1
|
Zhou Y, Meyle J, Groeger S. Periodontal pathogens and cancer development. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38965193 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a significant association between periodontal disease and the occurrence of various cancers. The carcinogenic potential of several periodontal pathogens has been substantiated in vitro and in vivo. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse mechanisms employed by different periodontal pathogens in the development of cancer. These mechanisms induce chronic inflammation, inhibit the host's immune system, activate cell invasion and proliferation, possess anti-apoptotic activity, and produce carcinogenic substances. Elucidating these mechanisms might provide new insights for developing novel approaches for tumor prevention, therapeutic purposes, and survival improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhou
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joerg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Groeger
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lei Z, Ma Q, Tu Y, Qiu Y, Gong T, Lin Y, Zhou X, Li Y. Nicotinamide employs a starvation strategy against Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence by inhibiting the heme uptake system and gingipain activities. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38197801 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common oral bacterial infection characterized by inflammatory responses. Its high prevalence lowers the quality of life for individuals and increases the global economic and disease burden. As microorganisms in dental plaque are responsible for this oral disease, antibacterial drug treatments are effective strategies for preventing and treating periodontitis. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of nicotinamide (NAM), a vitamin B3 derivative, on the growth and virulence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key member of the red complex. Our findings revealed that NAM inhibited bacterial growth and gingipain activities, which played a dominant role in protein hydrolysis and heme acquisition. NAM decreased hemagglutination and hemolysis abilities and changed hemin and hemoglobin binding capacities, controlling bacterial infection through a starvation strategy by blocking access to growth-essential nutrients from the outside and reducing bacterial virulence. Several experiments in an animal model showed the effectiveness of NAM in preventing alveolar bone loss and reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, shedding light on its potential therapeutic applicability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixue Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qizhao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yeting Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongwang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang L, Mei GC, Wu JX, Jiang QZ, Su ZH, Liao HQ, Liu ZM, Tao RC, Yong XZ. Corydalis saxicolaBunting total alkaloid eliminates Porphyromonas gingivalis strain 33277 internalized into macrophages by inhibition of TLR2. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105244. [PMID: 37914020 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact of Corydalis Saxicola Bunting Total Alkaloid (CSBTA) on Porphyromonas gingivalis internalization within macrophages and explore the potential role of Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) in this process. METHODS We established a P. gingivalis internalization model in macrophages by treating P. gingivalis-infected macrophages (MOI=100:1) with 200 μg/mL metronidazole and 300 μg/mL gentamicin for 1 h. Subsequently, the model was exposed to CSBTA at concentrations of 0.02 g/L or 1 μg/mL Pam3CSK4. After a 6 h treatment, cell lysis was performed with sterile water to quantify bacterial colonies. The mRNA expressions of TLR2 and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in macrophages were analyzed using RT-qPCR, while their protein levels were assessed via Western blot and ELISA respectively. RESULTS P. gingivalis could internalize into macrophages and enhance the expression of TLR2 and IL-8. Activation of TLR2 by Pam3CSK4 contributed to P. gingivalis survival within macrophages and increased TLR2 and IL-8 expression. Conversely, 0.02 g/L CSBTA effectively cleared intracellular P. gingivalis, achieving a 90 % clearance rate after 6 h. Moreover, it downregulated the expression of TLR2 and IL-8 induced by P. gingivalis. However, the inhibitory effect of CSBTA on the internalized P. gingivalis model was attenuated by Pam3CSK4. CONCLUSION CSBTA exhibited the ability to reduce the presence of live intracellular P. gingivalis and lower IL-8 expression in macrophages, possibly by modulating TLR2 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.
| | - Guo-Cheng Mei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.
| | - Jia-Xuan Wu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.
| | - Qiao-Zhi Jiang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.
| | - Zhi-Heng Su
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Hai-Qing Liao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.
| | - Zhen-Min Liu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.
| | - Ren-Chuan Tao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.
| | - Xiang-Zhi Yong
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zaher K, Basingab F. Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Dendritic Cells in Colorectal Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3196. [PMID: 38137417 PMCID: PMC10741039 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignancy that manifests in serial stages and has been observed to have an escalating incidence in modern societies, causing a significant global health problem. The development of CRC is influenced by various exogenous factors, including lifestyle, diet, nutrition, environment, and microbiota, that can affect host cells, including immune cells. Various immune dysfunctions have been recognized in patients with CRC at different stages of this disease. The signature of microbiota in the development of CRC-inflammation related to obesity, diet, and reactive host cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs)-has been highlighted by many studies. This study focuses on DCs, the primary cellular mediators linking innate and adaptive immune responses against cancer. In addition, this review focuses on the role of microbiota in dysbiosis and how it affects DCs and, in turn, the immune response and progression of CRC by stimulating different sets of T cells. Additionally, DCs' role in protecting this delicate balance is examined. This is to determine how gene yields of commensal microbiota may be critical in restoring this balance when disrupted. The stages of the disease and major checkpoints are discussed, as well as the role of the C-type lectin receptor of immature DCs pattern recognition receptor in CRC. Finally, based on a thorough examination of worldwide clinical studies and recent advancements in cancer immunotherapy, it is recommended that innovative approaches that integrate DC vaccination strategies with checkpoint inhibitors be considered. This approach holds great promise for improving CRC management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kawther Zaher
- Immunology Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21859, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatemah Basingab
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21585, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carra MC, Rangé H, Caligiuri G, Bouchard P. Periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A critical appraisal. Periodontol 2000 2023. [PMID: 37997210 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In spite of intensive research efforts driving spectacular advances in terms of prevention and treatments, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading health burden, accounting for 32% of all deaths (World Health Organization. "Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs)." WHO, February 1, 2017, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)). Cardiovascular diseases are a group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels. They encompass a collection of different conditions, among which atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the most prevalent. CVDs caused by atherosclerosis, that is, ASCVD, are particularly fatal: with heart attack and stroke being together the most prevalent cause of death in the world. To reduce the health burden represented by ASCVD, it is urgent to identify the nature of the "residual risk," beyond the established risk factors (e.g., hypertension) and behavioral factors already maximally targeted by drugs and public health campaigns. Remarkably, periodontitis is increasingly recognized as an independent cardiovascular risk factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clotilde Carra
- UFR d'Odontologie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service of Odontology, Periodontal and Oral Surgery Unit, Rothschild Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- INSERM- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Hélène Rangé
- UFR d'Odontologie, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Service of Odontology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
- NUMECAN Institute (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), INSERM, INRAE, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Giuseppina Caligiuri
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science (LVTS), Paris, France
- Department of Cardiology and of Physiology, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val-de-Seine, Site Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bouchard
- UFR d'Odontologie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- URP 2496, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ruan Q, Guan P, Qi W, Li J, Xi M, Xiao L, Zhong S, Ma D, Ni J. Porphyromonas gingivalis regulates atherosclerosis through an immune pathway. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1103592. [PMID: 36999040 PMCID: PMC10043234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1103592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, involving a pathological process of endothelial dysfunction, lipid deposition, plaque rupture, and arterial occlusion, and is one of the leading causes of death in the world population. The progression of AS is closely associated with several inflammatory diseases, among which periodontitis has been shown to increase the risk of AS. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), presenting in large numbers in subgingival plaque biofilms, is the “dominant flora” in periodontitis, and its multiple virulence factors are important in stimulating host immunity. Therefore, it is significant to elucidate the potential mechanism and association between P. gingivalis and AS to prevent and treat AS. By summarizing the existing studies, we found that P. gingivalis promotes the progression of AS through multiple immune pathways. P. gingivalis can escape host immune clearance and, in various forms, circulate with blood and lymph and colonize arterial vessel walls, directly inducing local inflammation in blood vessels. It also induces the production of systemic inflammatory mediators and autoimmune antibodies, disrupts the serum lipid profile, and thus promotes the progression of AS. In this paper, we summarize the recent evidence (including clinical studies and animal studies) on the correlation between P. gingivalis and AS, and describe the specific immune mechanisms by which P. gingivalis promotes AS progression from three aspects (immune escape, blood circulation, and lymphatic circulation), providing new insights into the prevention and treatment of AS by suppressing periodontal pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Ruan
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijuan Qi
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiatong Li
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengying Xi
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Xiao
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sulan Zhong
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dandan Ma, ; Jia Ni,
| | - Jia Ni
