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Peterson A, Nair L. Hair Follicle Stem Cells for Tissue Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:695-706. [PMID: 34238037 PMCID: PMC9419938 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the positive outcomes of various cell therapies currently under pre-clinical and clinical studies, there is a significant interest in novel stem cell sources with unique therapeutic properties. Studies over the past two decades or so demonstrated the feasibility to isolate multipotent/pluripotent stem cells from hair follicles. The easy accessibility, high proliferation and differentiation ability as well as lack of ethical concerns associated with this stem cell source make hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) attractive candidate for cell therapy and tissue engineering. This review discusses the various stem cell types identified in rodent and human hair follicles and ongoing studies on the potential use of HFSCs for skin, bone, cardio-vascular, and nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Peterson
- University of Connecticut, 7712, Storrs, Connecticut, United States;
| | - Lakshmi Nair
- University of Connecticut Health Center, 21654, Orthopaedic Surgery, Farmington, Connecticut, United States;
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2
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Yari A, Heidari F, Veijouye SJ, Nobakht M. Hair follicle stem cells promote cutaneous wound healing through the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis: an animal model. J Wound Care 2021; 29:526-536. [PMID: 32924817 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2020.29.9.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An appropriate source of adult stem cells for therapeutic use is stem cells deriving from the hair follicle bulge. Following injury, ischaemic tissues produce a variety of cytokines and growth factors that are essential for tissue repair. This study sought to investigate the temporal effects of hair follicle bulge stem cells (HFSCs) on cutaneous wound healing in rats using the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis. METHOD HFSCs obtained from rat vibrissa, labeled with DiI and then special markers, were detected using flow cytometry. The animals were divided into five groups: control (non-treated, n=18), sham (PBS, n=18), AMD (treated with AMD3100, n=18), HFSC + AMD (treated with HFSCs + AMD3100, n=18) and HFSC (treated with HFSCs, n=18). A full-thickness excisional wound model was created and DiI-labeled HFSCs were injected around the wound bed. Wound healing was recorded with digital photographs. The animals were sacrificed 3, 7 and 14 days after the surgery and were used for histological (H&E, Masson's trichrome staining) and molecular (ELISA and q-PCR) assays. RESULTS The flow cytometry results demonstrated that HFSCs were CD34-positive, nestin-positive, but Kr15-negative. The morphological analysis of the HFSC-treated wounds showed accelerated wound closure. The histological analysis of the photomicrographs exhibited more re-epithelialisation and dermal structural regeneration in the HFSC-treated wounds compared with the control group. In the HFSC + AMD group, the histological parameters improved on the same days, but showed a significant decrease compared with the HFSC group in all the days assayed. In the AMD group, there was a significant reduction in the noted parameters. qRT-PCR and ELISA showed a high expression level of SDF-1α, CXCR4 and VEGFR-2 in the HFSC-treated wounded skin tissue, but the expression of CXCR4 and VEGFR-2 showed a significant reduction in the HFSC + AMD group compared with the HFSC group. CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings of this study, HFSC transplantation affects wound closure parameters and the expression of SDF-1α and CXCR4. As the SDF-1α expression level increases in the injured area, the HFSCs contribute to wound repair through the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis. This result is extremely valuable because it raises the possibility of wounds healed by isolating autologous HFSCs from the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abazar Yari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Dietary Supplements and Probiotics Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heidari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Sanaz Joulai Veijouye
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Nobakht
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Infectious Diseases, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Iran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zeng S, Zhao X, Zhang L, Pathak JL, Huang W, Li Y, Guan H, Zhao W, Ge L, Shu Y. Effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor on neural differentiation of stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth. J Biol Eng 2020; 14:29. [PMID: 33298129 PMCID: PMC7724848 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-020-00251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are considered to be one of the main sources of seed cells in stem cell therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on neurogenic differentiation of SHEDs. With the consent of parents, SHEDs from 6 to 8 year old children were isolated and cultured. The mesenchymal stemness and the potential of multidirectional (adipogenic and osteogenic) differentiation for the isolated SHEDs were firstly determined. The effect of CNTF on specific neurogenic differentiation of SHEDs was then examined by detecting the expression of marker genes and proteins via RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence microscopy. The isolated SHEDs expressed specific surface markers of mesenchymal stem cells, and their potential of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation were confirmed. CNTF promoted the differentiation of SHEDs into neuron-like cells with a high expression of acetylcholine transferase (CHAT), a marker of cholinergic neurons. The expression of other neuron markers including nestin, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP 2), and β-tublin III was also detected. Interestingly, the expression of neurogenic markers was maintained at a high level after neurogenic induction. SHEDs can be induced by CNTF to differentiate into cholinergic neuron-like cells under appropriate culture conditions. Our findings have laid a foundation for future use of SHEDs to treat neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Zeng
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Xuedan Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, China.,GuangDong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Wenyan Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Yunyang Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Hongbing Guan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Wanghong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Lihong Ge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, China.
