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Ng CY, Cheung C. Origins and functional differences of blood endothelial cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:23-29. [PMID: 37202277 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The interests in blood endothelial cells arise from their therapeutic potential in vascular repair and regeneration. Our understanding of blood endothelial cells that exist in the circulation has been evolving significantly from the original concept of endothelial progenitor cells. Many studies have uncovered heterogeneities of blood endothelial subtypes where some cells express both endothelial and hematopoietic antigens, and others possess either mature or immature endothelial markers. Due to the lack of definitive cell marker identities, there have been momentums in the field to adopt a technical-oriented labeling system based on the cells' involvement in postnatal neovascularization and cell culture derivatives. Our review streamlines nomenclatures for blood endothelial subtypes and standardizes understanding of their functional differences. Broadly, we will discuss about myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs), endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) and circulating endothelial cells (CECs). The strategic location of blood endothelial cells confers them essential roles in supporting physiological processes. MACs exert angiogenic effects through paracrine mechanisms, while ECFCs are recruited to sites of vascular injury to participate directly in new vessel formation. BOECs are an in vitro derivative of ECFCs. CECs are shed into the bloodstream from damaged vessels, hence reflective of endothelial dysfunction. With clarity on the functional attributes of blood endothelial subtypes, we present recent advances in their applications in disease modelling, along with serving as biomarkers of vascular tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Christine Cheung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.
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2
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Foret T, Dufrost V, Heymonet M, Risse J, Faure GC, Louis H, Lagrange J, Lacolley P, Devreese K, Gibot S, Regnault V, Zuily S, Wahl D. Circulating Endothelial Cells are Associated with Thromboembolic Events in Patients with Antiphospholipid Antibodies. Thromb Haemost 2023; 123:76-84. [PMID: 35977699 DOI: 10.1055/a-1926-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial damage has been described in antiphospholipid antibody (aPL)-positive patients. However, it is uncertain whether circulating endothelial cells (CECs)-which are released when endothelial injury occurs-can be a marker of patients at high risk for thrombosis. METHODS Ninety-seven patients with aPL and/or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were included. CECs were determined by an automated CellSearch system. We also assayed plasma levels of tissue factor-bearing extracellular vesicles (TF+/EVs) and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM-1) as markers of endothelial dysfunction/damage. RESULTS Patients' mean age was 46.1 ± 13.9 years, 77 were women. Thirty-seven had SLE and 75 patients were suffering from antiphospholipid syndrome. Thirty-seven percent of patients presented a medical history of arterial thrombosis and 46% a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Thirteen patients had increased levels of CECs (>20/mL), with a mean CEC level of 48.3 ± 21.3 per mL. In univariate analysis, patients with obesity or medical history of myocardial infarction (MI), VTE, or nephropathy had a significant increased CEC level. In multivariate analysis, obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 6.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42-25.94), VTE (OR = 7.59 [95% CI: 1.38-41.66]), and MI (OR = 5.5 [95% CI: 1.1-26.6)] were independently and significantly associated with elevated CECs. We also identified significant correlations between CECs and other markers of endothelial dysfunction: sTREM-1 and TF+/EVs. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that endothelial injury assessed by the levels of CECs was associated with thromboembolic events in patients with aPL and/or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Foret
- INSERM, DCAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Division of Vascular Medicine, CHRU-Nancy, Regional Competence Center for Rare Vascular and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Nancy, France
| | - Virginie Dufrost
- INSERM, DCAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Division of Vascular Medicine, CHRU-Nancy, Regional Competence Center for Rare Vascular and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Nancy, France
| | | | - Jessie Risse
- INSERM, DCAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Division of Vascular Medicine, CHRU-Nancy, Regional Competence Center for Rare Vascular and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Nancy, France.,CH de Sarreguemines, Sarreguemines, France
| | - Gilbert C Faure
- Laboratory of Immunology, CHRU-Nancy, Nancytomique, Pôle Laboratoire.,CRAN UMR CNRS 7039, Nancy, France
| | | | - Jeremy Lagrange
- INSERM, DCAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation, CHRU-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Lacolley
- INSERM, DCAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation, CHRU-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Katrien Devreese
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Coagulation Laboratory, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Veronique Regnault
- INSERM, DCAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation, CHRU-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Stéphane Zuily
- INSERM, DCAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Division of Vascular Medicine, CHRU-Nancy, Regional Competence Center for Rare Vascular and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Nancy, France
| | - Denis Wahl
- INSERM, DCAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Division of Vascular Medicine, CHRU-Nancy, Regional Competence Center for Rare Vascular and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Nancy, France
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3
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The Treatment Combining Antiangiogenesis with Chemoradiotherapy Impinges on the Peripheral Circulation Vascular Endothelial Cells and Therapeutic Effect in the Patients with Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1787854. [PMID: 35872851 PMCID: PMC9307343 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1787854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was implemented for the evaluation on the circulating endothelial cells' (CECs) clinical significance in the locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment with endostatin-combined chemoradiotherapy. This study enrolled 47 patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were hospitalized from May 9, 2012 to March 10, 2013. These patients were split up into the observation group (25 patients) and control group (22 patients). Patients in the observation group received the endostatin combined with induction chemotherapy and subsequently with concurrent chemoradiotherapy with endostatin. Patients in the control group were treated with inductive chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy. CECs in peripheral blood were conducted separately before or after inductive chemotherapy and additionally in the end of concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The CEC values of the observation group showed significant statistical differences (p < 0.05) before or after different therapies, whereas those data in the control group were not statistically different. And, the mostly importantly, the CEC values in the observation group and control group turned out a statistical difference. The combination of endostatin and chemoradiotherapy significantly reduced parameters of peripheral blood CECs in these patients. According to the CEC parameters' variety that we observed in the combined therapies, this study demonstrated that the CECs might be a clinical clue to evaluate this antiangiogenic chemoradiotherapy. And the clinical value of CECs will be further determined along with increasing comparative studies and clinical long-term efficacy observation.
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4
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Exercise Training Effects on Circulating Endothelial and Progenitor Cells in Heart Failure. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9070222. [PMID: 35877584 PMCID: PMC9322098 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9070222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major public health issue worldwide with increased prevalence and a high number of hospitalizations. Patients with chronic HF and either reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) present vascular endothelial dysfunction and significantly decreased circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). EPCs are bone marrow-derived cells involved in endothelium regeneration, homeostasis, and neovascularization. One of the unsolved issues in the field of EPCs is the lack of an established method of identification. The most widely approved method is the use of monoclonal antibodies and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis via flow cytometry. The most frequently used markers are CD34, VEGFR-2, CD45, CD31, CD144, and CD146. Exercise training has demonstrated beneficial effects on EPCs by increasing their number in peripheral circulation and improving their functional capacities in patients with HFrEF or HFmrEF. There are two potential mechanisms of EPCs mobilization: shear stress and the hypoxic/ischemic stimulus. The combination of both leads to the release of EPCs in circulation promoting their repairment properties on the vascular endothelium barrier. EPCs are important therapeutic targets and one of the most promising fields in heart failure and, therefore, individualized exercise training programs should be developed in rehabilitation centers.
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Hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome increases the long-term risk of pneumonia: a population-based cohort study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9696. [PMID: 33958673 PMCID: PMC8102567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) increases after respiratory infection. However, the reverse association has not been evaluated. We tested the hypothesis that the long-term risk of pneumonia is increased after a new ACS event. A matched-cohort study was conducted using a nationally representative dataset. We identified patients with admission for ACS between 2004 and 2014, without a previous history of ACS or pneumonia. Incidence density sampling was used to match patients, on the basis of age and sex, to 3 controls who were also free from both ACS and pneumonia. We examined the incidence of pneumonia after ACS until the end of the cohort observation (Dec 31, 2014). The analysis cohort consisted of 5469 ACS cases and 16,392 controls (median age, 64 years; 68.3% men). The incidence rate ratios of the first and the total pneumonia episodes in the ACS group relative to the control group was 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–1.41) and 1.23(95% CI 1.11–1.36), respectively. A significant ACS-related increase in the incidence of pneumonia was observed in the Cox-regression, shared frailty, and joint frailty model analyses, with hazard ratios of 1.25 (95% CI 1.09–1.42), 1.35 (95% CI 1.15–1.58), and 1.24 (95% CI 1.10–1.39), respectively. In this population-based cohort of patients who were initially free from both ACS and pneumonia, we found that hospitalization for ACS substantially increased the long term risk of pneumonia. This should be considered when formulating post-discharge care plans and preventive vaccination strategies in patients with ACS.