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dandan Ma, ; Jia Ni,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gan Z, Xiao Z, Zhang Z, Li Y, Liu C, Chen X, Liu Y, Wu D, Liu C, Shuai X, Cao Y. Stiffness-tuned and ROS-sensitive hydrogel incorporating complement C5a receptor antagonist modulates antibacterial activity of macrophages for periodontitis treatment. Bioact Mater 2023; 25:347-359. [PMID: 36852104 PMCID: PMC9958411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is admittedly a microbe-driven intractable infectious disease, in which Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) plays a keystone role. Pg can selectively impair the antimicrobial responses of periodontal resident macrophages including their phagocytic and bactericidal activity without interfering their proinflammatory activity, which leads to microflora disturbance, destructive periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss eventually. Here, an injectable ROS-sensitive hydrogel is developed for releasing active bone marrow-derived macrophages (named ex-situ macrophages hereafter) and a complement C5a receptor antagonist (C5A) to the gingival crevice. Through appropriately tuning the hydrogel stiffness, the phagocytic activity of these macrophages is greatly enhanced, reaching an optimal performance at the elastic modulus of 106 kPa. Meanwhile, C5A avoids undesired C5a receptor activation by Pg to ensure the bacterial killing activity of both the ex-situ and in-situ macrophages. Besides, the ROS-sensitive hydrogels show another distinct feature of decreasing the ROS level in periodontal niche, which contributes to the alleviated periodontal inflammation and attenuated bone loss as well. This study highlights the potential of utilizing hydrogels with tailored biomechanical properties to remodel the functions of therapeutic cells, which is expected to find wide applications even beyond periodontitis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Gan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Zecong Xiao
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yang Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yuanbo Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Dongle Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Chufeng Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Xintao Shuai
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Yang Cao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China,Corresponding author. Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ciaston I, Dobosz E, Potempa J, Koziel J. The subversion of toll-like receptor signaling by bacterial and viral proteases during the development of infectious diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 88:101143. [PMID: 36152458 PMCID: PMC9924004 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The recognition of specific microbial ligands by TLRs triggers an innate immune response and also promotes adaptive immunity, which is necessary for the efficient elimination of invading pathogens. Successful pathogens have therefore evolved strategies to subvert and/or manipulate TLR signaling. Both the impairment and uncontrolled activation of TLR signaling can harm the host, causing tissue destruction and allowing pathogens to proliferate, thus favoring disease progression. In this context, microbial proteases are key virulence factors that modify components of the TLR signaling pathway. In this review, we discuss the role of bacterial and viral proteases in the manipulation of TLR signaling, highlighting the importance of these enzymes during the development of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Ciaston
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Dobosz
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Oral Health and Systemic Disease, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Joanna Koziel
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Heyman O, Horev Y, Mizraji G, Haviv Y, Shapira L, Wilensky A. Excessive inflammatory response to infection in experimental peri-implantitis: Resolution by Resolvin D2. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:1217-1228. [PMID: 35762068 PMCID: PMC9804794 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aetiology and pathogenesis of peri-implantitis are currently under active research. This study aimed to dissect the pathogenesis of murine experimental peri-implantitis and assess Resolvin D2 (RvD2) as a new treatment modality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four weeks following titanium implant insertion, mice were infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis using single or multiple oral lavages. RvD2 was administrated following infection, and tissues were analysed using flow cytometry, quantitative RT-PCR, taxonomic profiling, and micro-computed tomography. RESULTS Repeated infections with Pg resulted in microbial dysbiosis and a higher influx of innate and adaptive leukocytes to the peri-implant mucosa (PIM) than to gingiva surrounding the teeth. This was accompanied by increased expression levels of IFN-α, IL-1β, and RANKL\OPG ratio. Interestingly, whereas repetitive infections resulted in bone loss around implants and teeth, a single infection induced bone loss only around implants, suggesting a higher susceptibility of the implants to infection. Treatment with RvD2 prevented Pg-driven bone loss and reduced leukocyte infiltration to the PIM. CONCLUSIONS Murine dental implants are associated with dysregulated local immunity and increase susceptibility to pathogen-induced peri-implantitis. However, the disease can be prevented by RvD2 treatment, highlighting the promising therapeutic potential of this treatment modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oded Heyman
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Yael Horev
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Gabriel Mizraji
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Yaron Haviv
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation and Maxillofacial Imaging, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Lior Shapira
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Asaf Wilensky
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aleksijević LH, Aleksijević M, Škrlec I, Šram M, Šram M, Talapko J. Porphyromonas gingivalis Virulence Factors and Clinical Significance in Periodontal Disease and Coronary Artery Diseases. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101173. [PMID: 36297228 PMCID: PMC9609396 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium that lives in the oral cavity. It is an integral part of the oral microbiome, which includes more than 500 types of bacteria. Under certain circumstances, as a consequence of virulence factors, it can become very destructive and proliferate to many cells in periodontal lesions. It is one of the causative agents present extremely often in dental plaque and is the main etiological factor in the development of periodontal disease. During various therapeutic procedures, P. gingivalis can enter the blood and disseminate through it to distant organs. This primarily refers to the influence of periodontal agents on the development of subacute endocarditis and can facilitate the development of coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and ischemic infarction. The action of P. gingivalis is facilitated by numerous factors of virulence and pathogenicity such as fimbriae, hemolysin, hemagglutinin, capsules, outer membrane vesicles, lipopolysaccharides, and gingipains. A special problem is the possibility of biofilm formation. P. gingivalis in a biofilm is 500 to 1000 times less sensitive to antimicrobial drugs than planktonic cells, which represents a significant problem in the treatment of infections caused by this pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Horvat Aleksijević
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (L.H.A.); (J.T.)
| | - Marko Aleksijević
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marko Šram
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Šram
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (L.H.A.); (J.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin J, Huang D, Xu H, Zhan F, Tan X. Macrophages: A communication network linking Porphyromonas gingivalis infection and associated systemic diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:952040. [PMID: 35967399 PMCID: PMC9363567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.952040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a Gram-negative anaerobic pathogen that is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and systemic diseases. P. gingivalis has recently been detected in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cardiovascular disease, and tumors, as well as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and the presence of P. gingivalis in these diseases are correlated with poor prognosis. Macrophages are major innate immune cells which modulate immune responses against pathogens, however, multiple bacteria have evolved abilities to evade or even subvert the macrophages’ immune response, in which subsequently promote the diseases’ initiation and progression. P. gingivalis as a keystone pathogen of periodontitis has received increasing attention for the onset and development of systemic diseases. P. gingivalis induces macrophage polarization and inflammasome activation. It also causes immune response evasion which plays important roles in promoting inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and tumor development. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries on the interaction of P. gingivalis and macrophages in relevant disease development and progression, such as periodontitis, atherosclerosis, RA, AD, and cancers, aiming to provide an in-depth mechanistic understanding of this interaction and potential therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR, United States
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: XueLian Tan, ; Fenghuang Zhan,
| | - XueLian Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: XueLian Tan, ; Fenghuang Zhan,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Almarghlani A, Settem RP, Croft AJ, Metcalfe S, Giangreco M, Kay JG. Interleukin-34 Permits Porphyromonas gingivalis Survival and NF-κB p65 Inhibition in Macrophages. Mol Oral Microbiol 2022; 37:109-121. [PMID: 35576119 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a cytokine that supports the viability and differentiation of macrophages. An important cytokine for the development of epidermal immunity, IL-34 is present and plays a role in the immunity of the oral environment. IL-34 has been linked to inflammatory periodontal diseases, which involve innate phagocytes, including macrophages. Whether IL-34 can alter the ability of macrophages to effectively interact with oral microbes is currently unclear. Using macrophages derived from human blood monocytes with either the canonical cytokine colony-stimulating factor (CSF)1 or IL-34, we compared the ability of the macrophages to phagocytose, kill, and respond through the production of cytokines to the periodontal keystone pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. While macrophages derived from both cytokines were able to engulf the bacterium equally, IL-34 derived macrophages were much less capable of killing internalized P. gingivalis. Of the macrophage cell surface receptors known to interact with P. gingivalis, DC-SIGN was found to have the largest variation between IL-34 and CSF1-derived macrophages. We also found that upon interaction with P. gingivalis, IL-34 derived macrophages produced significantly less of the neutrophil chemotactic factor IL-8 than macrophages derived in the presence of CSF1. Mechanistically, we identified that levels of IL-8 corresponded with P. gingivalis survival and dephosphorylation of the major transcription factor NF-κB p65. Overall, we found that macrophages differentiated in the presence of IL-34, a dominant cytokine in the oral gingiva, have a reduced ability to kill the keystone pathogen P. gingivalis and may be susceptible to specific bacteria-mediated cytokine modification. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Almarghlani
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.,Current Address: Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajendra P Settem
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Andrew J Croft
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Sarah Metcalfe
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Matthew Giangreco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Jason G Kay
