- Post-graduation Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry, and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alan Victor Araújo da Ponte
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry, and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Rocha Regis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry, and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
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26
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Pandiyan I, Rathinavelu PK, Arumugham MI, D S, Balasubramaniam A. Efficacy of Chitosan and Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on Dental Plaque and Gingival Inflammation: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e23318. [PMID: 35464533 PMCID: PMC9014838 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouthwash is the effective chemical plaque control mechanism being practiced globally. Teeth and tongue discoloration, a temporary change in taste perception, an increase in calculus deposits, a burning sensation, and genotoxicity of buccal epithelial cells are all possible side effects. This review evaluates the efficacy of chitosan mouthwash in comparison to chlorhexidine mouthwash in combating plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. Electronic databases such as Medline, Cochrane, LILACS, TRIP, Google scholar, and clinical trial registries (CTRI) for ongoing trials were searched with appropriate medical subheadings (MeSH) and search terms. Randomized clinical trials comparing the efficacy of chitosan mouthwash and chlorhexidine mouthwash on dental plaque accumulation and gingivitis were included. The outcome variables of interest were plaque index, gingival index, gingival bleeding index, and colony-forming unit (CFU/ml). All data from the included studies were extracted in a customized extraction sheet. The risk of bias across the studies was assessed using the Cochrane tool for intervention (ROB-2), which consisted of six domains. Of the included three studies, we found one study with an overall low risk of bias and two studies with an overall high risk of bias across the domains. Though there was a significant reduction in plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, and colony-forming units on the use of chitosan mouthwash and chlorhexidine mouthwash separately, all three included studies reported that a combination of both be more effective.
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27
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A Potential “Vitaminic Strategy” against Caries and Halitosis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans and Fusobacterium nucleatum are two key bacteria of the oral microbiota. Due to their ability to form biofilms on oral tissues, they are both involved in the onset of the most common oral diseases. F. nucleatum is also the principal producer of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), causative of the awkward bad breath of halitosis. In this study, the oral product Vea® Oris, made by vitamin E and capric/caprylic acid only, was evaluated as a potential treatment for the most common oral diseases. Different concentrations of the product were tested against both S. mutans and F. nucleatum. The effect on planktonic and biofilm growth was investigated for both strains, and for F. nucleatum, the influence on H2S production was evaluated. From our data, the product did not relevantly reduce the planktonic growth of both strains, whereas it validly counteracted biofilm assemblage. Moreover, an interesting trend of H2S reduction was highlighted. Overall, these results suggested, on the one hand, a synergistic antimicrobial–antibiofilm action of two Vea® Oris components and, together, potential modulation activity on H2S production. However, the study should be implemented to confirm these only preliminary findings, certainly extending the panel of tested bacteria and using alternative methods of detection.
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28
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Roncari Rocha G, Sims KR, Xiao B, Klein MI, Benoit DSW. Nanoparticle carrier co-delivery of complementary antibiofilm drugs abrogates dual species cariogenic biofilm formation in vitro. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 14:1997230. [PMID: 34868474 PMCID: PMC8635615 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1997230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by pathogenic biofilm. In particular, Streptococcus mutans synthesizes biofilm exopolysaccharides, while Candida albicans is associated with the development of severe carious lesions. Aim This study aimed to prevent the formation of S. mutans and C. albicans biofilms by exploiting pH-sensitive nanoparticle carriers (NPCs) with high affinity to exopolysaccharides to increase the substantivity of multi-targeted antibiofilm drugs introduced topically in vitro. Methods Dual-species biofilms were grown on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs with sucrose. Twice-daily, 1.5 min topical treatment regimens of unloaded and drug-loaded NPC were used. Drugs included combinations of two or three compounds with distinct, complementary antibiofilm targets: tt-farnesol (terpenoid; bacterial acid tolerance, fungal quorum sensing), myricetin (flavonoid; exopolysaccharides inhibitor), and 1771 (lipoteichoic acid inhibitor; bacterial adhesion and co-aggregation). Biofilms were evaluated for biomass, microbial population, and architecture. Results NPC delivering tt-farnesol and 1771 with or without myricetin completely prevented biofilm formation by impeding biomass accumulation, bacterial and fungal population growth, and exopolysaccharide matrix deposition (vs. control unloaded NPC). Both formulations hindered acid production, maintaining the pH of spent media above the threshold for enamel demineralization. However, treatments had no effect on pre-established dual-species biofilms. Conclusion Complementary antibiofilm drug-NPC treatments prevented biofilm formation by targeting critical virulence factors of acidogenicity and exopolysaccharides synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Roncari Rocha
