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Sainsily-Cesarus A, Schmitt E, Landre L, Botzung A, Rauch L, Demuynck C, Philippi N, de Sousa PL, Mutter C, Cretin B, Martin-Hunyadi C, Blanc F. Dementia with Lewy bodies and gait neural basis: a cross-sectional study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:170. [PMID: 39080741 PMCID: PMC11287986 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is responsible for cognitive-behavioural disorders but also for gait disorders. The latter are thought to be related to parkinsonism, but the neural bases of these disorders are not well known, especially in the early stages. The aim of this study was to investigate by volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging the neuronal basis of gait disorders in DLB patients, compared to Healthy Elderly Controls and Alzheimer's Disease patients. METHODS Clinical examination with motor assessment including 10-meter walking speed, one-leg balance and Timed Up and Go test, a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation and 3D brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging were performed on 84 DLB patients, 39 Alzheimer's Disease patients and 22 Healthy Elderly Controls. We used Statistical Parametric Mapping 12 to perform a one-sample t-test to investigate the correlation between each gait score and gray matter volume (P ≤ 0.05 corrected for family-wise error). RESULTS We found a correlation for DLB patients between walking speed and gray matter decrease (P < 0.05, corrected for family-wise error) in caudate nuclei, anterior cingulate cortex, mid-cingulate cortex, hippocampi, supplementary motor area, right cerebellar cortex and left parietal operculum. We found no correlation with Timed Up and Go test and one-leg balance. CONCLUSION Gait disorders are underpinned by certain classical regions such as the cerebellum and the supplementary motor area. Our results suggest there may be a motivational and emotional component of voluntary gait in DLB subjects, underpinned by the cingulate cortex, a spatial orientation component, underpinned by hippocampi and suggest the involvement of brain processing speed and parkinsonism, underpinned by the caudate nuclei. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study protocol has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. (NCT01876459) on June 12, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Sainsily-Cesarus
- Geriatrics Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS, ICube laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Schmitt
- Geriatrics Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, EA-3072, France.
| | - Lionel Landre
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS, ICube laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Botzung
- Geriatrics Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
| | - Lucie Rauch
- Geriatrics Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Demuynck
- Geriatrics Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Philippi
- Geriatrics Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS, ICube laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paulo Loureiro de Sousa
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS, ICube laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Mutter
- University Hospital of Strasbourg, CIC INSERM 1434, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benjamin Cretin
- Geriatrics Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS, ICube laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Martin-Hunyadi
- Geriatrics Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS, ICube laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frederic Blanc
- Geriatrics Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, CM2R (Memory Resource and Research Centre), Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), team IMIS, ICube laboratory, Strasbourg, France
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2
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Zhang P, Zheng Z, Sun H, Gao T, Xiao X. A review of common influencing factors and possible mechanisms associated with allergic diseases complicating tic disorders in children. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1360420. [PMID: 38957776 PMCID: PMC11218626 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1360420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the incidence of childhood allergic diseases has increased globally, and their impact on the affected child extends beyond the allergy itself. There is evidence of an association between childhood allergic diseases and the development of neurological disorders. Several studies have shown a correlation between allergic diseases and tic disorders (TD), and allergic diseases may be an important risk factor for TD. Possible factors influencing the development of these disorders include neurotransmitter imbalance, maternal anxiety or depression, gut microbial disorders, sleep disturbances, maternal allergic status, exposure to tobacco, and environmental factors. Moreover, gut microbial disturbances, altered immunological profiles, and DNA methylation in patients with allergic diseases may be potential mechanisms contributing to the development of TD. An in-depth investigation of the relationship between allergic diseases and TD in children will be important for preventing and treating TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhang
- Department of Child Health, Dalian Municipal Women and Children’s Medical Center (Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhimin Zheng
- Department of Child Health, Dalian Municipal Women and Children’s Medical Center (Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Child Health, Dalian Municipal Women and Children’s Medical Center (Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tieying Gao
- Department of Child Health, Dalian Municipal Women and Children’s Medical Center (Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuwu Xiao
- Department of Child Health, Dalian Municipal Women and Children’s Medical Center (Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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3
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Premachandran K, Wilson Alphonse CR, Soundharapandiyan N. Nourishing the Cognition with Millets: A Comprehensive Review of Their Nutritional Impact and Potential as Cognitive Enhancers. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300450. [PMID: 37899300 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Cognition is the mental processes and abilities involved in acquiring, storing, retrieving and using it for decision making. Cognitive decline due to aging, lifestyle factor, chronic health conditions, genetic, and environmental factors are rising global concern and propose a potential threat to the cognitive health. The nutritional imbalance has led to increase in cognitive disorders around the world. Millets can be a nutritional intervention for promoting cognitive health and preventing cognitive decline. Millets has abundant phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidants to protect against oxidative stress-induced cognitive impairment. Millets exert neuroprotective effects by modulating pathways involved in neuronal-survival, synaptic-plasticity, and release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Millets demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties by regulating inflammatory-pathways and suppressing cytokines associated with cognitive impairment. Millets maintain healthy gut microbiota by producing metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, which influence brain function and cognition. However, further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and on optimizing the proportion do exploit its potential. Implementing millet-based dietary strategies through public health initiatives and educational programs can be a practical approach to support cognitive health across populations. Harnessing the potential of millets as a nutritional intervention offers a promising avenue for promoting cognitive health and improving the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlton Ranjith Wilson Alphonse
- Neuroscience Lab, Molecular and Nanomedicine Research Unit, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
| | - Nandhagopal Soundharapandiyan
- Neuroscience Lab, Molecular and Nanomedicine Research Unit, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
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4
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Belcher AM, Rorabaugh BR. Maternal use of methamphetamine alters cardiovascular function in the adult offspring. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:198-203. [PMID: 36763967 PMCID: PMC10563036 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine is one of the most commonly used illicit drugs during pregnancy. Most studies investigating the impact of maternal use of methamphetamine on children have focused on neurological outcomes. In contrast, cardiovascular outcomes in these children have not been characterized. Recent studies in rodents provide evidence that prenatal exposure to methamphetamine induces changes in cardiac gene expression, changes in the heart's susceptibility to ischemic injury, and changes in vascular function that may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disorders later in life. Importantly, these changes are sex-dependent. This review summarizes our current understanding of how methamphetamine use during pregnancy impacts the cardiovascular function of adult offspring and highlights gaps in our knowledge of the potential cardiovascular risks associated with prenatal exposure to methamphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Belcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Boyd R. Rorabaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntingotn, WV, USA
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5
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Jansone K, Eichler A, Fasching PA, Kornhuber J, Kaiser A, Millenet S, Banaschewski T, Nees F. Association of Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy with Neurophysiological and ADHD-Related Outcomes in School-Aged Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4716. [PMID: 36981624 PMCID: PMC10048892 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Data of a longitudinal cohort study were analyzed to investigate the association between prenatal tobacco exposure and electroencephalographical (EEG) power spectrum in healthy, school-aged children as well as its relationship with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related symptoms. Group comparisons (exposed, non-exposed) were performed to test whether prenatal tobacco exposure was associated with brain activity and ADHD symptoms, with adjustments made for covariates including child's sex, child's age, maternal age, maternal smoking habit before pregnancy, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, gestation age, and maternal psychopathology. Tobacco-exposed children showed higher brain activity in the delta and theta frequency bands. This effect was independent of the considered covariates. However, the effects on hyperactivity were found to significantly depend on maternal age and alcohol consumption during pregnancy, but not on the amount of exposure. In summary, smoking during pregnancy significantly affected the resting-state brain activity in children, independent of socio-demographic factors, indicating potential long-lasting effects on brain development. Its impact on ADHD-related behavior was shown to be influenced by socio-demographic confounding factors, such as maternal alcohol consumption and the age of the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Jansone
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anna Eichler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Kaiser
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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6