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Proteolytic Activity-Independent Activation of the Immune Response by Gingipains from Porphyromonas gingivalis. mBio 2022; 13:e0378721. [PMID: 35491845 PMCID: PMC9239244 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03787-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen in periodontitis (PD), produces cysteine proteases named gingipains (RgpA, RgpB, and Kgp), which strongly affect the host immune system. The range of action of gingipains is extended by their release as components of outer membrane vesicles, which efficiently diffuse into surrounding gingival tissues. However, away from the anaerobic environment of periodontal pockets, increased oxygen levels lead to oxidation of the catalytic cysteine residues of gingipains, inactivating their proteolytic activity. In this context, the influence of catalytically inactive gingipains on periodontal tissues is of significant interest. Here, we show that proteolytically inactive RgpA induced a proinflammatory response in both gingival keratinocytes and dendritic cells. Inactive RgpA is bound to the cell surface of gingival keratinocytes in the region of lipid rafts, and using affinity chromatography, we identified RgpA-interacting proteins, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Next, we showed that EGFR interaction with inactive RgpA stimulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines. The response was mediated via the EGFR–phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway, which when activated in the gingival tissue rich in dendritic cells in the proximity of the alveolar bone, may significantly contribute to bone resorption and the progress of PD. Taken together, these findings broaden our understanding of the biological role of gingipains, which in acting as proinflammatory factors in the gingival tissue, create a favorable milieu for the growth of inflammophilic pathobionts.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bartosova M, Borilova Linhartova P, Musilova K, Broukal Z, Kukletova M, Kukla L, Izakovicova Holla L. Association of the CD14 -260C/T polymorphism with plaque-induced gingivitis depends on the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Int J Paediatr Dent 2022; 32:223-231. [PMID: 34097794 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plaque-induced gingivitis is the most prevalent periodontal disease associated with pathogenic biofilms. The host immune system responds to pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their co-receptor cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14). AIM This study investigated the association between the functional polymorphism in the CD14 gene and the dental plaque microbiota in children with gingivitis. DESIGN A total of 590 unrelated children (307 with plaque-induced gingivitis and 283 controls, aged 13-15 years) were enrolled in this case-control study. Dental plaque was processed using a ParoCheck® 20 detection kit. The CD14 -260C/T (rs2569190) polymorphism was determined with the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS Gingivitis was detected in 64.2% of boys and 35.8% of girls (P < .001). Children with gingivitis had a significantly higher occurrence of dental caries (P < .001). No significant differences in the CD14 -260C/T allele and genotype distribution among individuals with or without gingivitis in the whole cohort were found. Children with gingivitis and P gingivalis, however, were significantly more frequent carriers of the CT and TT genotypes than children with gingivitis without P gingivalis or healthy controls (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The CD14 -260C/T polymorphism acts in cooperation with P gingivalis to trigger plaque-induced gingivitis in Czech children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Bartosova
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Borilova Linhartova
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Musilova
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Broukal
- Institute of Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kukletova
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomir Kukla
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Chemistry Section, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Izakovicova Holla
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institution Shared with St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Chemistry Section, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang J, Xie M, Huang X, Chen G, Yin Y, Lu X, Feng G, Yu R, Chen L. The Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis on Atherosclerosis-Related Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:766560. [PMID: 35003080 PMCID: PMC8734595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), one of the most common types of cardiovascular disease, has initially been attributed to the accumulation of fats and fibrous materials. However, more and more researchers regarded it as a chronic inflammatory disease nowadays. Infective disease, such as periodontitis, is related to the risk of atherosclerosis. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), one of the most common bacteria in stomatology, is usually discovered in atherosclerotic plaque in patients. Furthermore, it was reported that P. gingivalis can promote the progression of atherosclerosis. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of P. gingivalis in atherosclerosis attracted attention, which is thought to be crucial to the therapy of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is much complicated, and many kinds of cells participate in it. By summarizing existing studies, we find that P. gingivalis can influence the function of many cells in atherosclerosis. It can induce the dysfunction of endothelium, promote the formation of foam cells as well as the proliferation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells, and lead to the imbalance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper (Th) cells, ultimately promoting the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. This article summarizes the specific mechanism of atherosclerosis caused by P. gingivalis. It sorts out the interaction between P. gingivalis and AS-related cells, which provides a new perspective for us to prevent or slow down the occurrence and development of AS by inhibiting periodontal pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxia Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Braun ML, Tomek MB, Grünwald-Gruber C, Nguyen PQ, Bloch S, Potempa JS, Andrukhov O, Schäffer C. Shut-Down of Type IX Protein Secretion Alters the Host Immune Response to Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:835509. [PMID: 35223555 PMCID: PMC8869499 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.835509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis target distinct virulence factors bearing a structurally conserved C-terminal domain (CTD) to the type IX protein secretion system (T9SS). The T9SS comprises an outer membrane translocation complex which works in concert with a signal peptidase for CTD cleavage. Among prominent T9SS cargo linked to periodontal diseases are the TfsA and TfsB components of T. forsythia’s cell surface (S-) layer, the bacterium’s BspA surface antigen and a set of cysteine proteinases (gingipains) from P. gingivalis. To assess the overall role of the bacterial T9SS in the host response, human macrophages and human gingival fibroblasts were stimulated with T. forsythia and P. gingivalis wild-type bacteria and T9SS signal peptidase-deficient mutants defective in protein secretion, respectively. The immunostimulatory potential of these bacteria was compared by analyzing the mRNA expression levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-α by qPCR and by measuring the production of the corresponding proteins by ELISA. Shot-gun proteomics analysis of T. forsythia and P. gingivalis outer membrane preparations confirmed that several CTD-bearing virulence factors which interact with the human immune system were depleted from the signal peptidase mutants, supportive of effective T9SS shut-down. Three and, more profoundly, 16 hours post stimulation, the T. forsythia T9SS mutant induced significantly less production of cytokines and the chemokine in human cells compared to the corresponding parent strain, while the opposite was observed for the P. gingivalis T9SS mutant. Our data indicate that T9SS shut-down translates into an altered inflammatory response in periodontal pathogens. Thus, the T9SS as a potential novel target for periodontal therapy needs further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias L. Braun
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus B. Tomek
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Phuong Q. Nguyen
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Bloch
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan S. Potempa
- Oral Health and Systemic Disease Group, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Christina Schäffer, ; Oleh Andrukhov,
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Christina Schäffer, ; Oleh Andrukhov,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang T, Ishikawa T, Sasaki M, Chiba T. Oral and Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Central Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:822190. [PMID: 35308549 PMCID: PMC8924514 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.822190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota play many important roles, such as the regulation of immunity and barrier function in the intestine, and are crucial for maintaining homeostasis in living organisms. The disruption in microbiota is called dysbiosis, which has been associated with various chronic inflammatory conditions, food allergies, colorectal cancer, etc. The gut microbiota is also affected by several other factors such as diet, antibiotics and other medications, or bacterial and viral infections. Moreover, there are some reports on the oral-gut-liver axis indicating that the disruption of oral microbiota affects the intestinal biota. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the systemic diseases caused due to the dysregulation of the oral-gut-liver axis. NAFLD is the most common liver disease reported in the developed countries. It includes liver damage ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and cancer. Recently, accumulating evidence supports an association between NAFLD and dysbiosis of oral and gut microbiota. Periodontopathic bacteria, especially Porphyromonas gingivalis, have been correlated with the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD based on the clinical and basic research, and immunology. P. gingivalis was detected in the liver, and lipopolysaccharide from this bacteria has been shown to be involved in the progression of NAFLD, thereby indicating a direct role of P. gingivalis in NAFLD. Moreover, P. gingivalis induces dysbiosis of gut microbiota, which promotes the progression of NAFLD, through disrupting both metabolic and immunologic pathways. Here, we review the roles of microbial dysbiosis in NAFLD. Focusing on P. gingivalis, we evaluate and summarize the most recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between oral-gut microbiome symbiosis and the pathogenesis and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as discuss novel strategies targeting both P. gingivalis and microbial dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
- Ting Wang
| | - Taichi Ishikawa
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Minoru Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Toshimi Chiba
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Toshimi Chiba
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zheng S, Yu S, Fan X, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Lin L, Wang H, Pan Y, Li C. Porphyromonas gingivalis survival skills: Immune evasion. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:1007-1018. [PMID: 34254681 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that destroys the tooth-supporting tissues and eventually leads to tooth loss. As one of the most prevalent oral conditions, periodontitis endangers the oral health of 70% of people throughout the world. Periodontitis is also related to various systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, which not only has a great impact on population health status and the quality of life but also increases the social burden. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a gram-negative oral anaerobic bacterium that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis can express various of virulence factors to overturn innate and adaptive immunities, which makes P. gingivalis survive and propagate in the host, destroy periodontal tissues, and have connection to systemic diseases. Porphyromonas gingivalis can invade into and survive in host tissues by destructing the gingival epithelial barrier, internalizing into the epithelial cells, and enhancing autophagy in epithelial cells. Deregulation of complement system, degradation of antibacterial peptides, and destruction of phagocyte functions facilitate the evasion of P. gingivalis. Porphyromonas gingivalis can also suppress adaptive immunity, which allows P. gingivalis to exist in the host tissues and cause the inflammatory response persistently. Here, we review studies devoted to understanding the strategies utilized by P. gingivalis to escape host immunity. Methods for impairing P. gingivalis immune evasion are also mentioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaowen Zheng
