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Jacques F, Tichopád T, Demko M, Bystrý V, Křížová KC, Seifertová M, Voříšková K, Fuad MMH, Vetešník L, Šimková A. Reproduction-associated pathways in females of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) shed light on the molecular mechanisms of the coexistence of asexual and sexual reproduction. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:548. [PMID: 38824502 PMCID: PMC11144346 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) is a cyprinid fish that originated in eastern Eurasia and is considered as invasive in European freshwater ecosystems. The populations of gibel carp in Europe are mostly composed of asexually reproducing triploid females (i.e., reproducing by gynogenesis) and sexually reproducing diploid females and males. Although some cases of coexisting sexual and asexual reproductive forms are known in vertebrates, the molecular mechanisms maintaining such coexistence are still in question. Both reproduction modes are supposed to exhibit evolutionary and ecological advantages and disadvantages. To better understand the coexistence of these two reproduction strategies, we performed transcriptome profile analysis of gonad tissues (ovaries) and studied the differentially expressed reproduction-associated genes in sexual and asexual females. We used high-throughput RNA sequencing to generate transcriptomic profiles of gonadal tissues of triploid asexual females and males, diploid sexual males and females of gibel carp, as well as diploid individuals from two closely-related species, C. auratus and Cyprinus carpio. Using SNP clustering, we showed the close similarity of C. gibelio and C. auratus with a basal position of C. carpio to both Carassius species. Using transcriptome profile analyses, we showed that many genes and pathways are involved in both gynogenetic and sexual reproduction in C. gibelio; however, we also found that 1500 genes, including 100 genes involved in cell cycle control, meiosis, oogenesis, embryogenesis, fertilization, steroid hormone signaling, and biosynthesis were differently expressed in the ovaries of asexual and sexual females. We suggest that the overall downregulation of reproduction-associated pathways in asexual females, and their maintenance in sexual ones, allows the populations of C. gibelio to combine the evolutionary and ecological advantages of the two reproductive strategies. However, we showed that many sexual-reproduction-related genes are maintained and expressed in asexual females, suggesting that gynogenetic gibel carp retains the genetic toolkits for meiosis and sexual reproduction. These findings shed new light on the evolution of this asexual and sexual complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Jacques
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Tichopád
- Laboratory of Non-Mendelian Evolution, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany, 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Demko
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Bystrý
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kristína Civáňová Křížová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Seifertová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Voříšková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan Fuad
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Vetešník
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Science, Květná 8, Brno, 603 65, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Šimková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
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Booker WW, Schrider DR. The genetic consequences of range expansion and its influence on diploidization in polyploids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.18.562992. [PMID: 37905020 PMCID: PMC10614938 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.562992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite newly formed polyploids being subjected to myriad fitness consequences, the relative prevalence of polyploidy both contemporarily and in ancestral branches of the tree of life suggests alternative advantages that outweigh these consequences. One proposed advantage is that polyploids may more easily colonize novel habitats such as deglaciated areas. However, previous research conducted in diploids suggests that range expansion comes with a fitness cost as deleterious mutations may fix rapidly on the expansion front. Here, we interrogate the potential consequences of expansion in polyploids by conducting spatially explicit forward-in-time simulations to investigate how ploidy and inheritance patterns impact the relative ability of polyploids to expand their range. We show that under realistic dominance models, autopolyploids suffer greater fitness reductions than diploids as a result of range expansion due to the fixation of increased mutational load that is masked in the range core. Alternatively, the disomic inheritance of allopolyploids provides a shield to this fixation resulting in minimal fitness consequences. In light of this advantage provided by disomy, we investigate how range expansion may influence cytogenetic diploidization through the reversion to disomy in autotetraploids. We show that under a wide range of parameters investigated for two models of diploidization, disomy frequently evolves more rapidly on the expansion front than in the range core, and that this dynamic inheritance model has additional effects on fitness. Together our results point to a complex interaction between dominance, ploidy, inheritance, and recombination on fitness as a population spreads across a geographic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W. Booker
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514-2916, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Schrider
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27514-2916, United States of America
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Ou Y, Li H, Li J, Dai X, He J, Wang S, Liu Q, Yang C, Wang J, Zhao R, Yin Z, Shu Y, Liu S. Formation of Different Polyploids Through Disrupting Meiotic Crossover Frequencies Based on cntd1 Knockout in Zebrafish. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae047. [PMID: 38421617 PMCID: PMC10939445 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy, a significant catalyst for speciation and evolutionary processes in both plant and animal kingdoms, has been recognized for a long time. However, the exact molecular mechanism that leads to polyploid formation, especially in vertebrates, is not fully understood. Our study aimed to elucidate this phenomenon using the zebrafish model. We successfully achieved an effective knockout of the cyclin N-terminal domain containing 1 (cntd1) using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. This resulted in impaired formation of meiotic crossovers, leading to cell-cycle arrest during meiotic metaphase and triggering apoptosis of spermatocytes in the testes. Despite these defects, the mutant (cntd1-/-) males were still able to produce a limited amount of sperm with normal ploidy and function. Interestingly, in the mutant females, it was the ploidy not the capacity of egg production that was altered. This resulted in the production of haploid, aneuploid, and unreduced gametes. This alteration enabled us to successfully obtain triploid and tetraploid zebrafish from cntd1-/- and cntd1-/-/- females, respectively. Furthermore, the tetraploid-heterozygous zebrafish produced reduced-diploid gametes and yielded all-triploid or all-tetraploid offspring when crossed with wild-type (WT) or tetraploid zebrafish, respectively. Collectively, our findings provide direct evidence supporting the crucial role of meiotic crossover defects in the process of polyploidization. This is particularly evident in the generation of unreduced eggs in fish and, potentially, other vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Huilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xiangyan Dai
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiaxin He
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Conghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Rurong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Zhan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yuqin Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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Lu M, Zhou L, Gui JF. Evolutionary mechanisms and practical significance of reproductive success and clonal diversity in unisexual vertebrate polyploids. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:449-459. [PMID: 38198030 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Unisexual reproduction is generally relevant to polyploidy, and unisexual vertebrates are often considered an evolutionary "dead end" due to the accumulation of deleterious mutations and absence of genetic diversity. However, some unisexual polyploids have developed strategies to avoid genomic decay, and thus provide ideal models to unveil unexplored evolutionary mechanisms, from the reproductive success to clonal diversity creation. This article reviews the evolutionary mechanisms for overcoming meiotic barrier and generating genetic diversity in unisexual vertebrates, and summarizes recent research advancements in the polyploid Carassius complex. Gynogenetic gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) is a unique amphitriploid that has undergone a recurrent autotriploidy and has overcome the bottleneck of triploid sterility via gynogenesis. Recently, an efficient strategy in which ploidy changes, including from amphitriploid to amphitetraploid, then from amphitetraploid to novel amphitriploid, drive unisexual-sexual-unisexual reproduction transition and clonal diversity has been revealed. Based on this new discovery, multigenomic reconstruction biotechnology has been used to breed a novel strain with superior growth and stronger disease resistance. Moreover, a unique reproduction mode that combines both abilities of ameiotic oogenesis and sperm-egg fusion, termed as ameio-fusiongensis, has been discovered, and it provides an efficient approach to synthesize sterile allopolyploids. In order to avoid ecological risks upon escape and protect the sustainable property rights of the aquaculture seed industry, a controllable fertility biotechnology approach for precise breeding is being developed by integrating sterile allopolyploid synthesis and gene-editing techniques. This review provides novel insights into the origin and evolution of unisexual vertebrates and into the attempts being made to exploit new breeding biotechnologies in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Leung K, van de Zande L, Beukeboom LW. Effects of polyploidization and their evolutionary implications are revealed by heritable polyploidy in the haplodiploid wasp Nasonia vitripennis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288278. [PMID: 37917617 