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Boots A, Wiegersma AM, Vali Y, van den Hof M, Langendam MW, Limpens J, Backhouse EV, Shenkin SD, Wardlaw JM, Roseboom TJ, de Rooij SR. Shaping the risk for late-life neurodegenerative disease: A systematic review on prenatal risk factors for Alzheimer's disease-related volumetric brain biomarkers. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 146:105019. [PMID: 36608918 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposures including toxins and nutrition may hamper the developing brain in utero, limiting the brain's reserve capacity and increasing the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize all currently available evidence for the association between prenatal exposures and AD-related volumetric brain biomarkers. We systematically searched MEDLINE and Embase for studies in humans reporting on associations between prenatal exposure(s) and AD-related volumetric brain biomarkers, including whole brain volume (WBV), hippocampal volume (HV) and/or temporal lobe volume (TLV) measured with structural magnetic resonance imaging (PROSPERO; CRD42020169317). Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. We identified 79 eligible studies (search date: August 30th, 2020; Ntotal=24,784; median age 10.7 years) reporting on WBV (N = 38), HV (N = 63) and/or TLV (N = 5) in exposure categories alcohol (N = 30), smoking (N = 7), illicit drugs (N = 14), mental health problems (N = 7), diet (N = 8), disease, treatment and physiology (N = 10), infections (N = 6) and environmental exposures (N = 3). Overall risk of bias was low. Prenatal exposure to alcohol, opioids, cocaine, nutrient shortage, placental dysfunction and maternal anemia was associated with smaller brain volumes. We conclude that the prenatal environment is important in shaping the risk for late-life neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boots
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Aging and later life, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - A M Wiegersma
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Aging and later life, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Y Vali
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Methodology, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M van den Hof
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M W Langendam
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Methodology, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Limpens
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Library, Meibergdreef 9, the Netherlands
| | - E V Backhouse
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S D Shenkin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Ageing and Health Research Group and Advanced Care Research Centre, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK
| | - J M Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at the University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - T J Roseboom
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Aging and later life, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S R de Rooij
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Aging and later life, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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7
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Kunkler C, Lewis AJ, Almeida R. Methamphetamine exposure during pregnancy: A meta-analysis of child developmental outcomes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 138:104714. [PMID: 35661684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines developmental outcomes for children prenatally exposed to methamphetamine through maternal use. PSYCHINFO, Scopus, PubMed and ERIC databases were systematically searched for studies up to December 2020. The search identified 38 articles examining cognitive, language, motor and neuroanatomical outcomes in children from birth to 16 years. Study quality was appraised using the Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Findings from neuroanatomical studies suggested that prenatal methamphetamine exposure may alter whole brain microstructure and reduce subcortical volumes across multiple brain regions. Meta-analysis of 14 studies using a random-effects model revealed associations between exposure and poorer intellectual functioning (Cohen's d = 0.89, 95 % CI: 0.47-1.30), problem solving skills (Cohen's d = 0.82, 95 % CI: 0.07 -1.56), short-term memory (Cohen's d = 0.91, 95 % CI: 0.38-1.43), and language development (Cohen's d = 0.74, 95 % CI: 0.30-1.18). These results emphasise the significant impact of intrauterine methamphetamine exposure across multiple areas of child development, noting that limited total sample size, heterogeneity between studies and control for confounds suggested further studies are required. There is a need for further intervention studies to identify effective prevention and harm minimisation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J Lewis
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Australia; Perinatal Mental Health Unit, Level 2, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 11 Robin Warren Drive, MURDOCH WA 6150.
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8
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Aghazadeh R, Roshan-Milani S, Drafshpour L, Saboory E. Effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure on spatial cognition and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in adolescent rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:471-485. [PMID: 35707884 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Global rise in methamphetamine (MA) abuse during pregnancy has placed a large number of children at risk for the adverse consequences of prenatal methamphetamine exposure (PME). While behavioral and neurocognitive deficits of PME have been extensively studied in humans and adult rodents, far less is known regarding the sex- and dose-dependent effects of PME as well as the underlying mechanisms. Adolescence in nonhuman primates is also a less explored territory. In the present study, PME was inducted by oral treatment to pregnant rats on gestational days 15-19 with either low-dose (0.1 mg/ml) or high-dose (0.6 mg/ml)) of MA. The cognitive effects of PME were then evaluated in two adolescence age-intervals: early adolescent (started on postnatal day (PND) 21) and mid adolescent (started on PND 33), among male and female rat offspring using Morris water maze (MWM) test. Alterations in hippocampal synaptic plasticity in Schaffer collaterals-CA1 pathway were also measured in vitro. Results of behavioral test showed that PME led to serious deficits of learning and memory abilities in both male and female rat offspring. PME also depressed LTP in most of the PME subgroups. Moreover, 21-day-old rats were more sensitive to PME-induced cognitive impairment in MWM tasks, but not in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, than 33-day-old rats. No sex-dependent effects of PME were found on the cognitive function and synaptic plasticity. These findings confirmed that PME impacted negatively on cognitive performance in prepubertal male and female rats, and the impairment of hippocampal synaptic functions might partly play a significant role in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Aghazadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shiva Roshan-Milani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leila Drafshpour
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saboory
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of addiction studies, School of medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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9
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Xu H, Tao Y, Zhu P, Li D, Zhang M, Bai G, Yin B. Restoration of aberrant shape of caudate sub-regions associated with cognitive function improvement in mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:348-357. [PMID: 35019763 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is an important but less recognized public health concern. Research shows that altered subcortical structures mediate cognitive impairment in patients with mTBI. This has been performed mostly using voxel-based morphometry methods and traditional volume measurement methods, which have certain limitations. In this study, we conducted a vertex-wise shape analysis to understand the aberrant patterns of caudate sub-regions and recovery from mTBI. The study involved 36 mTBI patients and 34 matched healthy controls (HCs) observed at seven-days (acute phase) and followed-up for one-month (subacute phase) post-injury. Different aberrant shapes of the caudate sub-regions were observed at acute phase, which revealed atrophy in the bilateral dorsal medial caudate, and increase in the size of the right ventral anterior caudate in mTBI patients related to HCs. Moreover, specific and significant shape restoration of right dorsal medial caudate in mTBI was observed at subacute phase, which significantly associated with the cognitive function improvement of the patients. These findings suggest that the restoration of the aberrant shape atrophy of right dorsal medial caudate plays a vital role in the improvement of cognitive function of mTBI patients, providing an alternative clinical target for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou, China.,McMaster University, 3710, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences,, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Yin Tao
- McMaster University, 3710, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences,, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Life Science and Technology, 529492, he Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Pingyi Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Department of Radiology, Wenzhou, China;
| | - Dandong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou, China;
| | - Ming Zhang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital Department of Medical Imaging, 535072, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Guanghui Bai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Department of Radiology, Wenzhou, China;
| | - Bo Yin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou, China;
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10
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Perez FA, Blythe S, Wouldes T, McNamara K, Black KI, Oei JL. Prenatal methamphetamine-impact on the mother and child-a review. Addiction 2022; 117:250-260. [PMID: 33830539 DOI: 10.1111/add.15509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is the second most commonly used illicit drug in the world, after cannabis. There are limited data on the outcomes of pregnant MA users but there is rapidly emerging evidence to suggest that they are more vulnerable, marginalized and impoverished compared with other drug-using mothers. MA use during pregnancy is associated with worse pregnancy outcomes and significantly higher rates of co-existing health and psychosocial problems. Newborn infants exposed to MA are at increased risk of perinatal complications, present differently at birth to infants exposed to other drugs of dependency such as opioids and have poorer neurological adaptation and feeding difficulties. Sparse literature from neuroimaging and cohort studies suggests that the neurocognitive deficits in MA exposed children persist, even into adulthood. Current clinical practice guidelines for the care of substance exposed pregnant women are opioid-centric with little attention paid to the consequences of prenatal MA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Anne Perez
- Department of Newborn Care, The Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Stacy Blythe
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University.,Ingham Institute, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Trecia Wouldes
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kelly McNamara
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sidney, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New SouthWales, Sidney, Australia
| | - Kirsten I Black
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sidney, Australia
| | - Ju Lee Oei
- Department of Newborn Care, The Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
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Sanjari Moghaddam H, Mobarak Abadi M, Dolatshahi M, Bayani Ershadi S, Abbasi-Feijani F, Rezaei S, Cattarinussi G, Aarabi MH. Effects of Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure on the Developing Human Brain: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2729-2748. [PMID: 34297546 PMCID: PMC8763371 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
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Methamphetamine
(MA) can cross the placenta in pregnant women and
cause placental abruption and developmental alterations in offspring.
