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Yi S, Zhang C, Li M, Qu T, Wang J. Machine learning and experiments identifies SPINK1 as a candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:231. [PMID: 38093163 PMCID: PMC10719188 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00849-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Machine learning techniques have been widely used in predicting disease prognosis, including cancer prognosis. One of the major challenges in cancer prognosis is to accurately classify cancer types and stages to optimize early screening and detection, and machine learning techniques have proven to be very useful in this regard. In this study, we aimed at identifying critical genes for diagnosis and outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients using machine learning. The HCC expression dataset was downloaded from GSE65372 datasets and TCGA datasets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between 39 HCC and 15 normal samples. For the purpose of locating potential biomarkers, the LASSO and the SVM-RFE assays were performed. The ssGSEA method was used to analyze the TCGA to determine whether there was an association between SPINK1 and tumor immune infiltrates. RT-PCR was applied to examine the expression of SPINK1 in HCC specimens and cells. A series of functional assays were applied to examine the function of SPINK1 knockdown on the proliferation of HCC cells. In this study, 103 DEGs were obtained. Based on LASSO and SVM-RFE analysis, we identified nine critical diagnostic genes, including C10orf113, SPINK1, CNTLN, NRG3, HIST1H2AI, GPRIN3, SCTR, C2orf40 and PITX1. Importantly, we confirmed SPINK1 as a prognostic gene in HCC. Multivariate analysis confirmed that SPINK1 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survivals of HCC patients. We also found that SPINK1 level was positively associated with Macrophages, B cells, TFH, T cells, Th2 cells, iDC, NK CD56bright cells, Th1 cells, aDC, while negatively associated with Tcm and Eosinophils. Finally, we demonstrated that SPINK1 expression was distinctly increased in HCC specimens and cells. Functionally, silence of SPINK1 distinctly suppressed the proliferation of HCC cells via regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The evidence provided suggested that SPINK1 may possess oncogenic properties by inducing dysregulated immune infiltration in HCC. Additionally, SPINK1 was identified as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Department of Colorectal and Anus Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Tianyi Qu
- Emergency Department, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, China.
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Hou JY, Xiao YT, Huang JB, Jiang XH, Jiang K, Li X, Xu L, Chen MS. Real-Life Experience of Regorafenib in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917384. [PMID: 35734398 PMCID: PMC9207200 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The RESORCE trial reported that regorafenib was effective as the second-line treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after progression on sorafenib. Real-world data are needed to assess clinical outcomes and adverse events in the setting of daily practice. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of regorafenib after disease progression with sorafenib in Chinese patients with advanced HCC. Patients and Methods: A total of 41 patients with advanced HCC who did not respond to sorafenib and followed a regorafenib regimen were enrolled in this retrospective study. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), radiological responses, and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. Survival curves were compared by using the log-rank test and constructed with the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: The median PFS with regorafenib was 6.6 months (range: 5.0–8.2 months), and the median OS with regorafenib was not reached. The 1-year OS rate of regorafenib was 66.4%. The median OS of sequential sorafenib to regorafenib treatment was 35.3 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 24.3–46.3], and the 2-year OS rate of sequential sorafenib to regorafenib treatment was 74.4%. The most common AEs of regorafenib treatment were elevated aspartate aminotransferase [17/41 patients (41.5%)], elevated alanine aminotransferase [16/41 patients (39%)] and hand-foot syndrome [14/41 patients (34.1%)]. Conclusion: Regorafenib appears to be safe and clinically effective in patients with advanced HCC who progressed on first-line sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Hou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-ting Xiao
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Bo Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Hua Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xun Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Xu, ; Min-Shan Chen,
| | - Min-Shan Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Xu, ; Min-Shan Chen,
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Li C, Salmen SH, Awad Alahmadi T, Priya Veeraraghavan V, Krishna Mohan S, Natarajan N, Subramanian S. Anticancer effect of Selenium/Chitosan/Polyethylene glycol/Allyl isothiocyanate nanocomposites against diethylnitrosamine-induced liver cancer in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3354-3365. [PMID: 35844425 PMCID: PMC9280227 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nano-based drug delivery systems have shown several advantages in cancer treatment like specific targeting of cancer cells, good pharmacokinetics, and lesser adverse effects. Liver cancer is a fifth most common cancer and third leading cause of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. Objective The present study focusses to formulate the selenium (S)/chitosan (C)/polyethylene glycol (Pg)/allyl isothiocyanate (AI) nanocomposites (SCPg-AI-NCs) and assess its therapeutic properties against the diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver cancer in rats via inhibition of oxidative stress and tumor markers. Methodology The SCPg-AI-NCs were synthesized by ionic gelation technique and characterized by various characterization techniques. The liver cancer was induced to the rats by injecting a DEN (200 mg/kg) on the 8th day of experiment. Then DEN-induced rats treated with 10 mg/kg of formulated SCPg-AI-NCs an hour before DEN administration for 16 weeks. The 8-hydroxy-2′ -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content, albumin, globulin, and total protein were examined by standard methods. The level of glutathione (GSH), vitamin-C & -E, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were examined using assay kits. The liver marker enzymes i.e., alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate tansaminase (AST), γ-glutamyl transaminase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Bax, and Bcl-2 levels, and caspase-3&9 activities was examined using assay kits and the liver histopathology was assessed microscopically by hematoxylin and eosin staining method. The effect of formulated SCPg-AI-NCs on the viability and apoptotic cell death on the HepG2 cells were examined using MTT and dual staining assays, respectively. Results The results of different characterization studies demonstrated the formation of SCPg-AI-NCs with tetragonal shape, narrowed distribution, and size ranging from 390 to 450 nm. The formulated SCPg-AI-NCs treated liver cancer rats indicated the reduced levels of 8-OHdG, albumin, globulin, and total protein. The SCPg-AI-NCs treatment appreciably improved the GSH, vitamin-C & -E contents, and SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR activities in the serum of liver cancer rats. The SCPg-AI-NCs treatment remarkably reduced the liver marker enzyme activities in the DEN-induced rats. The SCPg-AI-NCs treatment decreased the AFP and CEA contents and enhanced the Bax and caspase 3&9 activities in the DEN-induced rats. The SCPg-AI-NCs effectively decreased the cell viability and induced apoptosis in the HepG2 cells. Conclusion The present findings suggested that the formulated SCPg-AI-NCs remarkably inhibited the DEN-induced liver carcinogenesis in rats. These findings provide an evidence that SCPg-AI-NCs can be a promising anticancer nano-drug in the future to treat the liver carcinogenesis.
