1
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Okamura R, Kikuchi K, Taniguchi A, Nagai K, Seki R, Ohte S, Ohshiro T, Ando M, Tanaka T, Fukuda T. The new seriniquinone glycoside by biological transformation using the deep sea-derived bacterium Bacillus licheniformis KDM612. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2024:10.1038/s41429-024-00729-z. [PMID: 38773230 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-024-00729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Seriniquinone was isolated as a melanoma-selective anti-cancer agent from a culture broth of the marine-derived bacterium Serinicoccus marinus CNJ927 in 2014. It targets the unique small protein, dermcidin, which affects the drug resistance of cancer cells. Due to its significant activity against cancer cells, particularly melanoma, and its unique target, seriniquinone has been developed as a new pharmacophore. However, it has the disadvantage of poor solubility in drug discovery research, which needs to be resolved. A new seriniquinone glycoside (1) was synthesized by the biological transformation of seriniquinone using the deep sea-derived bacterium Bacillus licheniformis KDM612. Compound 1 exhibited selective anti-cancer activity against melanoma, similar to seriniquinone, and was 50-fold more soluble in DMSO than seriniquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Okamura
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Katsuki Kikuchi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Akito Taniguchi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Nagai
- Microbial Chemistry and Medicinal Research Laboratories, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Seki
- Microbial Chemistry and Medicinal Research Laboratories, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohte
- Microbial Chemistry and Medicinal Research Laboratories, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Ohshiro
- Microbial Chemistry and Medicinal Research Laboratories, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Ando
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Teruyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Takashi Fukuda
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan.
- Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, Nara, Japan.
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2
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Stefanik O, Majerova P, Kovac A, Mikus P, Piestansky J. Capillary electrophoresis in the analysis of therapeutic peptides-A review. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:120-164. [PMID: 37705480 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic peptides are a growing class of innovative drugs with high efficiency and a low risk of adverse effects. These biomolecules fall within the molecular mass range between that of small molecules and proteins. However, their inherent instability and potential for degradation underscore the importance of reliable and effective analytical methods for pharmaceutical quality control, therapeutic drug monitoring, and compliance testing. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has long time been the "gold standard" conventional method for peptide analysis, but capillary electrophoresis (CE) is increasingly being recognized as a complementary and, in some cases, superior, highly efficient, green, and cost-effective alternative technique. CE can separate peptides composed of different amino acids owing to differences in their net charge and size, determining their migration behavior in an electric field. This review provides a comprehensive overview of therapeutic peptides that have been used in the clinical environment for the last 25 years. It describes the properties, classification, current trends in development, and clinical use of therapeutic peptides. From the analytical point of view, it discusses the challenges associated with the analysis of therapeutic peptides in pharmaceutical and biological matrices, as well as the evaluation of CE as a whole and the comparison with LC methods. The article also highlights the use of microchip electrophoresis, nonaqueous CE, and nonconventional hydrodynamically closed CE systems and their applications. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of developing new CE-based analytical methods to ensure the high quality, safety, and efficacy of therapeutic peptides in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Stefanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Majerova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Juraj Piestansky
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Kobayashi Y, Eguchi A, Imami K, Tempaku M, Izuoka K, Takase T, Kainuma K, Nagao M, Furuta N, Iwasa M, Nakagawa H, Fujisawa T, Togashi K. Circulating extracellular vesicles are associated with pathophysiological condition including metabolic syndrome-related dysmetabolism in children and adolescents with obesity. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:23-38. [PMID: 37874387 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity of children and adolescents (OCA) is often accompanied by metabolic syndrome (MetS), which often leads to adult obesity and subsequent complications, yet the entire pathophysiological response is not fully understood. The number and composition of circulating extracellular vesicles (EV) reflect overall patient condition; therefore, we investigated the pathophysiological condition of OCA, including MetS-associated dysmetabolism, using circulating EVs. In total, 107 children and adolescents with or without obesity (boys, n = 69; girls, n = 38; median age, 10 years) were enrolled. Circulating EV number and EV protein composition were assessed via flow cytometry and liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, relative body weight (standardized partial regression coefficient (SPRC) 0.469, P = 0.012) and serum triglyceride level (SPRC 0.548, P < 0.001) were detected as independent parameters correlating with circulating EV number. Proteomic analysis identified 31 upregulated and 45 downregulated EV proteins in OCA. Gene ontology analysis revealed upregulated proteins to be involved in various biological processes, including intracellular protein transport, protein folding, stress response, leukocyte activation, innate immune response, and platelet degranulation, which can modulate lipid and glucose metabolism, skeletal and cardiac muscle development, inflammation, immune response, carcinogenesis, and cancer progression. Notably, several identified EV proteins are involved in neuro-development, neurotransmitter release, and neuro-protective agents in OCA. Circulating EVs were derived from adipocytes, hepatocytes, B cell lymphocytes, and neurons. Circulating EV number is significantly associated with MetS-related dysmetabolism and the EV protein cargo carries a special "signature" that reflects the alteration of various biological processes under the pathophysiological condition of OCA. KEY MESSAGES: Circulating EV number correlates with physical and laboratory parameters for obesity in children and adolescents. Relative body weight and triglyceride are independent factors for increased circulating EVs. EV composition is significantly changed in obesity of children and adolescents. Identified EV composition changes associated with obesity and involves in metabolism, immune response, and cancer progression. Circulating EVs are partially derived from adipocyte, hepatocytes, B cells, and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Kobayashi
- Center for Physical and Mental Health, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
- Biobank Center, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Koshi Imami
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mina Tempaku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kiyora Izuoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takafumi Takase
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Mie, 514-0125, Japan
| | - Keigo Kainuma
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Mie, 514-0125, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nagao
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Mie, 514-0125, Japan
| | - Noriko Furuta
- Center for Physical and Mental Health, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Motoh Iwasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hayato Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takao Fujisawa
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Mie, 514-0125, Japan
| | - Kenji Togashi
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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Salikhova DI, Golovicheva VV, Fatkhudinov TK, Shevtsova YA, Soboleva AG, Goryunov KV, Dyakonov AS, Mokroysova VO, Mingaleva NS, Shedenkova MO, Makhnach OV, Kutsev SI, Chekhonin VP, Silachev DN, Goldshtein DV. Therapeutic Efficiency of Proteins Secreted by Glial Progenitor Cells in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12341. [PMID: 37569717 PMCID: PMC10419112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries account for 30-50% of all physical traumas and are the most common pathological diseases of the brain. Mechanical damage of brain tissue leads to the disruption of the blood-brain barrier and the massive death of neuronal, glial, and endothelial cells. These events trigger a neuroinflammatory response and neurodegenerative processes locally and in distant parts of the brain and promote cognitive impairment. Effective instruments to restore neural tissue in traumatic brain injury are lacking. Glial cells are the main auxiliary cells of the nervous system, supporting homeostasis and ensuring the protection of neurons through contact and paracrine mechanisms. The glial cells' secretome may be considered as a means to support the regeneration of nervous tissue. Consequently, this study focused on the therapeutic efficiency of composite proteins with a molecular weight of 5-100 kDa secreted by glial progenitor cells in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. The characterization of proteins below 100 kDa secreted by glial progenitor cells was evaluated by proteomic analysis. Therapeutic effects were assessed by neurological outcomes, measurement of the damage volume by MRI, and an evaluation of the neurodegenerative, apoptotic, and inflammation markers in different areas of the brain. Intranasal infusions of the composite protein product facilitated the functional recovery of the experimental animals by decreasing the inflammation and apoptotic processes, preventing neurodegenerative processes by reducing the amounts of phosphorylated Tau isoforms Ser396 and Thr205. Consistently, our findings support the further consideration of glial secretomes for clinical use in TBI, notably in such aspects as dose-dependent effects and standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I. Salikhova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (T.K.F.); (A.G.S.); (M.O.S.); (D.V.G.)
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Victoria V. Golovicheva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Timur Kh. Fatkhudinov
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (T.K.F.); (A.G.S.); (M.O.S.); (D.V.G.)
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A. Shevtsova
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna G. Soboleva
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (T.K.F.); (A.G.S.); (M.O.S.); (D.V.G.)
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Goryunov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.)
| | - Alexander S. Dyakonov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Victoria O. Mokroysova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Natalia S. Mingaleva
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Margarita O. Shedenkova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (T.K.F.); (A.G.S.); (M.O.S.); (D.V.G.)
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Oleg V. Makhnach
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Sergey I. Kutsev
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Vladimir P. Chekhonin
- Serbsky State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry, 119034 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Denis N. Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry V. Goldshtein
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (T.K.F.); (A.G.S.); (M.O.S.); (D.V.G.)
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
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Chronic Training Induces Metabolic and Proteomic Response in Male and Female Basketball Players: Salivary Modifications during In-Season Training Programs. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020241. [PMID: 36673609 PMCID: PMC9858989 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the salivary proteome and metabolome of highly trained female and male young basketball players, highlighting common and different traits. A total of 20 male and female basketball players (10 female and 10 male) and 20 sedentary control subjects (10 female and 10 male) were included in the study. The athletes exercised at least five times per week for 2 h per day. Saliva samples were collected mid-season, between 9:00 and 11:00 a.m. and away from sport competition. The proteome and metabolome were analyzed by using 2DE and GC-MS techniques, respectively. A computerized 2DE gel image analysis revealed 43 spots that varied in intensity among groups. Between these spots, 10 (23.2%) were differentially expressed among male athletes and controls, 22 (51.2%) between female basketball players and controls, 11 spots (25.6%) between male and female athletes, and 13 spots (30.2%) between male and female controls. Among the proteins identified were Immunoglobulin, Alpha-Amylase, and Dermcidin, which are inflammation-related proteins. In addition, several amino acids, such as glutamic acid, lysine, ornithine, glycine, tyrosine, threonine, and valine, were increased in trained athletes. In this study, we highlight that saliva is a useful biofluid to assess athlete performance and confirm that the adaptation of men and women to exercise has some common features, but also some different sex-specific behaviors, including differential amino acid utilization and expression of inflammation-related proteins, which need to be further investigated. Moreover, in the future, it will be interesting to examine the influence of sport-type on these differences.