Previous studies have found prenatal MA exposure effects on the social
and cognitive performance of children. Recent studies reported some
alterations in structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) of prenatal MA-exposed offspring. In this study, we aimed to
investigate the effect of prenatal MA exposure on brain development
using recently published structural, metabolic, and functional MRI
studies. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic
Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched PubMed
and SCOPUS databases for articles that used each brain imaging modality
in prenatal MA-exposed children. Seventeen studies were included in
this study. We investigated brain imaging alterations using 17 articles
with four different modalities, including structural MRI, diffusion
tensor imaging (DTI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and functional
MRI (fMRI). The participants’ age range was from infancy to
15 years. Our findings demonstrated that prenatal MA exposure is associated
with macrostructural, microstructural, metabolic, and functional deficits
in both cortical and subcortical areas. However, the most affected
regions were the striatum, frontal lobe, thalamus and the limbic system,
and white matter (WM) fibers connecting these regions. The findings
from our study might have valuable implications for targeted treatment
of neurocognitive and behavioral deficits in children with prenatal
MA exposure. Even so, our results should be interpreted cautiously
due to the heterogeneity of the included studies in terms of study
populations and methods of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Sahar Rezaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giulia Cattarinussi
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mohammad Hadi Aarabi
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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12
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Khan B, Sharif A, Qayyum Z. Neuropsychiatric Effects of In-Utero Substance Exposure. Psychiatr Ann 2021. [DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20210610-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Harst L, Deckert S, Haarig F, Reichert J, Dinger J, Hellmund P, Schmitt J, Rüdiger M. Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure: Effects on Child Development. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 118:313-319. [PMID: 34140080 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Germany, the 12-month prevalence of methamphetamine use among persons aged 15 to 34 is 1.9%. An increasing number of newborns are being born after a prenatal methamphetamine exposure (PME). In 2014, in the German state of Saxony, approximately four out of 1000 newborns were affected. METHODS This systematic review (Prospero registration number CRD42017060536) includes publications that were published between January 1990 and November 2019. The purpose was to determine the effects of PME on the peri- and neonatal condition of the affected children and on their further long-term development. Observational studies with a control group were included in the review and examined for their methodological quality. RESULTS 31 publications, which dealt with two prospective and six retrospective cohort studies, were included in the review. The studies involved a total of 4446 mother-child pairs with PME, compared with 43 778 pairs without PME. A metaanalysis revealed that PME was associated with, among other findings, lower birth weight (SMD = -0.348; 95% confidence interval [-0.777; 0.081]), shorter body length (SMD= -0.198 [-0.348; -0.047]), and smaller head circumference (SMD= -0.479 [-1.047; 0.089]). Some differences between the groups with and without PME persist into the toddler years. Moreover, children with PME much more commonly display psychological and neurocognitive abnormalities, which are more severe in children growing up in problematic surroundings (discord, violence, poverty, low educational level of the parent or caregiver). A limitation of this review is that not all studies employed an objective or quantitative measure of methamphet - amine use. CONCLUSION The documented effects of PME on child development necessitate early treatment of the affected expectant mothers, children, and families. Emphasis should be placed on structured and interdisciplinary preventive measures for methamphetamine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Harst
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Center for Feto-Neonatal Health, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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14
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Zhang Y, Gong F, Liu P, He Y, Wang H. Effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure on birth outcomes, brain structure, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Dev Neurosci 2021; 43:271-280. [PMID: 34139695 DOI: 10.1159/000517753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Youyou Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuhua Gong
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya He
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Fitzpatrick RE, Robinson AH, Rubenis AJ, Lubman DI, Verdejo-Garcia A. Lack of longitudinal changes in cognition in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder during the first 6 weeks after commencing treatment. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2021; 47:383-392. [PMID: 33524275 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2020.1869243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) associates with cognitive impulsivity deficits. However, few studies have examined longitudinal changes in cognition, and it remains unclear if deficits resolve during early recovery.Objectives: To compare: (1) cognitive function of individuals with MUD at treatment onset and six-weeks later with controls tested over the same period; (2) cognitive changes in MUD-individuals who remained abstinent versus relapsed.Method: We recruited 108 participants meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for methamphetamine dependence (81 males) and 50 demographically matched controls (38 males); 77 methamphetamine- dependent participants (59 males) and 48 controls (36 males) were retained at follow-up. We administered response inhibition, delay discounting and uncertainty-based decision-making tests at both endpoints. Relapse was defined as methamphetamine concentrations >0.4 ng/mg at follow-up in hair toxicology.Results: We found a significant time-by-group interaction on uncertainty-based decision-making (effect size: η2 = .05), although post-hoc tests to disentangle this interaction yielded inconclusive results (p-range = .14-.40; BF10-range = 0.43-1.67). There were no significant time-by-group interactions on response inhibition or delay discounting, with the former likely a null effect (η2-interaction = .003 and .02; BFincl = 0.23 and 0.71). There were no significant differences in cognitive recovery between individuals who maintained abstinence (n = 12) versus relapsed (n = 65) (η2-range = .003-.04), although evidence was inconclusive toward whether findings reflected true null effects (BFincl-range = 0.33-0.75).Conclusion: We did not find evidence that MUD-related cognitive impulsivity deficits improve beyond practice effects over 6 weeks. Findings do not support previous, albeit conflicting, evidence of early recovery of cognitive deficits in MUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Fitzpatrick
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Alex H Robinson
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Adam J Rubenis
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Turning Point, Eastern Health, Monash University, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Monash University, Fitzroy, Australia.,Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Turning Point, Eastern Health, Monash University, Fitzroy, Australia
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Fitzpatrick RE, Rubenis AJ, Lubman DI, Verdejo-Garcia A. Cognitive deficits in methamphetamine addiction: Independent contributions of dependence and intelligence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 209:107891. [PMID: 32061948 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine's effects on brain function have been associated with cognitive deficits, which have a negative impact on clinical outcomes. However, it remains unclear if cognitive deficits relate to methamphetamine dependence (potentially amenable to abstinence and retraining) or background characteristics, mental health and other drug use. We tested the association between methamphetamine dependence and cognitive performance, while factoring in the impact of background characteristics, depressive symptoms and tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use. METHOD The sample comprised 108 treatment-seeking participants who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV TR) criteria for methamphetamine dependence and 50 socio-demographically matched controls. We administered a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery (delay discounting, decision making, disinhibition, episodic and working memory) and examined cognitive deficits in methamphetamine users after taking into account socio-demographic characteristics, tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that methamphetamine dependence was associated with poorer performance in decision-making and disinhibition over and above other predictors, while IQ better explained performance in episodic and working memory. Although duration of methamphetamine use was linked to disinhibition, other patterns of methamphetamine use (including dose and frequency) were not consistently related to performance. CONCLUSIONS Methamphetamine dependence impacts inhibitory control and decision-making, whereas lower IQ associates with memory/working memory deficits among methamphetamine users. Findings suggest the need to target disinhibition and impulsive decision-making as part of methamphetamine dependence treatment, while buffering the impact of IQ on memory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Fitzpatrick
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Adam J Rubenis
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health Australia.