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth R Sims
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Baixue Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marlise I Klein
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Ny, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Ny, USA.,Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Ny, USA
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29
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Yang B, Pang X, Li Z, Chen Z, Wang Y. Immunomodulation in the Treatment of Periodontitis: Progress and Perspectives. Front Immunol 2021; 12:781378. [PMID: 34868054 PMCID: PMC8640126 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.781378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common dental diseases. Compared with healthy periodontal tissues, the immune microenvironment plays the key role in periodontitis by allowing the invasion of pathogens. It is possible that modulating the immune microenvironment can supplement traditional treatments and may even promote periodontal regeneration by using stem cells, bacteria, etc. New anti-inflammatory therapies can enhance the generation of a viable local immune microenvironment and promote cell homing and tissue formation, thereby achieving higher levels of immune regulation and tissue repair. We screened recent studies to summarize the advances of the immunomodulatory treatments for periodontitis in the aspects of drug therapy, microbial therapy, stem cell therapy, gene therapy and other therapies. In addition, we included the changes of immune cells and cytokines in the immune microenvironment of periodontitis in the section of drug therapy so as to make it clearer how the treatments took effects accordingly. In the future, more research needs to be done to improve immunotherapy methods and understand the risks and long-term efficacy of these methods in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefei Pang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuofan Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Elnagdy S, Raptopoulos M, Kormas I, Pedercini A, Wolff LF. Local Oral Delivery Agents with Anti-Biofilm Properties for the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implantitis. A Narrative Review. Molecules 2021; 26:5661. [PMID: 34577132 PMCID: PMC8467993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite many discoveries over the past 20 years regarding the etiopathogenesis of periodontal and peri-implant diseases, as well as significant advances in our understanding of microbial biofilms, the incidence of these pathologies continues to rise. For this reason, it was clear that other strategies were needed to eliminate biofilms. In this review, the literature database was searched for studies on locally delivered synthetic agents that exhibit anti-biofilm properties and their potential use in the treatment of two important oral diseases: periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk Elnagdy
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.); (I.K.); (A.P.); (L.F.W.)
| | - Michail Raptopoulos
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.); (I.K.); (A.P.); (L.F.W.)
| | - Ioannis Kormas
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.); (I.K.); (A.P.); (L.F.W.)
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Alessandro Pedercini
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.); (I.K.); (A.P.); (L.F.W.)
| | - Larry F. Wolff
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.R.); (I.K.); (A.P.); (L.F.W.)
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31
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The Antimicrobial Effect of Pomegranate Peel Extract versus Chlorhexidine in High Caries Risk Individuals Using Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Randomized Triple-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:5563945. [PMID: 34512759 PMCID: PMC8424245 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5563945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the antibacterial effectiveness of chlorhexidine and PPE oral rinse on S. mutans, Lactobacilli, and Veillonella, in clinical salivary samples of patients with advanced stages of dental caries at baseline and two and four weeks with PCR technique. This triple-blind randomized clinical trial involved 60 high caries risk adult patients, 19–59 years of age, randomly allocated into two groups of 30 subjects each. The intervention group received pomegranate peel extract mouthwash, whereas the control group received chlorhexidine mouthwash. Unstimulated pooled saliva was collected from the floor of the mouth before and after the intervention. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to analyze the bacterial copies of each salivary sample at baseline and two and four weeks. The significance level was fixed at 5% (α = 0.05). Overall comparison of antimicrobial effectiveness across both groups revealed insignificant outcomes. The control group evinced a significant reduction in S. mutans between a specific time, i.e., baseline and 4 weeks (p=0.043). PPE oral rinse as a natural product or ecological alternative was effective in disrupting activity across all microorganisms tested in this triple-blind RCT; however, the nutraceutical, when compared to chlorhexidine, was not as effective against S. mutans.