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Ramarajan MG, Saraswat M, Budhraja R, Garapati K, Raymond K, Pandey A. Mass spectrometric analysis of chondroitin sulfate-linked peptides. JOURNAL OF PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 13:187-203. [PMID: 36213313 PMCID: PMC9526814 DOI: 10.1007/s42485-022-00092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are extracellular matrix components composed of linear glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains attached to a core protein. CSPGs play a vital role in neurodevelopment, signal transduction, cellular proliferation and differentiation and tumor metastasis through interaction with growth factors and signaling proteins. These pleiotropic functions of proteoglycans are regulated spatiotemporally by the GAG chains attached to the core protein. There are over 70 chondroitin sulfate-linked proteoglycans reported in cells, cerebrospinal fluid and urine. A core glycan linker of 3-6 monosaccharides attached to specific serine residues can be extended by 20-200 disaccharide repeating units making intact CSPGs very large and impractical to analyze. The current paradigm of CSPG analysis involves digesting the GAG chains by chondroitinase enzymes and analyzing either the protein part, the disaccharide repeats, or both by mass spectrometry. This method, however, provides no information about the site of attachment or the composition of linker oligosaccharides and the degree of sulfation and/or phosphorylation. Further, the analysis by mass spectrometry and subsequent identification of novel CSPGs is hampered by technical challenges in their isolation, less optimal ionization and data analysis. Unknown identity of the linker oligosaccharide also makes it more difficult to identify the glycan composition using database searching approaches. Following chondroitinase digestion of long GAG chains linked to tryptic peptides, we identified intact GAG-linked peptides in clinically relevant samples including plasma, urine and dermal fibroblasts. These intact glycopeptides including their core linker glycans were identified by mass spectrometry using optimized stepped higher energy collision dissociation and electron-transfer/higher energy collision dissociation combined with hybrid database search/de novo glycan composition search. We identified 25 CSPGs including three novel CSPGs that have not been described earlier. Our findings demonstrate the utility of combining enrichment strategies and optimized high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis including alternative fragmentation methods for the characterization of CSPGs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42485-022-00092-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Gopal Ramarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First ST SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066 India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560 029 India
| | - Mayank Saraswat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First ST SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066 India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Rohit Budhraja
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First ST SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Kishore Garapati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First ST SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066 India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560 029 India
| | - Kimiyo Raymond
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First ST SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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7
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Ito Y, Amagai M. Controlling skin microbiome as a new bacteriotherapy for inflammatory skin diseases. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:26. [PMID: 36045395 PMCID: PMC9434865 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin serves as the interface between the human body and the environment and interacts with the microbial community. The skin microbiota consists of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, mites, and viruses, and they fluctuate depending on the microenvironment defined by anatomical location and physiological function. The balance of interactions between the host and microbiota plays a pivotal role in the orchestration of skin homeostasis; however, the disturbance of the balance due to an alteration in the microbial communities, namely, dysbiosis, leads to various skin disorders. Recent developments in sequencing technology have provided new insights into the structure and function of skin microbial communities. Based on high-throughput sequencing analysis, a growing body of evidence indicates that a new treatment using live bacteria, termed bacteriotherapy, is a feasible therapeutic option for cutaneous diseases caused by dysbiosis. In particular, the administration of specific bacterial strains has been investigated as an exclusionary treatment strategy against pathogens associated with chronic skin disorders, whereas the safety, efficacy, and sustainability of this therapeutic approach using isolated live bacteria need to be further explored. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the skin microbiota, as well as therapeutic strategies using characterized strains of live bacteria for skin inflammatory diseases. The ecosystem formed by interactions between the host and skin microbial consortium is still largely unexplored; however, advances in our understanding of the function of the skin microbiota at the strain level will lead to the development of new therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
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8
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Chopra D, Arens RA, Amornpairoj W, Lowes MA, Tomic-Canic M, Strbo N, Lev-Tov H, Pastar I. Innate immunity and microbial dysbiosis in hidradenitis suppurativa – vicious cycle of chronic inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960488. [PMID: 35967376 PMCID: PMC9368759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory skin disease with incompletely understood mechanisms of disease pathology. HS is characterized by aberrant activation of the innate immune system, resulting in activation of pathways that aim to protect against pathogenic microorganisms, and also contribute to failure to resolve inflammation. Imbalance in innate immunity is evident in deregulation of host antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and the complement system associated with the microbiome dysbiosis. The pathology is further complicated by ability of pathogens associated with HS to overcome host immune response. Potential roles of major AMPs, cathelicidin, defensins, dermcidin, S100 proteins, RNAse 7 and complement proteins are discussed. Dysregulated expression pattern of innate immunity components in conjunction with bacterial component of the disease warrants consideration of novel treatment approaches targeting both host immunity and pathogenic microbiome in HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Chopra
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rachel A. Arens
- College of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Watcharee Amornpairoj
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Michelle A. Lowes
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Natasa Strbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Hadar Lev-Tov
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Irena Pastar, ; Hadar Lev-Tov,
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Irena Pastar, ; Hadar Lev-Tov,
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9
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Smith KJ, Gwyer Findlay E. Expression of antimicrobial host defence peptides in the central nervous system during health and disease. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 1:kyac003. [PMID: 38566904 PMCID: PMC10917193 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial host defence peptides (HDP) are critical for the first line of defence against bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. Over the past decade we have become more aware that, in addition to their antimicrobial roles, they also possess the potent immunomodulatory capacity. This includes chemoattracting immune cells, activating dendritic cells and macrophages, and altering T-cell differentiation. Most examinations of their immunomodulatory roles have focused on tissues in which they are very abundant, such as the intestine and the inflamed skin. However, HDP have now been detected in the brain and the spinal cord during a number of conditions. We propose that their presence in the central nervous system (CNS) during homeostasis, infection, and neurodegenerative disease has the potential to contribute to immunosurveillance, alter host responses and skew developing immunity. Here, we review the evidence for HDP expression and function in the CNS in health and disease. We describe how a wide range of HDP are expressed in the CNS of humans, rodents, birds, and fish, suggesting a conserved role in protecting the brain from pathogens, with evidence of production by resident CNS cells. We highlight differences in methodology used and how this may have resulted in the immunomodulatory roles of HDP being overlooked. Finally, we discuss what HDP expression may mean for CNS immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Smith
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emily Gwyer Findlay
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
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10
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Xiao Q, Zoulikha M, Qiu M, Teng C, Lin C, Li X, Sallam MA, Xu Q, He W. The effects of protein corona on in vivo fate of nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114356. [PMID: 35595022 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the emerging advances in utilizing nanocarriers for biomedical applications, a molecular-level understanding of the in vivo fate of nanocarriers is necessary. After administration into human fluids, nanocarriers can attract proteins onto their surfaces, forming an assembled adsorption layer called protein corona (PC). The formed PC can influence the physicochemical properties and subsequently determine nanocarriers' biological behaviors. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the features and effects of the PC on the nanocarriers' surface is the first and most important step towards controlling their in vivo fate. This review introduces fundamental knowledge such as the definition, formation, composition, conformation, and characterization of the PC, emphasizing the in vivo environmental factors that control the PC formation. The effect of PC on the physicochemical properties and thus biological behaviors of nanocarriers was then presented and thoroughly discussed. Finally, we proposed the design strategies available for engineering PC onto nanocarriers to manipulate them with the desired surface properties and achieve the best biomedical outcomes.
