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Liu X, Pacwa A, Bresciani G, Swierczynska M, Dorecka M, Smedowski A. Retinal primary cilia and their dysfunction in retinal neurodegenerative diseases: beyond ciliopathies. Mol Med 2024; 30:109. [PMID: 39060957 PMCID: PMC11282803 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are sensory organelles that extend from the cellular membrane and are found in a wide range of cell types. Cilia possess a plethora of vital components that enable the detection and transmission of several signaling pathways, including Wnt and Shh. In turn, the regulation of ciliogenesis and cilium length is influenced by various factors, including autophagy, organization of the actin cytoskeleton, and signaling inside the cilium. Irregularities in the development, maintenance, and function of this cellular component lead to a range of clinical manifestations known as ciliopathies. The majority of people with ciliopathies have a high prevalence of retinal degeneration. The most common theory is that retinal degeneration is primarily caused by functional and developmental problems within retinal photoreceptors. The contribution of other ciliated retinal cell types to retinal degeneration has not been explored to date. In this review, we examine the occurrence of primary cilia in various retinal cell types and their significance in pathology. Additionally, we explore potential therapeutic approaches targeting ciliopathies. By engaging in this endeavor, we present new ideas that elucidate innovative concepts for the future investigation and treatment of retinal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Ceglana 35, 40-514, Katowice, Poland.
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anna Pacwa
- GlaucoTech Co, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Marta Swierczynska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Professor K. Gibinski University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Ceglana 35, 40-514, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mariola Dorecka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Professor K. Gibinski University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Ceglana 35, 40-514, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adrian Smedowski
- GlaucoTech Co, Katowice, Poland.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Professor K. Gibinski University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Ceglana 35, 40-514, Katowice, Poland.
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Milibari D, Nowilaty SR, Ba-Abbad R. The Clinical and Mutational Spectrum of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome in Saudi Arabia. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:762. [PMID: 38927698 PMCID: PMC11202873 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The retinal features of Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) are insufficiently characterized in Arab populations. This retrospective study investigated the retinal features and genotypes of BBS in Saudi patients managed at a single tertiary eye care center. Data analysis of the identified 46 individuals from 31 families included visual acuity (VA), systemic manifestations, multimodal retinal imaging, electroretinography (ERG), family pedigrees, and genotypes. Patients were classified to have cone-rod, rod-cone, or generalized photoreceptor dystrophy based on the pattern of macular involvement on the retinal imaging. Results showed that nyctalopia and subnormal VA were the most common symptoms with 76% having VA ≤ 20/200 at the last visit (age: 5-35). Systemic features included obesity 91%, polydactyly 56.5%, and severe cognitive impairment 33%. The predominant retinal phenotype was cone-rod dystrophy 75%, 10% had rod-cone dystrophy and 15% had generalized photoreceptor dystrophy. ERGs were undetectable in 95% of patients. Among the 31 probands, 61% had biallelic variants in BBSome complex genes, 32% in chaperonin complex genes, and 6% had biallelic variants in ARL6; including six previously unreported variants. Interfamilial and intrafamilial variabilities were noted, without a clear genotype-phenotype correlation. Most BBS patients had advanced retinopathy and were legally blind by early adulthood, indicating a narrow therapeutic window for rescue strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Milibari
- Vitreoretinal Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia; (D.M.); (S.R.N.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah 24211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan R. Nowilaty
- Vitreoretinal Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia; (D.M.); (S.R.N.)
| | - Rola Ba-Abbad
- Vitreoretinal Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia; (D.M.); (S.R.N.)
- Ocular Genetics Services, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia
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Pan YW, Ou TY, Chou YY, Kuo PL, Hsiao HP, Chiu PC, Lin JL, Lo FS, Wang CH, Chen PC, Tsai MC. Syndromic ciliopathy: a taiwanese single-center study. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:106. [PMID: 38671463 PMCID: PMC11046915 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01880-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syndromic ciliopathies are a group of congenital disorders characterized by broad clinical and genetic overlap, including obesity, visual problems, skeletal anomalies, mental retardation, and renal diseases. The hallmark of the pathophysiology among these disorders is defective ciliary functions or formation. Many different genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases, but some patients still remain unclear about their genotypes. METHODS The aim of this study was to identify the genetic causes in patients with syndromic ciliopathy. Patients suspected of or meeting clinical diagnostic criteria for any type of syndromic ciliopathy were recruited at a single diagnostic medical center in Southern Taiwan. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was employed to identify their genotypes and elucidate the mutation spectrum in Taiwanese patients with syndromic ciliopathy. Clinical information was collected at the time of patient enrollment. RESULTS A total of 14 cases were molecularly diagnosed with syndromic ciliopathy. Among these cases, 10 had Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), comprising eight BBS2 patients and two BBS7 patients. Additionally, two cases were diagnosed with Alström syndrome, one with Oral-facial-digital syndrome type 14, and another with Joubert syndrome type 10. A total of 4 novel variants were identified. A recurrent splice site mutation, BBS2: c.534 + 1G > T, was present in all eight BBS2 patients, suggesting a founder effect. One BBS2 patient with homozygous c.534 + 1G > T mutations carried a third ciliopathic allele, TTC21B: c.264_267dupTAGA, a nonsense mutation resulting in a premature stop codon and protein truncation. CONCLUSIONS Whole exome sequencing (WES) assists in identifying molecular pathogenic variants in ciliopathic patients, as well as the genetic hotspot mutations in specific populations. It should be considered as the first-line genetic testing for heterogeneous disorders characterized by the involvement of multiple genes and diverse clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, No. 138, Shengli Rd., North Dist, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsung-Ying Ou
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 2, Minsheng Rd., Dalin Township, Chiayi County, Chiayi, 62247, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yen-Yin Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, No. 138, Shengli Rd., North Dist, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Genomic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, No. 138, Shengli Rd., North Dist, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, No. 138, Shengli Rd., North Dist, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, No. 138, Shengli Rd., North Dist, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yida Rd., Yanchao Dist, Kaohsiung, 824005, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Pin Hsiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung Ho Memorial Hospital, No. 100, Ziyou 1st Rd., Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pao-Chin Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Dazhong 1st Rd., Zuoying Dist, Kaohsiung, 813414, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ju-Li Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan, 333423, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fu-Sung Lo
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan, 333423, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Hsing Wang
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, No. 2, Yude Rd., North Dist, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Xueshi Rd., North Dist, Taichung, 404328, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Peng-Chieh Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 138, Shengli Rd., North Dist, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Center of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, No. 138, Shengli Rd., North Dist, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Meng-Che Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, No. 138, Shengli Rd., North Dist, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Genomic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, No. 138, Shengli Rd., North Dist, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 138, Shengli Rd., North Dist, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Cetiner M, Bergmann C, Bettendorf M, Faust J, Gäckler A, Gillissen B, Hansen M, Kerber M, Klaus G, König J, Kühlewein L, Oh J, Richter-Unruh A, von Schnurbein J, Wabitsch M, Weihrauch-Blüher S, Pape L. [Improved Care and Treatment Options for Patients with Hyperphagia-Associated Obesity in Bardet-Biedl Syndrome]. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2024. [PMID: 38458231 DOI: 10.1055/a-2251-5382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare, autosomal recessive multisystem disease. The pathophysiological origin is a dysfunction of the primary cilium. Clinical symptoms are heterogeneous and variable: retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, kidney abnormalities, hypogenitalism and developmental delays are the most common features. By the approval of the melanocortin 4 receptor agonist setmelanotide, a drug therapy for BBS-associated hyperphagia and obesity can be offered for the first time. Hyperphagia and severe obesity represent a considerable burden and are associated with comorbidity and increased mortality risk. Due to the limited experience with setmelanotide in BBS, a viable comprehensive therapy concept is to be presented. Therapy decision and management should be conducted in expert centers. For best therapeutic effects with setmelanotide adequate information of the patient about the modalities of the therapy (daily subcutaneous injection) and possible adverse drug events are necessary. Furthermore, the involvement of psychologists, nutritionists and nursing services (support for the application) should be considered together with the patient. The assessment of therapy response should be carried out with suitable outcome measurements and centrally reported to an adequate register.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Cetiner
- Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Human genetic diagnostics, Medical Genetics Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Bettendorf
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Heidelberg University Hospital Department of General Pediatrics Pediatric Neurology Metabolic Diseases Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Faust
- Psychiatry and psychotherapy, Max-Planck-Institute for Psychiatry, München, Germany
| | - Anja Gäckler
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernarda Gillissen
- Bardet Biedl syndrome Working Group, PRO RETINA Deutschland e V, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Hansen
- KFH Kidney Center for Children and Adolescents, Clementine Children's Hospital - Dr Christ'sche Foundation, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kerber
- Bardet Biedl syndrome Working Group, PRO RETINA Deutschland e V, Bonn, Germany
| | - Günter Klaus
- KFH Kidney Center for Children and Adolescents, University Hospitals Giessen and Marburg Campus Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jens König
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Laura Kühlewein
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen Clinic of Ophthalmology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jun Oh
- Pediatric Nephrology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Department of Pediatrics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annette Richter-Unruh
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of the Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia von Schnurbein
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Lars Pape
- Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Feizabadi MH, Alerasool M, Eslahi A, Esmaeilzadeh E, Mehrjardi MYV, Saket M, Farokhi S, Fattahi Z, Khorshid HRK, Mojarrad M. Characterizing Homozygous Variants in Bardet-Biedl Syndrome-Associated Genes Within Iranian Families: Unveiling a Founder Variant in BBS2, c.471G>A. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-023-10637-w. [PMID: 38407766 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare inherited ciliopathy disorder characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms such as retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, genitourinary and kidney anomalies, learning disability, and hypogonadism. The understanding of the variants involved in BBS-causing genes remains incomplete, highlighting the need for further research to develop a molecular diagnostic strategy for this syndrome. Singleton whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on sixteen patients. Our study revealed (1) nine patients carried eight homozygous pathogenic variants with four of them being novel (2) Specifically, a synonymous splicing variant (c.471G > A) in BBS2 gene in six patients with Baloch ethnicity. The identification of runs of homozygosity (ROH) calling was performed using the BCFtools/RoH software on WES data of patients harboring c.471G > A variant. The presence of shared homozygous regions containing the identified variant was confirmed in these patients. In-silico analysis predicted the effect of the c.471G > A variants on BBS2 mRNA splicing. This variant results in disrupted wild-type donor site and intron retention in the mature mRNA. (3) And a deletion of exons 14 to 17 in the BBS1 gene was identified in one patient by Copy-Number Variation (CNV) analysis using the ExomeDepth pipeline. Our results identified the founder variant c.471G > A in the BBS2 gene in the Baloch ethnicity of the Iranian population. This finding can guide the diagnostic approach of this syndrome in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoome Alerasool
