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Hudock J, Kenney JW. Aging in zebrafish is associated with reduced locomotor activity and strain dependent changes in bottom dwelling and thigmotaxis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300227. [PMID: 38696419 PMCID: PMC11065237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a wide range of physiological and behavioral changes in many species. Zebrafish, like humans, rodents, and birds, exhibits gradual senescence, and thus may be a useful model organism for identifying evolutionarily conserved mechanisms related to aging. Here, we compared behavior in the novel tank test of young (6-month-old) and middle aged (12-month-old) zebrafish from two strains (TL and TU) and both sexes. We find that this modest age difference results in a reduction in locomotor activity in male fish. We also found that background strain modulated the effects of age on predator avoidance behaviors related to anxiety: older female TL fish increased bottom dwelling whereas older male TU fish decreased thigmotaxis. Although there were no consistent effects of age on either short-term (within session) or long-term (next day) habituation to the novel tank, strain affected the habituation response. TL fish tended to increase their distance from the bottom of the tank whereas TU fish had no changes in bottom distance but instead tended to increase thigmotaxis. Our findings support the use of zebrafish for the study of how age affects locomotion and how genetics interacts with age and sex to alter exploratory and emotional behaviors in response to novelty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Hudock
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Justin W. Kenney
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
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2
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Reuter H, Perner B, Wahl F, Rohde L, Koch P, Groth M, Buder K, Englert C. Aging Activates the Immune System and Alters the Regenerative Capacity in the Zebrafish Heart. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030345. [PMID: 35159152 PMCID: PMC8834511 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated organ failure and degenerative diseases have a major impact on human health. Cardiovascular dysfunction has an increasing prevalence with age and is one of the leading causes of death. In contrast to humans, zebrafish have extraordinary regeneration capacities of complex organs including the heart. In addition, zebrafish has recently become a model organism in research on aging. Here, we have compared the ventricular transcriptome as well as the regenerative capacity after cryoinjury of old and young zebrafish hearts. We identified the immune system as activated in old ventricles and found muscle organization to deteriorate upon aging. Our data show an accumulation of immune cells, mostly macrophages, in the old zebrafish ventricle. Those immune cells not only increased in numbers but also showed morphological and behavioral changes with age. Our data further suggest that the regenerative response to cardiac injury is generally impaired and much more variable in old fish. Collagen in the wound area was already significantly enriched in old fish at 7 days post injury. Taken together, these data indicate an ‘inflammaging’-like process in the zebrafish heart and suggest a change in regenerative response in the old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Reuter
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (H.R.); (B.P.); (F.W.); (L.R.)
| | - Birgit Perner
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (H.R.); (B.P.); (F.W.); (L.R.)
- Core Facility Imaging, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Wahl
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (H.R.); (B.P.); (F.W.); (L.R.)
| | - Luise Rohde
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (H.R.); (B.P.); (F.W.); (L.R.)
| | - Philipp Koch
- Core Facility Life Science Computing, 07735 Jena, Germany;
| | - Marco Groth
- Core Facility DNA Sequencing, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Katrin Buder
- Core Service Histology/Pathology/EM, Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Christoph Englert
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (H.R.); (B.P.); (F.W.); (L.R.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-656042
