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Wilson PB, Winter IP, Burdin J. Differences in urine creatinine and osmolality between black and white Americans after accounting for age, moisture intake, urine volume, and socioeconomic status. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304803. [PMID: 38820483 PMCID: PMC11142698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Urine osmolality is used throughout research to determine hydration levels. Prior studies have found black individuals to have elevated urine creatinine and osmolality, but it remains unclear which factors explain these findings. This cross-sectional, observational study sought to understand the relationship of self-reported race to urine creatinine and urine osmolality after accounting for age, socioeconomic status, and fluid intake. Data from 1,386 participants of the 2009-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were utilized. Age, poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), urine flow rate (UFR), fluid intake, estimated lean body mass (LBM), urine creatinine, and urine osmolality were measured. In a sex-specific manner, black and white participants were matched on age, dietary moisture, UFR, and PIR. Urine creatinine was greater in black men (171 mg/dL) than white men (150 mg/dL) and greater in black women (147 mg/dL) than white women (108 mg/dL) (p < .001). Similarly, urine osmolality was greater in black women than white women (723 vs. 656 mOsm/kg, p = .001), but no difference was observed between white and black men (737 vs. 731 mOsm/kg, p = .417). Estimated LBM was greater in black men (61.8 kg) and women (45.5 kg) than in white men (58.9 kg) and women (42.2 kg) (p≤.001). The strongest correlate of urine osmolality in all race-sex groups was urine creatinine (Spearman ρ = .68-.75). These results affirm that individuals identifying as black produce higher urine creatinine concentrations and, in women, higher urine osmolality after matching for age, fluid intake, and socioeconomic status. The findings suggest caution when comparing urine hydration markers between racial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B. Wilson
- Human Performance Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Ian P. Winter
- Human Performance Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Josie Burdin
- Human Performance Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
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Lin Y, Zhang N, Zhang J, Lu J, Liu S, Ma G. The association between hydration state and the metabolism of phospholipids and amino acids among young adults: a metabolomic analysis. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102087. [PMID: 38425438 PMCID: PMC10904166 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Water is vital for humans' survival and general health, which is involved in various metabolic activities. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the variation in urine metabolome and associated metabolic pathways among people with different hydration states. Methods A metabolomic analysis was conducted using 24-h urine samples collected during a cross-sectional study on fluid intake behavior from December 9 to 11, 2021, in Hebei, China. Subjects were divided into the optimal hydration (OH, ≤500 mOsm/kg, n = 21), middle hydration (500-800 mOsm/kg, n = 33), and hypohydration groups (HH, >800 mOsm/kg, n = 13) based on the 3-d average 24-h urine osmolality. Collected 24-h urine samples from 67 subjects (43 males and 34 females) were analyzed for urine metabolome using liquid chromatography-MS. Results The untargeted metabolomic analysis yielded 1055 metabolites by peak intensities. Integrating the results of the orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis and fold change test, 115 differential metabolites between the OH and HH groups, including phospholipids (PLs) and lysophospholipids, were identified. Among the 115 metabolites identified as differential metabolites, 85 were recorded by the Human Metabolome Database and uploaded to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases for pathway analysis. Twenty-one metabolic pathways were recognized. Phenylalanine metabolism (0.50, P = 0.007), phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis (0.50, P = 0.051), glycerophospholipid metabolism (0.31, P < 0.001), sphingolipid metabolism (0.27, P = 0.029), and cysteine and methionine metabolism (0.10, P = 0.066) had the leading pathway impacts. Conclusions We found variations in the urinary PLs and amino acids among subjects with different hydration states. Pathways associated with these differential metabolites could further impact various physiologic and pathologic functions. A more comprehensive and in-depth investigation of the physiologic and pathologic impact of the hydration state and the underlying mechanisms to elucidate and advocate optimal fluid intake habits is needed.This trial was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry as ChiCTR2100045268.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfen Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junbo Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shufang Liu
- School of Public Health, Hebei University Health Science Center, Baoding, China
| | - Guansheng Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, China