PMCID: PMC10621845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent polyploidization occurred in the evolutionary history of most Eukaryota. However, how neopolyploid detriment (sterility, gigantism, gene dosage imbalances) has been overcome and even been bridged to evolutionary advantage (gene network diversification, mass radiation, range expansion) is largely unknown, particularly for animals. We used the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis, a rare insect system with heritable polyploidy, to begin addressing this knowledge gap. In Hymenoptera the sexes have different ploidies (haploid males, diploid females) and neopolyploids (diploid males, triploid females) occur for various species. Although such polyploids are usually sterile, those of N. vitripennis are reproductively capable and can even establish stable polyploid lines. To assess the effects of polyploidization, we compared a long-established polyploid line, the Whiting polyploid line (WPL) and a newly generated transformer knockdown line (tKDL) for fitness traits, absolute gene expression, and cell size and number. WPL polyploids have high male fitness and low female fecundity, while tKDL polyploids have poor male mate competition ability and high fertility. WPL has larger cells and cell number reduction, but the tKDL does not differ in this respect. Expression analyses of two housekeeping genes indicated that gene dosage is linked to sex irrespective of ploidy. Our study suggests that polyploid phenotypic variation may explain why some polyploid lineages thrive and others die out; a commonly proposed but difficult-to-test hypothesis. This documentation of diploid males (tKDL) with impaired competitive mating ability; triploid females with high fitness variation; and hymenopteran sexual dosage compensation (despite the lack of sex chromosomes) all challenges general assumptions on hymenopteran biology. We conclude that polyploidization is dependent on the duplicated genome characteristics and that genomes of different lines are unequally suited to survive diploidization. These results demonstrate the utility of N. vitripennis for delineating mechanisms of animal polyploid evolution, analogous to more advanced polyploid plant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley Leung
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Louis van de Zande
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo W. Beukeboom
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Janko K, Mikulíček P, Hobza R, Schlupp I. Sperm-dependent asexual species and their role in ecology and evolution. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10522. [PMID: 37780083 PMCID: PMC10534198 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is the primary mode of reproduction in eukaryotes, but some organisms have evolved deviations from classical sex and switched to asexuality. These asexual lineages have sometimes been viewed as evolutionary dead ends, but recent research has revealed their importance in many areas of general biology. Our review explores the understudied, yet important mechanisms by which sperm-dependent asexuals that produce non-recombined gametes but rely on their fertilization, can have a significant impact on the evolution of coexisting sexual species and ecosystems. These impacts are concentrated around three major fields. Firstly, sperm-dependent asexuals can potentially impact the gene pool of coexisting sexual species by either restricting their population sizes or by providing bridges for interspecific gene flow whose type and consequences substantially differ from gene flow mechanisms expected under sexual reproduction. Secondly, they may impact on sexuals' diversification rates either directly, by serving as stepping-stones in speciation, or indirectly, by promoting the formation of pre- and postzygotic reproduction barriers among nascent species. Thirdly, they can potentially impact on spatial distribution of species, via direct or indirect (apparent) types of competition and Allee effects. For each such mechanism, we provide empirical examples of how natural sperm-dependent asexuals impact the evolution of their sexual counterparts. In particular, we highlight that these broad effects may last beyond the tenure of the individual asexual lineages causing them, which challenges the traditional perception that asexual lineages are short-lived evolutionary dead ends and minor sideshows. Our review also proposes new research directions to incorporate the aforementioned impacts of sperm-dependent asexuals. These research directions will ultimately enhance our understanding of the evolution of genomes and biological interactions in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Janko
- Laboratory of Non‐Mendelian Evolution, Institute of Animal Physiology and GeneticsAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicLiběchovCzech Republic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of OstravaOstravaCzech Republic
| | - Peter Mikulíček
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius University in BratislavaBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Roman Hobza
- Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of BiophysicsAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Ingo Schlupp
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OklahomaOklahomaNormanUSA
- Department of BiologyInternational Stock Center for Livebearing FishesOklahomaNormanUSA
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Chmielewska M, Kaźmierczak M, Rozenblut-Kościsty B, Kolenda K, Dudzik A, Dedukh D, Ogielska M. Genome elimination from the germline cells in diploid and triploid male water frogs Pelophylax esculentus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1008506. [PMID: 36313575 PMCID: PMC9615423 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1008506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridogenesis is a hemiclonal reproductive strategy in diploid and triploid hybrids. Our study model is a frog P. esculentus (diploid RL and triploids RLL and RRL), a natural hybrid between P. lessonae (LL) and P. ridibundus (RR). Hybridogenesis relies on elimination of one genome (L or R) from gonocytes (G) in tadpole gonads during prespermatogenesis, but not from spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in adults. Here we provide the first comprehensive study of testis morphology combined with chromosome composition in the full spectrum of spermatogenic cells. Using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and FISH we determined genomes in metaphase plates and interphase nuclei in Gs and SSCs. We traced genomic composition of SSCs, spermatocytes and spermatozoa in individual adult males that were crossed with females of the parental species and gave progeny. Degenerating gonocytes (24%–39%) and SSCs (18%–20%) led to partial sterility of juvenile and adult gonads. We conclude that elimination and endoreplication not properly completed during prespermatogenesis may be halted when gonocytes become dormant in juveniles. After resumption of mitotic divisions by SSCs in adults, these 20% of cells with successful genome elimination and endoreplication continue spermatogenesis, while in about 80% spermatogenesis is deficient. Majority of abnormal cells are eliminated by cell death, however some of them give rise to aneuploid spermatocytes and spermatozoa which shows that hybridogenesis is a wasteful process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chmielewska
- Amphibian Biology Group, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
- *Correspondence: Magdalena Chmielewska,
| | - Mikołaj Kaźmierczak
- Amphibian Biology Group, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Medicine Biology, The Cardinal Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Rozenblut-Kościsty
- Amphibian Biology Group, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kolenda
- Amphibian Biology Group, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Dudzik
- Amphibian Biology Group, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dmitrij Dedukh
- Laboratory of Non-Mendelian Evolution, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Ogielska
- Amphibian Biology Group, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Shen Y, Wang Z, Yang X, Zheng L, Wen M, Han Y, Li X, Zhang L, Wang J, You J, Jiang C, Su L, Fan X, Wang D. Novel classification for simple peripheral arteriovenous malformations based on anatomic localization: Prevalence data from the tertiary referral center in China. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:935313. [PMID: 35942181 PMCID: PMC9356220 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.935313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In absence of the large-sample study of simple peripheral arteriovenous malfomations (pAVM), we aimed to perform the epidemiological analysis of over 1,000 simple pAVM patients from our center in the past 5 years, and establish a novel classification based on the anatomical localization of the primary lesion. Results Between March 27, 2016, and March 31, 2021, Chinese patients who were diagnosed with simple pAVM were taken into account. Those who suffered from simple arteriovenous malformations of the central nervous system (cnsAVM), combined types of AVM, and syndromes, such as CLOVES syndrome, etc. were all excluded from this study. A total of 1,070 simple pAVM patients were screened out. All of the simple pAVM patients were diagnosed by clinical manifestations and imaging examinations. Demographic data were obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics of China. The 5-year prevalence of simple pAVM was about (2.15–6.60) /1,000,000 population. The male-female ratio was approximately 1.22:1. The pAVM inpatients that were included in the age group of 21~30 years old had the highest constituent ratio (P = 0.01). The classification included four groups: Type I (primarily occurring in soft tissue); Type II (primarily occurring in bone); Type III (primarily occurring in the viscus) and Type IV (simple pAVM coexisting with CNS lesions). There were two subtypes of Type I: the A subtype (involving one major anatomical region) and the B subtype (involving two or more major anatomical regions); two subtypes of Type II: the A subtype (the cortex was intact) and the B subtype (the lesion had broken through the cortex). Generally, 657 patients were classified as Type IA (61.4%), 232 patients were Type IB (21.7%), 82 patients were Type IIA (7.7%) and 79 were categorized as Type IIB (7.4%); the number of patients who had Type III and Type IV pAVM were 9 (0.8%) and 11 (1.0%), respectively. The clinical manifestations and diagnostic standards for each type were also systematically summarized. Conclusions Prevalence data for simple pAVM were analyzed, and a novel classification was proposed based on the anatomy of the lesions. The present work was expected to facilitate the diagnosis of simple pAVM in clinical works.