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N- trans-Feruloyloctopamine Wakes Up BBC3, DDIT3, CDKN1A, and NOXA Signals to Accelerate HCC Cell Apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2021:1560307. [PMID: 34123711 PMCID: PMC8166497 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1560307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
N-trans-Feruloyloctopamine (FO), a natural compound, was reported in our previous study to inhibit a tumor cell malignant phenotype by AKT- and EMT-related signals and might be used as a promising drug for HCC treatment. However, the specific targets and detailed mechanisms still need to be clarified. Screening with RNA-Seq in Huh7 cells treated with FO revealed that 317 genes were modulated, of which 188 genes were upregulated and 129 genes were downregulated. Real-time cell analyzer and flow cytometry data reveal that tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis were impacted by FO. DAVID bioinformatic data showed that most of the biological process GO terms are related to proliferation and apoptosis. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that FO mainly regulates PI3K-AKT- and apoptosis-related signals, in which BBC3, DDIT3, NOXA, and CDKN1A on the surface serve as the novel targets of FO inducing HCC cell apoptosis. The result implied that FO might exacerbate HCC cell apoptosis by regulating BBC3, DDIT3, CDKN1A, and NOXA signals. The obstacle effect of FO can provide new targets and new credibility for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Hu CL, Zhang YJ, Zhang XF, Fei X, Zhang H, Li CG, Sun B. 3D Culture of Circulating Tumor Cells for Evaluating Early Recurrence and Metastasis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2673-2688. [PMID: 33888992 PMCID: PMC8057830 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s298427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are considered to be a key factor involved in tumor metastasis. However, the isolation and culture of CTCs in vitro remains challenging, and their clinical application for predicting prognosis and survival is still limited. The development of accurate evaluating system for CTCs will benefit for clinical assessment of HCC. Methods Density gradient centrifugation and magnetic separation based on CD45 antibody were used to isolate CTCs. 3D culture was used to maintain and amplify CTCs and HCC cells. Cellular immunofluorescence was used to identify CTCs and spheroids. The cutoff value of CTC spheroid was calculated using X-tile software. The relationship between clinicopathological variables and CTC spheroids in HCC patients is analyzed. In vivo models were used to evaluate tumor growth and metastasis of CTC spheroids. Results Patient-derived CTCs/HCC cells were isolated and expanded to form spheroids using 3D culture. CTC spheroids could be used to predict short-term recurrence of CTCs compared with conventional CTC enumeration. Different cell lines exhibited different formation rates and grew to different sizes. Identification of CTC spheroids revealed that EpCAM and β-catenin were expressed in spheroids derived from HCC cells and in the HCC/CTCs. EpCAM-positive HCC cells exhibited improved spheroid formation in 3D culture and were more tumorigenic and likely to metastasize to the lung in vivo. Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was observed in EpCAM positive cells. Conclusion CTC spheroids could predict prognosis of HCC more precisely compared with conventional CTC enumeration. EpCAM may participate in the formation and survival of CTC spheroids which dependent on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Li Hu
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jun Zhang
- School of Health and Social Care, Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, Shanghai, 201415, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Fei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Guang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
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Wang XH, Liu QB, Xiang CL, Mao XH, Yang B, Li Q, Zhou QF, Li SQ, Zhou ZG, Chen MS. Multi-institutional validation of novel models for predicting the prognosis of patients with huge hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:127-138. [PMID: 33586134 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The population of patients with huge hepatocellular carcinoma (H-HCC diameter > 10.0 cm) is an odd group that is not well adjudicated in the current staging systems, whose prognosis after curative resection varies. We aimed to develop novel models to predict the long-term outcomes of patients with H-HCC without portal vein tumor thrombus after hepatectomy. There were 1076 H-HCC patients enrolled who underwent curative liver resection in five institutions in China. In total, 670 patients were recruited from our center and randomly divided into the training cohort (n = 502) and internal validation (n = 168) cohorts. Additionally, 406 patients selected from other four centers as the external validation cohort. Novel models were constructed based on independent preoperative and postoperative predictors of postsurgical recurrence (PSR) and postsurgical mortality (PSM) determined in multivariable cox regression analysis. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the model were measured using Harrell's concordance index (C index) and calibration curve and compared with five conventional HCC staging systems. PSR model and PSM model were constructed based on tumor number, microscopic vascular invasion, tumor differentiation, preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level, albumin-bilirubin grade, liver segment invasion, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio or platelet-to-neutrophil ratio, and surgical margin or intraoperative blood transfusion. The C-indexes were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.78-0.90) and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78-0.91) for the PSR and PSM models, respectively, which were substantially higher than those of the five conventional HCC staging systems (0.63-0.75 for PSR; 0.66-0.77 for PSM). The two novel models achieved more accurate prognostic predictions of PSR and PSM for H-HCC patients after curative liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-Bo Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cai-Ling Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xian-Hai Mao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun-Fang Zhou
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shao-Qiang Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhong-Guo Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min-Shan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Chagas AL, Mattos AAD, Carrilho FJ, Bittencourt PL, Vezozzo DCP, Horvat N, Rocha MDS, Alves VAF, Coral GP, Alvares-DA-Silva MR, Barros FMDR, Menezes MR, Monsignore LM, Coelho FF, Silva RFD, Silva RDCMA, Boin IDFSF, D Albuquerque LAC, Garcia JHP, Felga GEG, Moreira AM, Braghiroli MIFM, Hoff PMG, Mello VBD, Dottori MF, Branco TP, Schiavon LDL, Costa TDFA. BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF HEPATOLOGY UPDATED RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2020; 57:1-20. [PMID: 32294682 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202000000-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The Brazilian Society of Hepatology (SBH) published in 2015 its first recommendations about the management of HCC. Since then, new data have emerged in the literature, prompting the governing board of SBH to sponsor a single-topic meeting in August 2018 in São Paulo. All the invited experts were asked to make a systematic review of the literature reviewing the management of HCC in subjects with cirrhosis. After the meeting, all panelists gathered together for the discussion of the topics and the elaboration of updated recommendations. The text was subsequently submitted for suggestions and approval of all members of the Brazilian Society of Hepatology through its homepage. The present manuscript is the final version of the reviewed manuscript containing the recommendations of SBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Lopes Chagas
