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Bortel P, Hagn G, Skos L, Bileck A, Paulitschke V, Paulitschke P, Gleiter L, Mohr T, Gerner C, Meier-Menches SM. Memory effects of prior subculture may impact the quality of multiomic perturbation profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313851121. [PMID: 38976734 PMCID: PMC11260104 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313851121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based omics technologies are increasingly used in perturbation studies to map drug effects to biological pathways by identifying significant molecular events. Significance is influenced by fold change and variation of each molecular parameter, but also by multiple testing corrections. While the fold change is largely determined by the biological system, the variation is determined by experimental workflows. Here, it is shown that memory effects of prior subculture can influence the variation of perturbation profiles using the two colon carcinoma cell lines SW480 and HCT116. These memory effects are largely driven by differences in growth states that persist into the perturbation experiment. In SW480 cells, memory effects combined with moderate treatment effects amplify the variation in multiple omics levels, including eicosadomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics. With stronger treatment effects, the memory effect was less pronounced, as demonstrated in HCT116 cells. Subculture homogeneity was controlled by real-time monitoring of cell growth. Controlled homogeneous subculture resulted in a perturbation network of 321 causal conjectures based on combined proteomic and phosphoproteomic data, compared to only 58 causal conjectures without controlling subculture homogeneity in SW480 cells. Some cellular responses and regulatory events were identified that extend the mode of action of arsenic trioxide (ATO) only when accounting for these memory effects. Controlled prior subculture led to the finding of a synergistic combination treatment of ATO with the thioredoxin reductase 1 inhibitor auranofin, which may prove useful in the management of NRF2-mediated resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bortel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Gerhard Hagn
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Lukas Skos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Verena Paulitschke
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Philipp Paulitschke
- PHIO scientific GmbH, Munich81371, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich80539, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Mohr
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
- Center of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Samuel M. Meier-Menches
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
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2
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Jiang S, Han S, Wang DW. The involvement of soluble epoxide hydrolase in the development of cardiovascular diseases through epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1358256. [PMID: 38628644 PMCID: PMC11019020 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1358256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) has three main metabolic pathways: the cycloxygenases (COXs) pathway, the lipoxygenases (LOXs) pathway, and the cytochrome P450s (CYPs) pathway. AA produces epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) through the CYPs pathway. EETs are very unstable in vivo and can be degraded in seconds to minutes. EETs have multiple degradation pathways, but are mainly degraded in the presence of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). sEH is an enzyme of bifunctional nature, and current research focuses on the activity of its C-terminal epoxide hydrolase (sEH-H), which hydrolyzes the EETs to the corresponding inactive or low activity diol. Previous studies have reported that EETs have cardiovascular protective effects, and the activity of sEH-H plays a role by degrading EETs and inhibiting their protective effects. The activity of sEH-H plays a different role in different cells, such as inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation and migration, but promoting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Therefore, it is of interest whether the activity of sEH-H is involved in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases by affecting the function of different cells through EETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyi Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
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Yu Y, Yang A, He X, Wu B, Wu Y, Li Y, Nie S, Xu B, Wang H, Yu G. Soluble epoxide hydrolase deficiency attenuates airway inflammation in COPD via IRE1α/JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:36. [PMID: 37915073 PMCID: PMC10621191 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (sEH) metabolizes anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and critically affects airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Considering the excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress is associated with the earlier onset of COPD. The role of sEH and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of COPD remains unknown. METHOD 16 weeks of cigarette-exposed mice were used to detect the relationship between sEH and endoplasmic reticulum stress in COPD. Human epithelial cells were used in vitro to determine the regulation mechanism of sEH in endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by cigarette smoke. RESULTS sEH deficiency helps reduce emphysema formation after smoke exposure by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress response. sEH deficiency effectively reverses the upregulation of phosphorylation IRE1α and JNK and the nuclear expression of AP-1, alleviating the secretion of inflammatory factors induced by cigarette smoke extract. Furthermore, the treatment with endoplasmic reticulum stress and IRE1α inhibitor downregulated cigarette smoke extract-induced sEH expression and the secretion of inflammatory factors. CONCLUSION sEH probably alleviates airway inflammatory response and endoplasmic reticulum stress via the IRE1α/JNK/AP-1 pathway, which might attenuate lung injury caused by long-term smoking and provide a new pharmacological target for preventing and treating COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ailin Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yunxiao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shan Nie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Haoyan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Ganggang Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No, 95 Yong An Road, Xichen District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Rahman MS, Hossain MS. Eicosanoids Signals in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Foe or Friend. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00919-4. [PMID: 37878227 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mediated infection instigated a scary pandemic state since 2019. They created havoc comprising death, imbalanced social structures, and a wrecked global economy. During infection, the inflammation and associated cytokine storm generate a critical pathological situation in the human body, especially in the lungs. By the passage of time of infection, inflammatory disorders, and multiple organ damage happen which might lead to death, if not treated properly. Until now, many pathological parameters have been used to understand the progress of the severity of COVID-19 but with limited success. Bioactive lipid mediators have the potential of initiating and resolving inflammation in any disease. The connection between lipid storm and inflammatory states of SARS-CoV-2 infection has surfaced and got importance to understand and mitigate the pathological states of COVID-19. As the role of eicosanoids in COVID-19 infection is not well defined, available information regarding this issue has been accumulated to address the possible network of eicosanoids related to the initiation of inflammation, promotion of cytokine storm, and resolution of inflammation, and highlight possible strategies for treatment and drug discovery related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in this study. Understanding the involvement of eicosanoids in exploration of cellular events provoked by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been summarized as an important factor to deescalate any upcoming catastrophe imposed by the lethal variants of this micro-monster. Additionally, this study also recognized the eicosanoid based drug discovery, treatment, and strategies for managing the severity of SARS-COV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sharifur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Salim Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
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5
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Mechanisms and Future Perspectives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111637. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an integral organelle for maintaining protein homeostasis. Multiple factors can disrupt protein folding in the lumen of the ER, triggering ER stress and activating the unfolded protein response (UPR), which interrelates with various damage mechanisms, such as inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Numerous studies have linked ER stress and UPR to the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This review focuses on the mechanisms of other cellular processes triggered by UPR and summarizes drug intervention strategies targeting the UPR pathway in COPD to explore new therapeutic approaches and preventive measures for COPD.