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6
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Di Martino ML, Frau A, Losa F, Muggianu E, Mura MN, Rotta G, Scotti L, Marongiu F. Role of circulating endothelial cells in assessing the severity of systemic sclerosis and predicting its clinical worsening. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2681. [PMID: 33514797 PMCID: PMC7846576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial damage and fibro-proliferative vasculopathy of small vessels are pathological hallmarks of systemic sclerosis (SSc). The consequence is the detachment of resident elements that become circulating endothelial cells (CECs). The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential of CECs as biomarker in SSc. We enrolled 50 patients with limited cutaneous (lcSSc) and diffuse cutaneous (dcSSc) subset of SSc, who underwent clinical evaluation to establish the organ involvement. CECs were measured by flow-cytometry utilizing a polychromatic panel. An evident difference was observed in CEC counts comparing controls to SSc patients (median 10.5 vs. 152 cells/ml, p < 0.0001) and for the first time, between the two subsets of disease (median lcSSc 132 vs. dcSSc 716 CEC/ml, p < 0.0001). A significant correlation was established between CECs and some SSc clinical parameters, such as digital ulcers, skin and pulmonary involvement, presence of Scl-70 antibodies, nailfold videocapillaroscopy patterns and EUSTAR activity index. After 12 months, CECs correlated with clinical worsening of patients, showing that a number higher than 414 CEC/ml is a strong negative prognostic factor (RR 5.70). Our results indicate that CECs are a direct indicator of systemic vascular damage. Therefore, they can be used as a reliable marker of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Di Martino
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Cagliari, SS554-km 4,500, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Frau
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Cagliari, SS554-km 4,500, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Losa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Cagliari, SS554-km 4,500, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emma Muggianu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Cagliari, SS554-km 4,500, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Nicola Mura
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Cagliari, SS554-km 4,500, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Lorenza Scotti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Marongiu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Cagliari, SS554-km 4,500, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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7
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Evans WS, Sapp RM, Kim KI, Heilman JM, Hagberg J, Prior SJ. Effects of Exercise Training on the Paracrine Function of Circulating Angiogenic Cells. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:1047-1057. [PMID: 33124014 DOI: 10.1055/a-1273-8390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training has various benefits on cardiovascular health, and circulating angiogenic cells have been proposed as executing these changes. Work from the late 1990s supported an important role of these circulating post-natal cells in contributing to the maintenance and repair of the endothelium and vasculature. It was later found that circulating angiogenic cells were a heterogenous population of cells and primarily functioned in a paracrine manner by adhering to damaged endothelium and releasing growth factors. Many studies have discovered novel circulating angiogenic cell secreted proteins, microRNA and extracellular vesicles that mediate their angiogenic potential, and some studies have shown that both acute and chronic aerobic exercise training have distinct benefits. This review highlights work establishing an essential role of secreted factors from circulating angiogenic cells and summarizes studies regarding the effects of exercise training on these factors. Finally, we highlight the various gaps in the literature in hopes of guiding future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park
| | - Ryan M Sapp
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park
| | - Katherine I Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park
| | - James M Heilman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park
| | - James Hagberg
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park
| | - Steven J Prior
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Baltimore
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8
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Circulating Endothelial Cells From Septic Shock Patients Convert to Fibroblasts Are Associated With the Resuscitation Fluid Dose and Are Biomarkers for Survival Prediction. Crit Care Med 2020; 47:942-950. [PMID: 30998606 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether circulating endothelial cells from septic shock patients and from nonseptic shock patients are transformed in activated fibroblast by changing the expression level of endothelial and fibrotic proteins, whether the level of the protein expression change is associated with the amount of administered resuscitation fluid, and whether this circulating endothelial cell protein expression change is a biomarker to predict sepsis survival. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Medical-surgical ICUs in a tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS Forty-three patients admitted in ICU and 22 healthy volunteers. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Circulating mature endothelial cells and circulating endothelial progenitor cells from septic shock and nonseptic shock patients showed evidence of endothelial fibrosis by changing the endothelial protein expression pattern. The endothelial proteins were downregulated, whereas fibroblast-specific markers were increased. The magnitude of the expression change in endothelial and fibrotic proteins was higher in the septic shock nonsurvivors patients but not in nonseptic shock. Interestingly, the decrease in the endothelial protein expression was correlated with the administered resuscitation fluid better than the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores in the septic shock nonsurvivors patients but not in nonseptic shock. Notably, the significant difference between endothelial and fibrotic protein expression indicated a nonsurvival outcome in septic shock but not in nonseptic shock patients. Remarkably, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that endothelial protein expression levels predicted the survival outcome better than the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores in septic shock but not in nonseptic shock patients. CONCLUSIONS Circulating endothelial cells from septic shock patients are acutely converted into fibroblasts. Endothelial and fibrotic protein expression level are associated with resuscitation fluid administration magnitude and can be used as biomarkers for an early survival diagnosis of sepsis.
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9
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Vasseur A, Cabel L, Tredan O, Chevrier M, Dubot C, Lorgis V, Jacot W, Goncalves A, Debled M, Levy C, Ferrero JM, Jouannaud C, Luporsi E, Mouret-Reynier MA, Dalenc F, Lemonnier J, Savignoni A, Tanguy ML, Bidard FC, Pierga JY. Prognostic value of CEC count in HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer patients treated with bevacizumab and chemotherapy: a prospective validation study (UCBG COMET). Angiogenesis 2019; 23:193-202. [PMID: 31773439 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proof of concept studies has reported that circulating endothelial cell (CEC) count may be associated with the outcome of HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (mBC) patients treated by chemotherapy and the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab. We report the results obtained in an independent prospective validation cohort (COMET study, NCT01745757). METHODS The main baseline criteria were HER2-negative mBC, performance status 0-2 and no prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease. CECs were detected by CellSearch® from 4 ml of blood at baseline and after 4 weeks of weekly paclitaxel and bevacizumab therapy. CEC counts (considered both as a continuous variable and using the previously described 20 CEC/4 ml cutoff) were associated with clinical characteristics and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS CEC count was obtained in 251 patients at baseline and in 207 patients at 4 weeks. Median baseline CEC count was 22 CEC/4 ml (range 0-2231). Baseline CEC counts were associated with performance status (p = 0.02). No statistically significant change in CEC counts was observed between baseline and 4 weeks of therapy. High baseline CEC count was associated with shorter PFS in univariate and multivariate analyses (continuous: p < 0.001; dichotomized: HR 1.52, 95% CI [1.15-2.02], p = 0.004). CEC counts at 4 weeks had no prognostic impact. CONCLUSION This study confirms that CEC count may be associated with the outcome of mBC patients treated with chemotherapy and bevacizumab. However, discrepancies with previous reports in terms of both the timing of CEC count and the direction of the prognostic impact warrant further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Vasseur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris & Saint Cloud, France
| | - Luc Cabel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris & Saint Cloud, France.,UVSQ, Paris-Saclay University, Saint Cloud, France
| | - Olivier Tredan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leon Berard Center, Lyon, France
| | - Marion Chevrier
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris & Saint Cloud, France
| | - Coraline Dubot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris & Saint Cloud, France
| | - Véronique Lorgis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Georges-François Leclerc Center, Dijon, France
| | - William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM) Val d'Aurelle, Montpellier University, IRCM INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France
| | - Anthony Goncalves
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Department of Medical Oncology, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Debled
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Levy
- Department of Medical Oncology, François Baclesse Center, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ferrero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antoine Lacassagne Center, Nice, France
| | | | - Elisabeth Luporsi
- Department of Medical Oncology, ICL Alexis Vautrin, Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France
| | | | - Florence Dalenc
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Alexia Savignoni
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris & Saint Cloud, France
| | - Marie-Laure Tanguy
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris & Saint Cloud, France
| | - Francois-Clement Bidard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris & Saint Cloud, France.,UVSQ, Paris-Saclay University, Saint Cloud, France
| | - Jean-Yves Pierga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris & Saint Cloud, France. .,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
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10
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Landers-Ramos RQ, Sapp RM, Shill DD, Hagberg JM, Prior SJ. Exercise and Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:767-797. [PMID: 30892694 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autologous stem/progenitor cell-based methods to restore blood flow and function to ischemic tissues are clinically appealing for the substantial proportion of the population with cardiovascular diseases. Early preclinical and case studies established the therapeutic potential of autologous cell therapies for neovascularization in ischemic tissues. However, trials over the past ∼15 years reveal the benefits of such therapies to be much smaller than originally estimated and a definitive clinical benefit is yet to be established. Recently, there has been an emphasis on improving the number and function of cells [herein generally referred to as circulating angiogenic cells (CACs)] used for autologous cell therapies. CACs include of several subsets of circulating cells, including endothelial progenitor cells, with proangiogenic potential that is largely exerted through paracrine functions. As exercise is known to improve CV outcomes such as angiogenesis and endothelial function, much attention is being given to exercise to improve the number and function of CACs. Accordingly, there is a growing body of evidence that acute, short-term, and chronic exercise have beneficial effects on the number and function of different subsets of CACs. In particular, recent studies show that aerobic exercise training can increase the number of CACs in circulation and enhance the function of isolated CACs as assessed in ex vivo assays. This review summarizes the roles of different subsets of CACs and the effects of acute and chronic exercise on CAC number and function, with a focus on the number and paracrine function of circulating CD34+ cells, CD31+ cells, and CD62E+ cells. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:767-797, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rian Q Landers-Ramos
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, Department of Kinesiology, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan M Sapp
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, Department of Kinesiology, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel D Shill
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, Department of Kinesiology, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - James M Hagberg
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, Department of Kinesiology, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven J Prior
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, Department of Kinesiology, College Park, Maryland, USA.,Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Counting circulating endothelial cells in allo-HSCT: an ad hoc designed polychromatic flowcytometry-based panel versus the CellSearch System. Sci Rep 2019; 9:87. [PMID: 30643152 PMCID: PMC6331628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physio-pathologic interrelationships between endothelial layer and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) have been described leading to assess the entity “endothelial GVHD” as the early step for clinical manifestations of acute GVHD. The availability of the CellSearch system has allowed us to monitor Circulating Endothelial Cells (CEC) changes in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) as useful tool to help clinicians in GVHD diagnostic definition. We have compared CEC counts generated by an ad hoc designed polychromatic-flowcytometry (PFC) Lyotube with those of the CellSearch system. CEC were counted in parallel at 5 timepoints in 50 patients with malignant hematologic disorders undergoing allo-HSCT (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02064972). Spearman rank correlation showed significant association between CEC values at all time points (p = 0.0001). The limits of agreement was demonstrated by Bland Altman plot analysis, showing bias not significant at T1, T3, T4, while at T2 and T5 resulted not estimable. Moreover, Passing Bablok regression analysis showed not significant differences between BD Lyotube and CellSearch system. We show that CEC counts, generated with either the CellSearch system or the PFC-based panel, have a superimposable kinetic in allo-HSCT patients and that both counting procedures hold the potential to enter clinical routine as a suitable tool to assist clinicians in GVHD diagnosis.
