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Tabiś K, Maćków M, Nowacki D, Poprawa R. Adapting the Dietary Fat and Free Sugar Short Questionnaire: A Comprehensive Polish Modification for Enhanced Precision in Nutritional Assessments. Nutrients 2024; 16:503. [PMID: 38398827 PMCID: PMC10892036 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate whether The Dietary Fat and Free Sugar-Short Questionnaire (DFS) is a reliable and valid measure that can be used in Polish conditions. It involved 291 participants, aged 14 to 70 (M = 25.9, SD = 10.1), the majority of whom were women (75%). METHODS The questionnaire consisted of, among others, Polish DFS version, FFQ-6, TFEQ, and SCOFF. Test-retest reliability was established on the group of 26 students with a 2-week interval. Participants' percentage of energy intake from both free sugars and saturated fats based on FFQ was correlated with DFS total and subscales scores. To investigate convergent and divergent validity, DFS scores with TFEQ correlations were performed. Diagnostic validity was established based on difference analysis between groups with the risk of eating disorders and those without the risk of those based on SCOFF. RESULTS Test-retest reliability (rtr = 0.856) and internal consistency (α = 0.797) indicated excellent reliability. DFS correlated significantly with FFQ for both total scores (r = 0.82) and each subscale: sugar (0.79), fat (0.75), and fat-sugar (0.59). The correlations of DFS and TFEQ were statistically significant for cognitive restraint (r = 0.32) and uncontrolled eating (r = 0.19). There also have been found significant differences based on SCOFF regarding DFS. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest good reliability and validity of the Polish version of DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Tabiś
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Monika Maćków
- Department of Human Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Dorian Nowacki
- Department of Human Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Ryszard Poprawa
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Lammert M, Medawar E, Hartmann H, Grasser L, Dietrich A, Fenske W, Horstmann A. Distinct adaptations of endocrine and cognitive functions may contribute to high variability in long-term weight loss outcome after bariatric surgery. Physiol Behav 2023:114279. [PMID: 37356514 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery has been widely recognized as the most efficient long-term treatment method in severe obesity, yet therapy success shows considerable interindividual variability. Postoperative metabolic adaptations, including improved gut hormone secretion (GLP-1, PYY and ghrelin), and restored executive function may play an explanatory role in weight loss, yet causes for poor success in individual patients remain unknown. This study investigates gut-hormonal and cognitive characteristics in extreme weight loss responders to bariatric surgery. METHODS Patients (n=47) with high or low excessive weight loss (EWL) at least 2 years after Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy were allocated into good responders (GR, EWL 82.4 ± 11.6%) and poor responders (PR, EWL 24.0 ± SD 12.8%) to study differences in postprandial secretion of GLP-1, PYY, ghrelin and in working memory (WM). RESULTS Mean BMI was 47.1 ± 6.2 kg/m² in PR (n=21) and 28.9 ± 3.1 kg/m² in GR (n=26, p < 0.001). Fasted GLP-1 and PYY were comparable for GR and PR (p > 0.2) and increased strongly after a standardized test meal (300 kcal liquid meal) with a peak at 15 to 30 minutes. The increase was stronger in GR compared to PR (GLP-1, PYY: Time x Group p < 0.05). Plasma ghrelin levels already differed between groups at fasted state, showing significantly higher levels for GR (p < 0.05). Postprandially, ghrelin secretion was suppressed in both groups, but suppression was higher in GR (Time x Group p < 0.05). GR showed significantly higher WM scores than PR (p < 0.05). Postprandial ghrelin (iAUC), but not GLP-1 or PYY plasma levels, significantly mediated the relationship between EWL and a WM subscore (IS score, CI = 0.07 - 1.68), but not WM main score (MIS score, CI = -0.07 - 1.54), in mediation analyses. CONCLUSION Excess weight loss success after bariatric surgical procedures is associated with distinct profiles of gut-hormones at fasted and postprandial state, and differences in working memory. Better working memory performance in GR might be mediated by higher postprandial reduction in ghrelin plasma levels. Future studies need to integrate longitudinal data, larger samples and more sensitive cognitive tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathis Lammert
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Centre, Collaborative Research Centre 1052-A5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Evelyn Medawar
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Hartmann
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Centre, Collaborative Research Centre 1052-A5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Linda Grasser
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Department of Obesity, Metabolic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Fenske
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University Medical Centre, Collaborative Research Centre 1052-A5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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Edwin Thanarajah S, DiFeliceantonio AG, Albus K, Kuzmanovic B, Rigoux L, Iglesias S, Hanßen R, Schlamann M, Cornely OA, Brüning JC, Tittgemeyer M, Small DM. Habitual daily intake of a sweet and fatty snack modulates reward processing in humans. Cell Metab 2023; 35:571-584.e6. [PMID: 36958330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Western diets rich in fat and sugar promote excess calorie intake and weight gain; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Despite a well-documented association between obesity and altered brain dopamine function, it remains elusive whether these alterations are (1) pre-existing, increasing the individual susceptibility to weight gain, (2) secondary to obesity, or (3) directly attributable to repeated exposure to western diet. To close this gap, we performed a randomized, controlled study (NCT05574660) with normal-weight participants exposed to a high-fat/high-sugar snack or a low-fat/low-sugar snack for 8 weeks in addition to their regular diet. The high-fat/high-sugar intervention decreased the preference for low-fat food while increasing brain response to food and associative learning independent of food cues or reward. These alterations were independent of changes in body weight and metabolic parameters, indicating a direct effect of high-fat, high-sugar foods on neurobehavioral adaptations that may increase the risk for overeating and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmili Edwin Thanarajah