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Murphy LB, Santos-Ledo A, Dhanaseelan T, Eley L, Burns D, Henderson DJ, Chaudhry B. Exercise, programmed cell death and exhaustion of cardiomyocyte proliferation in aging zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm049013. [PMID: 34296752 PMCID: PMC8319546 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise may ameliorate the eventual heart failure inherent in human aging. In this study, we use zebrafish to understand how aging and exercise affect cardiomyocyte turnover and myocardial remodelling. We show that cardiomyocyte proliferation remains constant throughout life but that onset of fibrosis is associated with a late increase in apoptosis. These findings correlate with decreases in voluntary swimming activity, critical swimming speed (Ucrit), and increases in biomarkers of cardiac insufficiency. The ability to respond to severe physiological stress is also impaired with age. Although young adult fish respond with robust cardiomyocyte proliferation in response to enforced swimming, this is dramatically impaired in older fish and served by a smaller proliferation-competent cardiomyocyte population. Finally, we show that these aging responses can be improved through increased activity throughout adulthood. However, despite improvement in Ucrit and the proliferative response to stress, the size of the proliferating cardiomyocyte population remained unchanged. The zebrafish heart models human aging and reveals the important trade-off between preserving cardiovascular fitness through exercise at the expense of accelerated fibrotic change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bill Chaudhry
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
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Wang Q, Luo C, Lu G, Chen Z. Effect of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-p53-Krüppel-like factor 2a pathway in hyperglycemia-induced cardiac remodeling in adult zebrafish. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 12:320-333. [PMID: 32881390 PMCID: PMC7926222 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a type of myocardial disease. It causes left ventricular hypertrophy, followed by diastolic and systolic dysfunction, eventually leading to congestive heart failure. However, the underlying mechanism still requires further elucidation. Materials and Methods A high‐glucose zebrafish model was constructed by administering streptozocin intraperitoneally to enhance the development of cardiomyopathy and then treated with adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator. Cardiac structure and function, and protein and gene expression were then analyzed. Cardiomyocytes (CMs) culture in vitro using lentivirus were used for detection of AMPK, p53 and Krüppel‐like factor 2a (klf2a) gene expression. Results In the hyperglycemia group, electrocardiogram findings showed arrhythmia, echocardiography results showed heart enlargement and dysfunction, and many differences, such as increased apoptosis and myocardial fiber loss, were observed. The phospho‐AMPK and klf2a expression were downregulated, and p53 expression was upregulated. Activation of phospho‐AMPK reduced p53 and increased klf2a expression, alleviated apoptosis in CMs and improved cardiac function in the hyperglycemic zebrafish. In vitro knockdown system of AMPK, p53 and klf2a using lentivirus illustrated an increased p53 expression and decreased klf2a expression in CMs by inhibiting AMPK. Repression of p53 and upregulation of klf2a expression were observed, but no changes in the expression of AMPK and its phosphorylated type. Conclusions In the model of streptozocin‐induced hyperglycemia zebrafish, the reduction of phosphorylated AMPK increased p53, which led to KLF2a decrease to facilitate apoptosis of CMs, inducing the cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. These results can be reversed by AMPK activator, which means the AMPK–p53–klf2a pathway might be a potential target for diabetic cardiomyopathy intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyue Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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5
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Functional alterations and transcriptomic changes during zebrafish cardiac aging. Biogerontology 2020; 21:637-652. [PMID: 32372324 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging dramatically increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in human. Animal models are of great value to study cardiac aging, and zebrafish have become a popular model for aging study recently. However, there is limited knowledge about the progression and regulation of cardiac aging in zebrafish. In this study we first validated the effectiveness of a panel of aging-related markers and revealed their spatial-temporal specificity. Using these markers, we discovered that cardiac aging in zebrafish initiated at mid-age around 24 months, followed by a gradual progression marked with increased DNA damage, inflammatory response and reduced mitochondrial function. Furthermore, we showed aging-related expression profile change in zebrafish hearts was similar to that in rat hearts. Overall, our results provide a deeper insight into the cardiac aging process in zebrafish, which will set up foundation for generating novel cardiac aging models suitable for large scale screening of pharmaceutical targets.