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12
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Zuwala-Jagiello J, Pazgan-Simon M, Murawska-Cialowicz E, Simon K. Influence of Diabetes on Circulating Apoptotic Microparticles in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:1027-1034. [PMID: 28882977 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) frequently occurs in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and is associated with atherosclerosis, in which circulating microparticles (MPs) play an important role. We asked whether the presence of DM affects endothelial-derived (EMPs) and platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) levels; and whether MPs levels associate with biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with CHC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Overall, 136 patients were enrolled in the study, 86 CHC patients (41 with DM with moderate glycemic control), 20 outpatients with DM and 30 controls. Circulating MPs were phenotyped by flow cytometry. RESULTS When the MPs levels were analyzed individually in CHC patients, there was a positive association of plasma apoptotic MPs with oxidative stress markers. We report a hitherto undescribed relationship between diabetes prevalence and apoptotic MPs-associated inflammation in patients with CHC. CONCLUSION The presence of apoptotic MPs in the plasma of CHC patients, with increased levels being found in patients with DM and moderate glycemic control was herein demonstrated. The simultaneous monitoring of plasma apoptotic MPs, oxidative stress markers and inflammatory biomarkers can be helpful for the cardiovascular disease control in diabetic patients with CHC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Pazgan-Simon
- Infectious Disease Department, Division of Infectious Disease and Hepatology Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Simon
- Infectious Disease Department, Division of Infectious Disease and Hepatology Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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13
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Lanuti P, Simeone P, Rotta G, Almici C, Avvisati G, Azzaro R, Bologna G, Budillon A, Di Cerbo M, Di Gennaro E, Di Martino ML, Diodato A, Doretto P, Ercolino E, Falda A, Gregorj C, Leone A, Losa F, Malara N, Marini M, Mastroroberto P, Mollace V, Morelli M, Muggianu E, Musolino G, Neva A, Pierdomenico L, Pinna S, Piovani G, Roca MS, Russo D, Scotti L, Tirindelli MC, Trunzo V, Venturella R, Vitagliano C, Zullo F, Marchisio M, Miscia S. A standardized flow cytometry network study for the assessment of circulating endothelial cell physiological ranges. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5823. [PMID: 29643468 PMCID: PMC5895616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating endothelial cells (CEC) represent a restricted peripheral blood (PB) cell subpopulation with high potential diagnostic value in many endothelium-involving diseases. However, whereas the interest in CEC studies has grown, the standardization level of their detection has not. Here, we undertook the task to align CEC phenotypes and counts, by standardizing a novel flow cytometry approach, within a network of six laboratories. CEC were identified as alive/nucleated/CD45negative/CD34bright/CD146positive events and enumerated in 269 healthy PB samples. Standardization was demonstrated by the achievement of low inter-laboratory Coefficients of Variation (CVL), calculated on the basis of Median Fluorescence Intensity values of the most stable antigens that allowed CEC identification and count (CVL of CD34bright on CEC ~ 30%; CVL of CD45 on Lymphocytes ~ 20%). By aggregating data acquired from all sites, CEC numbers in the healthy population were captured (medianfemale = 9.31 CEC/mL; medianmale = 11.55 CEC/mL). CEC count biological variability and method specificity were finally assessed. Results, obtained on a large population of donors, demonstrate that the established procedure might be adopted as standardized method for CEC analysis in clinical and in research settings, providing a CEC physiological baseline range, useful as starting point for their clinical monitoring in endothelial dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Camillo Almici
- Laboratory for Stem Cells Manipulation and Cryopreservation, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Avvisati
- Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - Rosa Azzaro
- Transfusion Service, Department of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bologna
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Melania Di Cerbo
- Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Di Gennaro
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Martino
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", University of Cagliari Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Diodato
- Transfusion Service, Department of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Doretto
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, AAS5, Pordenone Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Eva Ercolino
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Falda
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, AAS5, Pordenone Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Chiara Gregorj
- Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Leone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Losa
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", University of Cagliari Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Natalia Malara
- Department of Health Science University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mirella Marini
- Laboratory for Stem Cells Manipulation and Cryopreservation, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Mastroroberto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Science University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Morelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emma Muggianu
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", University of Cagliari Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Arabella Neva
- Laboratory for Stem Cells Manipulation and Cryopreservation, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Pierdomenico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Silvia Pinna
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences "M. Aresu", University of Cagliari Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Piovani
- Department Molecular Medicine and Translational, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Roca
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Domenico Russo
- Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenza Scotti
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Tirindelli
- Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - Valentina Trunzo
- Department of Health Science University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Venturella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carlo Vitagliano
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Department of Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fulvio Zullo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Miscia
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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Abdellatif H. Circulating CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells paralleled with level of viremia in patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus. Regen Med Res 2018; 6:1. [PMID: 29461203 PMCID: PMC5881159 DOI: 10.1051/rmr/170005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Liver regeneration is a heterogeneous process involving proliferation of different cell types in response to injury. Bone marrow derived stem cells may be involved in this process, by making contribution to parenchymal restoration and cellular replacement. We aimed to investigate the correlation between level of circulating mobilized CD34+ hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) and viremia level in patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Methods: Blood samples were prospectively collected for assessing percentage and absolute counts of circulating CD34+ HSPCs and viral load level using flow cytometry and RT-PCR respectively. Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (n = 30), Entecavir (ETV) treated subjects (n = 30) and 20 age and gender matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Results were expressed as mean ± SD. Results and discussion: A significant increase in circulating CD34+ HSPCs level was observed in CHB patients (5 ± 3.1, 324 ± 195 × 103/ml) as compared to ETV treated subjects (0.57 ± 0.27,1022 ± 325) and healthy controls (0.53 ± 0.37, 694 ± 254, P < 0.001) in regards to percentage and absolute counts respectively. Levels of CD34+ HSPCs strongly and positively correlated with HBV DNA viral load levels in CHB patients (r2 = 0.8417, 0.649, P < 0.001).Thus, in chronic liver disorders (CHB), when reduced regenerative capacity of hepatocytes is reached, BMSCs mobilization occurs and their level increases in peripheral blood. The level of circulating CD34+ cells in peripheral blood of CHB patients paralleled with the hepatitis B viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Abdellatif
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt - Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Vogelsang P, Giil LM, Lund A, Vedeler CA, Parkar AP, Nordrehaug JE, Kristoffersen EK. Reduced glucose transporter-1 in brain derived circulating endothelial cells in mild Alzheimer's disease patients. Brain Res 2017; 1678:304-309. [PMID: 29102777 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Methods to study cells of the BBB in vivo would facilitate analyses of neurovascular damage in early AD. Thus, we conducted a pilot study to investigate if brain-derived endothelial cells (BDCECs) could be identified from a cell population of circulating endothelial cells (CECs). Peripheral blood was sampled from early AD patients (n = 9), patients with vascular diseases (myocardial infarction (n = 8) and ischemic stroke (n = 8)), and healthy controls (n = 8). We enumerated CD34+/CD146+/CD45- cells (CECs) and Glucose transporter-1 (Glut1+ CECs (BDCECs)) by flow cytometry. We found that BDCECs formed a separate, aggregate cell population. Glut1 expression on BDCECs, measured by the median fluorescence intensity, was significantly decreased in patients with AD compared to both the healthy controls and patients with myocardial infarction ((p < .05, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's post hoc test). We found no significant differences in cell numbers. Our study shows that isolation of BDCECs offers a promising non-invasive tool to investigate cells derived from the BBB. Downregulation of Glut1 at the mild stages of AD suggests that agents that increase Glut1 levels may be therapeutic candidates to improve energy availability to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Vogelsang
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lasse Melvaer Giil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Anders Lund
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian A Vedeler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anagha P Parkar
- Department of Radiology, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Erik Nordrehaug
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Einar K Kristoffersen
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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16
