1
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Smith AR, Rizvi F, Everton E, Adeagbo A, Wu S, Tam Y, Muramatsu H, Pardi N, Weissman D, Gouon-Evans V. Transient growth factor expression via mRNA in lipid nanoparticles promotes hepatocyte cell therapy in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5010. [PMID: 38866762 PMCID: PMC11169405 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary human hepatocyte (PHH) transplantation is a promising alternative to liver transplantation, whereby liver function could be restored by partial repopulation of the diseased organ with healthy cells. However, currently PHH engraftment efficiency is low and benefits are not maintained long-term. Here we refine two male mouse models of human chronic and acute liver diseases to recapitulate compromised hepatocyte proliferation observed in nearly all human liver diseases by overexpression of p21 in hepatocytes. In these clinically relevant contexts, we demonstrate that transient, yet robust expression of human hepatocyte growth factor and epidermal growth factor in the liver via nucleoside-modified mRNA in lipid nanoparticles, whose safety was validated with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, drastically improves PHH engraftment, reduces disease burden, and improves overall liver function. This strategy may overcome the critical barriers to clinical translation of cell therapies with primary or stem cell-derived hepatocytes for the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Smith
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fatima Rizvi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elissa Everton
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anisah Adeagbo
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Wu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Valerie Gouon-Evans
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Vonada A, Wakefield L, Martinez M, Harding CO, Grompe M, Tiyaboonchai A. Complete correction of murine phenylketonuria by selection-enhanced hepatocyte transplantation. Hepatology 2024; 79:1088-1097. [PMID: 37824086 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocyte transplantation for genetic liver diseases has several potential advantages over gene therapy. However, the low efficiency of cell engraftment has limited its clinical implementation. This problem could be overcome by selectively expanding transplanted donor cells until they replace enough of the liver mass to achieve therapeutic benefit. We previously described a gene therapy method to selectively expand hepatocytes deficient in cytochrome p450 reductase (Cypor) using acetaminophen (APAP). Because Cypor is required for the transformation of APAP to a hepatotoxic metabolite, Cypor-deficient cells are protected from toxicity and are able to expand following APAP-induced liver injury. Here, we apply this selection system to correct a mouse model of phenylketonuria by cell transplantation. APPROACH AND RESULTS Hepatocytes from a wild-type donor animal were edited in vitro to create Cypor deficiency and then transplanted into phenylketonuric animals. Following selection with APAP, blood phenylalanine concentrations were fully normalized and remained stable following APAP withdrawal. Cypor-deficient hepatocytes expanded from < 1% to ~14% in corrected animals, and they showed no abnormalities in blood chemistries, liver histology, or drug metabolism. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that APAP-mediated selection of transplanted hepatocytes is a potential therapeutic for phenylketonuria with long-term efficacy and a favorable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vonada
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Leslie Wakefield
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael Martinez
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Cary O Harding
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Markus Grompe
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Amita Tiyaboonchai
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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3
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Tapparo M, Saccu G, Pasquino C, Fonsato V, Medana C, Schiavo V, Mecarelli E, Maccagno M, Silengo L, Bruno S, Camussi G, Herrera Sanchez MB. In vitro characterization of 3D culture-based differentiation of human liver stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1352013. [PMID: 38389704 PMCID: PMC10881830 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1352013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The lack of functional hepatocytes poses a significant challenge for drug safety testing and therapeutic applications due to the inability of mature hepatocytes to expand and their tendency to lose functionality in vitro. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of Human Liver Stem Cells (HLSCs) to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells within an in vitro rotary cell culture system, guided by a combination of growth factors and molecules known to regulate hepatocyte maturation. In this study, we employed a matrix multi-assay approach to comprehensively characterize HLSC differentiation. Methods: We evaluated the expression of hepatic markers using qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis. Additionally, we measured urea and FVIII secretion into the supernatant and developed an updated indocyanine green in vitro assay to assess hepatocyte functionality. Results: Molecular analyses of differentiated HLSC aggregates revealed significant upregulation of hepatic genes, including CYP450, urea cycle enzymes, and uptake transporters exclusively expressed on the sinusoidal side of mature hepatocytes, evident as early as 1 day post-differentiation. Interestingly, HLSCs transiently upregulated stem cell markers during differentiation, followed by downregulation after 7 days. Furthermore, differentiated aggregates demonstrated the ability to release urea and FVIII into the supernatant as early as the first 24 h, with accumulation over time. Discussion: These findings suggest that a 3D rotation culture system may facilitate rapid hepatic differentiation of HLSCs. Despite the limitations of this rotary culture system, its unique advantages hold promise for characterizing HLSC GMP batches for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tapparo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Saccu
- Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Pasquino
- Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Officina Farmaceutica, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Fonsato
- Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Officina Farmaceutica, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Medana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Schiavo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Mecarelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Maccagno
- Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Silengo
- Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Beatriz Herrera Sanchez
- Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- 2i3T, Società per la Gestione dell'incubatore di Imprese e per il Trasferimento Tecnologico, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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4
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Smith AR, Rizvi F, Everton E, Adeagbo A, Wu S, Tam Y, Muramatsu H, Pardi N, Weissman D, Gouon-Evans V. Transient growth factor expression via mRNA in lipid nanoparticles promotes hepatocyte cell therapy to treat murine liver diseases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.11.575286. [PMID: 38260488 PMCID: PMC10802626 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.11.575286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Primary human hepatocyte (PHH) transplantation is a promising alternative to liver transplantation, whereby liver function could be restored by partial repopulation of the diseased organ with healthy cells. However, currently PHH engraftment efficiency is low and benefits are not maintained long-term. Here we refine two mouse models of human chronic and acute liver diseases to recapitulate compromised hepatocyte proliferation observed in nearly all human liver diseases by overexpression of p21 in hepatocytes. In these clinically relevant contexts, we demonstrate that transient, yet robust expression of human hepatocyte growth factor and epidermal growth factor in the liver via nucleoside-modified mRNA in lipid nanoparticles, whose safety was validated with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, drastically improves PHH engraftment, reduces disease burden, and improves overall liver function. This novel strategy may overcome the critical barriers to clinical translation of cell therapies with primary or stem cell-derived hepatocytes for the treatment of liver diseases.
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5
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Udagawa D, Nagata S, Yagi H, Nishi K, Morisaku T, Adachi S, Nakano Y, Tanaka M, Hori S, Hasegawa Y, Abe Y, Kitago M, Kitagawa Y. A Novel Approach to Orthotopic Hepatocyte Transplantation Engineered With Liver Hydrogel for Fibrotic Livers, Enhancing Cell-Cell Interaction and Angiogenesis. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241253700. [PMID: 38770981 PMCID: PMC11110510 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241253700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte transplantation (HCT) is a potential bridging therapy or an alternative to liver transplantation. Conventionally, single-cell hepatocytes are injected via the portal vein. This strategy, however, has yet to overcome poor cell engraftment and function. Therefore, we developed an orthotopic HCT method using a liver-derived extracellular matrix (L-ECM) gel. PXB cells (flesh mature human hepatocytes) were dispersed into the hydrogel solution in vitro, and the gel solution was immediately gelated in 37°C incubators to investigate the affinity between mature human hepatocyte and the L-ECM gel. During the 3-day cultivation in hepatocyte medium, PXB cells formed cell aggregates via cell-cell interactions. Quantitative analysis revealed human albumin production in culture supernatants. For the in vivo assay, PXB cells were encapsulated in the L-ECM gel and transplanted between the liver lobes of normal rats. Pathologically, the L-ECM gel was localized at the transplant site and retained PXB cells. Cell survival and hepatic function marker expression were verified in another rat model wherein thioacetamide was administered to induce liver fibrosis. Moreover, cell-cell interactions and angiogenesis were enhanced in the L-ECM gel compared with that in the collagen gel. Our results indicate that L-ECM gels can help engraft transplanted hepatocytes and express hepatic function as a scaffold for cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Udagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Nagata
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nishi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shungo Adachi
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakano
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shutaro Hori
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Abe
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Kitago
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Pouyabahar D, Chung SW, Pezzutti OI, Perciani CT, Wang X, Ma XZ, Jiang C, Camat D, Chung T, Sekhon M, Manuel J, Chen XC, McGilvray ID, MacParland SA, Bader GD. A rat liver cell atlas reveals intrahepatic myeloid heterogeneity. iScience 2023; 26:108213. [PMID: 38026201 PMCID: PMC10651689 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The large size and vascular accessibility of the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) make it an ideal hepatic animal model for diseases that require surgical manipulation. Often, the disease susceptibility and outcomes of inflammatory pathologies vary significantly between strains. This study uses single-cell transcriptomics to better understand the complex cellular network of the rat liver, as well as to unravel the cellular and molecular sources of inter-strain hepatic variation. We generated single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomic maps of the livers of healthy Dark Agouti and Lewis rat strains and developed a factor analysis-based bioinformatics analysis pipeline to study data covariates, such as strain and batch. Using this approach, we discovered transcriptomic variation within the hepatocyte and myeloid populations that underlie distinct cell states between rat strains. This finding will help provide a reference for future investigations on strain-dependent outcomes of surgical experiment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaram Pouyabahar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sai W. Chung
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olivia I. Pezzutti
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catia T. Perciani
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xinle Wang
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xue-Zhong Ma
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chao Jiang
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Damra Camat
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor Chung
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Manmeet Sekhon
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Manuel
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xu-Chun Chen
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ian D. McGilvray
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sonya A. MacParland
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary D. Bader
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Multiscale Human Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Sun Z, Yuan X, Wu J, Wang C, Zhang K, Zhang L, Hui L. Hepatocyte transplantation: The progress and the challenges. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0266. [PMID: 37695736 PMCID: PMC10497249 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that hepatocyte transplantation is a promising approach for liver diseases, such as liver-based metabolic diseases and acute liver failure. However, it lacks strong evidence to support the long-term therapeutic effects of hepatocyte transplantation in clinical practice. Currently, major hurdles include availability of quality-assured hepatocytes, efficient engraftment and repopulation, and effective immunosuppressive regimens. Notably, cell sources have been advanced recently by expanding primary human hepatocytes by means of dedifferentiation in vitro. Moreover, the transplantation efficiency was remarkably improved by the established preparative hepatic irradiation in combination with hepatic mitogenic stimuli regimens. Finally, immunosuppression drugs, including glucocorticoid and inhibitors for co-stimulating signals of T cell activation, were proposed to prevent innate and adaptive immune rejection of allografted hepatocytes. Despite remarkable progress, further studies are required to improve in vitro cell expansion technology, develop clinically feasible preconditioning regimens, and further optimize immunosuppression regimens or establish ex vivo gene correction-based autologous hepatocyte transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ludi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijian Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Vonada A, Wakefield L, Martinez M, Harding CO, Grompe M, Tiyaboonchai A. Complete correction of murine phenylketonuria by selection-enhanced hepatocyte transplantation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.27.554228. [PMID: 37693457 PMCID: PMC10491101 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.27.554228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte transplantation for genetic liver diseases has several potential advantages over gene therapy. However, low efficiency of cell engraftment has limited its clinical implementation. This problem could be overcome by selectively expanding transplanted donor cells until they replace enough of the liver mass to achieve therapeutic benefit. We previously described a gene therapy method to selectively expand hepatocytes deficient in cytochrome p450 reductase (Cypor) using acetaminophen (APAP). Because Cypor is required for the transformation of APAP to a hepatotoxic metabolite, Cypor deficient cells are protected from toxicity and are able to expand following APAP-induced liver injury. Here, we apply this selection system to correct a mouse model of phenylketonuria (PKU) by cell transplantation. Hepatocytes from a wildtype donor animal were edited in vitro to create Cypor deficiency and then transplanted into PKU animals. Following selection with APAP, blood phenylalanine concentrations were fully normalized and remained stable following APAP withdrawal. Cypor-deficient hepatocytes expanded from <1% to ~14% in corrected animals, and they showed no abnormalities in blood chemistries, liver histology, or drug metabolism. We conclude that APAP-mediated selection of transplanted hepatocytes is a potential therapeutic for PKU with long-term efficacy and a favorable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vonada