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiwen Yu
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaomiao Fan
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yonghuan Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Subversion of Lipopolysaccharide Signaling in Gingival Keratinocytes via MCPIP-1 Degradation as a Novel Pathogenic Strategy of Inflammophilic Pathobionts. mBio 2021; 12:e0050221. [PMID: 34182783 PMCID: PMC8262937 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00502-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth that develops in response to formation of a dysbiotic biofilm on the subgingival tooth surface. Although exacerbated inflammation leads to alveolar bone destruction and may cause tooth loss, the molecular basis of PD initiation and progression remains elusive. Control over the inflammatory reaction and return to homeostasis can be efficiently restored by negative regulators of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-induced protein 1 (MCPIP-1), which is constitutively expressed in gingival keratinocytes and prevents hyperresponsiveness in the gingiva. Here, we found that inflammophilic periodontal species influence the stability of MCPIP-1, leading to an aggravated response of the epithelium to proinflammatory stimulation. Among enzymes secreted by periodontal species, gingipains—cysteine proteases from Porphyromonas gingivalis—are considered major contributors to the pathogenic potential of bacteria, strongly influencing the components of the innate and adaptive immune system. Gingipain proteolytic activity leads to a rapid degradation of MCPIP-1, exacerbating the inflammatory response induced by endotoxin. Collectively, these results establish a novel mechanism of corruption of inflammatory signaling by periodontal pathogens, indicating new possibilities for treatment of this chronic disease.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ben Lagha A, Pellerin G, Vaillancourt K, Grenier D. Effects of a tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) phenolic extract on Porphyromonas gingivalis and its ability to impair the oral epithelial barrier. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246194. [PMID: 33497417 PMCID: PMC7837497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are a global oral health problem. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key pathogen involved in the onset of periodontitis, is able to colonize the subgingival epithelium and invade the underlying connective tissue due to the contribution of cysteine proteases known as gingipains. In this study, we investigated the effects of a phenolic extract prepared from tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) juice on the growth, adherence, and protease activity of P. gingivalis. We also assessed the protective effect of the tart cherry extract on the disruption of the oral epithelial barrier induced by P. gingivalis. The tart cherry extract that contains procyanidins and quercetin and its derivatives (rutinoside, glucoside) as the most important phenolic compounds attenuated P. gingivalis growth, reduced adherence to an experimental basement membrane matrix model, and decreased the protease activities of P. gingivalis. The tart cherry extract also exerted a protective effect on the integrity of the oral epithelial barrier in an in vitro model infected with P. gingivalis. More specifically, the extract prevented a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance as well as the destruction of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1 and occludin). These results suggest that the tart cherry phenolic extract may be a promising natural product for the treatment of periodontitis through its ability to attenuate the virulence properties of P. gingivalis and curtail the ability of this pathogen to impair the oral epithelial barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ben Lagha
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pellerin
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Katy Vaillancourt
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Y, Yuan X, Chen K, Zhou F, Yang H, Yang H, Qi Y, Kong J, Sun W, Gao S. Clinical significance and prognostic value of Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in lung cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100972. [PMID: 33279803 PMCID: PMC7718477 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of pathogenic microorganisms can promote the occurrence and development of malignant tumors by colonizing in the body. It has been shown that Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) can be colonized for a long time in upper gastrointestinal tumors and is closely related to the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer in previous studies of our team. Because the esophagus and trachea are closely adjacent and P. gingivalis can instantly enter and colonize in cells, we speculate that P. gingivalis may be colonized in lung cancer cells through oral or blood, promoting the malignant progression of lung cancer. In this study, we investigated P. gingivalis infection in lung carcinoma tissues and adjacent lung tissues, and found that the colonization rate of P. gingivalis in carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent lung tissues. Therefore, we propose that the microenvironment of cancer cells is more conducive to the survival of P. gingivalis. Then, we analyzed the correlation between P. gingivalis infection and clinicopathological features and survival prognosis of patients with lung cancer. It was found that P. gingivalis infection was closely related to smoking, drinking, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage. Moreover, the survival rate and median survival time of patients with P. gingivalis infection were significantly shortened. Therefore, we put forward the view that long term smoking and drinking will cause a bad oral environment, increasing the risk of P. gingivalis infection, then P. gingivalis infection will promote the malignant progression of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Liu
- School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Kuisheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Pathology, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Pathology, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of PE, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yijun Qi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jinyu Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Shegan Gao
- School of Information Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hočevar K, Vizovišek M, Wong A, Kozieł J, Fonović M, Potempa B, Lamont RJ, Potempa J, Turk B. Proteolysis of Gingival Keratinocyte Cell Surface Proteins by Gingipains Secreted From Porphyromonas gingivalis - Proteomic Insights Into Mechanisms Behind Tissue Damage in the Diseased Gingiva. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:722. [PMID: 32411104 PMCID: PMC7198712 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, the main etiologic agent of periodontitis, secretes cysteine proteases named gingipains. HRgpA and RgpB gingipains have Arg-specificity, while Kgp gingipain is Lys-specific. Together they can cleave an array of proteins and importantly contribute to the development of periodontitis. In this study we focused on gingipain-exerted proteolysis at the cell surface of human gingival epithelial cells [telomerase immortalized gingival keratinocytes (TIGK)] in order to better understand the molecular mechanisms behind tissue destruction in periodontitis. Using mass spectrometry, we investigated the whole sheddome/degradome of TIGK cell surface proteins by P. gingivalis strains differing in gingipain expression and by purified gingipains, and performed the first global proteomic analysis of gignpain proteolysis at the membrane. Incubation of TIGK cells with P. gingivalis resulted in massive degradation of proteins already at low multiplicity of infection, whereas incubating cells with purified gingipains resulted in more discrete patterns, indicative of a combination of complete degradation and shedding of membrane proteins. Most of the identified gingipain substrates were molecules involved in adhesion, suggesting that gingipains may cause tissue damage through cleavage of cell contacts, resulting in cell detachment and rounding, and consequently leading to anoikis. However, HRgpA and RgpB gingipains differ in their mechanism of action. While RgpB rapidly degraded the proteins, HRgpA exhibited a much slower proteolysis indicative of ectodomain shedding, as demonstrated for the transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFRC). These results reveal a molecular underpinning to P. gingivalis-induced tissue destruction and enhance our knowledge of the role of P. gingivalis proteases in the pathobiology of periodontitis. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD015679.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Hočevar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Vizovišek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alicia Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozieł
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marko Fonović
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Potempa
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Richard J. Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bartnicka D, Gonzalez-Gonzalez M, Sykut J, Koziel J, Ciaston I, Adamowicz K, Bras G, Zawrotniak M, Karkowska-Kuleta J, Satala D, Kozik A, Zyla E, Gawron K, Lazarz-Bartyzel K, Chomyszyn-Gajewska M, Rapala-Kozik M. Candida albicans Shields the Periodontal Killer Porphyromonas gingivalis from Recognition by the Host Immune System and Supports the Bacterial Infection of Gingival Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1984. [PMID: 32183255 PMCID: PMC7139284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a pathogenic fungus capable of switching its morphology between yeast-like cells and filamentous hyphae and can associate with bacteria to form mixed biofilms resistant to antibiotics. In these structures, the fungal milieu can play a protective function for bacteria as has recently been reported for C. albicans and a periodontal pathogen-Porphyromonas gingivalis. Our current study aimed to determine how this type of mutual microbe protection within the mixed biofilm affects the contacting host cells. To analyze C. albicans and P. gingivalis persistence and host infection, several models for host-biofilm interactions were developed, including microbial exposure to a representative monocyte cell line (THP1) and gingival fibroblasts isolated from periodontitis patients. For in vivo experiments, a mouse subcutaneous chamber model was utilized. The persistence of P. gingivalis cells was observed within mixed biofilm with C. albicans. This microbial co-existence influenced host immunity by attenuating macrophage and fibroblast responses. Cytokine and chemokine production decreased compared to pure bacterial infection. The fibroblasts isolated from patients with severe periodontitis were less susceptible to fungal colonization, indicating a modulation of the host environment by the dominating bacterial infection. The results obtained for the mouse model in which a sequential infection was initiated by the fungus showed that this host colonization induced a milder inflammation, leading to a significant reduction in mouse mortality. Moreover, high bacterial counts in animal organisms were noted on a longer time scale in the presence of C. albicans, suggesting the chronic nature of the dual-species infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Bartnicka
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (D.B.); (M.G.-G.); (J.S.); (G.B.); (M.Z.); (J.K.-K.)
