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Elahi R, Nazari M, Mohammadi V, Esmaeilzadeh K, Esmaeilzadeh A. IL-17 in type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) immunopathogenesis and complications; molecular approaches. Mol Immunol 2024; 171:66-76. [PMID: 38795686 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has long been considered the characteristic feature of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Immunopathogenesis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are considered the central drivers of the inflammatory cascade leading to β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR), two major pathologic events contributing to T2DM. Analyzing the cytokine profile of T2DM patients has also introduced interleukin-17 (IL-17) as an upstream regulator of inflammation, regarding its role in inducing the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In diabetic tissues, IL-17 induces the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Hence, IL-17 can deteriorate insulin signaling and β-cell function by activating the JNK pathway and inducing infiltration of neutrophils into pancreatic islets, respectively. Additionally, higher levels of IL-17 expression in patients with diabetic complications compared to non-complicated individuals have also proposed a role for IL-17 in T2DM complications. Here, we highlight the role of IL-17 in the Immunopathogenesis of T2DM and corresponding pathways, recent advances in preclinical and clinical studies targeting IL-17 in T2DM, and corresponding challenges and possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Elahi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahdis Nazari
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Vahid Mohammadi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Kimia Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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2
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Li J, Zhao T, Sun Y. Interleukin-17A in diabetic retinopathy: The crosstalk of inflammation and angiogenesis. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116311. [PMID: 38788958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe ocular complication of diabetes which can leads to irreversible vision loss in its late-stage. Chronic inflammation results from long-term hyperglycemia contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of DR. In recent years, the interleukin-17 (IL-17) family have attracted the interest of researchers. IL-17A is the most widely explored cytokine in IL-17 family, involved in various acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Growing body of evidence indicate the role of IL-17A in the pathogenesis of DR. However, the pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effect of IL-17A in DR have not hitherto been reviewed. Gaining an understanding of the pro-inflammatory role of IL-17A, and how IL-17A control/impact angiogenesis pathways in the eye will deepen our understanding of how IL-17A contributes to DR pathogenesis. Herein, we aimed to thoroughly review the pro-inflammatory role of IL-17A in DR, with focus in how IL-17A impact inflammation and angiogenesis crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tantai Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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3
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Ding Y, Chen L, Xu J, Liu Q. NR2E3 inhibits the inflammation and apoptosis in diabetic retinopathy by regulating the AHR/IL-17A signaling pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03213-5. [PMID: 38884674 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, and it is the primary cause of blindness in the working-age population worldwide. Nevertheless, the pathogenic molecular mechanisms of DR remain elusive. Hub genes were identified through bioinformatics analysis in the GSE102485 and GSE60436 datasets. The DR mouse model was induced using streptozotocin (STZ, 150 mg/kg), and pathological changes in retinal tissue were assessed via HE staining. Apoptosis in retinal tissue cells was evaluated by the TUNEL assay. RT-qPCR and ELISA assays were employed to measure hub genes and inflammatory factor levels, respectively. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)/interleukin (IL)-17A (AHR/IL-17A) pathway-associated proteins were detected by western blot. In the high glucose (HG)-induced ARPE-19 cells, CCK-8 and flow cytometry were used to perform cell function studies. Six hub genes associated with DR were screened. The expression levels of RHO, PRPH2, CRX, RCVRN, and NR2E3 were reduced, while the COL1A2 was elevated. NR2E3 overexpression reduced inflammatory factor (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and cell apoptosis levels in DR. Furthermore, NR2E3 overexpression promoted HG-induced ARPE-19 cell proliferation. Mechanistically, NR2E3 overexpression facilitated the protein expression of AHR, while suppressing the IL-17 and ACT1 expressions. The introduction of Kyn-101, an AHR inhibitor, notably reversed the inhibitory effects of NR2E3 overexpression on inflammation and apoptosis, which were validated both in vivo and in vitro. NR2E3 inhibits the inflammation and apoptosis by regulating the AHR/IL-17A pathway, providing new insights into the DR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Linjiang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
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4
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Reddy SK, Devi V, Seetharaman ATM, Shailaja S, Bhat KMR, Gangaraju R, Upadhya D. Cell and molecular targeted therapies for diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1416668. [PMID: 38948520 PMCID: PMC11211264 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1416668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) stands as a prevalent complication in the eye resulting from diabetes mellitus, predominantly associated with high blood sugar levels and hypertension as individuals age. DR is a severe microvascular complication of both type I and type II diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of vision impairment. The critical approach to combatting and halting the advancement of DR lies in effectively managing blood glucose and blood pressure levels in diabetic patients; however, this is seldom achieved. Both human and animal studies have revealed the intricate nature of this condition involving various cell types and molecules. Aside from photocoagulation, the sole therapy targeting VEGF molecules in the retina to prevent abnormal blood vessel growth is intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy. However, a substantial portion of cases, approximately 30-40%, do not respond to this treatment. This review explores distinctive pathophysiological phenomena of DR and identifiable cell types and molecules that could be targeted to mitigate the chronic changes occurring in the retina due to diabetes mellitus. Addressing the significant research gap in this domain is imperative to broaden the treatment options available for managing DR effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivakumar K. Reddy
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Vasudha Devi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Amritha T. M. Seetharaman
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - S. Shailaja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Kumar M. R. Bhat
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rajashekhar Gangaraju
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Dinesh Upadhya
- Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Li S, Ouyang G, Yuan L, Wu X, Zhang L. SRY-box transcription factor 9 modulates Müller cell gliosis in diabetic retinopathy by upregulating TXNIP transcription. Exp Anim 2023; 72:302-313. [PMID: 36642539 PMCID: PMC10435361 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common complication of diabetes, involves excessive proliferation and inflammation of Muller cells and ultimately leads to vision loss and blindness. SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) has been reported to be highly expressed in Müller cells in light-induced retinal damage rats, but the functional role of SOX9 in DR remains unclear. To explore this issue, the DR rat model was successfully constructed via injection with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and the retinal thicknesses and blood glucose levels were evaluated. Müller cells were treated with 25 mmol/l glucose to create a cell model in vitro. The results indicated that SOX9 expression was significantly increased in DR rat retinas and in Müller cells stimulated with a high glucose (HG) concentration. HG treatment promoted the proliferation and migration capabilities of Müller cells, whereas SOX9 knockdown reversed those behaviors. Moreover, SOX9 knockdown provided protection against an HG-induced inflammatory response, as evidenced by reduced tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in serum and decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Notably, SOX9 acted as a transcription factor that positively regulated thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a positive regulator of Müller cells gliosis under HG conditions. A dual-luciferase assay demonstrated that SOX9 could enhance TXNIP expression at the transcriptional level through binding to the promoter of TXNIP. Moreover, TXNIP overexpression restored the effects caused by SOX9 silencing. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that SOX9 may accelerate the progression of DR by promoting glial cell proliferation, metastasis, and inflammation, which involves the transcriptional regulation of TXNIP, providing new theoretical fundamentals for DR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dalian No. 3 People's Hospital, No. 40, Qianshan Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116033, P.R. China
| | - Gaoxiang Ouyang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dalian No. 3 People's Hospital, No. 40, Qianshan Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116033, P.R. China
| | - Linhui Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dalian No. 3 People's Hospital, No. 40, Qianshan Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dalian No. 3 People's Hospital, No. 40, Qianshan Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116033, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dalian No. 3 People's Hospital, No. 40, Qianshan Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116033, P.R. China
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Wang X, Wang T, Lam E, Alvarez D, Sun Y. Ocular Vascular Diseases: From Retinal Immune Privilege to Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12090. [PMID: 37569464 PMCID: PMC10418793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The eye is an immune privileged tissue that insulates the visual system from local and systemic immune provocation to preserve homeostatic functions of highly specialized retinal neural cells. If immune privilege is breached, immune stimuli will invade the eye and subsequently trigger acute inflammatory responses. Local resident microglia become active and release numerous immunological factors to protect the integrity of retinal neural cells. Although acute inflammatory responses are necessary to control and eradicate insults to the eye, chronic inflammation can cause retinal tissue damage and cell dysfunction, leading to ocular disease and vision loss. In this review, we summarized features of immune privilege in the retina and the key inflammatory responses, factors, and intracellular pathways activated when retinal immune privilege fails, as well as a highlight of the recent clinical and research advances in ocular immunity and ocular vascular diseases including retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.W.)
| | - Tianxi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.W.)
| | - Enton Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.W.)
| | - David Alvarez
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.W.)
