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Li Y, Long J, Zhang Z, Yin W. Insights into the unique roles of dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) in wound healing. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1346612. [PMID: 38465261 PMCID: PMC10920283 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1346612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) is a newly recognized layer of adipocytes within the reticular dermis of the skin. In many mammals, this layer is clearly separated by panniculus carnosus from subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT). While, they concentrated around the hair shaft and follicle, sebaceous gland, and arrector pili muscle, and forms a very specific cone geometry in human. Both the anatomy and the histology indicate that dWAT has distinct development and functions. Different from sWAT, the developmental origin of dWAT shares a common precursor with dermal fibroblasts during embryogenesis. Therefore, when skin injury happens and mature adipocytes in dWAT are exposed, they may undergo lipolysis and dedifferentiate into fibroblasts to participate in wound healing as embryogenetic stage. Studies using genetic strategies to selectively ablate dermal adipocytes observed delayed revascularization and re-epithelialization in wound healing. This review specifically summarizes the hypotheses of the functions of dWAT in wound healing. First, lipolysis of dermal adipocytes could contribute to wound healing by regulating inflammatory macrophage infiltration. Second, loss of dermal adipocytes occurs at the wound edge, and adipocyte-derived cells then become ECM-producing wound bed myofibroblasts during the proliferative phase of repair. Third, mature dermal adipocytes are rich resources for adipokines and cytokines and could release them in response to injury. In addition, the dedifferentiated dermal adipocytes are more sensitive to redifferentiation protocol and could undergo expansion in infected wound. We then briefly introduce the roles of dWAT in protecting the skin from environmental challenges: production of an antimicrobial peptide against infection. In the future, we believe there may be great potential for research in these areas: (1) taking advantage of the plasticity of dermal adipocytes and manipulating them in wound healing; (2) investigating the precise mechanism of dWAT expansion in infected wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wen Yin
- *Correspondence: Ziang Zhang, ; Wen Yin,
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Barthelemy J, Bogard G, Wolowczuk I. Beyond energy balance regulation: The underestimated role of adipose tissues in host defense against pathogens. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1083191. [PMID: 36936928 PMCID: PMC10019896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1083191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the adipose tissue (AT) is a central metabolic organ in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis, it is also an important endocrine and immunological organ. As an endocrine organ, AT secretes a variety of bioactive peptides known as adipokines - some of which have inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. As an immunological organ, AT contains a broad spectrum of innate and adaptive immune cells that have mostly been studied in the context of obesity. However, overwhelming evidence supports the notion that AT is a genuine immunological effector site, which contains all cell subsets required to induce and generate specific and effective immune responses against pathogens. Indeed, AT was reported to be an immune reservoir in the host's response to infection, and a site of parasitic, bacterial and viral infections. In addition, besides AT's immune cells, preadipocytes and adipocytes were shown to express innate immune receptors, and adipocytes were reported as antigen-presenting cells to regulate T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity. Here we review the current knowledge on the role of AT and AT's immune system in host defense against pathogens. First, we will summarize the main characteristics of AT: type, distribution, function, and extraordinary plasticity. Second, we will describe the intimate contact AT has with lymph nodes and vessels, and AT immune cell composition. Finally, we will present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the current research on the contribution of AT to host defense against pathogens, including the respiratory viruses influenza and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabelle Wolowczuk
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), Lille, France
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Song J, Farris D, Ariza P, Moorjani S, Varghese M, Blin M, Chen J, Tyrrell D, Zhang M, Singer K, Salmon M, Goldstein DR. Age-associated adipose tissue inflammation promotes monocyte chemotaxis and enhances atherosclerosis. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13783. [PMID: 36683460 PMCID: PMC9924943 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although aging enhances atherosclerosis, we do not know if this occurs via alterations in circulating immune cells, lipid metabolism, vasculature, or adipose tissue. Here, we examined whether aging exerts a direct pro-atherogenic effect on adipose tissue in mice. After demonstrating that aging augmented the inflammatory profile of visceral but not subcutaneous adipose tissue, we transplanted visceral fat from young or aged mice onto the right carotid artery of Ldlr-/- recipients. Aged fat transplants not only increased atherosclerotic plaque size with increased macrophage numbers in the adjacent carotid artery, but also in distal vascular territories, indicating that aging of the adipose tissue enhances atherosclerosis via secreted factors. By depleting macrophages from the visceral fat, we identified that adipose tissue macrophages are major contributors of the secreted factors. To identify these inflammatory factors, we found that aged fat transplants secreted increased levels of the inflammatory mediators TNFα, CXCL2, and CCL2, which synergized to promote monocyte chemotaxis. Importantly, the combined blockade of these inflammatory mediators impeded the ability of aged fat transplants to enhance atherosclerosis. In conclusion, our study reveals that aging enhances atherosclerosis via increased inflammation of visceral fat. Our study suggests that future therapies targeting the visceral fat may reduce atherosclerosis disease burden in the expanding older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrui Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Diana Farris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Paola Ariza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Smriti Moorjani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Mita Varghese
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Muriel Blin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Judy Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Graduate Program in ImmunologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Daniel Tyrrell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Graduate Program in ImmunologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Morgan Salmon
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Daniel R. Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Graduate Program in ImmunologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Abstract
Adipose tissue is a complex dynamic organ with whole-body immunometabolic influence. Much of the work into understanding the role of immune cells in adipose tissue has been in the context of obesity. These investigations have also uncovered a range of typical (immune) and non-typical functions exerted by adipose tissue leukocytes. Here we provide an overview of the adipose tissue immune system, including its role as an immune reservoir in the whole-body response to infection and as a site of parasitic and viral infections. We also describe the functional roles of specialized immunological structures found within adipose tissue. However, our main focus is on the recently discovered 'non-immune' functions of adipose tissue immune cells, which include the regulation of adipocyte homeostasis, as well as responses to changing nutrient status and body temperature. In doing so, we outline the therapeutic potential of the adipose tissue immune system in health and disease.