- Genetic Foundation of Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atieh Eslahi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Mitra Saket
- RP Eye Patients Supporting Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Farokhi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zohreh Fattahi
- Genetics Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Majid Mojarrad
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Pokharel P, Pandey U, Sedai S, Khanal K, Shrestha M. Chronic kidney disease on the background of bardet-biedl syndrome: a case report and review of literature. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:1131-1134. [PMID: 38333249 PMCID: PMC10849371 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by retinal dystrophy, obesity, postaxial polydactyly, renal dysfunction, learning difficulties, and hypogonadism. In this case report, the authors present the clinical course and management of a patient with BBS who developed chronic kidney disease (CKD). Case presentation An 18-year-old male presented to the emergency department with chief complaints of fever, cough, vomiting, and decreased urine output for 7 days. Parents complained that the child had a delay in development compared to other children of the same age group. On examination, the patient had tachypnea, periorbital and pedal edema, expiratory wheeze with bilateral basal crackles, polydactyly, central obesity, microtestes, and delayed developmental milestones. Ultrasonography revealed bilateral small kidneys with increased cortical echotexture and loss of corticomedullary differentiation. Based on clinical features, the patient was diagnosed with CKD in the background of BBS. Hemodialysis was initiated after the diagnosis. Discussion The management of CKD in the background of BBS poses unique challenges due to the complex multisystem involvement of this genetic disorder. There should be early reorganization and management of this condition so that the patient can have a better quality of life. Moreover, in developing countries like Nepal, genetic testing and diagnosis should be made easily accessible for better patient outcome. Conclusion Multidisciplinary approach involving nephrologists, ophthalmologists, endocrinologists, and geneticists is important to optimize the treatment and long-term management of Badet Biedel patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uday Pandey
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University
| | - Samir Sedai
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University
| | - Kapil Khanal
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University
| | - Midhan Shrestha
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu Nepal
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Kalinderi K, Goula V, Sapountzi E, Tsinopoulou VR, Fidani L. Syndromic and Monogenic Obesity: New Opportunities Due to Genetic-Based Pharmacological Treatment. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:153. [PMID: 38397265 PMCID: PMC10886848 DOI: 10.3390/children11020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a significant health problem with a continuously increasing prevalence among children and adolescents that has become a modern pandemic during the last decades. Nowadays, the genetic contribution to obesity is well-established. For this narrative review article, we searched PubMed and Scopus databases for peer-reviewed research, review articles, and meta-analyses regarding the genetics of obesity and current pharmacological treatment, published in the English language with no time restrictions. We also screened the references of the selected articles for possible additional articles in order to include most of the key recent evidence. Our research was conducted between December 2022 and December 2023. We used the terms "obesity", "genetics", "monogenic", "syndromic", "drugs", "autosomal dominant", "autosomal recessive", "leptin-melanocortin pathway", and "children" in different combinations. Recognizing the genetic background in obesity can enhance the effectiveness of treatment. During the last years, intense research in the field of obesity treatment has increased the number of available drugs. This review analyzes the main categories of syndromic and monogenic obesity discussing current data on genetic-based pharmacological treatment of genetic obesity and highlighting the necessity that cases of genetic obesity should follow specific, pharmacological treatment based on their genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallirhoe Kalinderi
- Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Goula
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Evdoxia Sapountzi
- Second Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.S.); (V.R.T.)
| | - Vasiliki Rengina Tsinopoulou
- Second Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.S.); (V.R.T.)
| | - Liana Fidani
- Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Second Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.S.); (V.R.T.)
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Kumar S, Harisankar AG, Singh N, Kumar SR, Mayank N. Bardet-Biedl Syndrome with Choledochal Cyst: Rare Association with a Novel Variant. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2023; 28:520-522. [PMID: 38173646 PMCID: PMC10760602 DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_124_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal-recessive ciliopathic disorder affecting multiple organ systems. Characteristic features include progressive retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly hypogonadism, mental retardation, and renal disorders. Other manifestations include congenital heart diseases, hepatic fibrosis, ataxia, and diabetes. Approximately 30% of patients with Biedl-Bardet syndrome (BBS) have hepatobiliary disorders such as periportal fibrosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cystic dilation of the bile ducts. The association of BBS with choledochal cysts (CDC) is extremely rare. Here, we report a case of a 14-year-old boy with a novel variant of BBS and associated type IV CDC. The patient was managed surgically with CDC excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saket Kumar
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - A. G. Harisankar
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Anesthesiology, BIG Apollo Spectra Hospitals, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Singh Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Nilay Mayank
- Department of Medical Genetics, Post Graduate Institute of Child Health, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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9
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Guimaraes TACD, Arram E, Shakarchi AF, Georgiou M, Michaelides M. Inherited causes of combined vision and hearing loss: clinical features and molecular genetics. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1403-1414. [PMID: 36162969 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Combined vision and hearing loss, also known as dual sensory impairment, can occur in several genetic conditions, including ciliopathies such as Usher and Bardet-Biedl syndrome, mitochondrial DNA disorders and systemic diseases, such as CHARGE, Stickler, Waardenburg, Alport and Alstrom syndrome. The retinal phenotype may point to the diagnosis of such disorders. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the molecular genetics and clinical features of the most common non-chromosomal inherited disorders to cause dual sensory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Arram
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ahmed F Shakarchi
- Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michalis Georgiou
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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10
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Zhong F, Tan M, Gao Y. Novel multi-allelic variants, two BBS2 and one PKD1 variant, of renal ciliopathies: A case report and literature review. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104753. [PMID: 37003573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) are renal ciliopathies. BBS has 22 pathogenic genes, and ADPKD is mainly caused by PKD1 and PKD2 variants. Cases with tri-allelic variants of BBS and PKD1 are rare. CASE PRESENTATION The proband was an 11-year-old Chinese male with cysts in both kidneys, blurred vision, hyperopia, and short fingers and toes. The patient underwent a kidney transplant due to rapid deterioration of renal failure. During follow-up, a smaller field of vision, a slow increase in height, and a weight gain were observed. In addition, renal function and anemia were improved. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed two heterozygous variants in BBS2 (c.563delT (p.I188Tfs*13) inherited from the father and c.534+1G > t (splicing) from the mother) and one heterozygous variant in PKD1 (c.6223C > T (p.R2075C)) inherited from the mother. CONCLUSION This paper reported a ciliopathy patient with multi-allelic variants (two BBS2 variants and one PKD1 variant) that may lead to early symptoms and more rapid progression. An early genetic diagnosis may contribute to predicting disease progression and guiding management and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazhan Zhong
- Guangzhou Medical University Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Tan
- Guangzhou Medical University Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Guangzhou Medical University Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Rao AR, Nazir A, Imtiaz S, Paracha SA, Waryah YM, Ujjan ID, Anwar I, Iqbal A, Santoni FA, Shah I, Gul K, Baig HMA, Waryah AM, Antonarakis SE, Ansar M. Delineating the Spectrum of Genetic Variants Associated with Bardet-Biedl Syndrome in Consanguineous Pakistani Pedigrees. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:404. [PMID: 36833331 PMCID: PMC9956862 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to find the molecular basis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) in Pakistani consanguineous families. A total of 12 affected families were enrolled. Clinical investigations were performed to access the BBS-associated phenotypes. Whole exome sequencing was conducted on one affected individual from each family. The computational functional analysis predicted the variants' pathogenic effects and modeled the mutated proteins. Whole-exome sequencing revealed 9 pathogenic variants in six genes associated with BBS in 12 families. The BBS6/MKS was the most common BBS causative gene identified in five families (5/12, 41.6%), with one novel (c.1226G>A, p.Gly409Glu) and two reported variants. c.774G>A, Thr259LeuTer21 was the most frequent BBS6/MMKS allele in three families 3/5 (60%). Two variants, c.223C>T, p.Arg75Ter and a novel, c. 252delA, p.Lys85STer39 were detected in the BBS9 gene. A novel 8bp deletion c.387_394delAAATAAAA, p. Asn130GlyfsTer3 was found in BBS3 gene. Three known variants were detected in the BBS1, BBS2, and BBS7 genes. Identification of novel likely pathogenic variants in three genes reaffirms the allelic and genetic heterogeneity of BBS in Pakistani patients. The clinical differences among patients carrying the same pathogenic variant may be due to other factors influencing the phenotype, including variants in other modifier genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza Rao
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Medical Research Center, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro 76090, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan
| | - Samina Imtiaz
- Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Aziz Paracha
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan
| | - Yar Muhammad Waryah
- Scientific and Ophthalmic Research Laboratory, Sindh Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hyderabad 71000, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Din Ujjan
- Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro 76090, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Anwar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile Des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Afia Iqbal
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54810, Pakistan
| | - Federico A. Santoni
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Inayat Shah
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan
| | - Khitab Gul
- Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Department of BioSciences, Faculty of Life Science, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi 75400, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Azhar Baig
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile Des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63080, Pakistan
| | - Ali Muhammad Waryah
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Medical Research Center, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro 76090, Pakistan
| | - Stylianos E. Antonarakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile Des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Advanced Molecular Genetics and Genomics Disease Research and Treatment Centre, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
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12