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexandra G DiFeliceantonio
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion & Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Kerstin Albus
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) & Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Lionel Rigoux
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Iglesias
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Hanßen
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEPD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Schlamann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver A Cornely
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) & Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS Köln), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEPD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Tittgemeyer
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Dana M Small
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Mae Armitage R, Iatridi V, Thanh Vi C, Richard Yeomans M. Phenotypic differences in taste hedonics: the effects of sweet liking. Food Qual Prefer 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2023.104845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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Thieleking R, Schneidewind L, Kanyamibwa A, Hartmann H, Horstmann A, Witte AV, Medawar E. Nutrient scoring for the DEGS1-FFQ - from food intake to nutrient intake. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:12. [PMID: 36639712 PMCID: PMC9837986 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While necessary for studying dietary decision-making or public health, estimates of nutrient supply based on self-reported food intake are barely accessible or fully lacking and remain a challenge in human research. In particular, detailed information on dietary fiber is limited. In this study we introduce an automated openly available approach to assess self-reported nutrient intake for research purposes for a popular, validated German food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). METHODS To this end, we i) developed and shared a code for assessing nutrients (carbohydrates, fat, protein, sugar, fiber, etc.) for 53 items of the quantitative, validated German DEGS1-FFQ questionnaire implementing expert-guided nutritional values of diverse sources with several raters. In a sample of individuals (nGUT-BRAIN = 61 (21 female) overweight, omnivorous), we ii) cross-validated nutrient intake of the last 7 days and the last 24 h and iii) computed test-retest reliability across two timepoints. Further, iv) we reported newly computed nutrient intake for two independent cross-sectional cohorts with continuous weight status and different dietary habits (nMensa = 134 (79 female, 1 diverse), nGREADT = 76 male). Exploratively, we v) correlated computed, energy-adjusted nutrient intake with anthropometric markers and HbA1c and vi) used linear mixed models to analyse the predictability of BMI and WHR by nutrient intake. RESULTS In overweight adults (n = 61 (21 female), mean age 28.2 ± 6.5 years, BMI 27.4 ± 1.6 kg/m2) nutrient intakes were mostly within recommended reference nutrient ranges for both last 7 days and last 24 h. Recommended fiber intake was not reached and sugar intake was surpassed. Calculated energy intake was significantly higher from last 24 h than from last 7 days but energy-adjusted nutrient intakes did not differ between those timeframes. Reliability of nutrient values between last 7 days and 24 h per visit was moderate (Pearson's rhoall ≥ 0.33, rhomax = 0.62) and absolute agreement across two timepoints was low to high for 7 days (Pearson's rhomin = 0.12, rhomax = 0.64,) and low to moderate for 24 h (Pearson's rhomin = 0.11, rhomax = 0.45). Associations of dietary components to anthropometric markers showed distinct sex differences, with overall higher intake by males compared to females and only females presenting a negative association of BMI with fiber intake. Lastly, in the overweight sample (but not when extending the analysis to a wider BMI range of 18.6-36.4 kg/m2), we could confirm that higher BMI was predicted by lower energy-adjusted fiber intake and higher energy-adjusted fat intake (when adjusting for age, sex and physical activity) while higher WHR was predicted by higher energy intake. CONCLUSION We provide an openly available tool to systematically assess nutrient intake, including fiber, based on self-report by a common German FFQ. The computed nutrient scores resembled overall plausible and reliable measures of nutrient intake given the known limitations of FFQs regarding over- or underreporting and suggest valid comparability when adjusting for energy intake. Our open code nutrient scoring can help to examine dietary intake in experimental studies, including dietary fiber, and can be readily adapted to other FFQs. Further validation of computed nutrients with biomarkers and nutrient-specific metabolites in serum, urine or feces will help to interpret self-reported dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Thieleking
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lennard Schneidewind
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arsene Kanyamibwa
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hendrik Hartmann