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32
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Kaur M, Geurs NC, Cobb CM, Otomo-Corgel J, Takesh T, Lee JH, Lam TM, Lin K, Nguyen A, Nguyen BL, Wilder-Smith P. Evaluating efficacy of a novel dentifrice in reducing probing depths in Stage I and II periodontitis maintenance patients: A randomized, double-blind, positive controlled clinical trial. J Periodontol 2021; 92:1286-1294. [PMID: 33331040 PMCID: PMC9984250 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compliance to periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) is essential for long-term periodontal health. Between PMT visits, patients must maintain good oral hygiene. A dentifrice with demonstrable clinical benefits for use between PMT visits would be highly desirable. The aim of this clinical study was to investigate the effect of a novel dental gel on probing depths (PD) and inflammation when used as a home care dentifrice in Stage I and II periodontitis patients. METHODS This double-blind clinical study randomized 65 subjects with Stage I and II periodontitis to the novel dental gel containing 2.6% EDTA, and a commercially available anti-gingivitis dentifrice with 0.454% stannous fluoride. Primary endpoint was PD at 6 months for those sites with baseline PD ≥ 4 mm and secondary endpoints included whole mouth mean scores of modified gingival index (MGI), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI) and plaque index (PI). No SRP was performed at baseline. RESULTS Subjects using the novel dentifrice showed significant PD reductions of 1.18 mm (from 4.27 mm at baseline to 3.09 mm at 6 months) compared to 0.93 mm (from 4.23 mm at baseline to 3.30 mm at 6 months) shown for those using the positive control dentifrice. Difference between treatments at 6 months was 0.21 mm with P-value = 0.0126. Significant improvements in MGI (P = 0.0000), mSBI (P = 0.0000), and PI (P = 0.0102) were also observed in 6 months. CONCLUSION The novel dentifrice showed significant reductions in PD and gingival inflammation over 6 months solely as a home care dentifrice without baseline SRP in Stage I and II periodontitis maintenance patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Kaur
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nicolaas C. Geurs
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Charles M. Cobb
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas, Missouri, USA
| | - Joan Otomo-Corgel
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, University of California at Los Angles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thair Takesh
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Department of Dentistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - June H. Lee
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Department of Dentistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Tracie M. Lam
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Department of Dentistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kairong Lin
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Department of Dentistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Audrey Nguyen
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Department of Dentistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Brian L. Nguyen
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Department of Dentistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Petra Wilder-Smith
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Department of Dentistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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33
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Kumar S, Mala N, Rana KS, Namazi N, Rela R, Kumar K. Cognizance and Use of Minimally Invasive Dentistry Approach by General Dentists: An Overlooked Companion. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S199-S202. [PMID: 34447075 PMCID: PMC8375884 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_674_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental caries begins with the decalcification of the first nonorganic part, followed by the decay of the organic tooth matrix. Minimally invasive dentistry (MID) focuses on using the adhesive technique for restoration as these techniques allow minimum removal of healthy tooth structure. Objective: This study aimed to assess the attitude, knowledge, and behavior of the general dentists toward the use of MID and to evaluate if MID is considered as standard care measure among general dentists. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-section observational survey and included 285 practicing dentists. The survey questions were divided into two parts. The question related to the use of sharp explorer utilized response categories (1–5), with options of always, most of the time, often, sometimes, and never or rarely. The independent variables collected were age, gender, years of practice, clinical hours, type of practice, postgraduate education, and clinic environment. The data collected were tabulated and were statistically analyzed. Results: The results of the present study showed that MID meets the standard of care for the treatment of both primary teeth 85.96% (n = 245) as well as permanent teeth 78.24% (n = 223). ART, sandwich technique, in-office, and at-home topical fluoride application were considered active for treating dental caries. The use of sharp explorers, nonsharp explorers, radiographs, and magnification were considered common for caries detection. Conclusion: The more dentists who listened to about MID in the past responded that the MID concept is the standard of care for the treatment of primary and permanent teeth than dentists who have heard little or nothing about MID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Patna Dental College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Nutan Mala
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Buddha Institute of Dental Science and Hospital, Patna, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh Rana
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Government College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nasim Namazi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Rangoonwala Dental College and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rathi Rela
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital Patna, Bihar, India
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34
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Mala N, Sonal S, Kumar A, Choudhary HV, Songara P, Ramesh K. Cariostatic Efficacy of Cinnamon Water Extract on Streptococcus mutans: An In vitro Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2021; 13:S212-S216. [PMID: 34447078 PMCID: PMC8375898 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_677_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental caries is a chronic, widespread, and infectious disease affecting the large population. Anticariogenic effects of different herbs and natural products are observed, cinnamon among these, showed the ability to inhibit Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the cinnamon water extract use on nicotine exposed S. mutans biolfilms. Materials and Methods: Microtiter plates having S. mutans culture were treated using varying nicotine concentration range (0–32 mg/ml). These were then either subjected to cinnamon water (2.5 mg/ml) extract or no treatment and analyzed using a spectrophotometer to see planktonic growth, total growth absorbance, and biofilm formation. Results: About 2.5 mg/ml of cinnamon water inhibits the S. mutans biofilm (nicotine-induced) considerably at various nicotine levels (0–32 mg/ml). Conclusion: Cinnamon water extract has a powerful inhibitory effect for S. mutans growth. Nicotine-induced S. mutans growth is markedly reduced by treating with cinnamon water extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutan Mala
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Buddha Institute of Dental Science and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Sinha Sonal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mithila Minority Dental College, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
| | | | - Prafulla Songara
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Ratlam, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kumar Ramesh
- Department of Dentistry, Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital, Gaya, Bihar, India
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Renye JA, Steinberg DH. Thermophilin 110 inhibits growth and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 31:e00647. [PMID: 34307072 PMCID: PMC8258636 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
S. thermophilus B59671 naturally produces thermophilin 110, a bacteriocin that inhibits the growth of the oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans Thermophilin 110 was shown to prevent biofilm formation by S. mutans UA159 Co-culturing S. thermophilus B59671 with S. mutans UA159 prevented biofilm formation.
