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Sim MMS, Shiferawe S, Wood JP. Novel strategies in antithrombotic therapy: targeting thrombosis while preserving hemostasis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1272971. [PMID: 37937289 PMCID: PMC10626538 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1272971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Antithrombotic therapy is a delicate balance between the benefits of preventing a thrombotic event and the risks of inducing a major bleed. Traditional approaches have included antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications, require careful dosing and monitoring, and all carry some risk of bleeding. In recent years, several new targets have been identified, both in the platelet and coagulation systems, which may mitigate this bleeding risk. In this review, we briefly describe the current state of antithrombotic therapy, and then present a detailed discussion of the new generation of drugs that are being developed to target more safely existing or newly identified pathways, alongside the strategies to reverse direct oral anticoagulants, showcasing the breadth of approaches. Combined, these exciting advances in antithrombotic therapy bring us closer than we have ever been to the "holy grail" of the field, a treatment that separates the hemostatic and thrombotic systems, preventing clots without any concurrent bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M. S. Sim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Semekidus Shiferawe
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jeremy P. Wood
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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2
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Larsen HJ, Byrne D, Özpolat T, Chauhan A, Bailey SL, Rhoads N, Reed F, Stolla MC, Adili R, Holinstat M, Fu X, Stolla M. Loss of 12-Lipoxygenase Improves the Post-Transfusion Function of Stored Platelets. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1990-2007. [PMID: 37650322 PMCID: PMC10538391 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets for transfusion are stored for 5 to 7 days. Previous studies have shown that HETE levels in the storage bag negatively correlate with platelet performance in vivo, suggesting that the dysregulation of bioactive lipid mediators may contribute to the storage lesion. In the current study, we sought to understand how genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of 12-LOX (12-lipoxygenase) affects platelets during storage and after transfusion. METHODS Platelets from 12-LOX+/+ (wild-type [WT]) and 12-LOX-/- mice were stored for 24 and 48 hours and profiled using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-multiple reaction monitoring or transfused into thrombocytopenic hIL4R (human interleukin 4 receptor)-transgenic mice. Platelet function was assessed by flow cytometry and in vivo thrombosis and hemostasis models. To test the role of the COX-1 (cyclooxygenase-1) pathway, donor mice were treated with acetylsalicylic acid. Human platelets were treated with the 12-LOX inhibitor, VLX-1005, or vehicle, stored, and transfused to NOD/SCID (nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency) mice. RESULTS Polyunsaturated fatty acids increased significantly in stored platelets from 12-LOX-/- mice, whereas oxylipin concentrations were significantly higher in WT platelets. After transfusion to thrombocytopenic mice, we observed significantly more baseline αIIbβ3 integrin activation in 12-LOX-/- platelets than in WT platelets. Stored platelets from 12-LOX-/- mice occluded vessels significantly faster than stored WT platelets. In hemostasis models, significantly more stored 12-LOX-/- than WT platelets accumulated at the site of venous injury leading to reduced blood loss. Inhibition of COX-1 abrogated both increased integrin activation and thromboxane generation in stored 12-LOX-/- platelets, highlighting the critical role of this pathway for improved post-transfusion function. Consistent with our mouse studies, human platelets stored with VLX-1005, showed increased integrin activation compared with vehicle-treated platelets after transfusion. CONCLUSIONS Deleting 12-LOX improves the post-transfusion function of stored murine platelets by increasing thromboxane generation through COX-1-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism. Future studies should determine the feasibility and safety of 12-LOX-inhibited platelets transfused to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daire Byrne
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | - Nicole Rhoads
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Franklin Reed
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Massiel C. Stolla
- University of Washington Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Seattle, WA
| | - Reheman Adili
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Xiaoyun Fu
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- University of Washington Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Seattle, WA
| | - Moritz Stolla
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- University of Washington Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Seattle, WA
- University of Washington Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA
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3
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Gawaz M, Geisler T, Borst O. Current concepts and novel targets for antiplatelet therapy. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:583-599. [PMID: 37016032 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelets have a crucial role in haemostasis and atherothrombosis. Pharmacological control of platelet hyper-reactivity has become a cornerstone in the prevention of thrombo-ischaemic complications in atherosclerotic diseases. Current antiplatelet therapies substantially improve clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease, but at the cost of increased risk of bleeding. Beyond their role in thrombosis, platelets are known to regulate inflammatory (thrombo-inflammatory) and microcirculatory pathways. Therefore, controlling platelet hyper-reactivity might have implications for both tissue inflammation (myocardial ischaemia) and vascular inflammation (vulnerable plaque formation) to prevent atherosclerosis. In this Review, we summarize the pathophysiological role of platelets in acute myocardial ischaemia, vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic progression. Furthermore, we highlight current clinical concepts of antiplatelet therapy that have contributed to improving patient care and have facilitated more individualized therapy. Finally, we discuss novel therapeutic targets and compounds for antiplatelet therapy that are currently in preclinical development, some of which have a more favourable safety profile than currently approved drugs with regard to bleeding risk. These novel antiplatelet targets might offer new strategies to treat cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Tobias Geisler
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Hébert MPA, Selka A, Lebel AA, Doiron JA, Isabel Chiasson A, Gauvin VL, Matthew AJ, Hébert MJG, Doucet MS, Joy AP, Barnett DA, Touaibia M, Surette ME, Boudreau LH. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester analogues as selective inhibitors of 12-lipoxygenase product biosynthesis in human platelets. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110419. [PMID: 37295028 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response is an essential process for the host defence against pathogens. Lipid mediators are important in coordinating the pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution phases of the inflammatory process. However, unregulated production of these mediators has been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, asthma, cardiovascular diseases, and several types of cancer. Therefore, it is not surprising that enzymes implicated in the production of these lipid mediators have been targeted for potential therapeutic approaches. Amongst these inflammatory molecules, the 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE) is abundantly produced in several diseases and is primarily biosynthesized via the platelet's 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) pathway. To this day, very few compounds selectively inhibit the 12-LO pathway, and most importantly, none are currently used in the clinical settings. In this study, we investigated a series of polyphenol analogues of natural polyphenols that inhibit the 12-LO pathway in human platelets without affecting other normal functions of the cell. Using an ex vivo approach, we found one compound that selectively inhibited the 12-LO pathway, with IC50 values as low as 0.11 µM, with minimal inhibition of other lipoxygenase or cyclooxygenase pathways. More importantly, our data show that none of the compounds tested induced significant off-target effects on either the platelet's activation or its viability. In the continuous search for specific and better inhibitors targeting the regulation of inflammation, we characterized two novel inhibitors of the 12-LO pathway that could be promising for subsequent in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu P A Hébert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Ayyoub Selka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Andréa A Lebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Jérémie A Doiron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Audrey Isabel Chiasson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Vanessa L Gauvin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Alexis J Matthew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Martin J G Hébert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Marco S Doucet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Andrew P Joy
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - David A Barnett
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Mohamed Touaibia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada.
| | - Marc E Surette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada.
