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Marques CC, Palmeira L, Castilho P, Rodrigues D, Mayr A, Pina TS, Pereira AT, Castelo-Branco M, Goss K. Online Compassion Focused Therapy for overeating: Feasibility and acceptability pilot study. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:410-422. [PMID: 38124655 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This pilot study aims to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of online Compassion Focused Therapy for overeating (CFT-OE). METHOD Eighteen Portuguese women seeking treatment for overeating were enrolled in this study, and 15 participants completed the CFT-OE. This was a single-arm study. Participants were assessed at pre- and post-intervention and 3-month follow-up. All participants completed measures assessing binge eating, cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, general eating psychopathology, general and body shame, self-criticism, self-compassion, and fears of self-compassion. RESULTS The treatment attrition rate was 16.7%, which is relatively low compared to other similar online interventions. Participants gave positive feedback on the program and indicated they would recommend it to people with similar difficulties. CFT-OE improved self-compassion and reduced eating psychopathology symptoms, general and body shame, self-criticism, and fears of self-compassion. Clinical significance analysis showed that the majority of participants were classified as in recovery in all measures at post-intervention and 3-month follow-up. DISCUSSION Preliminary results suggest that the online CFT-OE program is an acceptable and feasible intervention. Results also suggest that CFT-OE is beneficial for the treatment of women with difficulties with overeating. A future randomized controlled trial is necessary to establish the effectiveness of the CFT-OE. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE This study indicates that online CFT-OE is a feasible and adequate intervention for women who struggle with overeating. This therapy showed promising results in reducing eating disorder symptoms, shame, and self-criticism and improving self-compassion. As an online intervention, CFT-OE may be more accessible and offer an alternative to in-person therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana C Marques
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Psychological Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lara Palmeira
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Portucalense Psychology Institute (I2P), Portucalense University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Castilho
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dírcea Rodrigues
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreas Mayr
- Department of Medical Biometrics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tiago Soares Pina
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Telma Pereira
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Psychological Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Kenneth Goss
- Coventry & Warwickshire Partnership Trust, Coventry Eating Disorder Service, Coventry, UK
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Zhou H, Wu AMS, Su X, Chang L, Chen JH, Zhang MX, Tong KK. Childhood environment and adulthood food addiction: Testing the multiple mediations of life history strategies and attitudes toward self. Appetite 2023; 182:106448. [PMID: 36608768 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Food addiction is associated with both physical and mental health conditions, such as obesity and depression, and is considered a public health problem. Based on life history (LH) theory, this study aimed to test the association between unpredictable childhood environment and food addiction in adulthood and to examine LH strategies and attitudes toward self as psychological mediators of this association. A random sample of 1010 adults, aged from 18 to 88 years (44.8% male; Mage = 38.52, SDage = 14.53), voluntarily participated in an anonymous telephone survey conducted in Macao, China. The results of a path analysis showed the significant and positive direct effect of childhood unpredictability on food addiction and its negative association with slow LH strategy, which in turn was negatively correlated with food addiction. In addition, slow LH strategy and self-judgment, rather than self-kindness, acted as serial mediators in the association between childhood unpredictability and food addiction. These findings support the applicability of LH theory to understanding food addiction, as well as pointing to the potential risk effect of self-judgment for food addiction in adulthood. Self-judgment reduction may be a potential supplementary approach for future food addiction intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Juliet Honglei Chen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Meng Xuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Humanities, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kwok Kit Tong
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Colman RD, Vione KC, Kotera Y. Psychological risk factors for depression in the UK general population: derailment, self-criticism and self-reassurance. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2022.2110214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rory D. Colman
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Katia C. Vione
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Yasuhiro Kotera
