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Pietersen PI, Bhatnagar R, Rahman NM, Maskell N, Wrightson JM, Annema J, Crombag L, Farr A, Tabin N, Slavicky M, Skaarup SH, Konge L, Laursen CB. Evidence-based training and certification: the ERS thoracic ultrasound training programme. Breathe (Sheff) 2023; 19:230053. [PMID: 37492346 PMCID: PMC10365077 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0053-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic ultrasound has developed into an integral part of the respiratory physician's diagnostic and therapeutic toolbox, with high diagnostic accuracy for many diseases causing acute or chronic respiratory symptoms. However, it is vitally important that the operator has received the appropriate education and training to ensure a systematic and thorough examination, correct image interpretation, and that they then have the appropriate skills to integrate all the findings for patient benefit. In this review, we present the new European Respiratory Society thoracic ultrasound training programme, including a discussion of curriculum development, its implementation, and trainee evaluation. This programme enables participants to gain competence in thoracic ultrasound through structured, evidence-based training with robustly validated assessments and certification. The training programme consists of three components: an online, theoretical part (part 1), which is accessible all year; a practical course (part 2), with four courses held each year (two online courses and two on-site courses); and an examination (part 3) comprising an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), which is hosted each year at the European Respiratory Society Congress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Iben Pietersen
- Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital – Svendborg, UNIFY – Research and Innovation Unit of Radiology, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, SimC – Simulation Center, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rahul Bhatnagar
- Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Najib M. Rahman
- University of Oxford, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Nick Maskell
- Academic Respiratory Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - John M. Wrightson
- Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jouke Annema
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence Crombag
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amy Farr
- Education Department, European Respiratory Society (ERS), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Tabin
- Education Department, European Respiratory Society (ERS), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marek Slavicky
- Education Department, European Respiratory Society (ERS), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Søren Helbo Skaarup
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Konge
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Centre for Human Resources and Education, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian B. Laursen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Odense Respiratory Research Unit (ODIN) - Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Nielsen MS, Clausen JH, Hoffmann-Petersen J, Konge L, Nielsen AB. Can virtual-reality simulation ensure transthoracic echocardiography skills before trainees examine patients? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 13:267-273. [PMID: 36196646 PMCID: PMC9904995 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.6321.8e5d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop and gather the validity evidence for a standardised simulation-based skills test in transthoracic echocardiography and to establish a credible pass/fail score. METHODS Experts developed a virtual-reality simulator test in cardiology, medical education and simulation-based education. Thirty-six physicians with different experiences in transthoracic echocardiography completed the test at Odense University Hospital, Denmark. The performances of novice, intermediate and experienced participants were compared using the Bonferroni post hoc test. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the internal consistency reliability of the test. The consistency of performance was analysed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. A pass/fail score was established using the contrasting groups' standard-setting method. RESULTS We developed a test with high consistent reliability (Alpha = .81), 95% CI [.69, .89]. In both cases, the performers' level was consistent, fitting others at the same level of experience (intraclass correlation r(35)=.81, p<.001). A pass/fail score of 48/50 points was established based on the mean test score of novice and experienced physicians. CONCLUSIONS We developed a standardised virtual-reality simulation-based test of echocardiography skills with the ability to distinguish between participants with different levels of transthoracic echocardiography experience. This test could direct a mastery learning training program where trainees practise until they reach the pre-defined level and secure a higher level of competency to ensure quality and safety for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesper H. Clausen
- SimC - Simulation Center, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Konge
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders B. Nielsen
- SimC - Simulation Center, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Evidence-based assessment of acupuncture skills using a newly developed simulation-based test. WORLD JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE-MOXIBUSTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wjam.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Impact of a Multimodal Simulation-based Curriculum on Endobronchial Ultrasound Skills. ATS Sch 2022; 3:258-269. [PMID: 35924193 PMCID: PMC9341474 DOI: 10.34197/ats-scholar.2021-0046oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently there is no consensus on ideal teaching method to train novice trainees in EBUS. Simulation-based procedure training allows direct observation of trainees in a controlled environment without compromising patient safety. Objective We wanted to develop a comprehensive assessment of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) performance of pulmonary fellows and assess the impact of a multimodal simulation-based curriculum for EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration. Methods Pretest assessment of 11 novice pulmonary fellows was performed using a three-part assessment tool, measuring EBUS-related knowledge, self-confidence, and procedural skills. Knowledge was assessed by 20 multiple-choice questions. Self-confidence was measured using the previously validated EBUS–Subjective Assessment Tool. Procedural skills assessment was performed on Simbionix BRONCH Express simulator and was modeled on a previously validated EBUS–Skills and Task Assessment Tool (EBUS-STAT), to create a modified EBUS-STAT based on internal faculty input via the Delphi method. After baseline testing, fellows participated in a structured multimodal curriculum, which included simulator training, small-group didactics, and interactive problem-based learning sessions, followed by individual debriefing sessions. Posttest assessment using the same three-part assessment tool was performed after 3 months, and the results were compared to study the impact of the new curriculum. Results The mean knowledge score improved significantly from baseline to posttest (52.7% vs. 67.7%; P = 0.002). The mean EBUS–Subjective Assessment Tool confidence scores (maximum score, 50) improved significantly from baseline to posttest (26 ± 7.6 vs. 35.2 ± 6.3 points; P < 0.001). The mean modified EBUS-STAT (maximum score, 105) improved significantly from baseline to posttest (44.8 ± 10.6 [42.7%] vs. 65.3 ± 11.4 [62.2%]; P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation (r = 0.81) between the experience of the test participants and the modified EBUS-STAT scores. Conclusion This study suggests a multimodal simulation-based curriculum can significantly improve EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration–related knowledge, self-confidence, and procedural skills among novice pulmonary fellows. A validation study is needed to determine if skills attained via a simulator can be replicated in a clinical setting.
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Cold K, Clementsen P. Diagnosis and staging of lung cancer using transesophageal ultrasound: Training and assessment. Endosc Ultrasound 2022; 11:92-94. [PMID: 35488620 PMCID: PMC9059802 DOI: 10.4103/eus-d-21-00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Andersen SAW, Nayahangan LJ, Park YS, Konge L. Use of Generalizability Theory for Exploring Reliability of and Sources of Variance in Assessment of Technical Skills: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2021; 96:1609-1619. [PMID: 33951677 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Competency-based education relies on the validity and reliability of assessment scores. Generalizability (G) theory is well suited to explore the reliability of assessment tools in medical education but has only been applied to a limited extent. This study aimed to systematically review the literature using G-theory to explore the reliability of structured assessment of medical and surgical technical skills and to assess the relative contributions of different factors to variance. METHOD In June 2020, 11 databases, including PubMed, were searched from inception through May 31, 2020. Eligible studies included the use of G-theory to explore reliability in the context of assessment of medical and surgical technical skills. Descriptive information on study, assessment context, assessment protocol, participants being assessed, and G-analyses was extracted. Data were used to map G-theory and explore variance components analyses. A meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the extracted data on the sources of variance and reliability. RESULTS Forty-four studies were included; of these, 39 had sufficient data for meta-analysis. The total pool included 35,284 unique assessments of 31,496 unique performances of 4,154 participants. Person variance had a pooled effect of 44.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 36.8%-51.5%). Only assessment tool type (Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills-type vs task-based checklist-type) had a significant effect on person variance. The pooled reliability (G-coefficient) was 0.65 (95% CI, .59-.70). Most studies included decision studies (39, 88.6%) and generally seemed to have higher ratios of performances to assessors to achieve a sufficiently reliable assessment. CONCLUSIONS G-theory is increasingly being used to examine reliability of technical skills assessment in medical education, but more rigor in reporting is warranted. Contextual factors can potentially affect variance components and thereby reliability estimates and should be considered, especially in high-stakes assessment. Reliability analysis should be a best practice when developing assessment of technical skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Arild Wuyts Andersen
- S.A.W. Andersen is postdoctoral researcher, Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Center for Human Resources and Education, Capital Region of Denmark, and Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, and resident in otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3491-9790
| | - Leizl Joy Nayahangan
- L.J. Nayahangan is researcher, CAMES, Center for Human Resources and Education, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6179-1622
| | - Yoon Soo Park
- Y.S. Park is director of health professions education research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8583-4335
| | - Lars Konge
- L. Konge is professor of medical education, University of Copenhagen, and head of research, CAMES, Center for Human Resources and Education, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1258-5822