| | - Miriam Gonzalez-Gonzalez
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (D.B.); (M.G.-G.); (J.S.); (G.B.); (M.Z.); (J.K.-K.)
| | - Joanna Sykut
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (D.B.); (M.G.-G.); (J.S.); (G.B.); (M.Z.); (J.K.-K.)
| | - Joanna Koziel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (J.K.); (I.C.); (K.A.)
| | - Izabela Ciaston
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (J.K.); (I.C.); (K.A.)
| | - Karina Adamowicz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (J.K.); (I.C.); (K.A.)
| | - Grazyna Bras
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (D.B.); (M.G.-G.); (J.S.); (G.B.); (M.Z.); (J.K.-K.)
| | - Marcin Zawrotniak
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (D.B.); (M.G.-G.); (J.S.); (G.B.); (M.Z.); (J.K.-K.)
| | - Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (D.B.); (M.G.-G.); (J.S.); (G.B.); (M.Z.); (J.K.-K.)
| | - Dorota Satala
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (D.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrzej Kozik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (D.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Edyta Zyla
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Gawron
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Lazarz-Bartyzel
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland; (K.L.-B.); (M.C.-G.)
| | - Maria Chomyszyn-Gajewska
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland; (K.L.-B.); (M.C.-G.)
| | - Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (D.B.); (M.G.-G.); (J.S.); (G.B.); (M.Z.); (J.K.-K.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nobre Dos Santos-Lima EK, Araújo Paiva Andrade Cardoso K, Mares de Miranda P, Cirino de Carvalho-Filho P, Passos Rocha T, Ferreira de Moura-Costa L, Olczak T, Miranda Lopes Falcão M, Gomes-Filho IS, Meyer R, Tosta Xavier M, Castro Trindade S. Novel synthetic peptide derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis Lys-gingipain detects IgG-mediated host response in periodontitis. Anaerobe 2020; 61:102140. [PMID: 31838319 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen in periodontitis. Analysis of the immunogenicity of its virulence factors may provide insight into the host response to this infection. The Kgp12 (IEDB Epitope ID 763561), an epitope of Lys-gingipain (Kgp) virulence factor from P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, elicits an immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunoreactivity with low cross-reactivity and, therefore, more specificity. The aim of the present study was to determine in silico the localization of Kgp12 within the protein and to evaluate the IgG host response to this novel Kgp peptide through its capacity to differentiate individuals with different periodontal status. Sera of 71 volunteers were tested by indirect ELISA to detect the IgG immunoreactivity specific to Kgp12, as well as to the protein HmuY and to the sonicated total extract of P. gingivalis ATCC33277, both used as gold standard. The participants had no systemic disease and were classified according to periodontal clinical parameters to comparison, firstly, into periodontitis (P) and without periodontitis (WP) groups and, secondly, into periodontitis (P), gingivitis (G) and clinically health (CH) ones. All the antigens tested, Kgp12 (p = 0.02), HmuY (p = 0.00) and P. gingivalis extract (p = 0.03), could differentiate P from WP groups considering IgG serum levels. P group also had higher IgG levels specific to Kgp12 (p = 0.03), HmuY (p < 0.01) and P. gingivalis extract (p = 0.01) when compared to G group. We conclude that the Kgp12 synthetic peptide was useful to detect the IgG-mediated host response signaling that it is a promising epitope to analyze the immunogenicity of P. gingivalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thaise Passos Rocha
- Dentistry Course, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Teresa Olczak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | - Roberto Meyer
- Department of Biointeraction, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Soraya Castro Trindade
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xu W, Zhou W, Wang H, Liang S. Roles of Porphyromonas gingivalis and its virulence factors in periodontitis. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 120:45-84. [PMID: 32085888 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infection-driven inflammatory disease, which is characterized by gingival inflammation and bone loss. Periodontitis is associated with various systemic diseases, including cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and reproductive system related abnormalities. Recent theory attributes the pathogenesis of periodontitis to oral microbial dysbiosis, in which Porphyromonas gingivalis acts as a critical agent by disrupting host immune homeostasis. Lipopolysaccharide, proteases, fimbriae, and some other virulence factors are among the strategies exploited by P. gingivalis to promote the bacterial colonization and facilitate the outgrowth of the surrounding microbial community. Virulence factors promote the coaggregation of P. gingivalis with other bacteria and the formation of dental biofilm. These virulence factors also modulate a variety of host immune components and subvert the immune response to evade bacterial clearance or induce an inflammatory environment. In this chapter, our focus is to discuss the virulence factors of periodontal pathogens, especially P. gingivalis, and their roles in regulating immune responses during periodontitis progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Endodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, Pudong, China
| | - Huizhi Wang
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The Distinct Immune-Stimulatory Capacities of Porphyromonas gingivalis Strains 381 and ATCC 33277 Are Determined by the fimB Allele and Gingipain Activity. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00319-19. [PMID: 31570556 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00319-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Porphyromonas gingivalis strain ATCC 33277 (33277) and 381 genomes are nearly identical. However, strain 33277 displays a significantly diminished capacity to stimulate host cell Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-dependent signaling and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production relative to 381, suggesting that there are strain-specific differences in one or more bacterial immune-modulatory factors. Genomic sequencing identified a single nucleotide polymorphism in the 33277 fimB allele (A→T), creating a premature stop codon in the 33277 fimB open reading frame relative to the 381 fimB allele. Gene exchange experiments established that the 33277 fimB allele reduces the immune-stimulatory capacity of this strain. Transcriptome comparisons revealed that multiple genes related to carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) family proteins, including the gingipains, were upregulated in 33277 relative to 381. A gingipain substrate degradation assay demonstrated that cell surface gingipain activity is higher in 33277, and an isogenic mutant strain deficient for the gingipains exhibited an increased ability to induce TLR2 signaling and IL-1β production. Furthermore, 33277 and 381 mutant strains lacking CTD cell surface proteins were more immune-stimulatory than the parental wild-type strains, consistent with an immune-suppressive role for the gingipains. Our data show that the combination of an intact fimB allele and limited cell surface gingipain activity in P. gingivalis 381 renders this strain more immune-stimulatory. Conversely, a defective fimB allele and high-level cell surface gingipain activity reduce the capacity of P. gingivalis 33277 to stimulate host cell innate immune responses. In summary, genomic and transcriptomic comparisons identified key virulence characteristics that confer divergent host cell innate immune responses to these highly related P. gingivalis strains.