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6
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Mohammed A, Kalle AM, Reddanna P. Managing SARS-CoV2 Infections Through Resolution of Inflammation by Eicosanoids: A Review. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4349-4358. [PMID: 35937919 PMCID: PMC9346295 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s355568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Corona Virus Disease is characterized by angiocentric inflammation of lungs and cytokine storm leading to potentially fatal multiple organ failure. Several studies have shown the high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, indicative of a poor prognosis in COVID-19. Eicosanoids play an important role in the induction of inflammation and cytokine production, while anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties of some eicosanoic acid derivatives enable inflamed tissues to return to homeostasis through the resolution of inflammation by aiding the clearance of cell debris and downregulation of pro-inflammatory stimulants. This review attempts to provide an overall insight on the eicosanoids synthesis and their role in the resolution of inflammation in the context of Corona Virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameena Mohammed
- Department of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Arunasree M Kalle
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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7
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Manickam M, Meenakshisundaram S, Pillaiyar T. Activating endogenous resolution pathways by soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors for the management of COVID-19. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100367. [PMID: 34802171 PMCID: PMC9011438 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory, specialized proresolving mediators such as resolvins, protectins, maresins, and lipoxins derived from polyunsaturated acids may play a potential role in lung diseases as they protect different organs in animal disease models. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are an important resource for epoxy fatty acids (EET, EEQ, and EDP) that mediate a broad array of anti-inflammatory and proresolving mechanisms, such as mitigation of the cytokine storm. However, epoxy fatty acids are rapidly metabolized by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). In animal studies, administration of sEH inhibitors (sEHIs) increases epoxy fatty acid levels, reduces lung inflammation, and improves lung function, making it a viable COVID-19 treatment approach. Thus, using sEHIs to activate endogenous resolution pathways might be a novel method to minimize organ damage in severe cases and improve outcomes in COVID-19 patients. This review focuses on the use of sEH inhibitors to activate endogenous resolution mechanisms for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Manickam
- Department of ChemistryPSG Institute of Technology and Applied ResearchCoimbatoreTamil NaduIndia
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8
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Jin M, Wang Y, An X, Kang H, Wang Y, Wang G, Gao Y, Wu S, Reinach PS, Liu Z, Xue Y, Li C. Phenotypic and transcriptomic changes in the corneal epithelium following exposure to cigarette smoke. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117540. [PMID: 34147784 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke extract (CSE), a complex mixture of compounds, contributes to a range of eye diseases; however, the underlying pathophysiological responses to tobacco smoke remain ambiguous. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the cigarette smoke-induced phenotypic and transcriptomic changes in the corneal epithelium with a view to elucidating the likely underlying mechanism. Accordingly, for the first time, we characterized the genome-wide effects of CSE on the corneal epithelium. The ocular surface of the mice in the experimental groups was exposed to CSE for 1 h per day for a period of one week, while mice in the control group were exposed to preservative-free artificial tears. Corneal fluorescein staining, in vivo confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were performed to examine the corneal ultrastructure. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed followed by RT-qPCR to validate gene expression changes. The results indicate that CSE exposure disrupted the structural integrity of the superficial epithelium, decreased the density of microvilli, and compromised the corneal epithelial barrier intactness. RNA-seq revealed 667 differentially expressed genes, and functional analysis highlighted the enhancement of several biological processes such as antioxidant activity and the response to oxidative stress. Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that glutathione metabolism and drug metabolism cytochrome P450 were the most relevant pathways contributing to the effects of CSE on the corneal epithelium. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis illustrated that GCLC, NQO1, and HMOX1 were the most relevant nodes. In conclusion, the present study indicates that CSE exposure induces changes in the phenotype and genotype of the corneal epithelium. The antioxidant response element is essential for counteracting the effects of cigarette smoke on this tissue layer. These results shed novel insights into how cigarette smoke damages this ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Jin
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yanzi Wang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xiaoya An
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Honghua Kang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shuiping Wu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Peter S Reinach
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yuhua Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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9
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Zhang M, Wang S, Wang X, Xu X, Yao Z, Fang W, Wu J, Wu Q, Li Z, Wang D. Allyl isothiocyanate increases MRP1 expression in cigarette smoke extract-stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells via the JNK/Nrf2 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:409. [PMID: 33692840 PMCID: PMC7938453 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance-related protein 1 (MRP1) is involved in the biological transport of several molecules with diverse structural characteristics outside of the cell. In addition to its transport activity, MRP1 exhibits multiple defense mechanisms in vivo. MRP1 is highly expressed in normal lung tissues and plays a protective role in the process of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In the present study, human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-cells) were stimulated by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in vitro to simulate a smoking environment. On this basis, the mechanism of Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) administration on the expression of MRP1 in CSE-stimulated 16HBE14o-cells was investigated. The effects of CSE on the viability of 16 HBE14o-cells were investigated by an MTT assay. The changes in the mRNA expression levels of nuclear erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2) and MRP1 were investigated in CSE-stimulated 16HBE14o-cells using western blotting and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Immunofluorescence analysis was used to detect Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Incubation of the cells with 5% CSE for 24 h had minor effects on cell viability and resulted in the activation of the JNK and p38MAPK signaling pathways. AITC activated the JNK pathway, inhibited the activation of the p38MAPK pathway in 16HBE14o-cells stimulated by 5% CSE and upregulated the expression levels of Nrf2 and MRP1 in a time-dependent manner. The upregulation of Nrf2, MRP1 and of Nrf2, and MRP1 mRNA expression levels in CSE-stimulated cells was inhibited by pretreatment with SP600125 (a JNK pathway inhibitor). Furthermore, the fluorescence intensity in the nucleus was significantly enhanced following AITC pretreatment and the analysis indicated nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the cells. These results indicated that Nrf2 and MRP1 expression levels in CSE-stimulated cells were altered following AITC pretreatment. Thus demonstrating that the primary mechanism may be associated with activation of the JNK pathway, while the p38MAPK pathway may not be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Xueqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoya Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Zhaomin Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Wei Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Zegeng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital to Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Dianlei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