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Leslie Wakefield
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Michael Martinez
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Cary O. Harding
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Markus Grompe
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amita Tiyaboonchai
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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9
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Schlegel A, Mergental H, Fondevila C, Porte RJ, Friend PJ, Dutkowski P. Machine perfusion of the liver and bioengineering. J Hepatol 2023; 78:1181-1198. [PMID: 37208105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing number of accepted candidates on waiting lists worldwide, there is an urgent need to expand the number and the quality of donor livers. Dynamic preservation approaches have demonstrated various benefits, including improving liver function and graft survival, and reducing liver injury and post-transplant complications. Consequently, organ perfusion techniques are being used in clinical practice in many countries. Despite this success, a proportion of livers do not meet current viability tests required for transplantation, even with the use of modern perfusion techniques. Therefore, devices are needed to further optimise machine liver perfusion - one promising option is to prolong machine liver perfusion for several days, with ex situ treatment of perfused livers. For example, stem cells, senolytics, or molecules targeting mitochondria or downstream signalling can be administered during long-term liver perfusion to modulate repair mechanisms and regeneration. Besides, today's perfusion equipment is also designed to enable the use of various liver bioengineering techniques, to develop scaffolds or for their re-cellularisation. Cells or entire livers can also undergo gene modulation to modify animal livers for xenotransplantation, to directly treat injured organs or to repopulate such scaffolds with "repaired" autologous cells. This review first discusses current strategies to improve the quality of donor livers, and secondly reports on bioengineering techniques to design optimised organs during machine perfusion. Current practice, as well as the benefits and challenges associated with these different perfusion strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schlegel
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centre of Preclinical Research, Milan, 20122, Italy; Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss HPB Center, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hynek Mergental
- The Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Constantino Fondevila
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery & Transplantation, General & Digestive Surgery Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert J Porte
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, Division of HPB & Transplant Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Friend
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philipp Dutkowski
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss HPB Center, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Sani F, Sani M, Moayedfard Z, Darayee M, Tayebi L, Azarpira N. Potential advantages of genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of acute and chronic liver diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:138. [PMID: 37226279 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver damage caused by toxicity can lead to various severe conditions, such as acute liver failure (ALF), fibrogenesis, and cirrhosis. Among these, liver cirrhosis (LC) is recognized as the leading cause of liver-related deaths globally. Unfortunately, patients with progressive cirrhosis are often on a waiting list, with limited donor organs, postoperative complications, immune system side effects, and high financial costs being some of the factors restricting transplantation. Although the liver has some capacity for self-renewal due to the presence of stem cells, it is usually insufficient to prevent the progression of LC and ALF. One potential therapeutic approach to improving liver function is the transplantation of gene-engineered stem cells. Several types of mesenchymal stem cells from various sources have been suggested for stem cell therapy for liver disease. Genetic engineering is an effective strategy that enhances the regenerative potential of stem cells by releasing growth factors and cytokines. In this review, we primarily focus on the genetic engineering of stem cells to improve their ability to treat damaged liver function. We also recommend further research into accurate treatment methods that involve safe gene modification and long-term follow-up of patients to increase the effectiveness and reliability of these therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Sani
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Moayedfard
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Darayee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili Street, P.O. Box: 7193711351, Shiraz, Iran.
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11
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Abolhassani S, Hossein-Aghdaei M, Geramizadeh B, Azarpira N, Koohpeyma F, Gholami M, Alizadeh A. Primary hepatocyte urea assessment in the sodium-alginate patterned hydrogel by electrochemical procedure containing umbilical cord conditioned media. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1470-1485. [PMID: 36318091 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221137093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Limitations in liver transplantation and advances in cell therapy methods motivated us to study primary hepatocytes. The main challenge in using primary hepatocytes for liver regeneration is that they lose their functionalities. We aimed to develop a controlled-shape hydrogel and apply the conditioned-media of mesenchymal stromal cells (CM-MSCs) to improve in vitro hepatocyte functions. In this experimental study, following rat hepatocyte isolation by collagenase perfusion and collection of human umbilical cord CM-MSCs, a simple and precise system called electrodeposition was used to produce the patterned alginate hydrogel. To reduce the cytopathic effects, we used an indirect electrodeposition method. For characterizing this structure, mechanical properties, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water uptake, in-vitro degradation, and hydrogel stability were studied. Urea synthesis as a basic function of hepatocytes was assessed in five different groups. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was utilized to evaluate the primary hepatocyte morphology and their dispersion in the fabricated structure. We observed a significant increase in urea synthesis in the presence of CM-MSCs in patterned hydrogel alginate compared to 2D culture on day 3 (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in simple and patterned hydrogel on day 2. We found that the electrodeposition method is appropriate for the rapid fabricating of hydrogel structures with arbitrary patterns for 3D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Abolhassani
- School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Transplant Research Center, 226722Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, 226722Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Endocrine and metabolism Research Center, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Gholami
- Transplant Research Center, 226722Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Alizadeh
- School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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12
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Shafritz DA, Ebrahimkhani MR, Oertel M. Therapeutic Cell Repopulation of the Liver: From Fetal Rat Cells to Synthetic Human Tissues. Cells 2023; 12:529. [PMID: 36831196 PMCID: PMC9954009 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Progenitor cells isolated from the fetal liver can provide a unique cell source to generate new healthy tissue mass. Almost 20 years ago, it was demonstrated that rat fetal liver cells repopulate the normal host liver environment via a mechanism akin to cell competition. Activin A, which is produced by hepatocytes, was identified as an important player during cell competition. Because of reduced activin receptor expression, highly proliferative fetal liver stem/progenitor cells are resistant to activin A and therefore exhibit a growth advantage compared to hepatocytes. As a result, transplanted fetal liver cells are capable of repopulating normal livers. Important for cell-based therapies, hepatic stem/progenitor cells containing repopulation potential can be separated from fetal hematopoietic cells using the cell surface marker δ-like 1 (Dlk-1). In livers with advanced fibrosis, fetal epithelial stem/progenitor cells differentiate into functional hepatic cells and out-compete injured endogenous hepatocytes, which cause anti-fibrotic effects. Although fetal liver cells efficiently repopulate the liver, they will likely not be used for human cell transplantation. Thus, utilizing the underlying mechanism of repopulation and developed methods to produce similar growth-advantaged cells in vitro, e.g., human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), this approach has great potential for developing novel cell-based therapies in patients with liver disease. The present review gives a brief overview of the classic cell transplantation models and various cell sources studied as donor cell candidates. The advantages of fetal liver-derived stem/progenitor cells are discussed, as well as the mechanism of liver repopulation. Moreover, this article reviews the potential of in vitro developed synthetic human fetal livers from iPSCs and their therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Shafritz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mo R. Ebrahimkhani
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Michael Oertel
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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13
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Casper J, Nicolle L, Willimann M, Kuzucu EÜ, Tran A, Robin P, Detampel P, Grisch-Chan HM, Thöny B, Huwyler J, Gerber-Lemaire S. Core-Shell Structured Chitosan-Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery: Improved Stability, Cellular Uptake, and Transfection Efficiency. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200314. [PMID: 36200651 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of nucleic acids relies on vectors that condense and encapsulate their cargo. Especially nonviral gene delivery systems are of increasing interest. However, low transgene expression levels and limited tolerability of these systems remain a challenge. The improvement of nucleic acid delivery using depolymerized chitosan-polyethylenimine DNA complexes (dCS-PEI/DNA) is investigated. The secore complexes are further combined with chitosan-based shells and functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and cell penetrating peptides. This modular approach allows to evaluate the effect of functional shell components on physicochemical particle characteristics and biological effects. The optimized ternary complex combines a core-dCS-linear PEI/DNA complex with a shell consisting of dCS-PEG-COOH, which results in improved nucleic acid encapsulation, cellular uptake and transfection potency in human hepatoma HuH-7cells and murine primary hepatocytes. Effects on transgene expression are confirmed in wild-type mice following retrograde intrabiliary infusion. After administration of only 100 ng complexed DNA, ternary complexes induced a high reporter gene signal for three days. It is concluded that ternary coreshell structured nanoparticles comprising functionalized chitosan can be used for in vitro andin vivo gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Casper
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Laura Nicolle
- Group for Functionalized Biomaterials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Willimann
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, CH-8032, Switzerland
| | - Evrim Ümit Kuzucu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Alan Tran
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Perrine Robin
- Group for Functionalized Biomaterials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Detampel
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Hiu Man Grisch-Chan
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, CH-8032, Switzerland
| | - Beat Thöny
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, CH-8032, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Gerber-Lemaire
- Group for Functionalized Biomaterials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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14
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Effects of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines on Hepatic Metabolism in Primary Human Hepatocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314880. [PMID: 36499207 PMCID: PMC9740548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Three decades of hepatocyte transplantation have confirmed such a cell-based approach as an adjunct or alternative treatment to solid organ transplantation. Donor cell survival and engraftment were indirectly measured by hepatospecific secretive or released metabolites, such as ammonia metabolism in urea cycle defects. In cases of sepsis or viral infection, ammonia levels can significantly and abruptly increase in these recipients, erroneously implying rejection. Pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with viral or bacterial infections are known to affect many liver functions, including drug-metabolizing enzymes and hepatic transport activities. We examined the influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines in primary human hepatocytes, isolated from both normal donors or patients with metabolic liver diseases. Different measures of hepatocyte functions, including ammonia metabolism and phase 1-3 metabolism, were performed. All the hepatic functions were profoundly and significantly suppressed after exposure to concentrations of from 0.1 to 10 ng/mL of different inflammatory cytokines, alone and in combination. Our data indicate that, like phase I metabolism, suppression of phase II/III and ammonia metabolism occurs in hepatocytes exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines in the absence of cell death. Such inflammatory events do not necessarily indicate a rejection response or loss of the cell graft, and these systemic inflammatory signals should be carefully considered when the immunosuppressant regiment is reduced or relieved in a hepatocyte transplantation recipient in response to such alleged rejection.