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Fang Y, Sun Y, Luo C, Gu J, Shi Z, Lu G, Silvestre JS, Chen Z. Evaluation of cardiac dysfunction in adult zebrafish using high frequency echocardiography. Life Sci 2020; 253:117732. [PMID: 32360570 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recently, the zebrafish has gained attention as an innovative experimental model to decipher molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in cardiovascular development and diseases. Nevertheless, the use of zebrafish models has been challenged because the transparency of these fish, which allows for accurate cardiac evaluation, disappears in adulthood. In this study, the epicardial outline method was performed to investigate the feasibility of echocardiography in assessing cardiac function in pathological adult zebrafish. MATERIALS AND METHODS We attempted to estimate heart failure in adult zebrafish treated with three distinct regulators of cardiac function: phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHZ), doxorubicin (DOX), and ethanol. B-mode and Doppler images were evaluated at frequencies of up to 50 MHz and 40 MHz, respectively. The correlation between alterations in cardiac function, haemoglobin concentration, and myocardial histopathology were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Cardiac output (CO) in PHZ-treated zebrafish was significantly higher than that in control zebrafish (151 ± 67 vs. 84 ± 37 μl/min, P = 0.004), whereas ejection fraction (EF) was lower (36.3 ± 10.9 vs. 50.9 ± 8.7%, P < 0.001), indicating typical high output heart failure derived from anaemia. Additionally, ventricular dysfunction in DOX-treated zebrafish was characterised by low CO (57 ± 38 μl/min) and EF (28.8 ± 10.4%), accompanied by an enlarged ventricle in diastole and systole, representing low output heart failure. For ethanol-treated zebrafish, EF was markedly reduced (39.6 ± 7.2%) indicating a dilated heart, while CO remained unchanged (90 ± 40 μl/min). SIGNIFICANCE The epicardial outline method is an effective way of using echocardiography to assess cardiac dysfunction in pathological adult zebrafish, unlocking a major bottleneck in this research field with limited cardiac functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyi Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianing Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Zhenyue Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Khor ES, Noor SM, Wong PF. Understanding the Role of ztor in Aging-related Diseases Using the Zebrafish Model. In Vivo 2019; 33:1713-1720. [PMID: 31662495 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a 289 kDa serine/threonine protein kinase of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-related family is known for its role in regulating lifespan and the aging process in humans and rodents. Aging in zebrafish very much resembles aging in humans. Aged zebrafish often manifest with spinal curvature, cataracts and cognitive frailty, akin to human age-related phenotypical effects such as osteoarthritis, dwindling vision and cognitive dysfunction. However, the role of the zebrafish orthologue of mTOR, ztor, is less defined in these areas. This review paper discusses the tale of growing old in the zebrafish, the physiological roles of ztor in normal developmental processes and its involvement in the pathogenesis of aging-related diseases such as metabolic disorders and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng-Soon Khor
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzita Mohd Noor
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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8
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Ding Y, Dvornikov AV, Ma X, Zhang H, Wang Y, Lowerison M, Packard RR, Wang L, Chen J, Zhang Y, Hsiai T, Lin X, Xu X. Haploinsufficiency of mechanistic target of rapamycin ameliorates bag3 cardiomyopathy in adult zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm040154. [PMID: 31492659 PMCID: PMC6826022 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.040154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult zebrafish is an emerging vertebrate model for studying human cardiomyopathies; however, whether the simple zebrafish heart can model different subtypes of cardiomyopathies, such as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), remains elusive. Here, we generated and characterized an inherited DCM model in adult zebrafish and used this model to search for therapeutic strategies. We employed transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) genome editing technology to generate frame-shift mutants for the zebrafish ortholog of human BCL2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), an established DCM-causative gene. As in mammals, the zebrafish bag3 homozygous mutant (bag3e2/e2 ) exhibited aberrant proteostasis, as indicated by impaired autophagy flux and elevated ubiquitinated protein aggregation. Through comprehensive phenotyping analysis of the mutant, we identified phenotypic traits that resembled DCM phenotypes in mammals, including cardiac chamber enlargement, reduced ejection fraction characterized by increased end-systolic volume/body weight (ESV/BW), and reduced contractile myofibril activation kinetics. Nonbiased transcriptome analysis identified the hyperactivation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in bag3e2/e2 mutant hearts. Further genetic studies showed that mtorxu015/+ , an mTOR haploinsufficiency mutant, repaired abnormal proteostasis, improved cardiac function and rescued the survival of the bag3e2/e2 mutant. This study established the bag3e2/e2 mutant as a DCM model in adult zebrafish and suggested mtor as a candidate therapeutic target gene for BAG3 cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghe Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alexey V Dvornikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China 410011
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Institute of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China 100029
| | | | - Rene R Packard
- School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yuji Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tzung Hsiai