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7
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Zhou AY, Taylor BE, Barber KG, Lee CA, Taylor ZRR, Howell SJ, Taylor PR. Anti-IL17A Halts the Onset of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type I and II Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021347. [PMID: 36674854 PMCID: PMC9860974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There are ~463 million diabetics worldwide, and more than half have diabetic retinopathy. Yet, treatments are still lacking for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. We and others previously provided evidence that Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) plays a pivotal role in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. However, all murine studies used Type I diabetes models. Hence, it was the aim of this study to determine if IL-17A induces non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in Type II diabetic mice, as identified for Type I diabetes. While examining the efficacy of anti-IL-17A as a potential therapeutic in a short-term Type I and a long-term Type II diabetes model; using different routes of administration of anti-IL-17A treatments. Retinal inflammation was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after Type I-diabetic mice received 1 intravitreal injection, and Type II-diabetic mice received seven intraperitoneal injections of anti-IL-17A. Further, vascular tight junction protein Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) was significantly decreased in both Type I and II diabetic mice, which was significantly increased when mice received anti-IL-17A injections (p < 0.05). Similarly, tight junction protein Occludin degradation was halted in Type II diabetic mice that received anti-IL-17A treatments. Finally, retinal capillary degeneration was halted 6 months after diabetes was confirmed in Type II-diabetic mice that received weekly intraperitoneal injections of anti-IL-17A. These findings provide evidence that IL-17A plays a pivotal role in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in Type II diabetic mice, and suggests that anti-IL-17A could be a good therapeutic candidate for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y. Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Brooklyn E. Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Chieh A. Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zakary R. R. Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Scott J. Howell
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Patricia R. Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence:
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8
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Yue T, Shi Y, Luo S, Weng J, Wu Y, Zheng X. The role of inflammation in immune system of diabetic retinopathy: Molecular mechanisms, pathogenetic role and therapeutic implications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1055087. [PMID: 36582230 PMCID: PMC9792618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of low vision and blindness worldwide. Mounting evidence demonstrates that inflammation is a key mechanism driving diabetes-associated retinal disturbance, yet the pathophysiological process and molecular mechanisms of inflammation underlying diabetic retinopathy are not fully understood. Cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules interact with each other to form a complex molecular network that propagates the inflammatory and pathological cascade of diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, it is important to understand and elucidate inflammation-related mechanisms behind diabetic retinopathy progression. Here, we review the current understanding of the pathology and pathogenesis of inflammation in diabetic retinopathy. In addition, we also summarize the relevant clinical trials to further suggest inflammation-targeted therapeutics for prevention and management of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sihui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yali Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China,*Correspondence: Yali Wu, ; Xueying Zheng,
| | - Xueying Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China,*Correspondence: Yali Wu, ; Xueying Zheng,
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9
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Yang S, Qi S, Wang C. The role of retinal Müller cells in diabetic retinopathy and related therapeutic advances. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1047487. [PMID: 36531955 PMCID: PMC9757137 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1047487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant complication of diabetes. During the pathogenesis of retinal microangiopathy and neuronopathy, activated retinal Müller cells (RMCs) undergo morphological and structural changes such as increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, disturbance of potassium and water transport regulation, and onset of production of a large number of inflammatory and vascular growth factors as well as chemokines. Evidently, activated RMCs are necessary for the pathogenesis of DR; therefore, exploring the role of RMCs in DR may provide a new target for the treatment thereof. This article reviews the mechanism of RMCs involvement in DR and the progress in related treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shounan Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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10
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Kovoor E, Chauhan SK, Hajrasouliha A. Role of inflammatory cells in pathophysiology and management of diabetic retinopathy. Surv Ophthalmol 2022; 67:1563-1573. [PMID: 35914582 PMCID: PMC11082823 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. Several inflammatory cells and proteins, including macrophages and microglia, cytokines, and vascular endothelial growth factors, are found to play a significant role in the development and progression of DR. Inflammatory cells play a significant role in the earliest changes seen in DR including the breakdown of the blood retinal barrier leading to leakage of blood into the retina. They also have an important role in the pathogenesis of more advanced stage of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, leading to neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, and tractional retinal detachment. In this review, we examine the function of numerous inflammatory cells involved in the pathogenesis, progression, and role as a potential therapeutic target in DR. Additionally, we explore the role of inflammation following treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kovoor
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amir Hajrasouliha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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11
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Wen Y, Chen X, Feng H, Wang X, Kang X, Zhao P, Zhao C, Wei Y. Kdm6a deficiency in microglia/macrophages epigenetically silences Lcn2 expression and reduces photoreceptor dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy. Metabolism 2022; 136:155293. [PMID: 35995279 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of severe visual impairment worldwide. However, the role of adaptive immune inflammation driven by microglia/macrophages in DR is not yet well elucidated. Kdm6a is a histone demethylase that removes the trimethyl groups of histones H3K27 and plays important biological roles in activating target genes. To elucidate the role of Kdm6a in microglia/macrophages in diabetic retinas, we established diabetic animal models with conditional knockout mice to investigate the impacts of Kdm6a deficiency. The RNA-seq analysis, mass spectrum examination, immunohistochemistry and detection of enzyme activities were used to elucidate the effect of Kdm6a deletion on gene transcription in microglia/macrophages. The expression of Kdm6a was increased in the retinas of diabetic mice compared to the control group. Loss of Kdm6a in microglia/macrophages ameliorated the diabetes-induced retinal thickness decrease, inflammation, and visual impairment. Kdm6a in microglia/macrophages regulated Lcn2 expression in a demethylase activity-dependent manner and inhibited glycolysis progression in photoreceptor cells through Lcn2. These results suggest that Kdm6a in microglia/macrophages aggravated diabetic retinopathy by promoting the expression of Lcn2 and impairing glycolysis progression in photoreceptor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Huazhang Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaoli Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Peiquan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai 200032, China.
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12
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DeMaio A, Mehrotra S, Sambamurti K, Husain S. The role of the adaptive immune system and T cell dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:251. [PMID: 36209107 PMCID: PMC9548183 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system and associated inflammation are vital in surveillance and host protection against internal and external threats, but can secondarily damage host tissues. The central nervous system is immune-privileged and largely protected from the circulating inflammatory pathways. However, T cell involvement and the disruption of the blood-brain barriers have been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Under normal physiological conditions, regulatory T cells (Treg cells) dampen the inflammatory response of effector T cells. In the pathological states of many neurodegenerative disorders, the ability of Treg cells to mitigate inflammation is reduced, and a pro-inflammatory environment persists. This perspective review provides current knowledge on the roles of T cell subsets (e.g., effector T cells, Treg cells) in neurodegenerative and ocular diseases, including uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Many neurodegenerative and ocular diseases have been linked to immune dysregulation, but the cellular events and molecular mechanisms involved in such processes remain largely unknown. Moreover, the role of T cells in ocular pathologies remains poorly defined and limited literature is available in this area of research. Adoptive transfer of Treg cells appears to be a vital immunological approach to control ocular pathologies. Similarities in T cell dysfunction seen among non-ocular neurodegenerative diseases suggest that this area of research has a great potential to develop better therapeutic agents for ocular diseases and warrants further studies. Overall, this perspective review article provides significant information on the roles of T cells in numerous ocular and non-ocular neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa DeMaio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Room 713, Medical University of South Carolina, 167 Ashley Ave, SC, 29425, Charleston, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, 29425, Charleston, USA
| | - Kumar Sambamurti
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, SC, 29425, Charleston, USA
| | - Shahid Husain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Room 713, Medical University of South Carolina, 167 Ashley Ave, SC, 29425, Charleston, USA.