Dental caries continues to occur in both children and adults worldwide resulting in significant economic burden, and consumers have expressed interest in natural products that can prevent these recurrent infections. In this study, S. thermophilus B59671, which produces thermophilin 110, was shown to inhibit the growth of S. mutans UA159. A thermophilin concentration ≥ 80 AU ml−1 prevented the growth of S. mutans UA159 in batch culture, while ≥ 160 AU ml−1 was required to prevent biofilm growth. Co-culturing S. thermophilus B59671 and S. mutans UA159 also resulted in impaired biofilm growth. Thermophillin 110 was also shown inhibit additional S. mutans strains and commensal oral streptococci at higher concentrations (640-1280 AU ml−1). These results suggest that thermophilin 110 could be used as a natural antimicrobial in oral care products and support the need for additional studies to assess the probiotic potential of S. thermophilus B59671.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Renye
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038
| | - Dennis H Steinberg
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038
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Vică ML, Glevitzky I, Glevitzky M, Siserman CV, Matei HV, Teodoru CA. Antibacterial Activity of Propolis Extracts from the Central Region of Romania against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060689. [PMID: 34201299 PMCID: PMC8226552 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the most common infections worldwide, many of these being caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG). Increased antimicrobial NG resistance has been reported in recent decades, highlighting the need for new sources of natural compounds with valuable antimicrobial activity. This study aims to determine the effect of propolis extracts on NG strains, including antibiotic-resistant strains. (2) Methods: First void urine samples from presumed positive STI subjects were harvested. DNA was extracted, purified, and amplified via PCR for the simultaneous detection of 6 STIs. The presence of the dcmH, gyrA, and parC genes was checked in the DNA samples from NG-positive patients. The antimicrobial activity of 5 aqueous propolis extracts from central Romania was investigated in vitro against some isolated NG strains. ANOVA tests were employed to assess differences and interactions between the inhibition zone for NG strains and propolis extracts. (3) Results: 7.07% of the patients presented NG infections, some strains being resistant or intermediate-resistant to ciprofloxacin. All propolis samples exhibited an antibacterial effect, including on resistant strains. (4) Conclusions: Statistical analysis demonstrated that the diameter of the inhibition zone was influenced both by the NG strain type and the source of the propolis extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Laura Vică
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioana Glevitzky
- Doctoral School, Faculty of Engineering, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550025 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Mirel Glevitzky
- Faculty of Exact Science and Engineering, “1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, 510009 Alba Iulia, Romania;
| | - Costel Vasile Siserman
- Department of Legal Medicine, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Horea Vladi Matei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-741-155-487
| | - Cosmin Adrian Teodoru
- Clinical Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550002 Sibiu, Romania;
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Bölük E, Atik DS, Kolaylı S, Demirci AŞ, Palabiyik I. Delivery of phenolics and caffeic acid phenethyl ester by propolis resin: Chewing gum system. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Rivera-Yañez N, Rivera-Yañez CR, Pozo-Molina G, Méndez-Catalá CF, Reyes-Reali J, Mendoza-Ramos MI, Méndez-Cruz AR, Nieto-Yañez O. Effects of Propolis on Infectious Diseases of Medical Relevance. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:428. [PMID: 34065939 PMCID: PMC8151468 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a significant problem affecting the public health and economic stability of societies all over the world. Treatment is available for most of these diseases; however, many pathogens have developed resistance to drugs, necessitating the development of new therapies with chemical agents, which can have serious side effects and high toxicity. In addition, the severity and aggressiveness of emerging and re-emerging diseases, such as pandemics caused by viral agents, have led to the priority of investigating new therapies to complement the treatment of different infectious diseases. Alternative and complementary medicine is widely used throughout the world due to its low cost and easy access and has been shown to provide a wide repertoire of options for the treatment of various conditions. In this work, we address the relevance of the effects of propolis on the causal pathogens of the main infectious diseases with medical relevance; the existing compiled information shows that propolis has effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, protozoan parasites and helminths, and viruses; however, challenges remain, such as the assessment of their effects in clinical studies for adequate and safe use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Rivera-Yañez
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (G.P.-M.); (J.R.-R.); (M.I.M.-R.); (A.R.M.-C.)