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Angelo Alves de Mattos
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre e Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Flair José Carrilho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Natally Horvat
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Manoel de Souza Rocha
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Venâncio Avancini Ferreira Alves
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Perdomo Coral
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre e Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | - Marcos Roberto Menezes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Lucas Moretti Monsignore
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Renato Ferreira da Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) e Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto (FUNFARME), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Rita de Cássia Martins Alves Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) e Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto (FUNFARME), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Airton Mota Moreira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Paulo Marcelo Gehm Hoff
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Tiago Pugliese Branco
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Zhao Y, Kong CQ, Ye JZ, Bai T, Luo T, Wang D, Chen M, Wang HF, Wang XB, Liu JJ, Chen J, Luo HL, Li LQ. Upregulation of Long Non-Coding RNA ENST00000429227.1 Is Correlated with Poor Prognosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6539-6546. [PMID: 31472071 PMCID: PMC6738009 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play an important regulatory role in many tumors. This study was designed to investigate the expression of lncRNA ENST00000429227.1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to determine whether the expression of lncRNA ENST00000429227.1 affects the prognosis of HCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS lncRNA ENST00000429227.1 showing differences in expression between M1 and M2 was screened by microarray expression measurements. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of lncRNA ENST00000429227.1 in 161 HCC patients. The chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between the expression of ENST00000429227.1 and clinicopathological parameters. A survival curve was drawn and analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression was used for univariate and multivariate analysis to determine whether lncRNA ENST00000429227.1 is an independent factor of the occurrence and prognosis of HCC. RESULTS A total of 3703 differentially expressed lncRNAs were obtained, of which 1777 were upregulated and 1926 were downregulated, with multiple change >1.5. The expression of lncRNA ENST00000429227.1 was upregulated in M2 cells. The expression of lncRNA ENST00000429227.1 in HCC tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (p<0.05), which was correlated with pathological parameters such as surgical margin (p=0.042), AFP (p=0.022) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage (p=0.008). Survival analysis showed that high expression of lncRNA ENST00000429227.1 was associated with a decrease in overall survival (OS) rate of HCC patients. Cox regression analysis showed that high expression of ENST00000429227.1 may be an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of HCC patients. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that upregulation of ENST00000429227.1 is associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients, and may be a new biomarker for the diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Cun-Qing Kong
- Imaging Center, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jia-Zhou Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Duo Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hui-Feng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Bo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jun-Jie Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hong-Lin Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Le-Qun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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Liu X, Hu J, Song X, Utpatel K, Zhang Y, Wang P, Lu X, Zhang J, Xu M, Su T, Che L, Wang J, Evert M, Calvisi DF, Chen X. Combined Treatment with MEK and mTOR Inhibitors is Effective in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070930. [PMID: 31277283 PMCID: PMC6679026 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer histotype, characterized by high biological aggressiveness and scarce treatment options. Recently, we have established a clinically relevant murine HCC model by co-expressing activated forms of v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) and oncogene c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition (c-Met) proto-oncogenes in the mouse liver via hydrodynamic tail vein injection (AKT/c-MET mice). Tumor cells from these mice demonstrated high activity of the AKT/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Ras/ Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades, two pathways frequently co-induced in human HCC. Methods: Here, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of sorafenib, regorafenib, the MEK inhibitor PD901 as well as the pan-mTOR inhibitor MLN0128 in the AKT/c-Met preclinical HCC model. Results: In these mice, neither sorafenib nor regorafenib demonstrated any efficacy. In contrast, administration of PD901 inhibited cell cycle progression of HCC cells in vitro. Combined PD901 and MLN0128 administration resulted in a pronounced growth constraint of HCC cell lines. In vivo, treatment with PD901 or MLN0128 alone moderately slowed HCC growth in AKT/c-MET mice. Importantly, the simultaneous administration of the two drugs led to a stable disease with limited tumor progression in mice. Mechanistically, combined mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) and mTOR inhibition resulted in a stronger cell cycle inhibition and growth arrest both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: Our study indicates that combination of MEK and mTOR inhibitors might represent an effective therapeutic approach against human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiong Liu
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xinhua Song
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Kirsten Utpatel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinjun Lu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, the First Aliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tao Su
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Li Che
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Xin Chen
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan, Wuhan 430065, China.