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13
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Wang Y, Yu H, Li J, Liu W, Yu S, Lv P, Zhao L, Wang X, Zuo Z, Liu X. Th22 cells induce Müller cell activation via the Act1/TRAF6 pathway in diabetic retinopathy. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 390:367-383. [PMID: 36201050 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
T helper 22 (Th22) cells have been implicated in diabetic retinopathy (DR), but it remains unclear whether Th22 cells involve in the pathogenesis of DR. To investigate the role of Th22 cells in DR mice, the animal models were established by intraperitoneal injection of STZ and confirmed by fundus fluorescein angiography and retinal haematoxylin-eosin staining. IL-22BP was administered by intravitreal injection. IL-22 level was measured by ELISA in vivo and in vitro. The expression of IL-22Rα1 in the retina was assessed by immunofluorescence. We assessed GFAP, VEGF, ICAM-1, inflammatory-associated factors and the integrity of blood-retinal barrier in control, DR, IL-22BP, and sham group. Müller cells were co-cultured with Th22 cells, and the expression of the above proteins was measured by immunoblotting. Plasmid transfection technique was used to silence Act1 gene in Müller cells. Results in vivo and in vitro indicated that Th22 cells infiltrated into the DR retinal and IL-22Rα1 expressed in Müller cells. Th22 cells promoted Müller cells activation and inflammatory factor secretion by secreting IL-22 compared with high-glucose stimulation alone. In addition, IL-22BP ameliorated the pathological alterations of the retina in DR. Inhibition of the inflammatory signalling cascade through Act1 knockdown alleviated DR-like pathology. All in all, the results suggested that Th22 cells infiltrated into the retina and secreted IL-22 in DR, and then IL-22 binding with IL-22Rα1 activated the Act1/TRAF6 signal pathway, and promoted the inflammatory of Müller cells and involved the pathogenesis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hongdan Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shengxue Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Pan Lv
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lipan Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiaobai Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhongfu Zuo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China. .,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China. .,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Xuezheng Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Diabetic Cognitive and Perceptive Dysfunction, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China. .,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
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14
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Zhu M, Gao S, Gao S, Wang Y, Li N, Shen X. Interleukin-17A attenuates photoreceptor cell apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14175-14187. [PMID: 35730427 PMCID: PMC9342149 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2084241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) represents an important microvascular complication of diabetes, which is the top etiology of vision impairment worldwide. Although interleukin (IL)-17A is increasingly implicated in DR development, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain poorly defined. This work aims to evaluate IL-17A levels in the retina of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and elucidate their potential roles. We found IL-17A was upregulated in diabetic retina after intraperitoneal injection of STZ and high-glucose (HG)-cultured primary Müller cells. IL-17A knockout (IL-17A−/−) downregulated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and inhibited the conversion of proneurotrophin-3 (proNT-3) to mature NT-3 in retinal specimens from diabetic mice as well as in Müller cells cultured under HG conditions. Induced apoptosis and upregulated Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were observed in retinal specimens from IL-17A−/− diabetic mice and photoreceptor (661 W) cells after co-culture with IL-17A−/− Müller cells. Moreover, RNA interference-induced gene silencing of tyrosine kinase C receptor (TrkC) in 661 W cells reversed the anti-apoptotic effect of IL-17A under HG conditions. Taken together, our findings suggest that IL-17A/NT-3/TrkC axis regulation suppresses apoptosis in photoreceptor cells, providing a new treatment strategy for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanuo Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Zhong H, Sun X. Contribution of Interleukin-17A to Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:847937. [PMID: 35392087 PMCID: PMC8980477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.847937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases are a leading cause of vision loss and blindness throughout the world, characterized by chronic and progressive loss of neurons and/or myelin. One of the common features of retinal degenerative diseases and central neurodegenerative diseases is chronic neuroinflammation. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is the cytokine most closely related to disease in its family. Accumulating evidence suggests that IL-17A plays a key role in human retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of IL-17A participating in the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases, which may open new avenues for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhong
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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16
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Carpi-Santos R, de Melo Reis RA, Gomes FCA, Calaza KC. Contribution of Müller Cells in the Diabetic Retinopathy Development: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:617. [PMID: 35453302 PMCID: PMC9027671 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a neurovascular complication of diabetes and the main cause of vision loss in adults. Glial cells have a key role in maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis. In the retina, the predominant element is the Müller cell, a specialized cell with radial morphology that spans all retinal layers and influences the function of the entire retinal circuitry. Müller cells provide metabolic support, regulation of extracellular composition, synaptic activity control, structural organization of the blood-retina barrier, antioxidant activity, and trophic support, among other roles. Therefore, impairments of Müller actions lead to retinal malfunctions. Accordingly, increasing evidence indicates that Müller cells are affected in diabetic retinopathy and may contribute to the severity of the disease. Here, we will survey recently described alterations in Müller cell functions and cellular events that contribute to diabetic retinopathy, especially related to oxidative stress and inflammation. This review sheds light on Müller cells as potential therapeutic targets of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Carpi-Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.-S.); (F.C.A.G.)
| | - Ricardo A. de Melo Reis
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Flávia Carvalho Alcantara Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.-S.); (F.C.A.G.)
| | - Karin C. Calaza
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi 24210-201, RJ, Brazil
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17
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Pan L, Sze YH, Yang M, Tang J, Zhao S, Yi I, To CH, Lam C, Chen DF, Cho KS, Do CW. Baicalein—A Potent Pro-Homeostatic Regulator of Microglia in Retinal Ischemic Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837497. [PMID: 35265083 PMCID: PMC8899187 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ischemia is a common cause of many retinal diseases, leading to irreversible vision impairment and blindness. Excessive neuroinflammation, including microglial activation and T-cell responses, has been identified as a critical factor associated with neurodegeneration in retinal ischemia. Baicalein is a natural flavonoid reported to have broad anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective bioactivities. Herein, the effects of baicalein on microglia activation in vitro and in vivo were investigated. We found that baicalein exhibited robust anti-inflammatory effect on cultured human and mouse microglia, as demonstrated by decreased induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). Proteomic analysis further unraveled baicalein’s effect on modulating IL-17 signaling pathways and its upstream regulator IL-1β. Intravitreal administration of baicalein in the mouse model of retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury attenuated microglial activation and retinal T-cell infiltration, particularly the T helper 17 cells. Additionally, baicalein was shown to exert neuroprotective effects by significantly reducing the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss after I/R injury, leading to an improved retinal function and spatial vision. These results suggest that baicalein, a natural flavonoid, acts as a negative regulator of activated microglia and immune responses both in vitro and in vivo, effectively alleviating neurodegeneration in retinal I/R injury. This finding indicates that baicalein could be a potential therapeutic agent against currently incurable degenerative retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pan
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ying Hon Sze
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Menglu Yang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jing Tang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siming Zhao
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Irvin Yi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chi-Ho To
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuen Lam
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong Feng Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dong Feng Chen, ; Kin-Sang Cho, ; Chi-Wai Do,
| | - Kin-Sang Cho
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dong Feng Chen, ; Kin-Sang Cho, ; Chi-Wai Do,
| | - Chi-Wai Do
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Feng Chen, ; Kin-Sang Cho, ; Chi-Wai Do,
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18
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Sheng L, Luo Q, Chen L. Amino Acid Solute Carrier Transporters in Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:DMD-AR-2021-000705. [PMID: 35152203 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The past decade exposed the importance of many homeostasis and metabolism related proteins in autoimmunity disease and inflammation. Solute carriers (SLCs) are a group of membrane channels that can transport amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, nutrients, and neurotransmitters. This review summarizes the role of SLCs amino acid transporters in inflammation and autoimmunity disease. In detail, the importance of Glutamate transporters SLC1A1, SLC1A2, and SLC1A3, mainly expressed in the brain where they help prevent glutamate excitotoxicity, is discussed in the context of central nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis. Similarly, the cationic amino acid transporter SLC7A1 (CAT1), which is an important arginine transporter for T cells, and SLC7A2 (CAT2), essential for innate immunity. SLC3 family proteins, which bind with light chains from the SLC7 family (SLC7A5, SLC7A7 and SLC7A11) to form heteromeric amino acid transporters, are also explored to describe their roles in T cells, NK cells, macrophages and tumor immunotherapies. Altogether, the link between SLC amino acid transporters with inflammation and autoimmunity may contribute to a better understanding of underlying mechanism of disease and provide novel potential therapeutic avenues. Significance Statement SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this review, we summarize the link between SLC amino acid transporters and inflammation and immune responses, specially SLC1 family members and SLC7 members. Studying the link may contribute to a better understanding of related diseases and provide potential therapeutic targets and useful to the researchers who have interest in the involvement of amino acids in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qi Luo
- Tsinghua University, China
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19
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Rola autoimmunizacji w rozwoju powikłań cukrzycowych – przegląd badań. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstrakt
Przewlekłe powikłania cukrzycy są główną przyczyną obniżenia jakości życia, niepełnosprawności, a nawet przedwczesnej śmierci pacjentów cierpiących na tę chorobę. Mimo istotnego postępu w dziedzinie farmakoterapii, ich leczenie pozostaje nadal wyzwaniem w codziennej praktyce klinicznej. Brak terapii przyczynowej wynika z niewystarczającego zrozumienia molekularnych mechanizmów uszkadzających poszczególne narządy w cukrzycy. Uważa się, że etiopatogeneza tych powikłań jest złożona i zależy od czynników genetycznych i środowiskowych. W ich rozwoju, oprócz zaburzeń metabolicznych związanych z hiperglikemią, nasilenia stresu oksydacyjnego, dysfunkcji śródbłonka, indukcji stanu zapalnego, coraz częściej wskazuje się też na znaczącą rolę zaburzeń immunologicznych.
Wyniki badań doświadczalnych przeprowadzonych na zwierzętach, jak również na hodowlach tkankowych, oraz obserwacje kliniczne potwierdzają udział układu odpornościowego obejmujący aktywność autoreaktywnych limfocytów oraz cytotoksyczne działanie autoprzeciwciał w rozwoju poszczególnych powikłań w obu typach cukrzycy. Wydaje się zatem, że zachwianie równowagi immunologicznej wyzwalające autoagresję jest ważnym czynnikiem przyczyniającym się do dysfunkcji poszczególnych organów w typach cukrzycy 1 i 2.
Dokładne zrozumienie immunopatogenezy tych zaburzeń może zmienić dotychczasowe podejście w leczeniu powikłań cukrzycy oraz umożliwić opracowanie skutecznej terapii przyczynowej ukierunkowanej na układ odpornościowy. Identyfikacja swoistych autoprzeciwciał mogłaby usprawnić ich wczesną diagnostykę i prewencję. W artykule podjęto próbę analizy czynników ryzyka najczęstszych schorzeń o podłożu autoimmunizacyjnym, ich związku z typem 1 i 2 cukrzycy oraz podsumowano potencjalne znaczenie autoagresji w rozwoju jej powikłań w oparciu o wyniki dotychczasowych badań doświadczalnych i klinicznych.