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annette Horstmann
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Veronica Witte
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.411339.d0000 0000 8517 9062Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evelyn Medawar
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Weydmann G, Souzedo FB, Tavares P, Corrêa L, Heidrich H, Holland H, Bizarro L. Parsing the link between reinforcement sensitivity theory and eating behavior: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 134:104525. [PMID: 34998836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) is a widely studied psychobiological model of personality. RST factors seem to influence eating behavior, but how these personality traits are associated with distinct features of eating behavior is still unclear. In the present systematic review, we analyzed the relationship between RST personality factors and eating behavior using a parsing approach in which BMI-related results, self-reported results, and behavioral results were distinguished. Our analysis revealed that reward and punishment sensitivity seem to correlate and influence distinct features of eating behavior. The association between BMI and RST factors was uncertain, but nonlinear associations between reward sensitivity and weight need further testing. Reward sensitivity was linked to most eating behavior phenotypes (e.g., emotional eating and restrained eating), but only punishment sensitivity was primarily correlated with eating pathology. Reward sensitivity was the main factor linked with reactivity to food stimuli on many behavioral measures. The neurobiological personality factors of RST offer parsimonious concepts to understand eating behavior outcomes and the differential relationships observed are useful to translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibson Weydmann
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Bellesia Souzedo
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrice Tavares
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana Corrêa
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Heiner Heidrich
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Heitor Holland
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Avenida Unisinos 950, 93022-000, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Bizarro
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcellos 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Hartmann H, Pauli LK, Janssen LK, Huhn S, Ceglarek U, Horstmann A. Preliminary evidence for an association between intake of high-fat high-sugar diet, variations in peripheral dopamine precursor availability and dopamine-dependent cognition in humans. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12917. [PMID: 33270945 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with alterations in dopaminergic transmission and cognitive function. Rodent studies suggest that diets rich in saturated fat and refined sugars (HFS), as opposed to diets diets low in saturated fat and refined sugars (LFS), change the dopamine system independent of excessive body weight. However, the impact of HFS on the human brain has not been investigated. Here, we compared the effect of dietary dopamine depletion on dopamine-dependent cognitive task performance between two groups differing in habitual intake of dietary fat and sugar. Specifically, we used a double-blind within-subject cross-over design to compare the effect of acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion on a reinforcement learning and a working memory task, in two groups that are on opposite ends of the spectrum of self-reported HFS intake (low vs high intake: LFS vs HFS group). We tested 31 healthy young women matched for body mass index (mostly normal weight to overweight) and IQ. Depletion of peripheral precursors of dopamine reduced the working memory specific performance on the operation span task in the LFS, but not in the HFS group (P = 0.016). Learning from positive- and negative-reinforcement (probabilistic selection task) was increased in both diet groups after dopamine depletion (P = 0.049). As a secondary exploratory research question, we measured peripheral dopamine precursor availability (pDAP) at baseline as an estimate for central dopamine levels. The HFS group had a significantly higher pDAP at baseline compared to the LFS group (P = 0.025). Our data provide the first evidence indicating that the intake of HFS is associated with changes in dopamine precursor availability, which is suggestive of changes in central dopamine levels in humans. The observed associations are present in a sample of normal to overweight participants (ie, in the absence of obesity), suggesting that the consumption of a HFS might already be associated with altered behaviours. Alternatively, the effects of HFS diet and obesity might be independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Hartmann
- Collaborative Research Centre 1052 'Obesity Mechanisms', Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Larissa K Pauli
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lieneke K Janssen
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Huhn
