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Han Y, Sun Q, Chen W, Gao Y, Ye J, Chen Y, Wang T, Gao L, Liu Y, Yang Y. New advances of adiponectin in regulating obesity and related metabolic syndromes. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100913. [PMID: 38799237 PMCID: PMC11127227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic syndromes have been recognized as important disease risks, in which the role of adipokines cannot be ignored. Adiponectin (ADP) is one of the key adipokines with various beneficial effects, including improving glucose and lipid metabolism, enhancing insulin sensitivity, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, promoting ceramides degradation, and stimulating adipose tissue vascularity. Based on those, it can serve as a positive regulator in many metabolic syndromes, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), sarcopenia, neurodegenerative diseases, and certain cancers. Therefore, a promising therapeutic approach for treating various metabolic diseases may involve elevating ADP levels or activating ADP receptors. The modulation of ADP genes, multimerization, and secretion covers the main processes of ADP generation, providing a comprehensive orientation for the development of more appropriate therapeutic strategies. In order to have a deeper understanding of ADP, this paper will provide an all-encompassing review of ADP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qianwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lili Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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Jeng KS, Chang CF, Tsang YM, Sheen IS, Jeng CJ. Reappraisal of the Roles of the Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1739. [PMID: 38730691 PMCID: PMC11083695 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
HCC remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death globally. The main challenges in treatments of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) primarily arise from high rates of postoperative recurrence and the limited efficacy in treating advanced-stage patients. Various signaling pathways involved in HCC have been reported. Among them, the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is crucial. The presence of SHH ligands is identified in approximately 60% of HCC tumor tissues, including tumor nests. PTCH-1 and GLI-1 are detected in more than half of HCC tissues, while GLI-2 is found in over 84% of HCC tissues. The SHH signaling pathway (including canonical and non-canonical) is involved in different aspects of HCC, including hepatocarcinogenesis, tumor growth, tumor invasiveness, progression, and migration. The SHH signaling pathway also contributes to recurrence, metastasis, modulation of the cancer microenvironment, and sustaining cancer stem cells. It also affects the resistance of HCC cells to chemotherapy, target therapy, and radiotherapy. Reappraisal of the roles of the SHH signaling pathway in HCC may trigger some novel therapies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Shyang Jeng
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Fang Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan;
| | - Yuk-Ming Tsang
- Department of Imaging Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan;
| | - I-Shyan Sheen
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Linkou Chang Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Juei Jeng
- Graduate Institude of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan;
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Vachliotis ID, Valsamidis I, Polyzos SA. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Adiponectin in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5306. [PMID: 37958479 PMCID: PMC10650629 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), whose prevalence is rising. Although the mechanisms of progression from NAFLD to HCC are not fully elucidated, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and adiponectin, as well as their interplay, which seems to be antagonistic, may contribute to the pathophysiology of NAFLD-associated HCC. TNF-α initially aims to protect against hepatocarcinogenesis, but during the progression of NAFLD, TNF-α is increased, thus probably inducing hepatocarcinogenesis in the long-term, when NAFLD is not resolved. On the other hand, adiponectin, which is expected to exert anti-tumorigenic effects, is decreased during the progression of the disease, a trend that may favor hepatocarcinogenesis, but is paradoxically increased at end stage disease, i.e., cirrhosis and HCC. These observations render TNF-α and adiponectin as potentially diagnostic biomarkers and appealing therapeutic targets in the setting of NAFLD-associated HCC, possibly in combination with systematic therapy. In this regard, combination strategy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with anti-TNF biologics and/or adiponectin analogs or medications that increase endogenous adiponectin, may warrant investigation against NAFLD-associated HCC. This review aims to summarize evidence on the association between TNF-α and adiponectin with NAFLD-associated HCC, based on experimental and clinical studies, and to discuss relevant potential therapeutic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias D. Vachliotis
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Department of Gastroenterology, 424 General Military Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Valsamidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, 424 General Military Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Stergios A. Polyzos
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Vachher M, Bansal S, Kumar B, Yadav S, Arora T, Wali NM, Burman A. Contribution of organokines in the development of NAFLD/NASH associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1553-1584. [PMID: 35818831 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Globally the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is on an upsurge. Evidence is accumulating that liver disorders like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more progressive form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are associated with increased risk of developing HCC. NAFLD has a prevalence of about 25% and 50%-90% in obese population. With the growing burden of obesity epidemic worldwide, HCC presents a major healthcare burden. While cirrhosis is one of the major risk factors of HCC, available literature suggests that NAFLD/NASH associated HCC also develops in minimum or noncirrhotic livers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis and risk factors associated with NAFLD and NASH related HCC that would help in early diagnosis and favorable prognosis of HCC secondary to NAFLD. Adipokines, hepatokines and myokines are factors secreted by adipocytes, hepatocytes and myocytes, respectively, playing essential roles in cellular homeostasis, energy balance and metabolism with autocrine, paracrine and endocrine effects. In this review, we endeavor to focus on the role of these organokines in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and its progression to HCC to augment the understanding of the factors stimulating hepatocytes to acquire a malignant phenotype. This shall aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies and tools for early diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Vachher
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Savita Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Bhupender Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Taruna Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nalini Moza Wali
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Archana Burman