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Li S, Xiao X, Zhang X. Association between plain water intake and risk of hypertension: longitudinal analyses from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1280653. [PMID: 38269373 PMCID: PMC10807041 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1280653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the prospective association between plain water intake and the risk of hypertension based on a longitudinal cohort study in China. Methods Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between plain water intake and hypertension. Restricted cubic spline model was use to evaluate non-linear relationship between plain water intake and hypertension. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted based on age, gender, residence site, educational level and tea consumption. Results A total of 3,823 participants (46.5% male) with a mean age of 46.8 years from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were assessed and divided into 4 groups based on plain water intake. There was a decreasing trend of hypertension risk as plain water intake increased. Logistic regression analyses indicated that participants consuming plain water ≥6 cups/day (1 cup ≈ 240 mL) had significantly lower risk of hypertension compared to those consuming ≤1 cup/day, even after adjustments for covariates. Restricted cubic spline curve revealed that participants consuming about 6-8 cups/day were at lower risk for developing hypertension. In subgroup analyses, the results were generally consistent with the main findings in participants who aged less than 60 years, who were male, who attained higher education and who were low tea consumers. Conclusion Our findings suggested that there might be a favorable effect of plain water intake on preventing hypertension in a large cohort of Chinese adults from the general population. Drinking adequate amounts of plain water (about 6-8 cups/day) may reduce the risk of hypertension, particularly in the selected population. Further interventional studies are required to investigate the potential effect of increasing plain water intake on blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Li S, Xiao X, Zhang X. Hydration Status in Older Adults: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112609. [PMID: 37299572 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate hydration is essential for the maintenance of health and physiological functions in humans. However, many older adults do not maintain adequate hydration, which is under-recognized and poorly managed. Older adults are more vulnerable to dehydration, especially those living with multiple chronic diseases. Dehydration is associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults, and acts as an independent factor of the hospital length of stay, readmission, intensive care, in-hospital mortality, and poor prognosis. Dehydration is a prevalent health problem in older adults, accounting for substantial economic and social burden. This review attempts to provide current knowledge of hydration including patterns of body water turnover, the complex mechanisms behind water homeostasis, the effects of dehydration on the health of the body, and practical guidance for low-intake dehydration in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xun Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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Elsamad G, Mecawi AS, Pauža AG, Gillard B, Paterson A, Duque VJ, Šarenac O, Žigon NJ, Greenwood M, Greenwood MP, Murphy D. Ageing restructures the transcriptome of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus and alters the response to dehydration. NPJ AGING 2023; 9:12. [PMID: 37264028 PMCID: PMC10234251 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-023-00108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with altered neuroendocrine function. In the context of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus, which makes the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin, ageing alters acute responses to hyperosmotic cues, rendering the elderly more susceptible to dehydration. Chronically, vasopressin has been associated with numerous diseases of old age, including type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Bulk RNAseq transcriptome analysis has been used to catalogue the polyadenylated supraoptic nucleus transcriptomes of adult (3 months) and aged (18 months) rats in basal euhydrated and stimulated dehydrated conditions. Gene ontology and Weighted Correlation Network Analysis revealed that ageing is associated with alterations in the expression of extracellular matrix genes. Interestingly, whilst the transcriptomic response to dehydration is overall blunted in aged animals compared to adults, there is a specific enrichment of differentially expressed genes related to neurodegenerative processes in the aged cohort, suggesting that dehydration itself may provoke degenerative consequences in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadir Elsamad
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - André Souza Mecawi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Audrys G Pauža
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- Translational Cardio-Respiratory Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin Gillard
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Alex Paterson
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- Insilico Consulting Ltd., Wapping Wharf, Bristol, England
| | - Victor J Duque
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Olivera Šarenac
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Safety Pharmacology, Abbvie, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nina Japundžić Žigon
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mingkwan Greenwood
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Michael P Greenwood
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - David Murphy
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, England.