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20
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Ge Y, Zhang R, Feng Y, Lu J, Li H. Mbd2 deficiency alleviates retinal cell apoptosisvia the miR-345-5p/Atf1 axis in high glucoseinjury and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1201-1214. [PMID: 34853720 PMCID: PMC8605293 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is considered to play an important role in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Here, our goal was to investigate the precise role of methyl-CpG binding domain protein 2 (Mbd2) in the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the early diabetic retina. Mbd2 was significantly upregulated after high glucose (HG) treatment and played a proapoptotic role in RGCs during HG-induced apoptosis. Combining ChIP and gene microarray datasets, the results showed that Mbd2 possessed potential binding sites for miR-345-5p, thereby elevating the expression levels of miR-345-5p via the enhancement of promoter demethylation. Activating transcription factor 1 (Atf1) played an anti-apoptotic role during the process of apoptosis in RGCs and acted as the target gene for miR-345-5p. Furthermore, the number of surviving RGCs in the diabetic retina was increased in Mbd2-knockout mice when compared with wild-type mice and the visual function became better accordingly. Collectively, our data demonstrated that the HG-induced overexpression of Mbd2 in the retina was partly responsible for the apoptosis of retinal neuronal cells through the miR-345-5p/Atf1 axis. Therefore, the targeting of Mbd2 might represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodegeneration in the early diabetic retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jinfang Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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21
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Qiu AW, Huang DR, Li B, Fang Y, Zhang WW, Liu QH. IL-17A injury to retinal ganglion cells is mediated by retinal Müller cells in diabetic retinopathy. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1057. [PMID: 34750361 PMCID: PMC8575984 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common and serious ocular complication, recently has been perceived as a neurovascular inflammatory disease. However, role of adaptive immune inflammation driven by T lymphocytes in DR is not yet well elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the role of interleukin (IL)-17A, a proinflammatory cytokine mainly produced by T lymphocytes, in retinal pathophysiology particularly in retinal neuronal death during DR process. Ins2Akita (Akita) diabetic mice 12 weeks after the onset of diabetes were used as a DR model. IL-17A-deficient diabetic mice were obtained by hybridization of IL-17A-knockout (IL-17A-KO) mouse with Akita mouse. Primarily cultured retinal Müller cells (RMCs) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were treated with IL-17A in high-glucose (HG) condition. A transwell coculture of RGCs and RMCs whose IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) gene had been silenced with IL-17RA-shRNA was exposed to IL-17A in HG condition and the cocultured RGCs were assessed on their survival. Diabetic mice manifested increased retinal microvascular lesions, RMC activation and dysfunction, as well as RGC apoptosis. IL-17A-KO diabetic mice showed reduced retinal microvascular impairments, RMC abnormalities, and RGC apoptosis compared with diabetic mice. RMCs expressed IL-17RA. IL-17A exacerbated HG-induced RMC activation and dysfunction in vitro and silencing IL-17RA gene in RMCs abolished the IL-17A deleterious effects. In contrast, RGCs did not express IL-17RA and IL-17A did not further alter HG-induced RGC death. Notably, IL-17A aggravated HG-induced RGC death in the presence of intact RMCs but not in the presence of RMCs in which IL-17RA gene had been knocked down. These findings establish that IL-17A is actively involved in DR pathophysiology and particularly by RMC mediation it promotes RGC death. Collectively, we propose that antagonizing IL-17RA on RMCs may prevent retinal neuronal death and thereby slow down DR progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Wang Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Da-Rui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Women & Children Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qing-Huai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China.
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22
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Filippov VM, Petrachkov DV, Budzinskaya MV, Matyushchenko AG. [The role of neurodegeneration biomarkers in the management of patients with diabetic retinopathy]. Vestn Oftalmol 2021; 137:314-322. [PMID: 34669343 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2021137052314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This literature review focuses on the role of disease biomarkers in the management of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) investigating in detail the problem of retinal neurodegeneration in such patients. Identification and assessment of the significance of qualitative and quantitative biomarkers of DR and neurodegeneration can complement screening examination, as well as help predict the course of the disease and the response to therapy. A comprehensive analysis of these factors allows for effective treatment and prevention of complications in patients with DR based on prognostic models and dynamic monitoring of these indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Filippov
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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23
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Targeting Inflammatory Cytokines to Improve Type 2 Diabetes Control. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7297419. [PMID: 34557550 PMCID: PMC8455209 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7297419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common chronic metabolic disorders in adulthood worldwide, whose pathophysiology includes an abnormal immune response accompanied by cytokine dysregulation and inflammation. As the T2D-related inflammation and its progression were associated with the balance between pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, anticytokine treatments might represent an additional therapeutic option for T2D patients. This review focuses on existing evidence for antihyperglycemic properties of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and anticytokine agents (anti-TNF-α, anti-interleukin-(IL-) 6, -IL-1, -IL-17, -IL-23, etc.). Emphasis is placed on their molecular mechanisms and on the biological rationale for clinical use. Finally, we briefly summarize the results from experimental model studies and promising clinical trials about the potential of anticytokine therapies in T2D, discussing the effects of these drugs on systemic and islet inflammation, beta-cell function, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity.
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Chen W, Kong Y, Li W, Zhou Y, Wu M, Chen T, Wu Y, Qiao H, Qiu Z, Qiu J. Generation and characterization of a humanized anti-IL-17A rabbit monoclonal antibody. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 187:105950. [PMID: 34363980 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) produced by Th17 cells, contributes to the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases by stimulating the release of cytokines and chemokines and its regulation. Anti-IL-17A antibody which blocks the function of IL-17A has been proved to be an effective treatment of autoimmune disease. The aim of our study was to generate a potential humanized anti-IL-17A therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) through a comprehensive panel of in vitro and in vivo biological activity studies, as well as physicochemical characterization. HZD37-5, a humanized monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing N78 loci of IL-17A, binds to human and rhesus monkeys, blocks IL-17 induced signal transduction and the release of IL-6, IL-8, CXCL-1 and G-GSF. In an in vivo efficacy mouse model, HZD37-5 significantly inhibited human IL-17A induced-keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) secretion in a dose-dependent manner. The pharmacokinetics (PK) study result of HZD37-5 in rhesus monkeys indicated that HZD37-5 had favorable PK characteristics with limited distribution (78.0-78.8 ml/kg), slow elimination (5.00-6.45 ml/day/kg), long half-life (9.1-10.7 days) and high bioavailability (103%) following a single IV or SC dose at 1.5 mg/kg. These findings provided a comprehensive preclinical characterization of HZD37-5 and supported that it may be developed as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Qyuns Therapeutics Co.,Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Yong Kong
- Qyuns Therapeutics Co.,Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Wang Li
- Qyuns Therapeutics Co.,Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Qyuns Therapeutics Co.,Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Meijuan Wu
- Qyuns Therapeutics Co.,Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Qyuns Therapeutics Co.,Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Yiliang Wu
- Qyuns Therapeutics Co.,Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Huaiyao Qiao
- Qyuns Therapeutics Co.,Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Zhihua Qiu
- Qyuns Therapeutics Co.,Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Jiwan Qiu
- Qyuns Therapeutics Co.,Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China.
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25
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Byrne EM, Llorián-Salvador M, Tang M, Margariti A, Chen M, Xu H. IL-17A Damages the Blood-Retinal Barrier through Activating the Janus Kinase 1 Pathway. Biomedicines 2021; 9:831. [PMID: 34356895 PMCID: PMC8301352 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) dysfunction underlies macular oedema in many sight-threatening conditions, including diabetic macular oedema, neovascular age-related macular degeneration and uveoretinitis. Inflammation plays an important role in BRB dysfunction. This study aimed to understand the role of the inflammatory cytokine IL-17A in BRB dysfunction and the mechanism involved. Human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell line ARPE19 and murine brain endothelial line bEnd.3 were cultured on transwell membranes to model the outer BRB and inner BRB, respectively. IL-17A treatment (3 days in bEnd.3 cells and 6 days in ARPE19 cells) disrupted the distribution of claudin-5 in bEnd.3 cells and ZO-1 in ARPE19 cells, reduced the transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increased permeability to FITC-tracers in vitro. Intravitreal (20 ng/1 μL/eye) or intravenous (20 ng/g) injection of recombinant IL-17A induced retinal albumin leakage within 48 h in C57BL/6J mice. Mechanistically, IL-17A induced Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) phosphorylation in bEnd.3 but not ARPE19 cells. Blocking JAK1 with Tofacitinib prevented IL-17A-mediated claudin-5 dysmorphia in bEnd.3 cells and reduced albumin leakage in IL-17A-treated mice. Our results suggest that IL-17A can damage the BRB through the activating the JAK1 signaling pathway, and targeting this pathway may be a novel approach to treat inflammation-induced macular oedema.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Heping Xu
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (E.M.B.); (M.L.-S.); (M.T.); (A.M.); (M.C.)