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Cho Y, Cho EJ, Yoo JJ, Chang Y, Chung GE, Choi IY, Park SH, Han K, Kim YJ, Yoon JH, Shin DW, Yu SJ. The Importance of Metabolic Syndrome Status for the Risk of Non-Viral Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:863352. [PMID: 35600376 PMCID: PMC9116136 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.863352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The positive association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been suggested. However, no studies have yet looked at how the risk of developing HCC varies with changes in MetS status. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between changes in MetS and subsequent HCC development. Data were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. In this study, 5,975,308 individuals who participated in health screenings both in 2009-2010 and 2011-2012 were included. Individuals with preexisting viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or cancer diagnoses were excluded. Subjects were divided into four groups according to change in MetS status during the 2-year interval screening (from 2009 to 2011): sustained non-MetS, transition to MetS, transition to non-MetS, and sustained MetS. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the hazard ratios of HCC. The subjects were followed through December 31, 2018. During a median of 7.3 years of follow-up, 25,880 incident HCCs were identified. Compared to the sustained non-MetS group, age, sex, smoking, alcohol, regular exercise, and body mass index-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for HCC development were 1.01 (0.97-1.05) for the transition to MetS group, 1.05 (1.003-1.09) for the transition to non-MetS group, and 1.07 (1.03-1.10) for the sustained MetS group. Stratified analyses according to age, sex, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease showed similar results. A significantly increased HCC risk was observed in the sustained MetS and transition to non-MetS groups. The baseline status of MetS was associated with the risk of HCC development. Strategies to improve MetS, especially targeting insulin resistance, might prevent HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ju Yoo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Young Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Goh Eun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Gangnam Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Young Choi
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Supportive Care Center/Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Jong Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Lam BQ, Srivastava R, Morvant J, Shankar S, Srivastava RK. Association of Diabetes Mellitus and Alcohol Abuse with Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Significance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113077. [PMID: 34831299 PMCID: PMC8620339 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), one of the metabolic diseases which is characterized by sustained hyperglycemia, is a life-threatening disease. The global prevalence of DM is on the rise, mainly in low- and middle-income countries. Diabetes is a major cause of blindness, heart attacks, kidney failure, stroke, and lower limb amputation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a form of diabetes that is characterized by high blood sugar and insulin resistance. T2DM can be prevented or delayed by a healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintaining normal body weight, and avoiding alcohol and tobacco use. Ethanol and its metabolites can cause differentiation defects in stem cells and promote inflammatory injury and carcinogenesis in several tissues. Recent studies have suggested that diabetes can be treated, and its consequences can be avoided or delayed with proper management. DM has a greater risk for several cancers, such as breast, colorectal, endometrial, pancreatic, gallbladder, renal, and liver cancer. The incidence of cancer is significantly higher in patients with DM than in those without DM. In addition to DM, alcohol abuse is also a risk factor for many cancers. We present a review of the recent studies investigating the association of both DM and alcohol abuse with cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Q. Lam
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (B.Q.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Rashmi Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Jason Morvant
- Department of Surgery, Ochsner Health System, 120 Ochsner Boulevard, Gretna, LA 70056, USA;
- A.B. Freeman School of Business, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Sharmila Shankar
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (B.Q.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (B.Q.L.); (S.S.)
- A.B. Freeman School of Business, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kim H, Lee DS, An TH, Park HJ, Kim WK, Bae KH, Oh KJ. Metabolic Spectrum of Liver Failure in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: From NAFLD to NASH to HCC. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094495. [PMID: 33925827 PMCID: PMC8123490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is the spectrum of liver damage ranging from simple steatosis called as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Clinically, NAFLD and type 2 diabetes coexist. Type 2 diabetes contributes to biological processes driving the severity of NAFLD, the primary cause for development of chronic liver diseases. In the last 20 years, the rate of non-viral NAFLD/NASH-derived HCC has been increasing rapidly. As there are currently no suitable drugs for treatment of NAFLD and NASH, a class of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is sometimes used to improve liver failure despite the risk of side effects. Therefore, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the development and progression of NAFLD and NASH are important issues. In this review, we will discuss the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and NAFLD/NASH-derived HCC and the current promising pharmacological therapies of NAFLD/NASH. Further, we will provide insights into "adipose-derived adipokines" and "liver-derived hepatokines" as diagnostic and therapeutic targets from NAFLD to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunmi Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Da Som Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
| | - Tae Hyeon An
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Park
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.B.); (K.-J.O.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4268 (K.-H.B.); +82-42-879-8265 (K.-J.O.)
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.B.); (K.-J.O.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4268 (K.-H.B.); +82-42-879-8265 (K.-J.O.)
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Kucukoglu O, Sowa JP, Mazzolini GD, Syn WK, Canbay A. Hepatokines and adipokines in NASH-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2021; 74:442-457. [PMID: 33161047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in industrialised societies; this is likely secondary to the increasing burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), its progressive form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and the metabolic syndrome. Cumulative studies suggest that NAFLD-related HCC may also develop in non-cirrhotic livers. However, prognosis and survival do not differ between NAFLD- or virus-associated HCC. Thus, research has increasingly focused on NAFLD-related risk factors to better understand the biology of hepatocarcinogenesis and to develop new diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies. One important aspect thereof is the role of hepatokines and adipokines in NAFLD/NASH-related HCC. In this review, we compile current data supporting the use of hepatokines and adipokines as potential markers of disease progression in NAFLD or as early markers of NAFLD-related HCC. While much work must be done to elucidate the mechanisms and interactions underlying alterations to hepatokines and adipokines, current data support the possible utility of these factors - in particular, angiopoietin-like proteins, fibroblast growth factors, and apelin - for detection or even as therapeutic targets in NAFLD-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Kucukoglu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Sowa
- Department of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Guillermo Daniel Mazzolini
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires 999071, Argentina; Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Argentina
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany.