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15
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Pozzobon M, D’Agostino S, Roubelakis MG, Cargnoni A, Gramignoli R, Wolbank S, Gindraux F, Bollini S, Kerdjoudj H, Fenelon M, Di Pietro R, Basile M, Borutinskaitė V, Piva R, Schoeberlein A, Eissner G, Giebel B, Ponsaerts P. General consensus on multimodal functions and validation analysis of perinatal derivatives for regenerative medicine applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:961987. [PMID: 36263355 PMCID: PMC9574482 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.961987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal tissues, such as placenta and umbilical cord contain a variety of somatic stem cell types, spanning from the largely used hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to the most recently described broadly multipotent epithelial and stromal cells. As perinatal derivatives (PnD), several of these cell types and related products provide an interesting regenerative potential for a variety of diseases. Within COST SPRINT Action, we continue our review series, revising and summarizing the modalities of action and proposed medical approaches using PnD products: cells, secretome, extracellular vesicles, and decellularized tissues. Focusing on the brain, bone, skeletal muscle, heart, intestinal, liver, and lung pathologies, we discuss the importance of potency testing in validating PnD therapeutics, and critically evaluate the concept of PnD application in the field of tissue regeneration. Hereby we aim to shed light on the actual therapeutic properties of PnD, with an open eye for future clinical application. This review is part of a quadrinomial series on functional/potency assays for validation of PnD, spanning biological functions, such as immunomodulation, anti-microbial/anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pozzobon
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Michela Pozzobon, , ; Peter Ponsaerts,
| | - Stefania D’Agostino
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria G. Roubelakis
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Cargnoni
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA Trauma Research Center, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florelle Gindraux
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et plastique, CHU Besançon, Laboratoire de Nanomédecine, Imagerie, Thérapeutique EA 4662, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Sveva Bollini
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Halima Kerdjoudj
- University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA 4691 BIOS “Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux”, UFR d’Odontologie, Reims, France
| | | | - Roberta Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, Section of Biomorphology, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariangela Basile
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, Section of Biomorphology, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Veronika Borutinskaitė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andreina Schoeberlein
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guenther Eissner
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Michela Pozzobon, , ; Peter Ponsaerts,
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16
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Novel Gene-Correction-Based Therapeutic Modalities for Monogenic Liver Disorders. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9080392. [PMID: 36004917 PMCID: PMC9404740 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of monogenic liver diseases are autosomal recessive disorders, with few being sex-related or co-dominant. Although orthotopic liver transplantation (LT) is currently the sole therapeutic option for end-stage patients, such an invasive surgical approach is severely restricted by the lack of donors and post-transplant complications, mainly associated with life-long immunosuppressive regimens. Therefore, the last decade has witnessed efforts for innovative cellular or gene-based therapeutic strategies. Gene therapy is a promising approach for treatment of many hereditary disorders, such as monogenic inborn errors. The liver is an organ characterized by unique features, making it an attractive target for in vivo and ex vivo gene transfer. The current genetic approaches for hereditary liver diseases are mediated by viral or non-viral vectors, with promising results generated by gene-editing tools, such as CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Despite massive progress in experimental gene-correction technologies, limitations in validated approaches for monogenic liver disorders have encouraged researchers to refine promising gene therapy protocols. Herein, we highlighted the most common monogenetic liver disorders, followed by proposed genetic engineering approaches, offered as promising therapeutic modalities.
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17
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Short-term inhalation of isoflurane improves the outcomes of intraportal hepatocyte transplantation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4241. [PMID: 35273344 PMCID: PMC8913608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical hepatocyte transplantation (HTx) is only performed without general anesthesia, while inhalation anesthetics are usually used in animal experiments. We hypothesized that isoflurane may be a possible reason for the discrepancy between the results of animal experiments and the clinical outcomes of HTx. Syngeneic rat hepatocytes (1.0 × 107) were transplanted to analbuminemic rats with (ISO group) and without (AW group) isoflurane. The serum albumin, AST, ALT, LDH levels and several inflammatory mediators were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining and ex vivo imaging were also performed. The serum albumin levels of the ISO group were significantly higher in comparison to the AW group (p < 0.05). The serum AST, ALT, LDH levels of the ISO group were significantly suppressed in comparison to the AW group (p < 0.0001, respectively). The serum IL-1β, IL-10, IL-18, MCP-1, RNTES, Fractalkine and LIX levels were significantly suppressed in the ISO group. The ischemic regions of the recipient livers in the ISO group tended to be smaller than the AW group; however, the distribution of transplanted hepatocytes in the liver parenchyma was comparable between the two groups. Isoflurane may at least in part be a reason for the discrepancy between the results of animal experiments and the clinical outcomes of HTx.
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18
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Ren J, Yu D, Wang J, Xu K, Xu Y, Sun R, An P, Li C, Feng G, Zhang Y, Dai X, Zhao H, Wang Z, Han Z, Zhu H, Ding Y, You X, Liu X, Wu M, Luo L, Li Z, Yang YG, Hu Z, Wei HJ, Ge L, Hai T, Li W. Generation of immunodeficient pig with hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 and their preliminary application for humanized liver. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:26. [PMID: 35255981 PMCID: PMC8900390 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mice with humanized livers are important models to study drug toxicology testing, development of hepatitis virus treatments, and hepatocyte transplantation therapy. However, the huge difference between mouse and human in size and anatomy limited the application of humanized mice in investigating human diseases. Therefore, it is urgent to construct humanized livers in pigs to precisely investigate hepatocyte regeneration and human hepatocyte therapy. CRISPR/Cas9 system and somatic cell cloning technology were used to generate two pig models with FAH deficiency and exhibiting severe immunodeficiency (FAH/RAG1 and FAH/RAG1/IL2RG deficiency). Human primary hepatocytes were then successfully transplanted into the FG pig model and constructed two pigs with human liver. Results The constructed FAH/RAG1/IL2RG triple-knockout pig models were characterized by chronic liver injury and severe immunodeficiency. Importantly, the FG pigs transplanted with primary human hepatocytes produced human albumin in a time dependent manner as early as 1 week after transplantation. Furthermore, the colonization of human hepatocytes was confirmed by immunochemistry staining. Conclusions We successfully generated pig models with severe immunodeficiency that could construct human liver tissues. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00760-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dawei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Renren Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Peipei An
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guihai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hongye Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zhengzhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.,Center of Reproductive Medicine and Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuchun Ding
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Technical Engineering Center for the Development and Utilization of Medical Animal Resources, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Xiaoyan You
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Technical Engineering Center for the Development and Utilization of Medical Animal Resources, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Technical Engineering Center for the Development and Utilization of Medical Animal Resources, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Technical Engineering Center for the Development and Utilization of Medical Animal Resources, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China.,Technical Engineering Center for the Development and Utilization of Medical Animal Resources, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Hong-Jiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 402460, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China. .,Technical Engineering Center for the Development and Utilization of Medical Animal Resources, Chongqing, 402460, China.