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Arakelyan M, Spangenberg V, Petrosyan V, Ryskov A, Kolomiets O, Galoyan E. Evolution of parthenogenetic reproduction in Caucasian rock lizards: A review. Curr Zool 2022; 69:128-135. [PMID: 37091994 PMCID: PMC10120964 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Despite numerous works devoted to hybrid origin of parthenogenesis in reptiles, the causes of hybridization between different species, resulting in the origin of parthenogenetic forms, remain uncertain. Recent studies demonstrate that sexual species considered parental to parthenogenetic rock lizards (Darevskia spp) avoid interspecific mating in the secondary overlap areas. A specific combination of environmental factors during last glaciation period was critical for ectotherms, which led to a change in their distribution and sex ratio. Biased population structure (e.g., male bias) and limited available distributional range favoured the deviation of reproductive behaviour when species switched to interspecific mates. To date, at least seven diploid parthenogenetic species of rock lizards (Darevskia, Lacertidae) originated through interspecific hybridization in the past. The cytogenetic specifics of meiosis, in particular the weak checkpoints of prophase I, may have allowed the formation of hybrid karyotypes in rock lizards. Hybridization and polyploidization are two important evolutionary forces in the genus Darevskia. At present, throughout backcrossing between parthenogenetic and parental species, the triploid and tetraploid hybrid individuals appear annually, but no triploid species found among Darevskia spp on current stage of evolution. The speciation by hybridization with the long-term stage of diploid parthenogenetic species, non-distorted meiosis, together with the high ecological plasticity of Caucasian rock lizards provide us with a new model for considering the pathways and persistence of the evolution of parthenogenesis in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Arakelyan
- Department of Zoology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | | | - Varos Petrosyan
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Eduard Galoyan
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, Russia
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Tichopád T, Franěk R, Doležálková-Kaštánková M, Dedukh D, Marta A, Halačka K, Steinbach C, Janko K, Pšenička M. Clonal gametogenesis is triggered by intrinsic stimuli in the hybrid's germ cells but is dependent on sex differentiation. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:446-457. [PMID: 35416937 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization may trigger the transition from sexual reproduction to asexuality, but mechanistic reasons for such a change in a hybrid's reproduction are poorly understood. Gametogenesis of many asexual hybrids involves a stage of premeiotic endoreduplication (PMER), when gonial cells duplicate chromosomes and subsequent meiotic divisions involve bivalents between identical copies, leading to production of clonal gametes. Here, we investigated the triggers of PMER and whether its induction is linked to intrinsic stimuli within a hybrid's gonial cells or whether it is regulated by the surrounding gonadal tissue. We investigated gametogenesis in the Cobitis taenia hybrid complex, which involves sexually reproducing species (Cobitis elongatoides and C. taenia) as well as their hybrids, where females reproduce clonally via PMER while males are sterile. We transplanted spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) from C. elongatoides and triploid hybrid males into embryos of sexual species and of asexual hybrid females, respectively, and observed their development in an allospecific gonadal environment. Sexual SSCs underwent regular meiosis and produced normally reduced gametes when transplanted into clonal females. On the other hand, the hybrid's SSCs lead to sterility when transplanted into sexual males, but maintained their ability to undergo asexual development (PMER) and production of clonal eggs, when transplanted into sexual females. This suggests that asexual gametogenesis is under complex control when somatic gonadal tissue indirectly affects the execution of asexual development by determining the sexual differentiation of stem cells and once such cells develop to female phenotypes, hybrid germ cells trigger the PMER from their intrinsic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Tichopád
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Franěk
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Doležálková-Kaštánková
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitrij Dedukh
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Anatolie Marta
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Zoology, Academy of Science of Moldova, MD-2028, Academiei 1, 2001 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Karel Halačka
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic.,Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christoph Steinbach
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Janko
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pšenička
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
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11
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Dedukh D, Altmanová M, Klíma J, Kratochvíl L. Premeiotic endoreplication is essential for obligate parthenogenesis in geckos. Development 2022; 149:274975. [PMID: 35388415 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obligate parthenogenesis evolved in reptiles convergently several times, mainly through interspecific hybridization. The obligate parthenogenetic complexes typically include both diploid and triploid lineages. Offspring of parthenogenetic hybrids are genetic copies of their mother; however, the cellular mechanism enabling the production of unreduced cells is largely unknown. Here, we show that oocytes go through meiosis in three widespread, or even strongly invasive, obligate parthenogenetic complexes of geckos, namely in diploid and triploid Lepidodactylus lugubris, and triploid Hemiphyllodactylus typus and Heteronotia binoei. In all four lineages, the majority of oocytes enter the pachytene at the original ploidy level, but their chromosomes cannot pair properly and instead form univalents, bivalents and multivalents. Unreduced eggs with clonally inherited genomes are formed from germ cells that had undergone premeiotic endoreplication, in which appropriate segregation is ensured by the formation of bivalents made from copies of identical chromosomes. We conclude that the induction of premeiotic endoreplication in reptiles was independently co-opted at least four times as an essential component of parthenogenetic reproduction and that this mechanism enables the emergence of fertile polyploid lineages within parthenogenetic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrij Dedukh
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Altmanová
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Klíma
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kratochvíl
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
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12
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Dedukh D, Krasikova A. Delete and survive: strategies of programmed genetic material elimination in eukaryotes. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:195-216. [PMID: 34542224 PMCID: PMC9292451 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome stability is a crucial feature of eukaryotic organisms because its alteration drastically affects the normal development and survival of cells and the organism as a whole. Nevertheless, some organisms can selectively eliminate part of their genomes from certain cell types during specific stages of ontogenesis. This review aims to describe the phenomenon of programmed DNA elimination, which includes chromatin diminution (together with programmed genome rearrangement or DNA rearrangements), B and sex chromosome elimination, paternal genome elimination, parasitically induced genome elimination, and genome elimination in animal and plant hybrids. During programmed DNA elimination, individual chromosomal fragments, whole chromosomes, and even entire parental genomes can be selectively removed. Programmed DNA elimination occurs independently in different organisms, ranging from ciliate protozoa to mammals. Depending on the sequences destined for exclusion, programmed DNA elimination may serve as a radical mechanism of dosage compensation and inactivation of unnecessary or dangerous genetic entities. In hybrids, genome elimination results from competition between parental genomes. Despite the different consequences of DNA elimination, all genetic material destined for elimination must be first recognised, epigenetically marked, separated, and then removed and degraded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrij Dedukh
- Saint‐Petersburg State University7/9 Universitetskaya EmbankmentSaint‐Petersburg199034Russia
| | - Alla Krasikova
- Saint‐Petersburg State University7/9 Universitetskaya EmbankmentSaint‐Petersburg199034Russia
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13
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Janko K, Bartoš O, Kočí J, Roslein J, Drdová EJ, Kotusz J, Eisner J, Mokrejš M, Štefková-Kašparová E. Genome Fractionation and Loss of Heterozygosity in Hybrids and Polyploids: Mechanisms, Consequences for Selection, and Link to Gene Function. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:5255-5274. [PMID: 34410426 PMCID: PMC8662595 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization and genome duplication have played crucial roles in the evolution of many animal and plant taxa. The subgenomes of parental species undergo considerable changes in hybrids and polyploids, which often selectively eliminate segments of one subgenome. However, the mechanisms underlying these changes are not well understood, particularly when the hybridization is linked with asexual reproduction that opens up unexpected evolutionary pathways. To elucidate this problem, we compared published cytogenetic and RNAseq data with exome sequences of asexual diploid and polyploid hybrids between three fish species; Cobitis elongatoides, C. taenia, and C. tanaitica. Clonal genomes remained generally static at chromosome-scale levels but their heterozygosity gradually deteriorated at the level of individual genes owing to allelic deletions and conversions. Interestingly, the impact of both processes varies among animals and genomic regions depending on ploidy level and the properties of affected genes. Namely, polyploids were more tolerant to deletions than diploid asexuals where conversions prevailed, and genomic restructuring events accumulated preferentially in genes characterized by high transcription levels and GC-content, strong purifying selection and specific functions like interacting with intracellular membranes. Although hybrids were phenotypically more similar to C. taenia, we found that they preferentially retained C. elongatoides alleles. This demonstrates that favored subgenome is not necessarily the transcriptionally dominant one. This study demonstrated that subgenomes in asexual hybrids and polyploids evolve under a complex interplay of selection and several molecular mechanisms whose efficiency depends on the organism's ploidy level, as well as functional properties and parental ancestry of the genomic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Janko
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Bartoš
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kočí
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Roslein
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Edita Janková Drdová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kotusz
- Museum of Natural History, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Eisner
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mokrejš
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Štefková-Kašparová
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetics and Breeding, FAFNR, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Dedukh D, Marta A, Janko K. Challenges and Costs of Asexuality: Variation in Premeiotic Genome Duplication in Gynogenetic Hybrids from Cobitis taenia Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212117. [PMID: 34830012 PMCID: PMC8622741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition from sexual reproduction to asexuality is often triggered by hybridization. The gametogenesis of many hybrid asexuals involves premeiotic genome endoreplication leading to bypass hybrid sterility and forming clonal gametes. However, it is still not clear when endoreplication occurs, how many gonial cells it affects and whether its rate differs among clonal lineages. Here, we investigated meiotic and premeiotic cells of diploid and triploid hybrids of spined loaches (Cypriniformes: Cobitis) that reproduce by gynogenesis. We found that in naturally and experimentally produced F1 hybrids asexuality is achieved by genome endoreplication, which occurs in gonocytes just before entering meiosis or, rarely, one or a few divisions before meiosis. However, genome endoreplication was observed only in a minor fraction of the hybrid's gonocytes, while the vast majority of gonocytes were unable to duplicate their genomes and consequently could not proceed beyond pachytene due to defects in bivalent formation. We also noted that the rate of endoreplication was significantly higher among gonocytes of hybrids from natural clones than of experimentally produced F1 hybrids. Thus, asexuality and hybrid sterility are intimately related phenomena and the transition from sexual reproduction to asexuality must overcome significant problems with genome incompatibilities with a possible impact on reproductive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrij Dedukh
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (K.J.)
| | - Anatolie Marta
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic;
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Zoology, MD-2028, Academiei 1, 2001 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Karel Janko
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic;
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (K.J.)