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Hassan M, McDill H, Falconer W, Taylor L, Howell T, Corcoran JP, Daneshvar C. Time between endobronchial ultrasound needle passes as a metric to monitor progress of trainees. Expert Rev Respir Med 2021; 16:351-356. [PMID: 34585636 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2022.1987886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methods to assess and track progress of new endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) operators and trainees is desirable to ensure training goals and procedural competence are achieved. Relying on the diagnostic yield or on question-based assessments alone is not sufficient. This study examined the longitudinal change in times taken between needle passes (needle pass time; NPT) during EBUS lymph node sampling as a metric to monitor progress. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS :The EBUS database of a tertiary hospital was accessed to extract data on the first 50 EBUS procedures for three trainees. The NPT was derived using PACS images that are stored to document every needle pass during an EBUS procedure and an average NPT was calculated. RESULTS Between the three trainees, 157 procedures were carried out within the study period with 302 nodal stations sampled. The mean NPT (n = 204 stations) was 2:49 ± 0:49 mins. The mean node short axis diameter was 15.5 ± 8.7 mm. There was a negative correlation between node size and time per pass (r - 0.146, p = 0.045).The average NPT showed a negative correlation with procedure order through the first 50 procedures. Less variation between procedures was noted for the three trainees from the 30th procedure onward. On multivariate regression, NPT was significantly associated with procedure order regardless of station sampled or lymph node diameter. CONCLUSION NPT is novel, easy, and robust metric that can potentially help ensure EBUS trainees are advancing in a given training program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Hassan
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK.,Chest Diseases Department, Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Helen McDill
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - William Falconer
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - Lindsey Taylor
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - Timothy Howell
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - John P Corcoran
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - Cyrus Daneshvar
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
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Clementsen PF, Bodtger U, Konge L, Christiansen IS, Nessar R, Salih GN, Kolekar S, Meyer CN, Colella S, Jenssen C, Herth F, Hocke M, Dietrich CF. Diagnosis and staging of lung cancer with the use of one single echoendoscope in both the trachea and the esophagus: A practical guide. Endosc Ultrasound 2021; 10:325-334. [PMID: 33666182 PMCID: PMC8544013 DOI: 10.4103/eus-d-20-00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is crucial for allocation to surgical, medical or multimodal treatment. EUS and endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) have gained ground in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer in addition to radiological imaging (e.g., computed tomography, fluoroscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging), nuclear medicine techniques (e.g. positron emission tomography, PET), combined techniques (e.g., fluorodesoxyglucosepositron emission tomography scanning), and sonographic imaging including conventional transcutaneous mediastinal and lung ultrasound. By using one single echoendoscope in both the trachea and the esophagus, surgical staging procedures (e.g. mediastinoscopy and video assisted thoracoscopy) can be avoided in a considerable proportion of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Frost Clementsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde; Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Rigshospitalet; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Uffe Bodtger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Næstved Hospital, Næstved; Institute for Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lars Konge
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Skovgaard Christiansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafi Nessar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Goran Nadir Salih
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Shailesh Kolekar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christian Niels Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Colella
- Pulmonology Unit, "C.G. Mazzoni" Hospital, Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Christian Jenssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Märkisch-Oderland, Strausberg; Brandenburg Institute for Clinical Ultrasound, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Felix Herth
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg and Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hocke
- Medical Department, Helios Klinikum Meiningen, Germany
| | - Christoph Frank Dietrich
- Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM), Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Bern, Switzerland
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Crochet P, Netter A, Schmitt A, Garofalo A, Loundou A, Knight S, Rabischong B, Agostini A. Performance Assessment for Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy in the Operating Room: Validity Evidence of a Procedure-specific Rating Scale. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021; 28:1743-1750.e3. [PMID: 33621693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE The technical conduct of total laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) is critical to surgical outcomes. This study explored the validity evidence of an objective scale specific to the assessment of technical skills (H-OSATS) for 7 tasks of an LH with salpingo-oophorectomy procedure performed in the operating room. DESIGN Observational cohort study. SETTING Two academic hospitals in Marseille and Montpellier, France. PATIENTS Three groups of operators (novice, intermediate, and experienced surgeons) were video recorded during their live performances of LH on a simple case. For each group, a dozen unedited videos were obtained for the following tasks: division of the round ligament, division of the infundibulopelvic ligament, creation of the bladder flap, opening of the posterior peritoneum, division of the uterine vessels, colpotomy, and closure of the vault. INTERVENTIONS Two qualified raters blindly assessed each video using the H-OSATS rating scale. Inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability were calculated as measures of internal structure. In a separate round of evaluations, the raters provided a global competent/noncompetent decision for each performance. As a measure of consequential validity, a pass/fail score was set for each task using the contrasting group method. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Three tasks (creation of the bladder flap, colpotomy, and closure of the vault) displayed sound validity evidence: a meaningful total score difference among the 3 groups of experience as well as between the intermediate and experienced surgeons, reliability outcomes of >0.7, and a pass/fail score with a theoretical false-positive rate of <10%. CONCLUSION The validity evidence of the H-OSATS rating scale differed for separate evaluations of the 7 tasks. Three tasks (i.e., creation of the bladder flap, colpotomy, and closure of the vault) revealed sound validity evidence, including at the level of the attending surgeon, whereas other tasks were more consistent with low-stakes formative evaluation standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Crochet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, La Conception Hospital, Aix Marseille University (Drs. Crochet, Netter, Schmitt, Garofalo, Knight, and Agostini); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier (Dr. Crochet).
| | - Antoine Netter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, La Conception Hospital, Aix Marseille University (Drs. Crochet, Netter, Schmitt, Garofalo, Knight, and Agostini); Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie marine et continentale, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Avignon University (Dr. Netter)
| | - Andy Schmitt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, La Conception Hospital, Aix Marseille University (Drs. Crochet, Netter, Schmitt, Garofalo, Knight, and Agostini)
| | - Anna Garofalo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, La Conception Hospital, Aix Marseille University (Drs. Crochet, Netter, Schmitt, Garofalo, Knight, and Agostini)
| | - Anderson Loundou
- Support Unit for Clinical Research and Economic Evaluation, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University (Dr. Loundou), Marseille
| | - Sophie Knight
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, La Conception Hospital, Aix Marseille University (Drs. Crochet, Netter, Schmitt, Garofalo, Knight, and Agostini)
| | - Benoit Rabischong
- Department of Gynecological Surgery, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand (Dr. Rabischong), France
| | - Aubert Agostini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, La Conception Hospital, Aix Marseille University (Drs. Crochet, Netter, Schmitt, Garofalo, Knight, and Agostini)
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Avasarala SK, Aravena C, Almeida FA. Convex probe endobronchial ultrasound: historical, contemporary, and cutting-edge applications. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:1085-1099. [PMID: 32274177 PMCID: PMC7139045 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.10.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of convex-probe endobronchial ultrasound (CP-EBUS) has revolutionized bronchoscopy. It has provided the option of a relatively safe, minimally invasive approach for the assessment of various intrathoracic diseases. In current practice, its most dramatic impact has been on the diagnosing and staging of lung cancer. It has served as an invaluable tool that has replaced mediastinoscopy in a variety of clinical scenarios. Many pulmonologists and thoracic surgeons consider CP-EBUS the most significant milestone in bronchoscopy after the development of the flexible bronchoscope itself. In this review, we summarize the historical aspects, current indications, technical approach, and future direction of CP-EBUS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Aravena
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Candoli P, Ceron L, Trisolini R, Romagnoli M, Michieletto L, Scarlata S, Galasso T, Leoncini F, Pasini V, Dennetta D, Marchesani F, Zotti M, Corbetta L. Competence in endosonographic techniques. Panminerva Med 2019; 61:249-279. [DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.18.03570-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Crombag LMM, Dooms C, Stigt JA, Tournoy KG, Schuurbiers OCJ, Ninaber MK, Buikhuisen WA, Hashemi SMS, Bonta PI, Korevaar DA, Annema JT. Systematic and combined endosonographic staging of lung cancer (SCORE study). Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.00800-2018. [PMID: 30578389 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00800-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Guidelines recommend endosonography for mediastinal nodal staging in patients with resectable nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We hypothesise that a systematic endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) evaluation combined with an oesophageal investigation using the same EBUS bronchoscope (EUS-B) improves mediastinal nodal staging versus the current practice of targeted positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT)-guided EBUS staging alone.A prospective, multicentre, international study (NCT02014324) was conducted in consecutive patients with (suspected) resectable NSCLC. After PET-CT, patients underwent systematic EBUS and EUS-B. Node(s) suspicious on CT, PET, EBUS and/or EUS-B imaging and station 4R, 4L and 7 (short axis ≥8 mm) were sampled. For patients without N2/N3 disease determined on endosonography, surgical-pathological staging was the reference standard.229 patients were included in this study. The prevalence of N2/N3 disease was 103 out of 229 patients (45%). A PET-CT-guided targeted approach by EBUS identified 75 patients with N2/N3 disease (sensitivity 73%, 95% CI 63-81%; negative predictive value (NPV) 81%, 95% CI 74-87%). Four additional patients with N2/N3 disease were found by systematic EBUS (sensitivity 77%, 95% CI 67-84%; NPV 84%, 95% CI 76-89%) and five more by EUS-B (84 patients total; sensitivity 82%, 95% CI 72-88%; NPV 87%, 95% CI 80-91%). Additional clinical relevant staging information was obtained in 23 out of 229 patients (10%).Systematic EBUS followed by EUS-B increased sensitivity for the detection of N2/N3 disease by 9% compared to PET-CT-targeted EBUS alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence M M Crombag
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Dooms
- Dept of Respiratory Disease, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos A Stigt
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Kurt G Tournoy
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Ziekenhuis, Aalst, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olga C J Schuurbiers
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten K Ninaber
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wieneke A Buikhuisen
- Dept of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sayed M S Hashemi
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter I Bonta