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Melluso A, Secondulfo F, Capolongo G, Capasso G, Zacchia M. Bardet-Biedl Syndrome: Current Perspectives and Clinical Outlook. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2023; 19:115-132. [PMID: 36741589 PMCID: PMC9896974 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s338653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bardet Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare inherited disorder considered a model of non-motile ciliopathy. It is in fact caused by mutations of genes encoding for proteins mainly localized to the base of the cilium. Clinical features of BBS patients are widely shared with patients suffering from other ciliopathies, especially autosomal recessive syndromic disorders; moreover, mutations in cilia-related genes can cause different clinical ciliopathy entities. Besides the best-known clinical features, as retinal degeneration, learning disabilities, polydactyly, obesity and renal defects, several additional clinical signs have been reported in BBS, expanding our understanding of the complexity of its clinical spectrum. The present review aims to describe the current knowledge of BBS i) pathophysiology, ii) clinical manifestations, highlighting both the most common and the less described features, iii) current and future perspective for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Melluso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Secondulfo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Capolongo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy,Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, AV, 83031, Italy
| | - Miriam Zacchia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy,Correspondence: Miriam Zacchia, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy, Tel +39 081 566 6650, Fax +39 081 566 6671, Email
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13
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Li H, He J, Leong I, Huang R, Shi X. Central precocious puberty occurring in Bardet‑Biedl syndrome‑10 as a method for self‑protection of human reproductive function: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:574. [PMID: 35949343 PMCID: PMC9353512 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypogonadism and obesity are primary features of Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). Obesity is also an associated factor of central precocious puberty (CPP). The present report describes the case of a girl (age, 7 years and 6 months), with clinical manifestations of precocious puberty, progressive obesity, postaxial polydactyly, retinal degeneration and intellectual disability. The patient visited the clinic for the first time due to early breast development and progressive obesity. After 8 months of follow-up, the bone age had advanced almost 3 years, and the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test showed results that had changed from indicating pseudo precocious puberty to CPP. Whole-exome gene sequencing showed that there were two heterozygous mutations in the BBS type 10 (BBS10) gene, chr12:76739816(c.1949del) and chr12:76740374(c.1391C>G). The final diagnosis was of BBS10 and CPP. In order to protect the reproductive capacity of the patient, GnRH analogs were used for CPP treatment. After 15 months of treatment and follow-up, a physical examination revealed Tanner breast stage 1. Ultrasonography showed that the uterus and ovaries had reduced to their prepubertal size. In conclusion, the present report describes a case of CPP that occurred in a young girl with BBS10. We hypothesize that this was a prelude to gonad dysplasia, acting as a method for the self-protection of human reproductive function. However, more clinical data and molecular biological evidence are required to confirm the etiology and mechanism of this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanming Li
- Department of Children's Health Care, Fifth People's Hospital of Foshan City, Foshan, Guangdong 528211, P.R. China
| | - Jianyu He
- Department of Children's Health Care, Fifth People's Hospital of Foshan City, Foshan, Guangdong 528211, P.R. China
| | - Iatlun Leong
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Macau Special Administrative Region, Macau Special Administrative Region 999078, P.R. China
| | - Runxiao Huang
- Department of Children's Health Care, Fifth People's Hospital of Foshan City, Foshan, Guangdong 528211, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Shi
- Department of Children's Health Care, Fifth People's Hospital of Foshan City, Foshan, Guangdong 528211, P.R. China
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14
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Perea-Romero I, Solarat C, Blanco-Kelly F, Sanchez-Navarro I, Bea-Mascato B, Martin-Salazar E, Lorda-Sanchez I, Swafiri ST, Avila-Fernandez A, Martin-Merida I, Trujillo-Tiebas MJ, Carreño E, Jimenez-Rolando B, Garcia-Sandoval B, Minguez P, Corton M, Valverde D, Ayuso C. Allelic overload and its clinical modifier effect in Bardet-Biedl syndrome. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:41. [PMID: 35835773 PMCID: PMC9283419 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by extensive inter- and intra-familial variability, in which oligogenic interactions have been also reported. Our main goal is to elucidate the role of mutational load in the clinical variability of BBS. A cohort of 99 patients from 77 different families with biallelic pathogenic variants in a BBS-associated gene was retrospectively recruited. Human Phenotype Ontology terms were used in the annotation of clinical symptoms. The mutational load in 39 BBS-related genes was studied in index cases using different molecular and next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches. Candidate allele combinations were analysed using the in silico tools ORVAL and DiGePred. After clinical annotation, 76 out of the 99 cases a priori fulfilled established criteria for diagnosis of BBS or BBS-like. BBS1 alleles, found in 42% of families, were the most represented in our cohort. An increased mutational load was excluded in 41% of the index cases (22/54). Oligogenic inheritance was suspected in 52% of the screened families (23/45), being 40 tested by means of NGS data and 5 only by traditional methods. Together, ORVAL and DiGePred platforms predicted an oligogenic effect in 44% of the triallelic families (10/23). Intrafamilial variable severity could be clinically confirmed in six of the families. Our findings show that the presence of more than two alleles in BBS-associated genes correlated in six families with a more severe phenotype and associated with specific findings, highlighting the role of the mutational load in the management of BBS cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Perea-Romero
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Solarat
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), Álvaro Cunqueiro Hospital, Vigo, Spain
| | - Fiona Blanco-Kelly
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iker Sanchez-Navarro
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Brais Bea-Mascato
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), Álvaro Cunqueiro Hospital, Vigo, Spain
| | - Eduardo Martin-Salazar
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), Álvaro Cunqueiro Hospital, Vigo, Spain
| | - Isabel Lorda-Sanchez
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Saoud Tahsin Swafiri
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Avila-Fernandez
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Martin-Merida
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Trujillo-Tiebas
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Carreño
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belen Jimenez-Rolando
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Garcia-Sandoval
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Ophthalmology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Minguez
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Corton
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Valverde
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), Álvaro Cunqueiro Hospital, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain. .,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Parameswarappa DC, Das AV, Thakur PS, Takkar B, Multani PK, Padhy SK, Doctor MB, Agarwal K, Jalali S. Retinitis pigmentosa in Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome in India: Electronic medical records driven big data analytics: Report II. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:2533-2538. [PMID: 35791150 PMCID: PMC9426086 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2268_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To describe the clinical presentation and demographic distribution of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in Laurence–Moon–Bardet–Biedl (LMBB) syndrome patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational hospital-based study wherein 244 patients with RP in LMBB syndrome presenting to our hospital network between March 2012 and October 2020 were included. An electronic medical record database was used for data retrieval. Results: There were 244 patients in total, with a hospital-based prevalence rate of 0.010% or 1000/100,000 population. The mean and median age of patients was 15.22 ± 7.56 and 14 (IQR: 10–18.5) years, respectively, with the majority being in the age group of 11–20 years (133/244 patients; 54.50%). Males were more commonly affected (164 patients; 67.21%), and the majority (182 patients; 74.59%) were students. All 244 patients (100%) complained of defective central vision at presentation. More than one-fourth of the patients had severe visual impairment to blindness at presentation. Prominent retinal feature at presentation was diffuse or widespread retinal pigment epithelial degeneration in all patients. Conclusion: Patients with RP in LMBB syndrome present mainly in the first to second decade of life with severe visual acuity impairment to blindness early in life. It is important to rule out LMBB syndrome in early-onset RP with central visual acuity impairment. On the contrary, all patients diagnosed or suspected with LMBB syndrome systemic features at physician clinic should also be referred for ophthalmic evaluation, low vision assessment, rehabilitation, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony V Das
- Department of eyeSmart EMR and AEye; Standard Charted Eye Care Education, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pratima S Thakur
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo - Retinal Diseases; Standard Charted Eye Care Education, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Brijesh Takkar
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo - Retinal Diseases; Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health and Economics Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prabhjot K Multani
- Retina and Uveitis Department, GMR Varalakshmi Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Srikant K Padhy
- Vitreoretina and Uveitis Services, Mithu Tulasi Chanrai Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mariya B Doctor
- Department of Standard Charted Eye Care Education, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Komal Agarwal
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo - Retinal Diseases, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subhadra Jalali
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo - Retinal Diseases, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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16
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Martín-Salazar JE, Valverde D. CPLANE Complex and Ciliopathies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060847. [PMID: 35740972 PMCID: PMC9221175 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are non-motile organelles associated with the cell cycle, which can be found in most vertebrate cell types. Cilia formation occurs through a process called ciliogenesis, which involves several mechanisms including planar cell polarity (PCP) and the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. Some gene complexes, such as BBSome or CPLANE (ciliogenesis and planar polarity effector), have been linked to ciliogenesis. CPLANE complex is composed of INTU, FUZ and WDPCP, which bind to JBTS17 and RSG1 for cilia formation. Defects in these genes have been linked to a malfunction of intraflagellar transport and defects in the planar cell polarity, as well as defective activation of the Hedgehog signalling pathway. These faults lead to defective cilium formation, resulting in ciliopathies, including orofacial-digital syndrome (OFDS) and Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). Considering the close relationship, between the CPLANE complex and cilium formation, it can be expected that defects in the genes that encode subunits of the CPLANE complex may be related to other ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Valverde
- CINBIO, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-GS), 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Correspondence:
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17
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Long F, Zhang Z, Chen J, Yang S, Tian Y, Mei C, Zhang W, Zan L, Tong B, Cheng G. The role of BBS2 in regulating adipogenesis and the association of its sequence variants with meat quality in Qinchuan cattle. Genomics 2022; 114:110416. [PMID: 35718089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The BBS2 gene plays a vital role in human obesity and fat deposition. However, little is known about it in beef cattle. Therefore, this study investigates the function of BBS2 in the fat deposition of beef cattle and screens the effective SNPs marker for meat quality traits in cattle breeding. The expression of BBS2 is negatively correlated with marbling ratios of beef cattle. Moreover, the knockdown of BBS2 promoted adipogenesis and lipid accumulation of bovine preadipocytes by stimulating PPARγ, FABP4, and FASN expression (P < 0.01). Four novel SNPs in the exons of BBS2 in Chinese Qinchuan cattle were identified and of which the g.24226239C > T (Q527), g.24223562G > A (V441I), and g.24227851A > G (Q627R) were significantly associated with the meat quality of Qinchuan cattle (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The findings suggested that BBS2 could be used as a candidate gene for meat quality improvement in Qinchuan cattle. Furthermore, these genotypes can be exploited as molecular markers in future beef breeding projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Long
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiayue Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Sen Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chugang Mei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wenzhen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; National Beef Cattle Improvement Centre, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Bin Tong
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.
| | - Gong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; National Beef Cattle Improvement Centre, Yangling 712100, China.