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15
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Stöck M, Dedukh D, Reifová R, Lamatsch DK, Starostová Z, Janko K. Sex chromosomes in meiotic, hemiclonal, clonal and polyploid hybrid vertebrates: along the 'extended speciation continuum'. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200103. [PMID: 34304588 PMCID: PMC8310718 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We review knowledge about the roles of sex chromosomes in vertebrate hybridization and speciation, exploring a gradient of divergences with increasing reproductive isolation (speciation continuum). Under early divergence, well-differentiated sex chromosomes in meiotic hybrids may cause Haldane-effects and introgress less easily than autosomes. Undifferentiated sex chromosomes are more susceptible to introgression and form multiple (or new) sex chromosome systems with hardly predictable dominance hierarchies. Under increased divergence, most vertebrates reach complete intrinsic reproductive isolation. Slightly earlier, some hybrids (linked in 'the extended speciation continuum') exhibit aberrant gametogenesis, leading towards female clonality. This facilitates the evolution of various allodiploid and allopolyploid clonal ('asexual') hybrid vertebrates, where 'asexuality' might be a form of intrinsic reproductive isolation. A comprehensive list of 'asexual' hybrid vertebrates shows that they all evolved from parents with divergences that were greater than at the intraspecific level (K2P-distances of greater than 5-22% based on mtDNA). These 'asexual' taxa inherited genetic sex determination by mostly undifferentiated sex chromosomes. Among the few known sex-determining systems in hybrid 'asexuals', female heterogamety (ZW) occurred about twice as often as male heterogamety (XY). We hypothesize that pre-/meiotic aberrations in all-female ZW-hybrids present Haldane-effects promoting their evolution. Understanding the preconditions to produce various clonal or meiotic allopolyploids appears crucial for insights into the evolution of sex, 'asexuality' and polyploidy. This article is part of the theme issue 'Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates (Part II)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Stöck
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries - IGB (Forschungsverbund Berlin), Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Dmitrij Dedukh
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Laboratory of Fish Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Reifová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 2, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Dunja K. Lamatsch
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria
| | - Zuzana Starostová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 2, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Janko
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Laboratory of Fish Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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16
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Huang T, Gu W, Liu E, Shi X, Wang B, Wu W, Dong F, Xu G. Comprehensive analysis of miRNA-mRNA/lncRNA during gonadal development of triploid female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Genomics 2021; 113:3533-3543. [PMID: 34450291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal ploidy manipulation is one of the means to create excellent germplasm. Triploid fish could provide an ideal sterile model for searching of a underlying mechanism of abnormality in meiosis. The complete understanding of the coding and noncoding RNAs regulating sterility caused by meiosis abnormality is still not well understood. By high-throughput sequencing, we compared the expression profiles of gonadal mRNA, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and microRNA (miRNA) at three different developmental stages between the diploid (XX) and triploid (XXX) female rainbow trout. These stages were gonads before differentiation (65 days post fertilisation, dpf), at the beginning of morphological differences (180 dpf) and showing clear difference between diploids and triploids (600 dpf), respectively. A majority of differentially expressed (DE) RNAs were identified, and 22 DE mRNAs related to oocyte meiosis and homologous recombination were characterized. The predicted miRNA-mRNA/lncRNA networks of 3 developmental stages were constructed based on the target pairs of DE lncRNA-miRNA and DE mRNA-miRNA. According to the networks, meiosis-related gene of ccne1 was targeted by dre-miR-15a-5p_R + 1, and 6 targeted DE lncRNAs were identified. Also, qRT-PCR was performed to validate the credibility of the network. Overall, this study explored the potential interplay between coding and noncoding RNAs during the gonadal development of polyploid fish. The mRNA, lncRNA and miRNA screened in this study may be helpful to identify the functional elements regulating fertility of rainbow trout, which may provide reference for character improvement in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Enhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiulan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Bingqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fulin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Gefeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China.
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17
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Picard MAL, Vicoso B, Bertrand S, Escriva H. Diversity of Modes of Reproduction and Sex Determination Systems in Invertebrates, and the Putative Contribution of Genetic Conflict. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1136. [PMID: 34440310 PMCID: PMC8391622 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
About eight million animal species are estimated to live on Earth, and all except those belonging to one subphylum are invertebrates. Invertebrates are incredibly diverse in their morphologies, life histories, and in the range of the ecological niches that they occupy. A great variety of modes of reproduction and sex determination systems is also observed among them, and their mosaic-distribution across the phylogeny shows that transitions between them occur frequently and rapidly. Genetic conflict in its various forms is a long-standing theory to explain what drives those evolutionary transitions. Here, we review (1) the different modes of reproduction among invertebrate species, highlighting sexual reproduction as the probable ancestral state; (2) the paradoxical diversity of sex determination systems; (3) the different types of genetic conflicts that could drive the evolution of such different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Anne Lise Picard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France; (S.B.); (H.E.)
| | - Beatriz Vicoso
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria;
| | - Stéphanie Bertrand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France; (S.B.); (H.E.)
| | - Hector Escriva
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France; (S.B.); (H.E.)
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18
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Bohutínská M, Handrick V, Yant L, Schmickl R, Kolář F, Bomblies K, Paajanen P. De Novo Mutation and Rapid Protein (Co-)evolution during Meiotic Adaptation in Arabidopsis arenosa. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:1980-1994. [PMID: 33502506 PMCID: PMC8097281 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A sudden shift in environment or cellular context necessitates rapid adaptation. A dramatic example is genome duplication, which leads to polyploidy. In such situations, the waiting time for new mutations might be prohibitive; theoretical and empirical studies suggest that rapid adaptation will largely rely on standing variation already present in source populations. Here, we investigate the evolution of meiosis proteins in Arabidopsis arenosa, some of which were previously implicated in adaptation to polyploidy, and in a diploid, habitat. A striking and unexplained feature of prior results was the large number of amino acid changes in multiple interacting proteins, especially in the relatively young tetraploid. Here, we investigate whether selection on meiosis genes is found in other lineages, how the polyploid may have accumulated so many differences, and whether derived variants were selected from standing variation. We use a range-wide sample of 145 resequenced genomes of diploid and tetraploid A. arenosa, with new genome assemblies. We confirmed signals of positive selection in the polyploid and diploid lineages they were previously reported in and find additional meiosis genes with evidence of selection. We show that the polyploid lineage stands out both qualitatively and quantitatively. Compared with diploids, meiosis proteins in the polyploid have more amino acid changes and a higher proportion affecting more strongly conserved sites. We find evidence that in tetraploids, positive selection may have commonly acted on de novo mutations. Several tests provide hints that coevolution, and in some cases, multinucleotide mutations, might contribute to rapid accumulation of changes in meiotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bohutínská
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Vinzenz Handrick
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Levi Yant
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Roswitha Schmickl
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Kolář
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kirsten Bomblies
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Plant Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pirita Paajanen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
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19
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Parthenogenesis as a Solution to Hybrid Sterility: The Mechanistic Basis of Meiotic Distortions in Clonal and Sterile Hybrids. Genetics 2020; 215:975-987. [PMID: 32518062 PMCID: PMC7404241 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid sterility is a hallmark of speciation, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we report that speciation may regularly proceed through a stage at which gene flow is completely interrupted, but hybrid sterility occurs only in male hybrids whereas female hybrids reproduce asexually. We analyzed gametogenic pathways in hybrids between the fish species Cobitis elongatoides and C. taenia, and revealed that male hybrids were sterile owing to extensive asynapsis and crossover reduction among heterospecific chromosomal pairs in their gametes, which was subsequently followed by apoptosis. We found that polyploidization allowed pairing between homologous chromosomes and therefore partially rescued the bivalent formation and crossover rates in triploid hybrid males. However, it was not sufficient to overcome sterility. In contrast, both diploid and triploid hybrid females exhibited premeiotic genome endoreplication, thereby ensuring proper bivalent formation between identical chromosomal copies. This endoreplication ultimately restored female fertility but it simultaneously resulted in the obligate production of clonal gametes, preventing any interspecific gene flow. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the emergence of asexuality can remedy hybrid sterility in a sex-specific manner and contributes to the speciation process.