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël A Korevaar
- Dept of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke T Annema
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Andersen SAW, Mikkelsen PT, Sørensen MS. Expert sampling of VR simulator metrics for automated assessment of mastoidectomy performance. Laryngoscope 2019; 129:2170-2177. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.27798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Arild Wuyts Andersen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery Rigshospitalet
- The Simulation Centre at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES)Centre for HR, the Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen
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Al-Shahrestani F, Sørensen MS, Andersen SAW. Performance metrics in mastoidectomy training: a systematic review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:657-664. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-018-05265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nakamura M, Uchimura K, Hara S, Ohira H, Chiba Y, Nemoto K, Higashi Y, Tahara M, Ikegami H, Hirano Y, Sakagami K, Uyama K, Sennari K, Tachiwada T, Kawabata H, Noguchi S, Yamasaki K, Kawanami T, Yatera K. [Evaluation of the Influence of the Experience and Training of EBUS-TBNA on Diagnostic Rate and Safety]. J UOEH 2019; 41:179-184. [PMID: 31292362 DOI: 10.7888/juoeh.41.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has been widely used in Japan. The guidelines of the American College of Chest Physicians has recommended that EBUS-TBNA should be performed by well-trained operators who can perform highly accurate procedures, but the indicators of the degree of experience and training are unclear. In our department, physicians who do not have enough experience perform EBUS-TBNA under the supervision of bronchoscopic instructors who have EBUS-TBNA techniques (Board Certified Member of the Japan Society for Respiratory Endoscopy) after guidance and training in EBUS-TBNA using a simulator as an operator and helper. In order to evaluate the influence of the experience and training of EBUS-TBNA on diagnostic accuracy and safety, we retrospectively compared the diagnostic accuracy and safety of EBUS-TBNA performed by physicians within one year of experience of EBUS-TBNA and those performed by physicians with more than one year of experience. A total of 111 cases (148 lesions) who were eventually diagnosed as having primary lung cancer and underwent EBUS-TBNA in our department between April 2014 and January 2016 were divided into two groups. Group A (43 cases, 57 lesions) was examined by third-year doctors within one year of experience of EBUS-TBNA, and group B (68 cases, 91 lesions) was examined by doctors with four or more years of experience and with more than one year of experience of EBUS-TBNA. Diagnostic rate, examination time, and complications were evaluated. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the diagnostic rate (A, 89.5% vs. B, 90.1%, P = 1.0) or examination time (A, 27 min vs. B, 23 min, P = 0.149), and no complications were observed in either group. This study suggests that even less-experienced physicians may safely perform EBUS-TBNA as well as moderately-experienced physicians with more than 1 year experience of EBUS-TBNA with similar diagnostic rates when proper training and supervision are supplied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Keigo Uchimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Sachika Hara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohira
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Yosuke Chiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nemoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Higashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tahara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikegami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Yoko Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sakagami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Uyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Konomi Sennari
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Takashi Tachiwada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawabata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Shingo Noguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Kei Yamasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kawanami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Pietersen PI, Konge L, Graumann O, Nielsen BU, Laursen CB. Developing and Gathering Validity Evidence for a Simulation-Based Test of Competencies in Lung Ultrasound. Respiration 2018; 97:329-336. [PMID: 30404101 DOI: 10.1159/000493758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical lung ultrasound (LUS) is a fast bedside diagnostic tool which can assist clinicians in decisions regarding the treatment and monitoring of patients with respiratory symptoms. LUS training and education differ widely, and is often done in a clinical setting, with potential risks for patients if decisions are made based on the wrong interpretations. No clear guidelines or recommendations for objective and standardized assessment of LUS skills exist, and those that do are often based on a fixed time-frame or an arbitrary number of examinations performed; this does not ensure adequate competencies. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to develop and gather validity evidence for a practical, simulation-based test in LUS. METHODS Nine cases were developed in collaboration with 3D Systems Healthcare, Littleton, CO, USA, representing the most common diagnosis and sonographic findings in patients with respiratory symptoms. Thirty-six participants with different levels of competence in LUS, completed the test. The participants were divided into groups, i.e., novices, intermediates, and experienced, according to their experience with LUS, the number of examinations they had performed, and any research they had conducted. Their answers were used for item analyses. RESULTS The intraclass correlation coefficient, Cronbachs' α, was 0.69 summarized, and there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between the novices and the trained participants (intermediates and experienced). A pass/fail score of 16 points was calculated according to the contrasting-groups method. CONCLUSION We developed a test for the assessment of clinical competencies in LUS. The test proved solid validity evidence, and a pass/fail standard without any false-negatives, and only 2 explained false-positives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Iben Pietersen
- Regional Center for Technical Simulation, Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, .,Institute for Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,
| | - Lars Konge
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation, Central Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Graumann
- Institute for Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Ulrik Nielsen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian B Laursen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Institute for Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Petersen RH, Gjeraa K, Jensen K, Møller LB, Hansen HJ, Konge L. Assessment of competence in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy: A Danish nationwide study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 156:1717-1722. [PMID: 29773444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Competence in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy has previously been established on the basis of numbers of procedures performed, but this approach does not ensure competence. Specific assessment tools, such as the newly developed video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy assessment tool, allow for structured and objective assessment of competence. Our aim was to provide validity evidence for the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy assessment tool. METHODS Video recordings of 60 video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomies performed by 18 thoracic surgeons were rated using the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy assessment tool. All 4 centers of thoracic surgery in Denmark participated in the study. Two video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery experts rated the videos. They were blinded to surgeon and center. RESULTS The total internal consistency reliability Cronbach's alpha was 0.93. Inter-rater reliability between the 2 raters was Pearson's r = 0.71 (P < .001). The mean video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy assessment tool scores for the 10 procedures performed by beginners were 22.1 (standard deviation [SD], 8.6) for the 28 procedures performed by the intermediate surgeons, 31.2 (SD, 4.4), and for the 20 procedures performed by experts 35.9 (SD, 2.9) (P < .001). Bonferroni post hoc tests showed that experts were significantly better than intermediates (P < .008) and beginners (P < .001). Intermediates' mean scores were significantly better than beginners (P < .001). The pass/fail standard calculated using the contrasting group's method was 31 points. One of the beginners passed, and 2 experts failed the test. CONCLUSIONS Validity evidence was provided for a newly developed assessment tool for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy assessment tool) in a clinical setting. The discriminatory ability among expert surgeons, intermediate surgeons, and beginners proved highly significant. The video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy assessment tool could be an important aid in the future training and certification of thoracic surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Horsleben Petersen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kirsten Gjeraa
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), University of Copenhagen and the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Jensen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Jessen Hansen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Konge
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), University of Copenhagen and the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jørgensen M, Konge L, Subhi Y. Contrasting groups' standard setting for consequences analysis in validity studies: reporting considerations. Adv Simul (Lond) 2018; 3:5. [PMID: 29556423 PMCID: PMC5845294 DOI: 10.1186/s41077-018-0064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The contrasting groups’ standard setting method is commonly used for consequences analysis in validity studies for performance in medicine and surgery. The method identifies a pass/fail cut-off score, from which it is possible to determine false positives and false negatives based on observed numbers in each group. Since groups in validity studies are often small, e.g., due to a limited number of experts, these analyses are sensitive to outliers on the normal distribution curve. Methods We propose that these shortcomings can be addressed in a simple manner using the cumulative distribution function. Results We demonstrate considerable absolute differences between the observed false positives/negatives and the theoretical false positives/negatives. In addition, several important examples are given. Conclusions We propose that a better reporting strategy is to report theoretical false positives and false negatives together with the observed false positives and negatives, and we have developed an Excel sheet to facilitate such calculations. Trial registration Not relevant. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41077-018-0064-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Jørgensen
- 1Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,2Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,3Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Vestermarksvej 23, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lars Konge
- 1Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,2Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yousif Subhi