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10
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Sharmin MM, Islam MA, Yamamoto I, Taniguchi S, Yonekura S. 5-ALA Attenuates the Palmitic Acid-Induced ER Stress and Apoptosis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041183. [PMID: 33672109 PMCID: PMC7926617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The conservation of mammary gland physiology by maintaining the maximum number of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) is of the utmost importance for the optimum amount of milk production. In a state of negative energy balance, palmitic acid (PA) reduces the number of bovine MECs. However, there is no effective strategy against PA-induced apoptosis of MECs. In the present study, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) was established as a remedial agent against PA-induced apoptosis of MAC-T cells (an established line of bovine MECs). In PA-treated cells, the apoptosis-related genes BCL2 and BAX were down- and upregulated, respectively. The elevated expression of major genes of the unfolded protein response (UPR), such as CHOP, a proapoptotic marker (C/EBP homologous protein), reduced the viability of PA-treated MAC-T cells. In contrast, 5-ALA pretreatment increased and decreased BCL2 and BAX expression, respectively. Moreover, cleaved caspase-3 protein expression was significantly reduced in the 5-ALA-pretreated group in comparison with the PA group. The downregulation of major UPR-related genes, including CHOP, extended the viability of MAC-T cells pretreated with 5-ALA and also reduced the enhanced intensity of the PA-induced expression of phospho-protein kinase R-like ER kinase. Moreover, the enhanced expression of HO-1 (antioxidant gene heme oxygenase) by 5-ALA reduced PA-induced oxidative stress (OxS). HO-1 is not only protective against OxS but also effective against ER stress. Collectively, these findings offer new insights into the protective effects of 5-ALA against PA-induced apoptosis of bovine MECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Mamuna Sharmin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Kamiina-gun, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; (M.M.S.); (M.A.I.)
| | - Md Aminul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Kamiina-gun, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; (M.M.S.); (M.A.I.)
| | - Itsuki Yamamoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan;
| | - Shin Taniguchi
- Neopharma Japan Co., Ltd., Tokyo 102-0071, Japan;
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yonekura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Kamiina-gun, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; (M.M.S.); (M.A.I.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan;
- Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-265-77-1443
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11
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Fishbein A, Hammock BD, Serhan CN, Panigrahy D. Carcinogenesis: Failure of resolution of inflammation? Pharmacol Ther 2021; 218:107670. [PMID: 32891711 PMCID: PMC7470770 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation in the tumor microenvironment is a hallmark of cancer and is recognized as a key characteristic of carcinogens. However, the failure of resolution of inflammation in cancer is only recently being understood. Products of arachidonic acid and related fatty acid metabolism called eicosanoids, including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and epoxyeicosanoids, critically regulate inflammation, as well as its resolution. The resolution of inflammation is now appreciated to be an active biochemical process regulated by endogenous specialized pro-resolving lipid autacoid mediators which combat infections and stimulate tissue repair/regeneration. Environmental and chemical human carcinogens, including aflatoxins, asbestos, nitrosamines, alcohol, and tobacco, induce tumor-promoting inflammation and can disrupt the resolution of inflammation contributing to a devastating global cancer burden. While mechanisms of carcinogenesis have focused on genotoxic activity to induce mutations, nongenotoxic mechanisms such as inflammation and oxidative stress promote genotoxicity, proliferation, and mutations. Moreover, carcinogens initiate oxidative stress to synergize with inflammation and DNA damage to fuel a vicious feedback loop of cell death, tissue damage, and carcinogenesis. In contrast, stimulation of resolution of inflammation may prevent carcinogenesis by clearance of cellular debris via macrophage phagocytosis and inhibition of an eicosanoid/cytokine storm of pro-inflammatory mediators. Controlling the host inflammatory response and its resolution in carcinogen-induced cancers will be critical to reducing carcinogen-induced morbidity and mortality. Here we review the recent evidence that stimulation of resolution of inflammation, including pro-resolution lipid mediators and soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors, may be a new chemopreventive approach to prevent carcinogen-induced cancer that should be evaluated in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fishbein
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Charles N. Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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12
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Inula japonica ameliorated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting soluble epoxide hydrolase. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104065. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Hammock BD, Wang W, Gilligan MM, Panigrahy D. Eicosanoids: The Overlooked Storm in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)? THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1782-1788. [PMID: 32650004 PMCID: PMC7340586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms, including systemic inflammatory response and multisystem organ failure, are now affecting thousands of infected patients and causing widespread mortality. Coronavirus infection causes tissue damage, which triggers the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and subsequent eicosanoid and cytokine storms. Although proinflammatory eicosanoids, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes, are critical mediators of physiological processes, such as inflammation, fever, allergy, and pain, their roles in COVID-19 are poorly characterized. Arachidonic acid–derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids could alleviate the systemic hyperinflammatory response in COVID-19 infection by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and stimulating the resolution of inflammation. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors, which increase endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acid levels, exhibit potent anti-inflammatory activity and inhibit various pathologic processes in preclinical disease models, including pulmonary fibrosis, thrombosis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, targeting eicosanoids and sEH could be a novel therapeutic approach in combating COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the predominant role of eicosanoids in regulating the inflammatory cascade and propose the potential application of sEH inhibitors in alleviating COVID-19 symptoms. The host-protective action of omega-3 fatty acid–derived epoxyeicosanoids and specialized proresolving mediators in regulating anti-inflammation and antiviral response is also discussed. Future studies determining the eicosanoid profile in COVID-19 patients or preclinical models are pivotal in providing novel insights into coronavirus-host interaction and inflammation modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California; UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California.