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9
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Zhang L, Yuan Q, Li M, Chai D, Deng W, Wang W. The association of leptin and adiponectin with hepatocellular carcinoma risk and prognosis: a combination of traditional, survival, and dose-response meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1167. [PMID: 33256658 PMCID: PMC7708253 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing number of studies have focused on the association between leptin, adiponectin levels and the risk as well as the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the reported results are conflicting. Methods A meta-analysis was performed to assess the correlation between leptin, adiponectin levels and risk and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (CRD42020195882). Through June 14, 2020, PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases were searched, including references of qualifying articles. Titles, abstracts, and main texts were reviewed by at least 2 independent readers. Stata 16.0 was used to calculate statistical data. Results Thirty studies were included in this meta-analysis and results showed that hepatocellular carcinoma group had significantly higher leptin levels than the cancer-free control group (SMD = 1.83, 95% CI (1.09, 2.58), P = 0.000), the healthy control group (SMD = 4.32, 95% CI (2.41, 6.24), P = 0.000) and the cirrhosis group (SMD = 1.85, 95% CI (0.70, 3.01), P = 0.002). Hepatocellular carcinoma group had significantly higher adiponectin levels than the healthy control group (SMD = 1.57, 95% CI (0.37, 2.76), P = 0.010), but no statistical difference compared with the cancer-free control group (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI (− 0.35, 0.82), P = 0.430) and the cirrhosis group (SMD = − 0.51, 95% CI (− 1.30, 0.29), P = 0.213). The leptin rs7799039 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (G vs A: OR = 1.28, 95% CI (1.10, 1.48), P = 0.002). There were linear relationships between adiponectin levels and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (OR = 1.066, 95% CI (1.03, 1.11), P = 0.001). In addition, the results showed that high/positive expression of adiponectin was significantly related to lower overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients (HR = 1.70, 95% CI (1.22, 2.37), P = 0.002); however, there was no significantly association between the leptin levels and overall survival (HR = 0.92, 95% CI (0.53, 1.59), P = 0.766). Conclusion The study shows that high leptin levels were associated with a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Adiponectin levels were proportional to hepatocellular carcinoma risk, and were related to the poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Qihang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Dongqi Chai
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Wenhong Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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10
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Data on Adiponectin from 2010 to 2020: Therapeutic Target and Prognostic Factor for Liver Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155242. [PMID: 32718097 PMCID: PMC7432057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The review describes the role of adiponectin in liver diseases in the presence and absence of surgery reported in the literature in the last ten years. The most updated therapeutic strategies based on the regulation of adiponectin including pharmacological and surgical interventions and adiponectin knockout rodents, as well as some of the scientific controversies in this field, are described. Whether adiponectin could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of liver diseases and patients submitted to hepatic resection or liver transplantation are discussed. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical data on the mechanism of action of adiponectin in different liver diseases (nonalcoholic fatty disease, alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) in the absence or presence of surgery are evaluated in order to establish potential targets that might be useful for the treatment of liver disease as well as in the practice of liver surgery associated with the hepatic resections of tumors and liver transplantation.
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11
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Tripathy A, Thakurela S, Sahu MK, Uthansingh K, Singh A, Narayan J, Ajay AK, Singh V, Kumari R. Fatty changes associated with N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) induced hepatocellular carcinoma: a role of sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Genes Cancer 2020; 11:66-82. [PMID: 32577158 PMCID: PMC7289904 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds and Aims: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality across the world. Non-viral etiological factors including obesity and metabolic syndrome have now become prevalent cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway is activated in hepatocellular carcinoma but its role in regulation of lipogenic molecules during the hepatocarcinogenesis is not known. The aim of present study is to explore the role of SHH pathway in fatty changes associated with hepatocarcinogenesis at different stages and to further correlate the expression of SHH with lipogenic pathways. Results: Our results demonstrated significant increase in lipidosis and fibrosis in DEN+CCl4 treated animals. It was simultaneously associated with the enhanced expression level of SHH, E2F1, adiponectin, and lipogenic molecules in DEN+CCl4 treated animals. These results were also corroborated with the similar findings in higher stage patients’ biospecimens. Methods: N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) and Carbon TetraChloride (CCl4) induced hepatocellular acrcinoma model in male Wistar rats were established to study the expression level of SHH pathway and associated fatty changes during different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. The expression levels of SHH, E2F1, and lipogenic molecules were checked at different stages of hepatocellular carcinoma. These results were further compared with biospecimens of hepatocellular carcinoma patients of different stages. Conclusions: Our results revealed an unknown aspect of SHH pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis via its control over lipogenesis. It gives insight into the lipogenic properties of DEN+CCl4 induced rodent hepatocarcinogenesis model and how SHH pathway operate to arbitrate this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Tripathy
- Disease Biology Laboratory, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sudhir Thakurela
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Sahu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kanishka Uthansingh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ayaskanta Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jimmy Narayan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Vinay Singh
- Disease Biology Laboratory, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ratna Kumari
- Disease Biology Laboratory, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
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12