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Marta A, Dedukh D, Bartoš O, Majtánová Z, Janko K. Cytogenetic Characterization of Seven Novel satDNA Markers in Two Species of Spined Loaches ( Cobitis) and Their Clonal Hybrids. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060617. [PMID: 32512717 PMCID: PMC7348982 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization is a powerful evolutionary force. However, the investigation of hybrids requires the application of methodologies that provide efficient and indubitable identification of both parental subgenomes in hybrid individuals. Repetitive DNA, and especially the satellite DNA sequences (satDNA), can rapidly diverge even between closely related species, hence providing a useful tool for cytogenetic investigations of hybrids. Recent progress in whole-genome sequencing (WGS) offers unprecedented possibilities for the development of new tools for species determination, including identification of species-specific satDNA markers. In this study, we focused on spined loaches (Cobitis, Teleostei), a group of fishes with frequent interspecific hybridization. Using the WGS of one species, C. elongatoides, we identified seven satDNA markers, which were mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization on mitotic and lampbrush chromosomes of C. elongatoides, C. taenia and their triploid hybrids (C. elongatoides × 2C. taenia). Two of these markers were chromosome-specific in both species, one had centromeric localization in multiple chromosomes and four had variable patterns between tested species. Our study provided a novel set of cytogenetic markers for Cobitis species and demonstrated that NGS-based development of satDNA cytogenetic markers may provide a very efficient and easy tool for the investigation of hybrid genomes, cell ploidy, and karyotype evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatolie Marta
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic; (D.D.); (O.B.); (Z.M.); (K.J.)
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Zoology, Academy of Science of Moldova, MD-2028, Academiei 1, 2001 Chisinau, Moldova
- Correspondence:
| | - Dmitry Dedukh
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic; (D.D.); (O.B.); (Z.M.); (K.J.)
| | - Oldřich Bartoš
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic; (D.D.); (O.B.); (Z.M.); (K.J.)
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Majtánová
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic; (D.D.); (O.B.); (Z.M.); (K.J.)
| | - Karel Janko
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic; (D.D.); (O.B.); (Z.M.); (K.J.)
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Lafond J, Hénault P, Leung C, Angers B. Unexpected Oogenic Pathways for the Triploid Fish Chrosomus eos-neogaeus. J Hered 2020; 110:370-377. [PMID: 30597080 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esy072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triploid vertebrates from unisexual complexes often perpetuate themselves asexually. In the fish Chrosomus eos×eos-neogaeus, triploids are continuously produced by diploid hybrids. However, they are not expected to perpetuate since C. eos are their only known progeny. This study aims to investigate the oogenesis of these triploid hybrids through experimental crosses. A total of 337 larvae from 12 female triploids and 3 2n/3n mosaics fertilized with C. eos sperm were genetically characterized. The detection of C. eos as progeny of triploid hybrids confirmed the occurrence of a pathway similar to meiotic hybridogenesis but only for half of the tripoids. The presence of tetraploid offspring for all these females revealed the formation of unreduced triploid eggs as a probable failure of meiotic hybridogenesis. The remaining female triploids and all mosaics produced diploid and triploid hybrids. Triploids excluded the haplome from paternal leakage and produced eggs with the diploid hybrid genome through an ameiotic hybridogenesis. Both types of hybridogenesis occurred in a mutually exclusive manner. This leads us to consider 2 hypothetical scenarios: First, any female triploids can perform either type of hybridogenesis, allowing the long-term persistence of triploid hybrids by a fraction of the population. Alternatively, ameiotic hybridogenesis occurs in triploids of the first generation (from diploid mothers), while meiotic hybridogenesis occurs in triploids of the second generation (from triploid mothers); triploid hybrids then are not perpetuating lineages. The population dynamics of the C. eos-neogaeus complex appears a step more complicated than previously expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Lafond
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Hénault
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christelle Leung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernard Angers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Micronuclei in germ cells of hybrid frogs from Pelophylax esculentus complex contain gradually eliminated chromosomes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8720. [PMID: 32457346 PMCID: PMC7251083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In most organisms, cells typically maintain genome integrity, as radical genome reorganization leads to dramatic consequences. However, certain organisms, ranging from unicellular ciliates to vertebrates, are able to selectively eliminate specific parts of their genome during certain stages of development. Moreover, partial or complete elimination of one of the parental genomes occurs in interspecies hybrids reproducing asexually. Although several examples of this phenomenon are known, the molecular and cellular processes involved in selective elimination of genetic material remain largely undescribed for the majority of such organisms. Here, we elucidate the process of selective genome elimination in water frog hybrids from the Pelophylax esculentus complex reproducing through hybridogenesis. Specifically, in the gonads of diploid and triploid hybrids, but not those of the parental species, we revealed micronuclei in the cytoplasm of germ cells. In each micronucleus, only one centromere was detected with antibodies against kinetochore proteins, suggesting that each micronucleus comprises a single chromosome. Using 3D-FISH with species-specific centromeric probe, we determined the role of micronuclei in selective genome elimination. We found that in triploid LLR hybrids, micronuclei preferentially contain P. ridibundus chromosomes, while in diploid hybrids, micronuclei preferentially contain P. lessonae chromosomes. The number of centromere signals in the nuclei suggested that germ cells were aneuploid until they eliminate the whole chromosomal set of one of the parental species. Furthermore, in diploid hybrids, misaligned P. lessonae chromosomes were observed during the metaphase stage of germ cells division, suggesting their possible elimination due to the inability to attach to the spindle and segregate properly. Additionally, we described gonocytes with an increased number of P. ridibundus centromeres, indicating duplication of the genetic material. We conclude that selective genome elimination from germ cells of diploid and triploid hybrids occurs via the gradual elimination of individual chromosomes of one of the parental genomes, which are enclosed within micronuclei.
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Novikova PY, Brennan IG, Booker W, Mahony M, Doughty P, Lemmon AR, Moriarty Lemmon E, Roberts JD, Yant L, Van de Peer Y, Keogh JS, Donnellan SC. Polyploidy breaks speciation barriers in Australian burrowing frogs Neobatrachus. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008769. [PMID: 32392206 PMCID: PMC7259803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy has played an important role in evolution across the tree of life but it is still unclear how polyploid lineages may persist after their initial formation. While both common and well-studied in plants, polyploidy is rare in animals and generally less understood. The Australian burrowing frog genus Neobatrachus is comprised of six diploid and three polyploid species and offers a powerful animal polyploid model system. We generated exome-capture sequence data from 87 individuals representing all nine species of Neobatrachus to investigate species-level relationships, the origin and inheritance mode of polyploid species, and the population genomic effects of polyploidy on genus-wide demography. We describe rapid speciation of diploid Neobatrachus species and show that the three independently originated polyploid species have tetrasomic or mixed inheritance. We document higher genetic diversity in tetraploids, resulting from widespread gene flow between the tetraploids, asymmetric inter-ploidy gene flow directed from sympatric diploids to tetraploids, and isolation of diploid species from each other. We also constructed models of ecologically suitable areas for each species to investigate the impact of climate on differing ploidy levels. These models suggest substantial change in suitable areas compared to past climate, which correspond to population genomic estimates of demographic histories. We propose that Neobatrachus diploids may be suffering the early genomic impacts of climate-induced habitat loss, while tetraploids appear to be avoiding this fate, possibly due to widespread gene flow. Finally, we demonstrate that Neobatrachus is an attractive model to study the effects of ploidy on the evolution of adaptation in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Yu. Novikova
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ian G. Brennan
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - William Booker
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael Mahony
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Paul Doughty
- Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, Perth, Australia
| | - Alan R. Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Emily Moriarty Lemmon
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - J. Dale Roberts
- School of Biological Sciences, and, Centre for Evolutionary Biology, University of Western Australia, Albany, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Levi Yant
- School of Life Sciences and Future Food Beacon, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J. Scott Keogh
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Stephen C. Donnellan
- South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
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Dedukh D, Litvinchuk J, Svinin A, Litvinchuk S, Rosanov J, Krasikova A. Variation in hybridogenetic hybrid emergence between populations of water frogs from the Pelophylax esculentus complex. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224759. [PMID: 31675368 PMCID: PMC6824575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many closely related species are capable of mating to produce hybrid offspring, which are usually sterile. Nevertheless, altering the gametogenesis of hybrid offspring can rescue hybrids from sterility by enabling asexual reproduction. Hybridogenesis is one of the most complicated asexual reproductive modes, and it includes drastic genome reorganization only in the germline; this is achieved through elimination of one parental genome and duplication of the remaining one to restore diploid chromosomal set and overcome blocks in meiotic progression. We investigated a model of hybridogenesis, namely, water frogs from the Pelophylax esculentus complex, for the emergence of asexual reproduction. Further, we assessed the impact of its asexual reproduction on the maintenance of interspecies hybrids from two populations on the western edge of the P. esculentus range, in which hybrids coexist with either both parental species or with only one parental species. After analysing tadpole karyotypes, we conclude that in both studied populations, the majority of diploid hybrid males produced haploid gametes with the P. ridibundus genome after elimination of the P. lessonae genome. Hybrid females exhibited problems with genome elimination and duplication; they usually produced oocytes with univalents, but there were observations of individual oocytes with 13 bivalents and even 26 bivalents. In some hybrid tadpoles, especially F1 crosses, we observed failed germ cell development, while in tadpoles from backcrosses, germ cells were normally distributed and contained micronuclei. By identifying chromosomes present in micronuclei, we estimated that the majority of tadpoles from all crosses were able to selectively eliminate the P. lessonae chromosomes. According to our results, hybridogenesis in hybrids can appear both from crosses of parental species and crosses between sexual species with hybrid individuals. The ability to eliminate a genome and perform endoreplication to ensure gamete formation differed between male and female hybrids from the studied populations. Some diploid hybrid females can rarely produce not only haploid gametes but also diploid gametes, which is a crucial step in the formation of triploid hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrij Dedukh