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - C. Rebeca Rivera-Yañez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Glustein Pozo-Molina
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (G.P.-M.); (J.R.-R.); (M.I.M.-R.); (A.R.M.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia F. Méndez-Catalá
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Julia Reyes-Reali
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (G.P.-M.); (J.R.-R.); (M.I.M.-R.); (A.R.M.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfofisiología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María I. Mendoza-Ramos
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (G.P.-M.); (J.R.-R.); (M.I.M.-R.); (A.R.M.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfofisiología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Adolfo R. Méndez-Cruz
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (G.P.-M.); (J.R.-R.); (M.I.M.-R.); (A.R.M.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfofisiología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Oscar Nieto-Yañez
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (G.P.-M.); (J.R.-R.); (M.I.M.-R.); (A.R.M.-C.)
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Flemming J, Meyer-Probst CT, Speer K, Kölling-Speer I, Hannig C, Hannig M. Preventive Applications of Polyphenols in Dentistry-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4892. [PMID: 34063086 PMCID: PMC8124254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are natural substances that have been shown to provide various health benefits. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects have been described. At the same time, they inhibit the actions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Thus, studies have also examined their effects within the oral cavity. This review provides an overview on the different polyphenols, and their structure and interactions with the tooth surface and the pellicle. In particular, the effects of various tea polyphenols on bioadhesion and erosion have been reviewed. The current research confirms that polyphenols can reduce the growth of cariogenic bacteria. Furthermore, they can decrease the adherence of bacteria to the tooth surface and improve the erosion-protective properties of the acquired enamel pellicle. Tea polyphenols, especially, have the potential to contribute to an oral health-related diet. However, in vitro studies have mainly been conducted. In situ studies and clinical studies need to be extended and supplemented in order to significantly contribute to additive prevention measures in caries prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Flemming
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Clara Theres Meyer-Probst
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Karl Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (K.S.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Isabelle Kölling-Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (K.S.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D-66421 Homburg, Germany;
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Lyu X, Li C, Zhang J, Wang L, Jiang Q, Shui Y, Chen L, Luo Y, Xu X. A Novel Small Molecule, LCG-N25, Inhibits Oral Streptococcal Biofilm. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:654692. [PMID: 33868212 PMCID: PMC8044806 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.654692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a chronic oral infectious disease caused by cariogenic biofilm adhered on the tooth surface. Our previous study demonstrated that a repurposed natural compound napabucasin (NAP) showed good antimicrobial activity against oral streptococcal biofilms. The current study designed a novel small molecule, namely LCG-N25, using NAP as a lead compound, and aimed to investigate its potential as an antimicrobial agent in the control of dental caries. LCG-N25 was designed and synthesized with reference to the structure of NAP. The minimal inhibitory concentrations and the minimal bactericidal concentrations of LCG-N25 against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus gordonii were evaluated by microdilution method. The antimicrobial activity of LCG-N25 was further evaluated by crystal violet staining, colony forming units counting, biofilm metabolism assay, dead/live fluorescent staining, and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of LCG-N25 on the extracellular polysaccharides of biofilms was determined by both anthrone-sulfuric acid method and fluorescent staining. The microbial composition of streptococcal biofilms after LCG-N25 treatment was further visualized and quantified by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Besides, the cytotoxicity of LCG-N25 was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and repeated exposure of S. mutans to LCG-N25 treatment was performed to assess if this novel compound could induce drug resistance of this cariogenic bacterium. We found that LCG-N25 exhibited a good antibacterial activity, low-cytotoxicity, and did not induce drug resistance of cariogenic S. mutans. These findings suggest that LCG-N25 may represent a promising antimicrobial agent that can be used as an adjuvant to the management of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chungen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yusen Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Schestakow A, Guth MS, Eisenmenger TA, Hannig M. Evaluation of Anti-Biofilm Activity of Mouthrinses Containing Tannic Acid or Chitosan on Dentin In Situ. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051351. [PMID: 33802588 PMCID: PMC7961503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to enamel, dentin surfaces have been rarely used as substrates for studies evaluating the effects of experimental rinsing solutions on oral biofilm formation. The aim of the present in situ study was to investigate the effects of tannic acid and chitosan on 48-h biofilm formation on dentin surfaces. Biofilm was formed intraorally on dentin specimens, while six subjects rinsed with experimental solutions containing tannic acid, chitosan and water as negative or chlorhexidine as positive control. After 48 h of biofilm formation, specimens were evaluated for biofilm coverage and for viability of bacteria by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, saliva samples were collected after rinsing and analyzed by fluorescence (five subjects) and transmission electron microscopy (two subjects) in order to investigate the antibacterial effect on bacteria in a planktonic state and to visualize effects of the rinsing agents on salivary proteins. After rinsing with water, dentin specimens were covered by a multiple-layered biofilm with predominantly vital bacteria. In contrast, chlorhexidine led to dentin surfaces covered only by few and avital bacteria. By rinsing with tannic acid both strong anti-adherent and antibacterial effects were observed, but the effects declined in a time-dependent manner. Transmission electron micrographs of salivary samples indicated that aggregation of proteins and bacteria might explain the antiadhesion effects of tannic acid. Chitosan showed antibacterial effects on bacteria in saliva, while biofilm viability was only slightly reduced and no effects on bacterial adherence on dentin were observed, despite proteins being aggregated in saliva after rinsing with chitosan. Tannic acid is a promising anti-biofilm agent even on dentin surfaces, while rinsing with chitosan could not sufficiently prevent biofilm formation on dentin.