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Effect of protocatechuic acid-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles on diethylnitrosamine/phenobarbital-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217009. [PMID: 31141523 PMCID: PMC6541272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers investigating cancer chemotherapy and management continue to search for agents that selectively kill malignant cells and leave healthy neighboring cells intact. Natural products provide relevant resources for anti-cancer drug discovery. However, the physicochemical properties of these compounds limit their efficient uptake and bioavailability. We introduced a nanocarrier system, namely, zinc-aluminum-layered double hydroxide (ZnAl-LDH) intercalated with protocatechuic acid. In this study, the efficacy and toxicity of protocatechuic acid intercalated in zinc aluminum-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles (PCA-ZnAl) against diethylnitrosamine/phenobarbital (DEN/PB)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in BALB/c mice was evaluated. HCC in male mice was induced by a single-dose intraperitoneal administration of DEN and was promoted by the introduction of PB via drinking water for 12 weeks. HCC induction was confirmed after the DEN/PB introduction period by measurement of the elevated level of serum α-feto protein (AFP). The results showed that the level of α-fetoprotein was significantly reduced in PCA-ZnAl (350±43.90 ng/mL), doxorubicin (DOX) (290±20.52 ng/mL) and ZnAl-LDH (390±19.65 ng/mL) treated animals compared to HCC mice treated with normal saline (580.4± 52.04 ng/mL). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly increased, whereas the level of lipid peroxidation was significantly decreased in HCC mice treated with DOX, PCA-ZnAl and ZnAl-LDH compared with those in HCC mice treated with saline. Restoration of hepatocyte morphology was observed following treatment that was comparable to that in the normal control group. Deterioration of hepatic cells and a significant increase of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were observed in the cancer-induced untreated group compared with that in the groups treated with nanoparticles. The histopathological features of the liver obtained from PCA-ZnAl-treated mice showed a uniform size with a similar distribution of the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and nucleus centrally located in the cytoplasm, similar to the normal liver cells. The results underscored the potential of PCA-ZnAl for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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11
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Automated Volumetric Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Response to Sorafenib: A Pilot Study. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2019; 43:499-506. [PMID: 31082956 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This pilot study evaluates the feasibility of automated volumetric quantification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as an imaging biomarker to assess treatment response for sorafenib. METHODS In this institutional review board-approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant retrospective study, a training database of manually labeled background liver, enhancing and nonenhancing tumor tissue was established using pretherapy and first posttherapy multiphasic computed tomography images from a registry of 13 HCC patients. For each patient, Hounsfield density and geometry-based feature images were generated from registered multiphasic computed tomography data sets and used as the input for a random forest-based classifier of enhancing and nonenhancing tumor tissue. Leave-one-out cross-validation of the dice similarity measure was applied to quantify the classifier accuracy. A Cox regression model was used to confirm volume changes as predictors of time to progression (TTP) of target lesions for both manual and automatic methods. RESULTS When compared with manual labels, an overall classification accuracy of dice similarity coefficient of 0.71 for pretherapy and 0.66 posttherapy enhancing tumor labels and 0.45 for pretherapy and 0.59 for posttherapy nonenhancing tumor labels was observed. Automated methods for quantifying volumetric changes in the enhancing lesion agreed with manual methods and were observed as a significant predictor of TTP. CONCLUSIONS Automated volumetric analysis was determined to be feasible for monitoring HCC response to treatment. The information extracted using automated volumetrics is likely to reproduce labor-intensive manual data and provide a good predictor for TTP. Further work will extend these studies to additional treatment modalities and larger patient populations.
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12
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Prediction early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma eligible for curative ablation using a Radiomics nomogram. Cancer Imaging 2019; 19:21. [PMID: 31027510 PMCID: PMC6485136 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-019-0207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predicting early recurrence (ER) after radical therapy for HCC patients is critical for the decision of subsequent follow-up and treatment. Radiomic features derived from the medical imaging show great potential to predict prognosis. Here we aim to develop and validate a radiomics nomogram that could predict ER after curative ablation. METHODS Total 184 HCC patients treated from August 2007 to August 2014 were included in the study and were divided into the training (n = 129) and validation(n = 55) cohorts randomly. The endpoint was recurrence free survival (RFS). A set of 647 radiomics features were extracted from the 3 phases contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images. The minimum redundancy maximum relevance algorithm (MRMRA) was used for feature selection. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was used to build a radiomics signature. Recurrence prediction models were built using clinicopathological factors and radiomics signature, and a prognostic nomogram was developed and validated by calibration. RESULTS Among the four radiomics models, the portal venous phase model obtained the best performance in the validation subgroup (C-index = 0.736 (95%CI:0.726-0.856)). When adding the clinicopathological factors to the models, the portal venous phase combined model also yielded the best predictive performance for training (C-index = 0.792(95%CI:0.727-0.857) and validation (C-index = 0.755(95%CI:0.651-0.860) subgroup. The combined model indicated a more distinct improvement of predictive power than the simple clinical model (ANOVA, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This study successfully built a radiomics nomogram that integrated clinicopathological and radiomics features, which can be potentially used to predict ER after curative ablation for HCC patients.