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Greenwood MP, Greenwood M, Bárez-López S, Hawkins JW, Short K, Tatovic D, Murphy D. Osmoadaptive GLP-1R signalling in hypothalamic neurones inhibits antidiuretic hormone synthesis and release. Mol Metab 2023; 70:101692. [PMID: 36773648 PMCID: PMC9969259 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The excessive release of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin is implicated in many diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Once thought to be elevated as a consequence of diseases, data now supports a more causative role. We have previously identified CREB3L1 as a transcription factor that co-ordinates vasopressin synthesis and release in the hypothalamus. The objective here was to identify mechanisms orchestrated by CREB3L1 that co-ordinate vasopressin release. METHODS We mined Creb3l1 knockdown SON RNA-seq data to identify downstream target genes. We proceeded to investigate the expression of these genes and associated pathways in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus in response to physiological and pharmacological stimulation. We used viruses to selectively knockdown gene expression in the supraoptic nucleus and assessed physiological and metabolic parameters. We adopted a phosphoproteomics strategy to investigate mechanisms that facilitate hormone release by the pituitary gland. RESULTS We discovered glucagon like peptide 1 receptor (Glp1r) as a downstream target gene and found increased expression in stimulated vasopressin neurones. Selective knockdown of supraoptic nucleus Glp1rs resulted in decreased food intake and body weight. Treatment with GLP-1R agonist liraglutide decreased vasopressin synthesis and release. Quantitative phosphoproteomics of the pituitary neurointermediate lobe revealed that liraglutide initiates hyperphosphorylation of presynapse active zone proteins that control vasopressin exocytosis. CONCLUSION In summary, we show that GLP-1R signalling inhibits the vasopressin system. Our data advises that hydration status may influence the pharmacodynamics of GLP-1R agonists so should be considered in current therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Greenwood
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Mingkwan Greenwood
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Soledad Bárez-López
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Joe W Hawkins
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Short
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Danijela Tatovic
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David Murphy
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Ratter-Rieck JM, Roden M, Herder C. Diabetes and climate change: current evidence and implications for people with diabetes, clinicians and policy stakeholders. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1003-1015. [PMID: 36964771 PMCID: PMC10039694 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will be a major challenge for the world's health systems in the coming decades. Elevated temperatures and increasing frequencies of heat waves, wildfires, heavy precipitation and other weather extremes can affect health in many ways, especially if chronic diseases are already present. Impaired responses to heat stress, including compromised vasodilation and sweating, diabetes-related comorbidities, insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation make people with diabetes particularly vulnerable to environmental risk factors, such as extreme weather events and air pollution. Additionally, multiple pathogens show an increased rate of transmission under conditions of climate change and people with diabetes have an altered immune system, which increases the risk for a worse course of infectious diseases. In this review, we summarise recent studies on the impact of climate-change-associated risk for people with diabetes and discuss which individuals may be specifically prone to these risk conditions due to their clinical features. Knowledge of such high-risk groups will help to develop and implement tailored prevention and management strategies to mitigate the detrimental effect of climate change on the health of people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Ratter-Rieck
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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8
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Aedh AI, Alshahrani MS, Huneif MA, Pryme IF, Oruch R. A Glimpse into Milestones of Insulin Resistance and an Updated Review of Its Management. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040921. [PMID: 36839279 PMCID: PMC9960458 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is the main metabolic regulator of fuel molecules in the diet, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. It does so by facilitating glucose influx from the circulation into the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal myocytes. The outcome of which is subjected to glycogenesis in skeletal muscle and lipogenesis in adipose tissue, as well as in the liver. Therefore, insulin has an anabolic action while, on the contrary, hypoinsulinemia promotes the reverse process. Protein breakdown in myocytes is also encountered during the late stages of diabetes mellitus. The balance of the blood glucose level in physiological conditions is maintained by virtue of the interactive functions of insulin and glucagon. In insulin resistance (IR), the balance is disturbed because glucose transporters (GLUTs) of cell membranes fail to respond to this peptide hormone, meaning that glucose molecules cannot be internalized into the cells, the consequence of which is hyperglycemia. To develop the full state of diabetes mellitus, IR should be associated with the impairment of insulin release from beta-cells of the pancreas. Periodic screening of individuals of high risk, such as those with obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and pregnant nulliparous women in antenatal control, is vital, as these are important checkpoints to detect cases of insulin resistance. This is pivotal as IR can be reversed, provided it is detected in its early stages, through healthy dietary habits, regular exercise, and the use of hypoglycemic agents. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis, preventive methods, and management of IR in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah I. Aedh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 66324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S. Alshahrani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 66324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Huneif