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18
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Yan K, Sun Y, Yang Y, Liu B, Dong M. Case Report: Identification Pathogenic Abnormal Splicing of BBS1 Causing Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Type I (BBS1) due to Missense Mutation. Front Genet 2022; 13:849562. [PMID: 35692835 PMCID: PMC9186647 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.849562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, protein features affected by missense mutation was attributed to destroy an important domain with amino acid alternation, and it was difficult to clearly specify the pathogenicity of a novel missense mutation. Nevertheless, the associations between missense mutations and abnormal splicing are nowadays increasingly reported. Rarely, some missense mutations, locating at the non-canonical splicing sites, are observed to damage the splicing process. In this study, a couple has three adverse pregnancy history that the affected fetus presented typical polydactyly, renal abnormalities, and cerebral ventriculomegaly. To identify its genetic etiology, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed and a missense mutation c.1339G > A was identified, which was located at the non-canonical splicing sites of the BBS1 gene. Then, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was carried out and demonstrated extra 115bp originating from intron 13 cut into cDNA, which generated a predicted premature termination codon (PTC) in the BBS1 protein. Further expression analysis by using real-time reverse-transcribed PCR confirmed the occurrence of nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Therefore, the pathogenicity of the missense mutation c.1339G > A was explicit and our study helped to extend the spectrum of pathogenic mutations in Bardet–Biedl syndrome type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yan
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixi Sun
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minyue Dong
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Hannan M, Selim MA, Rahman AA.MS, Al Razy A, Saifuddin M, Selim S, Kamrul-Hasan ABM. A 27-year-old man with rare genetic disorder presented with morbid obesity. BANGLADESH JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/bjem.bjem_6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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20
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A Novel BBS9 Mutation Identified via Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Chinese Family with Bardet-Biedl Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4514967. [PMID: 34692830 PMCID: PMC8536422 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4514967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by polydactyly, obesity, rod-cone dystrophy, and mental retardation. Twenty-one genes have been identified as causing BBS. This study collected a BBS pedigree from two patients and performed whole-exome sequencing on one patient. We identified a novel homozygous variant c.1114C>T (p.Q372X) in the BBS9 of the two siblings. This variant was confirmed and completely cosegregated with the disease of this family by Sanger sequencing. We report a novel homozygous variant c.1114C>T in the BBS9 gene in a Chinese family.
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21
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Dallali H, Kheriji N, Kammoun W, Mrad M, Soltani M, Trabelsi H, Hamdi W, Bahlous A, Ben Ahmed M, Mahjoub F, Jamoussi H, Abdelhak S, Kefi R. Multiallelic Rare Variants in BBS Genes Support an Oligogenic Ciliopathy in a Non-obese Juvenile-Onset Syndromic Diabetic Patient: A Case Report. Front Genet 2021; 12:664963. [PMID: 34691137 PMCID: PMC8526562 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.664963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile-onset diabetes may occur in the context of a rare syndromic presentation, suggesting a monogenic etiology rather than a common multifactorial diabetes. In the present study, we report the case of a young diabetic Tunisian patient presenting learning problems, speech deficits, short stature, brachydactyly, and a normal weight. Whole exome sequencing analysis revealed five heterozygous genetic variants in BBS1, BBS4, BBS8, MKS1, and CEP290. These genes are involved in the regulation of cilium biogenesis and function. We analyzed variant combinations pathogenicity using the recently developed ORVAL tool, and we hypothesized that cumulative synergetic effects of these variants could explain the syndromic phenotype observed in our patient. Therefore, our investigation suggested a genetic diagnosis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome with an oligogenic inheritance pattern rather than a monogenic diabetes. Although there is no curative therapy for this ciliopathy at the moment, a genetic diagnosis may offer other supportive care options, including the prevention of other possible clinical manifestations of this syndrome, mainly renal abnormalities, obesity, liver fibrosis, and hypertension, as well as the genetic counseling for family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Dallali
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur in Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Kheriji
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur in Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Kammoun
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur in Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Mrad
- Central Laboratory of Medical Biology, Institut Pasteur in Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Manel Soltani
- Central Laboratory of Medical Biology, Institut Pasteur in Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Trabelsi
- Central Laboratory of Medical Biology, Institut Pasteur in Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Walid Hamdi
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur in Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Afef Bahlous
- Central Laboratory of Medical Biology, Institut Pasteur in Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Melika Ben Ahmed
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur in Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Faten Mahjoub
- Research Unit on Obesity, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Henda Jamoussi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur in Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Unit on Obesity, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Abdelhak
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur in Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rym Kefi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur in Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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22
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Husson H, Bukanov NO, Moreno S, Smith MM, Richards B, Zhu C, Picariello T, Park H, Wang B, Natoli TA, Smith LA, Zanotti S, Russo RJ, Madden SL, Klinger KW, Modur V, Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya O. Correction of cilia structure and function alleviates multi-organ pathology in Bardet-Biedl syndrome mice. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:2508-2522. [PMID: 32620959 PMCID: PMC7471507 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic autosomal recessive ciliopathy affecting multiple organs. The development of potential disease-modifying therapy for BBS will require concurrent targeting of multi-systemic manifestations. Here, we show for the first time that monosialodihexosylganglioside accumulates in Bbs2−/− cilia, indicating impairment of glycosphingolipid (GSL) metabolism in BBS. Consequently, we tested whether BBS pathology in Bbs2−/− mice can be reversed by targeting the underlying ciliary defect via reduction of GSL metabolism. Inhibition of GSL synthesis with the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor Genz-667161 decreases the obesity, liver disease, retinal degeneration and olfaction defect in Bbs2−/− mice. These effects are secondary to preservation of ciliary structure and signaling, and stimulation of cellular differentiation. In conclusion, reduction of GSL metabolism resolves the multi-organ pathology of Bbs2−/− mice by directly preserving ciliary structure and function towards a normal phenotype. Since this approach does not rely on the correction of the underlying genetic mutation, it might translate successfully as a treatment for other ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Husson
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Nikolay O Bukanov
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Sarah Moreno
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Mandy M Smith
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | | | - Cheng Zhu
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Tyler Picariello
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Hyejung Park
- Pre-Development Sciences, Sanofi, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Pre-Development Sciences, Sanofi, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Thomas A Natoli
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Laurie A Smith
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Stefano Zanotti
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Ryan J Russo
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | | | | | - Vijay Modur
- Rare Diseases Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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23
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Tang HY, Xie F, Dai RC, Shi XL. Novel homozygous protein-truncating mutation of BBS9 identified in a Chinese consanguineous family with Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1731. [PMID: 34212515 PMCID: PMC8404240 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare and genetically heterogeneous disease with a broad spectrum of clinical features, including but not limited to rod‐cone dystrophy, postaxial polydactyly, central obesity, intellectual disability, hypogonadism, and renal dysfunction. Twenty‐one BBS (Bardet–Biedl syndrome) genes have been identified to date. There is minimal mutation information on BBS in Chinese populations and the exact pathogenic mechanism of the null mutation of BBS9 remains unknown. Methods A patient from a Chinese consanguineous family presented with polydactyly, truncal obesity, intellectual disability, genital anomaly, and retinitis pigmentosa was analyzed in this study. Blood DNA and RNA were extracted from the blood of the proband and the parents. The proband was screened for mutations by whole‐exome sequencing. The likely pathogenic mutation detected in the proband was further confirmed by the Sanger sequence in the family. Real‐time RT‐PCR was used to measure the expression of BBS9 in the proband and the control. Results Targeted exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous null mutation (NM_198428.3: c.445C>T) in the 6th exon of the BBS9 gene in the proband and Sanger sequencing was used to validate the heterozygosity in the parents. The mutation was validated to induce the nonsense‐mediated decay of BBS9 messenger RNAs by real‐time RT‐PCR. Conclusions The molecular findings helped to explain the clinical manifestations. The novel homozygous pathogenic variation expanded the mutational spectrum of the BBS9 gene in the Chinese population and will help to understand the pathogenic mechanism of BBS9 null mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Tang
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fen Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Ru-Chun Dai
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Liu Shi
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zacchia M, Blanco FDV, Torella A, Raucci R, Blasio G, Onore ME, Marchese E, Trepiccione F, Vitagliano C, Iorio VD, Alessandra P, Simonelli F, Nigro V, Capasso G, Viggiano D. Urine concentrating defect as presenting sign of progressive renal failure in Bardet-Biedl syndrome patients. Clin Kidney J 2021; 14:1545-1551. [PMID: 34084454 PMCID: PMC8162863 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urine concentrating defect is a common dysfunction in ciliopathies, even though its underlying mechanism and its prognostic meaning are largely unknown. This study assesses renal function in a cohort of 54 Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) individuals and analyses whether renal hyposthenuria is the result of specific tubule dysfunction and predicts renal disease progression. METHODS The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) and maximum urine osmolality (max-Uosm) were measured in all patients. Genetic analysis was conducted in 43 patients. Annual eGFR decline (ΔeGFR) was measured in patients with a median follow-up period of 6.5 years. Urine aquaporin-2 (uAQP2) excretion was measured and the furosemide test was performed in patients and controls. RESULTS At baseline, 33 (61.1%), 12 (22.2%) and 9 (16.7%) patients showed an eGFR >90, 60-90 and <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively; 27.3% showed an ACR >30 mg/g and 55.8% of patients showed urine concentrating defect in the absence of renal insufficiency. Baseline eGFR, but not max-Uosm, correlated negatively with age. Conversely, truncating mutations affected max-Uosm and showed a trend towards a reduction in eGFR. Max-Uosm correlated with ΔeGFR (P < 0.005), suggesting that urine concentrating defect may predict disease progression. uAQP2 excretion and Na+ and Cl- fractional excretion after furosemide did not differ between hyposthenuric patients and controls, suggesting that specific collecting duct and thick ascending limb dysfunctions are unlikely to play a central role in the pathogenesis of hyposthenuria. CONCLUSIONS Hyposthenuria is a warning sign predicting poor renal outcome in BBS. The pathophysiology of this defect is most likely beyond defective tubular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Zacchia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Annalaura Torella