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Lu LW, Quek SY, Lu SP, Chen JH. Potential Benefits of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (N3PUFAs) on Cardiovascular Health Associated with COVID-19: An Update for 2023. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050630. [PMID: 37233671 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulating literature demonstrates that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, N3PUFA) can be incorporated into the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes in the human body to positively affect the cardiovascular system, including improving epithelial function, decreasing coagulopathy, and attenuating uncontrolled inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Moreover, it has been proven that the N3PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are precursors of some potent endogenous bioactive lipid mediators that mediate some favorable effects attributed to their parent substances. A dose-response relationship between increased EPA and DHA intake and reduced thrombotic outcomes has been reported. The excellent safety profile of dietary N3PUFAs makes them a prospective adjuvant treatment for people exposed to a higher risk of cardiovascular problems associated with COVID-19. This review presented the potential mechanisms that might contribute to the beneficial effects of N3PUFA and the optimal form and dose applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Weiwei Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Siew-Young Quek
- Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence for Food Research, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - Shi-Ping Lu
- Pharma New Zealand PNZ Limited, Hamilton 3210, New Zealand
| | - Jie-Hua Chen
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Novel approaches to antiplatelet therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Wang T, Chen X, Li H, Chen W, Xu Y, Yao Y, Zhang H, Han Y, Zhang L, Que C, Gong J, Qiu X, Zhu T. Pro-thrombotic changes associated with exposure to ambient ultrafine particles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: roles of lipid peroxidation and systemic inflammation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:65. [PMID: 36280873 PMCID: PMC9590143 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to particulate matter air pollution is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the underlying mechanisms are not yet understood. Enhanced platelet and pro-thrombotic activity in COPD patients may explain their increased cardiovascular risk. We aim to explore whether short-term exposure to ambient particulate matter is associated with pro-thrombotic changes in adults with and without COPD, and investigate the underlying biological mechanisms in a longitudinal panel study. Serum concentration of thromboxane (Tx)B2 was measured to reflect platelet and pro-thrombotic activity. Lipoxygenase-mediated lipid peroxidation products (hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids [HETEs]) and inflammatory biomarkers (interleukins [ILs], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], tumour necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], and macrophage inflammatory proteins [MIPs]) were measured as potential mediating determinants of particle-associated pro-thrombotic changes. RESULTS 53 COPD and 82 non-COPD individuals were followed-up on a maximum of four visits conducted from August 2016 to September 2017 in Beijing, China. Compared to non-COPD individuals, the association between exposure to ambient ultrafine particles (UFPs) during the 3-8 days preceding clinical visits and the TxB2 serum concentration was significantly stronger in COPD patients. For example, a 103/cm3 increase in the 6-day average UFP level was associated with a 25.4% increase in the TxB2 level in the COPD group but only an 11.2% increase in the non-COPD group. The association in the COPD group remained robust after adjustment for the levels of fine particulate matter and gaseous pollutants. Compared to the non-COPD group, the COPD group also showed greater increases in the serum concentrations of 12-HETE (16.6% vs. 6.5%) and 15-HETE (9.3% vs. 4.5%) per 103/cm3 increase in the 6-day UFP average. The two lipid peroxidation products mediated 35% and 33% of the UFP-associated increase in the TxB2 level of COPD patients. UFP exposure was also associated with the increased levels of IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TNF-α, and IL-1β in COPD patients, but these inflammatory biomarkers did not mediate the TxB2 increase. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to ambient UFPs was associated with a greater pro-thrombotic change among patients with COPD, at least partially driven by lipoxygenase-mediated pathways following exposure. Trial registration ChiCTR1900023692 . Date of registration June 7, 2019, i.e. retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Human Settlement in Green Building (TCHS), Shenzhen Institute of Building Research Co., Ltd., Xiongan, China
| | - Haonan Li
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxiyue Zhang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqun Han
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lina Zhang
- Shi Cha Hai Community Health Service Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chengli Que
- Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Gong
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Role of Omega-6 Fatty Acid Metabolism in Cardiac Surgery Postoperative Bleeding Risk. Crit Care Explor 2022; 4:e0763. [PMID: 36248314 PMCID: PMC9555905 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac surgery is frequently associated with significant postoperative bleeding. Platelet-dysfunction is the main cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-induced hemostatic defect. Not only the number of platelets decreases, but also the remaining are functionally impaired. Although lipid metabolism is crucial for platelet function, little is known regarding platelet metabolic changes associated with CPB-dysfunction. Our aim is to explore possible contribution of metabolic perturbations for platelet dysfunction after cardiac surgery. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary academic cardiothoracic-surgery ICU. PATIENTS Thirty-three patients submitted to elective surgical aortic valve replacement. INTERVENTIONS Samples from patients were collected at three time points (preoperative, 6- and 24-hr postoperative). Untargeted metabolic analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was performed to compare patients with significant postoperative bleeding with patients without hemorrhage. Principal component analyses, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests, adjusted to FDR, and pairwise comparison were used to identify pathways of interest. Enrichment and pathway metabolomic complemented the analyses. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We identified a platelet-related signature based on an overrepresentation of changes in known fatty acid metabolism pathways involved in platelet function. We observed that arachidonic acid (AA) levels and other metabolites from the pathway were reduced at 6 and 24 hours, independently from antiagreggation therapy and platelet count. Concentrations of preoperative AA were inversely correlated with postoperative chest tube blood loss but were not correlated with platelet count in the preoperative, at 6 or at 24 hours. Patients with significant postoperative blood-loss had considerably lower values of AA and higher transfusion rates. Values of postoperative interleukin-6 were strongly correlated with AA variability. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our observations suggest that an inflammatory-related perturbation of AA metabolism is a signature of cardiac surgery with CPB and that preoperative levels of AA may be more relevant than platelet count to anticipate and prevent postoperative blood loss in patients submitted to cardiac surgery with CPB.
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Contursi A, Tacconelli S, Hofling U, Bruno A, Dovizio M, Ballerini P, Patrignani P. Biology and pharmacology of platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase in platelets, cancer cells, and their crosstalk. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115252. [PMID: 36130648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-type lipoxygenase (pl12-LOX), encoded by ALOX12, catalyzes the production of the lipid mediator 12S-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid (12S-HpETE), which is quickly reduced by cellular peroxidases to form 12(S)-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE). Platelets express high levels of pl12-LOX and generate considerable amounts of 12S-HETE from arachidonic acid (AA; C20:4, n-6). The development of sensitive chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods has allowed the accurate quantification of 12S-HETE in biological samples. Moreover, advances in the knowledge of the mechanism of action of 12S-HETE have been achieved. The orphan G-protein-coupled receptor 31 (GPR31) has been identified as the high-affinity 12S-HETE receptor. Moreover, upon platelet activation, 12S-HETE is produced, and significant amounts are found esterified to membrane phospholipids (PLs), such as phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), promoting thrombin generation. Platelets play many roles in cancer metastasis. Among them, the platelets' ability to interact with cancer cells and transfer platelet molecules by the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is noteworthy. Recently, it was found that platelets induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) in cancer cells, a phenomenon known to confer high-grade malignancy, through the transfer of pl12-LOX contained in platelet-derived EVs. These cancer cells now generate 12-HETE, considered a key modulator of cancer metastasis. Interestingly, 12-HETE was mainly found esterified in plasmalogen phospholipids of cancer cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the regulation and functions of pl12-LOX in platelets and cancer cells and their crosstalk.Novel approaches to preventing cancer and metastasis by the pharmacological inhibition of pl12-LOX and the internalization of mEVs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Contursi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Tacconelli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ulrika Hofling
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Melania Dovizio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
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Manke MC, Ahrends R, Borst O. Platelet lipid metabolism in vascular thrombo-inflammation. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Lin YT, Li Y, Hsu HC, Tsai JY, Lee JH, Tai CJ, Wu MJ, Wu CC. Discovery of 7, 4'-dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone as a protease-activated receptor 4 antagonist with antithrombotic activity and less bleeding tendency in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115152. [PMID: 35752281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence of the importance of protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4), one of thrombin receptors, as a therapeutic target in thrombotic cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we utilized ligand-based virtual screening, bioassay, and structure-activity relationship study to discover PAR4 antagonists with new chemical scaffolds from natural origin, and examined their application as antiplatelet agents. By using these approaches, we have identified a flavonoid, 7, 4'-dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone, that exhibits anti-PAR4 activity. 7, 4'-Dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone inhibited PAR4-mediated human platelet aggregation, GPIIb/IIIa activation, and P-selectin secretion. Also, it inhibited PAR4 downstream signaling pathways, including Ca2+/protein kinase C, Akt, and MAP kinases ERK and p38, in human platelets, and suppressed PAR4-mediated β-arrestin recruitment in CHO-K1 cells exogenously expressed human PAR4. In a microfluidic system, 7, 4'-dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone reduced thrombus formation on collagen-coated chambers at an arterial shear rate in recalcified whole blood. Furthermore, mice treated with 7, 4'-dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone were significantly protected from FeCl3-induced carotid arterial occlusions, without significantly affecting tail bleeding time. In conclusion, 7, 4'-dimethoxy-3-hydroxyflavone represents a new class of nature-based PAR4 antagonist, it shows effective in vivo antithrombotic properties with less bleeding tendency, and could be a potential candidate for developing new antiplatelet agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ting Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu Li
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Ying Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hau Lee
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jung Tai
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jung Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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12
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Shpakova V, Rukoyatkina N, Al Arawe N, Prilepskaya A, Kharazova A, Sharina I, Gambaryan S, Martin E. ML355 Modulates Platelet Activation and Prevents ABT-737 Induced Apoptosis in Platelets. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 381:164-175. [PMID: 35197320 PMCID: PMC9073945 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
12-lipoxigenase (12-LOX) is implicated in regulation of platelet activation processes and can be a new promising target for antiplatelet therapy. However, investigations of 12-LOX were restricted by the lack of specific and potent 12-LOX inhibitors and by controversial data concerning the role of 12-LOX metabolites in platelet functions. A novel specific 12-LOX inhibitor ML355 was shown to inhibit platelet aggregation without adverse side effects on hemostasis; however, the molecular mechanisms of its action on platelets are poorly understood. Here, we showed that ML355 inhibited platelet activation induced by thrombin or thromboxane A2, but not by collagen-related peptide. ML355 blocked protein kinase B, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, but not p38 kinase, spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), or phospholipase Cγ2 phosphorylation in activated platelets. The main inhibitory effect of low doses of ML355 (1-20 μM) on thrombin activated platelets was mediated by the decrease in reactive oxygen species level, whereas high doses of ML355 (50 μM) caused cyclic adenosine monophosphate activation. ML355 did not affect the activity of nitric oxide-dependent soluble guanylyl cyclase, nor did it affect the relaxation of preconstricted aortic rings in mice. ML355 itself did not affect platelet viability, but at 50 μM dose blocked caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by B-cell lymphoma II inhibitor ABT-737. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The current paper provides novel and original data concerning molecular mechanisms of 12-LOX inhibitor ML355 action on platelets. These data reveal antiplatelet and protective effects of ML355 on platelets and may be of importance for both antiplatelet and anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Shpakova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia (V.S., N.R., S.G.); Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia (N.A.A., A.P., A.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas (I.S., E.M.)
| | - Natalia Rukoyatkina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia (V.S., N.R., S.G.); Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia (N.A.A., A.P., A.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas (I.S., E.M.)
| | - Nada Al Arawe
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia (V.S., N.R., S.G.); Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia (N.A.A., A.P., A.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas (I.S., E.M.)
| | - Anna Prilepskaya
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia (V.S., N.R., S.G.); Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia (N.A.A., A.P., A.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas (I.S., E.M.)
| | - Alexandra Kharazova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia (V.S., N.R., S.G.); Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia (N.A.A., A.P., A.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas (I.S., E.M.)
| | - Iraida Sharina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia (V.S., N.R., S.G.); Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia (N.A.A., A.P., A.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas (I.S., E.M.)
| | - Stepan Gambaryan
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia (V.S., N.R., S.G.); Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia (N.A.A., A.P., A.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas (I.S., E.M.)
| | - Emil Martin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia (V.S., N.R., S.G.); Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia (N.A.A., A.P., A.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas (I.S., E.M.)