- Institute of Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Hadwen BB, He JB, Funk C, McKinney K, Wilk P. Association between accuracy of weight perception and life satisfaction among adults with and without anxiety and mood disorders: a cross-sectional study of the 2015-2018 Canadian Community Health Survey. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022:6572299. [PMID: 35460257 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight status and weight perception have a significant impact on life satisfaction. As overweight prevalence increases in Canada, it is important to understand how accuracy of weight perception (AWP) is associated with life satisfaction. This study explored the association between AWP and life satisfaction among Canadian adults with and without anxiety and/or mood disorders. METHODS Using data from the 2015-2018 cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey, an indicator of AWP was created to capture concordance between perceived weight and actual weight status. Univariate and multivariate Gaussian generalized linear models were assessed while stratifying by sex and presence of anxiety and/or mood disorders. RESULTS Our sample included 88 814 males and 106 717 females. For both sexes, perceiving oneself as overweight or underweight, regardless of actual weight status, was associated with lower life satisfaction (β = -0.93 to -0.30), compared to those who accurately perceived their weight as 'just about right'. Perceiving oneself as overweight or underweight was associated with more pronounced differences in life satisfaction scores in those with anxiety and/or mood disorders (β = -1.49 to -0.26) than in those without these disorders (β = -0.76 to -0.25). CONCLUSION Weight perception is more indicative of life satisfaction than actual weight status, especially in those with anxiety and/or mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brook B Hadwen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London N6G 2M1, Canada
| | - Jennifer B He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London N6G 2M1, Canada
| | - Celine Funk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London N6G 2M1, Canada
| | - Kelly McKinney
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London N6G 2M1, Canada
| | - Piotr Wilk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London N6G 2M1, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London N6A 5W9, Canada.,Child Health Research Institute, London N6C 2V5, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London N6C 2R5, Canada.,ICES, London N6A 5W9, Canada.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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5
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Marques MM, Matos M, Mattila E, Encantado J, Duarte C, Teixeira PJ, Stubbs RJ, Sniehotta FF, Ermes M, Harjumaa M, Leppänen J, Välkkynen P, Silva MN, Ferreira C, Carvalho S, Palmeira L, Horgan G, Heitmann BL, Evans EH, Palmeira AL. A Theory- and Evidence-Based Digital Intervention Tool for Weight Loss Maintenance (NoHoW Toolkit): Systematic Development and Refinement Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e25305. [PMID: 34870602 PMCID: PMC8686406 DOI: 10.2196/25305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many weight loss programs show short-term effectiveness, but subsequent weight loss maintenance is difficult to achieve. Digital technologies offer a promising means of delivering behavior change approaches at low costs and on a wide scale. The Navigating to a Healthy Weight (NoHoW) project, which was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, aimed to develop, test, and evaluate a digital toolkit designed to promote successful long-term weight management. The toolkit was tested in an 18-month, large-scale, international, 2×2 factorial (motivation and self-regulation vs emotion regulation) randomized controlled trial that was conducted on adults with overweight or obesity who lost ≥5% of their body weight in the preceding 12 months before enrollment into the intervention. Objective This paper aims to describe the development of the NoHoW Toolkit, focusing on the logic models, content, and specifications, as well as the results from user testing. Methods The toolkit was developed by using a systematic approach, which included the development of the theory-based logic models, the selection of behavior change techniques, the translation of these techniques into a web-based app (NoHoW Toolkit components), technical development, and the user evaluation and refinement of the toolkit. Results The toolkit included a set of web-based tools and inputs from digital tracking devices (smart scales and activity trackers) and modules that targeted weight, physical activity, and dietary behaviors. The final toolkit comprised 34 sessions that were distributed through 15 modules and provided active content over a 4-month period. The motivation and self-regulation arm consisted of 8 modules (17 sessions), the emotion regulation arm was presented with 7 modules (17 sessions), and the combined arm received the full toolkit (15 modules; 34 sessions). The sessions included a range of implementations, such as videos, testimonies, and questionnaires. Furthermore, the toolkit contained 5 specific data tiles for monitoring weight, steps, healthy eating, mood, and sleep. Conclusions A systematic approach to the development of digital solutions based on theory, evidence, and user testing may significantly contribute to the advancement of the science of behavior change and improve current solutions for sustained weight management. Testing the toolkit by using a 2×2 design provided a unique opportunity to examine the effect of motivation and self-regulation and emotion regulation separately, as well as the effect of their interaction in weight loss maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta M Marques
- CIPER -Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marcela Matos
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elina Mattila
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jorge Encantado
- CIPER -Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Duarte
- School of Education, Language and Psychology, York St John University, York, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro J Teixeira
- CIPER -Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R James Stubbs
- School of Education, Language and Psychology, York St John University, York, United Kingdom
| | - Falko F Sniehotta
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,NIHR Policy Research Unit Behavioural Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Twente, Netherlands
| | - Miikka Ermes
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marja Harjumaa
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Juha Leppänen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Pasi Välkkynen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marlene N Silva
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física e Saúde, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Ferreira
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Carvalho
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab, School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lara Palmeira