| | - Tang Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Beijing Farm Animal Research Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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19
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Gupta S, Sharma A, Paneerselvan S, Kandoi S, Patra B, Bishi DK, Verma RS. Generation and transplantation of hepatocytes‐like cells using human origin hepatogenic serum for acute liver injury treatment. Xenotransplantation 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/xen.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Gupta
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory Department of Biotechnology Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Akriti Sharma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory Department of Biotechnology Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sugan Paneerselvan
- Department of Hepatology Madras Medical College Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sangeetha Kandoi
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory Department of Biotechnology Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai Tamil Nadu India
- Department of Ophthalmology Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research University of California San Francisco California USA
| | - Bamadeb Patra
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory Department of Biotechnology Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Dillip Kumar Bishi
- Department of Biotechnology Rama Devi Women's University Bhubaneswar Odisha India
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory Department of Biotechnology Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai Tamil Nadu India
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20
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Gupta S, Sharma A, Paneerselvan S, Kandoi S, Patra B, Bishi DK, Verma RS. Generation and transplantation of hepatocytes-like cells using human origin hepatogenic serum for acute liver injury treatment. Xenotransplantation 2022; 29:e12730. [PMID: 35166406 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Liver failure is a critical disease for which regenerative therapies are still being explored. The major limitation in the use of a clinical grade, viable cell-based therapy approach is the scarce availability of sufficient number of in-vitro differentiated hepatocyte-like cells (HLC) that can induce regeneration and ameliorate liver injury. Here, we report for the first time an approach to engineer HLCs using sera of hyperbilirubin patients that act as a reservoir of differentiation factor. Utilizing our humanized approach, mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) derived from umbilical cord tissue were transdifferentiated into HLC using patient-derived serum along with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). We studied the effects of serum on the proliferation, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis of hMSC by various differentiation combinations. We optimized the hepatic transdifferentiation ability of hMSC with hyperbilirubin serum treatment for a period of 7 days. Assessment of HLC functionalities was shown by quantifying the HLC spent medium for albumin and urea secretions. Transplantation of HLC in an acute liver injury (ALI) rat model showed an effective improvement in the liver function and histological changes in the liver. The results of this study suggest that hMSC-derived HLC using humanized hepatogenic serum holds a promising potential for cell transplantation, as an efficient therapy modality for liver failure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Gupta
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Akriti Sharma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sugan Paneerselvan
- Department of Hepatology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sangeetha Kandoi
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Ophthalmology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bamadeb Patra
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dillip Kumar Bishi
- Department of Biotechnology, Rama Devi Women's University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Role of the Microenvironment in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Strategies for Treating Human Liver Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5513309. [PMID: 34824587 PMCID: PMC8610645 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5513309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a severe health problem that endangers human health worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a novel treatment for patients with different liver diseases due to its vast expansion potential and distinctive immunomodulatory properties. Despite several preclinical trials having confirmed the considerable efficacy of MSC therapy in liver diseases, the questionable safety and efficacy still limit its application. As a precursor cell, MSCs can adjust their characteristics in response to the surrounding microenvironment. The microenvironment provides physical and chemical factors essential for stem cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. However, the mechanisms are still not completely understood. We, therefore, summarized the mechanisms underlying the MSC immune response, especially the interaction between MSCs and the liver microenvironment, discussing how to achieve better therapeutic effects.
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22
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Anand H, Nulty J, Dhawan A. Cell therapy in congenital inherited hepatic disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2021; 56-57:101772. [PMID: 35331403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2021.101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Congenital inherited hepatic disorders (CIHDs) are a set of diverse and heterogeneous group of genetic disorders leading to a defect in an enzyme or transporter. Most of these disorders are currently treated by liver transplantation as standard of care. Improved surgical techniques and post-operative care has led to a wider availability and success of liver transplantation program worldwide. However liver transplantation has its own limitations due to invasive surgery and lifelong use of immunosuppressive agents. Our experience from auxiliary liver transplantation (where right or the left lobe of the patient liver is replaced with a healthy liver donor) demonstrated successful treatment of the underlying defect of noncirrhotic metabolic disorder suggesting that whole liver replacement may not be necessary to achieve a change in phenotype. Large number of animal studies in human models of CIHD have shown success of hepatocyte transplantation leading to its human use. This review addresses the current state of human hepatocyte transplantation in the management of CIHDs with bottlenecks to its wider application and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanish Anand
- King's College Hospital NHS Trust: King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; DhawanLab, Paediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Center and MowatLabs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jessica Nulty
- King's College Hospital NHS Trust: King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; DhawanLab, Paediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Center and MowatLabs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anil Dhawan
- King's College Hospital NHS Trust: King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; DhawanLab, Paediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Center and MowatLabs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
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23
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Zhang L, Ma XJN, Fei YY, Han HT, Xu J, Cheng L, Li X. Stem cell therapy in liver regeneration: Focus on mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108004. [PMID: 34597754 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver has the ability to repair itself after injury; however, a variety of pathological changes in the liver can affect its ability to regenerate, and this could lead to liver failure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a good source of cells for regenerative medicine, as they regulate liver regeneration through different mechanisms, and their efficacy has been demonstrated by many animal experiments and clinical studies. Induced pluripotent stem cells, another good source of MSCs, have also made great progress in the establishment of organoids, such as liver disease models, and in drug screening. Owing to the recent developments in MSCs and induced pluripotent stem cells, combined with emerging technologies including graphene, nano-biomaterials, and gene editing, precision medicine and individualized clinical treatment may be realized in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Key Laboratory Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jing-Nan Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Key Laboratory Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Heng-Tong Han
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jun Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Key Laboratory Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Key Laboratory Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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24
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Tcaciuc E, Podurean M, Tcaciuc A. Management of Crigler-Najjar syndrome. Med Pharm Rep 2021; 94:S64-S67. [PMID: 34527915 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crigler-Najjar syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive inherited non-hemolytic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia caused by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase deficiency. There are two forms of this disorder. Type 1 disease is associated with severe jaundice and neurologic impairment due to bilirubin encephalopathy that can result in permanent neurologic sequelae. Type 2 disease is associated with a lower serum bilirubin concentration and affected patients survive into adulthood without neurologic impairment. Currently, liver transplantation is the only available therapeutic method for these patients. Developing new curative approaches is a clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Tcaciuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Mariana Podurean
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Angela Tcaciuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
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25
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Tsuchida T, Murata S, Hasegawa S, Mikami S, Enosawa S, Hsu HC, Fukuda A, Okamoto S, Mori A, Matsuo M, Kawakatsu Y, Matsunari H, Nakano K, Nagashima H, Taniguchi H. Investigation of Clinical Safety of Human iPS Cell-Derived Liver Organoid Transplantation to Infantile Patients in Porcine Model. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720964384. [PMID: 33103476 PMCID: PMC7784600 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720964384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of liver organoids has been investigated as a treatment alternative to liver transplantation for chronic liver disease. Transportal approach can be considered as a method of delivering organoids to the liver. It is important to set the allowable organoid amount and verify translocation by intraportal transplantation. We first examined the transplantation tolerance and translocation of porcine fetal liver-derived allogeneic organoids using piglets. Fetal liver-derived organoids generated from the Kusabira Orange-transduced pig were transplanted to the 10-day-old piglet liver through the left branch of the portal vein. All recipients survived without any observable adverse events. In contrast, both local and main portal pressures increased transiently during transplantation. In necropsy samples, Kusabira Orange-positive donor cells were detected primarily in the target lobe of the liver and partly in other areas, including the lungs and brain. As we confirmed the transplantation allowance by porcine fetal liver-derived organoids, we performed intraportal transplantation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived liver organoid, which we plan to use in clinical trials, and portal pressure and translocation were investigated. Human iPSC-derived liver organoids were transplanted into the same 10-day-old piglet. Portal hypertension and translocation of human iPSC-derived liver organoids to the lungs were observed in one of two transplanted animals. Translocation occurred in the piglet in which patent ductus venosus (PDV) was observed. Therefore, a 28-day-old piglet capable of surgically ligating PDV was used, and after the PDV was ligated, human iPSC-derived liver organoids with the amount of which is scheduled in clinical trials were transplanted. This procedure inhibited the translocation of human iPSC-derived liver organoids to extrahepatic sites without no portal hypertension. In conclusion, human iPSC-derived liver organoids can be safely transplanted through the portal vein. Ligation of the ductus venosus prior to transplantation was effective in inhibiting extrahepatic translocation in newborns and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Tsuchida
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Soichiro Murata
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hasegawa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mikami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shin Enosawa
- Division for Advanced Medical Sciences, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Huai-Che Hsu
- Division for Advanced Medical Sciences, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinari Fukuda
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Organ Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okamoto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mori
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Megumi Matsuo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumi Kawakatsu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsunari
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakano
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Takano C, Grubbs BH, Ishige M, Ogawa E, Morioka I, Hayakawa S, Miki T. Clinical perspective on the use of human amniotic epithelial cells to treat congenital metabolic diseases with a focus on maple syrup urine disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:829-835. [PMID: 33547875 PMCID: PMC8133340 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital metabolic diseases are a group of hereditary disorders caused by the deficiency of a single specific enzyme activity. Without appropriate therapy, affected patients suffer severe neurologic disability and eventual death. The current mainstays of management attempt to slow disease progression, but are not curative. Several of these diseases have demonstrated significant benefits from liver transplantation; however, this approach is limited by the morbidity associated with this invasive procedure and a shortage of donor organs. Therefore, there is a need to establish a new strategy for improving the quality of a life for these patients. One potential solution is regenerative therapy using hepatocytes generated from stem cells. Herein, we discuss pertinent issues necessary for clinical application of the human amniotic epithelial cell, a type of placental stem cell. Focusing on maple syrup urine disease as an example, where liver replacement is an effective therapy, we explore this approach from a clinician's perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Takano
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Brendan H. Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mika Ishige
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Erika Ogawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Ichiro Morioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Toshio Miki
- Department of PhysiologyNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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27
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Gene Editing Correction of a Urea Cycle Defect in Organoid Stem Cell Derived Hepatocyte-like Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031217. [PMID: 33530582 PMCID: PMC7865883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Urea cycle disorders are enzymopathies resulting from inherited deficiencies in any genes of the cycle. In severe cases, currently available therapies are marginally effective, with liver transplantation being the only definitive treatment. Donor liver availability can limit even this therapy. Identification of novel therapeutics for genetic-based liver diseases requires models that provide measurable hepatic functions and phenotypes. Advances in stem cell and genome editing technologies could provide models for the investigation of cell-based genetic diseases, as well as the platforms for drug discovery. This report demonstrates a practical, and widely applicable, approach that includes the successful reprogramming of somatic cells from a patient with a urea cycle defect, their genetic correction and differentiation into hepatic organoids, and the subsequent demonstration of genetic and phenotypic change in the edited cells consistent with the correction of the defect. While individually rare, there is a large number of other genetic-based liver diseases. The approach described here could be applied to a broad range and a large number of patients with these hepatic diseases where it could serve as an in vitro model, as well as identify successful strategies for corrective cell-based therapy.