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Krishan S, Dhiman RK, Kalra N, Sharma R, Baijal SS, Arora A, Gulati A, Eapan A, Verma A, Keshava S, Mukund A, Deva S, Chaudhary R, Ganesan K, Taneja S, Gorsi U, Gamanagatti S, Madhusudan KS, Puri P, Shalimar, Govil S, Wadhavan M, Saigal S, Kumar A, Thapar S, Duseja A, Saraf N, Khandelwal A, Mukhopadyay S, Gulati A, Shetty N, Verma N. Joint Consensus Statement of the Indian National Association for Study of the Liver and Indian Radiological and Imaging Association for the Diagnosis and Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incorporating Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2019; 9:625-651. [PMID: 31695253 PMCID: PMC6823668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 6th most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. There are currently no universally accepted practice guidelines for the diagnosis of HCC on imaging owing to the regional differences in epidemiology, target population, diagnostic imaging modalities, and staging and transplant eligibility. Currently available regional and national guidelines include those from the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD), the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver, the Japan Society of Hepatology, the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group, Hong Kong, and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network in the United States. India with its large population and a diverse health infrastructure faces challenges unique to its population in diagnosing HCC. Recently, American Association have introduced a Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LIRADS, version 2017, 2018) as an attempt to standardize the acquisition, interpretation, and reporting of liver lesions on imaging and hence improve the coherence between radiologists and clinicians and provide guidance for the management of HCC. The aim of the present consensus was to find a common ground in reporting and interpreting liver lesions pertaining to HCC on imaging keeping LIRADSv2018 in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Krishan
- Department of Radiology, Medanta Hospital, Gurgaon, India
| | - Radha K. Dhiman
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Address for correspondence: Radha Krishan Dhiman, MD, DM, FACG, FRCP, FAASLD, Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Navin Kalra
- Department of Radiology, Postgraduate Institute Of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Raju Sharma
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay S. Baijal
- Department of Diagnostic and Intervention Radiology, Medanta Hospital, Gurgaon, India
| | - Anil Arora
- Institute Of Liver Gastroenterology & Pancreatico Biliary Sciences, Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Gulati
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anu Eapan
- Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Department of Radiology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shyam Keshava
- Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Amar Mukund
- Department of Intervention Radiology, Institute of liver and biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Deva
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Chaudhary
- Department of Radiology, Medanta Hospital, Gurgaon, India
| | | | - Sunil Taneja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ujjwal Gorsi
- Department of Radiology, Postgraduate Institute Of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Kumble S. Madhusudan
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Puri
- Institute Of Liver Gastroenterology & Pancreatico Biliary Sciences, Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalimar
- Department of GastroEnterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Manav Wadhavan
- Institute of Digestive and Liver Diseases, BLK Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sanjiv Saigal
- Department of Hepatology, Medanta Hospital, Gurgaon, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Institute Of Liver Gastroenterology & Pancreatico Biliary Sciences, Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shallini Thapar
- Department of Radiology, Institute of liver and biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neeraj Saraf
- Department of Hepatology, Medanta Hospital, Gurgaon, India
| | | | | | - Ajay Gulati
- Department of Radiology, Postgraduate Institute Of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nitin Shetty
- Department of Radiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Nipun Verma
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Fan A, Wei J, Yang M, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Li N, Zhao D, Lu Y, Li J, Zhao J, Deng S, Zhang B, Zhu H, Chen X. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of YMR-65, a tubulin inhibitor, in tumor-bearing mice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:74-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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Yin L, Cai Z, Zhu B, Xu C. Identification of Key Pathways and Genes in the Dynamic Progression of HCC Based on WGCNA. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020092. [PMID: 29443924 PMCID: PMC5852588 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a devastating disease worldwide. Though many efforts have been made to elucidate the process of HCC, its molecular mechanisms of development remain elusive due to its complexity. To explore the stepwise carcinogenic process from pre-neoplastic lesions to the end stage of HCC, we employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) which has been proved to be an effective method in many diseases to detect co-expressed modules and hub genes using eight pathological stages including normal, cirrhosis without HCC, cirrhosis, low-grade dysplastic, high-grade dysplastic, very early and early, advanced HCC and very advanced HCC. Among the eight consecutive pathological stages, five representative modules are selected to perform canonical pathway enrichment and upstream regulator analysis by using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software. We found that cell cycle related biological processes were activated at four neoplastic stages, and the degree of activation of the cell cycle corresponded to the deterioration degree of HCC. The orange and yellow modules enriched in energy metabolism, especially oxidative metabolism, and the expression value of the genes decreased only at four neoplastic stages. The brown module, enriched in protein ubiquitination and ephrin receptor signaling pathways, correlated mainly with the very early stage of HCC. The darkred module, enriched in hepatic fibrosis/hepatic stellate cell activation, correlated with the cirrhotic stage only. The high degree hub genes were identified based on the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and were verified by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The novel five high degree hub genes signature that was identified in our study may shed light on future prognostic and therapeutic approaches. Our study brings a new perspective to the understanding of the key pathways and genes in the dynamic changes of HCC progression. These findings shed light on further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China.
- Luohe Medical College, Luohe 462002, Henan, China.
| | - Zhihui Cai
- Luohe Medical College, Luohe 462002, Henan, China.
| | - Baoan Zhu
- Luohe Medical College, Luohe 462002, Henan, China.
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China.
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16
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Sastry AV, Swet JH, Murphy KJ, Baker EH, Vrochides D, Martinie JB, McKillop IH, Iannitti DA. A novel 3-dimensional electromagnetic guidance system increases intraoperative microwave antenna placement accuracy. HPB (Oxford) 2017; 19:1066-1073. [PMID: 28917643 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failure to locate lesions and accurately place microwave antennas can lead to incomplete tumor ablation. The Emprint™ SX Ablation Platform employs real-time 3D-electromagnetic spatial antenna tracking to generate intraoperative laparoscopic antenna guidance. We sought to determine whether Emprint™ SX affected time/accuracy of antenna-placement in a laparoscopic training model. METHODS Targets (7-10 mm) were set in agar within a laparoscopic training device. Novices (no surgical experience), intermediates (surgical residents), and experts (HPB-surgeons) were asked to locate and hit targets using a MWA antenna (10-ultrasound only, 10-Emprint™ SX). Time to locate target, number of attempts to hit the target, first-time hit rate, and time from initiating antenna advance to hitting the target were measured. RESULTS Participants located 100% of targets using ultrasound, with experts taking significantly less time than novices and intermediates. Using ultrasound only, successful hit-rates were 70% for novices and 90% for intermediates and experts. Using Emprint™ SX, successful hit rates for all 3-groups were 100%, with significantly increased first-time hit-rates and reduced time required to hit targets compared to ultrasound only. DISCUSSION Emprint™ SX significantly improved accuracy and speed of antenna-placement independent of experience, and was particularly beneficial for novice users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit V Sastry
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jacob H Swet
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Keith J Murphy
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Erin H Baker
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Dionisios Vrochides
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - John B Martinie
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Iain H McKillop
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA.