Collapse
|
27
|
Yuan X, Liu Y, Li G, Lan Z, Ma M, Li H, Kong J, Sun J, Hou G, Hou X, Ma Y, Ren F, Zhou F, Gao S. Blockade of Immune-Checkpoint B7-H4 and Lysine Demethylase 5B in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Confers Protective Immunity against P. gingivalis Infection. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1440-1456. [PMID: 31350278 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens are capable of hijacking immune defense mechanisms, thereby creating a tolerogenic environment for hypermutated malignant cells that arise within the site of infection. Immune checkpoint-oriented immunotherapies have shown considerable promise. Equally important, the epigenetic reprogramming of an immune-evasive phenotype that activates the immune system in a synergistic manner can improve immunotherapy outcomes. These advances have led to combinations of epigenetic- and immune-based therapeutics. We previously demonstrated that Porphyromonas gingivalis isolated from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) lesions represents a major pathogen associated with this deadly disease. In this study, we examined the mechanisms associated with host immunity during P. gingivalis infection and demonstrated that experimentally infected ESCC responds by increasing the expression of B7-H4 and lysine demethylase 5B, which allowed subsequent in vivo analysis of the immunotherapeutic effects of anti-B7-H4 and histone demethylase inhibitors in models of chronic infection and immunity against xenografted human tumors. Using three different preclinical mouse models receiving combined therapy, we showed that mice mounted strong resistance against P. gingivalis infection and tumor challenge. This may have occurred via generation of a T cell-mediated response in the microenvironment and formation of immune memory. In ESCC subjects, coexpression of B7-H4 and KDM5B correlated more significantly with bacterial load than with the expression of either molecule alone. These results highlight the unique ability of P. gingivalis to evade immunity and define potential targets that can be exploited therapeutically to improve the control of P. gingivalis infection and the development of associated neoplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Guifang Li
- Department of Pulmonary Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zijun Lan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Mingyang Ma
- Department of Pulmonary Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Huaxu Li
- Queen Mary College, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinyu Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jiangtao Sun
- Department of Pulmonary Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Gaochao Hou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xurong Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yingjian Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Anyang, Henan, China.
| | - Shegan Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jia L, Han N, Du J, Guo L, Luo Z, Liu Y. Pathogenesis of Important Virulence Factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis via Toll-Like Receptors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:262. [PMID: 31380305 PMCID: PMC6657652 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common intraoral infection and is inextricably linked to systemic diseases. Recently, the regulation between host immunologic response and periodontal pathogens has become a hotspot to explain the mechanism of periodontitis and related systemic diseases. Since Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) was proved as critical periodontal pathogen above all, researches focusing on the mechanism of its virulence factors have received extensive attention. Studies have shown that in the development of periodontitis, in addition to the direct release of virulent factors by periodontal pathogens to destroy periodontal tissues, over-low or over-high intrinsic immune and inflammatory response mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can lead to more lasting destruction of periodontal tissues. It is very necessary to sort out how various cytopathic factors of P. gingivalis mediate inflammation and immune responses between the host through TLRs so as to help precisely prevent, diagnose, and treat periodontitis in clinic. This review summarizes the role of three most widely studied pathogenic factors produced by P. gingivalis (lipopolysaccharide, gingipains, pili) and their interactions with TLRs at the cellular and molecular level in the progress of periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jia
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Han
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hočevar K, Potempa J, Turk B. Host cell-surface proteins as substrates of gingipains, the main proteases of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Biol Chem 2019; 399:1353-1361. [PMID: 29927743 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gingipains are extracellular cysteine proteases of the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and are its most potent virulence factors. They can degrade a great variety of host proteins, thereby helping the bacterium to evade the host immune response, deregulate signaling pathways, trigger anoikis and, finally, cause tissue destruction. Host cell-surface proteins targeted by gingipains are the main focus of this review and span three groups of substrates: immune-regulatory proteins, signaling pathways regulators and adhesion molecules. The analysis of published data revealed that gingipains predominantly inactivate their substrates by cleaving them at one or more sites, or through complete degradation. Sometimes, gingipains were even found to initially shed their membrane substrates, but this was mostly just the first step in the degradation of cell-surface proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Hočevar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Curto P, Riley SP, Simões I, Martinez JJ. Macrophages Infected by a Pathogen and a Non-pathogen Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia Reveal Differential Reprogramming Signatures Early in Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:97. [PMID: 31024862 PMCID: PMC6467950 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their high degree of genomic similarity, different spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia are often associated with very different clinical presentations. For example, Rickettsia conorii causes Mediterranean spotted fever, a life-threatening disease for humans, whereas Rickettsia montanensis is associated with limited or no pathogenicity to humans. However, the molecular basis responsible for the different pathogenicity attributes are still not understood. Although killing microbes is a critical function of macrophages, the ability to survive and/or proliferate within phagocytic cells seems to be a phenotypic feature of several intracellular pathogens. We have previously shown that R. conorii and R. montanensis exhibit different intracellular fates within macrophage-like cells. By evaluating early macrophage responses upon insult with each of these rickettsial species, herein we demonstrate that infection with R. conorii results in a profound reprogramming of host gene expression profiles. Transcriptional programs generated upon infection with this pathogenic bacteria point toward a sophisticated ability to evade innate immune signals, by modulating the expression of several anti-inflammatory molecules. Moreover, R. conorii induce the expression of several pro-survival genes, which may result in the ability to prolong host cell survival, thus protecting its replicative niche. Remarkably, R. conorii-infection promoted a robust modulation of different transcription factors, suggesting that an early manipulation of the host gene expression machinery may be key to R. conorii proliferation in THP-1 macrophages. This work provides new insights into the early molecular processes hijacked by a pathogenic SFG Rickettsia to establish a replicative niche in macrophages, opening several avenues of research in host-rickettsiae interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Curto
- Ph.D. Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
- Vector Borne Disease Laboratories, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sean P. Riley
- Vector Borne Disease Laboratories, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Isaura Simões
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
- Vector Borne Disease Laboratories, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Juan J. Martinez
- Vector Borne Disease Laboratories, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Novel Assay To Characterize Neutrophil Responses to Oral Biofilms. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00790-18. [PMID: 30455195 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00790-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most numerous leukocytes, play an important role in maintaining oral health through interactions with oral microbial biofilms. Both neutrophil hyperactivity and the bacterial subversion of neutrophil responses can cause inflammation-mediated tissue damage like that seen in periodontal disease. We describe here an assay that assesses neutrophil activation responses to monospecies biofilm bacteria in vitro based on the surface expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers associated with various neutrophil functions. Most of what we know about neutrophil responses to bacteria is based on in vitro assays that use planktonic bacteria and isolated/preactivated neutrophils, which makes interpretation of the neutrophil responses to bacteria a challenge. An understanding of how neutrophils differentially interact with and respond to commensal and pathogenic oral bacteria is necessary in order to further understand the neutrophil's role in maintaining oral health and the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In this study, a flow cytometry-based in vitro assay was developed to characterize neutrophil activation states based on CD marker expressions in response to oral monospecies bacterial biofilms. Using this approach, changes in CD marker expressions in response to specific prominent oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria were assayed. Several functional assays, including assays for phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species, activation of the transcription factor Nrf2, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and myeloperoxidase release, were also performed to correlate neutrophil function with CD marker expression. Our results demonstrate that neutrophils display bacterial species-specific responses. This assay can be used to characterize how specific biofilms alter specific neutrophil pathways associated with their activation.