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de Oliveira MA, da C Vegian MR, Brighenti FL, Salvador MJ, Koga-Ito CY. Antibiofilm effects of Thymus vulgaris and Hyptis spicigera essential oils on cariogenic bacteria. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:241-255. [PMID: 33625248 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The inhibitory and antibiofilm effects of Thymus vulgaris (EOTv) and Hyptis spicigera essential oils (EOHs) on cariogenic microorganisms were evaluated. Materials & methods: The chemical characterization of EOTv was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Actinomyces naeslundii were used for agar diffusion assays and determination of minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericide concentrations. In addition, 20 streptococci and lactobacilli clinical isolates were also tested. The effects of essential oil on microbial initial biofilm formation and on preformed microcosm biofilm formed from human saliva were studied. Results & conclusion: Both essential oils had inhibitory effects on the cariogenic species and reduced the bacterial adherence to dental enamel. Essential oils were able to disrupt preformed microcosm biofilms. Thymus vulgaris and Hyptis spicigera essential oils have potential to be used in the development of formulations to the control of cariogenic biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ac de Oliveira
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Mariana R da C Vegian
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L Brighenti
- Department of Morphology & Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marcos J Salvador
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Y Koga-Ito
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Vaillancourt K, LeBel G, Pellerin G, Ben Lagha A, Grenier D. Effects of the Licorice Isoflavans Licoricidin and Glabridin on the Growth, Adherence Properties, and Acid Production of Streptococcus mutans, and Assessment of Their Biocompatibility. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020163. [PMID: 33562595 PMCID: PMC7915699 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological studies have linked a number of human health benefits with licorice due to its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of licoricidin and glabridin, two major licorice isoflavans, on growth and virulence properties (biofilm formation, acid production, dextran production, adherence) of the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans. Moreover, the biocompatibility of these licorice compounds was assessed in an in vitro model of oral keratinocytes. We used a broth microdilution assay to show that licoricidin and glabridin exhibit a marked antibacterial activity against S. mutans. Glabridin and, to a lesser extent, licoricidin reduced the biofilm viability of S. mutans. In addition, glabridin decreased the production of dextran by S. mutans. The two licorice isoflavans attenuated the adherence of S. mutans to a saliva-coated hydroxylapatite surface, and reduced acid production from glucose. Lastly, depending on the concentrations tested, the two licorice isoflavans showed no or low toxicity toward oral keratinocytes. Within the limitations of this study, our data suggest that licoricidin and glabridin may be promising agents for controlling dental caries.
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Nomura R, Ohata J, Otsugu M, Okawa R, Naka S, Matsumoto-Nakano M, Nakano K. Inhibitory effects of flavedo, albedo, fruits, and leaves of Citrus unshiu extracts on Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 124:105056. [PMID: 33517170 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTVES Citrus unshiu has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial effects against citrus diseases. In the present study, C. unshiu was divided into flavedo, albedo, fruits, and leaves; the inhibitory effects of these extracts on Streptococcus mutans, a major pathogen of dental caries, were investigated. DESIGN C. unshiu specimens were separated into flavedo, albedo, fruits, and leaves. First, pH values and polyphenol amounts in Citrus extracts were measured. In addition, Citrus extract was added to the bacterial suspensions of S. mutans MT8148, and inhibitory effects of C. unshiu extracts on MT8148 for antimicrobial activity, bacterial growth, and biofilm formation were analyzed. These assays were also performed using C. sinensis extracts. RESULTS Among these extracts, albedo exhibited a pH value closest to neutral, while the fruits exhibited the most acidic pH value; the pH values significantly differed between these extracts (P < 0.05). In addition, the amounts of polyphenols were significantly higher in albedo than in other extracts (P < 0.001). All extracts showed inhibitory effects on MT8148 for antimicrobial activity, bacterial growth and biofilm formation. These inhibitory effects were significantly stronger in flavedo, albedo, and fruits, compared with leaves (P < 0.05). Furthermore, extracts of Citrus sinensis also showed inhibitory effects on S. mutans, although these effects were weaker than the effects of C. unshiu. CONCLUSION These results suggest that extracts from C. unshiu fruits exhibit inhibitory effects on S. mutans, among which albedo may be especially useful for dental caries prevention due to its neutral pH and abundant polyphenols, in addition to its inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Jumpei Ohata
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Otsugu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rena Okawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Naka