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Raucci
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Blasio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Onore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marchese
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE, Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Caterina Vitagliano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Iorio
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Eye Clinic, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Perna Alessandra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Simonelli
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Eye Clinic, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Davide Viggiano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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25
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Warnecke A, Giesemann A. Embryology, Malformations, and Rare Diseases of the Cochlea. Laryngorhinootologie 2021; 100:S1-S43. [PMID: 34352899 PMCID: PMC8354575 DOI: 10.1055/a-1349-3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the low overall prevalence of individual rare diseases, cochlear
dysfunction leading to hearing loss represents a symptom in a large
proportion. The aim of this work was to provide a clear overview of rare
cochlear diseases, taking into account the embryonic development of the
cochlea and the systematic presentation of the different disorders. Although
rapid biotechnological and bioinformatic advances may facilitate the
diagnosis of a rare disease, an interdisciplinary exchange is often required
to raise the suspicion of a rare disease. It is important to recognize that
the phenotype of rare inner ear diseases can vary greatly not only in
non-syndromic but also in syndromic hearing disorders. Finally, it becomes
clear that the phenotype of the individual rare diseases cannot be
determined exclusively by classical genetics even in monogenetic
disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Warnecke
- Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover.,Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Exzellenzcluster"Hearing4all" - EXC 2177/1 - Project ID 390895286
| | - Anja Giesemann
- Institut für Neuroradiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover
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26
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Wang L, Liu Y, Stratigopoulos G, Panigrahi S, Sui L, Zhang Y, Leduc CA, Glover HJ, De Rosa MC, Burnett LC, Williams DJ, Shang L, Goland R, Tsang SH, Wardlaw S, Egli D, Zheng D, Doege CA, Leibel RL. Bardet-Biedl syndrome proteins regulate intracellular signaling and neuronal function in patient-specific iPSC-derived neurons. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:146287. [PMID: 33630762 DOI: 10.1172/jci146287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in genes encoding components of the primary cilium and is characterized by hyperphagic obesity. To investigate the molecular basis of obesity in human BBS, we developed a cellular model of BBS using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (iPSC-derived) hypothalamic arcuate-like neurons. BBS mutations BBS1M390R and BBS10C91fsX95 did not affect neuronal differentiation efficiency but caused morphological defects, including impaired neurite outgrowth and longer primary cilia. Single-cell RNA sequencing of BBS1M390R hypothalamic neurons identified several downregulated pathways, including insulin and cAMP signaling and axon guidance. Additional studies demonstrated that BBS1M390R and BBS10C91fsX95 mutations impaired insulin signaling in both human fibroblasts and iPSC-derived neurons. Overexpression of intact BBS10 fully restored insulin signaling by restoring insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation in BBS10C91fsX95 neurons. Moreover, mutations in BBS1 and BBS10 impaired leptin-mediated p-STAT3 activation in iPSC-derived hypothalamic neurons. Correction of the BBS mutation by CRISPR rescued leptin signaling. POMC expression and neuropeptide production were decreased in BBS1M390R and BBS10C91fsX95 iPSC-derived hypothalamic neurons. In the aggregate, these data provide insights into the anatomic and functional mechanisms by which components of the BBSome in CNS primary cilia mediate effects on energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Wang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and.,Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - George Stratigopoulos
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and.,Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sunil Panigrahi
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and.,Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lina Sui
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and.,Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and.,Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles A Leduc
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and.,Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hannah J Glover
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and.,Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Caterina De Rosa
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and.,Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lisa C Burnett
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and.,Levo Therapeutics, Skokie, Illinois, USA
| | - Damian J Williams
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Linshan Shang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Stephen H Tsang
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sharon Wardlaw
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and.,Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dieter Egli
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and.,Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.,New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Claudia A Doege
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and.,Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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27
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Beigi F, Del Pozo-Valero M, Martin-Merida I, Perea-Romero I, Manaviat MR, Ayuso C, Ghasemi N. Apparent but unconfirmed digenism in an Iranian consanguineous family with syndromic Retinal Disease. Exp Eye Res 2021; 207:108533. [PMID: 33741323 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by rod-cone dystrophy, postaxial polydactyly, kidney defects, obesity, mental retardation and hypogonadism. Here, we report different genotypes in two Bardet-Biedl syndrome affected sisters with a different clinical phenotype regarding severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The proband of the family was examined by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) using clinical exome and filtering by syndromic and non-syndromic genes associated with retinal dystrophies. RESULTS Targeted NGS revealed two novel variants in the MKKS and CEP290 genes in homozygosis state in the proband. Segregation analysis revealed the presence of the same MKKS homozygous variant in her younger affected sister but not the CEP290 variant. Both sisters presented different clinical manifestation, at different ages, with a more severe renal and retinal defect in the case of the sister carrying mutations in both genes. Another unaffected sister showed only homozygosity for the CEP290 variant, thus supporting the non-pathogenic role of this mutation in BBS phenotype. CONCLUSIONS In this study, NGS proved to be a powerful and efficient sequencing method to identify causal variants in different genes. However, it remarks the importance of the segregation analysis and clinical information to establish the pathogenicity of new variants. The two affected sisters present different genotypes and clinical manifestation, suggesting that the novel CEP290 variant could be acting as a modifier, making the phenotype more severe in the sister homozygote for MKKS and CEP290 genes. On the other hand, the difference in the age of both sisters highlight the important role of monitoring disease progression also to confirm the modifier role of genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Beigi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Marta Del Pozo-Valero
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Health Research Institute Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain; CIBERER (Biomedical Research Network Centre for Rare Diseases), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Martin-Merida
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Health Research Institute Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain; CIBERER (Biomedical Research Network Centre for Rare Diseases), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Perea-Romero
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Health Research Institute Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain; CIBERER (Biomedical Research Network Centre for Rare Diseases), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Masoud Reza Manaviat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd Diabetes Research Center, Yazd, Iran
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Health Research Institute Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain; CIBERER (Biomedical Research Network Centre for Rare Diseases), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nasrin Ghasemi
- Abortion Research Centre, Reproductive Sciences Institute, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.
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28
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Identification of a Novel Homozygous Missense (c.443A>T:p.N148I) Mutation in BBS2 in a Kashmiri Family with Bardet-Biedl Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6626015. [PMID: 33688495 PMCID: PMC7925018 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6626015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder with distinctive clinical feature such as obesity, degeneration of retina, polydactyly, and renal abnormalities. The study was aimed at finding out the disease-causing variant/s in patients exhibiting clinical features of BBS. Methods The identification of disease-causing variant was done by using whole exome sequencing on Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform involving the SeqCap EZ Exome v3 kit (Roche NimbleGen). The identified variant was further validated by Sanger sequencing. Results WES revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation (NM_031885: c.443A>T:p.N148I) in exon 3 of the BBS2 gene. Sanger sequencing confirmed this variant as homozygous in both affected subjects and heterozygous in obligate parents, demonstrating autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. To the best of our knowledge, this variant was not present in literature and all publically available databases. The candidate variant is predicted to be pathogenic by a set of in-silico softwares. Conclusion Clinical and genetic spectrum of BBS and BBS-like disorders is not completely defined in the Pakistani as well as in Kashmiri population. Therefore, more comprehensive genetic studies are required to gain insights into genotype-phenotype associations to facilitate carrier screening and genetic counseling of families with such disorders.
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29
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The Neurochaperonopathies: Anomalies of the Chaperone System with Pathogenic Effects in Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Disorders. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11030898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chaperone (or chaperoning) system (CS) constitutes molecular chaperones, co-chaperones, and chaperone co-factors, interactors and receptors, and its canonical role is protein quality control. A malfunction of the CS may cause diseases, known as the chaperonopathies. These are caused by qualitatively and/or quantitatively abnormal molecular chaperones. Since the CS is ubiquitous, chaperonopathies are systemic, affecting various tissues and organs, playing an etiologic-pathogenic role in diverse conditions. In this review, we focus on chaperonopathies involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems: the neurochaperonopathies (NCPs). Genetic NCPs are linked to pathogenic variants of chaperone genes encoding, for example, the small Hsp, Hsp10, Hsp40, Hsp60, and CCT-BBS (chaperonin-containing TCP-1- Bardet–Biedl syndrome) chaperones. Instead, the acquired NCPs are associated with malfunctional chaperones, such as Hsp70, Hsp90, and VCP/p97 with aberrant post-translational modifications. Awareness of the chaperonopathies as the underlying primary or secondary causes of disease will improve diagnosis and patient management and open the possibility of investigating and developing chaperonotherapy, namely treatment with the abnormal chaperone as the main target. Positive chaperonotherapy would apply in chaperonopathies by defect, i.e., chaperone insufficiency, and consist of chaperone replacement or boosting, whereas negative chaperonotherapy would be pertinent when a chaperone actively participates in the initiation and progression of the disease and must be blocked and eliminated.