Collapse
|
32
|
OmpA-like proteins of Porphyromonas gingivalis contribute to serum resistance and prevent Toll-like receptor 4-mediated host cell activation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202791. [PMID: 30153274 PMCID: PMC6112661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis possesses various abilities to evade and disrupt host immune responses, by which it acts as an important periodontal pathogen. P. gingivalis produces outer membrane protein A (OmpA)-like proteins (OmpALPs), Pgm6 and Pgm7, as major O-linked glycoproteins, but their pathological roles in P. gingivalis infection are largely unknown. Here, we report that OmpALP-deficient strains of P. gingivalis show an enhanced stimulatory activity in coculture with host cells. Such an altered ability of the OmpALP-deficient strains was found to be due to their impaired survival in coculture and the release of LPS from dead bacterial cells to stimulate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Further analyses revealed that the OmpALP-deficient strains were inviable in serum-containing media although they grew normally in the bacterial medium. The wild-type strain was able to grow in 90% normal human serum, while the OmpALP-deficient strains did not survive even at 5%. The OmpALP-deficient strains did not survive in heat-inactivated serum, but they gained the ability to survive and grow in proteinase K-treated serum. Of note, the sensitivity of the OmpALP-deficient strains to the bactericidal activity of human β-defensin 3 was increased as compared with the WT. Thus, this study suggests that OmpALPs Pgm6 and Pgm7 are important for serum resistance of P. gingivalis. These proteins prevent bacterial cell destruction by serum and innate immune recognition by TLR4; this way, P. gingivalis may adeptly colonize serum-containing gingival crevicular fluids and subgingival environments.
Collapse
|
33
|
Bystander Cells Taking Action. J Innate Immun 2017; 9:527-528. [PMID: 29131042 DOI: 10.1159/000484305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
34
|
Ebersole JL, Dawson D, Emecen-Huja P, Nagarajan R, Howard K, Grady ME, Thompson K, Peyyala R, Al-Attar A, Lethbridge K, Kirakodu S, Gonzalez OA. The periodontal war: microbes and immunity. Periodontol 2000 2017; 75:52-115. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
35
|
Gingipain of Porphyromonas gingivalis manipulates M1 macrophage polarization through C5a pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
36
|
Glowczyk I, Wong A, Potempa B, Babyak O, Lech M, Lamont RJ, Potempa J, Koziel J. Inactive Gingipains from P. gingivalis Selectively Skews T Cells toward a Th17 Phenotype in an IL-6 Dependent Manner. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:140. [PMID: 28497028 PMCID: PMC5406403 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingipain cysteine proteases are considered key virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis. They significantly influence antibacterial and homeostatic functions of macrophages, neutrophils, the complement system, and cytokine networks. Recent data indicate the role of P. gingivalis in T cell differentiation; however, the involvement of gingipains in this process remains elusive. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of danger signals triggered by the gingipains on the generation of Th17 cells, which play a key role in protection against bacterial diseases but may cause chronic inflammation and bone resorption. To this end we compared the effects of the wild-type strain of P. gingivalis (W83) with its isogenic mutant devoid of gingipain activity (ΔKΔRAB), and bacterial cells pretreated with a highly-specific inhibitor of gingipains activity (KYTs). Antigen presenting cells (APCs), both professional (dendritic cells), and non-professional (gingival keratinocytes), exposed to viable bacteria expressed high amounts of cytokines (IL-6, IL-21, IL-23). These cytokines are reported to either stimulate or balance the Th17-dependent immune response. Surprisingly, cells infected with P. gingivalis devoid of gingipain activity showed increased levels of all tested cytokines compared to bacteria with fully active enzymes. The effect was dependent on both the reduction of cytokine proteolysis and the lack of cross-talk with other bacterial virulence factors, including LPS and fimbriae that induce de novo synthesis of cytokines. The profile of lymphocyte T differentiation from naive T cells showed enhanced generation of Th17 in response to bacteria with inactive gingipains. Moreover, we found that gingipain-dependent induction of Th17 cells was highly specific, since other T cell-subsets remained unchanged. Finally, inhibition of IL-6 signaling in dendritic cells led to a significant depletion of the Th17 population. Cumulatively, this study revealed a previously undisclosed role of gingipain activity in the process of Th17 differentiation reliant on blocking signaling through IL-6. Since inactivation of gingipains accelerates the skewing of T cells toward Th17 cells, which are detrimental in periodontitis, IL-6 signaling may serve as an attractive target for treatment of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Glowczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian UniversityKrakow, Poland
| | - Alicia Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian UniversityKrakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Potempa
- Center for Oral Health and Systemic Disease, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Olena Babyak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian UniversityKrakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Lech
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian UniversityKrakow, Poland.,Department of Nephrology, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVMunich, Germany
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Center for Oral Health and Systemic Disease, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian UniversityKrakow, Poland.,Center for Oral Health and Systemic Disease, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Joanna Koziel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian UniversityKrakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipains cause defective macrophage migration towards apoptotic cells and inhibit phagocytosis of primary apoptotic neutrophils. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2644. [PMID: 28252646 PMCID: PMC5386511 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition characterised by an aberrant host response to a pathogenic plaque biofilm resulting in local tissue damage and frustrated healing that can result in tooth loss. Cysteine proteases (gingipains) from the key periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis have been implicated in periodontal disease pathogenesis by inhibiting inflammation resolution and are linked with systemic chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells is essential for the resolution of inflammation and tissue restoration. Here we sought to characterise the innate immune clearance of apoptotic cells and its modulation by gingipains. We examined the capacity of gingipain-treated macrophages to migrate towards and phagocytose apoptotic cells. Lysine gingipain treatment of macrophages impaired macrophage migration towards apoptotic neutrophils. Furthermore, lysine gingipain treatment reduced surface expression levels of CD14, a key macrophage receptor for apoptotic cells, which resulted in reduced macrophage interactions with apoptotic cells. Additionally, while apoptotic cells and their derived secretome were shown to inhibit TNF-α-induced expression by P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide, we demonstrated that gingipain preparations induced a rapid inflammatory response in macrophages that was resistant to the anti-inflammatory effects of apoptotic cells or their secretome. Taken together, these data indicate that P. gingivalis may promote the chronic inflammation seen in periodontal disease patients by multiple mechanisms, including rapid, potent gingipain-mediated inflammation, coupled with receptor cleavage leading to defective clearance of apoptotic cells and reduced anti-inflammatory responses. Thus, gingipains represent a potential therapeutic target for intervention in the management of chronic periodontal disease.
Collapse
|
38
|
Human dental stem cells suppress PMN activity after infection with the periodontopathogens Prevotella intermedia and Tannerella forsythia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39096. [PMID: 27974831 PMCID: PMC5156907 DOI: 10.1038/srep39096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by inflammation associated with the colonization of different oral pathogens. We here aimed to investigate how bacteria and host cells shape their environment in order to limit inflammation and tissue damage in the presence of the pathogen. Human dental follicle stem cells (hDFSCs) were co-cultured with gram-negative P. intermedia and T. forsythia and were quantified for adherence and internalization as well as migration and interleukin secretion. To delineate hDFSC-specific effects, gingival epithelial cells (Ca9-22) were used as controls. Direct effects of hDFSCs on neutrophils (PMN) after interaction with bacteria were analyzed via chemotactic attraction, phagocytic activity and NET formation. We show that P. intermedia and T. forsythia adhere to and internalize into hDFSCs. This infection decreased the migratory capacity of the hDFSCs by 50%, did not disturb hDFSC differentiation potential and provoked an increase in IL-6 and IL-8 secretion while leaving IL-10 levels unaltered. These environmental modulations correlated with reduced PMN chemotaxis, phagocytic activity and NET formation. Our results suggest that P. intermedia and T. forsythia infected hDFSCs maintain their stem cell functionality, reduce PMN-induced tissue and bone degradation via suppression of PMN-activity, and at the same time allow for the survival of the oral pathogens.