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, China. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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4
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Kubiak CA, Grochmal J, Kung TA, Cederna PS, Midha R, Kemp SWP. Stem-cell-based therapies to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. Muscle Nerve 2019; 61:449-459. [PMID: 31725911 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury remains a major cause of morbidity in trauma patients. Despite advances in microsurgical techniques and improved understanding of nerve regeneration, obtaining satisfactory outcomes after peripheral nerve injury remains a difficult clinical problem. There is a growing body of evidence in preclinical animal studies demonstrating the supportive role of stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. The characteristics of both mesoderm-derived and ectoderm-derived stem cell types and their role in peripheral nerve regeneration are discussed, specifically focusing on the presentation of both foundational laboratory studies and translational applications. The current state of clinical translation is presented, with an emphasis on both ethical considerations of using stems cells in humans and current governmental regulatory policies. Current advancements in cell-based therapies represent a promising future with regard to supporting nerve regeneration and achieving significant functional recovery after debilitating nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A Kubiak
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joey Grochmal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Theodore A Kung
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Paul S Cederna
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rajiv Midha
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen W P Kemp
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Human Hair Follicle Associated-Pluripotent (hHAP) Stem Cells Differentiate to Cardiac Muscle Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 29992514 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2018_170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Human hair follicle-associated pluripotent (hHAP) stem cells were isolated from the upper parts of human hair follicles. hHAP stem cells were suspended in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) where they differentiated to cardiac muscle cells as well as neurons, glial cells, keratinocytes, and smooth muscle cells. The methods of this chapter are appropriate for use of human hair follicles to produce hHAP stem cells in sufficient quantities for future heart, nerve, and spinal cord regeneration in the clinic.
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Yu Z, Xu N, Zhang N, Xiong Y, Wang Z, Liang S, Zhao D, Huang F, Zhang C. Repair of Peripheral Nerve Sensory Impairments via the Transplantation of Bone Marrow Neural Tissue-Committed Stem Cell-Derived Sensory Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:341-353. [PMID: 30684112 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of transplantation of bone marrow neural tissue-committed stem cell-derived sensory neuron-like cells for the repair of peripheral nerve sensory impairments in rats. Bone marrow was isolated and cultured to obtain the neural tissue-committed stem cells (NTCSCs), and the differentiation of these cells into sensory neuron-like cells was induced. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), bone marrow NTCSCs, and bone marrow NTCSC-derived sensory neurons (NTCSC-SNs) were transplanted by microinjection into the L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) in an animal model of sensory defect. On the 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 12th week after the transplantation, the effects of the three types of stem cells on the repair of the sensory functional defect were analyzed via behavioral observation, sensory function evaluation, electrophysiological examination of the sciatic nerve, and morphological observation of the DRGs. The results revealed that the transplanted BMSCs, NTCSCs, and NTCSC-SNs were all able to repair the sensory nerves. In addition, the effect of the NTCSC-SNs was significantly better than that of the other two types of stem cells. The general posture and gait of the animals in the sensory defect model exhibited evident improvement over time. Plantar temperature sensitivity and pain sensitivity gradually recovered, and the sensation latency was reduced, with faster sensory nerve conduction velocity. Transplantation of NTCSC-SNs can improve the repair of peripheral nerve sensory defects in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.,Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100, People's Republic of China
| | - Naili Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlian Xiong
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Liang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuansen Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Chen R, Miao Y, Hu Z. Dynamic Nestin expression during hair follicle maturation and the normal hair cycle. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:549-554. [PMID: 30483790 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nestin, a type-VI intermediate filament protein, serves as a marker for neural stem cells, and is also known to be expressed in follicle stem cells. Hair follicles go through repeated cycles of anagen (growth), catagen (regression) and telogen (quiescence) throughout the life of mammals following morphogenesis. In the present study it was demonstrated that in mice, the maturation of hair follicles includes the period between morphogenesis and the first anagen (4 weeks of age). Skin samples from Nestin‑green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ mice at different hair follicle stages were collected, and immunostaining for Nestin and Ki67 was performed. It was identified that during morphogenesis, Nestin‑GFP expression was rarely detected and it gradually increased during maturation (0‑4 weeks) in hair follicle dermal cells. In mature hair follicle dermal cells, Nestin and the proliferation marker Ki67 were highly expressed in anagen, while during telogen, they were markedly decreased. Additionally, lineage tracing data demonstrated that peri‑follicular Nestin+ cells during morphogenesis differentiated into cluster of differentiation 31+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruosi Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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8