- School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Xueying Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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9
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Donelson J, Wang Q, Monroe TO, Jiang X, Zhou J, Yu H, Mo Q, Sun Q, Marini JC, Wang X, Nakata PA, Hirschi KD, Wang J, Rodney GG, Wehrens XH, Cheng N. Cardiac-specific ablation of glutaredoxin 3 leads to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14071. [PMID: 31033205 PMCID: PMC6487472 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that redox-sensitive proteins including glutaredoxins (Grxs) can protect cardiac muscle cells from oxidative stress-induced damage. Mammalian Grx3 has been shown to be critical in regulating cellular redox states. However, how Grx3 affects cardiac function by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling remains unknown. In this study, we found that the expression of Grx3 in the heart is decreased during aging. To assess the physiological role of Grx3 in the heart, we generated mice in which Grx3 was conditionally deleted in cardiomyocytes (Grx3 conditional knockout (CKO) mice). Grx3 CKO mice were viable and grew indistinguishably from their littermates at young age. No difference in cardiac function was found comparing Grx3 CKO mice and littermate controls at this age. However, by the age of 12 months, Grx3 CKO mice exhibited left ventricular hypertrophy with a significant decrease in ejection fraction and fractional shortening along with a significant increase of ROS production in cardiomyocytes compared to controls. Deletion of Grx3 also impaired Ca2+ handling, caused enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium (Ca2+ ) leak, and decreased SR Ca2+ uptake. Furthermore, enhanced ROS production and alteration of Ca2+ handling in cardiomyocytes occurred, prior to cardiac dysfunction in young mice. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that Grx3 is an important factor in regulating cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure by modulating both cellular redox homeostasis and Ca2+ handling in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmonique Donelson
- USDA/ARS Children Nutrition Research CenterDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Qiongling Wang
- Molecular Physiology & BiophysicsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Tanner O. Monroe
- Molecular Physiology & BiophysicsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Xiqian Jiang
- Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
- Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Jianjie Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein ScienceCenter for Structural BiologySchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Han Yu
- USDA/ARS Children Nutrition Research CenterDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Department of Biostatistics & BioinformaticsH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research InstituteTampaFlorida
| | - Qin Sun
- Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Juan C. Marini
- USDA/ARS Children Nutrition Research CenterDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
- Section of Critical Care MedicineDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein ScienceCenter for Structural BiologySchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Paul A. Nakata
- USDA/ARS Children Nutrition Research CenterDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Kendal D. Hirschi
- USDA/ARS Children Nutrition Research CenterDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Jin Wang
- Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
- Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
- Center for Drug DiscoveryDan L. Duncan Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - George G. Rodney
- Molecular Physiology & BiophysicsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Xander H.T. Wehrens
- USDA/ARS Children Nutrition Research CenterDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
- Molecular Physiology & BiophysicsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Ninghui Cheng
- USDA/ARS Children Nutrition Research CenterDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
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Giardoglou P, Beis D. On Zebrafish Disease Models and Matters of the Heart. Biomedicines 2019; 7:E15. [PMID: 30823496 PMCID: PMC6466020 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading form of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the primary cause of mortality worldwide. It is a complex disease with genetic and environmental risk factor contributions. Reports in human and mammalian models elucidate age-associated changes in cardiac function. The diverse mechanisms involved in cardiac diseases remain at the center of the research interest to identify novel strategies for prevention and therapy. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a valuable vertebrate model to study cardiovascular development over the last few decades. The facile genetic manipulation via forward and reverse genetic approaches combined with noninvasive, high-resolution imaging and phenotype-based screening has provided new insights to molecular pathways that orchestrate cardiac development. Zebrafish can recapitulate human cardiac pathophysiology due to gene and regulatory pathways conservation, similar heart rate and cardiac morphology and function. Thus, generations of zebrafish models utilize the functional analysis of genes involved in CAD, which are derived from large-scale human population analysis. Here, we highlight recent studies conducted on cardiovascular research focusing on the benefits of the combination of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with functional genomic analysis in zebrafish. We further summarize the knowledge obtained from zebrafish studies that have demonstrated the architecture of the fundamental mechanisms underlying heart development, homeostasis and regeneration at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Giardoglou
- Zebrafish Disease Models Lab, Center for Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
- School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Zebrafish Disease Models Lab, Center for Clinical Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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11