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section for General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - António L Palmeira
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física e Saúde, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
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Navarrete J, Herrero R, Soler J, Domínguez-Clavé E, Baños R, Cebolla A. Assessing self-criticism and self-reassurance: Examining psychometric properties and clinical usefulness of the Short-Form of the Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS-SF) in Spanish sample. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252089. [PMID: 34029355 PMCID: PMC8143420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS) was designed to measure self-criticism (SC) through Inadequate Self (IS) and Hated Self (HS) factors, as well as self-reassurance (RS). However, its long and short forms have yet to be validated in the Spanish Population. The present study examines the psychometric properties of the short form (FSCRS-SF) and its clinical usefulness in a sample of 576 adult individuals, 77 with psychiatric disorders and 499 without. Non-clinical participants were split according to their previous experience with meditation (active meditators, n = 133; non-active meditators, n = 41; and non-meditators, n = 325) and differences between these subgroups were explored. Additionally, a subsample of 20 non-clinical participants took part in a mindfulness- and compassion- based intervention (MCBI) to assess the usefulness of the scale as an outcome measure. Results confirmed the original three-factorial structure, good internal consistency, acceptable test-retest reliability, and a pattern of correlations consistent with previous literature. Regarding differences between groups, the clinical subsample showed significant higher SC and lower RS levels than non-clinical participants and active meditators had significant lower IS and higher RS levels than non-meditators. Participants who participated in the MCBI showed significant RS improvement and a decrease in IS and HS levels. Moreover, a hierarchical multiple regression showed that RS made a significant predictive contribution to distress at three months’ time. In conclusion, results show that the Spanish version of the FSCRS-SF is a reliable and valid measure of SC and RS in non-clinical populations and an adequate instrument to detect changes after MCBIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Navarrete
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Soler
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Domínguez-Clavé
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ausiàs Cebolla
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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"I didn't want to do it on my own": A qualitative study of women's perceptions of facilitating and risk factors for weight control on a UK commercial community program. Appetite 2021; 165:105308. [PMID: 34010725 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity remain serious public health concerns. Outcomes from community based commercial weight management programmes vary, relapse is common and drop out is high. Outcomes could be improved by better understanding experiences on these programmes. The aim of our study was to generate accounts of people's experience on a commercial weight-management program to identify what experiences were perceived as facilitating, and what posed risks, to programme effectiveness and compliance. We conducted individual, semi-structured interviews with eighteen Caucasian women (mean age 45.4y) who were members of nation-wide UK commercial, fee-paying, community weight management programme. Interview data was analysed via framework analysis. Participants' experiences indicated that the programme helped by triggering several intra- and interpersonal processes that catalysed change across psychological, physiological, dietary and behavioural areas of their life. Risks to program adherence and effectiveness spanned well-known risks such as self-regulation fatigue and the difficulty of recovering from negative self-criticism, as well as new factors such as the confusing nature of weight change, the relatively powerful impact of everyday events, and the difficulty in getting the balance right between personalised support vs. intrusion. The complexity of reported experiences challenges the linear, predictive pathways of change proposed by many health behaviour models of weight management. To improve effectiveness, programmes need to go well beyond behavioural and dietary support. It is recommended that community, commercial programmes educate people about the physiological and psychological tensions they will encounter, why people lose weight at different rates, the likelihood of weight relapse and strategies to manage these, including evidence-based support for managing self-criticism.
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8
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Physical Activity and Anxiety of Chinese University Students: Mediation of Self-System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094468. [PMID: 33922351 PMCID: PMC8122769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the role of self-enhancement and self-criticism in the relationship between physical activity and anxiety. A total of 305 students from Chinese universities, ranging in age from 18 to 36, completed a questionnaire package comprising a physical activity questionnaire, a self-enhancement strategies scale, a level of self-criticism scale, and a short form of state and trait anxiety scale. Findings highlighted that physical activity had a significant negative correlation with anxiety (r = −0.31, p < 0.01), a significant positive association with self-enhancement (r = 0.43, p < 0.01), and a significant negative relationship with self-criticism (r = −0.14, p < 0.05). It was also found that anxiety was significantly predicted by self-enhancement (−0.21, p < 0.01) and self-criticism (0.44, p < 0.01). Moreover, the mediation model supports the mediation of self-enhancement and self-criticism between physical activity and anxiety in university students. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at promoting physical activity and enhancing the self-system should be worthy strategies for reducing students’ anxiety.