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28
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Salminen AT, Allahyari Z, Gholizadeh S, McCloskey MC, Ajalik R, Cottle RN, Gaborski TR, McGrath JL. In vitro Studies of Transendothelial Migration for Biological and Drug Discovery. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 2:600616. [PMID: 35047883 PMCID: PMC8757899 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.600616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases and cancer metastases lack concrete pharmaceuticals for their effective treatment despite great strides in advancing our understanding of disease progression. One feature of these disease pathogeneses that remains to be fully explored, both biologically and pharmaceutically, is the passage of cancer and immune cells from the blood to the underlying tissue in the process of extravasation. Regardless of migratory cell type, all steps in extravasation involve molecular interactions that serve as a rich landscape of targets for pharmaceutical inhibition or promotion. Transendothelial migration (TEM), or the migration of the cell through the vascular endothelium, is a particularly promising area of interest as it constitutes the final and most involved step in the extravasation cascade. While in vivo models of cancer metastasis and inflammatory diseases have contributed to our current understanding of TEM, the knowledge surrounding this phenomenon would be significantly lacking without the use of in vitro platforms. In addition to the ease of use, low cost, and high controllability, in vitro platforms permit the use of human cell lines to represent certain features of disease pathology better, as seen in the clinic. These benefits over traditional pre-clinical models for efficacy and toxicity testing are especially important in the modern pursuit of novel drug candidates. Here, we review the cellular and molecular events involved in leukocyte and cancer cell extravasation, with a keen focus on TEM, as discovered by seminal and progressive in vitro platforms. In vitro studies of TEM, specifically, showcase the great experimental progress at the lab bench and highlight the historical success of in vitro platforms for biological discovery. This success shows the potential for applying these platforms for pharmaceutical compound screening. In addition to immune and cancer cell TEM, we discuss the promise of hepatocyte transplantation, a process in which systemically delivered hepatocytes must transmigrate across the liver sinusoidal endothelium to successfully engraft and restore liver function. Lastly, we concisely summarize the evolving field of porous membranes for the study of TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec T. Salminen
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Zahra Allahyari
- Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Shayan Gholizadeh
- Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Molly C. McCloskey
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Raquel Ajalik
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Renee N. Cottle
- Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Thomas R. Gaborski
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - James L. McGrath
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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29
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Hendrawan S, Lheman J, Nuraeni, Weber U, Baer HU. Hepatocyte and Islet Cell Cotransplantation on Poly-L-Lactide Matrix for the Treatment of Liver Cirrhosis. Int J Hepatol 2020; 2020:5410359. [PMID: 33123384 PMCID: PMC7582088 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5410359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human autologous hepatocyte matrix implant is a promising alternative procedure to counter liver damage. We assessed the outcome of human hepatocytes isolation from cirrhotic liver compared to the clinical and histological scores of disease severity. A total of 11 patients with various clinical scores (CTP and MELD) and histological score (Metavir, fibrosis) of liver cirrhosis were included in the hepatocyte matrix implant clinical phase I study. The liver segment and pancreatic tissue were harvested from each patient, and hepatocytes and cells of islets of Langerhans were isolated. The freshly isolated human hepatocytes were coseeded with the islet cells onto poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds, cultured, and transplanted back into the patient. Human hepatocytes were isolated from 11 cirrhotic liver specimens with a resulting yield of 1.4 ± 0.5 × 106 cells per gram of the liver specimen and a viability rate of 52 ± 13%. It was found that the yield and viability of the liver cells were not correlated with the clinical and histological scores of the liver cirrhosis. A correlation was found between the hepatocyte yield obtained and the average number of hepatocytes counted in 10 microscopic fields of view. More viable cells were obtained from cirrhotic livers caused by chronic hepatitis B as compared to chronic hepatitis C in the same MELD score range. There was no correlation between the clinical and histological disease severity scores of liver cirrhosis and the outcome of hepatocytes isolation. It seems that the yield could depend on the type of hepatitis underlying the cirrhotic tissue. The study was registered at www.clinicaltrial.gov with the study identifier: NCT01335568.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siufui Hendrawan
- Tarumanagara Human Cell Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Tarumanagara University, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tarumanagara University, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
| | - Jennifer Lheman
- Tarumanagara Human Cell Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Tarumanagara University, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
| | - Nuraeni
- Tarumanagara Human Cell Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Tarumanagara University, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
| | - Ursula Weber
- Tarumanagara Human Cell Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Tarumanagara University, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
- Baermed, Centre of Abdominal Surgery, Hirslanden Clinic, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Ulrich Baer
- Baermed, Centre of Abdominal Surgery, Hirslanden Clinic, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Bern, Switzerland
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30
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Pietrosi G, Fernández-Iglesias A, Pampalone M, Ortega-Ribera M, Lozano JJ, García-Calderó H, Abad-Jordà L, Conaldi PG, Parolini O, Vizzini G, Luca A, Bosch J, Gracia-Sancho J. Human amniotic stem cells improve hepatic microvascular dysfunction and portal hypertension in cirrhotic rats. Liver Int 2020; 40:2500-2514. [PMID: 32996708 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Portal hypertension is the main consequence of cirrhosis, responsible for the complications defining clinical decompensation. The only cure for decompensated cirrhosis is liver transplantation, but it is a limited resource and opens the possibility of regenerative therapy. We investigated the potential of primary human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stromal (hAMSCs) and epithelial (hAECs) stem cells for the treatment of portal hypertension and decompensated cirrhosis. METHODS In vitro: Primary liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) from cirrhotic rats (chronic CCl4 inhalation) were co-cultured with hAMSCs, hAECs or vehicle for 24 hours, and their RNA profile was analysed. In vivo: CCl4-cirrhotic rats received 4x106 hAMSCs, 4x106 hAECs, or vehicle (NaCl 0.9%) (intraperitoneal). At 2-weeks we analysed: a) portal pressure (PP) and hepatic microvascular function; b) LSECs and HSCs phenotype; c) hepatic fibrosis and inflammation. RESULTS In vitro experiments revealed sinusoidal cell phenotype amelioration when co-cultured with stem cells. Cirrhotic rats receiving stem cells, particularly hAMSCs, had significantly lower PP than vehicle-treated animals, together with improved liver microcirculatory function. This hemodynamic amelioration was associated with improvement in LSECs capillarization and HSCs de-activation, though hepatic collagen was not reduced. Rats that received amnion derived stem cells had markedly reduced hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress. Finally, liver function tests significantly improved in rats receiving hAMSCs. CONCLUSIONS This preclinical study shows that infusion of human amniotic stem cells effectively decreases PP by ameliorating liver microcirculation, suggesting that it may represent a new treatment option for advanced cirrhosis with portal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Pietrosi
- Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anabel Fernández-Iglesias
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab. IDIBAPS-Hospital Clínic, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Martí Ortega-Ribera
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab. IDIBAPS-Hospital Clínic, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan J Lozano
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab. IDIBAPS-Hospital Clínic, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Héctor García-Calderó
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab. IDIBAPS-Hospital Clínic, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Abad-Jordà
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab. IDIBAPS-Hospital Clínic, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pier G Conaldi
- Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vizzini
- Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Luca
- Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jaime Bosch
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab. IDIBAPS-Hospital Clínic, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain.,Hepatology, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab. IDIBAPS-Hospital Clínic, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain.,Hepatology, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Morandi F, Marimpietri D, Görgens A, Gallo A, Srinivasan RC, El-Andaloussi S, Gramignoli R. Human Amnion Epithelial Cells Impair T Cell Proliferation: The Role of HLA-G and HLA-E Molecules. Cells 2020; 9:E2123. [PMID: 32961693 PMCID: PMC7563681 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunoprivilege status characteristic of human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) has been recently highlighted in the context of xenogenic transplantation. However, the mechanism(s) involved in such regulatory functions have been so far only partially been clarified. Here, we have analyzed the expression of HLA-Ib molecules in isolated hAEC obtained from full term placentae. Moreover, we asked whether these molecules are involved in the immunoregulatory functions of hAEC. Human amnion-derived cells expressed surface HLA-G and HLA-F at high levels, whereas the commonly expressed HLA-E molecule has been measured at a very low level or null on freshly isolated cells. HLA-Ib molecules can be expressed as membrane-bound and soluble forms, and in all hAEC batches analyzed we measured high levels of sHLA-G and sHLA-E when hAEC were maintained in culture, and such a release was time-dependent. Moreover, HLA-G was present in extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by hAEC. hAEC suppressed T cell proliferation in vitro at different hAEC:T cell ratios, as previously reported. Moreover, inhibition of T cell proliferation was partially reverted by pretreating hAEC with anti-HLA-G, anti-HLA-E and anti-β2 microglobulin, thus suggesting that HLA-G and -E molecules are involved in hAEC-mediated suppression of T cell proliferation. Finally, either large-size EV (lsEV) or small-size EV (ssEV) derived from hAEC significantly modulated T-cell proliferation. In conclusion, we have here characterized one of the mechanism(s) underlying immunomodulatory functions of hAEC, related to the expression and release of HLA-Ib molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gaslini5, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Danilo Marimpietri
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gaslini5, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Andre Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.G.); (S.E.-A.)