- 1Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,3Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Vestermarksvej 23, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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EBUS-STAT Subscore Analysis to Predict the Efficacy and Assess the Validity of Virtual Reality Simulation for EBUS-TBNA Training Among Experienced Bronchoscopists. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol 2017; 24:110-116. [PMID: 28323724 DOI: 10.1097/lbr.0000000000000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linear endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) represents a pivotal innovation in interventional pulmonology; determining the best approach to guarantee systematic and efficient training is expected to become a main issue in the forthcoming years. Virtual reality simulators have been proposed as potential EBUS-TBNA training instruments, to avoid unskilled beginners practicing directly in real-life settings. A validated and perfected simulation program could be used before allowing beginners to practice on patients. Our goal was to test the reliability of the EBUS-Skills and Task Assessment Tool (STAT) and its subscores for measuring the competence of experienced bronchoscopists approaching EBUS-guided TBNA, using only the virtual reality simulator as both a training and an assessment tool. METHODS Fifteen experienced bronchoscopists, with poor or no experience in EBUS-TBNA, participated in this study. They were all administered the Italian version of the EBUS-STAT evaluation tool, during a high-fidelity virtual reality simulation. This was followed by a single 7-hour theoretical and practical (on simulators) session on EBUS-TBNA, at the end of which their skills were reassessed by EBUS-STAT. RESULTS An overall, significant improvement in EBUS-TBNA skills was observed, thereby confirming that (a) virtual reality simulation can facilitate practical learning among practitioners, and (b) EBUS-STAT is capable of detecting these improvements. The test's overall ability to detect differences was negatively influenced by the minimal variation of the scores relating to items 1 and 2, was not influenced by the training, and improved significantly when the 2 items were not considered. Apart from these 2 items, all the remaining subscores were equally capable of revealing improvements in the learner. Lastly, we found that trainees with presimulation EBUS-STAT scores above 79 did not show any significant improvement after virtual reality training, suggesting that this score represents a cutoff value capable of predicting the likelihood that simulation can be beneficial. CONCLUSIONS Virtual reality simulation is capable of providing a practical learning tool for practitioners with previous experience in flexible bronchoscopy, and the EBUS-STAT questionnaire is capable of detecting these changes. A pretraining EBUS-STAT score below 79 is a good indicator of those candidates who will benefit from the simulation training. Further studies are needed to verify whether a modified version of the questionnaire would be capable of improving its performance among experienced bronchoscopists.
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22
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Naur TMH, Konge L, Nayahangan LJ, Clementsen PF. Training and certification in endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:2118-2123. [PMID: 28840013 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.06.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) plays a key role in the staging of lung cancer, which is crucial for allocation to surgical treatment. EBUS-TBNA is a complicated procedure and simulation-based training is helpful in the first part of the long learning curve prior to performing the procedure on actual patients. New trainees should follow a structured training programme consisting of training on simulators to proficiency as assessed with a validated test followed by supervised practice on patients. The simulation-based training is superior to the traditional apprenticeship model and is recommended in the newest guidelines. EBUS-TBNA and oesophageal ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA or EUS-B-FNA) are complementary to each other and the combined techniques are superior to either technique alone. It is logical to learn and to perform the two techniques in combination, however, for lung cancer staging solely EBUS-TBNA simulators exist, but hopefully in the future simulation-based training in EUS will be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Maria Henriette Naur
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen and the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Konge
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen and the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leizl Joy Nayahangan
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen and the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Frost Clementsen
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen and the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Internal Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
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23
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Ultrasound-guided Lung Biopsy in the Hands of Respiratory Physicians: Diagnostic Yield and Complications in 215 Consecutive Patients in 3 Centers. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol 2017; 23:220-8. [PMID: 27454475 DOI: 10.1097/lbr.0000000000000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic yield and prevalence of complications of ultrasound-guided transthoracic needle aspiration biopsies (US-TTNAB) performed by respiratory physicians after implementation of the procedure in an everyday clinical setting at 3 different centers. METHODS Patients were included if they during the period from January 2012 to August 2014 had a registered US-TTNAB procedure code or if a US biopsy registration form had been filled out at either of the participating centers. Histology or cytology results were used as a reference test for diagnoses that could be made based on these results. Reference test for the remaining diagnoses was clinical follow-up. The diagnostic yield of US-TTNAB was defined as the proportion of patients in which the result of the US-TTNAB was consistent with the reference test. RESULTS A total of 215 patients in which a primary US-TTNAB had been performed were identified. The most common biopsy sites were lungs and pleurae with a total of 164 (76.3%) patients and 31 patients (14.4%), respectively. US-TTNAB diagnostic yield was 76.9% (95% CI, 70.3%-83.4%) for malignant diagnoses and 47.6% (95% CI, 31.9%-63.4%) for nonmalignant diagnoses. The most common complications of US-TTNAB were pneumothorax (2.5%; 95% CI, 0.03%-4.6%) and pain at the biopsy site (2%; 95% CI, 0.04%-3.9%). No fatalities related to US-TTNAB were observed. CONCLUSION US-TTNAB performed by respiratory physicians is a safe procedure with a low risk of complications and the diagnostic yield to establish a malignant diagnosis is acceptable.
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Goldenberg MG, Garbens A, Szasz P, Hauer T, Grantcharov TP. Systematic review to establish absolute standards for technical performance in surgery. Br J Surg 2016; 104:13-21. [PMID: 27686465 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard setting allows educators to create benchmarks that distinguish between those who pass and those who fail an assessment. It can also be used to create standards in clinical and simulated procedural skill. The objective of this review was to perform a systematic review of the literature using absolute standard-setting methodology to create benchmarks in technical performance. METHODS A systematic review was conducted by searching MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Abstracts of retrieved studies were reviewed and those meeting the inclusion criteria were selected for full-text review. The quality of evidence presented in the included studies was assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI), where a score of 14 or more of 18 indicates high-quality evidence. RESULTS Of 1809 studies identified, 37 used standard-setting methodology for assessment of procedural skill. Of these, 24 used participant-centred and 13 employed item-centred methods. Thirty studies took place in a simulated environment, and seven in a clinical setting. The included studies assessed residents (26 of 37), fellows (6 of 37) and staff physicians (17 of 37). Seventeen articles achieved a MERSQI score of 14 or more of 18, whereas 20 did not meet this mark. CONCLUSION Absolute standard-setting methodologies can be used to establish cut-offs for procedural skill assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Goldenberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Garbens
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - P Szasz
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - T Hauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - T P Grantcharov
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Farr A, Clementsen P, Herth F, Konge L, Rohde G, Dowsland S, Schuhmann M, Annema J. Endobronchial ultrasound: launch of an ERS structured training programme. Breathe (Sheff) 2016; 12:217-220. [PMID: 28210294 PMCID: PMC5298157 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.013116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
ERS launches structured EBUS training programme http://ow.ly/br5P302vhh3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Farr
- Educational Activities, European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Clementsen
- Dept of Pulmonology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen University and the Capital Region of Denmark Centre for Clinical Education, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Felix Herth
- Dept of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Konge
- Copenhagen University and the Capital Region of Denmark Centre for Clinical Education, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gernot Rohde
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Dowsland
- Educational Activities, European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maren Schuhmann
- Dept of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jouke Annema
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Nayahangan LJ, Clementsen PF, Paltved C, Lindorff-Larsen KG, Nielsen BU, Konge L. Identifying Technical Procedures in Pulmonary Medicine That Should Be Integrated in a Simulation-Based Curriculum: A National General Needs Assessment. Respiration 2016; 91:517-22. [PMID: 27287472 DOI: 10.1159/000446926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simulation training is a revolutionary addition to health care education. However, developing simulation-based training programs is often dictated by those simulators that are commercially available. Curriculum development requires deliberate planning and a standardized approach, including a 'general needs assessment'. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to perform a national general needs assessment to identify technical procedures in pulmonary medicine that should be integrated in a simulation-based curriculum. METHODS A three-round Delphi process was initiated among 62 key opinion leaders. Round 1 was an open-ended question to identify technical procedures pulmonologists should learn. Round 2 was a survey using a newly developed needs assessment formula to explore the frequency of procedures, number of operators, risk or discomfort when performed by an inexperienced doctor, and feasibility of simulation-based training. In round 3, results were reviewed and ranked according to priority. RESULTS The response rates for the three rounds were 74, 63, and 60%, respectively. The Delphi process reduced the 30 procedures identified in round 1 to 11 prioritized technical procedures in round 3. These were: flexible bronchoscopy, pleurocentesis, endobronchial ultrasound, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration, noninvasive ventilation treatment, transthoracic biopsy of pleural or lung tumor, focused ultrasound scanning of the lungs, chest tube insertion, needle biopsy of visible lymph node/tumor of the skin, focused ultrasound scanning of the heart, and thoracoscopy. CONCLUSION We performed a Delphi study using a needs assessment formula, which identified 11 technical procedures that are highly suitable for simulation-based training. Medical educators can use this list as a resource in planning simulation-based training programs for trainees in pulmonary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leizl Joy Nayahangan
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation, University of Copenhagen and The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
The clinical practice of pulmonary and critical care medicine requires procedural competence in many technical domains, including vascular access, airway management, basic and advanced bronchoscopy, pleural procedures, and critical care ultrasonography. Simulation provides opportunities for standardized training and assessment in procedures without placing patients at undue risk. A growing body of literature supports the use and effectiveness of low-fidelity and high-fidelity simulators for procedural training and assessment. In this manuscript by the Skills-based Working Group of the American Thoracic Society Education Committee, we describe the background, available technology, and current evidence related to simulation-based skills training within pulmonary and critical care medicine. We outline working group recommendations for key procedural domains.