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Ma W, Xie X, Shao X, Zhang Y, Mao C, Zhan Y, Zhao D, Liu M, Li Q, Lin Y. Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures facilitate neural stem cell migration via activating RHOA/ROCK2 signalling pathway. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12503. [PMID: 30091500 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main purpose of current study was to explore the effects of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) on neuroectodermal (NE-4C) stem cells migration and unveil the potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The successfully self-assembled TDNs were also determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). A bidirectional wound-healing assay and transwell chamber assay were employed to test the migrating behaviour of NE-4C stem cells cultured under different conditions. RESULTS Through an in vitro study, we found that stem cells could internalize TDNs quickly, and the cells' parallel and vertical migration was promoted effectively. Besides, the effects of TDNs were found being exerted by upregulating the gene and protein expression levels of RhoA, Rock2 and Vinculin, indicating that the RHOA/ROCK2 pathway was activated by the TDNs during the cell migration. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, TDNs could enter NSCs without the aid of other transfection reagents in large amounts, whereas only small amounts of ssDNA could enter the cells. TDNs taken up by NSCs activated the RHOA/ROCK2 signalling pathway, which had effects on the relevant genes and proteins expression, eventually promoting the migration of NE-4C stem cells. These findings suggested that TDNs have great potential in application for the repair and regeneration of neural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoru Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenchen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianshun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Ma W, Shao X, Zhao D, Li Q, Liu M, Zhou T, Xie X, Mao C, Zhang Y, Lin Y. Self-Assembled Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructures Promote Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:7892-7900. [PMID: 29424522 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy is considered a promising approach for the repair of nervous tissues. Neural stem cells (NSCs) cannot proliferate or differentiate efficiently; hence, different biomaterials have been explored to improve NSC proliferation and differentiation. However, these agents either had low bioavailability or poor biocompatibility. In this work, our group investigated the effects of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs), a novel DNA biological material, on the self-renew and differentiation of neuroectodermal (NE-4C) stem cells. We observed that TDN treatment promoted self-renew of the stem cells via activating the Wnt/β -catenin pathway. In addition, our findings suggested that NE-4C stem cells' neuronal differentiation could be promoted effectively by TDNs via inhibiting the notch signaling pathway. In summary, this is the first report about the effects of TDNs on the proliferation and differentiation of NE-4C stem cells and the results demonstrate that TDNs have a great potential in nerve tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoru Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Qianshun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Mengting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Xueping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
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10
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Protocols for Cryopreservation of Intact Hair Follicle That Maintain Pluripotency of Nestin-Expressing Hair-Follicle-Associated Pluripotent (HAP) Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1453:173-8. [PMID: 27431257 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3786-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hair follicles contain nestin-expressing pluripotent stem cells, the origin of which is above the bulge area, below the sebaceous gland. We have termed these cells hair-follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells. Cryopreservation methods of the hair follicle that maintain the pluripotency of HAP stem cells are described in this chapter. Intact hair follicles from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice were cryopreserved by slow-rate cooling in TC-Protector medium and storage in liquid nitrogen. After thawing, the upper part of the hair follicle was isolated and cultured in DMEM with fetal bovine serum (FBS). After 4 weeks culture, cells from the upper part of the hair follicles grew out. The growing cells were transferred to DMEM/F12 without FBS. After 1 week culture, the growing cells formed hair spheres, each containing approximately 1 × 10(2) HAP stem cells. The hair spheres contained cells which could differentiate to neurons, glial cells, and other cell types. The formation of hair spheres by the thawed and cultured upper part of the hair follicle produced almost as many pluripotent hair spheres as fresh follicles. The hair spheres derived from cryopreserved hair follicles were as pluripotent as hair spheres from fresh hair follicles. These results suggest that the cryopreservation of the whole hair follicle is an effective way to store HAP stem cells for personalized regenerative medicine, enabling any individual to maintain a bank of pluripotent stem cells for future clinical use.
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11
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Amoh Y, Katsuoka K, Hoffman RM. Peripheral-Nerve and Spinal-Cord Regeneration in Mice Using Hair-Follicle-Associated Pluripotent (HAP) Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1453:21-32. [PMID: 27431243 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3786-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Nestin, a neural stem cell marker protein, is expressed in hair follicle cells above the bulge area. These nestin-positive hair follicle-associated-pluripotent (HAP) stem cells are negative for the keratinocyte marker K15 and can differentiate into neurons, glia, keratinocytes, smooth muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, and melanocytes in vitro. HAP stem cells are positive for the stem cell marker CD34, as well as K15-negative, suggesting their relatively undifferentiated state. HAP stem cells promoted the functional recovery of injured peripheral nerves and the spinal cord. HAP stem cells differentiated into glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive Schwann cells when implanted in severed sciatic nerves and spinal cords in mice. These results suggest that HAP stem cells provide an important accessible, autologous source of adult stem cells for regenerative medicine, that have critical advantages over ES and iPS stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Amoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan.,AntiCancer, Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92111, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Kensei Katsuoka
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92111, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.