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11
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Qiu F, Long H, Zhang L, Liu J, Yang Z, Huang X. Dermcidin Enhances the Migration, Invasion, and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:429-438. [PMID: 35836774 PMCID: PMC9240242 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common primary liver neoplasm with high mortality. Dermcidin (DCD), an antimicrobial peptide, has been reported to participate in oncogenesis. This study assessed the effects and underlying molecular events of DCD overexpression and knockdown on the regulation of HCC progression in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The serum DCD level was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. DCD overexpression, knockdown, and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) rescue were performed in SK-HEP-1 cells using plasmids. Immunofluorescence staining, quantitative PCR, and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of different genes and proteins. Differences in HCC cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell migration and invasion assays. A nude mouse HCC cell orthotopic model was employed to verify the in vitro data. RESULTS The level of serum DCD was higher in patients with HCC and in SK-HEP-1 cells. DCD overexpression caused upregulation of DCD, fibronectin, Rac1, and cell division control protein 42 homologue (Cdc42) mRNA and proteins as well as actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) protein (but reduced Arp2/3 mRNA levels) and activated Rac1 and Cdc42. Phenotypically, DCD overexpression induced HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro, whereas knockout of DCD expression had the opposite effects. A Rac1 rescue experiment in DCD-knockdown HCC cells increased HCC cell migration and invasion and increased the levels of active Rac1/total Rac1, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome family protein (WASP), Arp2/3, and fibronectin. DCD overexpression induced HCC cell metastasis to the abdomen and liver in vivo. CONCLUSIONS DCD promotes HCC cell migration, invasion, and metastasis through upregulation of noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 1 (Nck1), Rac1, Cdc42, WASP, and Arp2/3, which induce actin cytoskeletal remodeling and fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghua Qiu
- Department of Hospital Acquired Infection Control, Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huajing Long
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyuan Liu
- University of California, San Diego, Warren College, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zetian Yang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhang Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence to: Xianzhang Huang, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 58 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4320-9181. Tel: +86-13544549165, Fax: +86-20-81887233, E-mail:
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12
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Wen Q, Liu R, Ouyang Z, He T, Zhang W, Chen X. Identification of a New Antifungal Peptide W1 From a Marine Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Reveals Its Potential in Controlling Fungal Plant Diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:922454. [PMID: 35774453 PMCID: PMC9237960 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.922454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A bacterium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens W0101, isolated from the Arctic Ocean, showed potent antifungal activity against several plant pathogenic fungi. An antifungal peptide W1, with a molecular weight of approximately 2.4 kDa, was purified from the culture supernatant of the strain W0101 using ion-exchange chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. By analysis of Liquid Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer, the peptide W1 was identified as a new antifungal peptide derived from the fragment of preprotein translocase subunit YajC. Further analysis revealed that W1 could disrupt the hyphae and spores of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and inhibit its growth. W1 suppressed S. sclerotiorum and Fusarium oxysporum at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 140 and 58 μg/ml, respectively. The antifungal activity of W1 remained stable at 20–80°C or pH 6–11, with reduced activity at 100–110°C and pH 4–5, and under three protease treatments. Additionally, W1 also had a certain extent of metal ion resistance. These results therefore suggest that the peptide W1 from marine B. amyloliquefaciens W0101 may represent a new antifungal peptide with potential application in the biocontrol of plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruizhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenxiao Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianliang He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianliang He,
| | - Weini Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China
- Xinhua Chen,
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13
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Iksanova AM, Arzumanian VG, Konanykhina SY, Samoylikov PV. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins in human biological fluids. MICROBIOLOGY INDEPENDENT RESEARCH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.18527/2500-2236-2022-9-1-37-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are endogenous compounds that have a direct antimicrobial effect on bacteria (e. g., by disrupting bacterial membranes), as well as on fungi and viruses. AMPs are the main component of the innate immunity of living organisms and are produced by both epithelial cells (skin cells, cells of respiratory tract, intestine, urinary and genital tracts) and cells of the immune system and are secreted into secretory fluids. AMPs can also act as chemoattractants for immunocompetent cells (neutrophils, monocytes, T lymphocytes, dendritic cells) in the inflammation site and affect the antigen presenting cells by modulating adaptive T cell immune responses. The representatives of the main 15 AMP classes, that we describe in this review, are the most studied group of the large pool of these compounds. We discuss their localization, expression, and concentration in various biofluids of humans under normal and pathological conditions.
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14
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Qiang X, Li J, Zhu S, He M, Chen W, Al-Abed Y, Brenner M, Tracey KJ, Wang P, Wang H. Human Dermcidin Protects Mice Against Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Local and Remote Inflammatory Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 12:821154. [PMID: 35095926 PMCID: PMC8795592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.821154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is commonly associated with surgical liver resection or transplantation, and represents a major cause of liver damage and graft failure. Currently, there are no effective therapies to prevent hepatic I/R injury other than ischemic preconditioning and some preventative strategies. Previously, we have revealed the anti-inflammatory activity of a sweat gland-derived peptide, dermcidin (DCD), in macrophage/monocyte cultures. Here, we sought to explore its therapeutic potential and protective mechanisms in a murine model of hepatic I/R. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to hepatic ischemia by clamping the hepatic artery and portal vein for 60 min, which was then removed to initiate reperfusion. At the beginning of reperfusion, 0.2 ml saline control or solution of DCD (0.5 mg/kg BW) or DCD-C34S analog (0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg BW) containing a Cys (C)→Ser (S) substitution at residue 34 was injected via the internal jugular vein. For survival experiments, mice were subjected to additional resection to remove non-ischemic liver lobes, and animal survival was monitored for 10 days. For mechanistic studies, blood and tissue samples were collected at 24 h after the onset of reperfusion, and subjected to measurements of various markers of inflammation and tissue injury by real-time RT-PCR, immunoassays, and histological analysis. Results Recombinant DCD or DCD-C34S analog conferred a significant protection against lethal hepatic I/R when given intravenously at the beginning of reperfusion. This protection was associated with a significant reduction in hepatic injury, neutrophilic CXC chemokine (Mip-2) expression, neutrophil infiltration, and associated inflammation. Furthermore, the administration of DCD also resulted in a significant attenuation of remote lung inflammatory injury. Mechanistically, DCD interacted with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a key regulator of liver inflammation, and significantly inhibited hepatic I/R-induced phosphorylation of EGFR as well as a downstream signaling molecule, protein kinase B (AKT). The suppression of EGFR expression by transducing Egfr-specific shRNA plasmid into macrophages abrogated the DCD-mediated inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production induced by a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), cold-inducible RNA-binding protein, CIRP. Conclusions The present study suggests that human DCD and its analog may be developed as novel therapeutics to attenuate hepatic I/R-induced inflammatory injury possibly by impairing EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Qiang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Jianhua Li
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Shu Zhu
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Mingzhu He
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Max Brenner
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- TheraSource LLC, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- TheraSource LLC, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Haichao Wang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
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15
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Farshadzadeh Z, Pourhajibagher M, Taheri B, Ekrami A, Modarressi MH, Azimzadeh M, Bahador A. Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm potencies of dermcidin-derived peptide DCD-1L against Acinetobacter baumannii: an in vivo wound healing model. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:25. [PMID: 35026999 PMCID: PMC8756727 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global emergence of Acinetobacter baumannii resistance to most conventional antibiotics presents a major therapeutic challenge and necessitates the discovery of new antibacterial agents. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro and in vivo anti-biofilm potency of dermcidin-1L (DCD-1L) against extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-, pandrug-resistant (PDR)-, and ATCC19606-A. baumannii. METHODS After determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of DCD-1L, in vitro anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm activities of DCD-1L were evaluated. Cytotoxicity, hemolytic activity, and the effect of DCD-1L treatment on the expression of various biofilm-associated genes were determined. The inhibitory effect of DCD-1L on biofilm formation in the model of catheter-associated infection, as well as, histopathological examination of the burn wound sites of mice treated with DCD-1L were assessed. RESULTS The bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in all A. baumannii isolates were inhibited at 2 × , 4 × , and 8 × MIC of DCD-1L, while only 8 × MIC of DCD-1L was able to destroy the pre-formed biofilm in vitro. Also, reduce the expression of genes involved in biofilm formation was observed following DCD-1L treatment. DCD-1L without cytotoxic and hemolytic activities significantly reduced the biofilm formation in the model of catheter-associated infection. In vivo results showed that the count of A. baumannii in infected wounds was significantly decreased and the promotion in wound healing by the acceleration of skin re-epithelialization in mice was observed following treatment with 8 × MIC of DCD-1L. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study demonstrated that DCD-1L can inhibit bacterial attachment and biofilm formation and prevent the onset of infection. Taking these properties together, DCD-1L appears as a promising candidate for antimicrobial and anti-biofilm drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farshadzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behrouz Taheri
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ekrami
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Azimzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Fellowship in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, BioHealth Lab, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Hirata AS, Rezende-Teixeira P, Machado-Neto JA, Jimenez PC, Clair JJL, Fenical W, Costa-Lotufo LV. Seriniquinones as Therapeutic Leads for Treatment of BRAF and NRAS Mutant Melanomas. Molecules 2021; 26:7362. [PMID: 34885944 PMCID: PMC8658889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated from the marine bacteria Serinicoccus sp., seriniquinone (SQ1) has been characterized by its selective activity in melanoma cell lines marked by its modulation of human dermcidin and induction of autophagy and apoptosis. While an active lead, the lack of solubility of SQ1 in both organic and aqueous media has complicated its preclinical evaluation. In response, our team turned its effort to explore analogues with the goal of returning synthetically accessible materials with comparable selectivity and activity. The analogue SQ2 showed improved solubility and reached a 30-40-fold greater selectivity for melanoma cells. Here, we report a detailed comparison of the activity of SQ1 and SQ2 in SK-MEL-28 and SK-MEL-147 cell lines, carrying the top melanoma-associated mutations, BRAFV600E and NRASQ61R, respectively. These studies provide a definitive report on the activity, viability, clonogenicity, dermcidin expression, autophagy, and apoptosis induction following exposure to SQ1 or SQ2. Overall, these studies showed that SQ1 and SQ2 demonstrated comparable activity and modulation of dermcidin expression. These studies are further supported through the evaluation of a panel of basal expression of key-genes related to autophagy and apoptosis, providing further insight into the role of these mutations. To explore this rather as a survival or death mechanism, autophagy inhibition sensibilized BRAF mutants to SQ1 and SQ2, whereas the opposite happened to NRAS mutants. These data suggest that the seriniquinones remain active, independently of the melanoma mutation, and suggest the future combination of their application with inhibitors of autophagy to treat BRAF-mutated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S. Hirata
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (A.S.H.); (P.R.-T.); (J.A.M.-N.)
| | - Paula Rezende-Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (A.S.H.); (P.R.-T.); (J.A.M.-N.)