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Wahidi MM, Herth F, Yasufuku K, Shepherd RW, Yarmus L, Chawla M, Lamb C, Casey KR, Patel S, Silvestri GA, Feller-Kopman DJ. Technical Aspects of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest 2016; 149:816-35. [PMID: 26402427 DOI: 10.1378/chest.15-1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) was introduced in the last decade, enabling real-time guidance of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) of mediastinal and hilar structures and parabronchial lung masses. The many publications produced about EBUS-TBNA have led to a better understanding of the performance characteristics of this procedure. The goal of this document was to examine the current literature on the technical aspects of EBUS-TBNA as they relate to patient, technology, and proceduralist factors to provide evidence-based and expert guidance to clinicians. METHODS Rigorous methodology has been applied to provide a trustworthy evidence-based guideline and expert panel report. A group of approved panelists developed key clinical questions by using the PICO (population, intervention, comparator, and outcome) format that addressed specific topics on the technical aspects of EBUS-TBNA. MEDLINE (via PubMed) and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for relevant literature, which was supplemented by manual searches. References were screened for inclusion, and well-recognized document evaluation tools were used to assess the quality of included studies, to extract meaningful data, and to grade the level of evidence to support each recommendation or suggestion. RESULTS Our systematic review and critical analysis of the literature on 15 PICO questions related to the technical aspects of EBUS-TBNA resulted in 12 statements: 7 evidence-based graded recommendations and 5 ungraded consensus-based statements. Three questions did not have sufficient evidence to generate a statement. CONCLUSIONS Evidence on the technical aspects of EBUS-TBNA varies in strength but is satisfactory in certain areas to guide clinicians on the best conditions to perform EBUS-guided tissue sampling. Additional research is needed to enhance our knowledge regarding the optimal performance of this effective procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momen M Wahidi
- Duke University Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Durham, NC.
| | - Felix Herth
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kazuhiro Yasufuku
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lonny Yarmus
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mohit Chawla
- Division of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Carla Lamb
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lahey Clinic Hospital, Burlington, MA
| | - Kenneth R Casey
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | | | - Gerard A Silvestri
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - David J Feller-Kopman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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King N, Kunac A, Merchant AM. A Review of Endoscopic Simulation: Current Evidence on Simulators and Curricula. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2016; 73:12-23. [PMID: 26699281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Upper and lower endoscopy is an important tool that is being utilized more frequently by general surgeons. Training in therapeutic endoscopic techniques has become a mandatory requirement for general surgery residency programs in the United States. The Fundamentals of Endoscopic Surgery has been developed to train and assess competency in these advanced techniques. Simulation has been shown to increase the skill and learning curve of trainees in other surgical disciplines. Several types of endoscopy simulators are commercially available; mechanical trainers, animal based, and virtual reality or computer-based simulators all have their benefits and limitations. However they have all been shown to improve trainee's endoscopic skills. Endoscopic simulators will play a critical role as part of a comprehensive curriculum designed to train the next generation of surgeons. We reviewed recent literature related to the various types of endoscopic simulators and their use in an educational curriculum, and discuss the relevant findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil King
- Division of General Surgery, Department of General Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Anastasia Kunac
- Division of Trauma, Department of General Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Aziz M Merchant
- Division of General Surgery, Department of General Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey.
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Vilmann P, Frost Clementsen P. Traditionally reported adverse events related to EUS-guided FNA biopsy and endobronchial US-guided transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy: Just the tip of the iceberg? Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 82:1016-7. [PMID: 26614158 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vilmann
- GastroUnit, Department of Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Paul Frost Clementsen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Gentofte Hospital and Centre for Clinical Education, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jenssen C, Annema JT, Clementsen P, Cui XW, Borst MM, Dietrich CF. Ultrasound techniques in the evaluation of the mediastinum, part 2: mediastinal lymph node anatomy and diagnostic reach of ultrasound techniques, clinical work up of neoplastic and inflammatory mediastinal lymphadenopathy using ultrasound techniques and how to learn mediastinal endosonography. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:E439-58. [PMID: 26623120 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.10.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging has gained importance in pulmonary medicine over the last decades including conventional transcutaneous ultrasound (TUS), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS). Mediastinal lymph node (MLN) staging affects the management of patients with both operable and inoperable lung cancer (e.g., surgery vs. combined chemoradiation therapy). Tissue sampling is often indicated for accurate nodal staging. Recent international lung cancer staging guidelines clearly state that endosonography should be the initial tissue sampling test over surgical staging. Mediastinal nodes can be sampled from the airways [endobronchial ultrasound combined with transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA)] or the esophagus [endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA)]. EBUS and EUS have a complementary diagnostic yield and in combination virtually all MLNs can be biopsied. Additionally endosonography has an excellent yield in assessing granulomas in patients suspected of sarcoidosis. The aim of this review in two integrative parts is to discuss the current role and future perspectives of all ultrasound techniques available for the evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy and mediastinal staging of lung cancer. A specific emphasis will be on learning mediastinal endosonography. Part 1 deals with an introduction into ultrasound techniques, MLN anatomy and diagnostic reach of ultrasound techniques and part 2 with the clinical work up of neoplastic and inflammatory mediastinal lymphadenopathy using ultrasound techniques and how to learn mediastinal endosonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jenssen
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland Strausberg/Wriezen, Germany ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark ; 4 Centre for Clinical Education, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen and the Capital Region of Denmark, Hellerup, Denmark ; 5 Medical Department 2, 6 Medical Department 1, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jouke Tabe Annema
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland Strausberg/Wriezen, Germany ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark ; 4 Centre for Clinical Education, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen and the Capital Region of Denmark, Hellerup, Denmark ; 5 Medical Department 2, 6 Medical Department 1, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul Clementsen
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland Strausberg/Wriezen, Germany ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark ; 4 Centre for Clinical Education, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen and the Capital Region of Denmark, Hellerup, Denmark ; 5 Medical Department 2, 6 Medical Department 1, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xin-Wu Cui
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland Strausberg/Wriezen, Germany ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark ; 4 Centre for Clinical Education, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen and the Capital Region of Denmark, Hellerup, Denmark ; 5 Medical Department 2, 6 Medical Department 1, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Maximilian Borst
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland Strausberg/Wriezen, Germany ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark ; 4 Centre for Clinical Education, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen and the Capital Region of Denmark, Hellerup, Denmark ; 5 Medical Department 2, 6 Medical Department 1, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Frank Dietrich