Collapse
|
39
|
Adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia to dentin and titanium with sandblasted and acid etched surface coated with serum and serum proteins - An in vitro study. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 75:81-88. [PMID: 27825675 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the adhesion of selected bacterial strains incl. expression of important virulence factors at dentin and titanium SLA surfaces coated with layers of serum proteins. METHODS Dentin- and moderately rough SLA titanium-discs were coated overnight with human serum, or IgG, or human serum albumin (HSA). Thereafter, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, or a six-species mixture were added for 4h and 24h. The number of adhered bacteria (colony forming units; CFU) was determined. Arg-gingipain activity of P. gingivalis and mRNA expressions of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia proteases and T. forsythia protease inhibitor were measured. RESULTS Coating specimens never resulted in differences exceeding 1.1 log10 CFU, comparing to controls, irrespective the substrate. Counts of T. forsythia were statistically significantly higher at titanium than dentin, the difference was up to 3.7 log10 CFU after 24h (p=0.002). No statistically significant variation regarding adhesion of the mixed culture was detected between surfaces or among coatings. Arg-gingipain activity of P. gingivalis was associated with log10 CFU but not with the surface or the coating. Titanium negatively influenced mRNA expression of T. forsythia protease inhibitor at 24h (p=0.026 uncoated, p=0.009 with serum). CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicate that: a) single bacterial species (T. forsythia) can adhere more readily to titanium SLA than to dentin, b) low expression of T. forsythia protease inhibitor may influence the virulence of the species on titanium SLA surfaces in comparison with teeth, and c) surface properties (e.g. material and/or protein layers) do not appear to significantly influence multi-species adhesion.
Collapse
|
40
|
Pereira FV, Melo ACL, de Melo FM, Mourão-Sá D, Silva P, Berzaghi R, Herbozo CCA, Coelho-Dos-Reis J, Scutti JA, Origassa CST, Pereira RM, Juliano L, Juliano MA, Carmona AK, Câmara NOS, Tsuji M, Travassos LR, Rodrigues EG. TLR4-mediated immunomodulatory properties of the bacterial metalloprotease arazyme in preclinical tumor models. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1178420. [PMID: 27622031 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1178420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent approval of new agents for metastatic melanoma, its treatment remains challenging. Moreover, few available immunotherapies induce a strong cellular immune response, and selection of the correct immunoadjuvant is crucial for overcoming this obstacle. Here, we studied the immunomodulatory properties of arazyme, a bacterial metalloprotease, which was previously shown to control metastasis in a murine melanoma B16F10-Nex2 model. The antitumor activity of arazyme was independent of its proteolytic activity, since heat-inactivated protease showed comparable properties to the active enzyme; however, the effect was dependent on an intact immune system, as antitumor properties were lost in immunodeficient mice. The protective response was IFNγ-dependent, and CD8(+) T lymphocytes were the main effector antitumor population, although B and CD4(+) T lymphocytes were also induced. Macrophages and dendritic cells were involved in the induction of the antitumor response, as arazyme activation of these cells increased both the expression of surface activation markers and proinflammatory cytokine secretion through TLR4-MyD88-TRIF-dependent, but also MAPK-dependent pathways. Arazyme was also effective in the murine breast adenocarcinoma 4T1 model, reducing primary and metastatic tumor development, and prolonging survival. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a bacterial metalloprotease interaction with TLR4 and subsequent receptor activation that promotes a proinflammatory and tumor protective response. Our results show that arazyme has immunomodulatory properties, and could be a promising novel alternative for metastatic melanoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe V Pereira
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center (ADARC), Rockefeller University, NY, USA
| | - Amanda C L Melo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Filipe M de Melo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Mourão-Sá
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute , London, UK
| | - Priscila Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Berzaghi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina C A Herbozo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jordana Coelho-Dos-Reis
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center (ADARC), Rockefeller University, NY, USA; Rene Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jorge A Scutti
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarice S T Origassa
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosana M Pereira
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana K Carmona
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- HIV and Malaria Vaccine Program, Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center (ADARC), Rockefeller University , NY, USA
| | - Luiz R Travassos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine G Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Herwald H, Egesten A. The Origin of a Paradigm. J Innate Immun 2016; 8:221-2. [PMID: 27116245 DOI: 10.1159/000445282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
42
|
Steinmetz O, Hoch S, Avniel-Polak S, Gavish K, Eli-Berchoer L, Wilensky A, Nussbaum G. CX3CR1hi Monocyte/Macrophages Support Bacterial Survival and Experimental Infection-Driven Bone Resorption. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:1505-15. [PMID: 26704610 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis,an anaerobic bacterium strongly linked to infection-driven inflammatory bone erosion, thrives within a highly inflamed milieu and disseminates to distant sites, such as atherosclerotic plaque. We examined the role of monocyte/macrophages in determining the outcome of infection with P. gingivalis. Surprisingly, transient monocyte/macrophage depletion led to greatly improved clearance of P. gingivalis. The chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1 play a major role in monocyte recruitment and differentiation to Ly6C(hi) vs CX3CR1(hi) subsets, respectively. To determine the contribution of particular monocyte/macrophage subsets to bacterial survival, we challenged chemokine receptor knockout mice and found that P. gingivalis clearance is significantly improved in the absence of CX3CR1. CX3CR1(hi) monocyte/macrophages promote P. gingivalis survival by downregulating neutrophil phagocytosis. Furthermore, CX3CR1 knockout mice resist bone resorption in the oral cavity following challenge with P. gingivalis Our findings provide an explanation for bacterial coexistence alongside an activate neutrophil infiltrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orit Steinmetz
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shifra Hoch
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shani Avniel-Polak
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Keren Gavish
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luba Eli-Berchoer
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asaf Wilensky
- Department of Periodontology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gabriel Nussbaum
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Friedrich V, Gruber C, Nimeth I, Pabinger S, Sekot G, Posch G, Altmann F, Messner P, Andrukhov O, Schäffer C. Outer membrane vesicles of Tannerella forsythia: biogenesis, composition, and virulence. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 30:451-73. [PMID: 25953484 PMCID: PMC4604654 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tannerella forsythia is the only ‘red‐complex’ bacterium covered by an S‐layer, which has been shown to affect virulence. Here, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) enriched with putative glycoproteins are described as a new addition to the virulence repertoire of T. forsythia. Investigations of this bacterium are hampered by its fastidious growth requirements and the recently discovered mismatch of the available genome sequence (92A2 = ATCC BAA‐2717) and the widely used T. forsythia strain (ATCC 43037). T. forsythia was grown anaerobically in serum‐free medium and biogenesis of OMVs was analyzed by electron and atomic force microscopy. This revealed OMVs with a mean diameter of ~100 nm budding off from the outer membrane while retaining the S‐layer. An LC‐ESI‐TOF/TOF proteomic analysis of OMVs from three independent biological replicates identified 175 proteins. Of these, 14 exhibited a C‐terminal outer membrane translocation signal that directs them to the cell/vesicle surface, 61 and 53 were localized to the outer membrane and periplasm, respectively, 22 were predicted to be extracellular, and 39 to originate from the cytoplasm. Eighty proteins contained the Bacteroidales O‐glycosylation motif, 18 of which were confirmed as glycoproteins. Release of pro‐inflammatory mediators from the human monocytic cell line U937 and periodontal ligament fibroblasts upon stimulation with OMVs followed a concentration‐dependent increase that was more pronounced in the presence of soluble CD14 in conditioned media. The inflammatory response was significantly higher than that caused by whole T. forsythia cells. Our study represents the first characterization of T. forsythia OMVs, their proteomic composition and immunogenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Friedrich
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Gruber
- Department of Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Nimeth
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Pabinger
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Health & Environment Department, Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Sekot
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Posch
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Messner
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - O Andrukhov
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Competence Centre of Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jung YJ, Jun HK, Choi BK. Contradictory roles ofPorphyromonas gingivalisgingipains in caspase-1 activation. Cell Microbiol 2015; 17:1304-19. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jung Jung
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu Seoul 110-749 Korea
| | - Hye-Kyoung Jun
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu Seoul 110-749 Korea
| | - Bong-Kyu Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu Seoul 110-749 Korea
- Dental Research Institute; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rosadini CV, Kagan JC. Microbial strategies for antagonizing Toll-like-receptor signal transduction. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 32:61-70. [PMID: 25615700 PMCID: PMC4336813 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Within a few years of the discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their role in innate immunity, viral and bacterial proteins were recognized to antagonize TLR signal transduction. Since then, as TLR signaling networks were unraveled, microbial systems have been discovered that target nearly every component within these pathways. However, recent findings as well as some notable exceptions promote the idea that more of these systems have yet to be discovered. For example, we know very little about microbial systems for directly targeting non-cytoplasmic portions of TLR signaling pathways, that is, the ligand interacting portions of the receptor itself. In this review, we compare and contrast strategies by which bacteria and viruses antagonize TLR signaling networks to identify potential areas for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles V Rosadini
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|