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O'Neill C, Pratt D, Kilshaw M, Ward K, Kelly J, Haddock G. The relationship between self-criticism and suicide probability. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 28:1445-1456. [PMID: 33847028 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of self-to-self relating and suicide has received attention in explanatory models of suicide. However, exploration of specific types of self-relationships, namely feelings of inadequacy (associated with perfectionism), self-attacking and the ability to be kind and nurturing towards the self has received limited attention in a suicidal population. The present study assessed the relative contribution of self-criticism to suicide probability, alongside established predictors of suicidal ideation; hopelessness, depression, defeat and entrapment. Participants completed measures of inadequacy, self-attacking, self-reassurance, defeat, entrapment, depression and hopelessness (N = 101). A correlation, regression and mediation analysis was undertaken. Results demonstrated that self-attacking has a direct relationship with suicide probability, alongside established predictors; entrapment and hopelessness. Depressive symptomology was not found to be a significant predictor of suicide probability in this population. Addressing particularly hostile forms of self-criticism may be a promising area in terms of future research and clinical practice. Entrapment continues to be a significant predictor of suicide risk and interventions that target this experience should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine O'Neill
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, England, UK
| | - Daniel Pratt
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, England, UK
| | - Meryl Kilshaw
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, England, UK
| | - Kate Ward
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, England, UK
| | - James Kelly
- Early Intervention in Psychosis Team, Lancashire Care NHS Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Gillian Haddock
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, England, UK
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10
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Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of forms of self-criticizing/attacking and self-reassuring scale (FSCRS) in clinical and non-clinical samples. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Kim JJ, Henderson T, Best T, Cunnington R, Kirby JN. Neural and Self-Report Markers of Reassurance: A Generalized Additive Modelling Approach. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:566141. [PMID: 33173515 PMCID: PMC7538506 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.566141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that engaging in self-reassurance, a compassionately motivated cognitive relating style, can down-regulate neural markers of threat and pain. Whilst important, the relationship between neural and self-report markers of reassurance are largely unknown. Here we analyzed previously published fMRI data which measured neural responses when participants engaged in self-reassurance toward a mistake, setback, or failure. Within the present paper, we identified correlations between regions of interest extracted during self-reassurance with fMRI and self-report data. Using generalized additive modelling, we show that participants with greater inadequate forms of self-criticism exhibited greater neural activation within the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and anterior insula (AI). Furthermore, a relationship between greater fears of expressing compassion to the self and neural activation within the MPFC returned non-significant after correction for multiple comparisons. No significant relationships were observed between brain activation and hated and reassuring forms of self-criticism. Our results identify preliminary evidence for neural activity during self-reassurance as correlated with self-report markers, and we outline a method for modelling neural and self-report data which can be applied to future studies in compassion science, particularly with a clinical sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Kim
- Compassionate Mind Research Group, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Talitha Best
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross Cunnington
- Compassionate Mind Research Group, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James N Kirby
- Compassionate Mind Research Group, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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12
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Duarte C, Gilbert P, Stalker C, Catarino F, Basran J, Scott S, Horgan G, Stubbs RJ. Effect of adding a compassion-focused intervention on emotion, eating and weight outcomes in a commercial weight management programme. J Health Psychol 2019; 26:1700-1715. [PMID: 31804147 DOI: 10.1177/1359105319890019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether adding a compassion-focused light touch digital intervention into a commercial multicomponent weight management programme improved eating behaviour, self-evaluation and weight-related outcomes. The compassion intervention significantly reduced binge eating symptomatology and dropout, and improved psychological adjustment and self-evaluation, but did not affect weight outcomes. Compassion, self-reassurance and reductions in shame and self-criticism mediated the effect of the intervention on reductions of binge eating symptomatology. Negative self-evaluation, binge eating symptomatology, susceptibility to hunger and eating guilt were significant predictors of dropout. Findings suggest that compassion-based digital tools may help participants better manage binge eating symptomatology and self-evaluation in weight management interventions.