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McConnachie DJ, Stow JL, Mallett AJ. Ciliopathies and the Kidney: A Review. Am J Kidney Dis 2020; 77:410-419. [PMID: 33039432 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia are specialized sensory organelles that protrude from the apical surface of most cell types. During the past 2 decades, they have been found to play important roles in tissue development and signal transduction, with mutations in ciliary-associated proteins resulting in a group of diseases collectively known as ciliopathies. Many of these mutations manifest as renal ciliopathies, characterized by kidney dysfunction resulting from aberrant cilia or ciliary functions. This group of overlapping and genetically heterogeneous diseases includes polycystic kidney disease, nephronophthisis, and Bardet-Biedl syndrome as the main focus of this review. Renal ciliopathies are characterized by the presence of kidney cysts that develop due to uncontrolled epithelial cell proliferation, growth, and polarity, downstream of dysregulated ciliary-dependent signaling. Due to cystic-associated kidney injury and systemic inflammation, cases result in kidney failure requiring dialysis and transplantation. Of the handful of pharmacologic treatments available, none are curative. It is important to determine the molecular mechanisms that underlie the involvement of the primary cilium in cyst initiation, expansion, and progression for the development of novel and efficacious treatments. This review updates research progress in defining key genes and molecules central to ciliogenesis and renal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique J McConnachie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation Disease and Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew J Mallett
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation Disease and Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; KidGen Collaborative, Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Mary L, Chennen K, Stoetzel C, Antin M, Leuvrey A, Nourisson E, Alanio-Detton E, Antal MC, Attié-Bitach T, Bouvagnet P, Bouvier R, Buenerd A, Clémenson A, Devisme L, Gasser B, Gilbert-Dussardier B, Guimiot F, Khau Van Kien P, Leroy B, Loget P, Martinovic J, Pelluard F, Perez MJ, Petit F, Pinson L, Rooryck-Thambo C, Poch O, Dollfus H, Schaefer E, Muller J. Bardet-Biedl syndrome: Antenatal presentation of forty-five fetuses with biallelic pathogenic variants in known Bardet-Biedl syndrome genes. Clin Genet 2020; 95:384-397. [PMID: 30614526 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an emblematic ciliopathy associated with retinal dystrophy, obesity, postaxial polydactyly, learning disabilities, hypogonadism and renal dysfunction. Before birth, enlarged/cystic kidneys as well as polydactyly are the hallmark signs of BBS to consider in absence of familial history. However, these findings are not specific to BBS, raising the problem of differential diagnoses and prognosis. Molecular diagnosis during pregnancies remains a timely challenge for this heterogeneous disease (22 known genes). We report here the largest cohort of BBS fetuses to better characterize the antenatal presentation. Prenatal ultrasound (US) and/or autopsy data from 74 fetuses with putative BBS diagnosis were collected out of which molecular diagnosis was established in 51 cases, mainly in BBS genes (45 cases) following the classical gene distribution, but also in other ciliopathy genes (6 cases). Based on this, an updated diagnostic decision tree is proposed. No genotype/phenotype correlation could be established but postaxial polydactyly (82%) and renal cysts (78%) were the most prevalent symptoms. However, autopsy revealed polydactyly that was missed by prenatal US in 55% of the cases. Polydactyly must be carefully looked for in pregnancies with apparently isolated renal anomalies in fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mary
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kirsley Chennen
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Complex Systems and Translational Bioinformatics, ICube, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Illkirch, France
| | - Corinne Stoetzel
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Manuela Antin
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Leuvrey
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elsa Nourisson
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisabeth Alanio-Detton
- Gynécologie-obstétrique, Centre de Dépistage Anténatal, Hôpital Maison-Blanche, Reims, France
| | - Maria C Antal
- Institut d'Histologie, Icube, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Pathologie, UF6349 Fœtopathologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- INSERM U1163, Institut IMAGINE, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Bouvagnet
- Laboratoire de Cardiogénétique, Malformations Cardiaques Congénitale, Hôpitaux Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Raymonde Bouvier
- Département de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Est, Hôpitaux Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Annie Buenerd
- Département de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Est, Hôpitaux Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alix Clémenson
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Louise Devisme
- Institut d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bernard Gasser
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, GHR Mulhouse-Sud Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Brigitte Gilbert-Dussardier
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,EA3808 - NEUVACOD, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Fabien Guimiot
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Fœtopathologie, Département de Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Khau Van Kien
- Unité de Génétique Médicale et Cytogénétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Brigitte Leroy
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, CHI Poissy Saint Germain-en-Laye, Poissy, France
| | - Philippe Loget
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Jelena Martinovic
- Unité de Fœtopathologie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clamart, France
| | - Fanny Pelluard
- Service d'Anatomie-Cytologie Pathologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM UMR1053, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Josée Perez
- Unité de Fœtopathologie, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Petit
- Clinique de Génétique Guy Fontaine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lucile Pinson
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Rooryck-Thambo
- Université Bordeaux, MRGM INSERM U1211, CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Poch
- Complex Systems and Translational Bioinformatics, ICube, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Illkirch, France
| | - Hélène Dollfus
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Génétique Médicale, IGMA, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Centre des Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique, FSMR SENSGENE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Schaefer
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Génétique Médicale, IGMA, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Muller
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Renaux A, Papadimitriou S, Versbraegen N, Nachtegael C, Boutry S, Nowé A, Smits G, Lenaerts T. ORVAL: a novel platform for the prediction and exploration of disease-causing oligogenic variant combinations. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:W93-W98. [PMID: 31147699 PMCID: PMC6602484 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A tremendous amount of DNA sequencing data is being produced around the world with the ambition to capture in more detail the mechanisms underlying human diseases. While numerous bioinformatics tools exist that allow the discovery of causal variants in Mendelian diseases, little to no support is provided to do the same for variant combinations, an essential task for the discovery of the causes of oligogenic diseases. ORVAL (the Oligogenic Resource for Variant AnaLysis), which is presented here, provides an answer to this problem by focusing on generating networks of candidate pathogenic variant combinations in gene pairs, as opposed to isolated variants in unique genes. This online platform integrates innovative machine learning methods for combinatorial variant pathogenicity prediction with visualization techniques, offering several interactive and exploratory tools, such as pathogenic gene and protein interaction networks, a ranking of pathogenic gene pairs, as well as visual mappings of the cellular location and pathway information. ORVAL is the first web-based exploration platform dedicated to identifying networks of candidate pathogenic variant combinations with the sole ambition to help in uncovering oligogenic causes for patients that cannot rely on the classical disease analysis tools. ORVAL is available at https://orval.ibsquare.be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Renaux
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Machine Learning Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Artificial Intelligence lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sofia Papadimitriou
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Machine Learning Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Artificial Intelligence lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nassim Versbraegen
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Machine Learning Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Nachtegael
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Machine Learning Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon Boutry
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann Nowé
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Artificial Intelligence lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Smits
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, 1020 Brussels, Belgium.,Center of Human Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tom Lenaerts
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Machine Learning Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Artificial Intelligence lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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A novel missense variant in the BBS7 gene underlying Bardet-Biedl syndrome in a consanguineous Pakistani family. Clin Dysmorphol 2020; 29:17-23. [DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shrestha S, Chaudhary N. A rare case of obesity. Can it be Bardet-Biedl Syndrome? Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:1725-1728. [PMID: 31534736 PMCID: PMC6745398 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations like retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, mental retardation, hypogonadism, and renal dysfunction. We report a case of 14-year-old obese boy with poor scholastic performances, hypothyroidism, and poor vision diagnosed as BBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Shrestha
- Department of PediatricsUniversal College of Medical SciencesBhairahawaNepal
| | - Nagendra Chaudhary
- Department of PediatricsUniversal College of Medical SciencesBhairahawaNepal
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Abstract
Obesity and excess weight are a pandemic phenomenon in the modern world. Childhood and adolescent obesity often ends up in obesity in adults. The costs of obesity and its consequences are staggering for any society, crippling for countries in development. Childhood obesity is also widespread in Macedonia. Metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia and carbohydrate intolerance are found in significant numbers. Parents and grandparents are often obese. Some of the children are either dysmorphic, or slightly retarded. We have already described patients with Prader-Willi syndrome, Bardet-Biedl syndrome or WAGR syndrome. A genetic screening for mutations in monogenic obesity in children with early, rapid-onset or severe obesity, severe hyperphagia, hypogonadism, intestinal dysfunction, hypopigmentation of hair and skin, postprandial hypoglycaemia, diabetes insipidus, abnormal leptin level and coexistence of lean and obese siblings in the family discovers many genetic forms of obesity. There are about 30 monogenic forms of obesity. In addition, obesity is different in ethnic groups, and the types of monogenic obesity differ. In brief, an increasing number of genes and genetic mechanisms in children continue to be discovered. This sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms of obesity and potentially gives a target for new forms of treatment.
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Abstract
Directly assessing the pathogenicity of variant combinations in multiple genes was until now difficult. Nonetheless, this type of assessment can provide important benefits in identifying the genetic causes of rare diseases. The work presented in this paper aims to resolve this problem by presenting a machine-learning method able to predict the pathogenicity of variant combinations in gene pairs, based on pathogenic data. We demonstrate the high accuracy of this method and its effective capacity to identify novel instances. The method’s decision-making process is also made explicit, a contribution that is useful for clinical interpretation. This pioneering work will lead to toolboxes for geneticists and clinicians that can aid them in counselling their patients more effectively. Notwithstanding important advances in the context of single-variant pathogenicity identification, novel breakthroughs in discerning the origins of many rare diseases require methods able to identify more complex genetic models. We present here the Variant Combinations Pathogenicity Predictor (VarCoPP), a machine-learning approach that identifies pathogenic variant combinations in gene pairs (called digenic or bilocus variant combinations). We show that the results produced by this method are highly accurate and precise, an efficacy that is endorsed when validating the method on recently published independent disease-causing data. Confidence labels of 95% and 99% are identified, representing the probability of a bilocus combination being a true pathogenic result, providing geneticists with rational markers to evaluate the most relevant pathogenic combinations and limit the search space and time. Finally, the VarCoPP has been designed to act as an interpretable method that can provide explanations on why a bilocus combination is predicted as pathogenic and which biological information is important for that prediction. This work provides an important step toward the genetic understanding of rare diseases, paving the way to clinical knowledge and improved patient care.