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12
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Hoffman RM. The Advantages of Using Fluorescent Proteins for In Vivo Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cpet.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego California
- AntiCancer Inc San Diego California
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13
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Flores AF, Varela-Vazquez A, Mayan MD, Fonseca E. Expression of connexin 43 in the human hair follicle: emphasis on the connexin 43 protein levels in the bulge and through the keratinization process. J Cutan Pathol 2017; 45:8-15. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Fernandez Flores
- Department of Cellular Pathology; Hospital El Bierzo; Ponferrada Spain
- Department of Cellular Pathology; Hospital de la Reina; Ponferrada Spain
- CellCOM-SB Group, Institute for Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC); University of A Coruña (UDC); A Coruña Spain
| | - Adrian Varela-Vazquez
- CellCOM-SB Group, Institute for Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC); University of A Coruña (UDC); A Coruña Spain
| | - Maria D. Mayan
- CellCOM-SB Group, Institute for Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC); University of A Coruña (UDC); A Coruña Spain
| | - Eduardo Fonseca
- CellCOM-SB Group, Institute for Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC); University of A Coruña (UDC); A Coruña Spain
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital of A Coruña; A Coruña Spain
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14
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Yamazaki A, Obara K, Tohgi N, Shirai K, Mii S, Hamada Y, Arakawa N, Aki R, Hoffman RM, Amoh Y. Implanted hair-follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells encapsulated in polyvinylidene fluoride membrane cylinders promote effective recovery of peripheral nerve injury. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1927-1932. [PMID: 28886268 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1363941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle-associated-pluripotent (HAP) stem cells are located in the bulge area of the hair follicle, express the stem-cell marker, nestin, and have been shown to differentiate to nerve cells, glial cells, keratinocytes, smooth muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, and melanocytes. Transplanted HAP stem cells promote the recovery of peripheral nerve and spinal cord injuries and have the potential for heart regeneration as well. In the present study, we implanted mouse green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing HAP stem-cell spheres encapsulated in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-membrane cylinders into the severed sciatic nerve of immunocompetent and immunocompromised (nude) mice. Eight weeks after implantation, immunofluorescence staining showed that the HAP stem cells differentiated into neurons and glial cells. Fluorescence microscopy showed that the HAP stem cell hair spheres promoted rejoining of the sciatic nerve of both immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed that the severed scatic nerves had regenerated. Quantitative walking analysis showed that the transplanted mice recovered the ability to walk normally. HAP stem cells are readily accessible from everyone, do not form tumors, and can be cryopreserved without loss of differentiation potential. These results suggest that HAP stem cells may have greater potential than iPS or ES cells for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Yamazaki
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward, Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Kohya Obara
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward, Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Natsuko Tohgi
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward, Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Kyoumi Shirai
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward, Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Mii
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward, Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Yuko Hamada
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward, Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Nobuko Arakawa
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward, Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Ryoichi Aki
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward, Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- b AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Surgery , University of California San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Yasuyuki Amoh
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward, Sagamihara , Japan
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15
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Sugaya K. Effects of gamma rays on the regeneration of murine hair follicles in the natural hair cycle. Int J Radiat Biol 2017. [PMID: 28627318 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1344362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review evaluates the effects of γ-rays on the regeneration of murine hair follicles in the natural hair cycle. A series of studies were performed to investigate this issue, in which the whole bodies of C57BL/10JHir mice in the 1st telogen phase of the hair cycle were irradiated with γ-rays. RESULTS The dermis of the irradiated skin showed a decrease in hair follicle density and induction of curved hair follicles along with the presence of white hairs and hypopigmented hair bulbs in the 2nd and 3rd anagen phases. An increased frequency of hypopigmented hair bulbs was still observed in the later hair cycle at postnatal day 200. There was no significant difference in the number of stem cells in the hair bulge region between control and irradiated skin. CONCLUSIONS These results show that the effects of γ-rays on the pigmentation of murine hair follicles are persistently carried over to later hair cycles, although those on the number and structure of hair follicles appear to be hidden by the effects of aging. Our findings may be important for understanding the mechanisms of the actions of stem cells on hair regeneration in connection with age-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiko Sugaya
- a Functional and Molecular Imaging Team, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics , National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) , Chiba , Japan
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16