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13
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Turnbull RE, Sander KN, Turnbull J, Barrett DA, Goodall AH. Profiling oxylipins released from human platelets activated through the GPVI collagen receptor. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 158:106607. [PMID: 34942378 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In addition to haemostasis, platelets are involved in pathological processes, often driven by material released upon activation. Interaction between collagen and glycoprotein VI (GPVI) is a primary platelet stimulus that liberates arachidonic acid and linoleic acid from membrane phospholipids. These are oxidised by cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) to eicosanoids and other oxylipins with various biological properties. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry we found that GPVI-stimulated platelets released significant levels of ten oxylipins; the well documented TxA2 and 12-HETE, PGD2 and PGE2, as well as 8-, 9-, 11-, and 15-HETE, 9- and 13-HODE.1 Levels of oxylipins released from washed platelets mirrored those from platelets stimulated in the presence of plasma, indicating generation from intracellular, rather than exogenous AA/LA. Inhibition of COX-1 with aspirin, as expected, completely abolished production of TxA2 and PGD/E2, but also significantly inhibited the release of 11-HETE (89 ± 3%) and 9-HODE (74 ± 6%), and reduced 15-HETE and 13-HODE by ∼33 %. Inhibition of 12-LOX by either esculetin or ML355 inhibited the release of all oxylipins apart from 15-HETE. These findings suggest routes to modify the production of bioactive molecules released by activated platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Turnbull
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Katrin N Sander
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James Turnbull
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David A Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alison H Goodall
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
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14
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Tsai WC, Aleem AM, Tena J, Rivera-Velazquez M, Brah HS, Tripathi S, D'silva M, Nadler JL, Kalyanaraman C, Jacobson MP, Holman T. Docking and mutagenesis studies lead to improved inhibitor development of ML355 for human platelet 12-lipoxygenase. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 46:116347. [PMID: 34507163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human platelet 12-(S)-Lipoxygenase (12-LOX) is a fatty acid metabolizing oxygenase that plays an important role in platelet activation and cardiometabolic disease. ML355 is a specific 12-LOX inhibitor that has been shown to decrease thrombosis without prolonging hemostasis and protect human pancreatic islets from inflammatory injury. It has an amenable drug-like scaffold with nM potency and encouraging ADME and PK profiles, but its binding mode to the active site of 12-LOX remains unclear. In the current work, we combined computational modeling and experimental mutagenesis to propose a model in which ML355 conforms to the "U" shape of the 12-LOX active site, with the phenyl linker region wrapping around L407. The benzothiazole of ML355 extends into the bottom of the active site cavity, pointing towards residues A417 and V418. However, reducing the active site depth alone did not affect ML355 potency. In order to lower the potency of ML355, the cavity needed to be reduced in both length and width. In addition, H596 appears to position ML355 in the active site through an interaction with the 2-methoxy phenol moiety of ML355. Combined, this binding model suggested that the benzothiazole of ML355 could be enlarged. Therefore, a naphthyl-benzothiazole derivative of ML355, Lox12Slug001, was synthesized and shown to have 7.2-fold greater potency than ML355. This greater potency is proposed to be due to additional van der Waals interactions and pi-pi stacking with F414 and F352. Lox12Slug001 was also shown to be highly selective against 12-LOX relative to the other LOX isozymes and more importantly, it showed activity in rescuing human islets exposed to inflammatory cytokines with comparable potency to ML355. Further studies are currently being pursued to derivatize ML355 in order to optimize the additional space in the active site, while maintaining acceptable drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Ansari M Aleem
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Jennyfer Tena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Mirella Rivera-Velazquez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Harman Singh Brah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Sarvind Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Melinee D'silva
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
| | - Jerry L Nadler
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Theodore Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States.
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15
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Contursi A, Schiavone S, Dovizio M, Hinz C, Fullone R, Tacconelli S, Tyrrell VJ, Grande R, Lanuti P, Marchisio M, Zucchelli M, Ballerini P, Lanas A, O'Donnell VB, Patrignani P. Platelets induce free and phospholipid-esterified 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid generation in colon cancer cells by delivering 12-lipoxygenase. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100109. [PMID: 34428433 PMCID: PMC8456051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets promote tumor metastasis by inducing promalignant phenotypes in cancer cells and directly contributing to cancer-related thrombotic complications. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells, which confers high-grade malignancy. 12S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) generated by platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) is considered a key modulator of cancer metastasis through unknown mechanisms. In platelets, 12-HETE can be esterified into plasma membrane phospholipids (PLs), which drive thrombosis. Using cocultures of human platelets and human colon adenocarcinoma cells (line HT29) and LC-MS/MS, we investigated the impact of platelets on cancer cell biosynthesis of 12S-HETE and its esterification into PLs and whether platelet ability to transfer its molecular cargo might play a role. To this aim, we performed coculture experiments with CFSE[5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester]-loaded platelets. HT29 cells did not generate 12S-HETE or express 12-LOX. However, they acquired the capacity to produce 12S-HETE mainly esterified in plasmalogen phospholipid forms following the uptake of platelet-derived medium-sized EVs (mEVs) expressing 12-LOX. 12-LOX was detected in plasma mEV of patients with adenomas/adenocarcinomas, implying their potential to deliver the protein to cancer cells in vivo. In cancer cells exposed to platelets, endogenous but not exogenous 12S-HETE contributed to changes in EMT gene expression, mitigated by three structurally unrelated 12-LOX inhibitors. In conclusion, we showed that platelets induce the generation of primarily esterified 12-HETE in colon cancer cells following mEV-mediated delivery of 12-LOX. The modification of cancer cell phospholipids by 12-HETE may functionally impact cancer cell biology and represent a novel target for anticancer agent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Contursi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Schiavone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Melania Dovizio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Christine Hinz
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Fullone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Tacconelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Victoria J Tyrrell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalia Grande
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirco Zucchelli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angel Lanas
- University Hospital LB, Aragon Health Research Institute (IISAragon), CIBERehd, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
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16
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17
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Manke MC, Geue S, Coman C, Peng B, Kollotzek F, Münzer P, Walker B, Huber SM, Rath D, Sickmann A, Stegner D, Duerschmied D, Lang F, Nieswandt B, Gawaz M, Ahrends R, Borst O. ANXA7 Regulates Platelet Lipid Metabolism and Ca 2+ Release in Arterial Thrombosis. Circ Res 2021; 129:494-507. [PMID: 34176316 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailin-Christin Manke
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (M.-C.M., S.G., F.K., P.M., B.W., D.R., M.G., O.B.), University of Tübingen, Germany.,DFG Heisenberg Group Thrombocardiology (M.-C.M., F.K., P.M., O.B.)
| | - Sascha Geue
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (M.-C.M., S.G., F.K., P.M., B.W., D.R., M.G., O.B.), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cristina Coman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria (C.C., R.A.)
| | - Bing Peng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (B.P.).,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS, Dortmund, Germany (B.P., A.S., R.A.)
| | - Ferdinand Kollotzek
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (M.-C.M., S.G., F.K., P.M., B.W., D.R., M.G., O.B.), University of Tübingen, Germany.,DFG Heisenberg Group Thrombocardiology (M.-C.M., F.K., P.M., O.B.)
| | - Patrick Münzer
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (M.-C.M., S.G., F.K., P.M., B.W., D.R., M.G., O.B.), University of Tübingen, Germany.,DFG Heisenberg Group Thrombocardiology (M.-C.M., F.K., P.M., O.B.)
| | - Britta Walker
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (M.-C.M., S.G., F.K., P.M., B.W., D.R., M.G., O.B.), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan M Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology (S.M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Rath
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (M.-C.M., S.G., F.K., P.M., B.W., D.R., M.G., O.B.), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS, Dortmund, Germany (B.P., A.S., R.A.)
| | - David Stegner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Germany (D.S., B.N.)
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (D.D.)
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology (F.L.), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Germany (D.S., B.N.)
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (M.-C.M., S.G., F.K., P.M., B.W., D.R., M.G., O.B.), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria (C.C., R.A.).,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS, Dortmund, Germany (B.P., A.S., R.A.)
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (M.-C.M., S.G., F.K., P.M., B.W., D.R., M.G., O.B.), University of Tübingen, Germany.,DFG Heisenberg Group Thrombocardiology (M.-C.M., F.K., P.M., O.B.)