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Singh M, Garrison JE, Wang K, Sheffield VC. Absence of BBSome function leads to astrocyte reactivity in the brain. Mol Brain 2019; 12:48. [PMID: 31072410 PMCID: PMC6509862 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, dysfunctional primary cilia result in Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), which presents with clinical features including intellectual disabilities, obesity, and retinal degeneration, and, in mouse models, the added feature of hydrocephalus. We observed increased Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity in BBS mouse brains. Increased GFAP expression is a hallmark of astrocyte reactivity that is associated with microglia activation and neuro-inflammation. To gain a better understanding of reactive astrocytes observed in BBS mice, we used two mouse models of BBS8, a BBSome protein, to characterize the reactive astrocyte phenotype. The finding of reactive astrocytes in young BBS mouse brains led us to hypothesize that loss of BBSome function leads to reactive astrocytes prior to hydrocephalus and obesity. By using two mouse models of BBS8, a congenital BBS8 knockout with hydrocephalus, and a tamoxifen-inducible BBS8 knockout without hydrocephalus, we were able to molecularly phenotype the reactive astrocytes. Molecular phenotype of reactive astrocytes shows differential regulation of inducers of Pan, A1 neurotoxic, and A2 neuroprotective astrocytes that are significantly altered in brains of both congenital and induced knockouts of BBS8, but without microglia activation. We find evidence for neuroinflammation in the brains of congenital knockout mice, but not in induced knockout mice. Protein levels of GFAP, SERPINA3N and post-synaptic density 95 (PSD95) are significantly increased in congenital knockout mice, but remain unchanged in induced knockout mice. Thus, despite the reactive astrocyte phenotype being present in both models, the molecular signature of reactive astrocytes in BBS8 mice models are distinct. Together, these findings suggest that BBS8, and by extension the BBSome, plays a role in neuro-astrocyte functions independent of hydrocephalus, and its dysregulation is associated with astrocyte reactivity without microglia activation. (Total word count 278).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minati Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Janelle E Garrison
- Departments of Pediatrics and Ophthalmology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Val C Sheffield
- Departments of Pediatrics and Ophthalmology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Andersen MK, Hansen T. Genetics of metabolic traits in Greenlanders: lessons from an isolated population. J Intern Med 2018; 284:464-477. [PMID: 30101502 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we describe the extraordinary population of Greenland, which differs from large outbred populations of Europe and Asia, both in terms of population history and living conditions. Many years in isolation, small population size and an extreme environment have shaped the genetic composition of the Greenlandic population. The unique genetic background combined with the transition from a traditional Inuit lifestyle and diet, to a more Westernized lifestyle, has led to an increase in the prevalence of metabolic conditions like obesity, where the prevalence from 1993 to 2010 has increased from 16.4% to 19.4% among men, and from 13.0% to 25.4% among women, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The genetic susceptibility to metabolic conditions has been explored in Greenlanders, as well as other isolated populations, taking advantage of population-genetic properties of these populations. During the last 10 years, these studies have provided examples of loci showing evidence of positive selection, due to adaption to Arctic climate and Inuit diet, including TBC1D4 and FADS/CPT1A, and have facilitated the discovery of several loci associated with metabolic phenotypes. Most recently, the c.2433-1G>A loss-of-function variant in ADCY3 associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes was described. This locus has provided novel biological insights, as it has been shown that reduced ADCY3 function causes obesity through disrupted function in primary cilia. Future studies of isolated populations will likely provide further genetic as well as biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Andersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chandrasekar SP, Namboothiri S, Sen P, Sarangapani S. Screening for mutation hotspots in Bardet-Biedl syndrome patients from India. Indian J Med Res 2018; 147:177-182. [PMID: 29806606 PMCID: PMC5991121 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1822_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder characterized by multiple organ defects involving retina, kidney, liver and brain. Disease-causing mutations in BBS genes narrowed down by homozygosity mapping in small consanguineous and non-consanguineous pedigrees were reported in 80 per cent of the study population. This study was aimed to screen these genes (BBS3, BBS10) and specific exons of BBS genes (BBS1, BBS5, MKKS, BBS9, BBS11 and BBS12) for recurrent mutations in a selected sample of BBS patients. Methods: The recurrent mutations in BBS genes were screened in the BBS affected individuals by PCR based direct sequencing. The pathogenicity of the observed mutations were confirmed by co-segregation analysis, screening of healthy unrelated controls and in silico analysis. Results: In the 64 BBS patients (44 males, 20 females) were studied, mutations were predominant in BBS10 and ARL6 genes; the c.272T>C; p.(I91T) mutation in ARL6 gene was a recurrent mutation. One novel non-sense mutation c.425T>G; p(L142*) was obtained in BBS5 gene (family BSI-31). Interpretation & conclusions: BBS10 gene mutations clustered in exon 2 of the gene suggesting the exon as a probable hotspot for mutations in Indian population. A cost- and time-effective strategy for the molecular diagnosis of BBS was designed based on these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Priya Chandrasekar
- SN ONGC Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai; School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Sheela Namboothiri
- Department of Paediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Kochi, India
| | - Parveen Sen
- Department of Vitreo Retina Clinic, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Sripriya Sarangapani
- SN ONGC Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India
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Watson BA, Feenstra JM, Van Arsdale JM, Rai-Bhatti KS, Kim DJH, Coggins AS, Mattison GL, Yoo S, Steinman ED, Pira CU, Gongol BR, Oberg KC. LHX2 Mediates the FGF-to-SHH Regulatory Loop during Limb Development. J Dev Biol 2018; 6:E13. [PMID: 29914077 PMCID: PMC6027391 DOI: 10.3390/jdb6020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During limb development, fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) govern proximal⁻distal outgrowth and patterning. FGFs also synchronize developmental patterning between the proximal⁻distal and anterior⁻posterior axes by maintaining Sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression in cells of the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) in the distal posterior mesoderm. Shh, in turn, maintains Fgfs in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) that caps the distal tip of the limb bud. Crosstalk between Fgf and Shh signaling is critical for patterned limb development, but the mechanisms underlying this feedback loop are not well-characterized. Implantation of Fgf beads in the proximal posterior limb bud can maintain SHH expression in the former ZPA domain (evident 3 h after application), while prolonged exposure (24 h) can induce SHH outside of this domain. Although temporally and spatially disparate, comparative analysis of transcriptome data from these different populations accentuated genes involved in SHH regulation. Comparative analysis identified 25 candidates common to both treatments, with eight linked to SHH expression or function. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LHX2, a LIM Homeodomain transcription factor, is an intermediate in the FGF-mediated regulation of SHH. Our data suggest that LHX2 acts as a competency factor maintaining distal posterior SHH expression subjacent to the AER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy A Watson
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Jennifer M Feenstra
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Jonathan M Van Arsdale
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Karndeep S Rai-Bhatti
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Diana J H Kim
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Ashley S Coggins
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Gennaya L Mattison
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Stephen Yoo
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Eric D Steinman
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Charmaine U Pira
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Brendan R Gongol
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Kerby C Oberg
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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Geets E, Meuwissen MEC, Van Hul W. Clinical, molecular genetics and therapeutic aspects of syndromic obesity. Clin Genet 2018; 95:23-40. [PMID: 29700824 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health problem worldwide. To date, more than 25 different syndromic forms of obesity are known in which one (monogenic) or multiple (polygenic) genes are involved. This review gives an overview of these forms and focuses more in detail on 6 syndromes: Prader Willi Syndrome and Prader Willi like phenotype, Bardet Biedl Syndrome, Alström Syndrome, Wilms tumor, Aniridia, Genitourinary malformations and mental Retardation syndrome and 16p11.2 (micro)deletions. Years of research provided plenty of information on the molecular genetics of these disorders and the obesity phenotype leading to a more individualized treatment of the symptoms, however, many questions still remain unanswered. As these obesity syndromes have different signs and symptoms in common, it makes it difficult to accurately diagnose patients which may result in inappropriate treatment of the disease. Therefore, the big challenge for clinicians and scientists is to more clearly differentiate all syndromic forms of obesity to provide conclusive genetic explanations and eventually deliver accurate genetic counseling and treatment. In addition, further delineation of the (functions of the) underlying genes with the use of array- or next-generation sequencing-based technology will be helpful to unravel the mechanisms of energy metabolism in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Geets
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M E C Meuwissen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - W Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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Jeong AL, Ka HI, Han S, Lee S, Lee EW, Soh SJ, Joo HJ, Sumiyasuren B, Park JY, Lim JS, Park JH, Lee MS, Yang Y. Oncoprotein CIP2A promotes the disassembly of primary cilia and inhibits glycolytic metabolism. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:e45144. [PMID: 29491003 PMCID: PMC5934771 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In most mammalian cells, the primary cilium is a microtubule-enriched protrusion of the plasma membrane and acts as a key coordinator of signaling pathways during development and tissue homeostasis. The primary cilium is generated from the basal body, and cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A), the overexpression of which stabilizes c-MYC to support the malignant growth of tumor cells, is localized in the centrosome. Here, we show that CIP2A overexpression induces primary cilia disassembly through the activation of Aurora A kinase, and CIP2A depletion increases ciliated cells and cilia length in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE1) cells. CIP2A depletion also shifts metabolism toward the glycolytic pathway by altering the expression of metabolic genes related to glycolysis. However, glycolytic activation in CIP2A-depleted cells does not depend on cilia assembly, even though enhanced cilia assembly alone activates glycolytic metabolism. Collectively, these data suggest that CIP2A promotes primary cilia disassembly and that CIP2A depletion induces metabolic reprogramming independent of primary cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Lee Jeong
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Life Systems, Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Osong, Korea
| | - Hye In Ka
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Life Systems, Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sora Han
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Life Systems, Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunyi Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Life Systems, Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
- Drug Evaluation Group, R&D Center CJ HealthCare, Icheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Su Jung Soh
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Life Systems, Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Joo
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Life Systems, Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Buyanravjkh Sumiyasuren
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Life Systems, Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Life Systems, Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Lim
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Life Systems, Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Park
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Life Systems, Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Sok Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Life Systems, Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Yang
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Life Systems, Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Nikkhah E, Safaralizadeh R, Mohammadiasl J, Tahmasebi Birgani M, Hosseinpour Feizi MA, Golchin N. Identification of A Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutation in BBS12 in An Iranian Family with Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Using Targeted Next Generation Sequencing. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:284-289. [PMID: 29633607 PMCID: PMC5893301 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.5012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic and multisystemic disorder characterized by rod-cone dystrophy, polydactyly,
learning difficulties, renal abnormalities, obesity and hypogonadism. This disorder is genetically heterogeneous. Until
now, a total of nineteen genes have been identified for BBS whose mutations explain more than 80% of diagnosed
cases. Recently, the development of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology has accelerated mutation screening
of target genes, resulting in lower cost and less time consumption. Here, we screened the most common BBS genes
(BBS1-BBS13) using NGS in an Iranian family of a proposita displaying symptoms of BBS. Among the 18 mutations
identified in the proposita, one (BBS12 c.56T>G and BBS12 c.1156C>T) was novel. This compound heterozygosity
was confirmed by Sanger sequencing in the proposita and her parents. Although our data were presented as a case
report, however, we suggest a new probable genetic mechanism other than the conventional autosomal recessive
inheritance of BBS. Additionally, given that in some Iranian provinces, like Khuzestan, consanguineous marriages
are common, designing mutational panels for genetic diseases is strongly recommended, especially for those with an
autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Nikkhah
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Javad Mohammadiasl
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Tahmasebi Birgani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Cytogenomic identification and long-read single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing of a Bardet-Biedl Syndrome 9 ( BBS9) deletion. NPJ Genom Med 2018; 3:3. [PMID: 29367880 PMCID: PMC5778042 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-017-0042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a recessive disorder characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations, including truncal obesity, rod-cone dystrophy, renal anomalies, postaxial polydactyly, and variable developmental delays. At least 20 genes have been implicated in BBS, and all are involved in primary cilia function. We report a 1-year-old male child from Guyana with obesity, postaxial polydactyly on his right foot, hypotonia, ophthalmologic abnormalities, and developmental delay, which together indicated a clinical diagnosis of BBS. Clinical chromosomal microarray (CMA) testing and high-throughput BBS gene panel sequencing detected a homozygous 7p14.3 deletion of exons 1–4 of BBS9 that was encompassed by a 17.5 Mb region of homozygosity at chromosome 7p14.2–p21.1. The precise breakpoints of the deletion were delineated to a 72.8 kb region in the proband and carrier parents by third-generation long-read single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing (Pacific Biosciences), which suggested non-homologous end joining as a likely mechanism of formation. Long-read SMRT sequencing of the deletion breakpoints also determined that the aberration included the neighboring RP9 gene implicated in retinitis pigmentosa; however, the clinical significance of this was considered uncertain given the paucity of reported cases with unambiguous RP9 mutations. Taken together, our study characterized a BBS9 deletion, and the identification of this shared haplotype in the parents suggests that this pathogenic aberration may be a BBS founder mutation in the Guyanese population. Importantly, this informative case also highlights the utility of long-read SMRT sequencing to map nucleotide breakpoints of clinically relevant structural variants.