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Dvornikov AV, de Tombe PP, Xu X. Phenotyping cardiomyopathy in adult zebrafish. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 138:116-125. [PMID: 29884423 PMCID: PMC6269218 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is usually manifested by increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, excessive contractility, and impaired relaxation. In contrast, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) originates from insufficient sarcomere contractility and reduced cardiac pump function, subsequently resulting in heart failure. The zebrafish has emerged as a new model of human cardiomyopathy with high-throughput screening, which will facilitate the discovery of novel genetic factors and the development of new therapies. Given the small hearts of zebrafish, better phenotyping tools are needed to discern different types of cardiomyopathy, such as HCM and DCM. This article reviews the existing models of cardiomyopathy, available morphologic and functional methods, and current understanding of the different types of cardiomyopathy in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Dvornikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Pieter P de Tombe
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago, IL, USA; Magdi Yacoub Institute, Cardiac Biophysics Division, Harefield, UK; Imperial College, Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK; Freiburg University, Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Germany
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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12
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Stoyek MR, Rog-Zielinska EA, Quinn TA. Age-associated changes in electrical function of the zebrafish heart. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 138:91-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Sun Y, Wang Q, Fang Y, Wu C, Lu G, Chen Z. Activation of the Nkx2.5-Calr-p53 signaling pathway by hyperglycemia induces cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in adult zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:1217-1227. [PMID: 28801532 PMCID: PMC5665450 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.026781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for diabetic cardiomyopathy in humans; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been thoroughly elucidated. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) was used in this study as a novel vertebrate model to explore the signaling pathways of human adult cardiomyopathy. Hyperglycemia was induced by alternately immersing adult zebrafish in a glucose solution or water. The hyperglycemic fish gradually exhibited some hallmarks of cardiomyopathy such as myocardial hypertrophy and apoptosis, myofibril loss, fetal gene reactivation, and severe arrhythmia. Echocardiography of the glucose-treated fish demonstrated diastolic dysfunction at an early stage and systolic dysfunction at a later stage, consistent with what is observed in diabetic patients. Enlarged hearts with decreased myocardial density, accompanied by decompensated cardiac function, indicated that apoptosis was critical in the pathological process. Significant upregulation of the expression of Nkx2.5 and its downstream targets calreticulin (Calr) and p53 was noted in the glucose-treated fish. High-glucose stimulation in vitro evoked marked apoptosis of primary cardiomyocytes, which was rescued by the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-μ. In vitro experiments were performed using compound treatment and genetically via cell infection. Genetically, knockout of Nkx2.5 induced decreased expression of Nkx2.5, Calr and p53 Upregulation of Calr resulted in increased p53 expression, whereas the level of Nkx2.5 remained unchanged. An adult zebrafish model of hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyopathy was successfully established. Hyperglycemia-induced myocardial apoptosis was mediated, at least in part, by activation of the Nkx2.5-Calr-p53 pathway in vivo, resulting in cardiac dysfunction and hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qiuyun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuehua Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chunfang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guoping Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhenyue Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
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14
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Wang LW, Huttner IG, Santiago CF, Kesteven SH, Yu ZY, Feneley MP, Fatkin D. Standardized echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function in normal adult zebrafish and heart disease models. Dis Model Mech 2016; 10:63-76. [PMID: 28067629 PMCID: PMC5278526 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.026989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an increasingly popular model organism in cardiovascular research. Major insights into cardiac developmental processes have been gained by studies of embryonic zebrafish. However, the utility of zebrafish for modeling adult-onset heart disease has been limited by a lack of robust methods for in vivo evaluation of cardiac function. We established a physiological protocol for underwater zebrafish echocardiography using high frequency ultrasound, and evaluated its reliability in detecting altered cardiac function in two disease models. Serial assessment of cardiac function was performed in wild-type zebrafish aged 3 to 12 months and the effects of anesthetic agents, age, sex and background strain were evaluated. There was a varying extent of bradycardia and ventricular contractile impairment with different anesthetic drugs and doses, with tricaine 0.75 mmol l−1 having a relatively more favorable profile. When compared with males, female fish were larger and had more measurement variability. Although age-related increments in ventricular chamber size were greater in females than males, there were no sex differences when data were normalized to body size. Systolic ventricular function was similar in both sexes at all time points, but differences in diastolic function were evident from 6 months onwards. Wild-type fish of both sexes