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Broadway R, Patel NM, Hillier LE, El-Briri A, Korneva YS, Zinovkin DA, Pranjol MZI. Potential Role of Diabetes Mellitus-Associated T Cell Senescence in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Omental Metastasis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:788. [PMID: 34440532 PMCID: PMC8401827 DOI: 10.3390/life11080788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths among women and is associated with age and age-related diseases. With increasing evidence of risks associated with metabolic inflammatory conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it is important to understand the complex pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cancer progression and metastasis. Age-related conditions can lead to both genotypic and phenotypic immune function alterations, such as induction of senescence, which can contribute to disease progression. Immune senescence is a common phenomenon in the ageing population, which is now known to play a role in multiple diseases, often detrimentally. EOC progression and metastasis, with the highest rates in the 75-79 age group in women, have been shown to be influenced by immune cells within the "milky spots" or immune clusters of the omentum. As T2DM has been reported to cause T cell senescence in both prediabetic and diabetic patients, there is a possibility that poor prognosis in EOC patients with T2DM is partly due to the accumulation of senescent T cells in the omentum. In this review, we explore this hypothesis with recent findings, potential therapeutic approaches, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianne Broadway
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK; (R.B.); (L.E.H.)
| | - Nikita M. Patel
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (N.M.P.); (A.E.-B.)
| | - Lucy E. Hillier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK; (R.B.); (L.E.H.)
| | - Amal El-Briri
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (N.M.P.); (A.E.-B.)
| | - Yulia S. Korneva
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Smolensk State Medical University, Krupskoy St., 28, 214019 Smolensk, Russia;
- Smolensk Regional Institute of Pathology, Gagarina av, 214020 Smolensk, Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Zinovkin
- Department of Pathology, Gomel State Medical University, 246000 Gomel Region, Belarus;
| | - Md Zahidul I. Pranjol
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK; (R.B.); (L.E.H.)
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Zamboni M, Nori N, Brunelli A, Zoico E. How does adipose tissue contribute to inflammageing? Exp Gerontol 2020; 143:111162. [PMID: 33253807 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Across aging, white adipose tissue (WAT) undergoes significant changes in quantity and distribution, with an increase in visceral adipose tissue, ectopic fat deposition and a decline in gluteofemoral subcutaneous depot. In particular, WAT becomes dysfunctional with an increase in production of inflammatory peptides and a decline of those with anti-inflammatory activity and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Moreover, dysfunction of WAT is characterized by preadipocyte differentiation decline, increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, reduction in vascularization and hypoxia, increased fibrosis and senescent cell accumulation. WAT changes represent an important hallmark of the aging process and may be responsible for the systemic pro-inflammatory state ("inflammageing") typical of aging itself, leading to age-related metabolic alterations. This review focuses on mechanisms linking age-related WAT changes to inflammageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Zamboni
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatric and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Nicole Nori
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Brunelli
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Zoico
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Jia X, Berta G, Gábris F, Kellermayer Z, Balogh P. Role of adipose-associated lymphoid tissues in the immunological homeostasis of the serosal surface. Immunol Lett 2020; 228:135-141. [PMID: 33166529 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although not typical lymphoid organs, analysis of the visceral adipose-associated lymphoid tissues has recently substantially expanded our knowledge about the immunological features of these elusive compartments. Recent data have highlighted their considerable complexity in cellular organization and interactions in several biological processes, including adaptive immune responses, tissue plasticity to accommodate mesenchymal stem cells and progenitors, and providing a suitable microenvironment for serosal tumor propagation. This review aims to present a comprehensive view of the adipose-associated lymphoid tissues in local and systemic immune responsiveness, with particular emphasis on the omental and mesenteric lymphoid tissues in the serosal defense of abdominal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkai Jia
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary; Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Fanni Gábris
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary; Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kellermayer
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary; Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary
| | - Péter Balogh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary; Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Hungary.