| | - David A Iannitti
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
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17
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Immunosuppressive Medication Adherence in Liver Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:1198-201. [PMID: 27320586 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppressive medication is one of the pivotal factors in the outcome of liver transplant patients. Nonadherence to immunosuppressive therapy is a common problem after transplantation and affects graft and patient survival. This study aimed to assess immunosuppressive medication adherence in liver transplant recipients. METHODS Liver transplant recipients who underwent the Siriraj-Support Medication Adherence in Organ Transplantation (S-SMAOT) program were included in this cross-sectional study. Immunosuppressive medication adherence was assessed with the use of the Immunosuppressive Therapy Adherence Scale (ITAS, which is scored from 0 to 12; very poor to excellence adherence). The correlations between ITAS scores and the clinical profiles of the patients, duration after transplantation, and transplant educational scores post-test were also analyzed. RESULTS From October 2012 to September 2014, a total of 50 liver transplant recipients (86 visits) were enrolled in this study. The ratio of male to female patients was 48:52. The proportions of patients with ITAS scores of 12, 10-11, and 0-9 were 82.6%, 16.3% and 1.2%, respectively. ITAS score was significantly correlated with the duration after transplantation (P < .001) and the educational scores (P = .009). CONCLUSIONS Consistent assessment of patients' immunosuppressive medication adherence is essential to avoid problems of noncompliance and to improve the outcome after liver transplantation. The S-SMAOT program was an effective approach to significantly improve the medication adherence in liver transplant recipients.
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18
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Dasse KD, Lander MJ, Novelli PM. Chemoembolization With Drug-Eluting Beads for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Adv Pract Oncol 2016; 7:764-778. [PMID: 29670812 PMCID: PMC5902156 DOI: 10.6004/jadpro.2016.7.7.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Diener Dasse
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael J Lander
- Pharmacy Services, Mayo Clinic - St. Mary's Hospital, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Paula M Novelli
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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19
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Gao ZF, Wu YN, Bai ZT, Zhang L, Zhou Q, Li X. Tumor-suppressive role of HACE1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3427-3435. [PMID: 27805249 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence suggests that downregulation or deletion of HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HACE1) gene plays an important role in the occurrence, invasion and metastasis process in many human malignancies and is closely related to prognosis. However, sparse evidence exists concerning the precise function and clinical significance of HACE1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we investigated the expression pattern of HACE1 in HCC tissues and cell lines, and determined the potential functions of HACE1 in HCC cell lines and evaluated the relationships between HACE1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics. Protein and mRNA expression levels of HACE1 in human HCC tissues and cell lines were examined by western blot analysis, quantitative real‑time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. IHC was used to analyze the correlations between HACE1 expression and clinicopathological features. HACE1 was upregulated in SMCC7721 cells by transfection with pcDNA3.1-HACE1 and Huh7 cells were transfected with siRNA targeting HACE1 for downregulation. Cell Counting Κit-8, Transwell and wound healing assays were performed to investigate the effects of the overexpression and knockdown of HACE1 on cellular proliferation and migration. The results revealed that HACE1 expression was lower in the HCC tissues and cell lines at the mRNA and protein levels compared to levels noted in the matched non‑tumor tissues and the normal liver cell line L02. Knockdown of HACE1 in Huh7 cells accelerated cell proliferation and migration (P<0.05), and overexpression of HACE1 in SMCC7721 cells was found to decrease the capacity for proliferation and migration (P<0.01). The results of IHC suggested that the HACE1 expression level was closely related to the serum AFP level, tumor differentiation and vascular invasion (P<0.05). Patients with low HACE1 expression levels exhibited poorer overall survival and HACE1 was found to be an independent prognostic factor for survival. In conclusion, as a tumor suppressor, HACE1 may be a valuable prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Fa Gao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Na Wu
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Tian Bai
- The Second Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Second Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University (The Branch Hospital of Donggang), Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xun Li
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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Arizumi T, Ueshima K, Iwanishi M, Minami T, Chishina H, Kono M, Takita M, Kitai S, Inoue T, Yada N, Hagiwara S, Minami Y, Ida H, Sakurai T, Kitano M, Nishida N, Kudo M. Validation of Kinki Criteria, a Modified Substaging System, in Patients with Intermediate Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis 2016; 34:671-678. [PMID: 27750236 DOI: 10.1159/000448834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The standard treatment option that is available for patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). However, the condition of the patients with BCLC stage B disease is heterogeneous showing different tumor statuses and Child-Pugh scores; treatment strategies other than TACE are frequently employed for the patients in this stage. Based on the subclassification system proposed by Bolondi et al. [Semin Liver Dis 2012;32:348-359], we developed the Kinki criteria focusing on a substaging for BCLC stage B disease, which is simpler and should be more suitable in actual clinical setting in Japan. In this study, we evaluated the performance of Kinki criteria. SUMMARY This study included 1,633 HCC patients who received first-line treatment at the Kindai University Hospital. Patients were classified into subgroups based on the Kinki criteria and the survival time was estimated for each group. There were 156 (33.3%) patients in subclass B1, 278 (59.3%) in B2, and 35 (7.4%) in B3. The median overall survival times and 95% CI for BCLC B subclasses B1, B2, and B3 were 4.3 years (3.7-4.9), 2.9 years (2.2-3.4), and 1.1 years (0.5-1.8), respectively (p < 0.001). Key Messages: Classification of HCC patients in BCLC stage B based on the Kinki criteria showed statistically significant differences in survival, indicating the performance of Kinki criteria, which takes Child-Pugh score and tumor status into account for determining treatment options for HCC in BCLC stage B.
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Baheti AD, Dunham GM, Ingraham CR, Moshiri M, Lall C, Park JO, Li D, Katz DS, Madoff DC, Bhargava P. Clinical implications for imaging of vascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2016; 41:1800-10. [PMID: 27142384 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-016-0763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second largest cause of cancer mortality in the world, with vascular invasion being one of the most important prognostic factors. HCC with tumor thrombus was traditionally considered to have very limited treatment options. However, multiple promising treatment strategies have emerged in recent years, with diagnostic and interventional radiologists playing a major role in patient management. We provide a comprehensive update on the diagnosis and management of HCC with vascular invasion and the role of the radiologist in this condition.