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26
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Xue J, Liu Y, Zhang S, Ding L, Shen B, Shao Y, Wei Z. CGRP protects bladder smooth muscle cells stimulated by high glucose through inhibiting p38 MAPK pathway in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7643. [PMID: 33828162 PMCID: PMC8027675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on bladder smooth muscle cells (BSMCs) under high glucose (HG) treatment in vitro. BSMCs from Sprague-Dawley rat bladders were cultured and passaged in vitro. The third-generation cells were cultured and divided into control group, HG group, HG + CGRP group, HG + CGRP + asiatic acid (AA, p-p38 activator) group, CGRP group, AA group, HG + CGRP + CGRP-8-37 (CGRP receptor antagonist) group and HG + LY2228820 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) group. The cell viability, apoptosis, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels of BSMCs were observed by the relevant detection kits. The expressions of α-SM-actin, p38 and p-p38 were detected by qRT-PCR or Western blot analysis. Compared with the control group, the cell viability, SOD and α-SM-actin levels of BSMCs were decreased and apoptotic cells, MDA and p-p38 levels were increased after HG treatment, while these changes could be partly reversed when BSMCs were treated with HG and CGRP or LY2228820 together. Moreover, AA or CGRP-8-37 could suppress the effect of CGRP on BSMCs under HG condition. Our data indicate that CGRP protects BSMCs from oxidative stress induced by HG in vitro, and inhibit the α-SM-actin expression decrease through inhibiting the intracellular p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yadong Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sichong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liucheng Ding
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baixin Shen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunpeng Shao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongqing Wei
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu, China.
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27
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Eskandarpour M, Nunn MA, Weston-Davies W, Calder VL. Immune-Mediated Retinal Vasculitis in Posterior Uveitis and Experimental Models: The Leukotriene (LT)B4-VEGF Axis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020396. [PMID: 33671954 PMCID: PMC7919050 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal vascular diseases have distinct, complex and multifactorial pathogeneses yet share several key pathophysiological aspects including inflammation, vascular permeability and neovascularisation. In non-infectious posterior uveitis (NIU), retinal vasculitis involves vessel leakage leading to retinal enlargement, exudation, and macular oedema. Neovascularisation is not a common feature in NIU, however, detection of the major angiogenic factor—vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)—in intraocular fluids in animal models of uveitis may be an indication for a role for this cytokine in a highly inflammatory condition. Suppression of VEGF-A by directly targeting the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor (BLT1) pathway indicates a connection between leukotrienes (LTs), which have prominent roles in initiating and propagating inflammatory responses, and VEGF-A in retinal inflammatory diseases. Further research is needed to understand how LTs interact with intraocular cytokines in retinal inflammatory diseases to guide the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting both inflammatory mediator pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Eskandarpour
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Miles A. Nunn
- Akari Therapeutics Plc, London EC1V 9EL, UK; (M.A.N.); (W.W.-D.)
| | | | - Virginia L. Calder
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK;
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Liu F, Han F, Liu X, Yang L, Jiang C, Cui C, Yuan F, Zhang X, Gong L, Hou X, Liu Y, Chen L. Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Involvement of Interleukin-17A in Diabetic Retinopathy in Elderly Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4199-4207. [PMID: 34675572 PMCID: PMC8517528 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s302199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the correlation between serum interleukin-17A (IL-17A) levels and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS The study included 194 elderly patients (94 males and 100 females) with T2DM. Digital retinal photography as well as fundus fluorescein angiography was employed to distinguish between nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). In addition, multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between serum IL-17A levels and DR status. RESULTS The average age of the study cohort was 69.14 ± 6.33 years, of which 52.08% were male. The study participants with the highest IL-17A (Q4) levels had higher TC, DBP, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values than those the other groups. Analysis using unadjusted and adjusted linear regression revealed that the effect size of 1.09 for DR in the unadjusted model indicates that IL-17A is associated with an increase of 1.09 in DR (mmol/L) (β 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1.16). Using the minimum-adjusted model (the model 2), as IL-17A increased, DR was higher by 1.11 (β 1.11, 95% CI 1.04, 1.18). With the fully adjusted model (the model 3), for each additional IL-17A increase, DR was higher by 1.15 (β 1.15, 95% CI 1.06, 1.24). CONCLUSION Serum IL-17A levels are apparently positively correlated to DR in Chinese elderly individuals with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Han
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhangqiu District People’s Hospital, Jinan, 250200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhangqiu District People’s Hospital, Jinan, 250200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lina Yang
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhangqiu District People’s Hospital, Jinan, 250200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caixia Jiang
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhangqiu District People’s Hospital, Jinan, 250200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinguo Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yuan Liu; Li Chen Email ;
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
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Qiu AW, Cao X, Zhang WW, Liu QH. IL-17A is involved in diabetic inflammatory pathogenesis by its receptor IL-17RA. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:57-65. [PMID: 32903039 PMCID: PMC7798001 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220956943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The participation of interleukin (IL)-17A in diabetic pathogenesis is suggested in animal models of autoimmune diabetes and in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but with some contradictory results. Particularly, evidence for a direct injury of IL-17A to pancreatic β cells is lacking. We showed that IL-17A deficiency alleviated diabetic signs including hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and inflammatory response in Ins2Akita (Akita) mice, a T1D model with spontaneous mutation in insulin 2 gene leading to β-cell apoptosis. IL-17A enhanced inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis but attenuated insulin level in mouse insulin-producing MIN6 cells. IL-17A had also a synergistic destruction to MIN6 cells with streptozotocin (STZ), a pancreatic β-cell-specific cytotoxin. Blocking IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) reduced all these deleterious effects of IL-17A on MIN6 cells. The results demonstrate the role and the importance of IL-17A in T1D pathogenesis and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for T1D targeting IL-17A and/or IL-17RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Wang Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qing-Huai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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30
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Liu L, Xu H, Zhao H, Sui D. MicroRNA-135b-5p promotes endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy mice by inhibiting Von Hipp-el-Lindau and elevating hypoxia inducible factor α expression. J Drug Target 2020; 29:300-309. [PMID: 33032456 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1833017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to investigate the effect of microRNA-135b-5p (miR-135b-5p) on endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy (DR) mice with the involvement of Von Hipp-el-Lindau protein (VHL) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF1α). METHODS A DR mouse model was established. The loss- and gain-of-function approaches were conducted to figure out the roles of miR-135b-5p and VHL in vascular hyperplasia, inflammation and apoptosis in DR mice. Endothelial cells were extracted from DR mice and transfected with miR-135b-5p- and VHL-related oligonucleotides and plasmids to decode their functions in cell viability, migration, and tube formation in DR. miR-135b-5p, VHL and HIF-1α expression in mouse retinal tissues and endothelial cells were detected. The targeting connection between miR-135b-5p and VHL was tested. RESULTS Elevated miR-135b-5p and HIF-1α, as well as declined VHL existed in DR. Declined miR-135b-5p or overexpressed VHL impaired vascular hyperplasia, inflammation and apoptosis, and decreased HIF-1α expression in DR mice. Repressed miR-135b-5p or up-regulated VHL inhibited viability, migration and tube formation of endothelial cells in DR. miR-135b-5p targeted VHL. CONCLUSION MiR-135b-5p inhibits VHL and elevates HIF1α expression, thereby promoting endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis in DR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dayun Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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31
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Yamamoto Y, Morozumi T, Hirata T, Takahashi T, Fuchida S, Toyoda M, Nakajima S, Minabe M. Effect of Periodontal Disease on Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-sectional Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3234. [PMID: 33050355 PMCID: PMC7600038 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both periodontal disease and diabetes are common chronic inflammatory diseases. One of the major problems with type 2 diabetes is that unregulated blood glucose levels damage the vascular endothelium and cause complications. A bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and diabetic complications has been reported previously. However, whether periodontal disease affects the presence of diabetic complications has not been clarified. Therefore, we examined the effect of the periodontal disease status on diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Periodontal doctors examined the periodontal disease status of 104 type 2 diabetic patients who visited a private diabetes medical clinic once a month between 2016 and 2018. The subject's diabetic status was obtained from their medical records. Bayesian network analysis showed that bleeding on probing directly influenced the presence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients. In addition, bleeding on probing was higher in the diabetic retinopathy group (n = 36) than in the group without diabetic retinopathy (n = 68, p = 0.006, Welch's t-test). Bleeding on probing represents gingival inflammation, which might affect the presence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients who regularly visit diabetic clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kanagawa Dental University, Junior College, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Toshiya Morozumi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan; (T.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Takahisa Hirata
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan; (T.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Health, Kanazawa Gakuin University, 10 Sue-machi, Kanazawa 9201392, Ishikawa, Japan;
| | - Shinya Fuchida
- Department of Disaster Medicine and Dental Sociology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Masami Toyoda
- Nakajima Internal Medicine Clinic, 1-17 Yonegahamadori, Yokosuka 2380011, Kanagawa, Japan; (M.T.); (S.N.)
| | - Shigeru Nakajima
- Nakajima Internal Medicine Clinic, 1-17 Yonegahamadori, Yokosuka 2380011, Kanagawa, Japan; (M.T.); (S.N.)
| | - Masato Minabe
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 2388580, Kanagawa, Japan; (T.H.); (M.M.)