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (A.S.H.); (P.R.-T.); (J.A.M.-N.)
| | - Paula C. Jimenez
- Institute of Marine Science, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos 11070-100, SP, Brazil;
| | - James J. La Clair
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0358, USA;
| | - William Fenical
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0204, USA;
| | - Leticia V. Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (A.S.H.); (P.R.-T.); (J.A.M.-N.)
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Tan Y, Tey HL, Chong SZ, Ng LG. Skin-ny deeping: Uncovering immune cell behavior and function through imaging techniques. Immunol Rev 2021; 306:271-292. [PMID: 34859448 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As the largest organ of the body, the skin is a key barrier tissue with specialized structures where ongoing immune surveillance is critical for protecting the body from external insults. The innate immune system acts as first-responders in a coordinated manner to react to injury or infections, and recent developments in intravital imaging techniques have made it possible to delineate dynamic immune cell responses in a spatiotemporal manner. We review here key studies involved in understanding neutrophil, dendritic cell and macrophage behavior in skin and further discuss how this knowledge collectively highlights the importance of interactions and cellular functions in a systems biology manner. Furthermore, we will review emerging imaging technologies such as high-content proteomic screening, spatial transcriptomics and three-dimensional volumetric imaging and how these techniques can be integrated to provide a systems overview of the immune system that will further our current knowledge and lead to potential exciting discoveries in the upcoming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingrou Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore, Singapore.,National Skin Centre, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Liang Tey
- National Skin Centre, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore, Singapore.,National Skin Centre, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Staudenmaier L, Focken J, Schlatterer K, Kretschmer D, Schittek B. Bacterial membrane vesicles shape Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization and induction of innate immune responses. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:349-361. [PMID: 34679243 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus colonization is abundant on the skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients where it contributes to skin inflammation. S. aureus produces virulence factors that distinguish it from commensal skin bacteria such as S. epidermidis and S. lugdunensis. However, it has remained unclear, which of these virulence factors have the strongest impact on AD. Membrane vesicles (MVs) are released by pathogenic bacteria and might play an essential role in the long-distance delivery of bacterial effectors such as virulence factors. We show that MVs are also released by skin commensals in a similar quantity and membrane lipid amount as those from pathogenic S. aureus. Interestingly, MVs from skin commensals can protect against S. aureus skin colonization by conditioning human skin for enhanced defence. In contrast, MVs released by S. aureus are able to induce CXCL8 and TNF-α in primary human keratinocytes, recruit neutrophils and induce neutrophil extracellular traps, which enhance S. aureus skin colonization. CXCL8 induction is TLR2- and NFkB-dependent and the induction level correlates with the membrane lipid and protein A content of the MVs. Interestingly, MVs of S. aureus strains from the lesional skin of AD patients show an enhanced membrane lipid and protein A content compared to the strains from the non-lesional sites and have an enhanced proinflammatory potential. Our data underline the complex interplay in host- and bacterial derived factors in S. aureus skin colonization and the important role of bacterial derived MVs and their membrane lipid and protein A content in skin inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Staudenmaier
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jule Focken
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Schlatterer
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Kretschmer
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Schittek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Rumpret M, von Richthofen HJ, van der Linden M, Westerlaken GHA, Talavera Ormeño C, van Strijp JAG, Landau M, Ovaa H, van Sorge NM, Meyaard L. Signal inhibitory receptor on leukocytes-1 recognizes bacterial and endogenous amphipathic α-helical peptides. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21875. [PMID: 34533845 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100812r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Signal inhibitory receptor on leukocytes-1 (SIRL-1) is a negative regulator of myeloid cell function and dampens antimicrobial responses. We here show that different species of the genus Staphylococcus secrete SIRL-1-engaging factors. By screening a library of single-gene transposon mutants in Staphylococcus aureus, we identified these factors as phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs). PSMs are amphipathic α-helical peptides involved in multiple aspects of staphylococcal virulence and physiology. They are cytotoxic and activate the chemotactic formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) on immune cells. Human cathelicidin LL-37 is also an amphipathic α-helical peptide with antimicrobial and chemotactic activities, structurally and functionally similar to α-type PSMs. We demonstrate that α-type PSMs from multiple staphylococcal species as well as human cathelicidin LL-37 activate SIRL-1, suggesting that SIRL-1 recognizes α-helical peptides with an amphipathic arrangement of hydrophobicity, although we were not able to show direct binding to SIRL-1. Upon rational peptide design, we identified artificial peptides in which the capacity to ligate SIRL-1 is segregated from cytotoxic and FPR2-activating properties, allowing specific engagement of SIRL-1. In conclusion, we propose staphylococcal PSMs and human LL-37 as a potential new class of natural ligands for SIRL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matevž Rumpret
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Helen J von Richthofen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van der Linden
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geertje H A Westerlaken
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cami Talavera Ormeño
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jos A G van Strijp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Meytal Landau
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina M van Sorge
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linde Meyaard
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Lager TW, Conner C, Keating CR, Warshaw JN, Panopoulos AD. Cell surface GRP78 and Dermcidin cooperate to regulate breast cancer cell migration through Wnt signaling. Oncogene 2021; 40:4050-4059. [PMID: 33981001 PMCID: PMC8197743 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock protein GRP78 typically resides in the endoplasmic reticulum in normal tissues, but it has been shown to be expressed on the cell surface of several cancer cells, and some stem cells, where it can act as a signaling molecule by not-yet-fully defined mechanisms. Although cell surface GRP78 (sGRP78) has emerged as an attractive chemotherapeutic target, understanding how sGRP78 is functioning in cancer has been complicated by the fact that sGRP78 can function in a cell-context dependent manner, with a diverse array of reported binding partners, to regulate a variety of cellular responses. We had previously shown that sGRP78 was important in regulating pluripotent stem cell (PSC) functions, and hypothesized that embryonic-like mechanisms of GRP78 were critical to regulating aggressive breast cancer cell functions. Here, using proteomics we identify Dermcidin (DCD) as a novel sGRP78 binding partner common to both PSCs and breast cancer cells. We show that GRP78 and DCD cooperate to regulate stem cell and cancer cell migration that is dependent on the cell surface functions of these proteins. Finally, we identify Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a critical pathway in stem cell and cancer cell biology, as an important downstream intermediate in regulating this migration phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson W Lager
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Clay Conner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Claudia R Keating
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jane N Warshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Departments of Cell Biology and Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Athanasia D Panopoulos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA. .,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA. .,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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21
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Kang M, Ahn B, Yum J, Cho H, Choi M, Hong K, Choi Y, Kim J, Park C. Influence of habitat change from land to sea on the evolution of antimicrobial peptide gene families, including
β‐defensin
gene clusters, in mammals. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingue Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Byeongyong Ahn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Joori Yum
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Hye‐sun Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Munjeong Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Youngsok Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Jin‐Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul South Korea
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22
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Alecu M, Coman G, Mușetescu A, Coman OA. Antimicrobial peptides as an argument for the involvement of innate immunity in psoriasis (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:192. [PMID: 33101482 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of oligopeptides found in most multicellular organisms with a capacity for rapid and nonspecific destruction of pathogens. The action of destroying pathogens is associated with a strong proinflammatory activity, stimulating the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors but also chemotaxis, the activation of dendritic cells and involving adaptive immunity also. The action of AMPs fits perfectly into the characteristics of innate immunity which makes these peptides candidates to be considered as an important element of this type of immunity. It has been shown that AMPs are involved in a number of cellular processes such as: differentiation, proliferation, maturation, thus widening the degree of involvement of these peptides in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. In psoriasis, AMPs act both as a pro-inflammatory and chemotaxis factor and through the cathelicidin (LL-37)/dc DNA complex as a possible autoantigen for T cells, triggering an autoimmune response, activating the Th17/IL23 axis and maintaining the inflammatory process. Thus, many arguments are accumulated to consider that innate immunity through AMPs is an important link in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Moreover, the action of antimicrobial peptides in psoriasis is almost entirely characteristic for the general mode of action of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihail Alecu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, 'Dr. Victor Babes' Clinical Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania.,Departments of Dermatovenereology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Titu Maiorescu' University, 040051 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Coman
- Department of Dermatovenereology, 'Dr. Victor Babes' Clinical Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Mușetescu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, 'Dr. Victor Babes' Clinical Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania.,Departments of Dermatovenereology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Titu Maiorescu' University, 040051 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Andreia Coman
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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23
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Varghese E, Samuel SM, Líšková A, Samec M, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Targeting Glucose Metabolism to Overcome Resistance to Anticancer Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2252. [PMID: 32806533 PMCID: PMC7464784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in women. BC is heterogeneous, with distinct phenotypical and morphological characteristics. These are based on their gene expression profiles, which divide BC into different subtypes, among which the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype is the most aggressive one. The growing interest in tumor metabolism emphasizes the role of altered glucose metabolism in driving cancer progression, response to cancer treatment, and its distinct role in therapy resistance. Alterations in glucose metabolism are characterized by increased uptake of glucose, hyperactivated glycolysis, decreased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) component, and the accumulation of lactate. These deviations are attributed to the upregulation of key glycolytic enzymes and transporters of the glucose metabolic pathway. Key glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and enolase are upregulated, thereby conferring resistance towards drugs such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, tamoxifen, and doxorubicin. Besides, drug efflux and detoxification are two energy-dependent mechanisms contributing to resistance. The emergence of resistance to chemotherapy can occur at an early or later stage of the treatment, thus limiting the success and outcome of the therapy. Therefore, understanding the aberrant glucose metabolism in tumors and its link in conferring therapy resistance is essential. Using combinatory treatment with metabolic inhibitors, for example, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and metformin, showed promising results in countering therapy resistance. Newer drug designs such as drugs conjugated to sugars or peptides that utilize the enhanced expression of tumor cell glucose transporters offer selective and efficient drug delivery to cancer cells with less toxicity to healthy cells. Last but not least, naturally occurring compounds of plants defined as phytochemicals manifest a promising approach for the eradication of cancer cells via suppression of essential enzymes or other compartments associated with glycolysis. Their benefits for human health open new opportunities in therapeutic intervention, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. Importantly, phytochemicals as efficacious instruments of anticancer therapy can suppress events leading to chemoresistance of cancer cells. Here, we review the current knowledge of altered glucose metabolism in contributing to resistance to classical anticancer drugs in BC treatment and various ways to target the aberrant metabolism that will serve as a promising strategy for chemosensitizing tumors and overcoming resistance in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Alena Líšková