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Lee CH, Lui DTW, Cheung CYY, Fong CHY, Yuen MMA, Chow WS, Woo YC, Xu A, Lam KSL. Higher Circulating Adiponectin Concentrations Predict Incident Cancer in Type 2 Diabetes - The Adiponectin Paradox. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5740218. [PMID: 32072163 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the beneficial cardiometabolic effects of adiponectin demonstrated in preclinical studies, paradoxically higher circulating adiponectin concentrations have been found in epidemiological studies to be associated with incident cardiovascular events, renal outcomes, and mortality in patients with diabetes. On the other hand, diabetes is also associated with an increased risk of cancer. Here, we investigated prospectively the association between circulating adiponectin concentrations and incident cancer using a cohort of exclusively individuals with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Baseline serum adiponectin concentrations were measured in 5658 participants recruited from the Hong Kong West Diabetes Registry. The associations of circulating adiponectin concentrations with incident cancer and cancer-related deaths were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression analysis, with hazard ratio (HR) for adiponectin referring to the respective risk per doubling of serum adiponectin concentration. RESULTS Over a median-follow up of 6.5 years, 7.53% and 3% of participants developed cancer and had cancer-related deaths, respectively. Serum adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher in those who had incident cancer (9.8 μg/mL vs 9.1 μg/mL, P < 0.001) and cancer-related deaths (11.5 μg/mL vs 9.3 μg/mL, P < 0.001) compared with those without. Moreover, in multivariable analyses, serum adiponectin concentration was independently associated with both incident cancer (hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.35; P = 0.006) and cancer-related deaths (hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.47; P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Higher serum adiponectin concentration was independently associated with incident cancer and cancer-related deaths in type 2 diabetes, indicating that adiponectin paradox can be observed in another major diabetic complication in addition to cardiovascular and kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - David T W Lui
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Carol H Y Fong
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Wing Sun Chow
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yu Cho Woo
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Karen S L Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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13
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El-Daly UM, Saber MM, Abdellateif MS, Nassar HR, Namour AE, Ismail YM, Zekri ARN. The Possible Role of Adipokines in HCV Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:599-609. [PMID: 32212784 PMCID: PMC7437316 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.3.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adipokines play an important role in the regulation of inflammation and tumor progression. Aim: Assessment of the possible role of adiponectin, leptin and visfatin in HCV associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: patients were classified into 85 patients with HCV associated HCC, 100 patients with chronic hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection compared to 50 normal control (NC) subjects. All subjects included in the study were assessed for HCV infection by seropositive HCV antibodies, as well as HCV RNA by RT-PCR. Serum levels of adiponectin, leptin and visfatin were assessed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were correlated to the relevant clinic-pathological features of the patients, and the overall survival (OS) rate. Results: There was a significant difference in the serum levels of adiponectin and visfatin among HCC, HCV and NC groups (P<0.001). The serum levels of leptin and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) were significantly higher in HCC group (P<0.001). There was a significant association between the serum level of adiponectin and advanced Child class liver cirrhosis (P=0.03), as well as with poor performance status (ECOG, P=0.02). Serum leptin associated significantly with the number of lesions in the liver (P=0.006), visfatin associated with increased mortality rate (P<0.001). Adiponectin, leptin and visfatin associated significantly with liver cirrhosis in HCV patients (P<0.01). Leptin achieved the highest sensitivity (98.8%). visfatin achieved the highest specificity (100%) and PPV (100%) for detection of HCC. The combination of serum leptin and visfatin for the diagnosis of HCV associated HCC showed sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy (100%, 96.6%, 93.4%, 100% and 97.4%; respectively). Conclusion: Adiponectin, leptin and visfatin have an important role(s) in the pathogenesis of HCV associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama M El-Daly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Damietta Oncology Center, Damietta,, Egypt
| | - Magdy M Saber
- Department of Medical Oncology and Malignant Hematology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona S Abdellateif
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan R Nassar
- Department of Medical Oncology and Malignant Hematology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alfred E Namour
- Department of Medical Oncology and Malignant Hematology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yahia M Ismail
- Department of Medical Oncology and Malignant Hematology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Rhaman N Zekri
- Molecular Virology and Immunology Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Impact of Sarcopenic Obesity on Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Ann Surg 2019; 269:924-931. [DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Jiang J, Fan Y, Zhang W, Shen Y, Liu T, Yao M, Gu J, Tu H, Gan Y. Adiponectin Suppresses Human Pancreatic Cancer Growth through Attenuating the β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:253-264. [PMID: 30745818 PMCID: PMC6367542 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.27420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are emerging as a link between obesity and obesity-related cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Adiponectin is an abundant adipokine with pleiotropic beneficial roles in metabolic disorders. Low adiponectin levels are commonly observed in human obesity and have been associated with increased pancreatic cancer risk in prospective epidemiologic studies. Here, we investigated the direct effect of adiponectin on human pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that adiponectin treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cells. Knockdown of adiponectin receptors completely eliminated the antiproliferation effect of adiponectin and markedly promoted the growth of human pancreatic cancer xenografts in nude mice. Further analysis revealed that adiponectin blocked the phosphorylation/inactivation of GSK-3β, suppressed the intracellular accumulation of β-catenin, reduced the expression of cyclin D1, and consequently caused cell cycle accumulation at the G0-G1 phase in pancreatic cancer cells. Adiponectin-mediated attenuation of cell proliferation was abrogated by the GSK-3β inhibitor. In addition, a microarray analysis revealed that adiponectin also downregulated the expression of TCF7L2, a coactivator of β-catenin, at the transcriptional level in pancreatic cancer cells. These results indicated that the protective role of adiponectin against human pancreatic cancer might be attributed to its attenuating effect on the β-catenin signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings support a causal link between hypoadiponectinemia and increased pancreatic cancer risk, and suggest that activating adiponectin signaling could be a novel therapeutic strategy for obesity-related pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln. 2200 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingchao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln. 2200 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln. 2200 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln. 2200 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln. 2200 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln. 2200 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianren Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln. 2200 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln. 2200 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln. 2200 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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16