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Cronjé L. Bardet–Biedl syndrome: expect the unexpected, suspect the unsuspected. SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/22201181.2017.1379719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Cronjé
- Perioperative Research Group, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa
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46
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Gazzo A, Raimondi D, Daneels D, Moreau Y, Smits G, Van Dooren S, Lenaerts T. Understanding mutational effects in digenic diseases. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:e140. [PMID: 28911095 PMCID: PMC5587785 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To further our understanding of the complexity and genetic heterogeneity of rare diseases, it has become essential to shed light on how combinations of variants in different genes are responsible for a disease phenotype. With the appearance of a resource on digenic diseases, it has become possible to evaluate how digenic combinations differ in terms of the phenotypes they produce. All instances in this resource were assigned to two classes of digenic effects, annotated as true digenic and composite classes. Whereas in the true digenic class variants in both genes are required for developing the disease, in the composite class, a variant in one gene is sufficient to produce the phenotype, but an additional variant in a second gene impacts the disease phenotype or alters the age of onset. We show that a combination of variant, gene and higher-level features can differentiate between these two classes with high accuracy. Moreover, we show via the analysis of three digenic disorders that a digenic effect decision profile, extracted from the predictive model, motivates why an instance was assigned to either of the two classes. Together, our results show that digenic disease data generates novel insights, providing a glimpse into the oligogenic realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gazzo
- Interuniversity Institute for Bioinformatics in Brussels, ULB-VUB, Boulevard du Triomphe CP 263, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- MLG, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 212, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, Reproduction Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniele Raimondi
- Interuniversity Institute for Bioinformatics in Brussels, ULB-VUB, Boulevard du Triomphe CP 263, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- MLG, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 212, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dorien Daneels
- Interuniversity Institute for Bioinformatics in Brussels, ULB-VUB, Boulevard du Triomphe CP 263, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, Reproduction Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput core (BRIGHTcore), VUB-ULB, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussel
| | - Yves Moreau
- ESAT-STADIUS, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Smits
- Interuniversity Institute for Bioinformatics in Brussels, ULB-VUB, Boulevard du Triomphe CP 263, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sonia Van Dooren
- Interuniversity Institute for Bioinformatics in Brussels, ULB-VUB, Boulevard du Triomphe CP 263, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, Reproduction Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput core (BRIGHTcore), VUB-ULB, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussel
| | - Tom Lenaerts
- Interuniversity Institute for Bioinformatics in Brussels, ULB-VUB, Boulevard du Triomphe CP 263, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- MLG, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 212, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- AI lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Castro-Sánchez S, Álvarez-Satta M, Tohamy MA, Beltran S, Derdak S, Valverde D. Whole exome sequencing as a diagnostic tool for patients with ciliopathy-like phenotypes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183081. [PMID: 28800606 PMCID: PMC5553726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of rare disorders characterized by a high genetic and phenotypic variability, which complicates their molecular diagnosis. Hence the need to use the latest powerful approaches to faster identify the genetic defect in these patients. We applied whole exome sequencing to six consanguineous families clinically diagnosed with ciliopathy-like disease, and for which mutations in predominant Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) genes had previously been excluded. Our strategy, based on first applying several filters to ciliary variants and using many of the bioinformatics tools available, allowed us to identify causal mutations in BBS2, ALMS1 and CRB1 genes in four families, thus confirming the molecular diagnosis of ciliopathy. In the remaining two families, after first rejecting the presence of pathogenic variants in common cilia-related genes, we adopted a new filtering strategy combined with prioritisation tools to rank the final candidate genes for each case. Thus, we propose CORO2B, LMO7 and ZNF17 as novel candidate ciliary genes, but further functional studies will be needed to confirm their role. Our data show the usefulness of this strategy to diagnose patients with unclear phenotypes, and therefore the success of applying such technologies to achieve a rapid and reliable molecular diagnosis, improving genetic counselling for these patients. In addition, the described pipeline also highlights the common pitfalls associated to the large volume of data we have to face and the difficulty of assigning a functional role to these changes, hence the importance of designing the most appropriate strategy according to each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Castro-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Research Group of Rare Diseases & Pediatric Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO) (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia), Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - María Álvarez-Satta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Research Group of Rare Diseases & Pediatric Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO) (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia), Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Mohamed A. Tohamy
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sergi Beltran
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sophia Derdak
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Valverde
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Research Group of Rare Diseases & Pediatric Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO) (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia), Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Priya S, Nampoothiri S, Sen P, Sripriya S. Bardet-Biedl syndrome: Genetics, molecular pathophysiology, and disease management. Indian J Ophthalmol 2017; 64:620-627. [PMID: 27853007 PMCID: PMC5151149 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.194328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia play a key role in sensory perception and various signaling pathways. Any defect in them leads to group of disorders called ciliopathies, and Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS, OMIM 209900) is one among them. The disorder is clinically and genetically heterogeneous, with various primary and secondary clinical manifestations, and shows autosomal recessive inheritance and highly prevalent in inbred/consanguineous populations. The disease mapped to at least twenty different genes (BBS1-BBS20), follow oligogenic inheritance pattern. BBS proteins localizes to the centerosome and regulates the biogenesis and functions of the cilia. In BBS, the functioning of various systemic organs (with ciliated cells) gets deranged and results in systemic manifestations. Certain components of the disease (such as obesity, diabetes, and renal problems) when noticed earlier offer a disease management benefit to the patients. However, the awareness of the disease is comparatively low and most often noticed only after severe vision loss in patients, which is usually in the first decade of the patient's age. In the current review, we have provided the recent updates retrieved from various types of scientific literature through journals, on the genetics, its molecular relevance, and the clinical outcome in BBS. The review in nutshell would provide the basic awareness of the disease that will have an impact in disease management and counseling benefits to the patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Priya
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Kamal Nayan Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu; School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Parveen Sen
- Department of Vitreoretina Clinic, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sripriya
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Kamal Nayan Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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49
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Ullah A, Umair M, Yousaf M, Khan SA, Nazim-ud-din M, Shah K, Ahmad F, Azeem Z, Ali G, Alhaddad B, Rafique A, Jan A, Haack TB, Strom TM, Meitinger T, Ghous T, Ahmad W. Sequence variants in four genes underlying Bardet-Biedl syndrome in consanguineous families. Mol Vis 2017; 23:482-494. [PMID: 28761321 PMCID: PMC5524433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the molecular basis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) in five consanguineous families of Pakistani origin. METHODS Linkage in two families (A and B) was established to BBS7 on chromosome 4q27, in family C to BBS8 on chromosome 14q32.1, and in family D to BBS10 on chromosome 12q21.2. Family E was investigated directly with exome sequence analysis. RESULTS Sanger sequencing revealed two novel mutations and three previously reported mutations in the BBS genes. These mutations include two deletions (c.580_582delGCA, c.1592_1597delTTCCAG) in the BBS7 gene, a missense mutation (p.Gln449His) in the BBS8 gene, a frameshift mutation (c.271_272insT) in the BBS10 gene, and a nonsense mutation (p.Ser40*) in the MKKS (BBS6) gene. CONCLUSIONS Two novel mutations and three previously reported variants, identified in the present study, further extend the body of evidence implicating BBS6, BBS7, BBS8, and BBS10 in causing BBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan,Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maryam Yousaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Sher Alam Khan
- Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nazim-ud-din
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Khadim Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Azeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghazanfar Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Bader Alhaddad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Afzal Rafique
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Jan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan,Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan
| | - Tobias B. Haack
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim M. Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tahseen Ghous
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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50
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Recent progress in genetics, epigenetics and metagenomics unveils the pathophysiology of human obesity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:943-86. [PMID: 27154742 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In high-, middle- and low-income countries, the rising prevalence of obesity is the underlying cause of numerous health complications and increased mortality. Being a complex and heritable disorder, obesity results from the interplay between genetic susceptibility, epigenetics, metagenomics and the environment. Attempts at understanding the genetic basis of obesity have identified numerous genes associated with syndromic monogenic, non-syndromic monogenic, oligogenic and polygenic obesity. The genetics of leanness are also considered relevant as it mirrors some of obesity's aetiologies. In this report, we summarize ten genetically elucidated obesity syndromes, some of which are involved in ciliary functioning. We comprehensively review 11 monogenic obesity genes identified to date and their role in energy maintenance as part of the leptin-melanocortin pathway. With the emergence of genome-wide association studies over the last decade, 227 genetic variants involved in different biological pathways (central nervous system, food sensing and digestion, adipocyte differentiation, insulin signalling, lipid metabolism, muscle and liver biology, gut microbiota) have been associated with polygenic obesity. Advances in obligatory and facilitated epigenetic variation, and gene-environment interaction studies have partly accounted for the missing heritability of obesity and provided additional insight into its aetiology. The role of gut microbiota in obesity pathophysiology, as well as the 12 genes associated with lipodystrophies is discussed. Furthermore, in an attempt to improve future studies and merge the gap between research and clinical practice, we provide suggestions on how high-throughput '-omic' data can be integrated in order to get closer to the new age of personalized medicine.
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