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Spartak Litvinchuk
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Zoology and Physiology, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
| | - Juriy Rosanov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alla Krasikova
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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25
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Araya-Donoso R, Torres-Pérez F, Véliz D, Lamborot M. Hybridization and polyploidy in the weeping lizard Liolaemus chiliensis (Squamata: Liolaemidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In reptiles, polyploidy is an unusual phenomenon that can originate from interspecific hybridization. In Chile, the lizard Liolaemus chiliensis provides a unique model with which to study the origin of polyploidy because it occurs in populations of diploid individuals and a few populations that also contain triploid and diploid–triploid mosaic lizards. To test whether L. chiliensis polyploids were hybrids between lineages within the species, we analysed the karyotype, the mitochondrial gene Cytb, seven microsatellite loci, and the linear and geometric morphometry of individuals throughout the species distribution. We found polyploidy at different localities throughout the distribution. Hybrids were detected with the microsatellite loci and morphological data. A clear relationship between hybridization and polyploidy could not be established because triploid and mosaic lizards were hybrids and purebreds. However, our results support the occurrence of both phenomena, and further research is needed to clarify how hybridization could be involved in the origin of polyploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Araya-Donoso
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio de Ecología y Manejo Sustentable de Islas Oceánicas (ESMOI), Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Fernando Torres-Pérez
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - David Véliz
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio de Ecología y Manejo Sustentable de Islas Oceánicas (ESMOI), Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Madeleine Lamborot
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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26
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Alabdullah AK, Borrill P, Martin AC, Ramirez-Gonzalez RH, Hassani-Pak K, Uauy C, Shaw P, Moore G. A Co-Expression Network in Hexaploid Wheat Reveals Mostly Balanced Expression and Lack of Significant Gene Loss of Homeologous Meiotic Genes Upon Polyploidization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1325. [PMID: 31681395 PMCID: PMC6813927 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidization has played an important role in plant evolution. However, upon polyploidization, the process of meiosis must adapt to ensure the proper segregation of increased numbers of chromosomes to produce balanced gametes. It has been suggested that meiotic gene (MG) duplicates return to a single copy following whole genome duplication to stabilize the polyploid genome. Therefore, upon the polyploidization of wheat, a hexaploid species with three related (homeologous) genomes, the stabilization process may have involved rapid changes in content and expression of MGs on homeologous chromosomes (homeologs). To examine this hypothesis, sets of candidate MGs were identified in wheat using co-expression network analysis and orthology informed approaches. In total, 130 RNA-Seq samples from a range of tissues including wheat meiotic anthers were used to define co-expressed modules of genes. Three modules were significantly correlated with meiotic tissue samples but not with other tissue types. These modules were enriched for GO terms related to cell cycle, DNA replication, and chromatin modification and contained orthologs of known MGs. Overall, 74.4% of genes within these meiosis-related modules had three homeologous copies which was similar to other tissue-related modules. Amongst wheat MGs identified by orthology, rather than co-expression, the majority (93.7%) were either retained in hexaploid wheat at the same number of copies (78.4%) or increased in copy number (15.3%) compared to ancestral wheat species. Furthermore, genes within meiosis-related modules showed more balanced expression levels between homeologs than genes in non-meiosis-related modules. Taken together, our results do not support extensive gene loss nor changes in homeolog expression of MGs upon wheat polyploidization. The construction of the MG co-expression network allowed identification of hub genes and provided key targets for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippa Borrill
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Keywan Hassani-Pak
- Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Shaw
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Moore
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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27
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Iannucci A, Altmanová M, Ciofi C, Ferguson-Smith M, Milan M, Pereira JC, Pether J, Rehák I, Rovatsos M, Stanyon R, Velenský P, Ráb P, Kratochvíl L, Johnson Pokorná M. Conserved sex chromosomes and karyotype evolution in monitor lizards (Varanidae). Heredity (Edinb) 2019; 123:215-227. [PMID: 30670841 PMCID: PMC6781170 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their long history with the basal split dating back to the Eocene, all species of monitor lizards (family Varanidae) studied so far share the same chromosome number of 2n = 40. However, there are differences in the morphology of the macrochromosome pairs 5-8. Further, sex determination, which revealed ZZ/ZW sex microchromosomes, was studied only in a few varanid species and only with techniques that did not test their homology. The aim of this study was to (i) test if cryptic interchromosomal rearrangements of larger chromosomal blocks occurred during the karyotype evolution of this group, (ii) contribute to the reconstruction of the varanid ancestral karyotype, and (iii) test homology of sex chromosomes among varanids. We investigated these issues by hybridizing flow sorted chromosome paints from Varanus komodoensis to metaphases of nine species of monitor lizards. The results show that differences in the morphology of the chromosome pairs 5-8 can be attributed to intrachromosomal rearrangements, which led to transitions between acrocentric and metacentric chromosomes in both directions. We also documented the first case of spontaneous triploidy among varanids in Varanus albigularis. The triploid individual was fully grown, which demonstrates that polyploidization is compatible with life in this lineage. We found that the W chromosome differs between species in size and heterochromatin content. The varanid Z chromosome is clearly conserved in all the analyzed species. Varanids, in addition to iguanas, caenophidian snakes, and lacertid lizards, are another squamate group with highly conserved sex chromosomes over a long evolutionary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Iannucci
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Marie Altmanová
- Department of Ecology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Claudio Ciofi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Malcolm Ferguson-Smith
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Milan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Jorge Claudio Pereira
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - James Pether
- Reptilandia Park, Galdar, 35460, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ivan Rehák
- Prague Zoological Garden, U Trojského zámku 120/3, 171 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michail Rovatsos
- Department of Ecology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Roscoe Stanyon
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Petr Velenský
- Prague Zoological Garden, U Trojského zámku 120/3, 171 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ráb
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kratochvíl
- Department of Ecology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Johnson Pokorná
- Department of Ecology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic
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28
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Benfey TJ, Devlin RH. Ploidy Has Minimal Effect on Hypoxia Tolerance at High Temperature in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Physiol Biochem Zool 2019; 91:1091-1101. [PMID: 30285539 DOI: 10.1086/700218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Polyploidy is an important driver of evolutionary change (generally via tetraploidy) and also serves a practical role in aquaculture and fisheries management (via triploidy). Fundamental changes in cell size and number that accompany polyploidy are predicted to affect cellular and whole-animal physiology due to constraints placed on surface-mediated processes at the cellular level, potentially altering environmental tolerances and optima. The aim of this study was to determine whether the documented reduction in thermal tolerance of aquatic polyploids is a result of their being less hypoxia tolerant. This was assessed by holding diploid and triploid rainbow trout for 1 h above their thermal optima in separate trials at eight temperatures between 20° and 27°C and then rapidly reducing the oxygen tension (Po2) of the water and determining the nonlethal Po2 at which fish lost equilibrium. As expected, there was a highly significant ([Formula: see text]) effect of temperature on Po2 at loss of equilibrium. Although there was also a significant ([Formula: see text]) effect of ploidy on Po2 at loss of equilibrium, with triploid values higher than diploid, post hoc analyses showed no significant effect of ploidy at any specific temperature. Oxygen availability alone therefore does not appear to play a major role in determining the thermal tolerance of polyploids.
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29
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30
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Rovatsos M, Augstenová B, Altmanová M, Sloboda M, Kodym P, Kratochvíl L. Triploid Colubrid Snake Provides Insight into the Mechanism of Sex Determination in Advanced Snakes. Sex Dev 2018; 12:251-255. [PMID: 29913458 DOI: 10.1159/000490124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The advanced snakes (Caenophidia), the important amniote lineage encompassing more than 3,000 living species, possess highly conserved female heterogamety across all families. However, we still lack any knowledge on the gene(s) and the molecular mechanism controlling sex determination. Triploid individuals spontaneously appear in populations of diploid species and can provide an important insight into the evolution of sex determination. Here, we report a case of spontaneous triploidy in a male of the twin-spotted ratsnake (Elaphe bimaculata) with ZZW sex chromosomes. We speculate that as both ZZ and ZZW individuals develop male gonads, the ratio between the number of Z chromosomes and autosomes, and not the presence of the W chromosome in the genome, drives sex determination in the advanced snakes.