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Willoughby M, Hong Y, Hudson K, Wylie A. Between- and within-person contributions of simple reaction time to executive function skills in early childhood. J Exp Child Psychol 2020; 192:104779. [PMID: 31952815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2019.104779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study tested whether the bivariate association between simple reaction time (SRT) and executive function (EF) performance that has been observed in early childhood represented a between- and/or within-person association. Up to three repeated assessments (i.e., fall, winter, and spring assessments from September to May) were available for 282 preschool-aged children (Mage = 4.2 years; 54% female) who participated in the Kids Activity and Learning Study. A series of three-level hierarchical linear models (repeated measures nested in child; child nested in classroom) was used to disaggregate the observed variation in EF and SRT into between-classroom, between-person, and within-person components. EF composite scores were regressed on two indicators of SRT, which reflected between- and within-child sources of variation, along with demographic covariates (child age, gender, and parental education). Both between-person (b = -21.2, p < 0.001) and within-person (b = -13.2, p < 0.001) sources of SRT variation were uniquely related to EF performance. These results are discussed with respect to interest in using SRT as a proxy for foundational cognitive processes that contribute to EF task performance in early childhood, including the appropriateness of using SRT to refine EF task scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Willoughby
- Education & Workforce Development, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Yihua Hong
- Education & Workforce Development, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Kesha Hudson
- Education & Workforce Development, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Amanda Wylie
- Education & Workforce Development, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Botzung A, Philippi N, Noblet V, Loureiro de Sousa P, Blanc F. Pay attention to the basal ganglia: a volumetric study in early dementia with Lewy bodies. Alzheimers Res Ther 2019; 11:108. [PMID: 31864422 PMCID: PMC6925479 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical and subcortical cognitive impairments are usually found in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Roughly, they comprise visuo-constructive/executive function and attention/processing speed impairments, whereas memory would remain relatively spared. In this study, we focused on the neuro-anatomical substrates of attention and processing speed, which is still poorly understood. For the purpose of the study, we examined the correlations between behavioral scores measuring the speed of processing and the degree of cerebral atrophy in patients with prodromal to moderate DLB. METHODS Ninety-three prodromal to moderate DLB patients (mean MMSE = 25.5) were selected to participate in the study as well as 28 healthy elderly subjects (mean MMSE = 28.9), matched in terms of age and educational level. The Trail Making Test A (TMTA) and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) were used to assess attention and processing speed. Behavioral performances were compared between patients and healthy control subjects. Three-dimensional MRI images were acquired for all participants, and correlational analyses were performed in the patient group using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). RESULTS The behavioral results on both the TMTA (p = .026) and the DSST (p < .001) showed significantly impaired performances in patients in comparison with control subjects. In addition, correlational analyses using VBM revealed for the TMTA negative correlations in the caudate nucleus (left cluster peak significant at .05 FWE corrected), the putamen, the left thalamus, and the subthalamic nuclei (p < .05 FDR corrected). Some positive correlations associated with the DSST were found in the right inferior frontal gyrus, the left thalamus, and the left cerebellum (p < .001 uncorrected). CONCLUSIONS The behavioral results are in line with the literature on the DLB cognitive profile and confirm the existence of attention and processing speed impairment. Interestingly, VBM analysis revealed the involvement of the basal ganglia, in particular, the left caudate nucleus, which is part of the attention cerebral network, suggesting an important role of this structure for attentional processing speed. This also suggests the clinical implication of damage in this region relatively early in the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Botzung
- Geriatrics and Neurology Departments, Research and Resources Memory Center (CM2R), Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nathalie Philippi
- Geriatrics and Neurology Departments, Research and Resources Memory Center (CM2R), Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
- ICube laboratory (CNRS, UMR 7357) and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Noblet
- ICube laboratory (CNRS, UMR 7357) and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paulo Loureiro de Sousa
- ICube laboratory (CNRS, UMR 7357) and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- Geriatrics and Neurology Departments, Research and Resources Memory Center (CM2R), Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
- ICube laboratory (CNRS, UMR 7357) and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Salminen LE, Wilcox RR, Zhu AH, Riedel BC, Ching CRK, Rashid F, Thomopoulos SI, Saremi A, Harrison MB, Ragothaman A, Knight V, Boyle CP, Medland SE, Thompson PM, Jahanshad N. Altered Cortical Brain Structure and Increased Risk for Disease Seen Decades After Perinatal Exposure to Maternal Smoking: A Study of 9000 Adults in the UK Biobank. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:5217-5233. [PMID: 31271414 PMCID: PMC6918926 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondhand smoke exposure is a major public health risk that is especially harmful to the developing brain, but it is unclear if early exposure affects brain structure during middle age and older adulthood. Here we analyzed brain MRI data from the UK Biobank in a population-based sample of individuals (ages 44-80) who were exposed (n = 2510) or unexposed (n = 6079) to smoking around birth. We used robust statistical models, including quantile regressions, to test the effect of perinatal smoke exposure (PSE) on cortical surface area (SA), thickness, and subcortical volumes. We hypothesized that PSE would be associated with cortical disruption in primary sensory areas compared to unexposed (PSE-) adults. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, SA was significantly lower in the pericalcarine (PCAL), inferior parietal (IPL), and regions of the temporal and frontal cortex of PSE+ adults; these abnormalities were associated with increased risk for several diseases, including circulatory and endocrine conditions. Sensitivity analyses conducted in a hold-out group of healthy participants (exposed, n = 109, unexposed, n = 315) replicated the effect of PSE on SA in the PCAL and IPL. Collectively our results show a negative, long term effect of PSE on sensory cortices that may increase risk for disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Salminen
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Rand R Wilcox
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa H Zhu
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Brandalyn C Riedel
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Faisal Rashid
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Arvin Saremi
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Marc B Harrison
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Anjanibhargavi Ragothaman
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Victoria Knight
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Christina P Boyle
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
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Subcortical shape and neuropsychological function among U.S. service members with mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 13:377-388. [PMID: 29564659 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In a recent manuscript, our group demonstrated shape differences in the thalamus, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala in a cohort of U.S. Service Members with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Given the significant role these structures play in cognitive function, this study directly examined the relationship between shape metrics and neuropsychological performance. The imaging and neuropsychological data from 135 post-deployed United States Service Members from two groups (mTBI and orthopedic injured) were examined. Two shape features modeling local deformations in thickness (RD) and surface area (JD) were defined vertex-wise on parametric mesh-representations of 7 bilateral subcortical gray matter structures. Linear regression was used to model associations between subcortical morphometry and neuropsychological performance as a function of either TBI status or, among TBI patients, subjective reporting of initial concussion severity (CS). Results demonstrated several significant group-by-cognition relationships with shape metrics across multiple cognitive domains including processing speed, memory, and executive function. Higher processing speed was robustly associated with more dilation of caudate surface area among patients with mTBI who reported more than one CS variables (loss of consciousness (LOC), alteration of consciousness (AOC), and/or post-traumatic amnesia (PTA)). These significant patterns indicate the importance of subcortical structures in cognitive performance and support a growing functional neuroanatomical literature in TBI and other neurologic disorders. However, prospective research will be required before exact directional evolution and progression of shape can be understood and utilized in predicting or tracking cognitive outcomes in this patient population.
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Zoubková H, Tomášková A, Nohejlová K, Černá M, Šlamberová R. Prenatal Exposure to Methamphetamine: Up-Regulation of Brain Receptor Genes. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:771. [PMID: 31417344 PMCID: PMC6686742 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a widespread illicit drug. If it is taken by pregnant women, it passes through the placenta and just as it affects the mother, it can impair the development of the offspring. The aim of our study was to identify candidates to investigate for changes in the gene expression in the specific regions of the brain associated with addiction to METH in rats. We examined the various areas of the central nervous system (striatum, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex) for signs of impairment in postnatal day 80 in experimental rats, whose mothers had been administered METH (5 mg/kg/day) during the entire gestation period. Changes in the gene expression at the mRNA level were determined by two techniques, microarray and real-time PCR. Results of two microarray trials were evaluated by LIMMA analysis. The first microarray trial detected either up-regulated or down-regulated expression of 2189 genes in the striatum; the second microarray trial detected either up-regulated or down-regulated expression of 1344 genes in the hippocampus of prenatally METH-exposed rats. We examined the expression of 10 genes using the real-time PCR technique. Differences in the gene expression were counted by the Mann–Whitney U-test. Significant changes were observed in the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript prepropeptide, tachykinin receptor 3, dopamine receptor D3 gene expression in the striatum regions, in the glucocorticoid nuclear receptor Nr3c1 gene expression in the prefrontal cortex and in the carboxylesterase 2 gene expression in the hippocampus of prenatally METH-exposed rats. The microarray technique also detected up-regulated expression of trace amine-associated receptor 7 h gene in the hippocampus of prenatally METH-exposed rats. We have identified susceptible genes; candidates for the study of an impairment related to methamphetamine addiction in the specific regions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Zoubková
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anežka Tomášková
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kateryna Nohejlová
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marie Černá
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Romana Šlamberová
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Jablonski SA, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. Learning and Memory Effects of Neonatal Methamphetamine Exposure in Sprague-Dawley Rats: Test of the Role of Dopamine Receptors D1 in Mediating the Long-Term Effects. Dev Neurosci 2019; 41:44-55. [PMID: 31212274 DOI: 10.1159/000498884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) abuse is a worldwide issue that produces health and cognitive effects in the user. MA is abused by some women who then become pregnant and expose their developing child to the drug. Preclinical rodent models demonstrate cognitive deficits following developmental MA exposure, an effect observed in children exposed to MA in utero. To determine if the dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) is involved in the learning and memory deficits following MA exposure, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated 4 times daily at 2 h intervals with 0 (saline) or 10 mg/kg of MA from postnatal day (P)6-15, 30 min after 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg SCH23390. Cincinnati water maze testing began on P30, and the high dose of SCH23390 blocked the learning deficits induced by MA with no effect from the lower doses. Morris water maze (MWM) learning deficits following MA were not protected by SCH23390, although there was a non-dose dependent effect in the acquisition phase. Locomotor deficits induced by MA were reversed by all doses of SCH23390. There were no effects of MA on criterion to trial passive avoidance. Taken together, these data show that behaviors that are dependent on the striatum are better protected with the DRD1 antagonist during MA treatment than the hippocampally mediated spatial learning in the MWM. This suggests that multiple mechanisms exist for the deficits induced by neonatal MA administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Jablonski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael T Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA,
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Holz NE, Zohsel K, Laucht M, Banaschewski T, Hohmann S, Brandeis D. Gene x environment interactions in conduct disorder: Implications for future treatments. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 91:239-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Pharmacological Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder During Pregnancy and Lactation. Pharm Res 2018; 35:46. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gray matter volume showed dynamic alterations in methamphetamine users at 6 and 12months abstinence: A longitudinal voxel-based morphometry study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:350-355. [PMID: 28887180 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated brain gray matter reduction in methamphetamine (MA) users; however, little is known about longitudinal brain structural alternations during abstinence. METHOD Brain volumes were compared among 30 MA-dependent patients (average 6.3years of drug use) at 6months' abstinence and 27 drug-naïve controls by voxel-based morphometry. A longitudinal analysis of MA subjects was performed from 6 to 12months' abstinence, and multiple regression analyses were performed between drug use patterns and gray matter volumes (GMV) at 6months' abstinence. RESULTS Compared with drug-naïve subjects, subjects with 6months' abstinent of MA showed significantly lower GMV in the precentral gyrus, caudate head, fusiform gyrus, and cerebellum. Compared to 6months' abstinence, GMV was greater in the cerebellum and lower in the cingulate gyrus at 12months' abstinence. Accumulated years of MA use negatively correlated with GMV in the right superior frontal gyrus, the right superior temporal cortex, and the right caudate nucleus (significant at the whole brain level, p<0.001; FWE cluster-corrected p<0.05). CONCLUSION The present study suggested that heavy MA users' GMV could show dynamic alterations in different brain regions at different time lengths of abstinence.