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
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24
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Espinosa-Gómez FC, Ruíz-May E, Serio-Silva JC, Chapman CA. Salivary proteome of a Neotropical primate: potential roles in host defense and oral food perception. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9489. [PMID: 32765966 PMCID: PMC7382365 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saliva contains a very complex mixture of proteins for defense against microbiological pathogens and for oral food perception. Howler monkeys are Neotropical primates that can consume a mostly leaf diet. They are well known to thrive in highly disturbed habitats where they may cope with a diversity of dietary challenges and infection risks. We aimed to describe the salivary proteome of howlers to contribute to better understanding of their physiology. METHODS We analyzed the salivary proteins of wild black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra), by SDS-PAGE-1-D and Nano LC-MS/MS and categorized them by their function involved in host defense and oral food perception. RESULTS Our proteomic analysis identified 156 proteins in howler saliva including a number of host defense peptides that are the first line of defense in mammals, such as defensin, cathelicidin, dermcidin, and lactotransferrin, and proteins with anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral capacity, such as IgA, IgG, IgM, BPI, salivary heat shock 70 kDa protein, beta-2-microbulin, and protein S-100. We also identified key proteins necessary for taste perception, including salivary carbonic anhydrase VI, cystatin D, IgA, and fatty acid-binding protein. Proteins to detect astringent foods were identifying, including four members of cystatins (A, B, C and D), lactoperoxidase, and histidine-rich proteins. No chitinase and amylase were identified as would be expected because howlers do not eat insects and little starch. These findings provide basic information to future studies in oral biology, ingestive physiology, and physiological ecology of mammals and non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Carolina Espinosa-Gómez
- Department of Anthropology and McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología AC, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Eliel Ruíz-May
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología AC, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Juan Carlos Serio-Silva
- Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología AC, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Colin A. Chapman
- Department of Anthropology and McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington DC, Washington DC, United States of America
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an, Xi’an, China
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25
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Catinean A, Neag MA, Mitre AO, Bocsan CI, Buzoianu AD. Microbiota and Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases-An Overview. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090279. [PMID: 31438634 PMCID: PMC6781142 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increased attention has been paid to the relationship between microbiota and various diseases, especially immune-mediated diseases. Because conventional therapy for many autoimmune diseases is limited both in efficacy and safety, there is an increased interest in identifying nutraceuticals, particularly probiotics, able to modulate the microbiota and ameliorate these diseases. In this review, we analyzed the research focused on the role of gut microbiota and skin in immunity, their role in immune-mediated skin diseases (IMSDs), and the beneficial effect of probiotics in patients with this pathology. We selected articles published between 2009 and 2019 in PubMed and ScienceDirect that provided information regarding microbiota, IMSDs and the role of probiotics in these diseases. We included results from different types of studies including observational and interventional clinical trials or in vivo and in vitro experimental studies. Our results showed that probiotics have a beneficial effect in changing the microbiota of patients with IMSDs; they also influence disease progression. Further studies are needed to better understand the impact of new therapies on intestinal microbiota. It is also important to determine whether the microbiota of patients with autoimmune diseases can be manipulated in order to restore homeostasis of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Catinean
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Adriana Neag
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andrei Otto Mitre
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Corina Ioana Bocsan
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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26
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Investigation of serum proteome homeostasis during radiation therapy by a quantitative proteomics approach. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182319. [PMID: 31300526 PMCID: PMC6663990 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to analyze the serum proteome of patients receiving Radiation Therapy (RT) at different stages of their treatment to discovery candidate biomarkers of the radiation-induced skin lesions and the molecular pathways underlying the radiation signatures. Six stages of RT treatment were monitored from patients treated because of brain cancer: before starting the treatment, during the treatment (four time points), and at 4 weeks from the last RT dose. Serum samples were analyzed by a proteomics approach based on the Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry (MS). RT induced clear changes in the expression levels of 36 serum proteins. Among these, 25 proteins were down- or up-regulated significantly before the emergence of skin lesions. Some of these were still deregulated after the completion of the treatment. Few days before the appearance of the skin lesions, the levels of some proteins involved in the wound healing processes were down-regulated. The pathway analysis indicated that after partial body irradiation, the expression levels of proteins functionally involved in the acute inflammatory and immune response, lipoprotein process and blood coagulation, were deregulated.
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27
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Puthumadathil N, Jayasree P, Santhosh Kumar K, Nampoothiri KM, Bajaj H, Mahendran KR. Detecting the structural assembly pathway of human antimicrobial peptide pores at single-channel level. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:3226-3237. [PMID: 31165117 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00181f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pore-forming structures of an anionic human antimicrobial peptide dermcidin (DCD) in a membrane environment has not been demonstrated previously. Using single-channel electrical recordings, we characterized the structural and functional properties of the DCD peptide channel in lipid membranes. We show that a 48-residue, 8 nm long anionic DCD-1L peptide is folded in the right conformation in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) that spontaneously inserts into lipid bilayers to form well-defined channels. However, the DCD-1L peptides are not properly folded in n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside (DDM), resulting in unstable channels suggesting the significance of specific detergent in stable channel formation. Furthermore, a 25-residue cationic DCD SSL-25 peptide formed channels both in SDS and DDM micelles as the length of the peptide matches with the thickness of the membrane. Finally, we quantified the permeation of small molecules through the DCD channels in liposome assays. Accordingly, we propose a molecular model demonstrating the structural self-assembly of the DCD channels in the membrane. We suggest that an understanding of the mechanism of action of DCD peptides at single-channel resolution will lead to developing peptide-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neethu Puthumadathil
- Membrane Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India. and Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Poornendhu Jayasree
- Membrane Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India.
| | - K Santhosh Kumar
- Membrane Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India.
| | - K Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Harsha Bajaj
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Kozhinjampara R Mahendran
- Membrane Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India.
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28
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Coates M, Mariottoni P, Corcoran DL, Kirshner HF, Jaleel T, Brown DA, Brooks SR, Murray J, Morasso MI, MacLeod AS. The skin transcriptome in hidradenitis suppurativa uncovers an antimicrobial and sweat gland gene signature which has distinct overlap with wounded skin. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216249. [PMID: 31059533 PMCID: PMC6502346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating chronic inflammatory skin disease resulting in non-healing wounds affecting body areas of high hair follicle and sweat gland density. The pathogenesis of HS is not well understood but appears to involve dysbiosis-driven aberrant activation of the innate immune system leading to excessive inflammation. Marked dysregulation of antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) in HS is observed, which may contribute to this sustained inflammation. Here, we analyzed HS skin transcriptomes from previously published studies and integrated these findings through a comparative analysis with a published wound healing data set and with immunofluorescence and qPCR analysis from new HS patient samples. Among the top differently expressed genes between lesional and non-lesional HS skin were members of the S100 family as well as dermcidin, the latter known as a sweat gland-associated AMP and one of the most downregulated genes in HS lesions. Interestingly, many genes associated with sweat gland function, such as secretoglobins and aquaporin 5, were decreased in HS lesional skin and we discovered that these genes demonstrated opposite expression profiles in healing skin. Conversely, HS lesional and wounded skin shared a common gene signature including genes encoding for S100 proteins, defensins, and genes encoding antiviral proteins. Overall, our results suggest that the pathogenesis of HS may be driven by changes in AMP expression and altered sweat gland function, and may share a similar pathology with chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Coates
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Paula Mariottoni
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - David L. Corcoran
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Hélène Fradin Kirshner
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Tarannum Jaleel
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - David A. Brown
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Stephen R. Brooks
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - John Murray
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Maria I. Morasso
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Amanda S. MacLeod
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Pinnell Center for Investigative Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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The primate-specific peptide Y-P30 regulates morphological maturation of neocortical dendritic spines. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211151. [PMID: 30759095 PMCID: PMC6373909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 30-amino acid peptide Y-P30 corresponds to the N-terminus of the primate-specific, sweat gland-derived dermcidin prepropeptide. Previous work has revealed that Y-P30 enhances the interaction of pleiotrophin and syndecans-2/3, and thus represents a natural ligand to study this signaling pathway. In immature neurons, Y-P30 activates the c-Src and p42/44 ERK kinase pathway, increases the amount of F-actin in axonal growth cones, and promotes neuronal survival, cell migration and axonal elongation. The action of Y-P30 on axonal growth requires syndecan-3 and heparan sulfate side chains. Whether Y-P30 has the potential to influence dendrites and dendritic protrusions has not been explored. The latter is suggested by the observations that syndecan-2 expression increases during postnatal development, that syndecan-2 becomes enriched in dendritic spines, and that overexpression of syndecan-2 in immature neurons results in a premature morphological maturation of dendritic spines. Here, analysing rat cortical pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons in organotypic cultures, we show that Y-P30 does not alter the development of the dendritic arborization patterns. However, Y-P30 treatment decreases the density of apical, but not basal dendritic protrusions at the expense of the filopodia. Analysis of spine morphology revealed an unchanged mushroom/stubby-to-thin spine ratio and a shortening of the longest decile of dendritic protrusions. Whole-cell recordings from cortical principal neurons in dissociated cultures grown in the presence of Y-P30 demonstrated a decrease in the frequency of glutamatergic mEPSCs. Despite these differences in protrusion morphology and synaptic transmission, the latter likely attributable to presynaptic effects, calcium event rate and amplitude recorded in pyramidal neurons in organotypic cultures were not altered by Y-P30 treatment. Together, our data suggest that Y-P30 has the capacity to decelerate spinogenesis and to promote morphological, but not synaptic, maturation of dendritic protrusions.