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32
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Taguchi M, Someya H, Inada M, Nishio Y, Takayama K, Harimoto K, Karasawa Y, Ito M, Takeuchi M. Retinal changes in mice spontaneously developing diabetes by Th17-cell deviation. Exp Eye Res 2020; 198:108155. [PMID: 32717339 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Elevated level of interleukin (IL)-17, predominantly produced by T helper (Th) 17 cells, has been implicated in diabetic retinopathy (DR), but it remains unclear whether IL-17 is involved in the pathogenesis of DR. Ins2Akita (Akita) mice spontaneously develop diabetes, and show early pathophysiological changes in diabetic complications. On the other hand, interferon-γ knock out (GKO) mice exhibit high differentiation and activation of Th2 and Th17 cells as a result of Th1 cell inhibition. In this study, Ins2Akita IFN-γ-deficient (Akita-GKO) mice were established by crossbreeding Akita mice with GKO mice, and Th17-mediated immune responses on DR were investigated. Blood glucose levels (BGL) of Akita mice and Akita-GKO mice were significantly higher than those of age-matched wild type (WT) or GKO mice, and there was no significant difference in BGL between Akita and Akita-GKO mice. Relative mRNA expression of ROR-γt that is a transcriptional factor of Th17 cells but not GATA-3 that is for Th2 cells was significantly upregulated only in Akita-GKO mice compared with WT mice, and the proportions of IL-17 and IL-22-producing splenic CD4+ cells were significantly higher in Akita-GKO mice than in wild type (WT), Akita, or GKO mice. In the retina, mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were increased in Akita-GKO mice more than in Akita or GKO mice, and statistically significant differences were observed between Akita-GKO mice and WT mice. Leukostasis in retinal vessels and ocular level of VEGF protein increased significantly in Akita-GKO mice compared with the other groups. Edematous change in the retinal surface layer, retinal exudative lesions depicted as areas of hyperfluorescence in fluorescein angiography (FA), and vascular basement membrane thickening in all layers of the retina were also observed in Akita-GKO mice at 9-week-old but not in age-matched Akita or GKO mice. These results suggested that Th17 cell-mediated immune responses might be involved in promotion of functional and morphological changes in the retina of mice spontaneously developing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzo Taguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College (NDMC), Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Hideaki Someya
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College (NDMC), Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Makoto Inada
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College (NDMC), Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishio
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College (NDMC), Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Kei Takayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College (NDMC), Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Kozo Harimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College (NDMC), Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Yoko Karasawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College (NDMC), Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Masataka Ito
- Department of Developmental Anatomy, NDMC, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Masaru Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College (NDMC), Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan.
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The Role of Th17 Cells and IL-17 in Th2 Immune Responses of Allergic Conjunctivitis. J Ophthalmol 2020; 2020:6917185. [PMID: 32566265 PMCID: PMC7267877 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6917185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is a common allergic disease that is often associated with the onset of rhinitis or asthma. The incidence of AC has increased significantly in recent years possibly due to air pollution and climate warming. AC seriously affects patients' quality of life and work efficiency. Th (T-helper) 2 immune responses and type I hypersensitivity reactions are generally considered the basis of occurrence of AC. It has been found that new subpopulations of T-helper cells, Th17 cells that produce interleukin-17 (IL-17), play an important role in the Th2-mediated pathogenesis of conjunctivitis. Studies have shown that Th17 cells are involved in a variety of immune inflammation, including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and asthma. However, the role of Th17 and IL-17 in AC is unclear. This paper will focus on how T-helper 17 cells and interleukin-17 are activated in the Th2 immune response of allergic conjunctivitis and how they promote the Th2 immune response of AC.
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Zapadka TE, Lindstrom SI, Taylor BE, Lee CA, Tang J, Taylor ZRR, Howell SJ, Taylor PR. RORγt Inhibitor-SR1001 Halts Retinal Inflammation, Capillary Degeneration, and the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3547. [PMID: 32429598 PMCID: PMC7279039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a diabetes-mediated retinal microvascular disease that is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population worldwide. Interleukin (IL)-17A is an inflammatory cytokine that has been previously shown to play a pivotal role in the promotion and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gammaT (RORγt) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that mediates IL-17A production. However, the role of RORγt in diabetes-mediated retinal inflammation and capillary degeneration, as well as its potential therapeutic attributes for diabetic retinopathy has not yet been determined. In the current study, we examined retinal inflammation and vascular pathology in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. We found RORγt expressing cells in the retinal vasculature of diabetic mice. Further, diabetes-mediated retinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and retinal endothelial cell death were all significantly lower in RORγt-/- mice. Finally, when a RORγt small molecule inhibitor (SR1001) was subcutaneously injected into diabetic mice, retinal inflammation and capillary degeneration were ameliorated. These findings establish a pathologic role for RORγt in the onset of diabetic retinopathy and identify a potentially novel therapeutic for this blinding disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Capillaries/drug effects
- Capillaries/pathology
- Cell Death/genetics
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetic Retinopathy/chemically induced
- Diabetic Retinopathy/drug therapy
- Diabetic Retinopathy/metabolism
- Drug Inverse Agonism
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Hyperglycemia/blood
- Hyperglycemia/genetics
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/genetics
- Retinal Vessels/drug effects
- Retinal Vessels/metabolism
- Retinal Vessels/pathology
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Thiazoles/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Zapadka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (B.E.T.); (C.A.L.); (J.T.); (Z.R.R.T.); (S.J.H.)
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sarah I. Lindstrom
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (B.E.T.); (C.A.L.); (J.T.); (Z.R.R.T.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Brooklyn E. Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (B.E.T.); (C.A.L.); (J.T.); (Z.R.R.T.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Chieh A. Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (B.E.T.); (C.A.L.); (J.T.); (Z.R.R.T.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (B.E.T.); (C.A.L.); (J.T.); (Z.R.R.T.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Zakary R. R. Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (B.E.T.); (C.A.L.); (J.T.); (Z.R.R.T.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Scott J. Howell
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (B.E.T.); (C.A.L.); (J.T.); (Z.R.R.T.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Patricia R. Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (B.E.T.); (C.A.L.); (J.T.); (Z.R.R.T.); (S.J.H.)
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Caro-Ordieres T, Marín-Royo G, Opazo-Ríos L, Jiménez-Castilla L, Moreno JA, Gómez-Guerrero C, Egido J. The Coming Age of Flavonoids in the Treatment of Diabetic Complications. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020346. [PMID: 32012726 PMCID: PMC7074336 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), and its micro and macrovascular complications, is one of the biggest challenges for world public health. Despite overall improvement in prevention, diagnosis and treatment, its incidence is expected to continue increasing over the next years. Nowadays, finding therapies to prevent or retard the progression of diabetic complications remains an unmet need due to the complexity of mechanisms involved, which include inflammation, oxidative stress and angiogenesis, among others. Flavonoids are natural antioxidant compounds that have been shown to possess anti-diabetic properties. Moreover, increasing scientific evidence has demonstrated their potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. Consequently, the use of these compounds as anti-diabetic drugs has generated growing interest, as is reflected in the numerous in vitro and in vivo studies related to this field. Therefore, the aim of this review is to assess the recent pre-clinical and clinical research about the potential effect of flavonoids in the amelioration of diabetic complications. In brief, we provide updated information concerning the discrepancy between the numerous experimental studies supporting the efficacy of flavonoids on diabetic complications and the lack of appropriate and well-designed clinical trials. Due to the well-described beneficial effects on different mechanisms involved in diabetic complications, the excellent tolerability and low cost, future randomized controlled studies with compounds that have adequate bioavailability should be evaluated as add-on therapy on well-established anti-diabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Caro-Ordieres
- Research Discovery and Innovation Department, FAES FARMA, S.A, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain;
| | - Gema Marín-Royo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.M.-R.); (L.O.-R.); (L.J.-C.); (C.G.-G.)
| | - Lucas Opazo-Ríos
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.M.-R.); (L.O.-R.); (L.J.-C.); (C.G.-G.)
| | - Luna Jiménez-Castilla
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.M.-R.); (L.O.-R.); (L.J.-C.); (C.G.-G.)
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez-Guerrero
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.M.-R.); (L.O.-R.); (L.J.-C.); (C.G.-G.)
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.M.-R.); (L.O.-R.); (L.J.-C.); (C.G.-G.)
- Correspondence:
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36
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Lavoz C, Rayego-Mateos S, Orejudo M, Opazo-Ríos L, Marchant V, Marquez-Exposito L, Tejera-Muñoz A, Navarro-González JF, Droguett A, Ortiz A, Egido J, Mezzano S, Rodrigues-Diez RR, Ruiz-Ortega M. Could IL-17A Be a Novel Therapeutic Target in Diabetic Nephropathy? J Clin Med 2020; 9:E272. [PMID: 31963845 PMCID: PMC7019373 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease has become a major medical issue in recent years due to its high prevalence worldwide, its association with premature mortality, and its social and economic implications. A number of patients gradually progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), requiring then dialysis and kidney transplantation. Currently, approximately 40% of patients with diabetes develop kidney disease, making it the most prevalent cause of ESRD. Thus, more effective therapies for diabetic nephropathy are needed. In preclinical studies of diabetes, anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies have been used to protect the kidneys. Recent evidence supports that immune cells play an active role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Th17 immune cells and their effector cytokine IL-17A have recently emerged as promising targets in several clinical conditions, including renal diseases. Here, we review current knowledge regarding the involvement of Th17/IL-17A in the genesis of diabetic renal injury, as well as the rationale behind targeting IL-17A as an additional therapy in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lavoz
- Laboratorio de Nefrología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (C.L.); (V.M.); (A.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.O.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (A.O.)
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.O.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (A.O.)