| | - Weicang Wang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California; UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Molly M Gilligan
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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14
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Wagner KM, Gomes A, McReynolds CB, Hammock BD. Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Regulation of Lipid Mediators Limits Pain. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:900-916. [PMID: 32875445 PMCID: PMC7609775 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of lipids in pain signaling is well established and built on decades of knowledge about the pain and inflammation produced by prostaglandin and leukotriene metabolites of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolism, respectively. The analgesic properties of other lipid metabolites are more recently coming to light. Lipid metabolites have been observed to act directly at ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors on nociceptive neurons as well as act indirectly at cellular membranes. Cytochrome P450 metabolism of specifically long-chain fatty acids forms epoxide metabolites, the epoxy-fatty acids (EpFA). The biological role of these metabolites has been found to mediate analgesia in several types of pain pathology. EpFA act through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms to limit pain and inflammation including nuclear receptor agonism, limiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and blocking mitochondrial dysfunction. Small molecule inhibitors of the soluble epoxide hydrolase can stabilize the EpFA in vivo, and this approach has demonstrated relief in preclinical modeled pain pathology. Moreover, the ability to block neuroinflammation extends the potential benefit of targeting soluble epoxide hydrolase to maintain EpFA for neuroprotection in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Aldrin Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cindy B McReynolds
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA.
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Fan L, Li L, Yu X, Liang Z, Cai T, Chen Y, Xu Y, Hu T, Wu L, Lin L. Jianpiyifei II Granules Suppress Apoptosis of Bronchial Epithelial Cells in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease via Inhibition of the Reactive Oxygen Species-Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Ca 2+ Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:581. [PMID: 32425799 PMCID: PMC7204496 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Jianpiyifei II granules (JPYF II), a herbal formula, are used for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine. The protective effects of JPYF II against bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis in mice exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) and apoptosis of human bronchial epithelial cell lines (BEAS-2B and 16-HBE) stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) were investigated. Mice were exposed to CS generated from four cigarettes/day for 30 days and administered a dose of JPYF II (0.75, 1.5, and 3 g/kg/d) from the 3rd week of CS exposure. In mice exposed to CS, JPYF II significantly inhibited CS-induced apoptosis and overexpression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related markers in bronchial epithelial cells of the lung tissues. In CSE-stimulated BEAS-2B and 16-HBE cells, JPYF II attenuated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Mechanistically, CSE initially induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which then triggered ER stress, leading to the release of Ca2+ from ER inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated stores and finally cell death. Treatment with JPYF II resulted in a significant reduction in CSE-induced apoptosis through interruption of the ROS-ER stress-Ca2+ signaling pathway. Therefore, the results of this study have revealed the underlying mechanism of action of JPYF II in the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhua Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanbin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinji Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Atone J, Wagner K, Hashimoto K, Hammock BD. Cytochrome P450 derived epoxidized fatty acids as a therapeutic tool against neuroinflammatory diseases. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 147:106385. [PMID: 31698143 PMCID: PMC7067627 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism of arachidonic acid (ARA) produces epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs) such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) that are known to exert protective effects in inflammatory disorders. Endogenous EpFAs are further metabolized into corresponding diols by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Through inhibition of sEH, many studies have demonstrated the cardioprotective and renoprotective effects of EpFAs; however, the role of sEH inhibition in modulating the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory disorders is less well described. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge surrounding the effects of sEH inhibition and EpFA action in neuroinflammatory disorders such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), stroke, depression, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), as well as the potential mechanisms that underlie the therapeutic effects of sEH inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogen Atone
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Karen Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
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17
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Zhang YF, Sun CC, Duan JX, Yang HH, Zhang CY, Xiong JB, Zhong WJ, Zu C, Guan XX, Jiang HL, Hammock BD, Hwang SH, Zhou Y, Guan CX. A COX-2/sEH dual inhibitor PTUPB ameliorates cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in mice via anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:109907. [PMID: 32114358 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid can be metabolized to prostaglandins and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cytochrome P450 (CYP), respectively. While protective EETs are degraded by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) very fast. We have reported that dual inhibition of COX-2 and sEH with specific inhibitor PTUPB shows anti-pulmonary fibrosis and renal protection. However, the effect of PTUPB on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis remains unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the protective effects of PTUPB against CLP-induced sepsis in mice and the underlying mechanisms. We found that COX-2 expressions were increased, while CYPs expressions were decreased in the liver, lung, and kidney of mice undergone CLP. PTUPB treatment significantly improved the survival rate, reduced the clinical scores and systemic inflammatory response, alleviated liver and kidney dysfunction, and ameliorated the multiple-organ injury of the mice with sepsis. Besides, PTUPB treatment reduced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in the liver, lung, and kidney of septic mice. Importantly, we found that PTUPB treatment suppressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the liver and lung of septic mice. Meanwhile, we found that PTUPB attenuated the oxidative stress, which contributed to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Altogether, our data, for the first time, demonstrate that dual inhibition of COX-2 and sEH with PTUPB ameliorates the multiple organ dysfunction in septic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Chen-Chen Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jia-Xi Duan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hui-Hui Yang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jian-Bing Xiong
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhong
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Cheng Zu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xin-Xin Guan