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30
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Bicho D, Ajami S, Liu C, Reis RL, Oliveira JM. Peptide-biofunctionalization of biomaterials for osteochondral tissue regeneration in early stage osteoarthritis: challenges and opportunities. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1027-1044. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03173h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the progressive deterioration of articular cartilage, synovial inflammation and changes in periarticular and subchondral bone, being a leading cause of disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Bicho
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra
- Guimarães
- Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory
- Braga/Guimarães
| | - S. Ajami
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculo-Skeletal Sci, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
- Stanmore
- UK
| | - C. Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculo-Skeletal Sci, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
- Stanmore
- UK
| | - R. L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra
- Guimarães
- Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory
- Braga/Guimarães
| | - J. M. Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra
- Guimarães
- Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory
- Braga/Guimarães
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31
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Cunningham TJ, Greenstein J, Yao L, Fischer I, Connors T. Heptamer Peptide Disassembles Native Amyloid in Human Plasma Through Heat Shock Protein 70. Rejuvenation Res 2018; 21:527-534. [PMID: 29651925 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2017.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis, which includes the repair and disposal of misfolded proteins, depends, in part, on the activity of heat shock proteins (HSPs), a well-known class of chaperone molecules. When this process fails, abnormally folded proteins may accumulate in cells, tissues, and blood. These species are a hallmark of protein aggregation diseases, but also amass during aging, often in the absence of an identified clinical disorder. We report that a neuroprotective cyclic heptapeptide, CHEC-7, which has been applied systemically as a therapeutic in animal neurodegeneration models, disrupts such aggregates and inhibits amyloidogenesis when added in nanomolar concentrations to human plasma. This effect includes aggregates of amyloid beta (Aβ1-40, 1-42), prominent features of Alzheimer's disease pathology. The activity of endogenous HSP70, a recently discovered target of the peptide, is required as demonstrated by both antibody blocking and application of pifithrin-μ, an HSP70 inhibitor. CHEC-7 is the first high-affinity compound to stimulate HSP70's disaggregase activity and therefore enable this endogenous mechanism in a human systemic environment, increasing the likelihood of a convenient therapy for protein aggregate disease, including age-related failures of protein repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Cunningham
- 1 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Lihua Yao
- 1 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Itzhak Fischer
- 1 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Theresa Connors
- 1 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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32
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Peptide based therapeutics and their use for the treatment of neurodegenerative and other diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:574-581. [PMID: 29677544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are actively involved in different biological functions and importantly contribute to human health, and the use of peptides as therapeutics has a long successful history in disease management. A number of peptides have wide-ranging therapeutic effects, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antithrombotic effects. Neurodegenerative diseases are typically caused by abnormal aggregations of proteins or peptides, and the depositions of these aggregates in or on neurons, disrupt signaling and eventually kill neurons. During recent years, research on short peptides has advanced tremendously. This review offers a brief introduction to peptide based therapeutics and their application in disease management and provides an overview of peptide vaccines, and toxicity related issues. In addition, the importance of peptides in the management of different neurodegenerative diseases and their therapeutic applications is discussed. The present review provides an understanding of peptides and their applications for the management of different diseases, but with focus on neurodegenerative diseases. The role of peptides as anti-cancer, antimicrobial and antidiabetic agents has also been discussed.
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33
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Lee JK, Luchian T, Park Y. New antimicrobial peptide kills drug-resistant pathogens without detectable resistance. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15616-15634. [PMID: 29643997 PMCID: PMC5884652 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clavaspirin peptide (CSP) is derived from the pharyngeal tissues of the tunicate Styela clava. The 23-amino acid peptide is histidine-rich and amidated at the N-terminus. CSP possesses low antimicrobial and high hemolytic activity at pH 7.4. Therefore, we designed 4 CSP analogs with substituted hydrophobic amino acids to reduce hydrophobic amino acid interactions. These modifications reduced the aggregation and cytotoxicity of the analogs at pH 7.4. The analogs also showed potent antimicrobial activity by accumulating on bacterial cell surfaces and inducing the lytic mechanism against gram-negative and gram-positive cells at pH 5.5 and 7.4. Moreover, exposure to the CSP-4 analog for up to 29 passages did not induce drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Application of CSP-4 to inflamed skin of hairless mice infected with drug-resistant S. aureus (DRSA) significantly reduced skin infections without damaging dermal collagen or elastin. Topically applied CSP-4 penetrated 25–40 µm in the dermis within 30 min, reducing the levels of Toll-like receptor-2, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1 β). These results suggest that CSP-4 could be a promising topical antimicrobial agent for skin diseases caused by DRSA such as S. aureus CCARM 0027.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Kook Lee
- Research Center for Proteinaceous Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Tudor Luchian
- Department of Physics, Alexandru I. Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Research Center for Proteinaceous Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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34
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Biodiversity of CS–proteoglycan sulphation motifs: chemical messenger recognition modules with roles in information transfer, control of cellular behaviour and tissue morphogenesis. Biochem J 2018; 475:587-620. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulphate (CS) glycosaminoglycan chains on cell and extracellular matrix proteoglycans (PGs) can no longer be regarded as merely hydrodynamic space fillers. Overwhelming evidence over recent years indicates that sulphation motif sequences within the CS chain structure are a source of significant biological information to cells and their surrounding environment. CS sulphation motifs have been shown to interact with a wide variety of bioactive molecules, e.g. cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, morphogenetic proteins, enzymes and enzyme inhibitors, as well as structural components within the extracellular milieu. They are therefore capable of modulating a panoply of signalling pathways, thus controlling diverse cellular behaviours including proliferation, differentiation, migration and matrix synthesis. Consequently, through these motifs, CS PGs play significant roles in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, morphogenesis, development, growth and disease. Here, we review (i) the biodiversity of CS PGs and their sulphation motif sequences and (ii) the current understanding of the signalling roles they play in regulating cellular behaviour during tissue development, growth, disease and repair.
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35
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Łoboda D, Kozłowski H, Rowińska-Żyrek M. Antimicrobial peptide–metal ion interactions – a potential way of activity enhancement. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04709f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the potential correlation between the antimicrobial peptide–metal binding mode, structure, thermodynamics and mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Łoboda
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Wroclaw
- 50-383 Wroclaw
- Poland
| | - H. Kozłowski
- Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole
- 45-060 Opole
- Poland
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36
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Nguyen VS, Tan KW, Ramesh K, Chew FT, Mok YK. Structural basis for the bacterial membrane insertion of dermcidin peptide, DCD-1L. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13923. [PMID: 29066724 PMCID: PMC5654962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human dermcidin (DCD) is an antimicrobial peptide secreted constitutively by sweat glands. The anionic derivative, DCD-1L, comprises of the N-terminal 47 residues of DCD and one additional leucine residue. A previous NMR structure of DCD-1L in 50% TFE showed a partial helical conformation, and its crystal structure in the presence of Zn2+ outlined a hexameric linear α-helical bundle. Three different models to describe membrane insertion were proposed but no conclusion was drawn. In the current study, the NMR structure of DCD-1L in SDS micelles showed an "L-shaped" molecule with three fully formed α-helices connected by flexible turns. Formation of these helices in DCD-1L in the presence of POPG vesicles suggests that the acidic C-terminal region of DCD-1L can suppress the binding of DCD-1L to POPG vesicles at basic but not acidic pH. Mutation of charged residues on the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of DCD-1L cause differences in POPG binding, suggesting distinct functional roles for these two regions. Charged residues from these two regions are also found to differentially affect Zn2+ coordination and aggregation of DCD-1L in the absence or presence of SDS, as monitored by 1D NMR. Our data agrees with one of the three models proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Sang Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Vietnam National University in Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai St., Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kang Wei Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karthik Ramesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Keung Mok
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore.