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Alessia Gallo
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), Via E.Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Raghuraman Chittor Srinivasan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Alle 8, Huddinge SE-141 83, 14157 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Samir El-Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.G.); (S.E.-A.)
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Alle 8, Huddinge SE-141 83, 14157 Stockholm, Sweden;
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Srinivasan RC, Strom SC, Gramignoli R. Effects of Cryogenic Storage on Human Amnion Epithelial Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071696. [PMID: 32679793 PMCID: PMC7407665 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal stem cells and epithelial cells isolated from full term amnion membrane, in particular, have attracted interest over the last decade, as a promising source of multipotent cells for cellular therapies. Human amnion epithelial cells (hAEC) have been used to treat monogenetic liver disease such as maple syrup urine disease or fibrosis of the liver in preclinical studies. In most studies xeno-transplants of hAEC were conducted without providing immunosuppression to recipients, reflecting the tolerogenic properties of hAEC. For many cell types, successful cryopreservation is critical for providing a readily available, off-the-shelf product. In this study, hAEC were isolated from full-term human placenta from 14 different donors, cryopreserved using a protocol and reagents commonly adopted for epithelial cell preservation. The cells were analyzed in terms of survival, recovery, and homogeneity, profiled for surface markers characteristic of epithelial, mesenchymal, endothelial, or hematopoietic cells. There were no significant differences observed in the percentage of cells with epithelial cell markers before and after cryopreservation. The relative proportion of stromal and hematopoietic cells was significantly reduced in hAEC preparations after cryopreservation. The expression of stem cell and immunomodulatory molecules were confirmed in the final product. Since multipotent cells are readily available from full-term placenta, this novel cell source might significantly increase the number of patients eligible to receive cellular therapies for liver and other diseases.
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Utility of Common Marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus) Embryonic Stem Cells in Liver Disease Modeling, Tissue Engineering and Drug Metabolism. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070729. [PMID: 32630053 PMCID: PMC7397002 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of liver disease is increasing significantly worldwide and, as a result, there is a pressing need to develop new technologies and applications for end-stage liver diseases. For many of them, orthotopic liver transplantation is the only viable therapeutic option. Stem cells that are capable of differentiating into all liver cell types and could closely mimic human liver disease are extremely valuable for disease modeling, tissue regeneration and repair, and for drug metabolism studies to develop novel therapeutic treatments. Despite the extensive research efforts, positive results from rodent models have not translated meaningfully into realistic preclinical models and therapies. The common marmoset Callithrix jacchus has emerged as a viable non-human primate model to study various human diseases because of its distinct features and close physiologic, genetic and metabolic similarities to humans. C. jacchus embryonic stem cells (cjESC) and recently generated cjESC-derived hepatocyte-like cells (cjESC-HLCs) could fill the gaps in disease modeling, liver regeneration and metabolic studies. They are extremely useful for cell therapy to regenerate and repair damaged liver tissues in vivo as they could efficiently engraft into the liver parenchyma. For in vitro studies, they would be advantageous for drug design and metabolism in developing novel drugs and cell-based therapies. Specifically, they express both phase I and II metabolic enzymes that share similar substrate specificities, inhibition and induction characteristics, and drug metabolism as their human counterparts. In addition, cjESCs and cjESC-HLCs are advantageous for investigations on emerging research areas, including blastocyst complementation to generate entire livers, and bioengineering of discarded livers to regenerate whole livers for transplantation.
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Li Y, Wu Q, Yang Z, He Y, Weng C, Gao M, Zhang B, Wang Y, Li L, Chen F, Bu H, Bao J. Heterotopic vascularization and functionalization of implantable bio engineered hepatic tissue alleviates liver injury in rats. Liver Int 2020; 40:712-726. [PMID: 31571356 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The challenge of using bioengineered liver lies in sustaining the quantity of high-quality hepatocytes and the vasculature for blood perfusion. We characterized the heparinization of a porcine decellularized liver scaffold (DLS) as a carrier to support hepatocyte angiogenesis, thereby developing functional and vascularized hepatic tissue useful to treat liver injury. METHOD The porcine DLS was obtained by the removal of cellular components and then subjected to heparinization by the end-point attachment technique. The heparinized DLSs were recellularized with rat hepatocyte spheroids to construct engineered hepatic tissue. The hepatic tissue was heterotopically implanted in the omentum majus of a rat model with liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ). RESULTS Hepatocyte spheroids in the heparinized DLS remained viable for at least 10 weeks in vivo. The entire scaffold was populated with hepatocytes and arranged well. The volume of the heparinized DLS group was expanded over 400-fold. Liver-specific functions such as albumin synthesis, glycogen storage and cytochrome P 3A4 activity were highly expressed in the hepatic tissue. In addition, endothelial cells were recruited, as shown by CD31 staining, and new blood vessels formed, as visualized by fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextran intravital confocal microscopy. The heparinized bioengineered hepatic tissue alleviated CCl4 -induced liver injury by regulating the deposition and degradation of the extracellular matrix. CONCLUSION Primary hepatocyte spheroids survived for an extended time on the heparinized DLS and expanded to generate vascularized and functional bioengineered hepatic tissue that can alleviate liver injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuting He
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengxin Weng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyu Gao
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Bu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Bao
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Nguyen MP, Jain V, Iansante V, Mitry RR, Filippi C, Dhawan A. Clinical application of hepatocyte transplantation: current status, applicability, limitations, and future outlook. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:185-196. [PMID: 32098516 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1733975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Hepatocyte transplantation (HT) is a promising alternative to liver transplantation for the treatment of liver-based metabolic diseases and acute liver failure (ALF). However, shortage of good-quality liver tissues, early cell loss post-infusion, reduced cell engraftment and function restricts clinical application.Areas covered: A comprehensive literature search was performed to cover pre-clinical and clinical HT studies. The review discusses the latest developments to address HT limitations: cell sources from marginal/suboptimal donors to neonatal livers, differentiating pluripotent stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells, in vitro expansion, prevention of immune response to transplanted cells by encapsulation or using innate immunity-inhibiting agents, and enhancing engraftment through partial hepatectomy or irradiation.Expert opinion: To date, published data are highly encouraging specially the alginate-encapsulated hepatocyte treatment of children with ALF. Hepatocyte functions can be further improved through co-culturing with mesenchymal stromal cells. Moreover, ex-vivo genetic correction will enable the use of autologous cells in future personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Phuong Nguyen
- Dhawan Lab. at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vandana Jain
- Dhawan Lab. at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Iansante
- Dhawan Lab. at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ragai R Mitry
- Dhawan Lab. at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Filippi
- Dhawan Lab. at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anil Dhawan
- Dhawan Lab. at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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36
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Heydari Z, Najimi M, Mirzaei H, Shpichka A, Ruoss M, Farzaneh Z, Montazeri L, Piryaei A, Timashev P, Gramignoli R, Nussler A, Baharvand H, Vosough M. Tissue Engineering in Liver Regenerative Medicine: Insights into Novel Translational Technologies. Cells 2020; 9:E304. [PMID: 32012725 PMCID: PMC7072533 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ and tissue shortage are known as a crucially important public health problem as unfortunately a small percentage of patients receive transplants. In the context of emerging regenerative medicine, researchers are trying to regenerate and replace different organs and tissues such as the liver, heart, skin, and kidney. Liver tissue engineering (TE) enables us to reproduce and restore liver functions, fully or partially, which could be used in the treatment of acute or chronic liver disorders and/or generate an appropriate functional organ which can be transplanted or employed as an extracorporeal device. In this regard, a variety of techniques (e.g., fabrication technologies, cell-based technologies, microfluidic systems and, extracorporeal liver devices) could be applied in tissue engineering in liver regenerative medicine. Common TE techniques are based on allocating stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells or primary hepatocytes within a three-dimensional structure which leads to the improvement of their survival rate and functional phenotype. Taken together, new findings indicated that developing liver tissue engineering-based techniques could pave the way for better treatment of liver-related disorders. Herein, we summarized novel technologies used in liver regenerative medicine and their future applications in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heydari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (Z.H.); (Z.F.)
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan 121135879, Iran;
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119146 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Marc Ruoss
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Zahra Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (Z.H.); (Z.F.)
| | - Leila Montazeri
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran;
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119146 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.); (P.T.)
- Department of Polymers and Composites, N.N.Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 117977 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Andreas Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (Z.H.); (Z.F.)
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (Z.H.); (Z.F.)