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Hui-Ling Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
| | - Cha-Xiang Guan
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
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18
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Song M, Peng H, Guo W, Luo M, Duan W, Chen P, Zhou Y. Cigarette Smoke Extract Promotes Human Lung Myofibroblast Differentiation by the Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Respiration 2019; 98:347-356. [DOI: 10.1159/000502099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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19
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Wan D, Yang J, McReynolds CB, Barnych B, Wagner KM, Morisseau C, Hwang SH, Sun J, Blöcher R, Hammock BD. In vitro and in vivo Metabolism of a Potent Inhibitor of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase, 1-(1-Propionylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)urea. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:464. [PMID: 31143115 PMCID: PMC6520522 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
1-(1-Propionylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)urea (TPPU) is a potent soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor that is used extensively in research for modulating inflammation and protecting against hypertension, neuropathic pain, and neurodegeneration. Despite its wide use in various animal disease models, the metabolism of TPPU has not been well-studied. A broader understanding of its metabolism is critical for determining contributions of metabolites to the overall safety and effectiveness of TPPU. Herein, we describe the identification of TPPU metabolites using LC-MS/MS strategies. Four metabolites of TPPU (M1–M4) were identified from rat urine by a sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method with double precursor ion scans. Their structures were further supported by LC-MS/MS comparison with synthesized standards. Metabolites M1 and M2 were formed from hydroxylation on a propionyl group of TPPU; M3 was formed by amide hydrolysis of the 1-propionylpiperdinyl group on TPPU; and M4 was formed by further oxidation of the hydroxylated metabolite M2. Interestingly, the predicted α-keto amide metabolite and 4-(trifluoromethoxy)aniline (metabolite from urea cleavage) were not detected by the LC-MRM-MS method. This indicates that if formed, the two potential metabolites represent <0.01% of TPPU metabolism. Species differences in the formation of these four identified metabolites was assessed using liver S9 fractions from dog, monkey, rat, mouse, and human. M1, M2, and M3 were generated in liver S9 fractions from all species, and higher amounts of M3 were generated in monkey S9 fractions compared to other species. In addition, rat and human S9 metabolism showed the highest species similarity based on the quantities of each metabolite. The presence of all four metabolites were confirmed in vivo in rats over 72-h post single oral dose of TPPU. Urine and feces were major routes for TPPU excretion. M1, M4 and parent drug were detected as major substances, and M2 and M3 were minor substances. In blood, M1 accounted for ~9.6% of the total TPPU-related exposure, while metabolites M2, M3, and M4 accounted for <0.4%. All four metabolites were potent inhibitors of human sEH but were less potent than the parent TPPU. In conclusion, TPPU is metabolized via oxidation and amide hydrolysis without apparent breakdown of the urea. The aniline metabolites were not observed either in vitro or in vivo. Our findings increase the confidence in the ability to translate preclinical PK of TPPU in rats to humans and facilitates the potential clinical development of TPPU and other sEH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Cindy B McReynolds
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bogdan Barnych
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Karen M Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - René Blöcher
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Heme Oxygenase-1 Reduces Sepsis-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Acute Lung Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:9413876. [PMID: 30013453 PMCID: PMC6022325 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9413876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis leads to severe acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) that is associated with enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an ER-anchored protein, exerts antioxidant and protective functions under ALI. However, the role of HO-1 activation in the development of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress during sepsis remains unknown. Methods Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model was created to induce septic ALI. Lung tissue ER stress was measured 18 hours after CLP. The effects of HO-1 on ER stress during septic ALI were investigated in vivo using HO-1 agonist hemin and antagonist ZnPP. Results Compared with the sham group, ER stress in septic lung increased significantly 18 hours after CLP, which was significantly reduced by pretreatment with the ER inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA). The lung injury score and the lung wet to dry (W/D) ratio in lungs were significantly reduced in septic rats after ER stress inhibition. Similarly, lung ER stress-related genes' (PERK, eIF2-α, ATF4, and CHOP) levels were attenuated after ER stress inhibition. Furthermore, HO-1 activation by hemin reduced p-PERK, p-eIF2-α, ATF4, and CHOP protein expression and oxidative stress and lung cell apoptosis. Additionally, HO-1 antagonist could aggregate the ER stress-related ALI. Conclusions ER stress was activated during CLP-induced ALI, which may represent a mechanism by which CLP induces ALI. HO-1 activation could inhibit CLP-induced lung ER stress and attenuate CLP-induced ALI.
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Vitexin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by controlling the Nrf2 pathway. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196405. [PMID: 29694408 PMCID: PMC5942793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major feature of acute lung injury (ALI) is excessive inflammation in the lung. Vitexin is an active component from medicinal plants which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Oxidative stress and inflammation play important roles in the pathophysiological processes in ALI. In the current study, we investigate the effect and potential mechanisms of Vitexin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. METHODS ALI was induced by LPS intratracheal instillation in C57BL/6 wild-type mice and Nrf2 gene knocked down (Nrf2-/-) mice. One hour before LPS challenge, Vitexin or vehicle intraperitoneal injection was performed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissues were examined for lung inflammation and injury at 24 h after LPS challenge. RESULTS Our animal study's results showed that LPS-induced recruitment of neutrophils and elevation of proinflammatory cytokine levels were attenuated by Vitexin treatment. Vitexin decreased lung edema and alveolar protein content. Moreover, Vitexin activated nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and increased the activity of its target gene heme oxygenase (HO)-1. The LPS-induced reactive oxygen species were inhibited by Vitexin. In addition, the activation of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat PYD-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was suppressed by Vitexin. However, these effects of Vitexin were abolished in the Nrf2-/- mice. Our cell studies showed that Vitexin enhanced the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 activity. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and IL-1β productions were reduced in Vitexin-treated cells. However, knockdown of Nrf2 by siRNA in RAW cells reversed the benefit of Vitexin. CONCLUSIONS Vitexin suppresses LPS-induced ALI by controlling Nrf2 pathway.