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31
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Lenormand T, Engelstädter J, Johnston SE, Wijnker E, Haag CR. Evolutionary mysteries in meiosis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2016.0001. [PMID: 27619705 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a key event of sexual life cycles in eukaryotes. Its mechanistic details have been uncovered in several model organisms, and most of its essential features have received various and often contradictory evolutionary interpretations. In this perspective, we present an overview of these often 'weird' features. We discuss the origin of meiosis (origin of ploidy reduction and recombination, two-step meiosis), its secondary modifications (in polyploids or asexuals, inverted meiosis), its importance in punctuating life cycles (meiotic arrests, epigenetic resetting, meiotic asymmetry, meiotic fairness) and features associated with recombination (disjunction constraints, heterochiasmy, crossover interference and hotspots). We present the various evolutionary scenarios and selective pressures that have been proposed to account for these features, and we highlight that their evolutionary significance often remains largely mysterious. Resolving these mysteries will likely provide decisive steps towards understanding why sex and recombination are found in the majority of eukaryotes.This article is part of the themed issue 'Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lenormand
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE)-Unité Mixte de Recherche 5175, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier-Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jan Engelstädter
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Susan E Johnston
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Erik Wijnker
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph R Haag
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE)-Unité Mixte de Recherche 5175, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier-Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Zlotina A, Dedukh D, Krasikova A. Amphibian and Avian Karyotype Evolution: Insights from Lampbrush Chromosome Studies. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8110311. [PMID: 29117127 PMCID: PMC5704224 DOI: 10.3390/genes8110311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphibian and bird karyotypes typically have a complex organization, which makes them difficult for standard cytogenetic analysis. That is, amphibian chromosomes are generally large, enriched with repetitive elements, and characterized by the absence of informative banding patterns. The majority of avian karyotypes comprise a small number of relatively large macrochromosomes and numerous tiny morphologically undistinguishable microchromosomes. A good progress in investigation of amphibian and avian chromosome evolution became possible with the usage of giant lampbrush chromosomes typical for growing oocytes. Due to the giant size, peculiarities of organization and enrichment with cytological markers, lampbrush chromosomes can serve as an opportune model for comprehensive high-resolution cytogenetic and cytological investigations. Here, we review the main findings on chromosome evolution in amphibians and birds that were obtained using lampbrush chromosomes. In particular, we discuss the data on evolutionary chromosomal rearrangements, accumulation of polymorphisms, evolution of sex chromosomes as well as chromosomal changes during clonal reproduction of interspecies hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zlotina
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Dedukh
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Alla Krasikova
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia.
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Matveevsky S, Kolomiets O, Bogdanov A, Hakhverdyan M, Bakloushinskaya I. Chromosomal Evolution in Mole Voles Ellobius (Cricetidae, Rodentia): Bizarre Sex Chromosomes, Variable Autosomes and Meiosis. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E306. [PMID: 29099806 PMCID: PMC5704219 DOI: 10.3390/genes8110306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports on extensive experimental material covering more than 30 years of studying the genetics of mole voles. Sex chromosomes of Ellobius demonstrate an extraordinary case of mammalian sex chromosomes evolution. Five species of mole voles own three types of sex chromosomes; typical for placentals: XY♂/XX♀; and atypical X0♂/X0♀; or XX♂/XX♀. Mechanisms of sex determination in all Ellobius species remain enigmatic. It was supposed that the Y chromosome was lost twice and independently in subgenera Bramus and Ellobius. Previous to the Y being lost, the X chromosome in distinct species obtained some parts of the Y chromosome, with or without Sry, and accumulated one or several copies of the Eif2s3y gene. Along with enormous variations of sex chromosomes, genes of sex determination pathway and autosomes, and five mole vole species demonstrate ability to establish different meiotic mechanisms, which stabilize their genetic systems and make it possible to overcome the evolutionary deadlocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Matveevsky
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Oxana Kolomiets
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexey Bogdanov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
| | | | - Irina Bakloushinskaya
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
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Fradin H, Kiontke K, Zegar C, Gutwein M, Lucas J, Kovtun M, Corcoran DL, Baugh LR, Fitch DHA, Piano F, Gunsalus KC. Genome Architecture and Evolution of a Unichromosomal Asexual Nematode. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2928-2939.e6. [PMID: 28943090 PMCID: PMC5659720 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Asexual reproduction in animals, though rare, is the main or exclusive mode of reproduction in some long-lived lineages. The longevity of asexual clades may be correlated with the maintenance of heterozygosity by mechanisms that rearrange genomes and reduce recombination. Asexual species thus provide an opportunity to gain insight into the relationship between molecular changes, genome architecture, and cellular processes. Here we report the genome sequence of the parthenogenetic nematode Diploscapter pachys with only one chromosome pair. We show that this unichromosomal architecture is shared by a long-lived clade of asexual nematodes closely related to the genetic model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Analysis of the genome assembly reveals that the unitary chromosome arose through fusion of six ancestral chromosomes, with extensive rearrangement among neighboring regions. Typical nematode telomeres and telomeric protection-encoding genes are lacking. Most regions show significant heterozygosity; homozygosity is largely concentrated to one region and attributed to gene conversion. Cell-biological and molecular evidence is consistent with the absence of key features of meiosis I, including synapsis and recombination. We propose that D. pachys preserves heterozygosity and produces diploid embryos without fertilization through a truncated meiosis. As a prelude to functional studies, we demonstrate that D. pachys is amenable to experimental manipulation by RNA interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Fradin
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Karin Kiontke
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Charles Zegar
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Michelle Gutwein
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Jessica Lucas
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Mikhail Kovtun
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David L Corcoran
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - L Ryan Baugh
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David H A Fitch
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
| | - Fabio Piano
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Kristin C Gunsalus
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Kato M, Hiruta C, Tochinai S. The Behavior of Chromosomes During Parthenogenetic Oogenesis in Marmorkrebs Procambarus fallax f. virginalis. Zoolog Sci 2017; 33:426-30. [PMID: 27498802 DOI: 10.2108/zs160018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parthenogenetic oogenesis varies among and even within species. Based on cytological mechanisms, it can largely be divided into apomixis (ameiotic parthenogenesis) producing genetically identical progeny, and automixis (meiotic parthenogenesis) producing genetically non-identical progeny. Polyploidy is common in parthenogenetic species, although the association between parthenogenesis and polyploidy throughout evolution is poorly understood. Marmorkrebs, or the marbled crayfish, was first identified as a parthenogenetic decapod and was tentatively named as Procambarus fallax f. virginalis. Previous studies revealed that Marmorkrebs is triploid and produces genetically identical offspring, suggesting that apomixis occurs during parthenogenetic oogenesis. However, the behavior of chromosomes during the process of oogenesis is still not well characterized. In this study, we observed parthenogenetic oogenesis around the time of ovulation in P. fallax f. virginalis by histology and immunohistochemistry. During oogenesis, the chromosomes were separated into two groups and behaved independently from each other, and one complete division corresponding to mitosis (the second meiosis-like division) was observed. This suggests that parthenogenetic oogenesis in Marmorkrebs exhibits gonomery, a phenomenon commonly found in apomictic parthenogenesis in polyploid animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miku Kato
- 1 Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University,Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Chizue Hiruta
- 2 Department of Biology, Center for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iwate Medical University,Nishitokuta 2-1-1, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Shin Tochinai
- 3 Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University,Kita 11 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0811, Japan
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36
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Araya-Donoso R, Véliz D, Vidal M, Lamborot M. Relationships of the morphological variation in diploids, triploids and mosaics of Liolaemus chiliensis (Sauria: Liolaemidae). AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-00003132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Liolaemus chiliensis, a widely distributed species in Chile, is unique in vertebrates because it presents populations with diploid (2n), triploid (3n) and mosaic (2n/3n) females, and with diploid and mosaic males whose meiosis produces reduced (n) and unreduced (2n) euploid gametes. With the aim of evaluating evolutionary consequences of polyploidy, we analyzed the morphological variability of 103 adults ofL. chiliensisfrom separated geographic areas using both traditional and geometric morphometry in order to visualize shape and size differences in individuals with different ploidy. The results indicated thatLiolaemus chiliensisis morphologically variable; a significant effect was observed for the interaction term of the three factors tested: sex, ploidy and locality. From the analysis, females exhibited higher values of axilla groin distance than males. There were also morphological differences in mosaic and triploid organisms with respect to the sympatric and allopatric diploids in the dorsal shape of the head, and the presence of intermediate phenotypes of triploids and mosaic lizards with sympatric males and females associated with the axilla groin distance. Results showed that there are morphological differences between polyploid and diploid organisms with both traditional and geometric approaches, suggesting evolutionary trend to differentiation; future research is needed to assess the underlying ecological and genetic mechanisms related to this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Araya-Donoso
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio de Ecología y Manejo Sustentable de Islas Oceánicas (ESMOI), Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - David Véliz