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Fetal Growth Trajectories and Their Association with Maternal, Cord Blood, and 5-year Child Adipokines. J Nutr Metab 2020; 2020:4861523. [PMID: 33029393 PMCID: PMC7530496 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4861523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The growth of the fetus is a complex process influenced by multiple factors. Studies have highlighted the important role of biochemical growth markers such as leptin and adiponectin on fetal growth. Objective To compare fetal growth trajectories with biochemical growth markers from maternal blood samples at 28 weeks' gestation, cord blood samples at birth, and in child blood samples at 5 years of age from mother-infant pairs who were part of the longitudinal ROLO study. Methods 781 mother-infant pairs from the ROLO and ROLO Kids study were included. Ultrasound measurements and birth weight were used to develop fetal growth trajectory groups for estimated abdominal circumference and estimated weight. Blood serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, insulin, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 from maternal, cord, and 5-year child samples were recorded. ANOVA and chi-square tests were applied to test the associations between fetal growth trajectory membership and maternal and child biochemical growth indicators. The influence of child sex was also investigated. Results Male sex was associated with a faster weight trajectory compared to females (p=0.001). At 28 weeks' gestation, maternal leptin levels were significantly higher in mothers with a fetus on a slower estimated abdominal circumference trajectory compared to fast (25616 [IQR: 11656.0 to 35341.0] vs. 14753.8 [IQR: 8565.4 to 24308.1], p < 0.001) and maternal adiponectin levels were lower in fetuses on a slower estimated abdominal circumference trajectory compared to a fast trajectory (22.4 [IQR: 13.6 to 35.9] vs. 27.6 [IQR: 17.6 to 46.3], p=0.027). No associations were noted with inflammatory markers. No associations were identified between fetal growth trajectories and growth markers at 5 years of age. Conclusions This study shows that male sex is associated with an accelerated estimated weight trajectory. Furthermore, high leptin and low adiponectin in maternal serum in late gestation are associated with a slower fetal growth trajectory. No associations were identified with blood growth markers after pregnancy.
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Chirumbolo S. Oxidative Stress, Nutrition and Cancer: Friends or Foes? World J Mens Health 2020; 39:19-30. [PMID: 32202081 PMCID: PMC7752511 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.190167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between cancer and nutrition, as well as nutrition and oxidative stress, shares puzzling aspects that current research is investigating as the possible components of an intriguing regulating mechanism involving the complex interplay between adipose tissue and other compartments. Along the very recent biological evolution, humans underwent a rapid change in their lifestyles and henceforth the role of the adipocytes earned a much more complex task in the fine tuning of the tissue microenvironment. A lipidic signaling language probably evolved in association with the signaling role of reactive oxygen species, which gained a fundamental part in the regulation of cell stem and plasticity. The possible relationship with cancer onset might have some causative mechanism in the impairment of this complex task, usually deregulated by drastic changes in one's own lifestyle and dietary habit. This review tries to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Simon HU, Yousefi S, Germic N, Arnold IC, Haczku A, Karaulov AV, Simon D, Rosenberg HF. The Cellular Functions of Eosinophils: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum (CIA) Update 2020. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 181:11-23. [PMID: 31786573 DOI: 10.1159/000504847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils and their secretory mediators play an important role in the pathogenesis of infectious and inflammatory disorders. Although eosinophils are largely evolutionally conserved, their physiologic functions are not well understood. Given the availability of new eosinophil-targeted depletion therapies, there has been a renewed interest in understanding eosinophil biology as these strategies may result in secondary disorders when applied over long periods of time. Recent data suggest that eosinophils are not only involved in immunological effector functions but also carry out tissue protective and immunoregulatory functions that actively contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis. Prolonged eosinophil depletion may therefore result in the development of secondary disorders. Here, we review recent literature pointing to important roles for eosinophils in promoting immune defense, antibody production, activation of adipose tissue, and tissue remodeling and fibrosis. We also reflect on patient data from clinical trials that feature anti-eosinophil therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, .,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation,
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nina Germic
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle C Arnold
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Haczku
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Alexander V Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helene F Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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