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22
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Mak SK, Yu CM, Sun WT, He GW, Liu XC, Yang Q. Tetramethylpyrazine suppresses angiotensin II-induced soluble epoxide hydrolase expression in coronary endothelium via anti-ER stress mechanism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 336:84-93. [PMID: 29066182 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is associated with endothelial dysfunction in hypertension, though the underlying mechanisms are inadequately understood and the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is yet to be studied in detail. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a major bioactive ingredient of Chinese herb Chuanxiong, is well-known for its cardiovascular benefits. Nevertheless, whether TMP may protect vascular endothelium from ER stress and whether regulation of sEH is involved remain unknown. This study aimed at investigating the role of ER stress in angiotensin-II (Ang-II)-induced sEH dysregulation and elucidating the significance of ER stress regulation in the vasoprotective effect of TMP. Porcine primary coronary artery endothelial cells (PCECs) were used for western blot, ELISA, and reverse-transcription PCR analysis. Porcine coronary arteries were assessed in a myograph for endothelial dilator function. Ang-II induced expression of ER stress molecules in PCECs meanwhile enhanced sEH expression and decreased 11,12-EET. Exposure of PCECs to the chemical ER stress inducer tunicamycin also increased sEH expression. Inhibition of ER stress suppressed sEH upregulation, resulting in an increase of 11,12-EET. The impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation induced by Ang-II or tunicamycin was ameliorated by inhibitors of ER stress or sEH. TMP showed comparable inhibitory effect to ER stress inhibitors on the expression of ER stress molecules, the dysregulation of sEH/EET, and the impairment of endothelial dilator function. We demonstrated that ER stress mediates Ang-II-induced sEH upregulation in coronary endothelium. TMP has potent anti-ER stress capacity through which TMP normalizes sEH expression and confers protective effect against Ang-II on endothelial function of coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Kwong Mak
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk-Man Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wen-Tao Sun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Guo-Wei He
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China.
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Prenyl-flavonoids from Epimedium koreanum Nakai and their soluble epoxide hydrolase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1975-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Inceoglu B, Bettaieb A, Haj FG, Gomes AV, Hammock BD. Modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress are key mechanisms for the wide-ranging actions of epoxy fatty acids and soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 133:68-78. [PMID: 28847566 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The arachidonic acid cascade is arguably the most widely known biologic regulatory pathway. Decades after the seminal discoveries involving its cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase branches, studies of this cascade remain an active area of research. The third and less widely known branch, the cytochrome P450 pathway leads to highly active oxygenated lipid mediators, epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), which are of similar potency to prostanoids and leukotrienes. Unlike the COX and LOX branches, no pharmaceuticals currently are marketed targeting the P450 branch. However, data support therapeutic benefits from modulating these regulatory lipid mediators. This is being approached by stabilizing or mimicking the EpFAs or even by altering the diet. These approaches lead to predominantly beneficial effects on a wide range of apparently unrelated states resulting in an enigma of how this small group of natural chemical mediators can have such diverse effects. EpFAs are degraded by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and stabilized by inhibiting this enzyme. In this review, we focus on interconnected aspects of reported mechanisms of action of EpFAs and inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEHI). The sEHI and EpFAs are commonly reported to maintain homeostasis under pathological conditions while remaining neutral under normal physiological conditions. Here we provide a conceptual framework for the unique and broad range of biological activities ascribed to epoxy fatty acids. We argue that their mechanism of action pivots on their ability to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, to reduce subsequent ROS formation and to block resulting cellular signaling cascades, primarily the endoplasmic reticulum stress. By stabilizing the mitochondrial - ROS - ER stress axis, the range of activity of EpFAs and sEHI display an overlap with the disease conditions including diabetes, fibrosis, chronic pain, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, for which the above outlined mechanisms play key roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Inceoglu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, United States; Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0840, United States.
| | - Fawaz G Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, CA 95616, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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25
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Mavangira V, Sordillo LM. Role of lipid mediators in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in dairy cattle. Res Vet Sci 2017; 116:4-14. [PMID: 28807478 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Periparturient dairy cows experience an increased incidence and severity of several inflammatory-based diseases such as mastitis and metritis. Factors associated with the physiological adaptation to the onset of lactation can impact the efficiency of the inflammatory response at a time when it is most needed to eliminate infectious pathogens that cause these economically important diseases. Oxidative stress, for example, occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of oxygen radicals during periods of high metabolic demand and the reduced capabilities of the host's antioxidant defenses. The progressive development of oxidative stress in early lactation cows is thought to be a significant underlying factor leading to dysfunctional inflammatory responses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also produced by leukocytes during inflammation resulting in positive feedback loops that can further escalate oxidative stress during the periparturient period. During oxidative stress, ROS can modify polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) associated with cellular membranes, resulting in the biosynthesis of oxidized products called oxylipids. Depending on the PUFA substrate and oxidation pathway, oxylipids have the capacity of either enhancing or resolving inflammation. In mediating their effects, oxylipids can directly or indirectly target sites of ROS production and thus control the degree of oxidative stress. This review discusses the evidence supporting the roles of oxylipids in the regulation of oxidative stress and the subsequent development of uncontrolled inflammatory responses. Further, the utility of some of the oxylipids as oxidative stress markers that can be exploited in developing and monitoring therapies for inflammatory-based diseases in dairy cattle is discussed. Understanding of the link between some oxylipids and the development or resolution of oxidative stress could provide novel therapeutic targets to limit immunopathology, reduce antibiotic usage, and optimize the resolution of inflammatory-based diseases in periparturient dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengai Mavangira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, United States
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, United States.