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Almici C, Skert C, Bruno B, Bianchetti A, Verardi R, Di Palma A, Neva A, Braga S, Piccinelli G, Piovani G, Malagola M, Bernardi S, Giaccone L, Brunello L, Festuccia M, Baeten K, Russo D, Marini M. Circulating endothelial cell count: a reliable marker of endothelial damage in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:1637-1642. [PMID: 28892085 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The physio-pathologic interrelationships between endothelium and GvHD have been better elucidated and have led to definition of the entity 'endothelial GvHD' as an essential early phase prior to the clinical presentation of acute GvHD. Using the CellSearch system, we analyzed circulating endothelial cells (CEC) in 90 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) patients at the following time-points: T1 (pre-conditioning), T2 (pre-transplant), T3 (engraftment), T4 (onset of GvHD) and T5 (1 week after steroid treatment). Although CEC changes in allo-HSCT represent a dynamic phenomenon influenced by many variables (that is, conditioning, immunosuppressive treatments, engraftment syndrome and infections), we showed that CEC peaks were constantly seen at onset of acute GvHD and invariably returned to pre-transplant values after treatment response. Since we showed that CEC changes during allo-HSCT has rapid kinetics that may be easily missed if blood samples are drawn at pre-fixed time-points, we rather suggest an 'on demand' evaluation of CEC counts right at onset of GvHD clinical symptoms to possibly help differentiate GvHD from other non-endothelial complications. We confirm that CEC changes are a suitable biomarker to monitor endothelial damage in patients undergoing allo-transplantation and hold the potential to become a useful tool to support GvHD diagnosis (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02064972).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Almici
- Department of Trasfusion Medicine, Laboratory for Stem Cells Manipulation and Cryopreservation, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - C Skert
- Chair of Hematology, Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - B Bruno
- BMT Unit, Department of Oncology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - A Bianchetti
- Department of Trasfusion Medicine, Laboratory for Stem Cells Manipulation and Cryopreservation, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - R Verardi
- Department of Trasfusion Medicine, Laboratory for Stem Cells Manipulation and Cryopreservation, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Di Palma
- Chair of Hematology, Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Neva
- Department of Trasfusion Medicine, Laboratory for Stem Cells Manipulation and Cryopreservation, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - S Braga
- Department of Trasfusion Medicine, Laboratory for Stem Cells Manipulation and Cryopreservation, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Piccinelli
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Piovani
- Biology and Genetics Division, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Malagola
- Chair of Hematology, Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - S Bernardi
- Chair of Hematology, Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - L Giaccone
- BMT Unit, Department of Oncology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - L Brunello
- BMT Unit, Department of Oncology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Festuccia
- BMT Unit, Department of Oncology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - K Baeten
- Global Scientific and Medical Affairs, Janssen Diagnostics, Beerse, Belgium
| | - D Russo
- Chair of Hematology, Unit of Blood Diseases and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Marini
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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17
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Enumeration of circulating endothelial cell frequency as a diagnostic marker in aortic valve surgery - a flow cytometric approach. J Cardiothorac Surg 2017; 12:68. [PMID: 28793899 PMCID: PMC5551027 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-017-0631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The frequency of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) in patients’ peripheral blood can be assessed as a direct marker of endothelial damage. However, conventional enumeration methods are extremely challenging. We developed a novel, automated approach to determine CEC frequencies and tested this method on two groups of patients undergoing conventional (CAVR) versus trans-catheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Methods CEC frequencies were assessed by a flow cytometric approach, including automated pre-enrichment of CD34 positive blood cell subpopulation and isotype controls. The efficacy and reproducibility of the CEC enumeration method was validated by spiking blood samples of healthy control donors with defined numbers of endothelial cells. Results CEC frequencies were significantly higher in the TAVI group before (9.8 ± 4.1 vs. 5.5 ± 2.2, p = 0.019) and 1 h after surgery (13.4 ± 5.1 vs. 8.2 ± 4.1, p = 0.030) corresponding to higher Euroscore, STS score in higher risk patients from the TAVI group. Five days after surgery, CEC frequencies became significantly higher in the more invasive CAVR group (39.0 ± 13.0 vs. 14.3 ± 4.4, p < 0.001) compared to minimally invasive TAVI approach. Conclusions The new flow cytometric approach might be a robust and reliable method for CEC enumeration. Initial results show that CEC frequency is a valid clinical marker for the assessment of pre-operative risk, invasiveness of surgical procedure and clinical outcome. Further studies are necessary to validate the practical clinical usefulness and the potential superiority compared to conventional markers.
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18
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Zhou F, Zhou Y, Dong J, Tan W. Circulating endothelial cells and their subsets: novel biomarkers for cancer. Biomark Med 2017; 11:665-676. [PMID: 28597689 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis contributes to the growth of solid tumors. Antiangiogenic agents are widely used in various cancers and considerable efforts have been made in the development of novel biomarkers that can predict the outcome of an anticancer treatment. Of those, circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and their subsets constitute a surrogate tool for monitoring disease activity. However, owing to the lack of standardization on the phenotypes and detection of CECs and their subsets, results have always been inconsistent and uninterpretable. In this review, we focus on the biological characteristics in terms of physiology, phenotypes and detection of CECs along with their subsets; review the current scenario of CEC enumeration as a surrogate biomarker in clinical oncology; and explore their future potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China.,Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yaying Zhou
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenyong Tan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
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Development of a Modular Assay for Detailed Immunophenotyping of Peripheral Human Whole Blood Samples by Multicolor Flow Cytometry. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081316. [PMID: 27529227 PMCID: PMC5000713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The monitoring of immune cells gained great significance in prognosis and prediction of therapy responses. For analyzing blood samples, the multicolor flow cytometry has become the method of choice as it combines high specificity on single cell level with multiple parameters and high throughput. Here, we present a modular assay for the detailed immunophenotyping of blood (DIoB) that was optimized for an easy and direct application in whole blood samples. The DIoB assay characterizes 34 immune cell subsets that circulate the peripheral blood including all major immune cells such as T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. In addition, it evaluates their functional state and a few non-leukocytes that also have been associated with the outcome of cancer therapy. This DIoB assay allows a longitudinal and close-meshed monitoring of a detailed immune status in patients requiring only 2.0 mL of peripheral blood and it is not restricted to peripheral blood mononuclear cells. It is currently applied for the immune monitoring of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (IMMO-GLIO-01 trial, NCT02022384), pancreatic cancer (CONKO-007 trial, NCT01827553), and head and neck cancer (DIREKHT trial, NCT02528955) and might pave the way for immune biomarker identification for prediction and prognosis of therapy outcome.
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20
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Circulating endothelial cells and serum visfatin are indicators of cardiovascular disease risk in psoriasis patients. DERMATOL SIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsi.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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21
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Elevated circulating endothelial cell-derived microparticle levels in patients with liver cirrhosis: a preliminary report. Clin Exp Hepatol 2015; 1:105-111. [PMID: 28856256 PMCID: PMC5497416 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2015.55567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study To determine plausible associations between liver cirrhosis and circulating endothelial cell-derived microparticles (EMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels and plasma nitric oxide (NO) metabolites. Material and methods Sixty patients with cirrhosis and 20 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. Circulating EMPs from platelet-poor plasma samples were examined by flow cytometry. These microparticles were categorized into endothelial cell-derived activated MPs (EMP-ac) (CD31+ CD42b– AN-V–) and endothelial cell-derived apoptotic MPs (EMP-ap) (CD31+ CD42b– AN-V+). Plasma VEGF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma NO metabolites (NOx–) levels were determined using a Greiss reaction method. Results Compared with the healthy control subjects, the patients with cirrhosis showed a significant increase in plasma levels of both phenotypes of EMPs. When the presence of ascites was considered, the plasma levels of EMP-ap were higher (p < 0.01), as well as NOx– (p < 0.05). EMP-ap positively correlated with VEGF level in all cirrhotic patients and this correlation was stronger in decompensated cirrhotic patients. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the independent factors associated with the presence of ascites were high EMP-ap levels and elevated VEGF levels. Conclusions Elevated plasma levels of EMP-ap in addition to high levels of VEGF might be considered as valuable parameters for predicting the occurrence of ascites in cirrhotic patients.
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22
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Lanuti P, Rotta G, Almici C, Avvisati G, Budillon A, Doretto P, Malara N, Marini M, Neva A, Simeone P, Di Gennaro E, Leone A, Falda A, Tozzoli R, Gregorj C, Di Cerbo M, Trunzo V, Mollace V, Marchisio M, Miscia S. Endothelial progenitor cells, defined by the simultaneous surface expression of VEGFR2 and CD133, are not detectable in healthy peripheral and cord blood. Cytometry A 2015; 89:259-70. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science; School of Medicine and Health Science, University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara; Chieti 66013 Italy
- Center for Ageing Sciences (Ce.S.I.), “Università G. d'Annunzio” Foundation; Chieti 66013 Italy
| | | | - Camillo Almici
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; Laboratory for Stem Cells Manipulation and Cryopreservation, AO Spedali Civili di Brescia; Brescia 25123 Italy
| | - Giuseppe Avvisati
- Department of Hematology; Stem Cell Transplantation, Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital; Rome 00128 Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS; Naples 80131 Italy
| | - Paolo Doretto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Clinical Pathology Laboratory, “S. Maria Degli Angeli” Hospital; Pordenone 33170 Italy
| | - Natalia Malara
- Department of Health Science; Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro; Catanzaro 88100 Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; BioNEM Lab, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100; Italy
| | - Mirella Marini
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; Laboratory for Stem Cells Manipulation and Cryopreservation, AO Spedali Civili di Brescia; Brescia 25123 Italy
| | - Arabella Neva
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; Laboratory for Stem Cells Manipulation and Cryopreservation, AO Spedali Civili di Brescia; Brescia 25123 Italy
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science; School of Medicine and Health Science, University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara; Chieti 66013 Italy