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Cognitive outcomes in prenatal methamphetamine exposed children aged six to seven years. Compr Psychiatry 2018; 80:24-33. [PMID: 28950153 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine use among pregnant women has become a significant problem. Research delineating the cognitive outcomes of prenatal methamphetamine exposure (PME) in early childhood is limited, however. The aim of this study was to examine effects of PME on cognition in six-to-seven-year-old children. METHODS PME children (n=23) and unexposed controls (n=22) completed a battery of neurocognitive tests, which included the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Boston Naming Test, Beery Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration, and Grooved Pegboard Test. RESULTS Independent samples t-tests revealed that PME children scored significantly worse than controls on the measures of IQ, learning and memory, confrontation naming, visual-motor integration, and fine motor coordination. Hierarchical regression analyses that included potential confounding sociodemographic, co-exposure and anthropometric variables confirmed that PME impacts negatively on cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms that PME has deleterious effects on cognition in several broad cognitive domains, likely by altering underlying brain circuitry in development. These effects may be particularly pronounced at the time when children enter formal schooling. Extended follow-ups into late childhood might help elucidate the developmental trajectory of cognitive dysfunction in PME, and subsequent effects on everyday functioning.
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Braimoh TS, Kobayashi S, Sata F, Sasaki S, Goudarzi H, Yila TA, Araki A, Miyashita C, Minakami H, Baba T, Sengoku K, Kishi R. Association of prenatal passive smoking and metabolic gene polymorphisms with child growth from birth to 3years of age in the Hokkaido Birth Cohort Study on Environment and Children's Health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:995-1002. [PMID: 28693112 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the effects of prenatal passive smoking on birth weight have been reported, the effects of metabolic gene polymorphisms on passive smoking have not been studied. Therefore, we investigated the effects of maternal passive smoking and metabolic gene polymorphisms on child growth up to 3years of age using cotinine as a biomarker. We included 1356 Japanese participants in a prospective cohort between 2003 and 2007 (cotinine levels at the third trimester≤0.21ng/mL and 0.22 to 11.48ng/mL for non-passive and passive smokers, respectively), and measured child outcomes such as weight, length, head circumference, and Kaup index. Additionally, we analyzed cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), epoxide hydrolase 1 (EPHX1), and two N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotypes using real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. Associations were investigated using multiple regression models. Kaup index gain from birth up to 3years of age was significantly smaller in children born to passive smokers than in those born to non-passive smokers (-0.34kg/m2; 95% confidence interval: -0.67, -0.01). Maternal CYP1A1 genotype was not associated with prenatal passive smoking and Kaup index gain, but was significantly associated with prenatal passive smoking and head circumference gain from birth up to 3years of age (-0.75cm; 95% confidence interval: -1.39, -0.12). Thus, this study suggests that prenatal passive smoking may have potent effects on postnatal growth from birth up to 3years of age. Moreover, children with maternal CYP1A1 genotype may be more susceptible to the effects of prenatal passive smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilola Serifat Braimoh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0838, Japan; Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0838, Japan; Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sata
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Health Center, Chuo University, 42-8, Ichigaya-Hommura-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8473, Japan
| | - Seiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0838, Japan
| | - Houman Goudarzi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0838, Japan
| | - Thamar Ayo Yila
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hisanori Minakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0838, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sengoku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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Prenatal methamphetamine exposure is associated with reduced subcortical volumes in neonates. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2017; 65:51-59. [PMID: 29069607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prenatal exposure to methamphetamine is associated with a range of neuropsychological, behavioural and cognitive deficits. A small number of imaging studies suggests that these may be mediated by neurostructural changes, including reduced volumes of specific brain regions. This study investigated potential volumetric changes in the brains of neonates with prenatal methamphetamine exposure. To our knowledge no previous studies have examined methamphetamine effects on regional brain volumes at this age. STUDY DESIGN Mothers were recruited antenatally and interviewed regarding methamphetamine use during pregnancy. Mothers in the exposure group reported using methamphetamine≥twice/month during pregnancy; control infants had no exposure to methamphetamine or other drugs and minimal exposure to alcohol. MRI scans were performed in the first postnatal month, following which anatomical images were processed using FreeSurfer. Subcortical and cerebellar regions were manually segmented and their volumes determined using FreeView. Pearson correlations were used to analyse potential associations between methamphetamine exposure and regional volumes. The associations between methamphetamine exposure and regional volumes were then examined adjusting for potential confounding variables. RESULTS Methamphetamine exposure was associated with reduced left and right caudate and thalamus volumes. The association in the right caudate remained significant following adjustment for potential confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showing reduced caudate and thalamus volumes in neonates with prenatal methamphetamine exposure are consistent with previous findings in older exposed children, and demonstrate that these changes are already detectable in neonates. Continuing research is warranted to examine whether reduced subcortical volumes are predictive of cognitive, behavioural and affective impairment in older children.