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26
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Zeng ZC, Chang Q, Sun ZW, Song MM, Jin XL, Jiang SY, Yang X. Detection of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection in Wheezing Infants by Urine DNA and Serum IgG Testing. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:1242-1246. [PMID: 28283676 PMCID: PMC5358860 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of CMV infection in wheezing infants and the association between CMV-DNA and immunoglobulins (Igs). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 243 wheezing infants and 3,000 parturients were enrolled in this study. The infants were randomly grouped to receive blood HCMV-DNA tests (n=46) or urine HCMV-DNA tests (n=197). Furthermore, all participants had serum CMV-specific IgM and IgG testing. Afterwards, 10 HCMV-IgG positive infants were randomly selected for simultaneous blood and urine HCMV-DNA tests, and 25 HCMV-IgG positive puerperants were randomly selected for urine HCMV-DNA tests. RESULTS The detection rate of urine HCMV-DNA was significantly higher than that of blood HCMV-DNA (67.5% vs. 13.0%, p<0.001). Fifteen (6.2%) and 190 (80.0%) infants showed positive CMV-specific IgM and IgG results (p<0.001), respectively. Among the 10 HCMV-IgG positive infants tested further, only two infants had positive HCMV-DNA blood tests, while all of the 10 infants had positive HCMV-DNA urine tests. However, HCMV-DNA was not detected in the urine of the 25 randomly selected parturients positive for HCMV-IgG. CONCLUSIONS CMV infection may be one of the causes of wheezing in infants; CMV infection can be detected by urine-HCMV-DNA and serum HCMV-IgG testing. Infants were more susceptible to CMV infection than parturients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Cheng Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, No.101 Hospital of the PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuxi No. 8 People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi-Wei Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, No.101 Hospital of the PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ming-Mei Song
- Department of Pediatrics, No.101 Hospital of the PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xin-Ling Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, No.101 Hospital of the PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Shu-Ya Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, No.101 Hospital of the PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, No.101 Hospital of the PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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27
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Yang L, Cheriyan J, Gutterman DD, Mayer RJ, Ament Z, Griffin JL, Lazaar AL, Newby DE, Tal-Singer R, Wilkinson IB. Mechanisms of Vascular Dysfunction in COPD and Effects of a Novel Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor in Smokers. Chest 2016; 151:555-563. [PMID: 27884766 PMCID: PMC5332206 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking and COPD are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and the pathogenesis may involve endothelial dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that endothelium-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET)-mediated endothelial function is impaired in patients with COPD and that a novel soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, GSK2256294, attenuates EET-mediated endothelial dysfunction in human resistance vessels both in vitro and in vivo. Methods Endogenous and stimulated endothelial release of EETs was assessed in 12 patients with COPD, 11 overweight smokers, and two matched control groups, using forearm plethysmography with intraarterial infusions of fluconazole, bradykinin, and the combination. The effects of GSK2256294 on EET-mediated vasodilation in human resistance arteries were assessed in vitro and in vivo in a phase I clinical trial in healthy overweight smokers. Results Compared with control groups, there was reduced vasodilation with bradykinin (P = .005), a blunted effect of fluconazole on bradykinin-induced vasodilation (P = .03), and a trend toward reduced basal EET/dihydroxyepoxyeicosatrienoic acid ratio in patients with COPD (P = .08). A similar pattern was observed in overweight smokers. In vitro, 10 μM GSK2256294 increased 11,12-EET-mediated vasodilation compared with vehicle (90% ± 4.2% vs 72.6% ± 6.2% maximal dilatation) and shifted the bradykinin half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) (–8.33 ± 0.172 logM vs –8.10 ± 0.118 logM; P = .001 for EC50). In vivo, 18 mg GSK2256294 improved the maximum bradykinin response from 338% ± 46% before a dose to 566% ± 110% after a single dose (P = .02) and to 503% ± 123% after a chronic dose (P = .003). Conclusions GSK2256294 attenuates smoking-related EET-mediated endothelial dysfunction, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits in patients with COPD. Trial Registry ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01762774; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Yang
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics (EMIT), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England
| | - Joseph Cheriyan
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics (EMIT), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England; Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, England; Clinical Unit Cambridge, GSK R&D, Cambridge, England.