- Center for Ageing Sciences (Ce.S.I.), “Università G. d'Annunzio” Foundation; Chieti 66013 Italy
| | - Elena Di Gennaro
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS; Naples 80131 Italy
| | - Alessandra Leone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS; Naples 80131 Italy
| | - Alessandra Falda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Clinical Pathology Laboratory, “S. Maria Degli Angeli” Hospital; Pordenone 33170 Italy
| | - Renato Tozzoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Clinical Pathology Laboratory, “S. Maria Degli Angeli” Hospital; Pordenone 33170 Italy
| | - Chiara Gregorj
- Department of Hematology; Stem Cell Transplantation, Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital; Rome 00128 Italy
| | - Melania Di Cerbo
- Department of Hematology; Stem Cell Transplantation, Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital; Rome 00128 Italy
| | - Valentina Trunzo
- Department of Health Science; Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro; Catanzaro 88100 Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Science; Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro; Catanzaro 88100 Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science; School of Medicine and Health Science, University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara; Chieti 66013 Italy
- Center for Ageing Sciences (Ce.S.I.), “Università G. d'Annunzio” Foundation; Chieti 66013 Italy
| | - Sebastiano Miscia
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science; School of Medicine and Health Science, University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara; Chieti 66013 Italy
- Center for Ageing Sciences (Ce.S.I.), “Università G. d'Annunzio” Foundation; Chieti 66013 Italy
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Cheng IF, Huang WL, Chen TY, Liu CW, Lin YD, Su WC. Antibody-free isolation of rare cancer cells from blood based on 3D lateral dielectrophoresis. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2950-9. [PMID: 26085231 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00120j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We present an antibody-free approach for the high-purity and high-throughput dielectrophoretic (DEP) isolation of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) from blood in a microfluidic chip. A hydrodynamic sheath flow is designed upstream in the chip to direct the suspension samples to the channel side walls, thus providing a queue to allow DEP-induced lateral displacements. High-throughput continuous cancer cell sorting (maximum flow rate: ~2.4 mL h(-1), linear velocity: ~4 mm s(-1)) is achieved with a sustained 3D lateral DEP (LDEP) particle force normal to the continuous through-flow. This design allows the continuous fractionation of micro/nanosized particles into different downstream subchannels based on the differences in their different critical negative DEP strengths/mobilities. The main advantage of this separation strategy is that increasing the channel length can effectively increase the throughput proportionally. The effective separation of rare cancer cells (<0.001%) from diluted human blood in a handheld chip is demonstrated. An enrichment factor of 10(5) and a recovery rate of ~85% from a 0.001% cancer cell sample are achieved at an optimal flow rate of 20 μL min(-1) passing through a 6 cm long LDEP channel with an appropriate voltage at a frequency of 10 kHz. A higher throughput of 2.4 mL h(-1) is also achieved with a 13 cm long metal-based microchannel.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Fang Cheng
- National Nano Device Laboratories, National Applied Research Laboratories, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Ho LC, Wu WC, Chang CY, Hsieh HH, Lee CH, Chang HT. Aptamer-conjugated polymeric nanoparticles for the detection of cancer cells through "turn-on" retro-self-quenched fluorescence. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4925-32. [PMID: 25853548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a simple, sensitive, and rapid fluorescence assay for the detection of cancer cells, based on "turn-on" retro-self-quenched fluorescence inside the cells. 1,3-Phenylenediamine resin (DAR) nanoparticles (NPs) containing rhodamine 6G (R6G) are conjugated with aptamer (apt) sgc8c to prepare sgc8c-R6GDAR NPs, while that containing rhodamine 101 (R101) are conjugated with TD05 for the preparation of TD05-R101DAR NPs. The sgc8c-R6GDAR and TD05-R101DAR NPs separately recognize CCRF-CEM and Ramos cells. The fluorescence intensities of the two apt-DAR NPs are both weak due to self-quenching, but they increase inside the cells as a result of release of the fluorophores from the apt-DAR NPs. The apt-DAR NPs' structure becomes less compact at low pH value, leading to the release of the fluorophores. The sgc8c-R6GDAR and TD05-R101DAR NPs allow detection of as low as 44 CCRF-CEM cells and 79 Ramos cells mL(-1), respectively, using a commercial reader within 10 min. Practicality of the two probes have been validated by the quantitation and identification of CCRF-CEM and Ramos cells spiked in blood samples through conventional fluorescence and flow cytometry analysis, with advantages of sensitivity, selectivity, and rapidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Chen Ho
- †Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Wu
- ‡Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan and National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yu Chang
- §Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan.,∥Public Health Center of Zhunan Township, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hsuan Hsieh
- †Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiao Lee
- §Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- †Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Flores-Nascimento MC, Alessio AM, de Andrade Orsi FL, Annichino-Bizzacchi JM. CD144, CD146 and VEGFR-2 properly identify circulating endothelial cell. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2015; 37:98-102. [PMID: 25818819 PMCID: PMC4382576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies evaluating circulating endothelial cells by flow cytometry are faced by a lack of consensus about the best combination of monoclonal antibodies to be used. The rarity of these cells in peripheral blood, which represent 0.01% of mononuclear cells, drastically increases this challenge. Objective The aim of this study is to suggest some combinations of markers that would safely and properly identify these cells. Methods Flow cytometry analysis of circulating endothelial cells was performed applying three different panels composed of different combinations of the CD144, CD146, CD31, CD133, CD45 and anti-Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 antibodies. Results In spite of the rarity of the events, they were detectable and presented similar inter-person numbers of circulating endothelial cells. Conclusion The combination of markers successfully identified the circulating endothelial cells in healthy individuals, with the use of three different panels confirming the obtained data as reliable.
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26
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Mancuso P, Calleri A, Gregato G, Labanca V, Quarna J, Antoniotti P, Cuppini L, Finocchiaro G, Eoli M, Rosti V, Bertolini F. A subpopulation of circulating endothelial cells express CD109 and is enriched in the blood of cancer patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114713. [PMID: 25506915 PMCID: PMC4266608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The endothelium is not a homogeneous organ. Endothelial cell heterogeneity has been described at the level of cell morphology, function, gene expression, and antigen composition. As a consequence of the genetic, transcriptome and surrounding environment diversity, endothelial cells from different vascular beds have differentiated functions and phenotype. Detection of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) by flow cytometry is an approach widely used in cancer patients, and their number, viability and kinetic is a promising tool to stratify patient receiving anti-angiogenic treatment. Methodology/Principal Findings Currently CECs are identified as positive for a nuclear binding antigen (DNA+), negative for the pan leukocyte marker CD45, and positive for CD31 and CD146. Following an approach recently validated in our laboratory, we investigated the expression of CD109 on CECs from the peripheral blood of healthy subject and cancer patients. The endothelial nature of these cells was validated by RT-PCR for the presence of m-RNA level of CDH5 (Ve-Cadherin) and CLDN5 (Claudin5), two endothelial specific transcripts. Before treatment, significantly higher levels of CD109+ CECs and viable CD109+CECs were found in breast cancer patients and glioblastoma patients compared to healthy controls, and their number significantly decreased after treatment. Higher levels of endothelial specific transcripts expressed in developing endothelial cells CLEC14a, TMEM204, ARHGEF15, GPR116, were observed in sorted CD109+CECs when compared to sorted CD146+CECs, suggesting that these genes can play an important role not only during embryogenesis but also in adult angiogenesis. Interestingly, mRNA levels of TEM8 (identified as Antrax Toxin Receptor1, Antrax1) were expressed in CD109+CECs+ but not in CD146+CECs. Conclusion Taken together our results suggest that CD109 represent a rare population of circulating tumor endothelial cells, that play a potentially useful prognostic role in patients with glioblastoma. The role of CD109 expression in cancer vessel-specific endothelial cells deserves to be further investigated by gene expression studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Mancuso
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Angelica Calleri
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Gregato
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Labanca
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Quarna
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Cuppini
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marica Eoli
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Rosti
- Center for the Study and Treatment of Myelofibrosis, Research Laboratories of Biotechnology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertolini
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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Endothelial CD276 (B7-H3) expression is increased in human malignancies and distinguishes between normal and tumour-derived circulating endothelial cells. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:149-56. [PMID: 24892449 PMCID: PMC4090744 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mature circulating endothelial cells (CEC) are surrogate markers of endothelial damage. CEC measured in patients with advanced cancer are thought not only to derive from damaged normal vasculature (n-CEC), but also from damaged (t-CEC). Therefore, assays that allow the discrimination between these two putative types of CEC are thought to improve the specificity of the enumeration of CEC in cancer. Methods: Identification of tumour-associated endothelial markers (TEM) by comparing antigen expression on normal vs t-CEC and assess the presence of t-CEC in peripheral blood of cancer patients by incorporating TEM in our novel flow cytometry-based CEC detection assay. Results: No difference in antigen expression between normal and malignant endothelial cells (ECs) was found for CD54, CD109, CD137, CD141, CD144 and CXCR7. In contrast, overexpression for CD105, CD146, CD276 and CD309 was observed in tumour ECs compared with normal ECs. CD276 was most differentially expressed and chosen as a marker for further investigation. CD276-expressing CEC were significantly higher in 15 patients with advanced colorectal cancer (median 9 (range 1–293 cell per 4 ml); P<0.005), in 83 patients with a glioblastoma multiforme (median 10 (range 0–804); P<0.0001) and in 14 patients with advanced breast cancer (median 14 (range 0–390) P<0.05) as compared with 24 healthy individuals (median 3 (range 0–11)). Of all patients with malignancies, 58% had CD276+ CEC counts above the ULN (8 cell per 4 ml). Conclusions: The present study shows that CD276 can be used to discriminate ECs from malignant tissue from ECs from normal tissue. In addition, CD276+ CEC do occur in higher frequencies in patients with advanced cancer.