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37
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Motomura A, Shimizu M, Kato A, Motomura K, Yamamichi A, Koyama H, Ohka F, Nishikawa T, Nishimura Y, Hara M, Fukuda T, Bando Y, Nishimura T, Wakabayashi T, Natsume A. Remote ischemic preconditioning protects human neural stem cells from oxidative stress. Apoptosis 2017; 22:1353-1361. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Klaka P, Grüdl S, Banowski B, Giesen M, Sättler A, Proksch P, Welss T, Förster T. A novel organotypic 3D sweat gland model with physiological functionality. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182752. [PMID: 28796813 PMCID: PMC5552089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated human eccrine sweat glands can negatively impact the quality-of-life of people suffering from disorders like hyperhidrosis. Inability of sweating can even result in serious health effects in humans affected by anhidrosis. The underlying mechanisms must be elucidated and a reliable in vitro test system for drug screening must be developed. Here we describe a novel organotypic three-dimensional (3D) sweat gland model made of primary human eccrine sweat gland cells. Initial experiments revealed that eccrine sweat gland cells in a two-dimensional (2D) culture lose typical physiological markers. To resemble the in vivo situation as close as possible, we applied the hanging drop cultivation technology regaining most of the markers when cultured in its natural spherical environment. To compare the organotypic 3D sweat gland model versus human sweat glands in vivo, we compared markers relevant for the eccrine sweat gland using transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. Comparing the marker profile, a high in vitro-in vivo correlation was shown. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5), muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (CHRM3), Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), calcium-activated chloride channel anoctamin-1 (ANO1/TMEM16A), and aquaporin-5 (AQP5) are found at significant expression levels in the 3D model. Moreover, cholinergic stimulation with acetylcholine or pilocarpine leads to calcium influx monitored in a calcium flux assay. Cholinergic stimulation cannot be achieved with the sweat gland cell line NCL-SG3 used as a sweat gland model system. Our results show clear benefits of the organotypic 3D sweat gland model versus 2D cultures in terms of the expression of essential eccrine sweat gland key regulators and in the physiological response to stimulation. Taken together, this novel organotypic 3D sweat gland model shows a good in vitro-in vivo correlation and is an appropriate alternative for screening of potential bioactives regulating the sweat mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Klaka
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail: (PK); (TW)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Welss
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail: (PK); (TW)
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39
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Ageitos J, Sánchez-Pérez A, Calo-Mata P, Villa T. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs): Ancient compounds that represent novel weapons in the fight against bacteria. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 133:117-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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40
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Cheng Y, Belov K. Antimicrobial Protection of Marsupial Pouch Young. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:354. [PMID: 28326070 PMCID: PMC5339227 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marsupials diverged from eutherian mammals about 148 million years ago and represent a unique lineage of mammals with distinctive morphological and reproductive characteristics. Marsupials have significantly shorter gestation periods than eutherians. Pregnancy typically ranges from 15 to 35 days, with young being born at a very early developmental stage and lacking differentiated lymphoid tissues and mature effector cells. Recent microbiome studies of the marsupial pouch revealed that marsupial young can face intense microbial challenges after birth, as the pouch contains a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobials are believed to play a significant role in the immune protection of marsupial newborns during their pouch life. The skin of the post-reproductive pouch secretes antimicrobial lysozyme and dermcidin, which may contribute to the decreased density of certain bacteria in the pouch. A range of antimicrobial agents, such as immunoglobulins, lysozyme, transferrin, and cathelicidins, have been identified in marsupial milk. Antimicrobial assays have revealed that marsupial cathelicidins have broad-spectrum activity against a variety of bacteria and fungi, including several multi-drug resistant strains. In this article, we will review the action mechanisms of these antimicrobial compounds and discuss how they protect marsupial newborns from potentially pathogenic bacteria inside the pouch. We will also discuss the potential of marsupial antimicrobial compounds as a source of novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Belov
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
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41
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Rajasekaran S, Tangavel C, Aiyer SN, Nayagam SM, Raveendran M, Demonte NL, Subbaiah P, Kanna R, Shetty AP, Dharmalingam K. ISSLS PRIZE IN CLINICAL SCIENCE 2017: Is infection the possible initiator of disc disease? An insight from proteomic analysis. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2017; 26:1384-1400. [PMID: 28168343 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-017-4972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Proteomic and 16S rDNA analysis of disc tissues obtained in vivo. OBJECTIVE To address the controversy of infection as an aetiology for disc disorders through protein profiling. There is raging controversy over the presence of bacteria in human lumbar discs in vivo, and if they represent contamination or infection. Proteomics can provide valuable insight by identifying proteins signifying bacterial presence and, also host defence response proteins (HDRPs), which will confirm infection. METHODS 22 discs (15-disc herniations (DH), 5-degenerate (DD), 2-normal in MRI (NM) were harvested intraoperatively and immediately snap frozen. Samples were pooled into three groups and proteins extracted were analysed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Post identification, data analysis was performed using Uniprotdb, Pantherdb, Proteome discoverer and STRING network. Authentication for bacterial presence was performed by PCR amplification of 16S rDNA. RESULTS LC-MS/MS analysis using Orbitrap showed 1103 proteins in DH group, compared to 394 in NM and 564 in DD. 73 bacterial specific proteins were identified (56 specific for Propionibacterium acnes; 17 for Staphylococcus epidermidis). In addition, 67 infection-specific HDRPs, unique or upregulated, such as Defensin, Lysozyme, Dermcidin, Cathepsin-G, Prolactin-Induced Protein, and Phospholipase-A2, were identified confirming presence of infection. Species-specific primers for P. acnes exhibited amplicons at 946 bp (16S rDNA) and 515 bp (Lipase) confirming presence of P. acnes in both NM discs, 11 of 15 DH discs, and all five DD discs. Bioinformatic search for protein-protein interactions (STRING) documented 169 proteins with close interactions (protein clustering co-efficient 0.7) between host response and degenerative proteins implying that infection may initiate degradation through Ubiquitin C. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates bacterial specific proteins and host defence proteins to infection which strengthen the hypothesis of infection as a possible initiator of disc disease. These results can lead to a paradigm shift in our understanding and management of disc disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajasekaran
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, 313, Mettuppalayam Road, Coimbatore, 641043, India.
| | - Chitraa Tangavel
- Ganga Research Centre, No 91, Mettuppalayam Road, Coimbatore, 641030, India
| | - Siddharth N Aiyer
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, 313, Mettuppalayam Road, Coimbatore, 641043, India
| | | | - M Raveendran
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | | | - Pramela Subbaiah
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, 313, Mettuppalayam Road, Coimbatore, 641043, India
| | - Rishi Kanna
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, 313, Mettuppalayam Road, Coimbatore, 641043, India
| | - Ajoy Prasad Shetty
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, 313, Mettuppalayam Road, Coimbatore, 641043, India
| | - K Dharmalingam
- Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai, 625020, India
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42
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Gasteiger G, D'Osualdo A, Schubert DA, Weber A, Bruscia EM, Hartl D. Cellular Innate Immunity: An Old Game with New Players. J Innate Immun 2016; 9:111-125. [PMID: 28006777 DOI: 10.1159/000453397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is a rapidly evolving field with novel cell types and molecular pathways being discovered and paradigms changing continuously. Innate and adaptive immune responses are traditionally viewed as separate from each other, but emerging evidence suggests that they overlap and mutually interact. Recently discovered cell types, particularly innate lymphoid cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, are gaining increasing attention. Here, we summarize and highlight current concepts in the field, focusing on innate immune cells as well as the inflammasome and DNA sensing which appear to be critical for the activation and orchestration of innate immunity, and may provide novel therapeutic opportunities for treating autoimmune, autoinflammatory, and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Gasteiger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Freiburg, Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
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43
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Patel SJ, Darie CC, Clarkson BD. Effect of purified fractions from cell culture supernate of high-density pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (ALL3) on the growth of ALL3 cells at low density. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:417-428. [PMID: 27804141 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the aberrant growth and interactions between cells are not understood very well. The pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells directly obtained from an adult patient grow very poorly or do not grow at all at low density (LD), but grow better at high starting cell density (HD). We found that the LD ALL3 cells can be stimulated to grow in the presence of diffusible, soluble factors secreted by ALL3 cells themselves growing at high starting cell density. We then developed a biochemical purification procedure that allowed us to purify the factor(s) with stimulatory activity and analyzed them by nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS). Using nanoLC-MS/MS we have identified several proteins which were further processed using various bioinformatics tools. This resulted in eight protein candidates which might be responsible for the growth activity on non-growing LD ALL3 cells and their involvement in the stimulatory activity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapan J Patel
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology Program, New York, NY, USA.,Clarkson University, Biochemistry and Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Costel C Darie
- Clarkson University, Biochemistry and Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Bayard D Clarkson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology Program, New York, NY, USA
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44
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Malik E, Dennison SR, Harris F, Phoenix DA. pH Dependent Antimicrobial Peptides and Proteins, Their Mechanisms of Action and Potential as Therapeutic Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9040067. [PMID: 27809281 PMCID: PMC5198042 DOI: 10.3390/ph9040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are potent antibiotics of the innate immune system that have been extensively investigated as a potential solution to the global problem of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microbes. A group of AMPs that are increasingly being reported are those that utilise pH dependent antimicrobial mechanisms, and here we review research into this area. This review shows that these antimicrobial molecules are produced by a diverse spectrum of creatures, including vertebrates and invertebrates, and are primarily cationic, although a number of anionic examples are known. Some of these molecules exhibit high pH optima for their antimicrobial activity but in most cases, these AMPs show activity against microbes that present low pH optima, which reflects the acidic pH generally found at their sites of action, particularly the skin. The modes of action used by these molecules are based on a number of major structure/function relationships, which include metal ion binding, changes to net charge and conformational plasticity, and primarily involve the protonation of histidine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid residues at low pH. The pH dependent activity of pore forming antimicrobial proteins involves mechanisms that generally differ fundamentally to those used by pH dependent AMPs, which can be described by the carpet, toroidal pore and barrel-stave pore models of membrane interaction. A number of pH dependent AMPs and antimicrobial proteins have been developed for medical purposes and have successfully completed clinical trials, including kappacins, LL-37, histatins and lactoferrin, along with a number of their derivatives. Major examples of the therapeutic application of these antimicrobial molecules include wound healing as well as the treatment of multiple cancers and infections due to viruses, bacteria and fungi. In general, these applications involve topical administration, such as the use of mouth washes, cream formulations and hydrogel delivery systems. Nonetheless, many pH dependent AMPs and antimicrobial proteins have yet to be fully characterized and these molecules, as a whole, represent an untapped source of novel biologically active agents that could aid fulfillment of the urgent need for alternatives to conventional antibiotics, helping to avert a return to the pre-antibiotic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erum Malik
- School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Sarah R Dennison
- School of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Frederick Harris
- School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - David A Phoenix
- Office of the Vice Chancellor, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK.