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
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37
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Improved in vivo efficacy of clinical-grade cryopreserved human hepatocytes in mice with acute liver failure. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:114-121. [PMID: 31987755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical hepatocyte transplantation short-term efficacy has been demonstrated; however, some major limitations, mainly due to the shortage of organs, the lack of quality of isolated cells and the low cell engraftment after transplantation, should be solved for increasing its efficacy in clinical applications. Cellular stress during isolation causes an unpredictable loss of attachment ability of the cells, which can be aggravated by cryopreservation and thawing. In this work, we focused on the use of a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) solution compared with the standard cryopreservation medium, the University of Wisconsin medium, for the purpose of improving the functional quality of cells and their ability to engraft in vivo, with the idea of establishing a biobank of cryopreserved human hepatocytes available for their clinical use. We evaluated not only cell viability but also specific hepatic function indicators of the functional performance of the cells such as attachment efficiency, ureogenic capability, phase I and II enzymes activities and the expression of specific adhesion molecules in vitro. Additionally, we also assessed and compared the in vivo efficacy of human hepatocytes cryopreserved in different media in an animal model of acute liver failure. Human hepatocytes cryopreserved in the new GMP solution offered better in vitro and in vivo functionality compared with those cryopreserved in the standard medium. Overall, the results indicate that the new tested GMP solution maintains better hepatic functions and, most importantly, shows better results in vivo, which could imply an increase in long-term efficacy when used in patients.
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38
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Siefert J, Hillebrandt KH, Moosburner S, Podrabsky P, Geisel D, Denecke T, Unger JK, Sawitzki B, Gül-Klein S, Lippert S, Tang P, Reutzel-Selke A, Morgul MH, Reske AW, Kafert-Kasting S, Rüdinger W, Oetvoes J, Pratschke J, Sauer IM, Raschzok N. Hepatocyte Transplantation to the Liver via the Splenic Artery in a Juvenile Large Animal Model. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:14S-24S. [PMID: 31842585 PMCID: PMC7016464 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719885091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte transplantation (HcTx) is a promising approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases in newborns and children. The most common application route is the portal vein, which is difficult to access in the newborn. Transfemoral access to the splenic artery for HcTx has been evaluated in adults, with trials suggesting hepatocyte translocation from the spleen to the liver with a reduced risk for thromboembolic complications. Using juvenile Göttingen minipigs, we aimed to evaluate feasibility of hepatocyte transplantation by transfemoral splenic artery catheterization, while providing insight on engraftment, translocation, viability, and thromboembolic complications. Four Göttingen Minipigs weighing 5.6 kg to 12.6 kg were infused with human hepatocytes (two infusions per cycle, 1.00E08 cells per kg body weight). Immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus and prednisolone. The animals were sacrificed directly after cell infusion (n=2), 2 days (n=1), or 14 days after infusion (n=1). The splenic and portal venous blood flow was controlled via color-coded Doppler sonography. Computed tomography was performed on days 6 and 18 after the first infusion. Tissue samples were stained in search of human hepatocytes. Catheter placement was feasible in all cases without procedure-associated complications. Repetitive cell transplantations were possible without serious adverse effects associated with hepatocyte transplantation. Immunohistochemical staining has proven cell relocation to the portal venous system and liver parenchyma. However, cells were neither present in the liver nor the spleen 18 days after HcTx. Immunological analyses showed a response of the adaptive immune system to the human cells. We show that interventional cell application via the femoral artery is feasible in a juvenile large animal model of HcTx. Moreover, cells are able to pass through the spleen to relocate in the liver after splenic artery infusion. Further studies are necessary to compare this approach with umbilical or transhepatic hepatocyte administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Siefert
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - K H Hillebrandt
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Moosburner
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Podrabsky
- Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Geisel
- Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Denecke
- Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - J K Unger
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Sawitzki
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Gül-Klein
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Lippert
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Tang
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Reutzel-Selke
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - M H Morgul
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - A W Reske
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - W Rüdinger
- Cytonet GmbH & Co. KG, Weinheim, Germany
| | - J Oetvoes
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Pratschke
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - I M Sauer
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - N Raschzok
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Experimental Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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39
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Kuse Y, Taniguchi H. Present and Future Perspectives of Using Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Organoid Against Liver Failure. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:160S-165S. [PMID: 31838891 PMCID: PMC7016460 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719888459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ failure manifests severe symptoms affecting the whole body that may cause death. However, the number of organ donors is not enough for patients requiring transplantation worldwide. Illegal transplantation is also sometimes conducted. To help address this concern, primary hepatocytes are clinically transplanted in the liver. However, donor shortage and host rejection via instant blood-mediated inflammatory reactions are worrisome. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells have been developed as an alternative treatment. Recently, organoid technology has been developed to investigate the pathology and mechanism of organoids in cultures. Organoids can be transplanted with vascularization and connected to host blood vessels, and functionally mature better in vivo than in vitro. Hepatic organoids improve pathology in liver disease models. In this review, we introduce induced pluripotent stem cell- and organoid-based therapies against liver diseases considering present and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kuse
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Verstegen MMA, Spee B, van der Laan LJW. Bioengineering Liver Transplantation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E96. [PMID: 31623066 PMCID: PMC6955917 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6040096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first in-man liver transplantation was performed by Starzl et al [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Generation of qualified clinical-grade functional hepatocytes from human embryonic stem cells in chemically defined conditions. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:763. [PMID: 31601782 PMCID: PMC6787193 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocytes have been successfully generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). However, the cost-effective and clinical-grade generation of hepatocytes from hPSCs still need to be improved. In this study, we reported the production of functional hepatocytes from clinical-grade human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) under good manufacturing practice (GMP) requirements. We sequentially generated primitive streak (PS), definitive endoderm (DE), hepatoblasts and hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) from hESCs in the different stages with completely defined reagents. During hepatoblast differentiation, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), transferrin, L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate sesquimagnesium salt hydrate (Vc-Mg), insulin, and sodium selenite were used instead of cytokines and FBS/KOSR. Then, hepatoblasts were differentiated into HLCs that had a typical hepatocyte morphology and possessed characteristics of mature hepatocytes, such as metabolic-related gene expression, albumin secretion, fat accumulation, glycogen storage, and inducible cytochrome P450 activity in vitro. HLCs integrated into the livers of Tet-uPA Rag2–/– Il2rg–/– (URG) mice, which partially recovered after transplantation. Furthermore, a series of biosafety-related experiments were performed to ensure future clinical applications. In conclusion, we developed a chemically defined system to generate qualified clinical-grade HLCs from hESCs under GMP conditions. HLCs have been proven to be safe and effective for treating liver failure. This efficient platform could facilitate the treatment of liver diseases using hESC-derived HLCs transplantation.
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Czekaj P, Król M, Limanówka Ł, Michalik M, Lorek K, Gramignoli R. Assessment of animal experimental models of toxic liver injury in the context of their potential application as preclinical models for cell therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 861:172597. [PMID: 31408648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical animal models allow to study development and progression of several diseases, including liver disorders. These studies, for ethical reasons and medical limits, are impossible to carry out in human patients. At the same time, such experimental models constitute an important source of knowledge on pathomechanisms for drug- and virus-induced hepatotoxicity, both acute and chronic. Carbon tetrachloride, D-Galactosamine, and retrorsine are xenobiotics that can be used in immunocompetent animal models of hepatotoxicity, where chemical-intoxicated livers present histological features representative of human viruses-related infection. A prolonged derangement into liver architecture and functions commonly lead to cirrhosis, eventually resulting in hepatocellular carcinoma. In human, orthotopic liver transplantation commonly resolve most the problems related to cirrhosis. However, the shortage of donors does not allow all the patients in the waiting list to receive an organ on time. A promising alternative treatment for acute and chronic liver disease has been advised in liver cell transplantation, but the limited availability of hepatocytes for clinical approaches, in addition to the immunosuppressant regiment required to sustain cellular long-term engraftment have been encouraging the use of alternative cell sources. A recent effective source of stem cells have been recently identified in the human amnion membrane. Human amnion epithelial cells (hAEC) have been preclinically tested and proven sufficient to rescue immunocompetent rodents lethally intoxicated with drugs. The adoption of therapeutic procedures based on hAEC transplant in immunocompetent recipients affected by liver diseases, as well as patients with immune-related disorders, may constitute a successful new alternative therapy in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czekaj
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Król
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Limanówka
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Michalik
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lorek
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), H5, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 14152, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Yovchev MI, Lee EJ, Rodriguez‐Silva W, Locker J, Oertel M. Biliary Obstruction Promotes Multilineage Differentiation of Hepatic Stem Cells. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:1137-1150. [PMID: 31388633 PMCID: PMC6672331 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their high regenerative potential, stem cells are an ideal resource for development of therapies that replace injured tissue mass and restore function in patients with end-stage liver diseases. Using a rat model of bile duct ligation (BDL) and biliary fibrosis, we investigated cell engraftment, liver repopulation, and ectopic tissue formation after intrasplenic transplantation of epithelial stem/progenitor cells. Fetal liver cells were infused into the spleens of Fisher 344 rats with progressing biliary fibrosis induced by common BDL or rats without BDL. Cell delivery was well tolerated. After migration to the liver, donor-derived stem/progenitor cells engrafted, differentiated into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, and formed large cell clusters at 2 months in BDL rats but not controls. Substantial numbers of donor cells were also detected at the splenic injection site where they generated hepatic and nonhepatic tissue. Transplanted cells differentiated into phenotypes other than hepato/cholangiocytic cells only in rats that underwent BDL. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated marked up-regulation of tissue-specific genes of nonhepatic endodermal lineages (e.g., caudal type homeobox 2 [Cdx2], pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 [Pdx1], keratin 13 [CK-13]), confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: BDL and its induced fibrosis promote liver repopulation by ectopically transplanted fetal liver-derived cells. These cell fractions contain multipotent stem cells that colonize the spleen of BDL rats and differentiate into multiple gastrointestinal tissues, including liver, pancreas, intestine, and esophagus. The splenic microenvironment, therefore, represents an ideal niche to assess the differentiation of these stem cells, while BDL provides a stimulus that induces their differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen I. Yovchev