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Wells PG, Bhatia S, Drake DM, Miller-Pinsler L. Fetal oxidative stress mechanisms of neurodevelopmental deficits and exacerbation by ethanol and methamphetamine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 108:108-30. [PMID: 27345013 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In utero exposure of mouse progeny to alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) and methamphetamine (METH) causes substantial postnatal neurodevelopmental deficits. One emerging pathogenic mechanism underlying these deficits involves fetal brain production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that alter signal transduction, and/or oxidatively damage cellular macromolecules like lipids, proteins, and DNA, the latter leading to altered gene expression, likely via non-mutagenic mechanisms. Even physiological levels of fetal ROS production can be pathogenic in biochemically predisposed progeny, and ROS formation can be enhanced by drugs like EtOH and METH, via activation/induction of ROS-producing NADPH oxidases (NOX), drug bioactivation to free radical intermediates by prostaglandin H synthases (PHS), and other mechanisms. Antioxidative enzymes, like catalase in the fetal brain, while low, provide critical protection. Oxidatively damaged DNA is normally rapidly repaired, and fetal deficiencies in several DNA repair proteins, including oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) and breast cancer protein 1 (BRCA1), enhance the risk of drug-initiated postnatal neurodevelopmental deficits, and in some cases deficits in untreated progeny, the latter of which may be relevant to conditions like autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Risk is further regulated by fetal nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a ROS-sensing protein that upregulates an array of proteins, including antioxidative enzymes and DNA repair proteins. Imbalances between conceptal pathways for ROS formation, versus those for ROS detoxification and DNA repair, are important determinants of risk. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 108:108-130, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shama Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Danielle M Drake
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lutfiya Miller-Pinsler
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Jablonski SA, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. Learning and memory effects of neonatal methamphetamine exposure in rats: Role of reactive oxygen species and age at assessment. Synapse 2017; 71. [PMID: 28686793 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In utero methamphetamine (MA) exposure leads to a range of adverse effects, such as decreased attention, reduced working-memory capability, behavioral dysregulation, and spatial memory impairments in exposed children. In the current experiment, preweaning Sprague-Dawley rats-as a model of third trimester human exposure-were administered the spin trapping agent, N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN), daily prior to MA. Rats were given 0 (SAL) or 40 mg/kg PBN prior to each MA dose (10 mg/kg, 4× per day) from postnatal day (P) 6-15. Littermates underwent Cincinnati water maze, Morris water maze, and radial water maze assessment beginning on P30 (males) or P60 (females). Males were also tested for conditioned contextual and cued freezing, while females were trained in passive avoidance. Findings show that, regardless of age/sex, neonatal MA induced deficits in all tests, except passive avoidance. PBN did not ameliorate these effects, but had a few minor effects. Taken together, MA induced learning deficits emerge early and persist, but the mechanism remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Jablonski
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229
| | - Michael T Williams
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229
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Sirnes E, Elgen IB, Chong WK, Griffiths ST, Aukland SM. Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children With Prenatal Drug Exposure. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2017; 56:326-332. [PMID: 27356632 DOI: 10.1177/0009922816657154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of children with prenatal drug exposure in a clinical context. A hospital-based cohort of 10- to 14-year-old children, prenatally exposed to alcohol, opioids, and polysubstances, and a group of sex- and age-matched controls were examined with cerebral MRI. Scans obtained from 34 exposed children and 40 controls were scored based on the presence and degree of pathology by an experienced pediatric neuroradiologist blinded to the participants' background. Overall visual detectable MRI pathology was found in 35% of the exposed children and 33% of the controls (odds ratio = 1.08; 95% confidence interval = 0.36-3.25). No specific imaging pattern following prenatal drug exposure was seen by the means of simple visual analysis of cerebral MRI scans. Although cerebral MRI is feasible, it is probably of limited value in the clinical assessment of children with prenatal drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Sirnes
- 1 Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,2 University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Irene B Elgen
- 1 Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,2 University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - W K Chong
- 3 Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | | | - Stein Magnus Aukland
- 1 Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,2 University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Wiggs K, Elmore AL, Nigg JT, Nikolas MA. Pre- and Perinatal Risk for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Does Neuropsychological Weakness Explain the Link? JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 44:1473-1485. [PMID: 26961824 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-016-0142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Etiological investigations of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behavior problems support multiple causal pathways, including involvement of pre- and perinatal risk factors. Because these risks occur early in life, well before observable ADHD and externalizing symptoms emerge, the relation between risk and symptoms may be mediated by neurodevelopmental effects that manifest later in neuropsychological functioning. However, potential dissociable effects of pre/perinatal risk elements on ADHD and familial confounds must also be considered to test alternative hypotheses. 498 youth aged 6-17 years (55.0 % male) completed a multi-stage, multi-informant assessment including parent and teacher symptom reports of symptoms and parent ratings of pre/perinatal health risk indicators. Youth completed a neuropsychological testing battery. Multiple mediation models examined direct effects of pre- and perinatal health risk on ADHD and other disruptive behavior disorder symptoms and indirect effects via neuropsychological functioning. Parental ADHD symptoms and externalizing status was covaried to control for potential familial effects. Effects of prenatal substance exposure on inattention were mediated by memory span and temporal processing deficits. Further, effects of perinatal health risk on inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and ODD were mediated by deficits in response variability and temporal processing. Further, maternal health risks during pregnancy appeared to exert direct rather than indirect effects on outcomes. Results suggest that after controlling for familial relatedness of ADHD between parent and child, early developmental health risks may influence ADHD via effects on neuropsychological processes underpinning the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Wiggs
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 11 Seashore Hall E., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Alexis L Elmore
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 11 Seashore Hall E., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
| | - Molly A Nikolas
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 11 Seashore Hall E., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Brain morphology in school-aged children with prenatal opioid exposure: A structural MRI study. Early Hum Dev 2017; 106-107:33-39. [PMID: 28187337 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both animal and human studies have suggested that prenatal opioid exposure may be detrimental to the developing fetal brain. However, results are somewhat conflicting. Structural brain changes in children with prenatal opioid exposure have been reported in a few studies, and such changes may contribute to neuropsychological impairments observed in exposed children. AIM To investigate the association between prenatal opioid exposure and brain morphology in school-aged children. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of prenatally opioid-exposed children and matched controls. SUBJECTS A hospital-based sample (n=16) of children aged 10-14years with prenatal exposure to opioids and 1:1 sex- and age-matched unexposed controls. OUTCOME MEASURES Automated brain volume measures obtained from T1-weighted MRI scans using FreeSurfer. RESULTS Volumes of the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellar white matter were reduced in the opioid-exposed group, whereas there were no statistically significant differences in global brain measures (total brain, cerebral cortex, and cerebral white matter volumes). CONCLUSIONS In line with the limited findings reported in the literature to date, our study showed an association between prenatal opioid exposure and reduced regional brain volumes. Adverse effects of opioids on the developing fetal brain may explain this association. However, further research is needed to explore the causal nature and functional consequences of these findings.
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Browne HA, Modabbernia A, Buxbaum JD, Hansen SN, Schendel DE, Parner ET, Reichenberg A, Grice DE. Prenatal Maternal Smoking and Increased Risk for Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 55:784-91. [PMID: 27566119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the role of prenatal maternal smoking in risk for Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder (TS/CT) and pediatric-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD In an analysis of 73,073 singleton pregnancies from the Danish National Birth Cohort, we calculated incidence rates (IR) per 1,000 person-year for TS/CT and OCD. We then determined crude and adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs associated with prenatal maternal smoking, considering smoking as a dichotomous (yes/no) variable or a stratified variable (no smoking, light smoking, and heavy smoking [≥10 cigarettes/day]). Additional analyses examined the effect of maternal smoking on risk for TS/CT with other comorbid psychiatric conditions. RESULTS In final adjusted analyses, heavy smoking was associated with a 66% increased risk for TS/CT (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.17-2.35). In addition, heavy smoking was associated with a 2-fold increased risk for TS/CT with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and both light and heavy smoking were associated with a more than 2-fold increased risk for TS/CT with any non-ADHD psychiatric comorbidity. Our parallel analyses of pediatric-onset OCD were likely underpowered but showed similar relationships. CONCLUSION Prenatal maternal smoking was associated with increased risk for TS/CT as well as TS/CT with comorbid psychiatric conditions, even after adjustment for several important variables, including maternal psychiatric history, socioeconomic status, and partner smoking. Our findings point to a pathway linking prenatal tobacco exposure and altered brain development to TS/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Browne
- Division of Tics, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Related Disorders, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | | | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Friedman Brain Institute and Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | | | - Diana E Schendel
- Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Denmark; National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University
| | | | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Seaver Autism Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Friedman Brain Institute and Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Dorothy E Grice
- Division of Tics, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Related Disorders, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; Friedman Brain Institute and Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
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Lacy RT, Brown RW, Morgan AJ, Mactutus CF, Harrod SB. Intravenous Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Alters METH-Induced Hyperactivity, Conditioned Hyperactivity, and BDNF in Adult Rat Offspring. Dev Neurosci 2016; 38:171-185. [PMID: 27287203 DOI: 10.1159/000446563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the USA, approximately 15% of women smoke tobacco cigarettes during pregnancy. In utero tobacco smoke exposure produces somatic growth deficits like intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight in offspring, but it can also negatively influence neurodevelopmental outcomes in later stages of life, such as an increased incidence of obesity and drug abuse. Animal models demonstrate that prenatal nicotine (PN) alters the development of the mesocorticolimbic system, which is important for organizing goal-directed behavior. In the present study, we determined whether intravenous (IV) PN altered the initiation and/or expression of methamphetamine (METH)-induced locomotor sensitization as a measure of mesocorticolimbic function in adult rat offspring. We also determined whether PN and/or METH exposure altered protein levels of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) in the nucleus accumbens, the dorsal striatum, and the prefrontal cortex of adult offspring. BDNF was of interest because of its role in the development and maintenance of the mesocorticolimbic pathway and its ability to modulate neural processes that contribute to drug abuse, such as sensitization of the dopamine system. Dams were injected with IV nicotine (0.05 mg/kg/injection) or saline, 3×/day on gestational days 8-21. Testing was conducted when offspring reached adulthood (around postnatal day 90). Following 3 once daily habituation sessions the animals received a saline injection and baseline locomotor activity was measured. PN and prenatal saline (PS)-exposed offspring then received 10 once daily injections of METH (0.3 mg/kg) to induce locomotor sensitization. The animals received a METH injection (0.3 mg/kg) to assess the expression of sensitization following a 14-day period of no injections. A day later, all animals were injected with saline and conditioned hyperactivity was assessed. Brain tissue was harvested 24 h later. PN animals habituated more slowly to the activity chambers compared to PS controls. PN rats treated with METH showed significant enhancement of locomotor behavior compared to PS rats following acute and repeated injections; however, PN did not produce differential initiation or expression of behavioral sensitization. METH produced conditioned hyperactivity, and PN rats exhibited a greater conditioned response of hyperactivity relative to controls. PN and METH exposure produced changes in BDNF protein levels in all three regions, and complex interactions were observed between these two factors. Logistic regression revealed that BDNF protein levels, throughout the mesocorticolimbic system, significantly predicted the difference in the conditioned hyperactive response of the animals: both correlations were significant, but the predicted relationship between BDNF and context-elicited activity was stronger in the PN (r = 0.67) compared to the PS rats (r = 0.42). These findings indicate that low-dose PN exposure produces long-term changes in activity and enhanced sensitivity to the locomotor effects of METH. The enhanced METH-induced contextual conditioning shown by the PN animals suggests that offspring of in utero tobacco smoke exposure have greater susceptibility to learn about drug-related conditional stimuli, such as the context. The PN-induced alterations in mesocorticolimbic BDNF protein lend further support for the hypothesis that maternal smoking during pregnancy produces alterations in neuronal plasticity that contribute to drug abuse vulnerability. The current findings demonstrate that these changes are persistent into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Lacy
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, S.C., USA
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Prenatal tobacco exposure and self-regulation in early childhood: Implications for developmental psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 27:397-409. [PMID: 25997761 PMCID: PMC10112534 DOI: 10.1017/s095457941500005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) has a well-documented association with disruptive behavior in childhood, but the neurocognitive effects of exposure that underlie this link are not sufficiently understood. The present study was designed to address this gap, through longitudinal follow-up in early childhood of a prospectively enrolled cohort with well-characterized prenatal exposure. Three-year-old children (n = 151) were assessed using a developmentally sensitive battery capturing both cognitive and motivational aspects of self-regulation. PTE was related to motivational self-regulation, where children had to delay approach to attractive rewards, but not cognitive self-regulation, where children had to hold information in mind and inhibit prepotent motor responses. Furthermore, PTE predicted motivational self-regulation more strongly in boys than in girls, and when propensity scores were covaried to control for confounding risk factors, the effect of PTE on motivational self-regulation was significant only in boys. These findings suggest that PTE's impact on neurodevelopment may be greater in boys than in girls, perhaps reflecting vulnerability in neural circuits that subserve reward sensitivity and emotion regulation, and may also help to explain why PTE is more consistently related to disruptive behavior disorders than attention problems.