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Lee SH, Jin WP, Seo NR, Pang KM, Kim B, Kim SM, Lee JH. Recombinant human fibroblast growth factor-2 promotes nerve regeneration and functional recovery after mental nerve crush injury. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:629-636. [PMID: 28553345 PMCID: PMC5436363 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.205104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) can directly affect axon regeneration after peripheral nerve damage. In this study, we performed sensory tests and histological analyses to study the effect of recombinant human FGF-2 (rhFGF2) treatment on damaged mental nerves. The mental nerves of 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were crush-injured for 1 minute and then treated with 10 or 50 μg/mL rhFGF2 or PBS in crush injury area with a mini Osmotic pump. Sensory test using von Frey filaments at 1 week revealed the presence of sensory degeneration based on decreased gap score and increased difference score. However, at 2 weeks, the gap score and difference score were significantly rebounded in the mental nerve crush group treated with 10 μg/mL rhFGF2. Interestingly, treatment with 10 μg/mL rhFGF had a more obviously positive effect on the gap score than treatment with 50 μg/mL rhFGF2. In addition, retrograde neuronal tracing with Dil revealed a significant increase in nerve regeneration in the trigeminal ganglion at 2 and 4 weeks in the rhFGF2 groups (10 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL) than in the PBS group. The 10 μg/mL rhFGF2 group also showed an obviously robust regeneration in axon density in the mental nerve at 4 weeks. Our results demonstrate that 10 μg/mL rhFGF induces mental nerve regeneration and sensory recovery after mental nerve crush injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Lee
- Dental Research Institute, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wei-Peng Jin
- Dental Research Institute, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Ri Seo
- Dental Research Institute, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang-Mi Pang
- Dental Research Institute, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bongju Kim
- Dental Life Science Research Institute, Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soung-Min Kim
- Dental Research Institute, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Dental Research Institute, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Yamazaki A, Yashiro M, Mii S, Aki R, Hamada Y, Arakawa N, Kawahara K, Hoffman RM, Amoh Y. Isoproterenol directs hair follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells to differentiate in vitro to cardiac muscle cells which can be induced to form beating heart-muscle tissue sheets. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:760-5. [PMID: 27104748 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1146837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nestin-expressing hair-follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells are located in the bulge area of the follicle. Previous studies have shown that HAP stem cells can differentiate to neurons, glia, keratinocytes, smooth muscle cells, and melanocytes in vitro. HAP stem cells effected nerve and spinal cord regeneration in mouse models. Recently, we demonstrated that HAP stem cells differentiated to beating cardiac muscle cells. The differentiation potential to cardiac muscle cells was greatest in the upper part of the follicle. The beat rate of the cardiac muscle cells was stimulated by isoproterenol. In the present study, we observed that isoproterenol directs HAP stem cells to differentiate to cardiac muscle cells in large numbers in culture compared to HAP stem cells not supplemented with isoproterenol. The addition of activin A, bone morphogenetic protein 4, and basic fibroblast growth factor, along with isoproternal, induced the cardiac muscle cells to form tissue sheets of beating heart muscle cells. These results demonstrate that HAP stem cells have great potential to form beating cardiac muscle cells in tissue sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Yamazaki
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward , Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Masateru Yashiro
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward , Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Mii
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward , Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Ryoichi Aki
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward , Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Yuko Hamada
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward , Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Nobuko Arakawa
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward , Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Katsumasa Kawahara
- b Department of Physiology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward , Sagamihara , Japan.,c Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology , Kitasato Univ Grad Sch Med Sci , Minami Ward , Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- d AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,e Department of Surgery , University of California San Diego , San Diego , CA USA
| | - Yasuyuki Amoh
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward , Sagamihara , Japan
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18
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Tohgi N, Obara K, Yashiro M, Hamada Y, Arakawa N, Mii S, Aki R, Hoffman RM, Amoh Y. Human hair-follicle associated pluripotent (hHAP) stem cells differentiate to cardiac-muscle cells. Cell Cycle 2016; 16:95-99. [PMID: 27880068 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1253642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that nestin-expressing hair follicle-associated-pluripotent (HAP) stem cells are located in the bulge area. HAP stem cells have been previously shown to differentiate to neurons, glial cells, keratinocytes, smooth-muscle cells, melanocytes and cardiac-muscle cells in vitro. Subsequently, we demonstrated that HAP stem cells could effect nerve and spinal cord regeneration in mouse models, differentiating to Schwann cells and neurons. In previous studies, we established an efficient protocol for the differentiation of cardiac-muscle cells from mouse HAP stem cells. In the present study, we isolated the upper part of human hair follicles containing human HAP (hHAP) stem cells. The upper parts of human hair follicles were suspended in DMEM containing 10% FBS where they differentiated to cardiac-muscle cells as well as neurons, glial cells, keratinocytes and smooth-muscle cells. This method is appropriate for future use with human hair follicles to produce hHAP stem cells in sufficient quantities for future heart, nerve and spinal cord regeneration in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Tohgi
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward , Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Koya Obara
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward , Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Masateru Yashiro
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward , Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Yuko Hamada
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward , Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Nobuko Arakawa
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward , Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Mii
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward , Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Ryoichi Aki
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward , Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- b AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Surgery , University of California San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Yasuyuki Amoh
- a Department of Dermatology , Kitasato University School of Medicine , Minami Ward , Sagamihara , Japan
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19