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland Strausberg/Wriezen, Germany ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark ; 4 Centre for Clinical Education, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen and the Capital Region of Denmark, Hellerup, Denmark ; 5 Medical Department 2, 6 Medical Department 1, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Yudkowsky R, Park YS, Lineberry M, Knox A, Ritter EM. Setting mastery learning standards. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2015; 90:1495-1500. [PMID: 26375263 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mastery learning is an instructional approach in which educational progress is based on demonstrated performance, not curricular time. Learners practice and retest repeatedly until they reach a designated mastery level; the final level of achievement is the same for all, although time to mastery may vary. Given the unique properties of mastery learning assessments, a thoughtful approach to establishing the performance levels and metrics that determine when a learner has demonstrated mastery is essential.Standard-setting procedures require modification when used for mastery learning settings in health care, particularly regarding the use of evidence-based performance data, the determination of appropriate benchmark or comparison groups, and consideration of patient safety consequences. Information about learner outcomes and past performance data of learners successful at the subsequent level of training can be more helpful than traditional information about test performance of past examinees. The marginally competent "borderline student" or "borderline group" referenced in traditional item-based and examinee-based procedures will generally need to be redefined in mastery settings. Patient safety considerations support conjunctive standards for key knowledge and skill subdomains and for items that have an impact on clinical outcomes. Finally, traditional psychometric indices used to evaluate the quality of standards do not necessarily reflect critical measurement properties of mastery assessments. Mastery learning and testing are essential to the achievement and assessment of entrustable professional activities and residency milestones. With careful attention, sound mastery standard-setting procedures can provide an essential step toward improving the effectiveness of health professions education, patient safety, and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Yudkowsky
- R. Yudkowsky is associate professor, Department of Medical Education, and director, Dr. Allan L. and Mary L. Graham Clinical Performance Center, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. Y.S. Park is assistant professor, Department of Medical Education, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. M. Lineberry is assistant professor, Department of Medical Education, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. A. Knox is a resident in plastic and reconstructive surgery, University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. E.M. Ritter is associate professor, vice chairman for education, and program director for the general surgery residency, Norman M. Rich Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine/Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
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Vilmann P, Clementsen PF. Combined EUS and EBUS are complementary methods in lung cancer staging: Do not forget the esophagus. Endosc Int Open 2015; 3:E300-1. [PMID: 26357673 PMCID: PMC4554516 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1392786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vilmann
- GastroUnit, Department of Surgery, Herlev University Hospital, DK 2730 Herlev, Denmark,Corresponding author Peter Vilmann, MD, PhD, DMSci GastroUnit, Department of Surgery, Herlev University HospitalDK 2730 HerlevDenmark+45 38 68 21 64
| | - Paul Frost Clementsen
- Centre for Clinical Education, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen and the Capital Region of Denmark and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
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Konge L, Clementsen PF, Ringsted C, Minddal V, Larsen KR, Annema JT. Simulator training for endobronchial ultrasound: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:1140-9. [PMID: 26160875 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02352-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is very operator dependent and has a long learning curve. Simulation-based training might shorten the learning curve, and an assessment tool with solid validity evidence could ensure basic competency before unsupervised performance.A total of 16 respiratory physicians, without EBUS experience, were randomised to either virtual-reality simulator training or traditional apprenticeship training on patients, and then each physician performed EBUS-TBNA procedures on three patients. Three blinded, independent assessor assessed the video recordings of the procedures using a newly developed EBUS assessment tool (EBUSAT).The internal consistency was high (Cronbach's α=0.95); the generalisability coefficient was good (0.86), and the tool had discriminatory ability (p<0.001). Procedures performed by simulator-trained novices were rated higher than procedures performed by apprenticeship-trained novices: mean±sd are 24.2±7.9 points and 20.2±9.4 points, respectively; p=0.006. A pass/fail standard of 28.9 points was established using the contrasting groups method, resulting in 16 (67%) and 20 (83%) procedures performed by simulator-trained novices and apprenticeship-trained novices failing the test, respectively; p<0.001.The endobronchial ultrasound assessment tool could be used to provide reliable and valid assessment of competence in EBUS-TBNA, and act as an aid in certification. Virtual-reality simulator training was shown to be more effective than traditional apprenticeship training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Konge
- Centre for Clinical Education, University of Copenhagen and The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Charlotte Ringsted
- The Wilson Centre and Dept of Anesthesiology, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Valentina Minddal
- Dept of Pulmonology, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Klaus Richter Larsen
- Dept of Pulmonology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jouke T Annema
- Dept of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Dept of Pulmonology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Vilmann P, Frost Clementsen P, Colella S, Siemsen M, De Leyn P, Dumonceau JM, Herth FJ, Larghi A, Vazquez-Sequeiros E, Hassan C, Crombag L, Korevaar DA, Konge L, Annema JT. Combined endobronchial and esophageal endosonography for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline, in cooperation with the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 48:1-15. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Vilmann P, Clementsen PF, Colella S, Siemsen M, De Leyn P, Dumonceau JM, Herth FJ, Larghi A, Vazquez-Sequeiros E, Hassan C, Crombag L, Korevaar DA, Konge L, Annema JT. Combined endobronchial and oesophageal endosonography for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:40-60. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00064515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Hureaux J, Urban T. [Simulation training in pulmonary medicine: Rationale, review of the literature and perspectives]. Rev Mal Respir 2015; 32:969-84. [PMID: 26003195 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Training in pulmonary medicine requires the acquisition of a great deal of knowledge, but also technical know-how and interpersonal skills. The prevailing teaching pattern is mentorship. It implies a direct transmission of knowledge, but also entails some drawbacks such as disparity in learning opportunities, subjective evaluation of the trainee and potential risks for patients. There is growing interest in simulation training as a teaching technique, where students practice their skills in a secure environment, then analyse their performance in a debriefing session. It is complementary to other learning methods (abstraction, observation or mentorship) and forms part of an ethical approach: 'never practice on a real patient for the first time'. We have reviewed the literature related to simulation training in pulmonary medicine and in particular for physical examination, technical skills, pathologies, communication with patients and therapeutic education. In most of the studies, simulation training is a way of speeding up students' training - without necessarily yielding better results - and of respecting the procedures. We then present the French regulations and official guidelines regarding the use of this training method in the teaching of medicine. Finally, we shall consider some prospects of this approach for the community of pulmonologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hureaux
- LUNAM université, 49000 Angers, France; Angers plateforme hospitalo-universitaire de simulation en santé, 49933 Angers, France; Service de pneumologie, pôle des spécialités médicales et chirurgicales intégrées, CHU d'Angers, université d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933 Angers, France; Inserm UMR-S 1066, micro- et nanomédecines biomimétiques, 49933 Angers, France.