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Szabó DR, Baghy K, Szabó PM, Zsippai A, Marczell I, Nagy Z, Varga V, Éder K, Tóth S, Buzás EI, Falus A, Kovalszky I, Patócs A, Rácz K, Igaz P. Antitumoral effects of 9-cis retinoic acid in adrenocortical cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:917-32. [PMID: 23807211 PMCID: PMC11113805 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The currently available medical treatment options of adrenocortical cancer (ACC) are limited. In our previous meta-analysis of adrenocortical tumor genomics data, ACC was associated with reduced retinoic acid production and retinoid X receptor-mediated signaling. Our objective has been to study the potential antitumoral effects of 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cisRA) on the ACC cell line NCI-H295R and in a xenograft model. Cell proliferation, hormone secretion, and gene expression have been studied in the NCI-H295R cell line. A complex bioinformatics approach involving pathway and network analysis has been performed. Selected genes have been validated by real-time qRT-PCR. Athymic nude mice xenografted with NCI-H295R have been used in a pilot in vivo xenograft model. 9-cisRA significantly decreased cell viability and steroid hormone secretion in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in the NCI-H295R cell line. Four major molecular pathways have been identified by the analysis of gene expression data. Ten genes have been successfully validated involved in: (1) steroid hormone secretion (HSD3B1, HSD3B2), (2) retinoic acid signaling (ABCA1, ABCG1, HMGCR), (3) cell-cycle damage (GADD45A, CCNE2, UHRF1), and the (4) immune response (MAP2K6, IL1R2). 9-cisRA appears to directly regulate the cell cycle by network analysis. 9-cisRA also reduced tumor growth in the in vivo xenograft model. In conclusion, 9-cisRA might represent a promising new candidate in the treatment of hormone-secreting adrenal tumors and adrenocortical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rita Szabó
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Str. 46, Budapest, 1088 Hungary
| | - Kornélia Baghy
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői Str. 26, Budapest, 1088 Hungary
| | - Peter M. Szabó
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Str. 46, Budapest, 1088 Hungary
| | - Adrienn Zsippai
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Str. 46, Budapest, 1088 Hungary
| | - István Marczell
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Str. 46, Budapest, 1088 Hungary
| | - Zoltán Nagy
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Str. 46, Budapest, 1088 Hungary
| | - Vivien Varga
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Str. 46, Budapest, 1088 Hungary
| | - Katalin Éder
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sq. 4, Budapest, 1089 Hungary
| | - Sára Tóth
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sq. 4, Budapest, 1089 Hungary
| | - Edit I. Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sq. 4, Budapest, 1089 Hungary
| | - András Falus
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sq. 4, Budapest, 1089 Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői Str. 26, Budapest, 1088 Hungary
| | - Attila Patócs
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Str. 46, Budapest, 1088 Hungary
| | - Károly Rácz
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Str. 46, Budapest, 1088 Hungary
| | - Peter Igaz
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Str. 46, Budapest, 1088 Hungary
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Benhamou Y, Bellien J, Armengol G, Gomez E, Richard V, Lévesque H, Joannidès R. [Assessment of endothelial function in autoimmune diseases]. Rev Med Interne 2014; 35:512-23. [PMID: 24412013 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous autoimmune-inflammatory rheumatic diseases have been associated with accelerated atherosclerosis or other types of vasculopathy leading to an increase in cardiovascular disease incidence. In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, endothelial dysfunction is an important early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, contributing to plaque initiation and progression. Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by a shift of the actions of the endothelium toward reduced vasodilation, a proinflammatory and a proadhesive state, and prothrombic properties. Therefore, assessment of endothelial dysfunction targets this vascular phenotype using several biological markers as indicators of endothelial dysfunction. Measurements of soluble adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin), pro-thrombotic factors (thrombomodulin, von Willebrand factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) and inflammatory cytokines are most often performed. Regarding the functional assessment of the endothelium, the flow-mediated dilatation of conduit arteries is a non-invasive method widely used in pathophysiological and interventional studies. In this review, we will briefly review the most relevant information upon endothelial dysfunction mechanisms and explorations. We will summarize the similarities and differences in the biological and functional assessments of the endothelium in different autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Benhamou
- Département de médecine interne, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France; Service de pharmacologie, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France; Inserm U 1096, faculté de médecine de Rouen, 22, boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen cedex, France.
| | - J Bellien
- Département de médecine interne, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France; Service de pharmacologie, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France
| | - G Armengol
- Département de médecine interne, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France
| | - E Gomez
- Inserm U 1096, faculté de médecine de Rouen, 22, boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen cedex, France
| | - V Richard
- Inserm U 1096, faculté de médecine de Rouen, 22, boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen cedex, France
| | - H Lévesque
- Département de médecine interne, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France; Inserm U 1096, faculté de médecine de Rouen, 22, boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen cedex, France
| | - R Joannidès
- Service de pharmacologie, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031 Rouen cedex, France; Inserm U 1096, faculté de médecine de Rouen, 22, boulevard Gambetta, 76183 Rouen cedex, France
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30
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Hadjinicolaou AV, Wu L, Fang B, Watson PA, Hall FC, Busch R. Relationship of CD146 expression to activation of circulating T cells: exploratory studies in healthy donors and patients with connective tissue diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 174:73-88. [PMID: 23738744 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cell adhesion molecule, CD146, is expressed on ≈ 2% of normal circulating T cells, correlating with T cell activation, endothelial interactions and T helper type 17 (Th17) effector functions. In this study, we have characterized CD146 expression in circulating T cells from healthy controls and patients with stable, well-controlled autoimmune connective tissue diseases (CTDs). In vitro, anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation induced CD146 expression in both CD4 and CD8 T cells. In healthy controls and CTD patients, CD146 was associated with expression of recent and chronic activation markers (CD25(+), OX-40(+), CD69(+), CD27(-)) and was confined to CD45RO(+)/RA(-)/CD28(+) populations within the CD4 subset. Except for CD69, these markers were not associated with CD146 in the CD8 subset. Surprisingly, most CTD patients exhibited no T cell hyperactivation ex vivo. In five of five patients with secondary Sjögren's syndrome circulating T cells appeared activated despite therapy, and CD146 up-regulation, associated with activation markers, was observed both on CD4 and CD8 T cells. There was no association between CD146 and putative pro-atherogenic T cell subsets. In conclusion, the relationship of CD146 expression to T cell activation differs between T cell subsets in healthy subjects and correlates with systemic hyperactivity, where present, in patients with CTDs, as exemplified by the patients with secondary Sjögren's syndrome in this study.
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31
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Samsel L, Dagur PK, Raghavachari N, Seamon C, Kato GJ, McCoy JP. Imaging flow cytometry for morphologic and phenotypic characterization of rare circulating endothelial cells. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2013; 84:379-89. [PMID: 23554273 PMCID: PMC3819459 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells in the peripheral circulation are rare events that require technically rigorous approaches for detection by flow cytometry. Visualization of these cells has been even more demanding, as this has historically required extensive enrichment and processing prior to attempting imaging. As a result, few, if any, examples exist on images of peripheral blood circulating endothelial cells (CECs) that include verification of the cell lineage both phenotypically and genomically. In this study, we have devised a method whereby CECs can be directly visualized after lysis of red blood cells and staining, without pre-enrichment or additional processing. Peripheral blood is stained with CD45, CD146, CD3, Hoechst, and DAPI to permit identification of CD146 positive, nonleukocyte, nucleated, and live cells that fit the description of CECs. These cells are imaged using the Amnis ImageStream(X), an imaging flow cytometer. Genomic verification of the endothelial nature of these cells is accomplished by using an aliquot of the same stained samples for sorting CECs using similar gating strategies. This proof of principle of direct imaging of CECs by imaging flow cytometry will permit studies to be conducted heretofore not possible, as the ImageStream(X) has the capability of detecting additional fluorochromes other than those used to identify the CECs. Such potential investigations include antigen colocalization or capping, autophagy and apoptosis, morphologic changes in response to therapy, and others. Thus, this method will enable a broad range of novel studies to be conducted using CECs as surrogates of the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Samsel
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Abstract
Human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been generally defined as circulating cells that express a variety of cell surface markers similar to those expressed by vascular endothelial cells, adhere to endothelium at sites of hypoxia/ischemia, and participate in new vessel formation. Although no specific marker for an EPC has been identified, a panel of markers has been consistently used as a surrogate marker for cells displaying the vascular regenerative properties of the putative EPC. However, it is now clear that a host of hematopoietic and vascular endothelial subsets display the same panel of antigens and can only be discriminated by an extensive gene expression analysis or use of a variety of functional assays that are not often applied. This article reviews our current understanding of the many cell subsets that constitute the term EPC and provides a concluding perspective as to the various roles played by these circulating or resident cells in vessel repair and regeneration in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatrics Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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Custodio A, Barriuso J, de Castro J, Martínez-Marín V, Moreno V, Rodríguez-Salas N, Feliu J. Molecular markers to predict outcome to antiangiogenic therapies in colorectal cancer: current evidence and future perspectives. Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 39:908-24. [PMID: 23510598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a universal requirement for the growth of solid tumours beyond the limits of oxygen diffusion from the existing vasculature. The expression and function of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors are altered in solid malignancies to drive net neoangiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been confirmed in several clinical trials as an important therapeutic target in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. However, given that the efficacy of antiangiogenic agents appears to be limited to a subset of patients, the identification of who will obtain the greater benefit from this therapy or suffer from specific toxicities and when or for how long they should be administered in the treatment algorithm are major open questions for clinicians and challenges for present and future research. Current evidence indicates some predictive value for particular circulating measures, such as an increase in VEGF, a decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) or circulating endothelial cells, tissue biomarkers, microvessel density, KRAS and BRAF gene mutations or polymorphisms affecting components of the VEGF pathway. Many questions relating to these and other surrogate biomarkers, however, remain unanswered and their clinical usefulness has yet to be proven. This review will focus on the present status of knowledge and future perspectives for developing molecular tools to foresee and monitor antiangiogenic therapy activity in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Custodio
- Medical Oncology Department, IDiPAZ, RTICC (RD06/0020/1022), La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
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Post ICJH, Weenink RP, van Wijk ACWA, Heger M, Böing AN, van Hulst RA, van Gulik TM. Characterization and quantification of porcine circulating endothelial cells. Xenotransplantation 2013; 20:18-26. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivo C. J. H. Post
- Department of Surgery (Surgical Laboratory); Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | | | - Albert C. W. A. van Wijk
- Department of Surgery (Surgical Laboratory); Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Michal Heger
- Department of Surgery (Surgical Laboratory); Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Anita N. Böing
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas M. van Gulik
- Department of Surgery (Surgical Laboratory); Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
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Differential expression of Tie2 receptor and VEGFR2 by endothelial clones derived from isolated bovine mononuclear cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53385. [PMID: 23300924 PMCID: PMC3534049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of these experiments was to evaluate the expression of endothelial markers, such as Tie2 and VEGFR2 in endothelial cells derived from blood mononuclear endothelial progenitor cells. Bovine mononuclear cells were isolated using separation by centrifugation and were grown in endothelial specific media supplemented with growth factors. Isolation of the whole cell population of mononuclear cells (MNC) from bovine peripheral blood gave rise to progenitor-like cells (CD45−) that, although morphologically similar, have different phenotypes revealed by expression of endothelial specific markers Tie2 and VEGFR2. Plating of MNCs on collagen and fibronectin gave rise to more colonies than non-coated dishes. Occasional colonies from MNC isolations had a mural cell phenotype, negative for Tie2 and VEGFR2 but positive for smooth muscle actin and PDGFRβ. Although cells expressing high levels of VEGFR2 and low levels of Tie2, and vice versa were both able to form cords on Matrigel, cells with higher expression of Tie2 migrate faster in a scratch assay than ones with lower expression of Tie2. When these different clones of cells were introduced in mice through tail vein injections, they retained an ability to home to angiogenesis occurring in a subcutaneous Matrigel plug, regardless of their Tie2/VEGFR2 receptor expression patterns, but cells with high VEGFR2/low Tie2 were more likely to be CD31 positive. Therefore, we suggest that active sites of angiogenesis (such as wounds, tumors, etc.) can attract a variety of endothelial cell precursors that may differentially express Tie2 and VEGFR2 receptors, and thus affect our interpretation of EPCs as biomarkers or therapies for vascular disease.