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Shirai K, Hamada Y, Arakawa N, Yamazaki A, Tohgi N, Aki R, Mii S, Hoffman RM, Amoh Y. Hypoxia Enhances Differentiation of Hair Follicle-Associated-Pluripotent (HAP) Stem Cells to Cardiac-Muscle Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:554-558. [PMID: 27627796 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the neural stem-cell marker nestin is expressed in hair-follicle stem cells located in the bulge area which are termed hair-follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells. HAP stem cells from mouse and human could form spheres in culture, termed hair spheres, which are keratin 15-negative and nestin-positive and could differentiate to neurons, glia, keratinocytes, smooth muscle cells, and melanocytes in vitro. Subsequently, we demonstrated that nestin-expressing stem cells could effect nerve and spinal cord regeneration in mouse models. Recently, we demonstrated that HAP stem cells differentiated to beating cardiac muscle cells. We recently observed that isoproterenol directs HAP stem cells to differentiate to cardiac-muscle cells in large numbers in culture compared to HAP stem cells not supplemented with isoproterenol. The addition of activin A, bone morphogenetic protein 4, and basic fibroblast growth factor, along with isoproternal, induced the cardiac muscle cells to form tissue sheets of beating heart muscle cells. In the present study, we report that, under hypoxic conditions, HAP stem cells differentiated to troponin-positive cardiac-muscle cells at a higher rate that under normoxic conditions. Hypoxia did not influence the differentiation to other cell types. For future use of HAP stem cells for cardiac muscle regeneration, hypoxia should enhance the rate of differentiation thereby providing patients more opportunities to use their own HAP stem cells which are easily accessible, for this purpose. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 554-558, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoumi Shirai
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Totsuka Ward, Yokohama, 245-8575, Japan
| | - Yuko Hamada
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Nobuko Arakawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Aiko Yamazaki
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Natsuko Tohgi
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Aki
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Mii
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, California, 92111.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, 92103
| | - Yasuyuki Amoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
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20
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Uchugonova A, Cao W, Hoffman RM, Koenig K. Comparison of label-free and GFP multiphoton imaging of hair follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells in mouse whiskers. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3430-3. [PMID: 26397024 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1090064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair-follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells can differentiate into many cell types, including neurons and heart muscle cells, and have been shown to repair peripheral nerves and the spinal cord in mice. HAP stem cells can be obtained from each individual patient for regenerative medicine which overcomes problems with immune rejection. Previously, we have demonstrated that genetically-encoded protein markers such as GFP in transgenic mice can be used to visualize HAP stem cells in vivo by multiphoton tomography. Detection and visualization of stem cells in vivo without exogenous labels such as GFP would be important for human application. In the present report, we demonstrate label-free visualization of hair follicle stem cells in mouse whiskers by multiphoton tomography due to the intrinsic fluorophores such as NAD(P)H/flavins. We compared multiphoton tomography of GFP-labeled HAP stem cells and unlabeled stem cells in isolated mouse whiskers. We show that observation of HAP stem cells by label-free multiphoton tomography is comparable to detection using GFP-labeled stem cells. The results described here have important implications for detection and isolation of human HAP stem cells for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisada Uchugonova
- a Department of Biophotonics and Laser Technology ; Saarland University ; Saarbruecken , Germany.,b AntiCancer Inc. ; San Diego , CA USA.,c Department of Surgery ; University of California San Diego ; San Diego , CA USA
| | - Wenluo Cao
- b AntiCancer Inc. ; San Diego , CA USA.,c Department of Surgery ; University of California San Diego ; San Diego , CA USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- b AntiCancer Inc. ; San Diego , CA USA.,c Department of Surgery ; University of California San Diego ; San Diego , CA USA
| | - Karsten Koenig
- a Department of Biophotonics and Laser Technology ; Saarland University ; Saarbruecken , Germany.,d JenLab GmbH ; Jena , Germany
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21
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Discovery of HAP Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016. [PMID: 27431242 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3786-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Cells expressing the stem cell marker, nestin, were selectively labeled in transgenic mice by placing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the nestin promoter in transgenic mice. In these transgenic mice, neural and other stem cells brightly expressed GFP. The mice were termed nestin-driven GFP (ND-GFP) mice. During early anagen or growth phase of the hair follicle, ND-GFP appeared in the permanent upper hair follicle immediately below the sebaceous glands in the follicle bulge. The relatively small, oval-shaped, nestin-expressing cells in the bulge area surrounded the hair shaft and were interconnected by short dendrites. The location of the nestin-expressing cells in the hair follicle varied with the hair cycle. During telogen or resting phase and in early anagen, the GFP-positive cells are mainly in the bulge area. However, in mid- and late-anagen, the GFP-expressing cells were located in the upper outer-root sheath as well as in the bulge area. The expression of the unique protein, nestin, in both neural stem cells and hair follicle stem cells, which suggested their relationship. The ND-GFP hair follicle stem cells were later termed hair-follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells.
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22
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Protocols for Efficient Differentiation of Hair Follicle-Associated Pluripotent (HAP) Stem Cells to Beating Cardiac Muscle Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016. [PMID: 27431255 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3786-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the nestin-expressing cells from the upper part of the hair follicle can differentiate to neurons and other cell types. We have termed these cells as hair-associated-pluripotent (HAP) stem cells. In the present chapter, we describe methods for HAP stem cells to differentiate to beating cardiac muscle cells. The mouse vibrissa hair follicle was divided into three parts (upper, middle, and lower), and each part was suspended separately in DMEM containing 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS). All three parts of hair follicle differentiate to neurons, glial cells, keratinocytes, smooth muscle cells, and cardiac muscle cells. The differentiation potential to cardiac muscle is greatest in the upper part of the follicle. Hair spheres comprised of HAP stem cells formed from the upper part of vibrissa hair follicle can differentiate to cardiac muscle cells.