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Opazo-Ríos
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (J.E.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Marchant
- Laboratorio de Nefrología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (C.L.); (V.M.); (A.D.); (S.M.)
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.O.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (A.O.)
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.O.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (A.O.)
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F. Navarro-González
- Unidad de Investigación y Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Alejandra Droguett
- Laboratorio de Nefrología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (C.L.); (V.M.); (A.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.O.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (A.O.)
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (J.E.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Laboratorio de Nefrología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (C.L.); (V.M.); (A.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Raúl R. Rodrigues-Diez
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.O.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (A.O.)
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.O.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (A.O.)
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Systems-Pharmacology-Based Identification of Antitumor Necrosis Factor Effect in Mimeng Flower Decoction for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5107103. [PMID: 31827551 PMCID: PMC6885793 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5107103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine of Mimeng flower decoction (MFD) is effective in treating diabetic retinopathy (DR), but the mechanism is still unclear. This study aims at investigating the mechanism of MFD in treating DR. First, active compounds in MFD were filtered out by the systems pharmacology method and used as bait to fish potential targets. The common genes between the targets and DR-related genes were selected to construct the compound-target-disease network and identify the network hub gene as a key gene. Molecular docking was simulated to assess the binding affinity of active compounds towards the gene protein. Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rat model was administered to evaluate the efficacy of MFD in treating DR and its effects on retinal gene expression. Finally, 53 active compounds were screened out from the seven herbs in MFD, with a total of 136 targets. After intersecting with 210 DR-related genes, 21 common genes were applied to construct the network, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was identified as the hub gene. The active compounds of acacetin, kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin showed a good binding affinity towards TNF (C-score ≥ 4). In diabetic rats, MFD treatment reversed the retinal impairment and decreased retinal TNF expression significantly. In conclusion, this study adopted the method of systems pharmacology to screen out active compounds and construct the compound-target-disease network and found that MFD could ameliorate DR by downregulating the network hub gene of TNF.
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Chen X, Yu X, Li X, Li L, Li F, Guo T, Guan C, Miao L, Cao G. MiR-126 targets IL-17A to enhance proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in high-glucose-induced human retinal endothelial cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 98:277-283. [PMID: 31608649 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), which results in vision loss. This study explored the role of miR-126 in high-glucose-induced human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) and its underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that the expression levels of miR-126 and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in high-glucose-induced HRECs were downregulated and upregulated, respectively. Functionally, overexpression of miR-126 promoted proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in high-glucose-induced HRECs, while IL-17A reversed the effects induced by miR-126. However, overexpression of IL-17A inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis, while knockdown of IL-17A accelerated the proliferation and repressed apoptosis. In addition, miR-126 repressed the expression of IL-17A, Bax, and caspase-3, while promoting the expression of survivin and phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT; restoration of IL-17A rescued these effects. Furthermore, IL-17A was identified as a target of miR-126. This indicates that miR-126 enhances proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in high-glucose-induced HRECs by activating the PI3K-AKT pathway, increasing survivin levels, and decreasing Bax and caspase-3 expression by targeting IL-17A, suggesting that miR-126 could be a novel target for preventing DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuequn Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuihong Guan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liping Miao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoping Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
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Lindstrom SI, Sigurdardottir S, Zapadka TE, Tang J, Liu H, Taylor BE, Smith DG, Lee CA, DeAngelis J, Kern TS, Taylor PR. Diabetes induces IL-17A-Act1-FADD-dependent retinal endothelial cell death and capillary degeneration. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:668-674. [PMID: 31239234 PMCID: PMC6690768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes leads to progressive complications such as diabetic retinopathy, which is the leading cause of blindness within the working-age population worldwide. Interleukin (IL)-17A is a cytokine that promotes and progresses diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine the role of IL-17A in retinal capillary degeneration, and to identify the mechanism that induces retinal endothelial cell death. These are clinically meaningful abnormalities that characterize early-stage non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Retinal capillary degeneration was examined in vivo using the streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes murine model. Diabetic-hyperglycemia was sustained for an 8-month period in wild type (C57BL/6) and IL-17A-/- mice to elucidate the role of IL-17A in retinal capillary degeneration. Further, ex vivo studies were performed in retinal endothelial cells to identify the IL-17A-dependent mechanism that induces cell death. RESULTS It was determined that diabetes-induced retinal capillary degeneration was significantly lower in IL-17A-/- mice. Further, retinal endothelial cell death occurred through an IL-17A/IL-17R ➔ Act1/FADD signaling cascade, which caused caspase-mediated apoptosis. CONCLUSION These are the first findings that establish a pathologic role for IL-17A in retinal capillary degeneration. Further, a novel IL-17A-dependent apoptotic mechanism was discovered, which identifies potential therapeutic targets for the early onset of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I Lindstrom
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Sigrun Sigurdardottir
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Thomas E Zapadka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Brooklyn E Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Dawn G Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Chieh A Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - John DeAngelis
- James E. Van Zandt VA Medical Center, Altoona, PA, United States of America
| | - Timothy S Kern
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Patricia R Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
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Li N, Gao S, Wang J, Zhu Y, Shen X. Anti-apoptotic effect of interleukin-17 in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2019; 187:107743. [PMID: 31348907 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an important cause of visual loss in children born prematurely. Although the involvement of inflammation in the development of ROP is gaining increasing attention, the role of IL-17A in ROP progress remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of IL-17A production in the mice model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and elucidate its potential roles. Wild-type (WT) and IL-17A knockout (IL-17A-/-) mice were exposed to 75% O2 from postnatal day 7 (P7) to P12. Age-matched controls were maintained in room air. Primary Müller cells isolated from WT or IL-17A-/- mice retina were co-cultured with 661W cells and exposed to hypoxic conditions. Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining were used to assess the expression of target protein. Apoptosis in OIR retinal sections and 661W cells was detected by TUNEL staining. Results turned out that IL-17A expression was increased and reached a peak at P22 in OIR retina and at 8 h in hypoxic-cultured Müller cells. IL-17A knockout decreased the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and mature neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in retina of OIR mice as well as hypoxic-cultured Müller cells. The NT-3 release induced by IL-17 was prevented by an ERK-specific inhibitor. In addition, more apoptosis cells and higher levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 was detected in the retina tissues of IL-17A-/- OIR and the 661W cells co-cultured with IL-17A-/- Müller cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that Müller cell was the potential source of IL-17A under the hypoxic conditions. Modulation of the IL-17A/ERK/NT-3 pathway exerts anti-apoptotic effect on photoreceptor cell and may be a novel therapeutic strategy for ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Sha Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yanji Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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41
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Gardner LC, Grantham HJ, Reynolds NJ. IL-17 May Be a Key Cytokine Linking Psoriasis and Hyperglycemia. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1214-1216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sigurdardottir S, Zapadka TE, Lindstrom SI, Liu H, Taylor BE, Lee CA, Kern TS, Taylor PR. Diabetes-mediated IL-17A enhances retinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular permeability. Cell Immunol 2019; 341:103921. [PMID: 31076079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a prevailing diabetes complication, and one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. IL-17A is a cytokine involved in the onset of diabetic complications. In the current study, we examined the role of IL-17A in the development of retinal inflammation and long-term vascular pathology in diabetic mice. We found IL-17A expressing T cells and neutrophils in the retinal vasculature. Further, the IL-17A receptor was expressed on Muller glia, retinal endothelial cells, and photoreceptors. Finally, diabetes-mediated retinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular leakage were all significantly lower in IL-17A-/- mice. These are all clinically meaningful abnormalities that characterize the onset of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Sigurdardottir
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Thomas E Zapadka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sarah I Lindstrom
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Brooklyn E Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Chieh A Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Timothy S Kern
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States; Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Patricia R Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States; Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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Li X, Liu J, Hoh J, Liu J. Müller cells in pathological retinal angiogenesis. Transl Res 2019; 207:96-106. [PMID: 30639368 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Müller cells are the major glial cells spanning the entire layer of the retina and maintaining retinal structure. Under pathological conditions, Müller cells are involved in retinal angiogenesis, a process of growing new blood vessels from pre-existing capillaries. In response to hypoxia, high glucose, and inflammation conditions, multiple signaling pathways are activated in Müller cells, followed by the increased production of proangiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, matrix metalloproteinases, Netrin-4, and angiopoietin-like 4. Expression of antiangiogenic factors is also downregulated in Müller cells. Besides, proliferation and dedifferentiation of Müller cells facilitates retinal angiogenesis. In this review, we summarized molecular mechanisms of Müller cells-related retinal angiogenesis. The potential of Müller cells as a therapeutic target for retinal angiogenesis was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Li
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Taishan Medical College, Taian, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Josephine Hoh
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ju Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Li Y, Zhou Y. Interleukin-17: The Role for Pathological Angiogenesis in Ocular Neovascular Diseases. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2019; 247:87-98. [PMID: 30773517 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.247.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ocular neovascular diseases are featured by abnormal angiogenesis in the eye, and they seriously threaten the human visual health. These diseases include proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). In fact, ocular neovascular diseases represent the leading causes of vision impairment and blindness worldwide. Ocular neovascularization, the process of pathological vessel formation in eye, underlies ocular neovascular diseases. Cytokines have important regulatory roles in neovascularization through immunological networks. Interleukin (IL)-17, the signature cytokine produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, has proven to be involved in ocular neovascularization. However, roles of IL-17 in ocular neovascular diseases still remain controversial. This review provides an overview of the functional roles of IL-17 in ocular neovascular diseases from basic research to clinical evidence by focusing on PDR, AMD, ROP, and RVO. The possible roles of IL-17 in neovascularization are achieved through a regulatory network of cytoskeleton remodeling, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF-related cytokines, and complement components. Current applications as well as potential therapies targeting IL-17 with genome editing systems are also outlined and discussed. Targeting IL-17 might be a promising therapeutic strategy against ocular neovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University.,Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease
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Lavoz C, Matus YS, Orejudo M, Carpio JD, Droguett A, Egido J, Mezzano S, Ruiz-Ortega M. Interleukin-17A blockade reduces albuminuria and kidney injury in an accelerated model of diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2019; 95:1418-1432. [PMID: 30982673 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes, and currently the first end-stage renal disease worldwide. New strategies to treat DN using agents that target inflammatory pathways have attracted special interest. Recent pieces of evidences suggest a promising effect of IL-17A, the Th17 effector cytokine. Among experimental DN models, mouse strain BTBR ob/ob (leptin deficiency mutation) develops histological features similar to human DN, which means an opportunity to study mechanisms and novel therapies aimed at DN regression. We found that BTBR ob/ob mice presented renal activation of the factors controlling Th17 differentiation. The presence of IL-17A-expressing cells, mainly CD4+ and γδ lymphocytes, was associated with upregulation of proinflammatory factors, macrophage infiltration and the beginning of renal damage. To study IL-17A involvement in experimental DN pathogenesis, treatment with an IL-17A neutralizing antibody was carried out starting when the renal damage had already appeared. IL-17A blockade ameliorated renal dysfunction and disease progression in BTBR ob/ob mice. These beneficial effects correlated to podocyte number restoration and inhibition of NF-κB/proinflammatory factors linked to a decrease in renal inflammatory-cell infiltration. These data demonstrate that IL-17A takes part in diabetes-mediated renal damage and could be a promising therapeutic target to improve DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lavoz
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile.