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 66324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ian F. Pryme
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ramadhan Oruch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 66324, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-562144606
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Villatoro-Santos CR, Ramirez-Zea M, Villamor E. Urinary sodium, iodine, and volume in relation to metabolic syndrome in Mesoamerican children and their parents. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1774-1783. [PMID: 35637087 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The roles of sodium or iodine intake on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) etiology remain controversial. We evaluated the associations of 24 h urinary sodium and iodine with MetS among Mesoamerican children and their adult parents. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a cross-sectional study among 217 school-age children and 478 parents from 9 Mesoamerican cities. Exposures were high 24 h urinary sodium excretion and concentration (>2000 mg/d or mg/L, respectively) and high 24 h urinary iodine excretion and concentration (≥300 μg/d or μg/L, respectively). In children, the outcome was a standardized metabolic score from five criteria analogous to the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria. In adults, MetS was defined according to the ATP III criteria. We estimated adjusted mean differences in the metabolic risk score and adjusted prevalence ratios of MetS between exposure categories using multivariable regression. In children, high sodium concentration was associated with a 0.10 units (43% of a SD) higher score (P = 0.001) and high iodine concentration was related to a 0.09 units (39% of a SD) higher score (P = 0.009). Unexpectedly, high 24 h urinary volume was associated with a lower metabolic score. In adults, high 24 h sodium excretion was related to hypertension and high iodine concentration was related to increased MetS prevalence. CONCLUSION High sodium and iodine concentrations, but not 24 h iodine excretion, are significantly associated with MetS in children, whereas high 24 h urinary volume is related to a decreased metabolic score. In adults, high iodine concentration tends to be related to increased MetS prevalence, but not 24 h iodine excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Villatoro-Santos
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Ramirez-Zea
- INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - E Villamor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Johnson RJ, García-Arroyo FE, Gonzaga-Sánchez G, Vélez-Orozco KA, Álvarez-Álvarez YQ, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Tapia E, Osorio-Alonso H, Andrés-Hernando A, Nakagawa T, Kuwabara M, Kanbay M, Lanaspa MA, Sánchez-Lozada LG. Current Hydration Habits: The Disregarded Factor for the Development of Renal and Cardiometabolic Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:2070. [PMID: 35631211 PMCID: PMC9145744 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Improper hydration habits are commonly disregarded as a risk factor for the development of chronic diseases. Consuming an intake of water below recommendations (underhydration) in addition to the substitution of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) for water are habits deeply ingrained in several countries. This behavior is due to voluntary and involuntary dehydration; and because young children are exposed to SSB, the preference for a sweet taste is profoundly implanted in the brain. Underhydration and SSB intake lead to mild hyperosmolarity, which stimulates biologic processes, such as the stimulation of vasopressin and the polyol-fructose pathway, which restore osmolarity to normal but at the expense of the continued activation of these biological systems. Unfortunately, chronic activation of the vasopressin and polyol-fructose pathways has been shown to mediate many diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. It is therefore urgent that we encourage educational and promotional campaigns that promote the evaluation of personal hydration status, a greater intake of potable water, and a reduction or complete halting of the drinking of SSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Fernando E. García-Arroyo
- Department Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (G.G.-S.); (K.A.V.-O.); (Y.Q.Á.-Á.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.T.); (H.O.-A.)
| | - Guillermo Gonzaga-Sánchez
- Department Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (G.G.-S.); (K.A.V.-O.); (Y.Q.Á.-Á.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.T.); (H.O.-A.)
| | - Kevin A. Vélez-Orozco
- Department Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (G.G.-S.); (K.A.V.-O.); (Y.Q.Á.-Á.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.T.); (H.O.-A.)
| | - Yamnia Quetzal Álvarez-Álvarez
- Department Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (G.G.-S.); (K.A.V.-O.); (Y.Q.Á.-Á.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.T.); (H.O.-A.)
| | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Department Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (G.G.-S.); (K.A.V.-O.); (Y.Q.Á.-Á.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.T.); (H.O.-A.)