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Stine JG, Wang J, Cornella SL, Behm BW, Henry Z, Shah NL, Caldwell SH, Northup PG. Treatment of Type-1 Hepatorenal Syndrome with Pentoxifylline: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial. Ann Hepatol 2018; 17:300-306. [PMID: 29469046 PMCID: PMC7485043 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.8660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type-1 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS-1) portends a poor prognosis in patients with cirrhosis. Currently available medical therapies are largely ineffective, save for liver transplantation. We aimed to determine if pentoxifylline (PTX) therapy in addition to the standard of care of volume expansion with albumin and vasoconstriction with midodrine and octreotide (AMO) is safe and efficacious compared to AMO in HRS-1 treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Hospitalized subjects with decompensated cirrhosis and HRS-1 were enrolled. PTX or placebo was administered with AMO therapy for up to 14 days. The primary endpoint was HRS-1 resolution (serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 g/dL for > 24 h). Secondary endpoints were change in creatinine and MELD score, partial treatment response, 30-and 180-day overall and transplant free survival. RESULTS Twelve subjects with mean age 58.9 ± 6.2 years were enrolled and randomized. Mean MELD score was 26.5 ± 7.4 and 58.3% were male. Overall cohort 30- and 180-day survival was 58.3% and 33.3% respectively. Two subjects underwent liver transplantation. HRS-1 resolution (16.7% vs. 16.7%, p = 1.000), partial treatment response (33.3% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.505), change in creatinine (+0.48 g/dL, 95% CI -0.49-1.46 vs. +0.03 g/dL, 95% CI -0.64- 0.70, p = 0.427), 30-day survival (66.6% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.558) and 180-day survival (50.0% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.221) were similar between the two groups. Serious adverse events necessitating treatment discontinuation were rare (n = 1, PTX). DISCUSSION The addition of PTX to AMO in the treatment of HRS-1 is safe when compared to the current standard of care. Future large-scale prospective study to validate the efficacy of this treatment seems warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G. Stine
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Scott L. Cornella
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Brian W. Behm
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Zachary Henry
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Neeral L. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Stephen H. Caldwell
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Patrick G. Northup
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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17
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Current Advances in Pharmacotherapy and Technology for Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:1694187. [PMID: 29576875 PMCID: PMC5822768 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1694187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is classically defined by its vascular lesions and damage in the neurons of the retina. The cellular and clinical elements of DR have many features of chronic inflammation. Understanding the individual cell-specific inflammatory changes in the retina may lead to novel therapeutic approaches to prevent vision loss. The systematic use of available pharmacotherapy has been reported as a useful adjunct tool to laser photocoagulation, a gold standard therapy for DR. Direct injections or intravitreal anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenesis agents are widely used pharmacotherapy to effectively treat DR and diabetic macular edema (DME). However, their effectiveness is short term, and the delivery system is often associated with adverse effects, such as cataract and increased intraocular pressure. Further, systemic agents (particularly hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antihypertensive agents) and plants-based drugs have also provided promising treatment in the progression of DR. Recently, advancements in pluripotent stem cells technology enable restoration of retinal functionalities after transplantation of these cells into animals with retinal degeneration. This review paper summarizes the developments in the current and potential pharmacotherapy and therapeutic technology of DR. Literature search was done on online databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, clinitrials.gov, and browsing through individual ophthalmology journals and leading pharmaceutical company websites.
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18
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Chang ML, Kuo CJ, Pao LH, Hsu CM, Chiu CT. The evolving relationship between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in hepatitis C patients during viral clearance. Virulence 2017; 8:1255-1264. [PMID: 28267407 PMCID: PMC5711434 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1300734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evolution of the relationship between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients during viral clearance is unclear and warrants investigation. METHODS A prospective study including 747 consecutive chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients, of whom 546 had completed a course of anti-HCV therapy and underwent pre-, peri- and post-therapy surveys for anthropomorphic, viral, metabolic and hepatic profiles and adiponectin levels, was conducted in a tertiary care center. RESULTS Multivariate analyses indicated associations of sex, triglyceride levels and hepatic steatosis with adiponectin levels and of triglyceride levels and interferon λ3 (IFNL3) genotype with homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels before anti-HCV therapy. In patients with a sustained virological response (SVR; n = 455), at 24 weeks post-therapy, sex, BMI, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), HOMA-IR and steatosis were associated with adiponectin levels, and IFNL3 genotype was associated with HOMA-IR levels. GEE analysis demonstrated that SVR affected longitudinal trends in adiponectin levels. Compared with pre-therapy levels, adiponectin and APRI levels decreased 24 weeks post-therapy in SVR patients, regardless of baseline insulin resistance (IR). However, HOMA-IR levels decreased in SVR patients with baseline IR but increased in those without baseline IR. Compared with controls, immunohistochemical studies showed that pre-therapy CHC patients had higher hepatic adiponectin expression associated with hepatic fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS During HCV infection, adiponectin may affect insulin sensitivity through triglycerides. After viral clearance, adiponectin levels were directly associated with insulin sensitivity and decreased upon improved hepatic fibrosis; with a link to the IFNL3 genotype, insulin sensitivity improved only in patients with baseline IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ling Chang
- Liver Research Center, Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Kuo
- Liver Research Center, Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Heng Pao
- Graduate Institute of Health-Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ming Hsu
- Liver Research Center, Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tang Chiu
- Liver Research Center, Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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19
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McMenamin ÚC, McCain S, Kunzmann AT. Do smoking and alcohol behaviours influence GI cancer survival? Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 31:569-577. [PMID: 29195677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the role of alcohol and smoking in GI cancer survival compared to GI cancer development. We systematically reviewed the evidence for a role of smoking and alcohol in prognosis among GI cancer patients and inform whether smoking or alcohol cessation interventions or guidelines for GI cancer patients are likely to improve prognosis. A total of 84 relevant studies were identified. Continued smokers, particularly heavy smokers, had worse prognosis than never smokers in most GI cancers. However, more evidence is needed to establish the likely impact of smoking cessation interventions amongst GI cancer patients. Heavy alcohol drinkers had worse prognosis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Light alcohol consumption was not associated with worse prognosis from any GI cancer, though further studies are needed. UK guidelines for the general population recommending under 14 units (∼7 drinks) per week may be sufficient for GI cancer patients, until further evidence is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Úna C McMenamin
- Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Block B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, BT12 6BA, United Kingdom.