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18
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Magruder M, Rodeo SA. Is Antiplatelet Therapy Contraindicated After Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment? A Narrative Review. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211010510. [PMID: 34179207 PMCID: PMC8202276 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211010510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antiplatelet therapies are often withheld before and after platelet-rich plasma product (PRPP) administration due to theoretical concerns that therapies that inhibit the function of platelets would inhibit the effects of PRPP. Purpose/Hypothesis The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect that antiplatelet therapies have on the ability of PRPP to stimulate wound healing and tissue regeneration. Our hypothesis was that antiplatelet therapies would have highly heterogeneous effects on the biological activity of PRPP. Study Design Narrative review. Methods The Medline database was searched via PubMed to identify all studies related to PRPP and antiplatelet therapies, yielding 1417 publications. After the search was confined to articles published after 1995, there were 901 articles remaining. All abstracts were then screened to identify animal or human clinical studies that focused on growth factor or inflammatory cytokine production or treatment outcomes. We limited our analysis to studies reporting on orthopaedic pathologies and in vitro studies of antiplatelet therapies. Ultimately, 12 articles fit the search criteria. Results The majority of studies reported on the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as antiplatelet therapy. The majority of studies were in vitro analyses of growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, or cell viability, whereas 1 study examined clinical outcomes in an animal model. None of the studies investigated clinical outcomes in humans. All of the studies showed no effect or mixed effects of antiplatelet therapies on PRPP efficacy. One study showed PRPP recovery to baseline function after a 1-week washout period. Conclusion The literature did not provide support for the common clinical practice of withholding antiplatelet therapies in patients being treated with PRPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Magruder
- Area of Concentration Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.,Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott A Rodeo
- Area of Concentration Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.,Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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19
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Mitsui T, Makino S, Tamiya G, Sato H, Kawakami Y, Takahashi Y, Meguro T, Izumino H, Sudo Y, Norota I, Ishii K, Hayasaka K. ALOX12 mutation in a family with dominantly inherited bleeding diathesis. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:753-759. [PMID: 33564083 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-00887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The arachidonic acid (AA) cascade plays a significant role in platelet aggregation. AA released from membrane phospholipids is metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway to thromboxane A2 (TXA2) or by 12S-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) to 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HPETE). In contrast to a well-known role of the COX pathway in platelet aggregation, the role of ALOX12 is not well understood. Platelets of ALOX12-deficient mice exhibit increased sensitivity for ADP-induced aggregation. However, recent evidence strongly suggests a significant role of ALOX12 in platelet aggregation and calcium signaling. 12-HPETE potentiates thrombin- and thromboxane-induced platelet aggregation, and calcium signaling. Inhibition experiments of ALOX12 demonstrated decreased platelet aggregation and calcium signaling in stimulated platelets. We studied a family with a dominantly inherited bleeding diathesis using next-generation sequencing analysis. Platelet aggregation studies revealed that the proband's platelets had defective aggregation responses to ADP, TXA2 mimetic U46619, collagen, and AA, normal affinity of TXA2 receptor for U46619, and normal induction of GTPase activity upon stimulation with U46619. However, the production of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) was only increased up to 30% of the control upon U46619 stimulation, suggesting a defect in phospholipase C-β2 (PLCB2) activation downstream from TXA2 receptors. Affected family members had no mutation of PLCB2, but had a heterozygous c.1946A > G (p.Tyr649Cys) mutation of ALOX12. ALOX12 activity in platelets from the affected members was decreased to 25-35% of the control. Our data strongly suggested that a heterozygous c.1946A > G ALOX12 mutation was a disease-causing mutation; however, further experiments are required to confirm the pathogenesis of ALOX12 mutation in platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Mitsui
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Makino
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. .,Statistical Genetics Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawakami
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takahashi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toru Meguro
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroko Izumino
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Ikuo Norota
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Ishii
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hayasaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Miyukikai Hospital, Social Medical Corporation Miyuki, Kaminoyama, Japan.
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20
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Van Doren L, Nguyen N, Garzia C, Fletcher EK, Stevenson R, Jaramillo D, Kuliopulos A, Covic L. Lipid Receptor GPR31 (G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 31) Regulates Platelet Reactivity and Thrombosis Without Affecting Hemostasis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e33-e45. [PMID: 33267659 PMCID: PMC8108540 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 12-LOX (12-lipoxygenase) produces a number of bioactive lipids including 12(S)-HETE that are involved in inflammation and platelet reactivity. The GPR31 (G-protein-coupled receptor 31) is the proposed receptor of 12(S)-HETE; however, it is not known whether the 12(S)-HETE-GPR31 signaling axis serves to enhance or inhibit platelet activity. Approach and Results: Using pepducin technology and biochemical approaches, we provide evidence that 12(S)-HETE-GPR31 signals through Gi to enhance PAR (protease-activated receptor)-4-mediated platelet activation and arterial thrombosis using both human platelets and mouse carotid artery injury models. 12(S)-HETE suppressed AC (adenylyl cyclase) activity through GPR31 and resulted in Rap1 (Ras-related protein 1) and p38 activation and low but detectable calcium flux but did not induce platelet aggregation. A GPR31 third intracellular (i3) loop-derived pepducin, GPR310 (G-protein-coupled receptor 310), significantly inhibited platelet aggregation in response to thrombin, collagen, and PAR4 agonist, AYPGKF, in human and mouse platelets but relative sparing of PAR1 agonist SFLLRN in human platelets. GPR310 treatment gave a highly significant 80% protection (P=0.0018) against ferric chloride-induced carotid artery injury in mice by extending occlusion time, without any effect on tail bleeding. PAR4-mediated dense granule secretion and calcium flux were both attenuated by GPR310. Consistent with these results, GPR310 inhibited 12(S)-HETE-mediated and PAR4-mediated Rap1-GTP and RASA3 translocation to the plasma membrane and attenuated PAR4-Akt and ERK activation. GPR310 caused a right shift in thrombin-mediated human platelet aggregation, comparable to the effects of inhibition of the Gi-coupled P2Y12 receptor. Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed that GPR31 and PAR4 form a heterodimeric complex in recombinant systems. CONCLUSIONS The 12-LOX product 12(S)-HETE stimulates GPR31-Gi-signaling pathways, which enhance thrombin-PAR4 platelet activation and arterial thrombosis in human platelets and mouse models. Suppression of this bioactive lipid pathway, as exemplified by a GPR31 pepducin antagonist, may provide beneficial protective effects against platelet aggregation and arterial thrombosis with minimal effect on hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Van Doren
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.V.D., N.N., C.G., E.K.F., R.S., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Nga Nguyen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.V.D., N.N., C.G., E.K.F., R.S., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Christopher Garzia
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.V.D., N.N., C.G., E.K.F., R.S., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Elizabeth K Fletcher
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.V.D., N.N., C.G., E.K.F., R.S., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Ryan Stevenson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.V.D., N.N., C.G., E.K.F., R.S., L.C., A.K.)
| | | | - Athan Kuliopulos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.V.D., N.N., C.G., E.K.F., R.S., L.C., A.K.)
- Departments of Medicine (L.C., A.K.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Biochemistry (L.C., A.K.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Lidija Covic
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (L.V.D., N.N., C.G., E.K.F., R.S., L.C., A.K.)
- Departments of Medicine (L.C., A.K.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Biochemistry (L.C., A.K.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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21
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Therapeutic strategies for thrombosis: new targets and approaches. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:333-352. [PMID: 32132678 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants are a mainstay for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. However, despite advances in antithrombotic therapy, a fundamental challenge is the side effect of bleeding. Improved understanding of the mechanisms of haemostasis and thrombosis has revealed new targets for attenuating thrombosis with the potential for less bleeding, including glycoprotein VI on platelets and factor XIa of the coagulation system. The efficacy and safety of new agents are currently being evaluated in phase III trials. This Review provides an overview of haemostasis and thrombosis, details the current landscape of antithrombotic agents, addresses challenges with preventing thromboembolic events in patients at high risk and describes the emerging therapeutic strategies that may break the inexorable link between antithrombotic therapy and bleeding risk.