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Brown GG, Jacobus J, McKenna B. Structural imaging for addiction medicine: From neurostructure to neuroplasticity. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2016; 224:105-27. [PMID: 26822356 PMCID: PMC4856004 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging have provided new insights into structural brain changes associated with drugs of abuse. In this chapter, we review recent studies using these methods to investigate structural brain abnormalities associated with excessive use of marijuana, stimulants, and opiates. Although many brain regions have been associated with structural abnormalities following abuse of these drugs, brain systems underlying inhibition, mood regulation, and reward are particularly involved. Candidate pathological mechanisms underlying these structural abnormalities include the direct toxic effects of the drugs, neuroinflammation, ischemia, hemorrhage, and abnormal brain development. Returning damaged brain areas to neural health would involve enhancing neuroplasticity. Behavioral, environmental, pharmacological, and cell-based therapies have been correlated with enhanced neuroplasticity following brain injury, providing a basis for new treatments of brain changes associated with excessive drug use. When testing new treatments, structural imaging may prove useful in selecting patients, monitoring recovery, and perhaps, tailoring interventions.
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Smith LM, Diaz S, LaGasse LL, Wouldes T, Derauf C, Newman E, Arria A, Huestis MA, Haning W, Strauss A, Della Grotta S, Dansereau LM, Neal C, Lester BM. Developmental and behavioral consequences of prenatal methamphetamine exposure: A review of the Infant Development, Environment, and Lifestyle (IDEAL) study. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015. [PMID: 26212684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study reviews the findings from the Infant Development, Environment, and Lifestyle (IDEAL) study, a multisite, longitudinal, prospective study designed to determine maternal outcome and child growth and developmental findings following prenatal methamphetamine exposure from birth up to age 7.5 years. These findings are presented in the context of the home environment and caregiver characteristics to determine how the drug and the environment interact to affect the outcome of these children. No neonatal abstinence syndrome requiring pharmacologic intervention was observed but heavy drug exposure was associated with increased stress responses in the neonatal period. Poorer inhibitory control was also observed in heavy methamphetamine exposed children placing them at high risk for impaired executive function. Independent of methamphetamine exposure, children with more responsive home environments to developmental and emotional needs demonstrated lower risks for internalizing and externalizing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne M Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Sabrina Diaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda L LaGasse
- Pediatrics Division, Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Trecia Wouldes
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Derauf
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Elana Newman
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Amelia Arria
- Family Science Department, Center on Young Adult Health and Development, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Marilyn A Huestis
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William Haning
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Arthur Strauss
- Miller Children's Hospital Long Beach (MCHLB), Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Sheri Della Grotta
- Pediatrics Division, Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lynne M Dansereau
- Pediatrics Division, Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Charles Neal
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Barry M Lester
- Pediatrics Division, Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Robertson FC, Narr KL, Molteno CD, Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW, Meintjes EM. Prenatal Alcohol Exposure is Associated with Regionally Thinner Cortex During the Preadolescent Period. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:3083-95. [PMID: 26088967 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) may exhibit craniofacial dysmorphology, neurobehavioral deficits, and reduced brain volume. Studies of cortical thickness in FASD have yielded contradictory findings, with 3 reporting thicker cerebral cortex in frontal and temporal brain regions and 2 showing thinner cortex across multiple regions. All 5 studies included subjects spanning a broad age range, and none have examined continuous measures of prenatal alcohol exposure. We investigated the relation of extent of in utero alcohol exposure to cortical thickness in 78 preadolescent children with FASD and controls within a narrow age range. A whole-brain analysis using FreeSurfer revealed no significant clusters where cortical thickness differed by FASD diagnostic group. However, alcohol dose/occasion during pregnancy was inversely related to cortical thickness in 3 regions-right cuneus/pericalcarine/superior parietal lobe, fusiform/lingual gyrus, and supramarginal/postcentral gyrus. The effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on IQ was mediated by cortical thickness in the right occipitotemporal region. It is noteworthy that a continuous measure of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy was more sensitive than FASD diagnosis and that the effect on cortical thickness was most evident in relation to a measure of maternal binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Robertson
- MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher D Molteno
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Joseph L Jacobson
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sandra W Jacobson
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ernesta M Meintjes
- MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences
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Abstract
Intrauterine methamphetamine exposure adversely affects the neurofunctional profile of exposed children, leading to a variety of higher order cognitive deficits, such as decreased attention, reduced working-memory capability, behavioral dysregulation, and spatial memory impairments (Kiblawi et al. in J Dev Behav Pediatr 34:31-37, 2013; Piper et al. in Pharmacol Biochem Behav 98:432-439 2011; Roussotte et al. in Neuroimage 54:3067-3075, 2011; Twomey et al. in Am J Orthopsychiatry 83:64-72, 2013). In animal models of developmental methamphetamine, both neuroanatomical and behavioral outcomes critically depend on the timing of methamphetamine administration. Methamphetamine exposure during the third trimester human equivalent period of brain development results in well-defined and persistent wayfinding and spatial navigation deficits in rodents (Vorhees et al. in Neurotoxicol Teratol 27:117-134, 2005, Vorhees et al. in Int J Dev Neurosci 26:599-610, 2008; Vorhees et al. in Int J Dev Neurosci 27:289-298, 2009; Williams et al. in Psychopharmacology (Berl) 168:329-338, 2003b), whereas drug delivery during the first and second trimester equivalents produces no such effect (Acuff-Smith et al. in Neurotoxicol Teratol 18:199-215, 1996; Schutova et al. in Physiol Res 58:741-750, 2009a; Slamberova et al. in Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 380:109-114, 2009, Slamberova et al. in Physiol Res 63:S547-S558, 2014b). In this review, we examine the impact of developmental methamphetamine on emerging neural circuitry, neurotransmission, receptor changes, and behavioral outcomes in animal models. The review is organized by type of effects and timing of drug exposure (prenatal only, pre- and neonatal, and neonatal only). The findings elucidate functional patterns of interconnected brain structures (e.g., frontal cortex and striatum) and neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine and serotonin) involved in methamphetamine-induced developmental neurotoxicity.