| | - Stephen McCain
- Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Block B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, BT12 6BA, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew T Kunzmann
- Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Block B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, BT12 6BA, United Kingdom.
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20
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Adipokines and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Multiple Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081649. [PMID: 28758929 PMCID: PMC5578039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence links obesity with low-grade inflammation which may originate from adipose tissue that secretes a plethora of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines termed adipokines. Adiponectin and leptin have evolved as crucial signals in many obesity-related pathologies including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Whereas adiponectin deficiency might be critically involved in the pro-inflammatory state associated with obesity and related disorders, overproduction of leptin, a rather pro-inflammatory mediator, is considered of equal relevance. An imbalanced adipokine profile in obesity consecutively contributes to metabolic inflammation in NAFLD, which is associated with a substantial risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) also in the non-cirrhotic stage of disease. Both adiponectin and leptin have been related to liver tumorigenesis especially in preclinical models. This review covers recent advances in our understanding of some adipokines in NAFLD and associated HCC.
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Yeh CC, Goyal A, Shen J, Wu HC, Strauss JA, Wang Q, Gurvich I, Safyan RA, Manji GA, Gamble MV, Siegel AB, Santella RM. Global Level of Plasma DNA Methylation is Associated with Overall Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 24:3788-3795. [PMID: 28593503 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-5913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of folate deficiency on global DNA methylation is uncertain. It also is unclear whether global DNA methylation is associated with outcome in HCC. LINE-1 methylation levels, as a surrogate marker of global methylation, may be influenced by folate deficiency. However, the interaction between LINE-1 methylation and folate level on overall survival (OS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is unknown. We evaluated whether LINE-1 hypomethylation and folate deficiency are associated with HCC prognosis. METHODS We prospectively recruited 172 HCC patients between 2008 and 2012. LINE-1 methylation levels in plasma and white blood cells (WBC) were measured by pyrosequencing, and plasma folate levels by a radioprotein-binding assay. RESULTS Patients with plasma LINE-1 methylation <70.0% (hypomethylation) had significantly worse OS compared with those with ≥70.0% methylation (hypermethylation) [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-2.79; P = 0.015]. HCC patients with lower plasma folate levels also had worse survival (<27.7 vs. ≥27.7 nmol/L; HR = 1.96; 95% CI, 1.24-3.09; P = 0.004). Furthermore, survival was poor in patients in whom both plasma LINE-1 methylation and folate levels were low compared with those patients in whom both levels were high (HR = 3.36; 95%CI, 1.77-6.40; P < 0.001). This interaction neared statistical significance (P = 0.057). No significant association was found between WBC LINE-1 methylation levels and survival. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that both lower plasma levels of LINE-1 methylation and folate are associated with worse survival in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ching Yeh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Abhishek Goyal
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Internal Medicine Resident at Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hui-Chen Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua A Strauss
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Advanced Care Oncology and Hematology Associates, Springfield, NJ, USA
| | - Qiao Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina Gurvich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachael A Safyan
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Internal Medicine Resident at Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Gulam A Manji
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Internal Medicine Resident at Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Mary V Gamble
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abby B Siegel
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Merck & Co, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Regina M Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Shen J, Yeh CC, Wang Q, Gurvich I, Siegel AB, Santella RM. Plasma Adiponectin and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Survival Among Patients Without Liver Transplantation. Anticancer Res 2017; 36:5307-5314. [PMID: 27798893 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.11103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the levels of leptin and adiponectin in prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) survival among patients without liver transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured pretreatment plasma leptin and adiponectin in 172 HCC cases who were prospectively followed-up over 7 years. RESULTS Gender, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, high body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus (DM) history and Child-Pugh (CP) class were associated with leptin and adiponectin levels, while α-fetoprotein (AFP) and presence of metastasis, being outside the Milan criteria and Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) stage, were significantly associated with liver transplantation and HCC survival. No significant association was observed for leptin or adiponectin and HCC survival in the overall group. In subgroup analyses among those without liver transplantation, we found significant associations between metastasis, Milan criteria, BCLC stage, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HCC survival. When separately determining the Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier survival curves by liver transplantation status, higher adiponectin was significantly associated with an increased hazard ratio (HR) of death of 1.72 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.12-2.64), i.e. poor survival among patients without liver transplantation. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, including adiponectin, CP class, presence of metastasis, tumor outside of Milan criteria, AFP and BCLC stage B/C parameters, also showed significant association with poor HCC survival (likelihood ratio test p<0.0001). No significant impact was observed for leptin on HCC survival regardless of liver transplantation status. CONCLUSION Higher levels of plasma adiponectin may predict poor HCC survival among patients without liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shen
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A. .,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Chih-Ching Yeh
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A.,School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Qiao Wang
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Irina Gurvich
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Abby B Siegel
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A.,Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Regina M Santella
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A