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Zsippai A, Szabó DR, Tömböl Z, Szabó PM, Éder K, Pállinger É, Gaillard RC, Patócs A, Tóth S, Falus A, Rácz K, Igaz P. Effects of mitotane on gene expression in the adrenocortical cell line NCI-H295R: a microarray study. Pharmacogenomics 2012; 13:1351-61. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The adrenolytic agent mitotane is widely used in the treatment of adrenocortical cancer; however, its mechanism of action is poorly elucidated. We have studied mitotane-induced mRNA expression changes in the NCI-H295R adrenocortical cancer cell line. Materials & methods: Cell viability and hormone assays were used to select the optimal mitotane concentration effectively inhibiting hormone secretion without affecting cell viability. RNA isolated from cultures treated for 48 and 72 h was subjected to Agilent 4×44K microarray platforms. Microarray results were validated by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. Results: Altogether, 117 significantly differentially expressed genes were detected at 48 h and 72 h (p < 0.05) in mitotane-treated samples relative to controls. Three significantly underexpressed genes involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis (HSD3B1, HSD3B2 and CYP21A2) and four significantly overexpressed genes (GDF15, ALDH1L2, TRIB3 and SERPINE2) have been validated. Conclusion: Gene-expression changes might be involved in the adrenal action of mitotane and in the inhibition of hormone secretion. Original submitted 20 January 2012; Revision submitted 17 May 2012
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Zsippai
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi street 46, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diana Rita Szabó
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi street 46, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Tömböl
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi street 46, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter M Szabó
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi street 46, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Éder
- Department of Genetics, Cell & Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad square 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Pállinger
- Department of Genetics, Cell & Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad square 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rolf C Gaillard
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology & Metabolism, University Hospital Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46., CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Attila Patócs
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences & Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi street 46, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sára Tóth
- Department of Genetics, Cell & Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad square 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Falus
- Department of Genetics, Cell & Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad square 4, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Károly Rácz
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi street 46, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Igaz
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi street 46, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
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Kraan J, Strijbos MH, Sieuwerts AM, Foekens JA, den Bakker MA, Verhoef C, Sleijfer S, Gratama JW. A new approach for rapid and reliable enumeration of circulating endothelial cells in patients. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:931-9. [PMID: 22385979 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mature circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are surrogate markers of endothelial damage/dysfunction. A lack of standardized assays and consensus on CEC phenotype has resulted in a wide variation of reported CEC numbers (4-1300 per mL). OBJECTIVES Given the need for a quick, reliable, robust and validated CEC assay at an affordable price, we present a novel approach to enumerate CECs using a multi-parameter flow cytometric (FCM) method without immunological pre-enrichment. METHODS CECs were defined as CD34+, CD45neg, CD146+ and DNA+ events based on the immunophenotype of endothelial cells from vein-wall dissections. As CECs express high levels of CD34, we based our assay on absolute CD34 counts after analyzing all CD34 positive events in a total blood volume of 4 mL needed for a precise enumeration of CECs at a frequency of < 1 cell μL(-1). RESULTS The endothelial origin of CECs was confirmed by morphology, immunohistochemistry and gene expression. The new FCM assay was tested in parallel with a validated assay (i.e. CellSearch). CEC levels ranged from 4 to 79 CEC mL(-1) in healthy individuals and were significantly higher in patients with advanced solid malignancies (P = 0.0008) and in patients with hematological malignancies (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This flow cytometric method should be useful as a fast and economical assay to enumerate and characterize CECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kraan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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Circulating endothelial cells and their apoptotic fraction are mutually independent predictive biomarkers in Bevacizumab-based treatment for advanced colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:1187-96. [PMID: 22419441 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bevacizumab has shown consistent clinical efficacy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but some patients respond better than others. Thus, it is crucial to identify biomarkers that permit the recognition of potentially responsive subjects and to spare toxicity in those who are unlikely benefit from treatment. METHODS In 24 mCRC patients undergoing Bevacizumab-based first-line treatment, we assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry changes in circulating endothelial cell (CEC) number, their apoptotic fraction (APO-CEC) and their mutual relationship. Data were compared with those from a group of 21 healthy subjects. RESULTS CECs and APO-CECs were higher in patients versus controls (p = 0.01 and p > 0.05, respectively). The increase in CECs at the 3rd cycle in complete response (CR) patients was statistically significant (p = 0.048). A better progression-free survival was evidenced in patients that showed an increase in CECs at the 6th cycle (p = 0.009). Regarding the changes in CECs and APO-CECs, a strong correlation was evidenced, at baseline, both in the global population (0.002; r: 0.53) and in the CR subgroup (p: 0.02; r: 0.77). In the partial response + stable and progression disease (SD + PD) subgroup, this correlation was highly significant at the 6th cycle (p: 0.001; r: 0.83). CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the predictive role of an increase in CECs in mCRC patients treated with Bevacizumab-based therapy and showed that modifications in CECs and APO-CECs are independent factors. This underlines the relevance of a simultaneous quantitative and functional evaluation of these biomarkers in view of their possible diagnostic utility.
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Massard C, Borget I, Le Deley MC, Taylor M, Gomez-Roca C, Soria JC, Farace F. Prognostic value of circulating VEGFR2+ bone marrow-derived progenitor cells in patients with advanced cancer. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:1354-62. [PMID: 22370181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesised that host-related markers, possibly reflecting tumour aggressiveness, such as circulating endothelial cells (CEC) and circulating VEGFR2(+) bone marrow-derived (BMD) progenitor cells, could have prognostic value in patients with advanced cancer enrolled in early anticancer drug development trials. Baseline CECs (CD45(-)CD31(+)CD146(+)7AAD(-) cells) and circulating VEGFR2(+)-BMD progenitor cells (defined as CD45(dim)CD34(+)VEGFR2(+)7AAD(-) cells) were measured by flow-cytometry in 71 and 58 patients included in phase 1 trials testing novel anti-vascular or anti-angiogenic agents. Correlations between levels of CECs, circulating VEGFR2(+)-BMD progenitor cells, clinical and biological prognostic factors (i.e. the Royal Marsden Hospital (RMH) score), and overall survival (OS) were studied. The median value of CECs was 12 CEC/ml (range 0-154/ml). The median level of VEGFR2(+)-BMD progenitor cells was 1.3% (range 0-32.5%) of circulating BMD-CD34(+) progenitors. While OS was not correlated with CEC levels, it was significantly worse in patients with high VEGFR2(+)-BMD progenitor levels (>1%) (median OS 9.0 versus 17.0 months), and with a RMH prognostic score >0 (median OS 9.0 versus 24.2 months). The prognostic value of VEGFR2(+)-BMD progenitor levels remained significant (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-4.6, p = 0.02) after multivariate analysis. A composite VEGFR2(+)-BMD progenitor level/RHM score ≥ 2 was significantly associated with an increased risk of death compared to scores of 0 or 1 (median OS 9.0 versus 18.4 months, HR = 2.6 (95%CI, 1.2-5.8, p = 0.02)). High circulating VEGFR2(+)-BMD progenitor levels are associated with poor prognostics and when combined to classical clinical and biological parameters could provide a new tool for patient selection in early anticancer drug trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Massard
- Department of Medicine, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
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Mund JA, Estes ML, Yoder MC, Ingram DA, Case J. Flow cytometric identification and functional characterization of immature and mature circulating endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:1045-53. [PMID: 22282356 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.244210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to identify and characterize 2 distinct populations of bona fide circulating endothelial cells, including the endothelial colony-forming cell (ECFC), by polychromatic flow cytometry (PFC), colony assays, immunomagnetic selection, and electron microscopy. METHODS AND RESULTS Mononuclear cells from human umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood were analyzed using our recently published PFC protocol. A population of cells containing both ECFCs and mature circulating endothelial cells was determined by varying expressions of CD34, CD31, and CD146 but not AC133 and CD45. After immunomagnetic separation, these cells failed to form hematopoietic colonies, yet clonogenic endothelial colonies with proliferative potential were obtained, thus verifying their identity as ECFCs. The frequency of ECFCs were increased in cord blood and were extremely rare in the peripheral blood of healthy adults. We also detected another mature endothelial cell population in the circulation that was apoptotic. Finally, when comparing this new protocol with a prior method, we determined that the present protocol identifies circulating endothelial cells, whereas the earlier protocol identified extracellular vesicles. CONCLUSIONS Two populations of circulating endothelial cells, including the functionally characterized ECFC, are now identifiable in human cord blood and peripheral blood by PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Mund
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
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Kraan J, Sleijfer S, Foekens JA, Gratama JW. Clinical value of circulating endothelial cell detection in oncology. Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:710-7. [PMID: 22306349 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of tumor vasculature in tumor biology and as a target for treatment, there is an increasing need for biomarkers that reflect effects impacting tumor vasculature accurately. Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) increase in number as a result of vascular damage in cancer and several other diseases. CEC count constitutes a promising tool for monitoring disease activity with potential to assess prognosis and response to treatment. Here, we address the current state-of-the-art of CEC enumeration as a biomarker in clinical oncology. We focus on technical issues concerning CEC detection, review results from clinical studies and explore future potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaco Kraan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center - Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Jahangiri A, Aghi MK. Biomarkers predicting tumor response and evasion to anti-angiogenic therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1825:86-100. [PMID: 22067555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
No fully validated biological markers currently exist to predict responsiveness to or the development of evasion to anti-angiogenic therapy of cancer. The identification of such biomarkers is vital to move these therapies forward, as failure to respond to these treatments is often associated with rapid tumor progression that could have been averted had the intrinsic or acquired evasion to anti-angiogenic therapy been identified in a timely fashion. Furthermore, the high cost of antiangiogenic therapies makes it important to avoid utilizing them in the setting of lack of response or developing evasion, making the identification of biomarkers even more important. A number of potential physiologic, circulating, tissue, and imaging biomarkers have emerged from recently completed preclinical animal studies and clinical trials. In this review, we define 5 different types of biomarkers (physiologic, circulating, intratumoral, genetic polymorphisms, and radiographic); discuss the challenges in establishing biomarkers of antiangiogenic therapy in animal models and in clinical trials; and discuss future strategies to identify and validate biomarkers of anti-angiogenic therapy.