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Collaborative Research Centre 1052 'Obesity Mechanisms', Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, MaxPlanck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Poessel M, Breuer N, Joshi A, Pampel A, Villringer A, Hummel T, Horstmann A. Reduced Olfactory Bulb Volume in Obesity and Its Relation to Metabolic Health Status. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:586998. [PMID: 33328935 PMCID: PMC7729134 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.586998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Smell perception plays an important role in eating behavior and might be involved in body weight gain. Since a body of literature implies that olfactory perception and function is hampered in obesity, we here investigate neuroanatomical correlates of this phenomenon. We assessed olfactory bulb (OB) volume with magnetic resonance imaging in 67 healthy participants with a body mass index (BMI) from 18.9 to 45.4 kg/m2 (mean = 28.58 ± 6.64). Moreover, we obtained psychophysiological data on olfactory ability (Sniffin' Sticks, Food associated odor test) and self-report measurements on eating behavior. Additionally, we collected parameters associated with metabolic health in obesity (waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, leptin levels, body fat percentage, fat mass index, insulin resistance) to investigate recently proposed mechanistic explanatory models of why olfaction may be altered in obesity. We showed that OB volume was significantly lower in participants with obesity when compared to those of normal weight. Moreover, we found weak to moderate negative correlations between OB volume and BMI and related measures of metabolic health, especially leptin, body fat percentage, waist-height ratio and insulin resistance. However, neither OB volume nor BMI were related to olfactory function in our young and healthy sample. Nevertheless, our results provide first indications that obesity is associated with brain anatomical changes in the OBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Poessel
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Breuer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Akshita Joshi
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Dresden, Germany
| | - André Pampel
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital at the University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Mind Brain Body Institute, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, German.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School on the Life Course, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School on the Neuroscience of Communication, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Dresden Medical School, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Leipzig University Medical Center, Collaborative Research Council (CRC) 1052A5 'Obesity Mechanisms', Leipzig, Germany
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9
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The Aetiology of Olfactory Dysfunction and Its Relationship to Diet Quality. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110769. [PMID: 33114032 PMCID: PMC7690664 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
People with olfactory loss may choose foods rich in sugar, salt and fat to compensate their loss—foods that constitute a Western-style diet (WSD). However, olfactory dysfunction has not been consistently linked to any particular type of dietary change. Here we considered whether the aetiology of olfactory dysfunction may affect consumption of a WSD. Two-hundred and twenty-two people with olfactory dysfunction of varying cause, were tested for chemosensory performance and their frequency of consumption of a WSD. There was no evidence of a link between a WSD and olfactory dysfunction at the aggregate level, but an aetiology-based approach revealed various patterns, showing both positive and negative associations between olfactory performance and consumption of a WSD. We suggest a number of reasons why, in certain cases, greater olfactory dysfunction may be linked to lower intakes of a WSD, and the role that different aetiologies may have in affecting choices for foods that may appeal following olfactory impairment.
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10
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Fürtjes S, King JA, Goeke C, Seidel M, Goschke T, Horstmann A, Ehrlich S. Automatic and Controlled Processing: Implications for Eating Behavior. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041097. [PMID: 32326623 PMCID: PMC7230536 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a widely held view that humans have control over their food choices and consumption. However, research also suggests that eating behavior is often triggered by contextual cues and guided by automaticities and habits. Interestingly, the dichotomy between automatic and controlled processing has recently been challenged, suggesting that they may be intertwined. In a large female sample (n = 567), we investigated the hypothesis that task-based and self-reported measures of automatic and controlled processing would interact and impact self-reported eating behavior. Results analyzed via structural equation modeling suggest that automatic, but not controlled processing, during a modified flanker task, including a context-specific proportion congruent (CSPC) manipulation, was inversely associated with self-reported self-control. The influence of self-control on unhealthy eating behavior (i.e., uncontrolled and emotional eating, heightened consumption of fat and sugar) was only indirect via habitual behavior, which itself had a strong direct impact. Unhealthy eating was further associated with real-life outcomes (e.g., body mass index (BMI)). Our findings suggest that eating behavior may indeed be guided primarily by automaticities and habits, whereas self-control might facilitate this association. Having self-control over eating might therefore be most effective by avoiding contextual cues eliciting undesired automatic behavior and establishing habits that serve long-term goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Fürtjes
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (S.F.); (J.A.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Joseph A. King
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (S.F.); (J.A.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Caspar Goeke
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany;
| | - Maria Seidel
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (S.F.); (J.A.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Thomas Goschke
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland;
- Leipzig University Medical Center, Universität Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (S.F.); (J.A.K.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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