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22
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Tscharre M, Michelson AD, Gremmel T. Novel Antiplatelet Agents in Cardiovascular Disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2020; 25:191-200. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248419899314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antiplatelet therapy reduces atherothrombotic risk and has therefore become a cornerstone in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Aspirin, adenosine diphosphate P2Y12 receptor antagonists, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, and the thrombin receptor blocker vorapaxar are effective antiplatelet agents but significantly increase the risk of bleeding. Moreover, atherothrombotic events still impair the prognosis of many patients with cardiovascular disease despite established antiplatelet therapy. Over the last years, advances in the understanding of thrombus formation and hemostasis led to the discovery of various new receptors and signaling pathways of platelet activation. As a consequence, many new antiplatelet agents with high antithrombotic efficacy and supposedly only moderate effects on regular hemostasis have been developed and yielded promising results in preclinical and early clinical studies. Although their long journey from animal studies to randomized clinical trials and finally administration in daily clinical routine has just begun, some of the new agents may in the future become meaningful additions to the pharmacological armamentarium in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Tscharre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Nephrology, Landesklinikum Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Cardiac Electrophysiology, Karl Landsteiner Society, St Poelten, Austria
| | - Alan D. Michelson
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Gremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Nephrology, Landesklinikum Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Cardiac Electrophysiology, Karl Landsteiner Society, St Poelten, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Grover SP, Bergmeier W, Mackman N. Platelet Signaling Pathways and New Inhibitors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:e28-e35. [PMID: 29563117 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Grover
- From the Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine (S.P.G., N.M.) and McAllister Heart Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (W.B.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- From the Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine (S.P.G., N.M.) and McAllister Heart Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (W.B.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Nigel Mackman
- From the Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine (S.P.G., N.M.) and McAllister Heart Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (W.B.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
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24
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Singh NK, Rao GN. Emerging role of 12/15-Lipoxygenase (ALOX15) in human pathologies. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 73:28-45. [PMID: 30472260 PMCID: PMC6338518 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) is an enzyme, which oxidizes polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly omega-6 and -3 fatty acids, to generate a number of bioactive lipid metabolites. A large number of studies have revealed the importance of 12/15-LOX role in oxidative and inflammatory responses. The in vitro studies have demonstrated the ability of 12/15-LOX metabolites in the expression of various genes and production of cytokine related to inflammation and resolution of inflammation. The studies with the use of knockout and transgenic animals for 12/15-LOX have further shown its involvement in the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases, including cardiovascular, renal, neurological and metabolic disorders. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of 12/15-LOX in inflammation and various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhlesh K Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Street Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Gadiparthi N Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Street Memphis, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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25
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Adili R, Hawley M, Holinstat M. Regulation of platelet function and thrombosis by omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 139:10-18. [PMID: 30266534 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis is the most common underlying pathology responsible for morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation play central roles in hemostasis; however, the same process may also cause thrombosis and vessel occlusion at the site of ruptured atherosclerotic lesions leading to heart attack and stroke. ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are an essential component of the platelet phospholipid membrane and play a major role in many aspects of platelet function. Dietary supplementation of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs has long been used to slow the progression of CVD and to prevent acute cardiovascular events. Despite this, the role of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs and their oxylipin metabolites in platelet function remains controversial due to the lack in our understanding of the mechanistic regulation controlling platelet reactivity in vitro and substantial evidence for PUFA regulation of thrombotic events in vivo. In this review, we will outline the role of platelet physiology in hemostasis and the effect of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs on platelet function, with special emphasis on in vivo effects on hemostasis and thrombosis due to the role of PUFAs and their bioactive lipids in circulation. Further, recent mechanistic insights and evidence for cardio-protective effects of PUFAs and their bioactive lipids will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reheman Adili
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Megan Hawley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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26
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Sowton AP, Millington-Burgess SL, Murray AJ, Harper MT. Rapid kinetics of changes in oxygen consumption rate in thrombin-stimulated platelets measured by high-resolution respirometry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2721-2727. [PMID: 30093113 PMCID: PMC6142173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Platelet activation plays a key role in normal haemostasis and pathological thrombosis. Platelet activation is rapid; within minutes of stimulation, platelets generate bioactive phospholipids, secrete their granule contents, activate integrins and aggregate together to form a haemostatic plug. These events are dependent on ATP synthesis. Mitochondrial function in platelets from healthy volunteers and patients with a range of diseases indicate an important role for oxygen consumption in oxidative phosphorylation in normal and pathological function. Platelets also consume oxygen during oxidation reactions, such as cyclooxygenase-dependent thromboxane A2 synthesis. In this study, we used high-resolution respirometry to investigate rapid changes in oxygen consumption during platelet activation. We demonstrated a rapid, transient increase in oxygen consumption rate within minutes of platelet stimulation by the physiological activator, thrombin. This was partly inhibited by aspirin and by oligomycin. This shows that high resolution respirometry can provide information regarding rapid and dynamic changes in oxygen consumption during platelet activation. High resolution respirometry can be used to investigate the rapid kinetics of changes in platelet oxygen consumption rate. Thrombin triggers a rapid, transient increase in platelet oxygen consumption rate. Aspirin and oligomycin partially inhibit the increased oxygen consumption rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice P Sowton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
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27
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Gremmel T, Michelson AD, Frelinger AL, Bhatt DL. Novel aspects of antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular disease. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2018; 2:439-449. [PMID: 30046748 PMCID: PMC6046593 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiplatelet therapy is a cornerstone in the secondary prophylaxis of adverse cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor aspirin remains the most frequently prescribed antiplatelet drug, followed by adenosine diphosphate P2Y12 receptor blockers. Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa antagonists are intravenously available antiplatelet agents preventing platelet-to-platelet aggregation via the fibrinogen receptor. The thrombin receptor inhibitor vorapaxar allows the targeting of yet a third pathway of platelet activation. Despite the advent of novel agents and major advances in antiplatelet treatment over the last decade, atherothrombotic events still impair the prognosis of many patients with cardiovascular disease. Consequently, antiplatelet therapy remains a field of intense research and a large number of studies on its various aspects are published each year. This review article summarizes recent developments in antiplatelet therapy in cardiovascular disease focusing particularly on the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy, new treatment regimens, the role of platelet function testing, and potential future targets of antiplatelet agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine IIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology and NephrologyLandesklinikum Wiener NeustadtWiener NeustadtAustria
| | - Alan D. Michelson
- Center for Platelet Research StudiesDana‐Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Andrew L. Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research StudiesDana‐Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Deepak L. Bhatt
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Heart & Vascular CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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28
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Lauder SN, Allen-Redpath K, Slatter DA, Aldrovandi M, O'Connor A, Farewell D, Percy CL, Molhoek JE, Rannikko S, Tyrrell VJ, Ferla S, Milne GL, Poole AW, Thomas CP, Obaji S, Taylor PR, Jones SA, de Groot PG, Urbanus RT, Hörkkö S, Uderhardt S, Ackermann J, Vince Jenkins P, Brancale A, Krönke G, Collins PW, O'Donnell VB. Networks of enzymatically oxidized membrane lipids support calcium-dependent coagulation factor binding to maintain hemostasis. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/507/eaan2787. [PMID: 29184033 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Blood coagulation functions as part of the innate immune system by preventing bacterial invasion, and it is critical to stopping blood loss (hemostasis). Coagulation involves the external membrane surface of activated platelets and leukocytes. Using lipidomic, genetic, biochemical, and mathematical modeling approaches, we found that enzymatically oxidized phospholipids (eoxPLs) generated by the activity of leukocyte or platelet lipoxygenases (LOXs) were required for normal hemostasis and promoted coagulation factor activities in a Ca2+- and phosphatidylserine (PS)-dependent manner. In wild-type mice, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid-phospholipids (HETE-PLs) enhanced coagulation and restored normal hemostasis in clotting-deficient animals genetically lacking p12-LOX or 12/15-LOX activity. Murine platelets generated 22 eoxPL species, all of which were missing in the absence of p12-LOX. Humans with the thrombotic disorder antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) had statistically significantly increased HETE-PLs in platelets and leukocytes, as well as greater HETE-PL immunoreactivity, than healthy controls. HETE-PLs enhanced membrane binding of the serum protein β2GP1 (β2-glycoprotein 1), an event considered central to the autoimmune reactivity responsible for APS symptoms. Correlation network analysis of 47 platelet eoxPL species in platelets from APS and control subjects identified their enzymatic origin and revealed a complex network of regulation, with the abundance of 31 p12-LOX-derived eoxPL molecules substantially increased in APS. In summary, circulating blood cells generate networks of eoxPL molecules, including HETE-PLs, which change membrane properties to enhance blood coagulation and contribute to the excessive clotting and immunoreactivity of patients with APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Lauder
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Keith Allen-Redpath
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - David A Slatter
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Maceler Aldrovandi
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Anne O'Connor
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Daniel Farewell
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Charles L Percy
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jessica E Molhoek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University of Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - Sirpa Rannikko
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, Finland and Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Victoria J Tyrrell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Salvatore Ferla
- Welsh School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Alastair W Poole
- School of Physiology, Pharmacy and Neuroscience, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Christopher P Thomas
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Welsh School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Samya Obaji
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Simon A Jones
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Phillip G de Groot
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University of Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - Rolf T Urbanus
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University of Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, Netherlands
| | - Sohvi Hörkkö
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, Finland and Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Stefan Uderhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Ackermann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Vince Jenkins
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrea Brancale
- Welsh School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter W Collins
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. .,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. .,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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29
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Adili R, Tourdot BE, Mast K, Yeung J, Freedman JC, Green A, Luci DK, Jadhav A, Simeonov A, Maloney DJ, Holman TR, Holinstat M. First Selective 12-LOX Inhibitor, ML355, Impairs Thrombus Formation and Vessel Occlusion In Vivo With Minimal Effects on Hemostasis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1828-1839. [PMID: 28775075 PMCID: PMC5620123 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adequate platelet reactivity is required for maintaining hemostasis. However, excessive platelet reactivity can also lead to the formation of occlusive thrombi. Platelet 12(S)-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), an oxygenase highly expressed in the platelet, has been demonstrated to regulate platelet function and thrombosis ex vivo, supporting a key role for 12-LOX in the regulation of in vivo thrombosis. However, the ability to pharmacologically target 12-LOX in vivo has not been established to date. Here, we studied the effect of the first highly selective 12-LOX inhibitor, ML355, on in vivo thrombosis and hemostasis. APPROACH AND RESULTS ML355 dose-dependently inhibited human platelet aggregation and 12-LOX oxylipin production, as confirmed by mass spectrometry. Interestingly, the antiplatelet effects of ML355 were reversed after exposure to high concentrations of thrombin in vitro. Ex vivo flow chamber assays confirmed that human platelet adhesion and thrombus formation at arterial shear over collagen were attenuated in whole blood treated with ML355 comparable to aspirin. Oral administration of ML355 in mice showed reasonable plasma drug levels by pharmacokinetic assessment. ML355 treatment impaired thrombus growth and vessel occlusion in FeCl3-induced mesenteric and laser-induced cremaster arteriole thrombosis models in mice. Importantly, hemostatic plug formation and bleeding after treatment with ML355 was minimal in mice in response to laser ablation on the saphenous vein or in a cremaster microvasculature laser-induced rupture model. CONCLUSIONS Our data strongly support 12-LOX as a key determinant of platelet reactivity in vivo, and inhibition of platelet 12-LOX with ML355 may represent a new class of antiplatelet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reheman Adili
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - Benjamin E Tourdot
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - Katherine Mast
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - Jennifer Yeung
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - John C Freedman
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - Abigail Green
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - Diane K Luci
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - Anton Simeonov
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - David J Maloney
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - Theodore R Holman
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.)
| | - Michael Holinstat
- From the Department of Pharmacology (R.A., B.E.T., K.M., J.Y., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (J.C.F., A.G., T.R.H.); and National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD (D.K.L., A.J., A.S., D.J.M.).