| | - T Urban
- LUNAM université, 49000 Angers, France; Angers plateforme hospitalo-universitaire de simulation en santé, 49933 Angers, France; Service de pneumologie, pôle des spécialités médicales et chirurgicales intégrées, CHU d'Angers, université d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933 Angers, France; Inserm UMR-S 1066, micro- et nanomédecines biomimétiques, 49933 Angers, France
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Lau WFE, Ware R, Herth FJF. Diagnostic evaluation for interventional bronchoscopists and radiologists in lung cancer practice. Respirology 2015; 20:705-14. [PMID: 25823583 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The global epidemic of lung cancer shows no signs of abating. It is generally accepted that accurate and cost-efficient diagnostic evaluation is the first important step to achieve the best outcomes of treatment. This is true in the context of disease confirmation, treatment planning, treatment monitoring, detection of and management of treatment failure or prognostication. Fortunately, major advances in the diagnostic evaluation of lung cancer have been made in the past three decades allowing more patients to get the appropriate treatment at the right time. This paper outlines how computed tomography, positron emission tomography/computed tomography and endobronchial ultrasound contribute to lung cancer management and discuss their strengths and weaknesses and their complimentary roles at different stages of lung cancer management. Due to financial constraint and reimbursement restrictions, not all clinically important advances in the diagnostic evaluation of lung cancer have been readily accepted into routine clinical care. This enforces the need to maintain ongoing dialogue between cancer clinicians, imaging specialists and health-care economists.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Eddie Lau
- Department of Radiology, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rob Ware
- Centre for Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Felix J F Herth
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine Thoraxklinik and Translational Lung Resarch Center (TLRCH), Member of the German Lung Research Foundation (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Konge L, Colella S, Vilmann P, Clementsen PF. How to learn and to perform endoscopic ultrasound and endobronchial ultrasound for lung cancer staging: A structured guide and review. Endosc Ultrasound 2015; 4:4-9. [PMID: 25789278 PMCID: PMC4362002 DOI: 10.4103/2303-9027.151297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The learning of transesophageal ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) (endoscopic ultrasound-FNA), and endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (endosonography) should be based on the following steps: Acquiring theoretical knowledge, training on simulators, and supervised performance on patients. Each step should be completed by passing a validated exam before proceeding to the next step. This approach will assure basic competency on all levels, and testing also facilitates learning and improves retention. Competence in endosonography can be based on a systematic an easy principle consisting of 2 times six anatomical landmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Konge
- Centre for Clinical Education, University of Copenaghen and The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenaghen, Denmark
| | - Sara Colella
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Peter Vilmann
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Copenaghen University Hospital, Herlev, Copenaghen, Denmark
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Konge L, Ringsted C, Bjerrum F, Tolsgaard MG, Bitsch M, Sørensen JL, Schroeder TV. The Simulation Centre at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2015; 72:362-5. [PMID: 25725952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Konge
- Centre for Clinical Education, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Charlotte Ringsted
- Centre for Clinical Education, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; The Wilson Centre, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Flemming Bjerrum
- JMC Simulation Unit, The Juliane Marie Centre for Children, Women and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin G Tolsgaard
- Centre for Clinical Education, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; JMC Simulation Unit, The Juliane Marie Centre for Children, Women and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikael Bitsch
- Centre for Clinical Education, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jette L Sørensen
- JMC Simulation Unit, The Juliane Marie Centre for Children, Women and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben V Schroeder
- Centre for Clinical Education, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tolsgaard MG, Madsen ME, Ringsted C, Oxlund BS, Oldenburg A, Sorensen JL, Ottesen B, Tabor A. The effect of dyad versus individual simulation-based ultrasound training on skills transfer. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2015; 49:286-95. [PMID: 25693988 PMCID: PMC5024026 DOI: 10.1111/medu.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dyad practice may be as effective as individual practice during clinical skills training, improve students' confidence, and reduce costs of training. However, there is little evidence that dyad training is non-inferior to single-student practice in terms of skills transfer. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of simulation-based ultrasound training in pairs (dyad practice) with that of training alone (single-student practice) on skills transfer. METHODS In a non-inferiority trial, 30 ultrasound novices were randomised to dyad (n = 16) or single-student (n = 14) practice. All participants completed a 2-hour training programme on a transvaginal ultrasound simulator. Participants in the dyad group practised together and took turns as the active practitioner, whereas participants in the single group practised alone. Performance improvements were evaluated through pre-, post- and transfer tests. The transfer test involved the assessment of a transvaginal ultrasound scan by one of two clinicians using the Objective Structured Assessment of Ultrasound Skills (OSAUS). RESULTS Thirty participants completed the simulation-based training and 24 of these completed the transfer test. Dyad training was found to be non-inferior to single-student training: transfer test OSAUS scores were significantly higher than the pre-specified non-inferiority margin (delta score 7.8%, 95% confidence interval -3.8-19.6%; p = 0.04). More dyad (71.4%) than single (30.0%) trainees achieved OSAUS scores above a pre-established pass/fail level in the transfer test (p = 0.05). There were significant differences in performance scores before and after training in both groups (pre- versus post-test, p < 0.01) with large effect sizes (Cohen's d = 3.85) and no significant interactions between training type and performance (p = 0.59). The dyad group demonstrated higher training efficiency in terms of simulator score per number of attempts compared with the single-student group (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Dyad practice improves the efficiency of simulation-based training and is non-inferior to individual practice in terms of skills transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Tolsgaard
- Department of ObstetricsJuliane Marie CentreRigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Centre for Clinical EducationCapital Region and University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mette E Madsen
- Department of ObstetricsJuliane Marie CentreRigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Charlotte Ringsted
- Department of AnaesthesiaUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Wilson CentreUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Birgitte S Oxlund
- Department of ObstetricsJuliane Marie CentreRigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Anna Oldenburg
- Department of ObstetricsJuliane Marie CentreRigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jette L Sorensen
- Department of ObstetricsJuliane Marie CentreRigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Bent Ottesen
- Department of ObstetricsJuliane Marie CentreRigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ann Tabor
- Department of ObstetricsJuliane Marie CentreRigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Colella S, Søndergaard Svendsen MB, Konge L, Svendsen LB, Sivapalan P, Clementsen P. Assessment of competence in simulated flexible bronchoscopy using motion analysis. Respiration 2015; 89:155-61. [PMID: 25591730 DOI: 10.1159/000369471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flexible bronchoscopy should be performed with a correct posture and a straight scope to optimize bronchoscopy performance and at the same time minimize the risk of work-related injuries and endoscope damage. OBJECTIVES We aimed to test whether an automatic motion analysis system could be used to explore if there is a correlation in scope movements and the operator's level of experience. Our hypothesis was that experienced bronchoscopists move less and keep the flexible scope straighter than less-experienced bronchoscopists while performing procedures. METHODS Eleven novices, 9 intermediates and 9 experienced bronchoscopy operators performed 3 procedures each on a bronchoscopy simulator. The Microsoft Kinect system was used to automatically measure the total deviation of the scope from a perfectly straight, vertical line. RESULTS The low-cost motion analysis system could measure the accumulated deviation of the scope precisely during the procedure. The deviations were greatest for the novices and smallest for the most experienced operators for all 3 procedures (p = 0.01, p = 0.01 and p = 0.04, respectively). The total deviation from the straight scope correlated negatively with the performance on the simulator (virtual-reality simulator score; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The motion analysis system could discriminate between different levels of experience. Automatic feedback on correct movements during self-directed training on simulators might help new bronchoscopists learn how to handle the bronchoscope like an expert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Colella
- Department of Pulmonology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
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Preisler L, Svendsen MBS, Nerup N, Svendsen LB, Konge L. Simulation-based training for colonoscopy: establishing criteria for competency. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e440. [PMID: 25634177 PMCID: PMC4602958 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to create simulation-based tests with credible pass/fail standards for 2 different fidelities of colonoscopy models. Only competent practitioners should perform colonoscopy. Reliable and valid simulation-based tests could be used to establish basic competency in colonoscopy before practicing on patients. Twenty-five physicians (10 consultants with endoscopic experience and 15 fellows with very little endoscopic experience) were tested on 2 different simulator models: a virtual-reality simulator and a physical model. Tests were repeated twice on each simulator model. Metrics with discriminatory ability were identified for both modalities and reliability was determined. The contrasting-groups method was used to create pass/fail standards and the consequences of these were explored. The consultants significantly performed faster and scored higher than the fellows on both the models (P < 0.001). Reliability analysis showed Cronbach α = 0.80 and 0.87 for the virtual-reality and the physical model, respectively. The established pass/fail standards failed one of the consultants (virtual-reality simulator) and allowed one fellow to pass (physical model). The 2 tested simulations-based modalities provided reliable and valid assessments of competence in colonoscopy and credible pass/fail standards were established for both the tests. We propose to use these standards in simulation-based training programs before proceeding to supervised training on patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Preisler
- From the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and transplantation, Rigshospitalet, and Copenhagen University (LP,LBS), Centre for Clinical Education (CEKU) and Copenhagen University (MBSS,LK), Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, University hospital of Herlev (NN), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, The Capital Region of Denmark