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental PathologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA
| | - Edward J. Lee
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental PathologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA
| | | | - Joseph Locker
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental PathologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA
| | - Michael Oertel
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental PathologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA
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Kok CY, Cunningham SC, Kuchel PW, Alexander IE. Insights into Gene Therapy for Urea Cycle Defects by Mathematical Modeling. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:1385-1394. [PMID: 31215258 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic liver diseases are attractive gene therapy targets that necessitate reconstitution of enzymatic activity in functionally complex biochemical pathways. The levels of enzyme activity required in individual hepatocytes and the proportion of the hepatic cell mass that must be gene corrected for therapeutic benefit vary in a disease-dependent manner that is difficult to predict. While empirical evaluation is inevitably required, useful insights can nevertheless be gained from knowledge of disease pathophysiology and theoretical approaches such as mathematical modeling. Urea cycle defects provide an excellent example. Building on a previously described one-compartment model of the urea cycle, we have constructed a two-compartment model that can simulate liver-targeted gene therapy interventions using the computational program Mathematica. The model predicts that therapeutically effective reconstitution of ureagenesis will correlate most strongly with the proportion of the hepatic cell mass transduced rather than the level of enzyme-encoding transgene expression achieved in individual hepatocytes. Importantly, these predictions are supported by experimental data in mice and human genotype/phenotype correlations. The most notable example of the latter is ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (X-linked) where impairment of ureagenesis in male and female patients is closely simulated by the one- and two-compartment models, respectively. Collectively, these observations support the practical value of mathematical modeling in evaluation of the disease-specific gene transfer challenges posed by complex metabolic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Y Kok
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Sharon C Cunningham
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Philip W Kuchel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Ian E Alexander
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
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Kolanko E, Kopaczka K, Koryciak-Komarska H, Czech E, Szmytkowska P, Gramignoli R, Czekaj P. Increased immunomodulatory capacity of human amniotic cells after activation by pro-inflammatory chemokines. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172545. [PMID: 31319066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human amniotic cells (hAC) possess multiple unique immunomodulatory properties. They are believed to be a very appealing and safe material for clinical applications. Primary hAC have been proposed as an efficient source of immunomodulatory factors that could be used as alternative or supporting to classical drug immunosuppression. The aim of this study was to evaluate hAC immunomodulatory properties post-activation by inflammatory cytokines as Interleukin 1β and Interferon γ. hAC were isolated and characterized by the expression of pluripotency marker SSEA4, epithelial marker CK7, HLA-G antigen, mRNA for PTGS2, NOS2 and HLA-G gene, and secretion of soluble mediators as HLA-G and PGE2 in the culture medium in presence or absence of INF-γ and IL-1β. Heterogeneity of the cultured hAC was proved, with 50 ± 8% of cells positive for epithelial marker (CK7), and 73 ± 3% expressing SSEA4 pluripotency marker. Priming effect by in vitro exposure to INF-γ and IL-1β resulted in a significant increase in expression of PTGS2, NOS2 and HLA-G gene, with a peak between 32 and 64 h. The highest PGE2 concentration was measured in the culture medium at 48 h. At 96 h, a significant difference in the percentage of SSEA4+ hAC between activated and non-activated cells, as well as the highest expression of HLA-G - especially in SSEA4+ cells, and highly elevated concentration of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) in the medium of activated cells, were found. The prolonged exposure of primary human amnion-derived cells to inflammatory cytokines INF-γ and IL-1β may result in enhanced expression and secretion of immunomodulatory molecules important in allogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Kolanko
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kopaczka
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Halina Koryciak-Komarska
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Czech
- Department of Histology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Szmytkowska
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), H5, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 14152, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Piotr Czekaj
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
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Abstract
Introduction: Liver disease is an increasing cause of worldwide mortality, and currently the only curative treatment for end-stage liver disease is whole organ allograft transplantation. Whilst this is an effective treatment, there is a shortage of suitable grafts and consequently some patients die whilst on the waiting list. Cell therapy provides an alternative treatment to increase liver function and potentially ameliorate fibrosis. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the different cellular sources for therapy investigated to date in humans including mature hepatocytes, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells and hepatic progenitor cells. Cells investigated in animals include embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and directly reprogrammed cells. We then appraise the experience and evidence base underlying each cell type. Expert opinion: We discuss how this field may evolve in the years to come focusing on opportunities to enhance the intrinsic regenerative response with therapeutic targets and cell therapies. Growing expertise in tissue engineering will likely lead to increasingly complex bio-reactors and bio-artificial livers, which open a further avenue to restore liver function and delay or prevent the need for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Boyd
- a NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.,b Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.,c Liver Unit , University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham , UK
| | - Philip Newsome
- a NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.,b Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK.,c Liver Unit , University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham , UK
| | - Wei-Yu Lu
- b Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
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Chen J, Yang T, Song S, Liu Q, Sun Y, Zhao L, Fu Z, Wang MJ, Hu YP, Chen F. Senescence suppressed proliferation of host hepatocytes is precondition for liver repopulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:591-598. [PMID: 31239154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase deficient (Fah-/-) mouse, massive liver repopulation can be easily obtained after transplanted hepatocytes. Understanding the mechanisms of complete liver repopulation in Fah-/- mice will be useful for future clinical application. Here, we found that the endogenous hepatocytes in liver of Fah-/- mice undertook senescence during the time of tyrosinemia symptoms. Increase of senescent hepatocytes in Fah-/- mice provided proliferative advantage to the transplanted hepatocytes. Importantly, senescent hepatocytes upregulated the expression of extracellular matrix enzyme, contributing to degradation of extracellular matrix components and weakness of cell adhesion and connection. The liver exhibiting a loose architecture provided the space for the engraftment and expansion of transplanted hepatocytes. These findings underscore the underlying mechanisms of completed liver repopulation in Fah-/- mice. Senescence followed by loose hepatic parenchyma is a preconditioning for liver repopulation, which would be a promising strategy to achieve therapeutic liver repopulation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Shaohua Song
- Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Qinggui Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Linghao Zhao
- Estern Hepatobilliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Zhiren Fu
- Organ Transplantation Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Min-Jun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Yi-Ping Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
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Acun A, Oganesyan R, Uygun BE. Liver Bioengineering: Promise, Pitfalls, and Hurdles to Overcome. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2019; 6:119-126. [PMID: 31289714 PMCID: PMC6615568 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-019-00236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we discuss the recent advancements in liver bioengineering and cell therapy and future advancements to improve the field towards clinical applications. RECENT FINDINGS 3D printing, hydrogel-based tissue fabrication, and the use of native decellularized liver extracellular matrix as a scaffold are used to develop whole or partial liver substitutes. The current focus is on developing a functional liver graft through achieving a non-leaky endothelium and a fully constructed bile duct. Use of cell therapy as a treatment is less invasive and less costly compared to transplantation, however, lack of readily available cell sources with low or no immunogenicity and contradicting outcomes of clinical trials are yet to be overcome. SUMMARY Liver bioengineering is advancing rapidly through the development of in vitro and in vivo tissue and organ models. Although there are major challenges to overcome, through optimization of the current methods and successful integration of induced pluripotent stem cells, the development of readily available, patient-specific liver substitutes can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Acun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Harvard Medical School, 51 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ruben Oganesyan
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Harvard Medical School, 51 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Basak E. Uygun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Harvard Medical School, 51 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Feizi Z, Zahmatkesh E, Farzaneh Z, Piryaei A, Gramignoli R, Nussler AK, Baharvand H, Vosough M. Prenatal liver stromal cells: Favorable feeder cells for long‐term culture of hepatic progenitor cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16624-16633. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Feizi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR Tehran Iran
| | - Ensieh Zahmatkesh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR Tehran Iran
| | - Zahra Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR Tehran Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Andreas K. Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Center Tübingen Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR Tehran Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology University of Science and Culture Tehran Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR Tehran Iran
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR Tehran Iran
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Iansante V, Chandrashekran A, Dhawan A. Cell-based liver therapies: past, present and future. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0229. [PMID: 29786563 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation represents the standard treatment for people with an end-stage liver disease and some liver-based metabolic disorders; however, shortage of liver donor tissues limits its availability. Furthermore, whole liver replacement eliminates the possibility of using native liver as a possible target for future gene therapy in case of liver-based metabolic defects. Cell therapy has emerged as a potential alternative, as cells can provide the hepatic functions and engraft in the liver parenchyma. Various options have been proposed, including human or other species hepatocytes, hepatocyte-like cells derived from stem cells or more futuristic alternatives, such as combination therapies with different cell types, organoids and cell-biomaterial combinations. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the cell therapies developed so far, highlighting preclinical and/or clinical achievements as well as the limitations that need to be overcome to make them fully effective and safe for clinical applications.This article is part of the theme issue 'Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Iansante
- Dhawan Lab, Paediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Center and MowatLabs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London at King's College Hospital, London SE5 9PJ, UK
| | - Anil Chandrashekran
- Dhawan Lab, Paediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Center and MowatLabs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London at King's College Hospital, London SE5 9PJ, UK
| | - Anil Dhawan
- Dhawan Lab, Paediatric Liver GI and Nutrition Center and MowatLabs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London at King's College Hospital, London SE5 9PJ, UK
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