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Estevez B, Du X. New Concepts and Mechanisms of Platelet Activation Signaling. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:162-177. [PMID: 28228483 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00020.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon blood vessel injury, platelets are exposed to adhesive proteins in the vascular wall and soluble agonists, which initiate platelet activation, leading to formation of hemostatic thrombi. Pathological activation of platelets can induce occlusive thrombosis, resulting in ischemic events such as heart attack and stroke, which are leading causes of death globally. Platelet activation requires intracellular signal transduction initiated by platelet receptors for adhesion proteins and soluble agonists. Whereas many platelet activation signaling pathways have been established for many years, significant recent progress reveals much more complex and sophisticated signaling and amplification networks. With the discovery of new receptor signaling pathways and regulatory networks, some of the long-standing concepts of platelet signaling have been challenged. This review provides an overview of the new developments and concepts in platelet activation signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Estevez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Tourdot BE, Holinstat M. Targeting 12-Lipoxygenase as a Potential Novel Antiplatelet Therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:1006-1015. [PMID: 28863985 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are key contributors to the formation of occlusive thrombi; the major underlying cause of ischemic heart disease and stroke. Antiplatelet therapy has reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with thrombotic events; however, the utility of current antiplatelet therapies is limited by the concomitant risk of an adverse bleeding event. Novel antiplatelet therapies that are more efficacious at inhibiting thrombosis while minimally affecting hemostasis are required. Platelet-type 12-(S)-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), an oxygenase shown to potentiate platelet activation, represents a novel antiplatelet target. Recently, a selective 12-LOX inhibitor, ML355, was shown to decrease thrombosis without prolonging hemostasis. While published data suggests targeting 12-LOX is a viable approach, further work is required to determine the safety and effectiveness of 12-LOX inhibitors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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The expansive role of oxylipins on platelet biology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:575-588. [PMID: 28528513 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, three major oxygenases, cyclooxygenases (COXs), lipoxygenases (LOXs), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450), generate an assortment of unique lipid mediators (oxylipins) from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which exhibit pro- or anti-thrombotic activity. Over the years, novel oxylipins generated from the interplay of theoxygenase activity in various cells, such as the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), have been identified and investigated in inflammatory disease models. Although platelets have been implicated in inflammation, the role and mechanism of these SPMs produced from immune cells on platelet function are still unclear. This review highlights the burgeoning classes of oxylipins that have been found to regulate platelet function; however, their mechanism of action still remains to be elucidated.
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Wysokinski WE, Tafur A, Ammash N, Asirvatham SJ, Wu Y, Gosk-Bierska I, Grill DE, Slusser JP, Mruk J, McBane RD. Impact of atrial fibrillation on platelet gene expression. Eur J Haematol 2017; 98:615-621. [PMID: 28306170 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Platelets retain cytoplasmic messenger RNA and are capable of protein biosynthesis. Several diseases are known to impact the platelet transcriptome but the effect of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) on platelet RNA transcript is essentially unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of NVAF on platelet RNA transcript by measuring platelet genes expression in consecutive NVAF patients before and 3-4 months after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and compared to normal sinus rhythm controls (NSR). METHODS AND RESULTS RNA from isolated platelets were reverse transcribed, assayed against 15 genes using real-time qPCR, and expressed as mean cycle threshold (ΔCt) using beta-2-microglobulin as endogenous control. Expression of all evaluated genes, except cathepsin A gene, was significantly lower (higher ΔCt) in 103 NVAF patients compared to 55 NSR controls. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein acid labile subunit gene (IGFALS) had expression more than 16 fold-lower (17.0±2.8 vs 12.5±3.8, P<.001), follow by genes encoding for prostacyclin receptor, and for von Willebrand factor which had fourfold lower expression compared to NSR controls. Gender, type of atrial fibrillation, heart failure, hypertension, prior stroke, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis were associated with different gene expression. Following PVI, expression of four genes significantly increased, particularly IGFALS gene (increased 256-fold) and ADAMT gene increased 16-fold); expression of three genes significantly decreased, and expression of eight genes has not changed. CONCLUSIONS Platelets are capable to respond to the circulatory environment of NVAF by altering transcript and changing prothrombotic status. This shows platelet potential for molecular "reprogramming" possibly induced by flow disturbances of NVAF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso Tafur
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vascular Surgery and Medicine Section, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Skokie, USA
| | - Naser Ammash
- Mayo Clinic and Foundation for Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Yanhong Wu
- Mayo Clinic and Foundation for Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Diane E Grill
- Mayo Clinic and Foundation for Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joshua P Slusser
- Mayo Clinic and Foundation for Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jozef Mruk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas, School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Robert D McBane
- Mayo Clinic and Foundation for Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA
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Yeung J, Holinstat M. Who is the real 12-HETrE? Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 132:25-30. [PMID: 28259546 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenases, including lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450s, generate an array of structurally diverse oxylipins that modulate distinct biological responses in mammals. Depending on the source of tissues and enzymes, distinct oxylipins are generated with inherent cellular function. Here, we report structurally different forms of 12-HETrE, with distinct biological function in tissues as well as their derived enzymatic source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yeung
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Sveshnikova AN, Balatskiy AV, Demianova AS, Shepelyuk TO, Shakhidzhanov SS, Balatskaya MN, Pichugin AV, Ataullakhanov FI, Panteleev MA. Systems biology insights into the meaning of the platelet's dual-receptor thrombin signaling. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:2045-2057. [PMID: 27513817 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Roles of the two thrombin receptors in platelet signaling are poorly understood. Computational systems biology modeling was used together with continuous flow cytometry. Dual-receptor system has wide-range sensitivity to thrombin and optimal response dynamics. Procoagulant platelet formation is determined by donor-specific activities of the two receptors. SUMMARY Background Activation of human platelets with thrombin proceeds via two protease-activated receptors (PARs), PAR1 and PAR4, that have identical main intracellular signaling responses. Although there is evidence that they have different cleavage/inactivation kinetics (and some secondary variations in signaling), the reason for such redundancy is not clear. Methods We developed a multicompartmental stochastic computational systems biology model of dual-receptor thrombin signaling in platelets to gain insight into the mechanisms and roles of PAR1 and PAR4 functioning. Experiments employing continuous flow cytometry of washed human platelets were used to validate the model and test its predictions. Activity of PAR receptors in donors was evaluated by mRNA measurement and by polymorphism sequencing. Results Although PAR1 activation produced rapid and short-lived response, signaling via PAR4 developed slowly and propagated in time. Response of the dual-receptor system was both rapid and prolonged in time. Inclusion of PAR1/PAR4 heterodimer formation promoted PAR4 signaling in the medium range of thrombin concentration (about 10 nm), with little contribution at high and low thrombin. Different dynamics and dose-dependence of procoagulant platelet formation in healthy donors was associated with individual variations in PAR1 and PAR4 activities and particularly by the Ala120Thr polymorphism in the F2RL3 gene encoding PAR4. Conclusions The dual-receptor combination is critical to produce a response combining three critical advantages: sensitivity to thrombin concentration, rapid onset and steady propagation; specific features of the protease-activated receptors do not allow combination of all three in a single receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Sveshnikova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
- Therapeutic Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Balatskiy
- Medical Scientific and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Demianova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - T O Shepelyuk
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - S S Shakhidzhanov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M N Balatskaya
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Pichugin
- Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - F I Ataullakhanov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
| | - M A Panteleev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.
- Faculty of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia.
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36
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Silverstein RL. Metabolic Manipulation to Put the Brakes on Platelet Activation: A Potential Novel Pharmacologic Approach to Atherothrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:2031-2. [PMID: 27655777 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roy L Silverstein
- From the Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and Blood Research Institute of BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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37
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Yeung J, Tourdot BE, Adili R, Green AR, Freedman CJ, Fernandez-Perez P, Yu J, Holman TR, Holinstat M. 12(S)-HETrE, a 12-Lipoxygenase Oxylipin of Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acid, Inhibits Thrombosis via Gαs Signaling in Platelets. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:2068-77. [PMID: 27470510 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids has been widely used for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in individuals at risk; however, the cardioprotective benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids remain controversial because of lack of mechanistic and in vivo evidence. We present direct evidence that an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), exhibits in vivo cardioprotection through 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) oxidation of DGLA to its reduced oxidized lipid form, 12(S)-hydroxy-8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid (12(S)-HETrE), inhibiting platelet activation and thrombosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS DGLA inhibited ex vivo platelet aggregation and Rap1 activation in wild-type mice, but not in mice lacking 12-LOX expression (12-LOX(-/-)). Similarly, wild-type mice treated with DGLA were able to reduce thrombus growth (platelet and fibrin accumulation) after laser-induced injury of the arteriole of the cremaster muscle, but not 12-LOX(-/-) mice, supporting a 12-LOX requirement for mediating the inhibitory effects of DGLA on platelet-mediated thrombus formation. Platelet activation and thrombus formation were also suppressed when directly treated with 12(S)-HETrE. Importantly, 2 hemostatic models, tail bleeding and arteriole rupture of the cremaster muscle, showed no alteration in hemostasis after 12(S)-HETrE treatment. Finally, the mechanism for 12(S)-HETrE protection was shown to be mediated via a Gαs-linked G-protein-coupled receptor pathway in human platelets. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the direct evidence that an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, DGLA, inhibits injury-induced thrombosis through its 12-LOX oxylipin, 12(S)-HETrE, which strongly supports the potential cardioprotective benefits of DGLA supplementation through its regulation of platelet function. Furthermore, this is the first evidence of a 12-LOX oxylipin regulating platelet function in a Gs α subunit-linked G-protein-coupled receptor-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yeung
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Benjamin E Tourdot
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Reheman Adili
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Abigail R Green
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Cody J Freedman
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Pilar Fernandez-Perez
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Johnny Yu
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Theodore R Holman
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.)
| | - Michael Holinstat
- From the Department of Pharmacology (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., M.H.) and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (J.Y., B.E.T., R.A., P.F.-P., J.Y., M.H.); and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz (A.R.G., C.J.F., T.R.H.).