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Stather DR, Chee A, MacEachern P, Dumoulin E, Hergott CA, Gelberg J, Folch E, Majid A, Gonzalez AV, Tremblay A. Endobronchial ultrasound learning curve in interventional pulmonary fellows. Respirology 2014; 20:333-9. [PMID: 25488151 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Little published data exist regarding the learning curve for endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). We sought to assess the improvement in skill as trainees learned EBUS-TBNA in a clinical setting. METHODS This is a multicentre cohort study of EBUS-TBNA technical skill of interventional pulmonology (IP) fellows as assessed with EBUS-TBNA computer simulator testing every 25 clinical cases throughout IP fellowship training. RESULTS Nine fellows from three academic centres in the United States and Canada were enrolled in the study. Ongoing improvements were seen for EBUS-TBNA efficiency score and percentage of lymph nodes correctly identified on ultrasound exam, even after 200 clinical cases. Expert-level technical skill was obtained for EBUS efficiency score and for percentage of lymph nodes correctly identified on ultrasound exam at a median of 212 and 164 procedures, respectively; however, 33% of fellows did not achieve expert-level technical skill for either metric during their fellowship training. Significant variation in learning curves of the fellows was observed. CONCLUSIONS Significant variation is seen in the EBUS-TBNA learning curves of individual IP fellows and for individual procedure components, with ongoing improvement in EBUS-TBNA skill even after 200 clinical cases. These results highlight the need for validated, objective measures of individual competence, and can assist training programmes in ensuring adequate procedure volumes required for a majority of trainees to successfully complete these assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Stather
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Madsen ME, Konge L, Nørgaard LN, Tabor A, Ringsted C, Klemmensen AK, Ottesen B, Tolsgaard MG. Assessment of performance measures and learning curves for use of a virtual-reality ultrasound simulator in transvaginal ultrasound examination. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2014; 44:693-9. [PMID: 24789453 DOI: 10.1002/uog.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the validity and reliability of performance measures, develop credible performance standards and explore learning curves for a virtual-reality simulator designed for transvaginal gynecological ultrasound examination. METHODS A group of 16 ultrasound novices, along with a group of 12 obstetrics/gynecology (Ob/Gyn) consultants, were included in this experimental study. The first two performances of the two groups on seven selected modules on a high-fidelity ultrasound simulator were used to identify valid and reliable metrics. Performance standards were determined and novices were instructed to continue practicing until they attained the performance level of an expert subgroup (n = 4). RESULTS All 28 participants completed the selected modules twice and all novices reached the expert performance level. Of 153 metrics, 48 were able to be used to discriminate between the two groups' performance. The ultrasound novices scored a median of 43.8% (range, 17.9-68.9%) and the Ob/Gyn consultants scored a median of 82.8% (range, 60.4-91.7%) of the maximum sum score (P < 0.001). The ultrasound novices reached the expert level (88.4%) within a median of five iterations (range, 5-6), corresponding to an average of 219 min (range, 150-251 min) of training. The test/retest reliability was high, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.93. CONCLUSIONS Competence in the performance of gynecological ultrasound examination can be assessed in a valid and reliable way using virtual-reality simulation. The novices' performance improved with practice and their learning curves plateaued at the level of expert performance, following between 3 and 4 h of simulator training.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Madsen
- Department of Obstetrics, Juliane Marie Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bellinger CR, Chatterjee AB, Adair N, Houle T, Khan I, Haponik E. Training in and experience with endobronchial ultrasound. Respiration 2014; 88:478-83. [PMID: 25402619 DOI: 10.1159/000368366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosing mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy and staging lung cancer with endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) are on the rise, but uncertainty surrounds the optimal number of cases needed to achieve acceptable yields. OBJECTIVES To determine the threshold at which EBUS-TBNA reaches adequate yields among trainees and skilled bronchoscopists. METHODS We reviewed all EBUS-TBNAs performed at our medical center since implementing the use of EBUS (n = 222). RESULTS EBUS-TBNAs were performed in 222 patients (344 nodes). The percentage of adequate specimens sampled (diagnostic specimens or nodal tissue) rose from 66% in 2008 to 90% in 2012 (p < 0.01) and cancer yield improved from 34% in 2008 to 48% in 2012 (p < 0.01). Attending physicians who performed an average of more than 10 procedures per year had higher yields compared to those who performed fewer than 10 procedures per year (86 vs. 68%, p < 0.01). The yield of trainees also improved with every 10 procedures (79, 90 and 95%, p < 0.001) and that of attending physicians with experience (1-25 procedures: 78% yield, 26-50 procedures: 87% yield and 50+ procedures: 90% yield; p < 0.01). Among trainees, failure rates declined steadily. CONCLUSION EBUS-TBNA yield (malignant and benign) increases with increasing experience amongst experienced bronchoscopists and trainees as early as the first 20-25 procedures. Pulmonary trainees had a rapid decline in failure rates. These findings suggest that in an academic environment a minimum of 20-25 procedures is needed to achieve acceptable yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R Bellinger
- Department of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston Salem, N.C., USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Internal fixation of hip fractures is a common and important procedure that orthopedic surgeons must master early in their career. Virtual-reality training could improve initial skills, and a simulation-based test would make it possible to ensure basic competency of junior surgeons before they proceed to supervised practice on patients. The aim of this study was to develop a reliable and valid test with credible pass/fail standards. METHODS 20 physicians (10 untrained novices and 10 experienced orthopedic surgeons) each performed 3 internal fixation procedures of an undisplaced femoral neck fracture: 2 hook-pins, 2 screws, and a sliding hip screw. All procedures were preformed on a trauma simulator. Performance scores for each procedure were obtained from the predefined metrics of the simulator. The inter-case reliability of the simulator metrics was explored by calculation of intra-class correlation coefficient. Validity was explored by comparison between novices' and experts' scores using independent-samples t-test. A pass/fail standard was set by the contrasting-groups method and the consequences were explored. RESULTS The percentage of maximum combined score (PM score) showed an inter-case reliability of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.65-0.93) between the 3 procedures. The mean PM score was 30% (CI: 7-53) for the novices and 76% (CI: 68-83) for the experienced surgeons. The pass/fail standard was set at 58%, resulting in none of the novices passing the test and a single experienced surgeon failing the test. INTERPRETATION The simulation-based test was reliable and valid in our setting, and the pass/fail standard could discriminate between novices and experienced surgeons. Potentially, training and testing of future junior surgeons on a virtual-reality simulator could ensure basic competency before proceeding to supervised practice on patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul Pedersen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital of Nykøbing F
| | - Henrik Palm
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ringsted
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, The Wilson Center, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lars Konge
- Center for Clinical Education, University of Copenhagen and the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Savran MM, Clementsen PF, Annema JT, Minddal V, Larsen KR, Park YS, Konge L. Development and Validation of a Theoretical Test in Endosonography for Pulmonary Diseases. Respiration 2014; 88:67-73. [DOI: 10.1159/000362884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Tolsgaard MG, Ringsted C, Dreisler E, Klemmensen A, Loft A, Sorensen JL, Ottesen B, Tabor A. Reliable and valid assessment of ultrasound operator competence in obstetrics and gynecology. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2014; 43:437-43. [PMID: 23996613 DOI: 10.1002/uog.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the reliability and validity of a recently developed instrument for assessment of ultrasound operator competence, the Objective Structured Assessment of Ultrasound Skills (OSAUS). METHODS Three groups of 10 doctors with different levels of ultrasound experience in obstetrics and gynecology were included. The novices had less than 1 month of experience, the intermediate group had 12-60 months of experience and the senior participants were all consultants. Fifteen participants performed transabdominal fetal biometry and the other 15 participants performed systematic transvaginal gynecological ultrasound scans. All scans were video-recorded and assessed by two blinded consultants using the OSAUS scale. The OSAUS scores were compared between the groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and pass/fail scores were determined using the contrasting-groups method of standard setting. RESULTS For the transabdominal fetal biometry examinations, the mean ± SD OSAUS scores of the novices, intermediates and senior participants were 1.5 ± 0.4, 3.3 ± 0.6 and 4.4 ± 0.4, respectively (P = 0.003). For the systematic transvaginal scans, the mean ± SD OSAUS scores of the novices, intermediates and senior participants were 1.8 ± 0.2, 3.1 ± 0.1 and 3.9 ± 0.5, respectively (P = 0.003). Post-hoc comparisons showed significant differences between each of the groups for both types of scans. The pass/fail score was 2.5 for the transvaginal scan and 3.0 for the transabdominal biometry examinations. The inter-rater reliability was 0.89. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound competence can be assessed in a reliable and valid way using the OSAUS scale. The pass/fail scores may be used to help determine when trainees are qualified for independent practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Tolsgaard
- Department of Obstetrics, Juliane Marie Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jeyabalan A, Medford ARL. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration: patient satisfaction under light conscious sedation. Respiration 2014; 88:244-50. [PMID: 25170748 DOI: 10.1159/000363063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is an increasingly used mediastinal sampling technique. Many centres use conscious sedation in an ambulatory setting to optimise the flow of patients, save costs and shorten recovery time. The only EBUS-TBNA patient satisfaction study published so far used deep conscious sedation with propofol. To our knowledge, ours is the largest prospective study evaluating the experience of patients undergoing EBUS-TBNA using light conscious sedation without propofol. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the patient tolerability of EBUS-TBNA under mild conscious sedation. METHODS Eighty-two consecutive patients between January 2011 and November 2011 requiring EBUS-TBNA under light conscious sedation for either mediastinal staging of lung cancer or the diagnosis of suspected mediastinal disease due to malignancy or granulomatous disease were invited to complete a questionnaire after the intervention. The collection of data included the diagnostic yield, the number and size of nodes sampled and the dose of sedative medication administered. RESULTS The average dose of sedative agents administered was 59.4 μg fentanyl and 3.2 mg midazolam. The sensitivity of EBUS-TBNA for the cancer staging, cancer diagnosis and granulomatous disease cohorts was 90.0, 94.1 and 87.5%, respectively. The most commonly reported symptom was a cough in 65 (93%) patients. Of these patients, 46 (71%) described the severity as being mild. All but 9 patients (61/70 or 87%) stated that they would definitely or probably undergo a repeat EBUS-TBNA. CONCLUSIONS This single-centre UK study confirms that EBUS-TBNA under light conscious sedation is a well-tolerated procedure maintaining the expected diagnostic performance, with patients reporting a high degree of satisfaction with both the test and the information received beforehand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiramy Jeyabalan
- North Bristol Lung Centre, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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