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Wang Z, Li Z, Ye Y, Xie L, Li W. Oxidative Stress and Liver Cancer: Etiology and Therapeutic Targets. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7891574. [PMID: 27957239 PMCID: PMC5121466 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7891574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated that oxidative stress (OS) is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Normally, OS occurs when the body receives any danger signal-from either an internal or external source-and further induces DNA oxidative damage and abnormal protein expression, placing the body into a state of vulnerability to the development of various diseases such as cancer. There are many factors involved in liver carcinogenesis, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, alcohol abuse, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The relationship between OS and HCC has recently been attracting increasing attention. Therefore, elucidation of the impact of OS on the development of liver carcinogenesis is very important for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer. This review focuses mainly on the relationship between OS and the development of HCC from the perspective of cellular and molecular mechanisms and the etiology and therapeutic targets of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanpeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Zhuonan Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yanshuo Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
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Abstract
Adiponectin (APN), an adipokine produced by adipocytes, has been shown to have a critical role in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated malignancies. Through its receptor interactions, APN may exert its anti-carcinogenic effects including regulating cell survival, apoptosis and metastasis via a plethora of signalling pathways. Despite the strong evidence supporting this notion, some work may indicate otherwise. Our review addresses all controversies critically. On the whole, hypoadiponectinaemia is associated with increased risk of several malignancies and poor prognosis. In addition, various genetic polymorphisms may predispose individuals to increased risk of obesity-associated malignancies. We also provide an updated summary on therapeutic interventions to increase APN levels that are of key interest in this field. To date efforts to manipulate APN levels have been promising, but much work remains to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnav Katira
- UCL Medical School, UCL Faculty of Medical Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Peng H Tan
- UCL Medical School, UCL Faculty of Medical Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Breast Unit, Whittington Health, London N19 5NF, UK
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Kobayashi A, Kaido T, Hamaguchi Y, Okumura S, Taura K, Hatano E, Okajima H, Uemoto S. Impact of postoperative changes in sarcopenic factors on outcomes after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2015; 23:57-64. [PMID: 26572789 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have reported that preoperative low skeletal muscle quality was an independent risk factor for poor outcomes after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, postoperative changes of quality as well as quantity of skeletal muscle after hepatectomy for HCC and their impact on postoperative outcomes have not been fully investigated. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 241 patients undergoing primary hepatectomy for HCC between January 2007 and September 2012. The quality and quantity of skeletal muscle were evaluated by intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC) and the psoas muscle mass index (PMI) using computed tomography imaging at the umbilical level, respectively. We evaluated postoperative changes in IMAC and PMI in patients according to preoperative sarcopenia, sex, and surgical procedure. We also investigated the impact of ΔIMAC and ΔPMI on HCC recurrence in patients with preoperative normal IMAC. RESULTS On multivariate analysis, indocyanine green retention test at 15 min ≥ 15% (odds ratio [OR] = 3.156; P = 0.041) and high ΔIMAC at 6 months after hepatectomy (OR = 3.713; P = 0.024) were the risk factors for HCC recurrence in patients with preoperative normal IMAC. CONCLUSION Postoperative depletion of skeletal muscle quality is closely involved with HCC recurrence after hepatectomy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kobayashi
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshimi Kaido
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yuhei Hamaguchi
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinya Okumura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kojiro Taura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hideaki Okajima
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku,, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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26
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Ye J, Liang Z, Liang Q, Zhang J, Mao S, Liang R. Adiponectin is associated with poor prognosis in carcinoma patients: evidence from a meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:154. [PMID: 26612049 PMCID: PMC4661958 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have come to conflicting conclusions about whether adiponectin (APN) expression is associated with cancer prognosis. To help resolve this question, we meta-analyzed the available evidence. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Chinese Biological Medical Database and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database were systematically searched to identify all eligible studies examining APN expression and prognosis for patients with any type of cancer. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) related to overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated. Results Ten studies involving 999 patients were meta-analyzed. Analysis across all patients revealed no significant association between high/positive APN expression and DFS, but they did show a significant association between high/positive APN expression and OS (HR 1.51, 95 %CI 1.21 to 1.89). Subgroup analysis showed that high/positive APN expression in non-Asians was significantly associated with both DFS (HR 1.36, 95 % CI 1.03 to 1.80) and OS (HR 1.53, 95 %CI 1.20 to 1.96), but no such associations were observed in Asians. In addition, high/positive APN expression was significantly associated with OS across all patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HR 1.89, 95 %CI 1.20 to 2.98). Conclusions The available evidence suggests that high/positive APN expression is associated with poor prognosis for patients with various carcinomas, especially for non-Asian cancer patients and for all patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. These findings should be confirmed and extended in large, well-designed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 71, Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
| | - Zhongguo Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 71, Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qian Liang
- Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 71, Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China
| | - Sufei Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 71, Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 71, Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