showed a reliance on atrial contraction for ventricular diastolic filling. Echocardiographic evaluation of adult zebrafish with diphtheria toxin-induced myocarditis or anemia-induced volume overload accurately identified ventricular dilation and altered contraction, with suites of B-mode, ventricular strain, pulsed-wave Doppler and tissue Doppler indices showing concordant changes indicative of myocardial hypocontractility or hypercontractility, respectively. Repeatability, intra-observer and inter-observer correlations for echocardiographic measurements were high. We demonstrate that high frequency echocardiography allows reliable in vivo cardiac assessment in adult zebrafish and make recommendations for optimizing data acquisition and analysis. This enabling technology reveals new insights into zebrafish cardiac physiology and provides an imaging platform for zebrafish-based translational research. Summary: Standardization of zebrafish echocardiography provides insights into cardiac physiology in normal and diseased states, with application for functional studies in zebrafish models of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis W Wang
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Inken G Huttner
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Celine F Santiago
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Scott H Kesteven
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ze-Yan Yu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Michael P Feneley
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia .,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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15
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Yang J, Shah S, Olson TM, Xu X. Modeling GATAD1-Associated Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Adult Zebrafish. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2016; 3. [PMID: 28955713 PMCID: PMC5611887 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd3010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models have played a critical role in validating human dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) genes, particularly those that implicate novel mechanisms for heart failure. However, the disease phenotype may be delayed due to age-dependent penetrance. For this reason, we generated an adult zebrafish model, which is a simpler vertebrate model with higher throughput than rodents. Specifically, we studied the zebrafish homologue of GATAD1, a recently identified gene for adult-onset autosomal recessive DCM. We showed cardiac expression of gatad1 transcripts, by whole mount in situ hybridization in zebrafish embryos, and demonstrated nuclear and sarcomeric I-band subcellular localization of Gatad1 protein in cardiomyocytes, by injecting a Tol2 plasmid encoding fluorescently-tagged Gatad1. We next generated gatad1 knock-out fish lines by TALEN technology and a transgenic fish line that expresses the human DCM GATAD1-S102P mutation in cardiomyocytes. Under stress conditions, longitudinal studies uncovered heart failure (HF)-like phenotypes in stable KO mutants and a tendency toward HF phenotypes in transgenic lines. Based on these efforts of studying a gene-based inherited cardiomyopathy model, we discuss the strengths and bottlenecks of adult zebrafish as a new vertebrate model for assessing candidate cardiomyopathy genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (J.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Sahrish Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (J.Y.); (S.S.)
| | - Timothy M. Olson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (J.Y.); (S.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-507-284-0685; Fax: +1-507-538-6418
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16
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Park Y, Cha JJ, Seo S, Yun J, Woo Kim H, Park C, Gang G, Lim J, Lee JH. Ex vivo characterization of age-associated impedance changes of single vascular endothelial cells using micro electrical impedance spectroscopy with a cell trap. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:014114. [PMID: 26865907 PMCID: PMC4733078 DOI: 10.1063/1.4941044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to characterize aging of single vascular endothelial cells, which are indicators of senescence, using micro electrical impedance spectroscopy (μEIS) for the first time. The proposed μEIS was equipped with two barriers under the membrane actuator near the sensing electrodes, increasing its cell-trapping capability and minimizing the interference between the target cell and subsequent cells. The cell-trapping capability in μEIS with barriers was considerably improved (90%) with a capture time of 5 s or less, compared to μEIS without barriers (30%). Cells were extracted from transgenic zebrafish to minimize an initial discrepancy originating from genetic differences. In order to estimate useful parameters, cytoplasm resistance and membrane capacitance were estimated by fitting an electrical equivalent circuit to the data of ex vivo sensor output. The estimated cytoplasm resistance and membrane capacitance in the younger vascular endothelial cells were 20.16 ± 0.79 kΩ and 17.46 ± 0.76 pF, respectively, whereas those in the older cells were 17.81 ± 0.98 kΩ and 20.08 ± 1.38 pF, respectively. Discrimination of each group with different aging showed statistical significance in terms of cytoplasm resistance (p < 0.001) and membrane capacitance (p < 0.001). Considering both of the sensor and cellular level, the optimal frequency was determined as 1 MHz at which the electrical impedance of each group was clearly discriminated (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangkyu Park
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Cha
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Seungwan Seo
- Department of Mechatronics, GIST , Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Joho Yun
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Kim
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Changju Park
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Giseok Gang
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Juhun Lim
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
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