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Thrombin-induced reactive oxygen species generation in platelets: A novel role for protease-activated receptor 4 and GPIbα. Redox Biol 2015; 6:640-647. [PMID: 26569550 PMCID: PMC4656914 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelets are essential for maintaining haemostasis and play a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Upon ligation of platelet receptors through subendothelial matrix proteins, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated, further amplifying the platelet activation response. Thrombin, a potent platelet activator, can signal through GPIbα and protease-activated receptor (PAR) 1 and PAR4 on human platelets, and recently has been implicated in the generation of ROS. While ROS are known to have key roles in intra-platelet signalling and subsequent platelet activation, the precise receptors and signalling pathways involved in thrombin-induced ROS generation have yet to be fully elucidated. Objective To investigate the relative contribution of platelet GPIbα and PARs to thrombin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Methods and results Highly specific antagonists targeting PAR1 and PAR4, and the GPIbα-cleaving enzyme, Naja kaouthia (Nk) protease, were used in quantitative flow cytometry assays of thrombin-induced ROS production. Antagonists of PAR4 but not PAR1, inhibited thrombin-derived ROS generation. Removal of the GPIbα ligand binding region attenuated PAR4-induced and completely inhibited thrombin-induced ROS formation. Similarly, PAR4 deficiency in mice abolished thrombin-induced ROS generation. Additionally, GPIbα and PAR4-dependent ROS formation were shown to be mediated through focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) proteins. Conclusions Both GPIbα and PAR4 are required for thrombin-induced ROS formation, suggesting a novel functional cooperation between GPIbα and PAR4. Our study identifies a novel role for PAR4 in mediating thrombin-induced ROS production that was not shared by PAR1. This suggests an independent signalling pathway in platelet activation that may be targeted therapeutically. PAR4 plays an important role in platelet-derived ROS generation. Thrombin-induced ROS generation in platelets require both GPIbα and PAR4. Potential functional association between GPIbα and PAR4 receptors and mouse and human platelets. GPIbα and PAR4-dependent ROS formation is mediated through FAK and NOX1 proteins.
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Duvernay MT, Matafonov A, Lindsley CW, Hamm HE. Platelet Lipidomic Profiling: Novel Insight into Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α Activity and Its Role in Human Platelet Activation. Biochemistry 2015; 54:5578-88. [PMID: 26295742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With a newer, more selective and efficacious cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) inhibitor available, we revisited the role of cPLA2α activity in platelet activation and discovered that a component of platelet signaling, even larger than previously appreciated, relies on this enzyme. In a whole blood shear-based flow chamber assay, giripladib, a cPLA2α inhibitor, reduced platelet adhesion and accumulation on collagen. Moreover, giripladib differentially affected P-selectin expression and GPIIbIIIa activation depending on the agonist employed. While protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1)-mediated platelet activation was unaffected by giripladib, the levels of PAR4- and GPVI-mediated platelet activation were significantly reduced. Meanwhile, the thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist SQ29548 had no effect on PAR-, GPVI-, or puriniergic receptor-mediated platelet activation, suggesting that another eicosanoid produced downstream of arachidonic acid liberation by cPLA2α was responsible for this large component of PAR4- and GPVI-mediated platelet activation. In parallel, we profiled PAR-mediated changes in glycerophospholipid (GPL) mass with and without giripladib to better understand cPLA2α-mediated lipid metabolism. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) demonstrated the largest consumption of mass during thrombin stimulation. Additionally, we confirm phosphatidylinositol as a major substrate of cPLA2α. A comparison of PAR1- and PAR4-induced metabolism revealed the consumption of more putative arachidonyl-PE species downstream of PAR1 activation. Instead of enhanced cPLA2α activity and therefore more arachidonic acid liberation downstream of PAR4, these results indicate the major role that cPLA2α activity plays in platelet function and suggest that a novel eicosanoid is produced in response to platelet activation that represents a large component of PAR4- and GPVI-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Duvernay
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anton Matafonov
- Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Heidi E Hamm
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Kirkby NS, Reed DM, Edin ML, Rauzi F, Mataragka S, Vojnovic I, Bishop-Bailey D, Milne GL, Longhurst H, Zeldin DC, Mitchell JA, Warner TD. Inherited human group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 deficiency abolishes platelet, endothelial, and leucocyte eicosanoid generation. FASEB J 2015; 29:4568-78. [PMID: 26183771 PMCID: PMC4608906 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-275065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids are important vascular regulators, but the phospholipase A2
(PLA2) isoforms supporting their production within the cardiovascular
system are not fully understood. To address this, we have studied platelets,
endothelial cells, and leukocytes from 2 siblings with a homozygous loss-of-function
mutation in group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2
(cPLA2α). Chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to determine
levels of a broad range of eicosanoids produced by isolated vascular cells, and in
plasma and urine. Eicosanoid release data were paired with studies of cellular
function. Absence of cPLA2α almost abolished eicosanoid synthesis
in platelets (e.g., thromboxane A2, control 20.5 ±
1.4 ng/ml vs. patient 0.1 ng/ml) and leukocytes
[e.g., prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), control
21.9 ± 7.4 ng/ml vs. patient 1.9 ng/ml], and this was
associated with impaired platelet activation and enhanced inflammatory responses.
cPLA2α-deficient endothelial cells showed reduced, but not
absent, formation of prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin; control 956 ±
422 pg/ml vs. patient 196 pg/ml) and were primed for inflammation.
In the urine, prostaglandin metabolites were selectively influenced by
cPLA2α deficiency. For example, prostacyclin metabolites were
strongly reduced (18.4% of control) in patients lacking cPLA2α,
whereas PGE2 metabolites (77.8% of control) were similar to healthy
volunteer levels. These studies constitute a definitive account, demonstrating the
fundamental role of cPLA2α to eicosanoid formation and cellular
responses within the human circulation.—Kirkby, N. S., Reed, D. M., Edin, M.
L., Rauzi, F., Mataragka, S., Vojnovic, I., Bishop-Bailey, D., Milne, G. L.,
Longhurst, H., Zeldin, D. C., Mitchell, J. A., Warner, T. D. Inherited human group
IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 deficiency abolishes platelet, endothelial,
and leucocyte eicosanoid generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Kirkby
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Reed
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew L Edin
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Rauzi
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Mataragka
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Vojnovic
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Bishop-Bailey
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ginger L Milne
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary Longhurst
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A Mitchell
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy D Warner
- *National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Immunology Department, Barts Health and the London National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Tang K, Cai Y, Joshi S, Tovar E, Tucker SC, Maddipati KR, Crissman JD, Repaskey WT, Honn KV. Convergence of eicosanoid and integrin biology: 12-lipoxygenase seeks a partner. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:111. [PMID: 26037302 PMCID: PMC4453211 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integrins and enzymes of the eicosanoid pathway are both well-established contributors to cancer. However, this is the first report of the interdependence of the two signaling systems. In a screen for proteins that interacted with, and thereby potentially regulated, the human platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX, ALOX12), we identified the integrin β4 (ITGB4). Methods Using a cultured mammalian cell model, we have demonstrated that ITGB4 stimulation leads to recruitment of 12-LOX from the cytosol to the membrane where it physically interacts with the integrin to become enzymatically active to produce 12(S)-HETE, a known bioactive lipid metabolite that regulates numerous cancer phenotypes. Results The net effect of the interaction was the prevention of cell death in response to starvation. Additionally, regulation of β4-mediated, EGF-stimulated invasion was shown to be dependent on 12-LOX, and downstream Erk signaling in response to ITGB4 activation also required 12-LOX. Conclusions This is the first report of an enzyme of the eicosanoid pathway being recruited to and regulated by activated β4 integrin. Integrin β4 has recently been shown to induce expansion of prostate tumor progenitors and there is a strong correlation between stage/grade of prostate cancer and 12-LOX expression. The 12-LOX enzymatic product, 12(S)-HETE, regulates angiogenesis and cell migration in many cancer types. Therefore, disruption of integrin β4-12LOX interaction could reduce the pro-inflammatory oncogenic activity of 12-LOX. This report on the consequences of 12-LOX and ITGB4 interaction sets a precedent for the linkage of integrin and eicosanoid biology through direct protein-protein association. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0382-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, 48201, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 431 Chemistry Building, 48202, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Yinlong Cai
- Department of Pathology, Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 431 Chemistry Building, 48202, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Sangeeta Joshi
- Department of Pathology, Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 431 Chemistry Building, 48202, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Present address: Roswell Park Cancer Institute, 14263, Buffalo, New York, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Tovar
- Department of Pathology, Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 431 Chemistry Building, 48202, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Program in Cancer Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 48202, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Present address: Van Andel Institute, 49503, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
| | - Stephanie C Tucker
- Department of Pathology, Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 431 Chemistry Building, 48202, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Department of Pathology, Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 431 Chemistry Building, 48202, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - John D Crissman
- Department of Pathology, Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 431 Chemistry Building, 48202, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - William T Repaskey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Department of Pathology, Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 431 Chemistry Building, 48202, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the recent developments in understanding the pathophysiology of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and in applying this knowledge to the treatment of patients with suspected and proven HIT. RECENT FINDINGS HIT pathophysiology is dynamic and complex. HIT pathophysiology is initiated by four essential components--heparin (Hep), platelet factor 4 (PF4), IgG antibodies against the Hep-PF4 complex, and platelet FcγRIIa. HIT is propagated by activated platelets, monocytes, endothelial cells, and coagulation proteins. Insights into the unique HIT antibody response continue to emerge, but without consensus as to the relative roles of B cells, T cells, and antigen-presenting cells. Platelet activation via FcγRIIa, the sine qua non of HIT, has become much better appreciated. Therapy remains challenging for several reasons. Suspected HIT is more frequent than proven HIT, because of the widespread use of Hep and the inadequacies of current diagnostic tests and scoring systems. In proven HIT, approved treatments reduce but do not eliminate thrombosis, and have substantial bleeding risk. Rational novel therapeutic strategies, directed at the initiating steps in HIT pathophysiology and with potential combinations staged over time, are in various phases of development. SUMMARY Progress continues in understanding the breadth of molecular and cellular players in HIT. Translation to improved diagnosis and treatment is needed.