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Heimisdottir LH, Lin BM, Cho H, Orlenko A, Ribeiro AA, Simon-Soro A, Roach J, Shungin D, Ginnis J, Simancas-Pallares MA, Spangler HD, Zandoná AGF, Wright JT, Ramamoorthy P, Moore JH, Koo H, Wu D, Divaris K. Metabolomics Insights in Early Childhood Caries. J Dent Res 2021; 100:615-622. [PMID: 33423574 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520982963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is characterized by a dysbiotic shift at the biofilm-tooth surface interface, yet comprehensive biochemical characterizations of the biofilm are scant. We used metabolomics to identify biochemical features of the supragingival biofilm associated with early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence and severity. The study's analytical sample comprised 289 children ages 3 to 5 (51% with ECC) who attended public preschools in North Carolina and were enrolled in a community-based cross-sectional study of early childhood oral health. Clinical examinations were conducted by calibrated examiners in community locations using International Caries Detection and Classification System (ICDAS) criteria. Supragingival plaque collected from the facial/buccal surfaces of all primary teeth in the upper-left quadrant was analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Associations between individual metabolites and 18 clinical traits (based on different ECC definitions and sets of tooth surfaces) were quantified using Brownian distance correlations (dCor) and linear regression modeling of log2-transformed values, applying a false discovery rate multiple testing correction. A tree-based pipeline optimization tool (TPOT)-machine learning process was used to identify the best-fitting ECC classification metabolite model. There were 503 named metabolites identified, including microbial, host, and exogenous biochemicals. Most significant ECC-metabolite associations were positive (i.e., upregulations/enrichments). The localized ECC case definition (ICDAS ≥1 caries experience within the surfaces from which plaque was collected) had the strongest correlation with the metabolome (dCor P = 8 × 10-3). Sixteen metabolites were significantly associated with ECC after multiple testing correction, including fucose (P = 3.0 × 10-6) and N-acetylneuraminate (p = 6.8 × 10-6) with higher ECC prevalence, as well as catechin (P = 4.7 × 10-6) and epicatechin (P = 2.9 × 10-6) with lower. Catechin, epicatechin, imidazole propionate, fucose, 9,10-DiHOME, and N-acetylneuraminate were among the top 15 metabolites in terms of ECC classification importance in the automated TPOT model. These supragingival biofilm metabolite findings provide novel insights in ECC biology and can serve as the basis for the development of measures of disease activity or risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Heimisdottir
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - B M Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - H Cho
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Orlenko
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A A Ribeiro
- Division of Diagnostic Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Simon-Soro
- Biofilm Research Labs, Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J Roach
- Research Computing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D Shungin
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Ginnis
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M A Simancas-Pallares
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - H D Spangler
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A G Ferreira Zandoná
- Department of Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J T Wright
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - J H Moore
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Koo
- Biofilm Research Labs, Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Divaris
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Murugaboopathy V, Saravankumar R, Mangaiyarkarasi R, Kengadaran S, Samuel SR, Rajeshkumar S. Efficacy of marine algal extracts against oral pathogens - A systematic review. Indian J Dent Res 2021; 32:524-527. [DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_243_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Rifaey N, AlAdwani M, Karched M, Baskaradoss JK. A clinical investigation into the efficacy of miswak chewing sticks as an oral hygiene aid: A crossover randomized trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2020; 19:223-230. [PMID: 33258168 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the effect of using miswak chewing sticks on dental plaque, selected oral microbiota and gingival inflammation among patients with gingivitis. METHODS The study was a single-centre, single-examiner blind, randomized, crossover study. Twenty healthy participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups (n = 10). Group 1 were instructed to use both toothbrush and miswak (TB+M) for the first 2 weeks from baseline (T1) and only toothbrush for the next 2 weeks (T2); and Group 2, only TB during T1 and TB+M during T2. Gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were evaluated at baseline (T0), T1 and T2 visits. Supra-gingival plaque samples were taken at T0, T1 and T2. Quantification of Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans from the supra-gingival plaque samples were performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS The scores of GI, PI and BOP had significantly improved for both groups between T0 and T1. A significantly greater reduction in the percentage of sites with BOP was observed for TB+M group compared with TB group (TB+M group: from 32.2 to 14.93; TB group: from 34.00 to 26.0; p = .014). At T2, TB+M group had significant improvements (p < .05) in the PI, GI and BOP scores compared with TB group. There was no significant difference in the microbial counts of S. mutans and A. actinomycetemcomitans between the two groups at the end of the study period. CONCLUSIONS Oral hygiene and gingival health may be improved by complementing miswak chewing sticks with toothbrushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Rifaey
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | | | - Maribasappa Karched
- Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Jagan Kumar Baskaradoss