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Malley CO, Pidgeon GP. The mTOR pathway in obesity driven gastrointestinal cancers: Potential targets and clinical trials. BBA CLINICAL 2015; 5:29-40. [PMID: 27051587 PMCID: PMC4802403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a crucial point of convergence between growth factor signalling, metabolism, nutrient status and cellular proliferation. The mTOR pathway is heavily implicated in the progression of many cancers and is emerging as an important driver of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Due to its central role in adapting metabolism to environmental conditions, mTOR signalling is also believed to be critical in the development of obesity. Recent research has delineated that excessive nutrient intake can promote signalling through the mTOR pathway and possibly evoke changes to cellular metabolism that could accelerate obesity related cancers. Acting through its two effector complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2, mTOR dictates the transcription of genes important in glycolysis, lipogenesis, protein translation and synthesis and has recently been defined as a central mediator of the Warburg effect in cancer cells. Activation of the mTOR pathway is involved in both the pathogenesis of GI malignancies and development of resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The use of mTOR inhibitors is a promising therapeutic option in many GI malignancies, with greatest clinical efficacy seen in combination regimens. Recent research has also provided insight into crosstalk between mTOR and other pathways which could potentially expand the list of therapeutic targets in the mTOR pathway. Here we review the available strategies for targeting the mTOR pathway in GI cancers. We discuss current clinical trials of both established and novel mTOR inhibitors, with particular focus on combinations of these drugs with conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian O Malley
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Graham P Pidgeon
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Chong DQ, Mehta RS, Song M, Kedrin D, Meyerhardt JA, Ng K, Wu K, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci EL, Ogino S, Chan AT. Prediagnostic Plasma Adiponectin and Survival among Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:1138-45. [PMID: 26382604 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circulating adiponectin is inversely related to the risk of colorectal cancer. However, its influence on colorectal cancer survival is unclear. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the association between prediagnostic plasma levels of adiponectin and mortality in patients with colorectal cancer. We identified 621 incident colorectal cancer cases who provided blood specimens prior to diagnosis within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). After a median follow-up of 9 years, there were 269 (43%) total deaths, of which 181 (67%) were due to colorectal cancer. Compared with participants in the lowest quartile of adiponectin, those in the highest quartile had multivariate HRs of 1.89 (95% CI, 1.21-2.97; P(trend) = 0.01) for colorectal cancer-specific mortality and 1.66 (95% CI, 1.15-2.39; P(trend) = 0.009) for overall mortality. The apparent increased risk in colorectal cancer-specific mortality was more pronounced in patients with metastatic disease (HR, 3.02: 95% CI, 1.50-6.08). Among patients with colorectal cancer, prediagnostic plasma adiponectin is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer-specific and overall mortality and is more apparent in patients with metastatic disease. Adiponectin may be a marker for cancers which develop through specific pathways that may be associated with worsened prognosis. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Q Chong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raaj S Mehta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mingyang Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dmitriy Kedrin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Young MRI, Levingston C, Johnson SD. Cytokine and Adipokine Levels in Patients with Premalignant Oral Lesions or in Patients with Oral Cancer Who Did or Did Not Receive 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Treatment upon Cancer Diagnosis. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1109-24. [PMID: 26120967 PMCID: PMC4586760 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in levels of inflammation-modulating cytokines and adipokines in patients with premalignant oral lesions versus in patients that develop squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) were assessed. Also assessed was the impact of treating HNSCC patients with the immune regulatory mediator, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], on modulators of inflammation. Compared to healthy controls, patients with premalignant oral lesions had increases in their systemic levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-17, and increases in the adipokine, leptin. However, levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokine were reduced in patients with HNSCC. Treatment of HNSCC patients with 1,25(OH)2D3 increased levels of each of the measured immune mediators. Levels of the anti-inflammatory adipokine, adiponectin, were shifted inversely with the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and with leptin. These studies demonstrate heightened immune reactivity in patients with premalignant lesions, which wanes in patients with HNSCC, but which is restored by treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rita I Young
- Medical Research Service (151), Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Corinne Levingston
- Medical Research Service (151), Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
| | - Sara D Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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30
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Xing SQ, Zhang CG, Yuan JF, Yang HM, Zhao SD, Zhang H. Adiponectin induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma through differential modulation of thioredoxin proteins. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 93:221-31. [PMID: 25514170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin blocks hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression by inducing cell apoptosis through the modulation of C-Jun N-terminal kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin. However, the precise upstream signaling pathways or molecules remain elusive. In the present study, we analyzed the role of antioxidant protein thioredoxin (Trx) in adiponectin-induced apoptosis in HCC. Adiponectin treatment decreased the viabilities of both HepG2 and Huh7 HCC cells accompanied by increased accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, as evidenced by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining. Pretreatment of these cells with the deoxidant N-acetylcysteine blocked the inhibitory effect of adiponectin. Levels of Trx2 protein in both HCC cells were significantly decreased, and the level of Trx1 was significantly inhibited in Huh7 cells while unchanged in HepG2 cells. However, the redox state of Trx1 was altered from reduced to the oxidized form following adiponectin treatment in HepG2 cells. Overexpression of both Trx proteins rescued adiponectin-induced cell apoptosis, whereas mutated Trx proteins were less effective. Further analysis suggested that both ASK1 and JNK signaling are involved in this process. Trx1 and Trx2 proteins also manifested protective effects on HCC cells in response to adiponectin treatment in a xenograft tumor model. Furthermore, high levels of Trx proteins and low adiponectin expression levels were found in primary human HCC samples compared with paracancerous tissues. These results suggest that Trx proteins play important roles in mediating adiponectin-induced HCC cell apoptosis, thus providing new insights into the pathogenesis of HCC and identifying adiponectin and Trx proteins as potential combinational therapeutic targets for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Qian Xing
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chen-Guang Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ji-Fang Yuan
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Animal Experimental Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hui-Min Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shu-Dong Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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