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Roos A, Kwiatkowski MA, Fouche JP, Narr KL, Thomas KGF, Stein DJ, Donald KA. White matter integrity and cognitive performance in children with prenatal methamphetamine exposure. Behav Brain Res 2014; 279:62-7. [PMID: 25446763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence on the harmful effects of prenatal methamphetamine (MA) exposure on the structure and function of the developing brain. However, few studies have assessed white matter structural integrity in the presence of prenatal MA exposure, and results are inconsistent. This investigation thus used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate white matter microstructure and cognitive performance in a group of prenatal MA exposed (or MA) children and controls of similar age. Seventeen MA children and 15 healthy controls (aged 6-7 years) underwent DTI and assessment of motor function and general cognitive ability. Whole brain analyses of white matter structure were performed using FSL's tract-based spatial statistics comparing fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD) and axial diffusivity (AD). Mean diffusion values were extracted from white matter regions shown to differ across groups to determine whether variations in FA predicted cognitive performance. Analyses were controlled for maternal nicotine use. MA children showed significantly lower FA as well as higher MD, RD and AD in tracts that traverse striatal, limbic and frontal regions. Abnormal FA levels in MA children were significantly associated with poorer motor coordination and general cognitive ability sub-items that relate to aspects of executive function. Our findings suggest that, consistent with previous studies in older children, there are disruptions of white matter microstructural integrity in striatal, limbic and frontal regions of young MA exposed children, with prominent cognitive implications. Future longitudinal studies may clarify how prenatal MA exposure affects white matter structural connectivity at different stages of brain maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annerine Roos
- SU/UCT MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | | | | | - Katherine L Narr
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | - Dan J Stein
- University of Cape Town, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, South Africa
| | - Kirsty A Donald
- University of Cape Town, Division of Developmental Paediatrics, South Africa
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Diaz SD, Smith LM, LaGasse LL, Derauf C, Newman E, Shah R, Arria A, Huestis MA, Grotta SD, Dansereau LM, Neal C, Lester BM. Effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure on behavioral and cognitive findings at 7.5 years of age. J Pediatr 2014; 164:1333-8. [PMID: 24630350 PMCID: PMC4035384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine child behavioral and cognitive outcomes after prenatal exposure to methamphetamine. STUDY DESIGN We enrolled 412 mother-infant pairs (204 methamphetamine-exposed and 208 unexposed matched comparisons) in the Infant Development, Environment, and Lifestyle study. The 151 children exposed to methamphetamine and 147 comparisons who attended the 7.5-year visit were included. Exposure was determined by maternal self-report and/or positive meconium toxicology. Maternal interviews assessed behavioral and cognitive outcomes using the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Short Form. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, children exposed to methamphetamine had significantly higher cognitive problems subscale scores than comparisons and were 2.8 times more likely to have cognitive problems scores that were above average on the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Short Form. No association between prenatal methamphetamine exposure and behavioral problems, measured by the oppositional, hyperactivity, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder index subscales, were found. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal methamphetamine exposure was associated with increased cognitive problems, which may affect academic achievement and lead to increased negative behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina D. Diaz
- LABiomed Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynne M. Smith
- LABiomed Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda L. LaGasse
- Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Elana Newman
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Rizwan Shah
- Blank Hospital Regional Child Protection Center - Iowa Health, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Amelia Arria
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, University of Maryland, School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheri Della Grotta
- Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lynne M. Dansereau
- Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Charles Neal
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Barry M. Lester
- Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Wouldes TA, Lagasse LL, Huestis MA, Dellagrotta S, Dansereau LM, Lester BM. Prenatal methamphetamine exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children from 1 to 3 years. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2014; 42:77-84. [PMID: 24566524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the evidence that women world-wide are using methamphetamine (MA) during pregnancy little is known about the neurodevelopment of their children. DESIGN The controlled, prospective longitudinal New Zealand (NZ) Infant Development, Environment and Lifestyle (IDEAL) study was carried out in Auckland, NZ. Participants were 103 children exposed to MA prenatally and 107 who were not exposed. The Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and the Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition (BSID-II) measured cognitive and motor performances at ages 1, 2 and 3, and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale, Second Edition (PDMS-II) measured gross and fine motor performances at 1 and 3. Measures of the child's environment included the Home Observation of Measurement of the Environment and the Maternal Lifestyle Interview. The Substance Use Inventory measured maternal drug use. RESULTS After controlling for other drug use and contextual factors, prenatal MA exposure was associated with poorer motor performance at 1 and 2 years on the BSID-II. No differences were observed for cognitive development (MDI). Relative to non-MA exposed children, longitudinal scores on the PDI and the gross motor scale of the PDMS-2 were 4.3 and 3.2 points lower, respectively. Being male and of Maori descent predicted lower cognitive scores (MDI) and being male predicted lower fine motor scores (PDMS-2). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to MA was associated with delayed gross motor development over the first 3 years, but not with cognitive development. However, being male and of Maori descent were both associated with poorer cognitive outcomes. Males in general did more poorly on tasks related to fine motor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trecia A Wouldes
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Linda L Lagasse
- Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905, USA.
| | - Marilyn A Huestis
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 200, Room 05A-721, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sheri Dellagrotta
- Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905, USA.
| | - Lynne M Dansereau
- Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905, USA.
| | - Barry M Lester
- Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905, USA.
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Rong L, Frontera AT, Benbadis SR. Tobacco smoking, epilepsy, and seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 31:210-8. [PMID: 24441294 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is considered the greatest risk factor for death caused by noncommunicable diseases. In contrast to extensive research on the association between tobacco smoking and diseases such as heart attack, stroke, and cancers, studies on the association between tobacco smoking and seizures or epilepsy are insufficient. The exact roles tobacco smoking and nicotine use play in seizures or epilepsy have not been well reviewed. We reviewed available literature and found that 1) there are vast differences between tobacco smoke and nicotine based on their components and their effects on seizures or epilepsy; 2) the seizure risk in acute active tobacco smokers, women who smoke during pregnancy, electronic cigarette smokers, and the role of smoking in sudden unexplained/unexpected death in epilepsy remain unclear; 3) seizure risks are higher in acute secondhand smokers, chronic active smokers, and babies whose mothers smoke; 4) tobacco smoke protects against seizures in animal models whereas nicotine exerts mixed effects in animals; and 5) tobacco smoking agents can be noneffective, proconvulsant, or anticonvulsant. Finally, the opportunities for future research on this topic is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Rong
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Alfred T Frontera
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Selim R Benbadis
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Chang RCC, Ho YS, Wong S, Gentleman SM, Ng HK. Neuropathology of cigarette smoking. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 127:53-69. [PMID: 24240736 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that cigarette smoking is hazardous to health and is a risk factor for many chronic diseases. However, its impact on the brain, whether it be from prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking, cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Parkinson's disease, is still not very clear. Neuroimaging and neuropathological investigations suggest that there are heterogeneous effects of cigarette smoking on the brain. On the one hand, it is quite clear that cigarette smoking causes damage to endothelial cells, resulting in increased risk of cerebrovascular disease. On the other hand, it seems to be associated with different Alzheimer's pathologies in post-mortem brains and experimental models, despite the fact that epidemiological studies clearly indicate a positive correlation between cigarette smoking and increased risk for AD. Interestingly, cigarette smoking appears to be associated with reduced Parkinson's pathology in post-mortem brains. However, although nicotine in cigarettes may have some neuroprotective actions, the effects of all the other toxic compounds in cigarettes cannot be ignored. It is, therefore, our aim to summarize what is known about the neuropathology of cigarette smoking and, in particular, its implications for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Rm. L1-49, Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong,
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Graf WD, Kekatpure MV, Kosofsky BE. Prenatal-onset neurodevelopmental disorders secondary to toxins, nutritional deficiencies, and maternal illness. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2013; 111:143-159. [PMID: 23622159 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-52891-9.00014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders result from an inordinate number of genetic and environmental causes during the embryological and fetal periods of life. In the clinical setting, deciphering precise etiological diagnoses is often difficult. Newer screening technologies allow a gradual shift from traditional nature-versus-nurture debates toward the focused analysis of gene-by-environment interactions (G X E). Further understanding of developmental adaptation and plasticity requires consideration of epigenetic processes such as maternal nutritional status, environmental toxins, maternal illnesses, as well as genetic determinants, alone or in combination. Appreciation of specific G X E mechanisms of neurodevelopmental pathogenesis should lead to better risk-modifying or preventive strategies. We provide a brief overview of clinical and experimental observations that link prenatal-onset toxic exposures, metabolic disturbances, and maternal illnesses to certain neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Graf
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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