| | | | - Macarena Orejudo
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Daniel Carpio
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandra Droguett
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
The role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory disorders is well-documented, but conflicting results are reported for its role in diabetic nephropathy. Here we examined the role of IL-17 signalling in a model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy through IL-17 knockout mice, administration of neutralising monoclonal anti-IL-17 antibody and in vitro examination of gene expression of renal tubular cells and podocytes under high glucose conditions with or without recombinant IL-17. IL-17 deficient mice were protected against progression of diabetic nephropathy, exhibiting reduced albuminuria, glomerular damage, macrophage accumulation and renal fibrosis at 12 weeks and 24 weeks. Administration of anti-IL-17 monoclonal antibody to diabetic wild-type mice was similarly protective. IL-17 deficiency also attenuated up-regulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes including IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2, CXCL10 and TGF-β in diabetic kidneys. In vitro co-stimulation with recombinant IL-17 and high glucose were synergistic in increasing the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in both cultured renal tubular cells and podocytes. We conclude that absence of IL-17 signalling is protective against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy, thus implying a pro-inflammatory role of IL-17 in its pathogenesis. Targeting the IL-17 axis may represent a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of this disorder.
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Moreno JA, Gomez-Guerrero C, Mas S, Sanz AB, Lorenzo O, Ruiz-Ortega M, Opazo L, Mezzano S, Egido J. Targeting inflammation in diabetic nephropathy: a tale of hope. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:917-930. [PMID: 30334635 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1538352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Beyond the new anti-diabetic drugs that possess markedly cardiovascular and renal protective effects, no novel direct therapies for DN have become available on the market in the last twenty years. Recently well-designed clinical trials for the treatment of DN, with attractive pathogenetic rationale, e.g. bardoxolone and atrasentan, were canceled or stopped because of safety concerns or lack of reaching the end points, respectively. AREAS COVERED In this review, we focus on the involvement of inflammation in the pathogenesis of DN. We update information from recent experimental and clinical studies that reported beneficial effects of several agents targeting chemokines, cytokines, transcription factors and kinases as well as several compounds with anti-inflammatory properties on DN. EXPERT OPINION Inflammation plays a key role in the DN progression. Preclinical studies have identified several anti-inflammatory molecules that effective decrease albuminuria and/or proteinuria. However, limited clinical trials in humans have been performed to confirm these results. Inhibitors of CCL2/CCR2, IL-1β and JAK/STAT pathways, and Nrf2 inducers are promising therapeutic options to improve the renal outcome of patients with DN, but appropriate clinical trials are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Moreno
- a Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital-Health Research Institute (FIIS-FJD) , Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Carmen Gomez-Guerrero
- a Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital-Health Research Institute (FIIS-FJD) , Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM) , Madrid , Spain.,b Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Sebastian Mas
- a Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital-Health Research Institute (FIIS-FJD) , Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM) , Madrid , Spain.,b Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana Belen Sanz
- a Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital-Health Research Institute (FIIS-FJD) , Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM) , Madrid , Spain.,c Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN) , Spain
| | - Oscar Lorenzo
- a Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital-Health Research Institute (FIIS-FJD) , Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM) , Madrid , Spain.,b Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- c Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN) , Spain.,d Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory , FIIS-FJD, UAM , Madrid , Spain
| | - Lucas Opazo
- e Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine , Universidad Austral , Valdivia , Chile
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- e Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine , Universidad Austral , Valdivia , Chile
| | - Jesus Egido
- a Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital-Health Research Institute (FIIS-FJD) , Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM) , Madrid , Spain.,b Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) , Madrid , Spain
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48
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Pena J, Dulger N, Singh T, Zhou J, Majeska R, Redenti S, Vazquez M. Controlled microenvironments to evaluate chemotactic properties of cultured Müller glia. Exp Eye Res 2018; 173:129-137. [PMID: 29753729 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging therapies have begun to evaluate the abilities of Müller glial cells (MGCs) to protect and/or regenerate neurons following retina injury. The migration of donor cells is central to many reparative strategies, where cells must achieve appropriate positioning to facilitate localized repair. Although chemical cues have been implicated in the MGC migratory responses of numerous retinopathies, MGC-based therapies have yet to explore the extent to which external biochemical stimuli can direct MGC behavior. The current study uses a microfluidics-based assay to evaluate the migration of cultured rMC-1 cells (as model MGC) in response to quantitatively-controlled microenvironments of signaling factors implicated in retinal regeneration: basic Fibroblast Growth factor (bFGF or FGF2); Fibroblast Growth factor 8 (FGF8); Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF); and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). Findings indicate that rMC-1 cells exhibited minimal motility in response to FGF2, FGF8 and VEGF, but highly-directional migration in response to EGF. Further, the responses were blocked by inhibitors of EGF-R and of the MAPK signaling pathway. Significantly, microfluidics data demonstrate that changes in the EGF gradient (i.e. change in EGF concentration over distance) resulted in the directional chemotactic migration of the cells. By contrast, small increases in EGF concentration, alone, resulted in non-directional cell motility, or chemokinesis. This microfluidics-enhanced approach, incorporating the ability both to modulate and asses the responses of motile donor cells to a range of potential chemotactic stimuli, can be applied to potential donor cell populations obtained directly from human specimens, and readily expanded to incorporate drug-eluting biomaterials and combinations of desired ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pena
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 160 Convent Ave., Steinman Hall ST-403D, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Nihan Dulger
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 160 Convent Ave., Steinman Hall ST-403D, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Tanya Singh
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 160 Convent Ave., Steinman Hall ST-403D, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Lehman College, Department of Biology, 250 Bedford Park Blvd, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Robert Majeska
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 160 Convent Ave., Steinman Hall ST-403D, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Stephen Redenti
- Lehman College, Department of Biology, 250 Bedford Park Blvd, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA; The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Maribel Vazquez
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 160 Convent Ave., Steinman Hall ST-403D, New York, NY, 10031, USA; The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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49
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Clements AE, Chamberlain CS, Leiferman EM, Murphy WL, Vanderby R. Impacts of Interleukin-17 Neutralization on the Inflammatory Response in a Healing Ligament. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2. [PMID: 28782060 PMCID: PMC5542014 DOI: 10.4172/2576-3881.1000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we sought to improve ligament healing by modulating the inflammatory response after acute injury through the neutralization of Interleukin-17 (IL-17), which we hypothesized would decrease inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine production. Administration of an Interleukin-17 neutralizing antibody (IL-17 NA) immediately following a rat medial collateral ligament (MCL) transection resulted in alterations in inflammatory cell populations and cytokine expression within the healing ligament, but did not reduce inflammation. Specifically, treatment resulted in a decrease in M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages, an increase in T cells, and an increase in the levels of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12 in the MCL 7 days post injury. IL-17NA treatment, and subsequent immunomodulation, did not result in improved ligament healing, as measured by collagen composition and wound size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eb Clements
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Connie S Chamberlain
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ellen M Leiferman
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ray Vanderby
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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