| | - David D Gutterman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Zsuzsanna Ament
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Jules L Griffin
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | | | - David E Newby
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | - Ian B Wilkinson
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics (EMIT), University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England; Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, England
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28
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Li Y, Yu G, Yuan S, Tan C, Xie J, Ding Y, Lian P, Fu L, Hou Q, Xu B, Wang H. 14,15-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid suppresses cigarette smoke condensate-induced inflammation in lung epithelial cells by inhibiting autophagy. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L970-L980. [PMID: 27591243 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00161.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are metabolic products of free arachidonic acid, which are produced through cytochrome P-450 (CYP) epoxygenases. EETs have anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidative activities. However, the effect of EETs on cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation is not clear. Autophagy is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In addition, nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor that regulates many antioxidant genes, is thought to regulate antioxidant defenses in several lung diseases. In addition, interaction between EETs, autophagy, and Nrf2 has been reported. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of 14,15-EET on cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-induced inflammation in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (Beas-2B), and to determine whether the underlying mechanisms involved in the regulation of Nrf2 through inhibition of autophagy. Autophagy and expression of autophagy signaling pathway proteins (LC3B, p62, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, and p-mTOR) and anti-inflammatory proteins (Nrf2 and HO-1) were assessed via Western blot analysis. Autophagosomes and autolysosomes were detected by adenoviral mRFP-GFP-LC3 transfection. Inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1) were detected by ELISA. Lentiviral vectors carrying p62 short hairpin RNA were used to interfere with p62 expression to evaluate the effect of p62 on Nrf2 expression. Nrf2 expression was determined through immunocytochemistry. 14,15-EET treatment resulted in a significant reduction in IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretion, and increased accumulation of Nrf2 and expression of HO-1. In addition, 14,15-EET inhibited CSC-induced autophagy in Beas-2B cells. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of 14,15-EET involved inhibition of autophagy and an increase in p62 levels, followed by translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus, which then upregulated expression of the antioxidant enzyme HO-1. 14,15-EET protects against CSC-induced lung inflammation by promoting accumulation of Nrf2 via inhibition of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Ganggang Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Shaopeng Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunting Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Jianlin Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yasi Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Puqiao Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lixia Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Haoyan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and
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29
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Zhou Y, Yang J, Sun GY, Liu T, Duan JX, Zhou HF, Lee KS, Hammock BD, Fang X, Jiang JX, Guan CX. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3- (1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 363:399-409. [PMID: 26310139 PMCID: PMC4738109 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), the metabolites of arachidonic acid derived from the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) epoxygenases, are mainly metabolized by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to their corresponding diols. EETs but not their diols, have anti-inflammatory properties and inhibition of sEH might provide protective effects against inflammatory fibrosis. We test the effects of a selected sEH inhibitor, 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU), on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in mice. A mouse model of PF was established by intratracheal injection of bleomycin and TPPU was administered for 21 days after bleomycin injection. We found TPPU treatment improved the body weight loss and survival rate of bleomycin-stimulated mice. Histological examination showed that TPPU treatment alleviated bleomycin-induced inflammation and maintained the alveolar structure of the pulmonary tissues. TPPU also decreased the bleomycin-induced deposition of collagen and the expression of procollagen I mRNA in lung tissues of mice. TPPU decreased the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 levels in the serum of bleomycin-stimulated mice. Furthermore, TPPU inhibited the proliferation and collagen synthesis of mouse fibroblasts and partially reversed TGF-β1-induced α-smooth muscle actin expression. Our results indicate that the inhibition of sEH attenuates bleomycin-induced inflammation and collagen deposition and therefore prevents bleomycin-induced PF in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Guo-Ying Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xi Duan
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Fang Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Kin Sing Lee
- Department of Entomology and the UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and the UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jian-Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cha-Xiang Guan
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide prevents renal ischemia reperfusion injury via counteracting oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16910. [PMID: 26603550 PMCID: PMC4658483 DOI: 10.1038/srep16910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide (GLPP) scavenges oxygen free radicals
that are a key factor in the pathogenesis of renal ischemia reperfusion injury
(RIRI). The aim of this study was to determine whether GLPP could attenuate RIRI by
counteracting the oxidative stress. The mechanism involved was assessed by an in
vivo mouse RIRI model and an in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation model,
and tunicamycin-stimulated NRK-52E cells were used to explore the GLPP-mediated
alleviation of ER stress. Experimental results showed that renal dysfunction and
morphological damage were reduced in GLPP-treated group. The imbalance of redox
status was reversed and production of ROS was reduced by GLPP. RIRI-induced
mitochondrial- and ER stress-dependent apoptosis were dramatically inhibited in
GLPP-treated group. Intriguingly, JNK activation in the kidney with RIRI or
hypoxia/reoxygenation was inhibited by GLPP. These results suggest that the
protective effect of GLPP against RIRI may be due to reducing oxidative stress,
alleviating the mitochondrial and ER stress-dependent apoptosis caused by excessive
ROS.
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31
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Liu JY, Tsai HJ, Morisseau C, Lango J, Hwang SH, Watanabe T, Kim IH, Hammock BD. In vitro and in vivo metabolism of N-adamantyl substituted urea-based soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:718-31. [PMID: 26494425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
N,N'-disubstituted urea-based soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors are promising therapeutics for hypertension, inflammation, and pain in multiple animal models. The drug absorption and pharmacological efficacy of these inhibitors have been reported extensively. However, the drug metabolism of these inhibitors is not well described. Here we reported the metabolic profile and associated biochemical studies of an N-adamantyl urea-based sEH inhibitor 1-adamantan-1-yl-3-(5-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)pentyl)urea (AEPU) in vitro and in vivo. The metabolites of AEPU were identified by interpretation of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and/or NMR. In vitro, AEPU had three major positions for phase I metabolism including oxidations on the adamantyl moiety, urea nitrogen atoms, and cleavage of the polyethylene glycol chain. In a rodent model, the metabolites from the hydroxylation on the adamantyl group and nitrogen atom were existed in blood while the metabolites from cleavage of polyethylene glycol chain were not found in urine. The major metabolite found in rodent urine was 3-(3-adamantyl-ureido)-propanoic acid, a presumably from cleavage and oxidation of the polyethylene glycol moiety. All the metabolites found were active but less potent than AEPU at inhibiting human sEH. Furthermore, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 was found to be a major enzyme mediating AEPU metabolism. In conclusion, the metabolism of AEPU resulted from oxidation by CYP could be shared with other N-adamantyl-urea-based compounds. These findings suggest possible therapeutic roles for AEPU and new strategies for drug design in this series of possible drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Liu
- Center for Nephrology and Clinical Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 210072, PR China; Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hsing-Ju Tsai
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jozsef Lango
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Takaho Watanabe
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - In-Hae Kim
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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