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23
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Protocols for Ectopic Hair Growth from Transplanted Whisker Follicles on the Spinal Cord of Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2016. [PMID: 27431253 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3786-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Isolated whisker follicles from nestin-driven green fluorescent protein (ND-GFP) mice, containing hair-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells, were histocultured in three dimensions on Gelfoam(®) for 3 weeks for subsequent transplantation to the spinal cord in order to heal an induced injury with the HAP stem cells. The hair shafts were removed from Gelfoam(®)-histocultured whisker follicles, and the remaining parts of the whisker follicles, containing GFP-nestin-expressing (HAP) stem cells, were transplanted into the injured spinal cord of nude mice, along with the Gelfoam(®). After 90 days, the mice were sacrificed and the spinal cord injuries were observed to have healed. ND-GFP expression was intense at the healed area of the spinal cord, as observed by fluorescence microscopy, demonstrating that the HAP stem cells were involved in healing the spinal cord. The transplanted whisker follicles produced remarkably long hair shafts in the spinal cord over 90 days and curved and enclosed the spinal cord. This result changes our concept of hair growth, demonstrating it is not limited to the skin and that hair growth appears related to HAP stem cells as both increased in tandem on the spinal cord.
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24
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Sagha M, Najafzadeh N. Highly Efficient Neural Differentiation of CD34-Positive Hair-Follicle-Associated Pluripotent Stem Cells Induced by Retinoic Acid and Serum-Free Medium. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1453:161-172. [PMID: 27431256 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3786-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Neural differentiation of hair-follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells residing in the bulge area is a promising autologous source for stem cell therapy. In the present chapter, we describe the identification and enrichment of CD34(+) HAP stem cells by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS), and induce them to differentiate into neuronal and glial cells using defined neural-induction media. The different neural cell populations arising during in vitro differentiation from HAP stem cells are characterized by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sagha
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Nowruz Najafzadeh
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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25
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Cao W, Li L, Tran B, Kajiura S, Amoh Y, Liu F, Hoffman RM. Extensive Hair Shaft Growth after Mouse Whisker Follicle Isolation, Cryopreservation and Transplantation in Nude Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145997. [PMID: 26716690 PMCID: PMC4696652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that whole hair follicles could be cryopreserved to maintain their stem-cells differentation potential. In the present study, we demonstrated that cryopreserved mouse whisker hair follicles maintain their hair growth potential. DMSO better cryopreserved mouse whisker follicles compared to glycerol. Cryopreserved hair follicles also maintained the hair follicle-associated-pluripotent (HAP) stem cells, evidenced by P75NTR expression. Subcutaneous transplantation of DMSO-cryopreserved hair follicles in nude mice resulted in extensive hair fiber growth over 8 weeks, indicating the functional recovery of hair shaft growth of cryopreserved hair follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenluo Cao
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, 92111, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lingna Li
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, 92111, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Tran
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, 92111, United States of America
| | - Satoshi Kajiura
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, 92111, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University, Sagimahara, 228–8555, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Amoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University, Sagimahara, 228–8555, Japan
- * E-mail: (RMH); (FL); (YA)
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- * E-mail: (RMH); (FL); (YA)
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, 92111, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RMH); (FL); (YA)
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26
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Sugai K, Nishimura S, Kato-Negishi M, Onoe H, Iwanaga S, Toyama Y, Matsumoto M, Takeuchi S, Okano H, Nakamura M. Neural stem/progenitor cell-laden microfibers promote transplant survival in a mouse transected spinal cord injury model. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1826-38. [PMID: 26301451 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) into the lesioned spinal cord can promote functional recovery following incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) in animal models. However, this strategy is insufficient following complete SCI because of the gap at the lesion epicenter. To obtain functional recovery in a mouse model of complete SCI, this study uses a novel collagen-based microfiber as a scaffold for engrafted NS/PCs. We hypothesized that the NS/PC-microfiber combination would facilitate lesion closure as well as transplant survival in the transected spinal cord. NS/PCs were seeded inside the novel microfibers, where they maintained their capacity to differentiate and proliferate. After transplantation, the stumps of the transected spinal cord were successfully bridged by the NS/PC-laden microfibers. Moreover, the transplanted cells migrated into the host spinal cord and differentiated into three neural lineages (astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes). However, the NS/PC-laden scaffold could not achieve a neural connection between the rostral end of the injury and the intact caudal area of the spinal cord, nor could it achieve recovery of motor function. To obtain optimal functional recovery, a microfiber design with a modified composition may be useful. Furthermore, combinatorial therapy with rehabilitation and/or medications should also be considered for practical success of biomaterial/cell transplantation-based approaches to regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Sugai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soraya Nishimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Kato-Negishi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan.,Takeuchi Biohybrid Innovation Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Onoe
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan.,Takeuchi Biohybrid Innovation Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaroh Iwanaga