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Department Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (G.G.-S.); (K.A.V.-O.); (Y.Q.Á.-Á.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.T.); (H.O.-A.)
| | - Horacio Osorio-Alonso
- Department Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (G.G.-S.); (K.A.V.-O.); (Y.Q.Á.-Á.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.T.); (H.O.-A.)
| | - Ana Andrés-Hernando
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.A.-H.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- Department of Nephrology, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto 607-8062, Japan;
| | - Masanari Kuwabara
- Intensive Care Unit, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan;
- Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey;
| | - Miguel A. Lanaspa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.A.-H.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Department Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, INC Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.E.G.-A.); (G.G.-S.); (K.A.V.-O.); (Y.Q.Á.-Á.); (O.E.A.-T.); (E.T.); (H.O.-A.)
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11
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Retnaningtyas E, Susatia B, Arifah SN, Lestari SR. The improvement of insulin level after hydrogen-rich water therapy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Vet World 2022; 15:182-187. [PMID: 35369585 PMCID: PMC8924398 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.182-187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Water plays a pivotal role in the body. Alteration of the fluid balance promotes metabolic disorder, thus leading to the development of various diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Hydrogen-rich water (HW) is recognized as a novel antioxidant. This study aimed to investigate the role of HW on insulin, insulin receptor (IRs), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: Normal (N), DM rats, DM+metformin (DM+Met, 45 mg/kg body weight [BW]), DM+Met+HW, and DM+HW. DM rats were induced by feeding them a high-fat diet for 30 days and then injecting with repeated low doses of STZ (35 mg/kg BW) intraperitoneally. Fresh HW was administered orally and ad libitum for 14 days. Insulin, IRs, and SOD were observed in each group. Results: HW therapy increased the level and expression of insulin and IRs. In addition, treatment with HW also elevated the SOD levels in the serum and liver. The study results indicated no significant differences between the administration of HW and metformin. Conclusion: HW has antioxidant activity in STZ-induced DM rats, increasing insulin, IRs, and SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekowati Retnaningtyas
- Department of Nursing, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Malang, Jl. Besar Ijen No. 77C, Malang 65119, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Budi Susatia
- Department of Nursing, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Malang, Jl. Besar Ijen No. 77C, Malang 65119, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Siti Nur Arifah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang (State University of Malang), Jl. Semarang No. 5, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Sri Rahayu Lestari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang (State University of Malang), Jl. Semarang No. 5, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
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12
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Johnson EC. Hippocrates Was Right: Now What? Water As a Part of Healthy Aging. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2021. [PMID: 35226902 DOI: 10.1159/000520394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is defined as the progressive organism change leading to debility, disease, and death [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1</xref>]. We know that as we age, our risk increases for diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and chronic kidney disease, and many of our homeostatic processes change as well, such as cell signaling, metabolism, and proteostasis [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>]. The data clearly show that water intake decreases with aging, especially after age 60 years [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>]. However, the question becomes "Do we drink less because we age, or do we age because we drink less?" (Fig. 1). SUMMARY There are data to support both directions of this hypothesis. One example supporting that water intake decreases due to aging is that in older adults, the thirst response to hyperosmotic and hypovolemic stimuli is blunted in comparison to younger adults [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">4</xref>]. However, we are increasingly gathering data to also support that low water intake can be a contributor to both disease and altered cellular processes, potentially accelerating aging related dysfunction. For example, in older adults, low water intake has been shown to be associated with working memory [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">5</xref>], blood glucose regulation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref6">6</xref>], incidence of stroke [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref7">7</xref>], and falls [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref8">8</xref>] (i.e., dementia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mobility). Additionally, processes such as metabolism [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref9">9</xref>], cell signaling [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref10">10</xref>], and muscle damage following exercise [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref11">11</xref>] have also been linked to hydration. Key messages are that it is clear that water intake changes as we age, primarily due to changes in thirst. However, what is our duty as hydrationists is to begin to evaluate both directions of the aging, dysfunction, and water intake relationship (Fig. 1). Just as we have begun to realize the influence as water as a nutrient, we can hopefully demonstrate how a simple intervention like drinking to recommendations can be a part of healthy aging for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Johnson
- Human Integrated Physiology Laboratory University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
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