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Duarte C, Stubbs JR, Gilbert P, Stalker C, Catarino F, Basran J, Horgan G, Morris L. The Weight-Focused Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and associations with control, loss of control of eating and weight in overweight and obese women. Psychol Psychother 2019; 92:539-553. [PMID: 30134018 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Weight-Focused Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale (WFSCRS) is based on the original Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCSRS; Gilbert et al., 2004, British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 31) and assesses the inadequate and hated forms of self-criticism and the ability to self-reassure when coping with attempts to control body weight, shape, and eating. The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure, consistency, and reliability of the WFSCRS in overweight and obese women. METHODS The factorial structure of the WFSCRS was examined through a confirmatory factor analysis in 724 overweight and obese women participating in a commercial weight management programme. The scale's construct and convergent validity were also examined. RESULTS The WFSCRS had a three-factor structure, similar to the FSCSRS, which fitted the data well. The WFSCRS had high internal reliability, construct, and discriminant validity. The scale was positively associated with measures of shame, body image, eating-related difficulties, symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress, and body mass index (BMI). The two forms of self-criticism were significantly associated with higher BMI, and this effect was mediated by increased loss of control over eating (for both forms) and decreased flexible control over eating (for the hated self form). CONCLUSIONS The WFSCRS is a valid measure for assessing self-reassurance and two denigratory forms (inadequate self and hated self) of self-criticism in people who are overweight and obese. PRACTITIONER POINTS The WFSCRS was developed to measure weight/shape and eating-related self-criticism and self-reassurance. The WFSCRS was examined in a large sample of overweight and obese women attending a community-based weight management programme. The WFSCRS presented a three-factor structure measuring two forms of self-criticism (inadequate self and hated self) and the ability to be self-reassuring. The two forms of self-criticism and self-reassurance are differentially associated with BMI, through the mediating effect of loss of control over eating and flexible control over eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Duarte
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - James R Stubbs
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Gilbert
- College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, UK
| | - Carol Stalker
- College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, UK
| | | | - Jaskaran Basran
- College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, UK
| | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Aberdeen, UK
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Scott SE, Duarte C, Encantado J, Evans EH, Harjumaa M, Heitmann BL, Horgan GW, Larsen SC, Marques MM, Mattila E, Matos M, Mikkelsen ML, Palmeira AL, Pearson B, Ramsey L, Sainsbury K, Santos I, Sniehotta F, Stalker C, Teixeira PJ, Stubbs RJ. The NoHoW protocol: a multicentre 2×2 factorial randomised controlled trial investigating an evidence-based digital toolkit for weight loss maintenance in European adults. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029425. [PMID: 31575569 PMCID: PMC6773359 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and associated diseases place a severe burden on healthcare systems. Behavioural interventions for weight loss (WL) are successful in the short term but often result in weight regain over time. Self-regulation of eating and activity behaviours may significantly enhance weight loss maintenance (WLM) and may be effectively augmented by contextual behavioural approaches to emotion regulation. The NoHoW trial tests the efficacy of a theoretically informed, evidence-based digital toolkit using a mobile-enabled website, activity trackers and Wi-Fi scales for WLM aiming to target (1) self-regulation and motivation, and (2) emotion regulation in adults who achieved clinically significant (≥5%) WL in the previous 12 months (initial body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2). METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study is an 18-month, 3-centre, 2×2 factorial single-blind, randomised controlled trial, which recruited 1627 participants achieving ≥5% WL between March 2017 and March 2018. Participants are randomly allocated to one of four arms: (1) self-monitoring only (self-weighing and activity tracker), (2) self-regulation and motivation, (3) emotion regulation or (4) combined self-regulation, motivation and emotion regulation. Participants attend four clinical investigation days at 0, 6, 12 and 18 months and are instructed to use the digital toolkit for 18 weeks during the first 6 months and at their discretion for the remaining 12 months. The primary outcome is change in weight (kg) at 12 months from baseline. Secondary outcomes are body composition (eg, bioimpedance analysis), health biomarkers (glycated haemoglobin, lipids, blood pressure, hair cortisol), dietary intake, physical activity, sleep, motivational, self-regulatory, emotion regulatory moderators/mediators of WLM, engagement, user experience, acceptability and cost-effectiveness of the interventions. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was granted by Institutional Ethics Committees at the Universities of Leeds (17-0082; 27 February 2017), Lisbon (17/2016; 20 February 2017) and Capital Region of Denmark (H-16030495, 8 March 2017). Results will be published in scientific journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN88405328.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ellen Scott
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Cristiana Duarte
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Encantado
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elizabeth H Evans
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marja Harjumaa
- VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Parker Institut, Frederiksberg, The Capital Region, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Parker Institut, Frederiksberg, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Marta Moreira Marques
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Trinity Centre for Practice and Healthcare Innovation & ADAPT Centre, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, UK
| | - Elina Mattila
- VTT, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marcela Matos
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marie-Louise Mikkelsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Parker Institut, Frederiksberg, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | | | - Beth Pearson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lauren Ramsey
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kirby Sainsbury
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Inês Santos
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Falko Sniehotta
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carol Stalker
- College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - P J Teixeira
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R James Stubbs
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Kotera Y, Gilbert P, Asano K, Ishimura I, Sheffield D. Self‐criticism and self‐reassurance as mediators between mental health attitudes and symptoms: Attitudes toward mental health problems in Japanese workers. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kotera
- Human Sciences Research Centre University of Derby Derby United Kingdom
| | - Paul Gilbert
- Human Sciences Research Centre University of Derby Derby United Kingdom
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Department of Psychological Counseling Mejiro University Tokyo Japan
| | - Ikuo Ishimura
- Department of Clinical Psychology Tokyo Seitoku University Tokyo Japan
| | - David Sheffield
- Human Sciences Research Centre University of Derby Derby United Kingdom
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