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Bai T, Chen J, Xie ZB, Wu FX, Wang SD, Liu JJ, Li LQ. The efficacy and safety of postoperative adjuvant transarterial embolization and radiotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal vein tumor thrombus. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3841-8. [PMID: 27390524 PMCID: PMC4930237 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s104307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to find out the safety and efficiency of postoperative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiotherapy (RT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). Methods From 2009 to 2010, a total of 92 HCC patients with PVTT were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into three groups according to their adjuvant therapies (conservative group, n=51; TACE group, n=31; RT group, n=10). Results In our analysis, median survival in patients with postoperative adjuvant TACE (21.91±3.60 months) or RT (14.53±1.61 months) was significantly longer than patients with hepatectomy alone (8.99±1.03 months). But the difference between adjuvant TACE and RT was of no significance (P=0.716). Also a similar result could be observed in median disease-free survival: conservative group (6.51±1.44 months), TACE group (13.98±3.38 months), and RT group (14.03±2.40 months). Treatment strategies (hazard ratio [HR] =0.411, P<0.001) and PVTT type (HR =4.636, P<0.001) were the independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Similarly, the risk factors were the same when multivariate analysis was conducted in disease-free survival (treatment strategies, HR =0.423, P<0.001; PVTT type, HR =4.351, P<0.001) and recurrence (treatment strategies, HR =0.459, P=0.030; PVTT type, HR =2.908, P=0.047). Patients with PVTT type I had longer overall survival than patients with PVTT type II (median survival: 18.43±2.88 months vs 11.59±1.45 months, P=0.035). Conclusion Postoperative adjuvant TACE and RT may be a choice for HCC patients with PVTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University; Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University; Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning
| | - Zhi-Bo Xie
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Fei-Xiang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University; Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning
| | - Si-Da Wang
- Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning; Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jie Liu
- Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning; Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Qun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University; Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning
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Yi PS, Zhang M, Zhao JT, Xu MQ. Liver resection for intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2016; 8:607-615. [PMID: 27190577 PMCID: PMC4867418 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i14.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system is regarded as the gold standard staging system for HCC, classifying HCC as early, intermediate, or advanced. For intermediate HCC, trans-catheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is recommended as the optimal strategy by the BCLC guideline. This review investigates whether liver resection is better than TACE for intermediate HCC. Based on published studies, we compare the survival benefits and complications of liver resection and TACE for intermediate HCC. We also compare the survival benefits of liver resection in early and intermediate HCC. We find that liver resection can achieve better or at least comparable survival outcomes compared with TACE for intermediate HCC; however, we do not observe a significant difference between liver resection and TACE in terms of safety and morbidity. We conclude that liver resection may improve the short- and long-term survival of carefully selected intermediate HCC patients, and the procedure may be safely performed in the management of intermediate HCC.
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Sag AA, Selcukbiricik F, Mandel NM. Evidence-based medical oncology and interventional radiology paradigms for liver-dominant colorectal cancer metastases. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3127-3149. [PMID: 27003990 PMCID: PMC4789988 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i11.3127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer metastasizes predictably, with liver predominance in most cases. Because liver involvement has been shown to be a major determinant of survival in this population, liver-directed therapies are increasingly considered even in cases where there is (limited) extrahepatic disease. Unfortunately, these patients carry a known risk of recurrence in the liver regardless of initial therapy choice. Therefore, there is a demand for minimally invasive, non-surgical, personalized cancer treatments to preserve quality of life in the induction, consolidation, and maintenance phases of cancer therapy. This report aims to review evidence-based conceptual, pharmacological, and technological paradigm shifts in parenteral and percutaneous treatment strategies as well as forthcoming evidence regarding next-generation systemic, locoregional, and local treatment approaches for this patient population.
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Chen JL, Lin XJ, Zhou Q, Shi M, Li SP, Lao XM. Association of HBV DNA replication with antiviral treatment outcomes in the patients with early-stage HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing curative resection. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2016; 35:28. [PMID: 26992891 PMCID: PMC4799530 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-016-0089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background It remains unclear what the antiviral therapy affects disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at different tumor stages and baseline HBV DNA levels. In this study, we analyzed the association of antiviral treatment with DFS and OS based on the stratification of baseline HBV DNA load in early-stage (stages I and II) HCC patients. Methods We included 445 patients with early-stage HBV-related HCC who underwent curative resection, and then classified them into four subgroups based on baseline HBV DNA load and antiviral therapy stratification. The Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the association of clinical characteristics with survival. Results The median follow-up period was 74 months. For all patients, cumulative OS rates in the antiviral group were significantly higher than those in the non-antiviral group (log-rank test, P = 0.023), whereas no significant differences in DFS rates were observed. High baseline HBV DNA level was a risk factor associated with short DFS and OS in all patients. In patients with baseline HBV DNA levels ≥2000 IU/mL, antiviral treatment was significantly associated with prolonged DFS and OS (log-rank test, P = 0.041 and 0.001, respectively). In patients with HBV DNA levels <2000 IU/mL or undetectable, antiviral treatment did not show a significant benefit in prolonging DFS and OS. Conclusions High baseline HBV DNA levels are associated with poor prognosis in the patients with early-stage HCC, and the antiviral treatment could generate survival benefits for the patients. Therefore, antiviral treatment should be given for these patients. However, the effect of antiviral treatment on the patients with low viral load remains unclear, and further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Lin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Epidemiology Research Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Ping Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang-Ming Lao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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Co-activation of AKT and c-Met triggers rapid hepatocellular carcinoma development via the mTORC1/FASN pathway in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20484. [PMID: 26857837 PMCID: PMC4746674 DOI: 10.1038/srep20484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the AKT/mTOR cascade and overexpression of c-Met have been implicated in the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To elucidate the functional crosstalk between the two pathways, we generated a model characterized by the combined expression of activated AKT and c-Met in the mouse liver. Co-expression of AKT and c-Met triggered rapid liver tumor development and mice required to be euthanized within 8 weeks after hydrodynamic injection. At the molecular level, liver tumors induced by AKT/c-Met display activation of AKT/mTOR and Ras/MAPK cascades as well as increased lipogenesis and glycolysis. Since a remarkable lipogenic phenotype characterizes liver lesions from AKT/c-Met mice, we determined the requirement of lipogenesis in AKT/c-Met driven hepatocarcinogenesis using conditional Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) knockout mice. Of note, hepatocarcinogenesis induced by AKT/c-Met was fully inhibited by FASN ablation. In human HCC samples, coordinated expression of FASN, activated AKT, and c-Met proteins was detected in a subgroup of biologically aggressive tumors. Altogether, our study demonstrates that co-activation of AKT and c-Met induces HCC development that depends on the mTORC1/FASN pathway. Suppression of mTORC1 and/or FASN might be highly detrimental for the growth of human HCC subsets characterized by concomitant induction of the AKT and c-Met cascades.