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio de Ecología y Manejo Sustentable de Islas Oceánicas (ESMOI), Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Marcela Vidal
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Biobío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Madeleine Lamborot
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Doležálková M, Sember A, Marec F, Ráb P, Plötner J, Choleva L. Is premeiotic genome elimination an exclusive mechanism for hemiclonal reproduction in hybrid males of the genus Pelophylax? BMC Genet 2016; 17:100. [PMID: 27368375 PMCID: PMC4930623 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to eliminate a parental genome from a eukaryotic germ cell is a phenomenon observed mostly in hybrid organisms displaying an alternative propagation to sexual reproduction. For most taxa, the underlying cellular pathways and timing of the elimination process is only poorly understood. In the water frog hybrid Pelophylax esculentus (parental taxa are P. ridibundus and P. lessonae) the only described mechanism assumes that one parental genome is excluded from the germline during metamorphosis and prior to meiosis, while only second genome enters meiosis after endoreduplication. Our study of hybrids from a P. ridibundus—P. esculentus-male populations known for its production of more types of gametes shows that hybridogenetic mechanism of genome elimination is not uniform. Results Using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on mitotic and meiotic cell stages, we identified at least two pathways of meiotic mechanisms. One type of Pelophylax esculentus males provides supporting evidence of a premeiotic elimination of one parental genome. In several other males we record the presence of both parental genomes in the late phases of meiotic prophase I (diplotene) and metaphase I. Conclusion Some P. esculentus males have no genome elimination from the germ line prior to meiosis. Considering previous cytological and experimental evidence for a formation of both ridibundus and lessonae sperm within a single P. esculentus individual, we propose a hypothesis that genome elimination from the germline can either be postponed to the meiotic stages or absent altogether in these hybrids. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0408-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Doležálková
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS v.v.i, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic. .,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Praha 2, 128 43, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexandr Sember
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS v.v.i, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic.,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, Prague 2, 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - František Marec
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ráb
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS v.v.i, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic
| | - Jörg Plötner
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstraße 43, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Lukáš Choleva
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Department of Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology and Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics CAS v.v.i, Liběchov, 277 21, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava, 710 00, Czech Republic
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Bomblies K, Jones G, Franklin C, Zickler D, Kleckner N. The challenge of evolving stable polyploidy: could an increase in "crossover interference distance" play a central role? Chromosoma 2016; 125:287-300. [PMID: 26753761 PMCID: PMC4830878 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-015-0571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Whole genome duplication is a prominent feature of many highly evolved organisms, especially plants. When duplications occur within species, they yield genomes comprising multiple identical or very similar copies of each chromosome (“autopolyploids”). Such genomes face special challenges during meiosis, the specialized cellular program that underlies gamete formation for sexual reproduction. Comparisons between newly formed (neo)-autotetraploids and fully evolved autotetraploids suggest that these challenges are solved by specific restrictions on the positions of crossover recombination events and, thus, the positions of chiasmata, which govern the segregation of homologs at the first meiotic division. We propose that a critical feature in the evolution of these more effective chiasma patterns is an increase in the effective distance of meiotic crossover interference, which plays a central role in crossover positioning. We discuss the findings in several organisms, including the recent identification of relevant genes in Arabidopsis arenosa, that support this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Bomblies
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Gareth Jones
- The Red House, St. David's Street, Presteigne, Powys (Wales), LD8 2BP, UK
| | - Chris Franklin
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Denise Zickler
- Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, I2BC, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Nancy Kleckner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Martin P, Thonagel S, Scholtz G. The parthenogenetic Marmorkrebs (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Cambaridae) is a triploid organism. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peer Martin
- Institut für Biologie/Vergleichende Zoologie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Sven Thonagel
- Institut für Biologie/Vergleichende Zoologie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Gerhard Scholtz
- Institut für Biologie/Vergleichende Zoologie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Germany
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40
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Zhang J, Sun M, Zhou L, Li Z, Liu Z, Li XY, Liu XL, Liu W, Gui JF. Meiosis completion and various sperm responses lead to unisexual and sexual reproduction modes in one clone of polyploid Carassius gibelio. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10898. [PMID: 26042995 PMCID: PMC4455247 DOI: 10.1038/srep10898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Unisexual polyploid vertebrates are commonly known to reproduce by gynogenesis, parthenogenesis, or hybridogenesis. One clone of polyploid Carassius gibelio has been revealed to possess multiple modes of unisexual gynogenesis and sexual reproduction, but the cytological and developmental mechanisms have remained unknown. In this study, normal meiosis completion was firstly confirmed by spindle co-localization of β-tubulin and Spindlin. Moreover, three types of various nuclear events and development behaviors were revealed by DAPI staining and BrdU-incorporated immunofluorescence detection during the first mitosis in the fertilized eggs by three kinds of different sperms. They include normal sexual reproduction in response to sperm from the same clone male, typical unisexual gynogenesis in response to sperm from the male of another species Cyprinus carpio, and an unusual hybrid-similar development mode in response to sperm from another different clone male. Based on these findings, we have discussed cytological and developmental mechanisms on multiple reproduction modes in the polyploid fish, and highlighted evolutionary significance of meiosis completion and evolutionary consequences of reproduction mode diversity in polyploid vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Min Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xi-Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Choleva L, Musilova Z, Kohoutova-Sediva A, Paces J, Rab P, Janko K. Distinguishing between incomplete lineage sorting and genomic introgressions: complete fixation of allospecific mitochondrial DNA in a sexually reproducing fish (Cobitis; Teleostei), despite clonal reproduction of hybrids. PLoS One 2014; 9:e80641. [PMID: 24971792 PMCID: PMC4074047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing between hybrid introgression and incomplete lineage sorting causing incongruence among gene trees in that they exhibit topological differences requires application of statistical approaches that are based on biologically relevant models. Such study is especially challenging in hybrid systems, where usual vectors mediating interspecific gene transfers--hybrids with Mendelian heredity--are absent or unknown. Here we study a complex of hybridizing species, which are known to produce clonal hybrids, to discover how one of the species, Cobitis tanaitica, has achieved a pattern of mito-nuclear mosaic genome over the whole geographic range. We appplied three distinct methods, including the method using solely the information on gene tree topologies, and found that the contrasting mito-nuclear signal might not have resulted from the retention of ancestral polymorphism. Instead, we found two signs of hybridization events related to C. tanaitica; one concerning nuclear gene flow and the other suggested mitochondrial capture. Interestingly, clonal inheritance (gynogenesis) of contemporary hybrids prevents genomic introgressions and non-clonal hybrids are either absent or too rare to be detected among European Cobitis. Our analyses therefore suggest that introgressive hybridizations are rather old episodes, mediated by previously existing hybrids whose inheritance was not entirely clonal. Cobitis complex thus supports the view that the type of resulting hybrids depends on a level of genomic divergence between sexual species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Choleva
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Libechov, Czech Republic
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Zuzana Musilova
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Libechov, Czech Republic
- Zoological Institute, Evolutionary Biology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kohoutova-Sediva
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Libechov, Czech Republic
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Paces
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Libechov, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Rab
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Janko
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, AS CR, v.v.i., Libechov, Czech Republic
- Life Science Research Centre, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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42
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Shapiro JA. Epigenetic control of mobile DNA as an interface between experience and genome change. Front Genet 2014; 5:87. [PMID: 24795749 PMCID: PMC4007016 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile DNA in the genome is subject to RNA-targeted epigenetic control. This control regulates the activity of transposons, retrotransposons and genomic proviruses. Many different life history experiences alter the activities of mobile DNA and the expression of genetic loci regulated by nearby insertions. The same experiences induce alterations in epigenetic formatting and lead to trans-generational modifications of genome expression and stability. These observations lead to the hypothesis that epigenetic formatting directed by non-coding RNA provides a molecular interface between life history events and genome alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of ChicagoChicago, IL, USA
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43
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Dufresne F, Stift M, Vergilino R, Mable BK. Recent progress and challenges in population genetics of polyploid organisms: an overview of current state-of-the-art molecular and statistical tools. Mol Ecol 2013; 23:40-69. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- France Dufresne
- Département de Biologie; Université du Québec à Rimouski; Québec QC Canada G5L 3A1
| | - Marc Stift
- Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz D 78457 Germany
| | - Roland Vergilino
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Barbara K. Mable
- Institute of Biodiversity; Animal Health and Comparative Medicine; College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
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