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45
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Cottrill EE, Chen B, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Kennedy DW, Lee RJ, Cohen NA. Expression of dermcidin in human sinonasal secretions. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2016; 7:154-159. [PMID: 27650261 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced by the epithelium are important for innate immune defense. In 2001, a novel AMP dermcidin (DCD) was described with no homology to other AMPs and an expression pattern restricted to eccrine sweat glands. In contrast to other AMPs, DCD expression has not been shown to be induced under inflammatory conditions in the skin. After identifying DCD by mass spectrometry in a protein sample isolated from human nasal secretions, we sought to determine the role of DCD in innate defense of the sinonasal airway. METHODS After institutional review board approval, sinonasal mucosal tissue specimens were acquired from residual clinical material obtained during sinonasal surgery and used to grow cultures in an air-liquid interface environment. After stimulation of the cultures with various bitter compounds and phosphate-buffered saline, airway surface liquid was collected, and a DCD-specific enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to quantify DCD in each sample. To localize DCD expression, ALI cultures were fixed and immunofluorescence performed against DCD, β-tubulin IV, and Muc-5A. RESULTS Enzyme-linked immunoassay showed DCD in air-surface liquid and in clinical nasal secretion samples at concentrations comparable to eccrine sweat. There was no evidence of inducible expression with any of the tested stimulants. Confocal microscopy revealed DCD expression in sinonasal mucosal goblet cells. CONCLUSION This is the first report of the presence of DCD in nasal mucosa and demonstration of DCD in clinical samples of human nasal secretions at clinically relevant concentrations, which may represent a novel arm of sinonasal airway innate defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Cottrill
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bei Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - James N Palmer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David W Kennedy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Noam A Cohen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center Surgical Services, Philadelphia, PA.,Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA
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46
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The in Vitro Immune-Modulating Properties of a Sweat Gland-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide Dermcidin. Shock 2016; 45:28-32. [PMID: 26529659 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal barriers of the skin serve as the first layer of defense by limiting the access of many pathogens to the blood circulation. In addition, human skin also contains sweat glands that can secrete a wide array of antimicrobial peptides to restrain the growth of various microbes. In the case of microbial infection, macrophages and monocytes constitute the first line of defense by producing a wide array of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This process is triggered either by pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (such as bacterial endotoxin) or damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (such as HMGB1). In light of our findings that a sweat gland-derived antimicrobial peptide, dermcidin, affected both pathogen-associated molecular pattern and damage-associated molecular pattern-induced cytokines/chemokines by macrophages/monocytes, we propose that dermcidin may play an important role in the regulation of the innate immune responses to infection and injury. Future investigations are warranted to further test this understudied hypothesis in both preclinical and clinical settings.
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47
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Kalló G, Emri M, Varga Z, Ujhelyi B, Tőzsér J, Csutak A, Csősz É. Changes in the Chemical Barrier Composition of Tears in Alzheimer's Disease Reveal Potential Tear Diagnostic Biomarkers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158000. [PMID: 27327445 PMCID: PMC4915678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, with increasing prevalence affecting millions of people worldwide. Currently, only autopsy is able to confirm the diagnosis with a 100% certainty, therefore, biomarkers from body fluids obtained by non-invasive means provide an attractive alternative for the diagnosis of Alzheimer`s disease. Global changes of the protein profile were examined by quantitative proteomics; firstly, electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS were used, thereafter, SRM-based targeted proteomics method was developed and applied to examine quantitative changes of tear proteins. Alterations in the tear flow rate, total tear protein concentration and composition of the chemical barrier specific to AD were demonstrated, and the combination of lipocalin-1, dermcidin, lysozyme-C and lacritin was shown to be a potential biomarker, with an 81% sensitivity and 77% specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Kalló
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Emri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Varga
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Ujhelyi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Tőzsér
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienne Csutak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Csősz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Ortega-Martínez I, Gardeazabal J, Erramuzpe A, Sanchez-Diez A, Cortés J, García-Vázquez MD, Pérez-Yarza G, Izu R, Luís Díaz-Ramón J, de la Fuente IM, Asumendi A, Boyano MD. Vitronectin and dermcidin serum levels predict the metastatic progression of AJCC I-II early-stage melanoma. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1598-607. [PMID: 27216146 PMCID: PMC5089559 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Like many cancers, an early diagnosis of melanoma is fundamental to ensure a good prognosis, although an important proportion of stage I-II patients may still develop metastasis during follow-up. The aim of this work was to discover serum biomarkers in patients diagnosed with primary melanoma that identify those at a high risk of developing metastasis during the follow-up period. Proteomic and mass spectrophotometry analysis was performed on serum obtained from patients who developed metastasis during the first years after surgery for primary tumors and compared with that from patients who remained disease-free for more than 10 years after surgery. Five proteins were selected for validation as prognostic factors in 348 melanoma patients and 100 controls by ELISA: serum amyloid A and clusterin; immune system proteins; the cell adhesion molecules plakoglobin and vitronectin and the antimicrobial protein dermcidin. Compared to healthy controls, melanoma patients have high serum levels of these proteins at the moment of melanoma diagnosis, although the specific values were not related to the histopathological stage of the tumors. However, an analysis based on classification together with multivariate statistics showed that tumor stage, vitronectin and dermcidin levels were associated with the metastatic progression of patients with early-stage melanoma. Although melanoma patients have increased serum dermcidin levels, the REPTree classifier showed that levels of dermcidin <2.98 μg/ml predict metastasis in AJCC stage II patients. These data suggest that vitronectin and dermcidin are potent biomarkers of prognosis, which may help to improve the personalized medical care of melanoma patients and their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Ortega-Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Gardeazabal
- Department of Dermatology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Asier Erramuzpe
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Sanchez-Diez
- Department of Dermatology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús Cortés
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque: The Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - María D García-Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gorka Pérez-Yarza
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rosa Izu
- Department of Dermatology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jose Luís Díaz-Ramón
- Department of Dermatology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ildefonso M de la Fuente
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias De La Salud, Avenida Del Conocimiento S/N, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Aintzane Asumendi
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - María D Boyano
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza De Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
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Mangoni ML, McDermott AM, Zasloff M. Antimicrobial peptides and wound healing: biological and therapeutic considerations. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:167-73. [PMID: 26738772 PMCID: PMC4789108 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Repair of tissue wounds is a fundamental process to re-establish tissue integrity and regular function. Importantly, infection is a major factor that hinders wound healing. Multicellular organisms have evolved an arsenal of host-defense molecules, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), aimed at controlling microbial proliferation and at modulating the host's immune response to a variety of biological or physical insults. In this brief review, we provide the evidence for a role of AMPs as endogenous mediators of wound healing and their promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of non-life-threatening skin and other epithelial injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, IT
| | - Alison M. McDermott
- The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Zasloff
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
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50
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Cunningham TJ, Greenstein JI, Loewenstern J, Degermentzidis E, Yao L. Anti-inflammatory peptide regulates the supply of heat shock protein 70 monomers: implications for aging and age-related disease. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 18:136-44. [PMID: 25485461 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing the levels of toxic protein aggregates has become a focus of therapy for disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, as well as for the general deterioration of cells and tissues during aging. One approach has been an attempt to influence the production or activity of a class of reparative chaperones called heat shock proteins (HSPs), of which HSP70 is a promising candidate. Manipulation of HSP70 expression results in disposal of misfolded protein aggregates that accumulate in aging and disease models. Recently, HSP70 has been shown to bind specifically to an amino-terminal sequence of a human diffusible survival evasion peptide (DSEP), dermcidin. This sequence includes CHEC-9, an orally available anti-inflammatory and cell survival peptide. In the present study, we found that the CHEC-9 peptide also binds HSP70 in the cytosol of the cerebral cortex after oral delivery in normal rats. Western analysis of non-heat-denatured, unreduced samples suggested that peptide treatment increased the level of active HSP70 monomers from the pool of chaperone oligomers, a process that may be stimulated by potentiation of the chaperone's adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). In these samples, a small but consistent gel shift was observed for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a multifunctional protein whose aggregation is influenced by HSP70. CHEC-9 treatment of an in vitro model of α-synuclein aggregation also results in HSP70-dependent dissolution of these aggregates. HSP70 oligomer-monomer equilibrium and its potential to control protein aggregate disease warrant increased experimental attention, especially if a peptide fragment of an endogenous human protein can influence the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Cunningham
- 1 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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