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A Quantitative Real-Time PCR Approach for the Detection and Characterization of Endothelial Cells in Whole Blood. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 39:2627-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Blann AD, Balakrishnan B, Shantsila E, Ryan P, Lip GYH. Endothelial progenitor cells and circulating endothelial cells in early prostate cancer: a comparison with plasma vascular markers. Prostate 2011; 71:1047-53. [PMID: 21557269 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Separate studies indicate that endothelial perturbation, as demonstrated by abnormal endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), circulating endothelial cells (CECs), and plasma markers such as von Willebrand factor (vWf) and soluble E selectin (sEsel) are present in cancer. However, there are no reports where these indices are compared. Accordingly, we hypothesized altered EPCs and CECs in prostate cancer that would correlate with vWf, sEsel, and prostate specific antigen (PSA). METHODS We recruited 29 men with biopsy proven prostate cancer, with 25 with benign prostate disease and 27 free of prostate disease. CECs were defined on flow cytometry as being CD34+, CD146+, CD45-, and CD309-, EPCs were similarly defined as being CD34+, CD309+,CD45-, and CD146-. vWf, sEsel, and PSA were measured by immunoassay. RESULTS Despite higher PSA, sE-sel, and vWf in prostate cancer (all P < 0.02), neither EPCs, CECs, nor their ratio, were significantly different. EPCs and CECs correlated significantly with each other in each group (r > 0.48, P < 0.01) but failed to correlate with any plasma marker. CONCLUSION Unlike plasma endothelial markers, CECs and EPCs may play little part in the pathophysiology of early prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Blann
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, UK.
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[Circulating endothelial cells, microparticles and progenitors: towards the definition of vascular competence]. Rev Med Interne 2010; 32:54-63. [PMID: 20541851 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2010.03.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to deleterious processes of metabolic, infectious, autoimmune or mechanical origin, alters the endothelium which progresses towards a proinflammatory and procoagulant activation, senescence and apoptosis. This "response to injury" of the endothelium plays a key role in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular disorders. In the last 10 years, identification in peripheral blood of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) and endothelial-derived microparticles (EMP) reflecting endothelium damage has led to the development of new noninvasive methods for endothelium exploration. Indeed, these biomarkers were associated with most of the cardiovascular risk factors, were correlated with established parameters of endothelial dysfunction, and were indicative of a poor clinical outcome. Moreover, they behave as biological vectors able to disseminate deleterious signals in the vascular compartment. More recently, this concept has been enlarged by the discovery of a potent repair mechanism based on the recruitment of the circulating endothelial progenitors cells (EPC) from the bone marrow, able to regenerate injured endothelial cells. Cardiovascular risk factors alter EPC number and function. Because the damage/repair balance plays a critical role in the endothelium homeostasis, CEC, EMP and EPC could be combined in an endothelium phenotype that defines the "vascular competence" of each individual. In the future, progress in standardization of available methodologies to measure these emerging biomarkers is a crucial step to establish their clinical interest for assessment of vascular risk and monitoring of vascular-directed therapeutics.
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Ronzoni M, Manzoni M, Mariucci S, Loupakis F, Brugnatelli S, Bencardino K, Rovati B, Tinelli C, Falcone A, Villa E, Danova M. Circulating endothelial cells and endothelial progenitors as predictive markers of clinical response to bevacizumab-based first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2010; 21:2382-2389. [PMID: 20497963 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the consistent clinical results demonstrated by studies on anti-angiogenic drugs targeted against the vascular endothelial growth factor in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients, no specific direct/indirect biomarker of their efficacy has been validated. In this field, circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (CEPs) have recently been proposed as noninvasive biomarkers. PATIENTS AND METHODS The absolute numbers of CEPs, total CECs (tCECs) and their resting (rCECs) and activated subsets were evaluated by multiparameter flow cytometry in 40 mCRC patients at baseline and before the administration of the third and sixth course of a bevacizumab-based first-line treatment. Fifty healthy subjects were utilized as control. RESULTS The overall response rate was 80%, overall clinical benefit was 90% and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 13.8 months. In our patients, tCECs and rCECs were significantly increased compared with healthy subjects. The patients who achieved a radiological response showed, at baseline, a significant decrease of rCECs and a trend in decrease of tCECs in comparison with patients not achieving response. Finally, a baseline absolute number of tCEC and rCEC <40 cells/ml was evidenced in patients with a longer PFS. No correlation was found regarding CEP. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests significant correlations between both tCEC and rCEC baseline levels and the antitumor efficacy of a bevacizumab-based combination therapy in mCRC patients, thus confirming that these biomarkers could be used in the clinical setting as an early predictor of tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ronzoni
- Medical Oncology, Scientific Institute S. Raffaele, Milano.
| | | | | | - F Loupakis
- Medical Oncology 2, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - K Bencardino
- Medical Oncology, Scientific Institute S. Raffaele, Milano
| | | | - C Tinelli
- Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia
| | - A Falcone
- Medical Oncology 2, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Villa
- Medical Oncology, Scientific Institute S. Raffaele, Milano
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van Ierssel SH, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Conraads VM, Van Tendeloo VF, Vrints CJ, Jorens PG, Hoymans VY. Flow cytometric detection of endothelial microparticles (EMP): Effects of centrifugation and storage alter with the phenotype studied. Thromb Res 2010; 125:332-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2009.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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MARIUCCI S, ROVATI B, BENCARDINO K, MANZONI M, DANOVA M. Flow cytometric detection of circulating endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells in healthy subjects. Int J Lab Hematol 2010; 32:e40-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2008.01105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wills TB, Heaney AM, Jane Wardrop K, Haldorson GJ. Immunomagnetic isolation of canine circulating endothelial and endothelial progenitor cells. Vet Clin Pathol 2009; 38:437-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Huang E, Lian X, Chen W, Yang T, Yang L. Characterization of rat hair follicle stem cells selected by vario magnetic activated cell sorting system. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2009; 42:129-36. [PMID: 19918321 PMCID: PMC2775103 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.09016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HfSCs) play crucial roles in hair follicle morphogenesis and hair cycling. These stem cells are self-renewable and have the multi-lineage potential to generate epidermis, sebaceous glands, and hair follicle. The separation and identification of hair follicle stem cells are important for further research in stem cell biology. In this study, we report on the successful enrichment of rat hair follicle stem cells through vario magnetic activated cell sorting (Vario MACS) and the biological characteristics of the stem cells. We chose the HfSCs positive surface markers CD34, α6-integrin and the negative marker CD71 to design four isolation strategies: positive selection with single marker of CD34, positive selection with single marker of α6-integrin, CD71 depletion followed by CD34 positive selection, and CD71 depletion followed by α6-integrin positive selection. The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that all four strategies had ideal effects. Specifically, we conducted a series of researches on HfSCs characterized by their high level of CD34, termed CD34bri cells, and low to undetectable expression of CD34, termed CD34dim cells. CD34bri cells had greater proliferative potential and higher colony-forming ability than CD34dim cells. Furthermore, CD34bri cells had some typical characteristics as progenitor cells, such as large nucleus, obvious nucleolus, large nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio and few cytoplasmic organelles. Our findings clearly demonstrated that HfSCs with high purity and viability could be successfully enriched with Vario MACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyi Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Chongqing University
| | - Xiaohua Lian
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Chongqing University
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