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan.,Takeuchi Biohybrid Innovation Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Toyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Takeuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan.,Takeuchi Biohybrid Innovation Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Cao W, Li L, Mii S, Amoh Y, Liu F, Hoffman RM. Long-Term Extensive Ectopic Hair Growth on the Spinal Cord of Mice from Transplanted Whisker Follicles. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133475. [PMID: 26244638 PMCID: PMC4526646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that hair follicles contain nestin-expressing pluripotent stem cells that can effect nerve and spinal cord repair upon transplantation. In the present study, isolated whisker follicles from nestin-driven green fluorescent protein (ND-GFP) mice were histocultured on Gelfoam for 3 weeks for the purpose of transplantation to the spinal cord to heal an induced injury. The hair shaft was cut off from Gelfoam-histocultured whisker follicles, and the remaining part of the whisker follicles containing GFP-nestin expressing pluripotent stem cells were transplanted into the injured spinal cord of nude mice, along with the Gelfoam. After 90 days, the mice were sacrificed and the spinal cord lesion was observed to have healed. ND-GFP expression was intense at the healed area of the spinal cord, as observed by fluorescence microscopy, demonstrating that the hair follicle stem cells were involved in healing the spinal cord. Unexpectedly, the transplanted whisker follicles sprouted out remarkably long hair shafts in the spinal cord during the 90 days after transplantation of Gelfoam whisker histocultures to the injured spine. The pigmented hair fibers, grown from the transplanted whisker histocultures, curved and enclosed the spinal cord. The unanticipated results demonstrate the great potential of hair growth after transplantation of Gelfoam hair follicle histocultures, even at an ectopic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenluo Cao
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingna Li
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Sumiyuki Mii
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University, Sagimahara, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Amoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University, Sagimahara, Japan
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (RH); (FL)
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (RH); (FL)
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28
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Yashiro M, Mii S, Aki R, Hamada Y, Arakawa N, Kawahara K, Hoffman RM, Amoh Y. From hair to heart: nestin-expressing hair-follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells differentiate to beating cardiac muscle cells. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:2362-6. [PMID: 25970547 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1042633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the neural stem-cell marker nestin is expressed in hair follicle stem cells located in the bulge area which are termed hair-follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells. HAP stem cells from mouse and human could form spheres in culture, termed hair spheres, which are keratin 15-negative and CD34-positive and could differentiate to neurons, glia, keratinocytes, smooth muscle cells, and melanocytes in vitro. Subsequently, we demonstrated that nestin-expressing stem cells could effect nerve and spinal cord regeneration in mouse models. In the present study, we demonstrated that HAP stem cells differentiated to beating cardiac muscle cells. We separated the mouse vibrissa hair follicle into 3 parts (upper, middle, and lower), and suspended each part separately in DMEM containing 10% FBS. All three parts of hair follicle differentiated to beating cardiac muscle cells as well as neurons, glial cells, keratinocytes and smooth muscle cells. The differentiation potential to cardiac muscle is greatest in the upper part of the follicle. The beat rate of the cardiac muscle cells was stimulated by isoproterenol and inhibited by propanolol. HAP stem cells have potential for regenerative medicine for heart disease as well as nerve and spinal cord repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masateru Yashiro
- a Department of Dermatology ; Kitasato University School of Medicine ; Sagamihara , Japan
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29
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Kajiura S, Mii S, Aki R, Hamada Y, Arakawa N, Kawahara K, Li L, Katsuoka K, Hoffman RM, Amoh Y. Cryopreservation of the Hair Follicle Maintains Pluripotency of Nestin-Expressing Hair Follicle-Associated Pluripotent Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:825-31. [PMID: 25743086 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles contain nestin-expressing pluripotent stem cells, the origin of which is above the bulge area, below the sebaceous gland. We have termed these cells hair follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells. In the present study, we established efficient cryopreservation methods of the hair follicle that maintained the pluripotency of HAP stem cells. We cryopreserved the whole hair follicle from green fluorescent protein transgenic mice by slow-rate cooling in TC-Protector medium and storage in liquid nitrogen. After thawing, the upper part of the hair follicle was isolated and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) with fetal bovine serum (FBS). After 4 weeks of culture, cells from the upper part of the hair follicle grew out. The growing cells were transferred to DMEM/F12 without FBS. After 1 week of culture, the growing cells formed hair spheres, each containing ∼1×10(2) HAP stem cells. The hair spheres contained cells that differentiated to neurons, glial cells, and other cell types. The thawed and cultured upper part of the hair follicle produced almost as many pluripotent hair spheres as fresh follicles. The hair spheres derived from slow-cooling cryopreserved hair follicles were as pluripotent as hair spheres from fresh hair follicles. In contrast, rapid-cooling (vitrification) cryopreservation poorly preserved the pluripotency of the hair follicle stem cells. Stem cell marker genes (nestin, Sox2, and SSEA-1) were as highly expressed in slow-rate cooled cryopreserved follicles, after thawing, as in fresh follicles. However, in the vitrification cryopreserved follicles, the expression of the stem cell marker genes was greatly reduced. Direct cryopreservation of hair spheres by either the rapid-cooling, or slow-cooling method, resulted in loss of pluripotency. These results suggest that the slow-rate cooling cryopreservation of the whole hair follicle is effective to store HAP stem cells. Stored HAP stem cells would be very useful in personalized regenerative medicine, enabling any individual to maintain a bank of pluripotent stem cells for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kajiura
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Mii
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Aki
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yuko Hamada
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Nobuko Arakawa
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Kawahara
- 2 Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Lingna Li
- 3 AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego, California
| | - Kensei Katsuoka
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- 3 AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego, California.,4 Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Yasuyuki Amoh
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Sagamihara, Japan
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