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Li Y, Xia Y, Li J, Wu D, Wan X, Wang K, Wu M, Liu J, Lau WY, Shen F. Prognostic Nomograms for Pre- and Postoperative Predictions of Long-Term Survival for Patients Who Underwent Liver Resection for Huge Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Am Coll Surg 2015; 221:962-974.e4. [PMID: 26382973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver resection is an effective treatment in select patients with huge hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, diameter ≥10 cm). This study aimed to develop nomograms for pre- and postoperative predictions of overall survival (OS) for these patients. STUDY DESIGN There were 464 consecutive patients who underwent liver resection for huge HCC at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital (EHBH) between January 2008 and December 2009. They were collected and divided into a training cohort (n = 310) and an internal validation cohort (n = 154). Another 90 patients who were operated on at the Fujian Medical University (FMU) between January 2008 and April 2010 served as an external validation cohort. The surgical morbidity, mortality, time to recurrence, and OS were observed. Two prognostic nomograms were developed based separately on the data obtained before and after surgery. Discrimination and predictive accuracy of the models were measured using concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, and validation study. RESULTS The postoperative 4-year tumor recurrence and OS rates were, respectively, 79.0% and 41.2% in the patients from the EHBH and 78.8% and 37.6% in those from the FMU. Independent predictors of OS on multivariable analysis using pre- and postoperative data were respectively incorporated into the 2 nomograms. In the training cohort, calibration curves for the probability of 4-year postoperative survival fitted well. The C-indexes of the pre- and postoperative nomograms in predicting OS were 0.75 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.78) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.81), respectively. The internal and external validation studies optimally supported these results. CONCLUSIONS The 2 nomograms achieved accurate pre- or postoperative predictions of long-term survival for patients with huge HCC after liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Mengchao Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Hepatic Surgery, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuying Wan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengchao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Mengchao Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Hepatic Surgery, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Mengchao Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wan Yee Lau
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Sacco R, Mismas V, Romano A, Bertini M, Bertoni M, Federici G, Metrangolo S, Parisi G, Tumino E, Bresci G, Giacomelli L, Marceglia S, Bargellini I. Assessment of clinical and radiological response to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:33-39. [PMID: 25624994 PMCID: PMC4295191 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is an effective anti-angiogenic treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The assessment of tumor progression in patients treated with sorafenib is crucial to help identify potentially-resistant patients, avoiding unnecessary toxicities. Traditional methods to assess tumor progression are based on variations in tumor size and provide unreliable results in patients treated with sorafenib. New methods to assess tumor progression such as the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors or European Association for the Study of Liver criteria are based on imaging to measure the vascularization and tumor volume (viable or necrotic). These however fail especially when the tumor response results in irregular development of necrotic tissue. Newer assessment techniques focus on the evaluation of tumor volume, density or perfusion. Perfusion computed tomography and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced-UltraSound can measure the vascularization of HCC lesions and help predict tumor response to anti-angiogenic therapies. Mean Transit Time is a possible predictive biomarker to measure tumor response. Volumetric techniques are reliable, reproducible and time-efficient and can help measure minimal changes in viable tumor or necrotic tissue, allowing the prompt identification of non-responders. Volume ratio may be a reproducible biomarker for tumor response. Larger trials are needed to confirm the use of these techniques in the prediction of response to sorafenib.
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Xia K, Zhang Y, Cao S, Wu Y, Guo W, Yuan W, Zhang S. miR-411 regulated ITCH expression and promoted cell proliferation in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 70:158-63. [PMID: 25776495 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common human malignancies and the third most common cause of cancer mortality in the world. In this study, we report that miR-411 expression is markedly upregulated in HCC cells and HCC tissues compared with normal control tissues and cells. Previous studies have shown that miR-411 plays a crucial role in a variety of biological processes in various human cancer cells. However, the specific function of miR-411 in HCC remains unclear. Ectopic expression of miR-411 promoted the proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of HCC cells, whereas inhibition of miR-411 reduced this effect. Bioinformatics analysis further revealed ITCH, a putative tumor suppressor as a potential target of miR-411. Data from luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-411 directly binds to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of ITCH mRNA and repressed expression at both transcriptional and translational levels. In functional assays, miR-411 promoted HCC cell proliferation, which could be suppressed by miR-411-in. Taken together, our data provide convincing evidence that miR-411 functions as an onco-miRNA, which was associated with cell proliferation of HCC, and its oncogenic effect is mediated chiefly through direct suppression of ITCH expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunkun Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery & Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengli Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery & Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery & Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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