- Department of Developmental and Preventive Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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In vitro activities of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile bark fractions against Oral Bacteria, Glucosyltransferase and as antioxidant. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:360. [PMID: 33228641 PMCID: PMC7684731 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most common chronic infectious oral diseases in the world. Acacia nilotica was commonly known in Sudan as Garad or Sunt has a wide range of medicinal uses. In the present study, antibacterial activity of oral bacteria (Streptococcus sobrinus and Porphyromonas gingivalis), inhibitory activity against glucosyltransferase (GTF) enzyme and antioxidant activity were assayed for methanolic crude extract of A. nilotica bark and its fractions. METHODS Methanoilc crude extract of A. nilotica bark was applied to a Sephadex LH-20 column and eluted with methanol, aqueous methanol, and finally aqueous acetone to obtain four fractions (Fr1- Fr4). Furthermore, the crude extract and fractions were subjected to analytical high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The crude extract and its fractions were assayed for antibacterial activity against S. sobrinus and P. gingivalis using a microplate dilution assay method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), as well as GTF inhibition and antioxidant activity using ABTS radical scavenging method. RESULTS Fractions (Fr1 and Fr2) exhibited MIC values of 0.3 mg/ml against the P. gingivalis. Additionally, Fr2 displayed MBC value of 1 mg/ml against two types of bacteria. Fr4 showed an especially potent GTF inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 3.9 μg/ml. Fr1 displayed the best antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 1.8 μg/ml. The main compound in Fr1 was identified as gallic acid, and Fr2 was mostly a mixture of gallic acid and methyl gallate. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in this study provide some scientific rationale and justify the use of this plant for the treatment of dental diseases in traditional medicine. A. nilotica bark, besides their antibacterial potentiality and GTF inhibitory activity, it may be used as adjuvant antioxidants in mouthwashes. Further studies in the future are required to identify the rest of the active compounds.
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Martins ML, Monteiro ASN, Vieira TI, Guimarães MBDCT, de Abreu LCL, Cabral LM, Cavalcanti YW, Maia LC, Fonseca-Gonçalves A. Effect of xylitol tablets with and without red propolis on salivary parameters, dental biofilm and sensory acceptability of adolescents: a randomized crossover clinical trial. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:1182-1195. [PMID: 33334195 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1858063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of xylitol tablets with (XPT) and without (XT) red propolis on salivary parameters, dental biofilm and acceptability of adolescents was evaluated through a blinded randomized crossover clinical trial. Healthy volunteers were allocated in the XPT and XT groups with a 30-day washout period for consumption of two tablets/dayfor seven days. An increase in salivary parameters was only observed immediately after tablet consumption, without differences between XPT and XT. The results for total microorganisms were similar, but XT was better in controlling Streptococcus spp. Rothia dentocariosa and Streptococcus salivarius were the most frequent in the biofilm and saliva, respectively. XPT and XT showed similar acceptability, with the highest purchase intention for XT. Although propolis did not enhance the properties of XT, further studies testing different protocols and follow-up are necessary; XT controlled Streptococcus spp. in biofilms, which demonstrate its potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Leonel Martins
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda Souza Nunes Monteiro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Isidro Vieira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Yuri Wanderley Cavalcanti
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andréa Fonseca-Gonçalves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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The role of sodium alginate and gellan gum in the design of new drug delivery systems intended for antibiofilm activity of morin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1944-1958. [PMID: 32791274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of controlled drug delivery systems represents an alternative and promising strategy for the use of antimicrobials in the oral cavity. Microparticles, films and oral tablets based on alginate and gellan gum were developed also as a strategy to overcome the low aqueous solubility of morin. The systems were characterized in terms of morphological characteristics, mucoadhesion and in vitro drug release. Antibiofilm activity was analyzed for acidogenicity, microbial viability and the composition of the extracellular matrix of single-species biofilms. Scanning Electron Microscopy demonstrated that the microparticles were spherical, rough and compact. The film and the tablet presented smooth and continuous surface and in the inner of the tablet was porous. These systems were more mucoadhesive compared to the microparticles. The in vitro morin release profiles in artificial saliva demonstrated that the microparticles controlled the release better (39.6%), followed by the film (41.1%) and the tablet (91.4%) after 20 h of testing. The morin released from the systems reduced the acidogenicity, microbial viability, concentration of insoluble extracellular polysaccharides and dry weight of biofilms, when compared to the control group. The findings of this study showed that the morin has antibiofilm activity against cariogenic microorganisms.
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