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Powell WS, Rokach J. Biosynthesis, biological effects, and receptors of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and oxoeicosatetraenoic acids (oxo-ETEs) derived from arachidonic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:340-55. [PMID: 25449650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid can be oxygenated by a variety of different enzymes, including lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P450s, and can be converted to a complex mixture of oxygenated products as a result of lipid peroxidation. The initial products in these reactions are hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HpETEs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Oxoeicosatetraenoic acids (oxo-ETEs) can be formed by the actions of various dehydrogenases on HETEs or by dehydration of HpETEs. Although a large number of different HETEs and oxo-ETEs have been identified, this review will focus principally on 5-oxo-ETE, 5S-HETE, 12S-HETE, and 15S-HETE. Other related arachidonic acid metabolites will also be discussed in less detail. 5-Oxo-ETE is synthesized by oxidation of the 5-lipoxygenase product 5S-HETE by the selective enzyme, 5-hydroxyeicosanoid dehydrogenase. It actions are mediated by the selective OXE receptor, which is highly expressed on eosinophils, suggesting that it may be important in eosinophilic diseases such as asthma. 5-Oxo-ETE also appears to stimulate tumor cell proliferation and may also be involved in cancer. Highly selective and potent OXE receptor antagonists have recently become available and could help to clarify its pathophysiological role. The 12-lipoxygenase product 12S-HETE acts by the GPR31 receptor and promotes tumor cell proliferation and metastasis and could therefore be a promising target in cancer therapy. It may also be involved as a proinflammatory mediator in diabetes. In contrast, 15S-HETE may have a protective effect in cancer. In addition to GPCRs, higher concentration of HETEs and oxo-ETEs can activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and could potentially regulate a variety of processes by this mechanism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3626St. Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada.
| | - Joshua Rokach
- Claude Pepper Institute and Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
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Maskrey BH, Rushworth GF, Law MH, Treweeke AT, Wei J, Leslie SJ, Megson IL, Whitfield PD. 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid is associated with variability in aspirin-induced platelet inhibition. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2014; 11:33. [PMID: 25349537 PMCID: PMC4209229 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-014-0033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Aspirin is one of the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It is also a commonly used anti-platelet drug, which inhibits the formation of the platelet activator, thromboxane A2 (TxA2) via inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). However, the presence of a patient subset that fails to respond to aspirin despite reduced TxA2 concentrations suggests that the effect of aspirin might be more complex than exclusive COX-1 inhibition. Methods In this study we evaluated the impact of in vivo oral administration of a standard anti-platelet dose (75 mg) of aspirin in healthy volunteers on the acute impact of in vitro collagen-mediated platelet aggregation and generation of platelet-derived TxA2 and the 12-lipoxygenase (LOX) metabolite 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE). The eicosanoids were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results Low-dose aspirin administration not only inhibited TxA2 generation but also decreased the production of 12-HETE. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between the levels of 12-HETE and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Pre-treatment of platelets with the 12-LOX inhibitor, baicalein, prior to activation attenuated platelet aggregation. Conclusions These findings support a role for 12-HETE as a pro-aggregatory eicosanoid in platelet function and suggest a role for 12-HETE in variable sensitivity to aspirin. The study also highlights a potentially important mechanism by which aspirin impacts upon eicosanoid generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Maskrey
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH UK
| | | | - Matthew H Law
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH UK
| | - Andrew T Treweeke
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH UK
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH UK
| | | | - Ian L Megson
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH UK
| | - Phillip D Whitfield
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Old Perth Road, Inverness, IV2 3JH UK
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Kuhn H, Banthiya S, van Leyen K. Mammalian lipoxygenases and their biological relevance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:308-30. [PMID: 25316652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs) form a heterogeneous class of lipid peroxidizing enzymes, which have been implicated not only in cell proliferation and differentiation but also in the pathogenesis of various diseases with major public health relevance. As other fatty acid dioxygenases LOXs oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids to their corresponding hydroperoxy derivatives, which are further transformed to bioactive lipid mediators (eicosanoids and related substances). On the other hand, lipoxygenases are key players in the regulation of the cellular redox homeostasis, which is an important element in gene expression regulation. Although the first mammalian lipoxygenases were discovered 40 years ago and although the enzymes have been well characterized with respect to their structural and functional properties the biological roles of the different lipoxygenase isoforms are not completely understood. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the physiological roles of different mammalian LOX-isoforms and their patho-physiological function in inflammatory, metabolic, hyperproliferative, neurodegenerative and infectious disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin - Charite, Chariteplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Swathi Banthiya
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin - Charite, Chariteplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus van Leyen
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts Genrel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Tourdot BE, Conaway S, Niisuke K, Edelstein LC, Bray PF, Holinstat M. Mechanism of race-dependent platelet activation through the protease-activated receptor-4 and Gq signaling axis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2644-50. [PMID: 25278289 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Black individuals are at an increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke, 2 vascular diseases with strong thrombotic components. Platelet activation is a key step in platelet clot formation leading to myocardial infarction and stroke, and recent work supports a racial difference in platelet aggregation through the thrombin protease-activated receptors (PARs). The underlying mechanism for this racial difference, however, has not been established. Determining where in the signaling cascade these racial differences emerge will aid in understanding why individuals of differing racial ancestry may possess an inherent difference in their responsiveness to antiplatelet therapies. APPROACH AND RESULTS Washed human platelets from black volunteers were hyperaggregable in response to PAR4-mediated platelet stimulation compared with whites. Interestingly, the racial difference in PAR4-mediated platelet aggregation persisted in platelets treated ex vivo with aspirin and 2MeSAMP (2-methylthioadenosine 5'-monophosphate triethylammonium salt hydrate), suggesting that the racial difference is independent of secondary feedback. Furthermore, stimulation of platelets from black donors with PAR4-activating peptide showed a potentiated level of activation through the Gq pathway compared with platelets from white donors. Differences in signaling included increased Ca(2+) mobilization, Rap1 (Ras-related protein 1) activation, and integrin αIIbβ3 activation with no observed difference in platelet protein expression between the groups tested. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to demonstrate that the Gq pathway is differentially regulated by race after PAR4 stimulation in human platelets. Furthermore, the racial difference in PAR4-mediated platelet aggregation persisted in the presence of cyclooxygenase and P2Y12 receptor dual inhibition, suggesting that current antiplatelet therapy may provide less protection to blacks than whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Tourdot
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stanley Conaway
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katrin Niisuke
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Leonard C Edelstein
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paul F Bray
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael Holinstat
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
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47
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Abstract
Platelets are essential in maintaining hemostasis following inflammation or injury to the vasculature. Dysregulated platelet activity often results in thrombotic complications leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. Activation of the FcγRIIa receptor leads to immune-mediated thrombosis, which is often life threatening in patients undergoing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia or sepsis. Inhibiting FcγRIIa-mediated activation in platelets has been shown to limit thrombosis and is the principal target for prevention of immune-mediated platelet activation. In this study, we show for the first time that platelet 12(S)-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), a highly expressed oxylipin-producing enzyme in the human platelet, is an essential component of FcγRIIa-mediated thrombosis. Pharmacologic inhibition of 12-LOX in human platelets resulted in significant attenuation of FcγRIIa-mediated aggregation. Platelet 12-LOX was shown to be essential for FcγRIIa-induced phospholipase Cγ2 activity leading to activation of calcium mobilization, Rap1 and protein kinase C activation, and subsequent activation of the integrin αIIbβ3. Additionally, platelets from transgenic mice expressing human FcγRIIa but deficient in platelet 12-LOX, failed to form normal platelet aggregates and exhibited deficiencies in Rap1 and αIIbβ3 activation. These results support an essential role for 12-LOX in regulating FcγRIIa-mediated platelet function and identifies 12-LOX as a potential therapeutic target to limit immune-mediated thrombosis.
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48
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Luci DK, Jameson JB, Yasgar A, Diaz G, Joshi N, Kantz A, Markham K, Perry S, Kuhn N, Yeung J, Kerns EH, Schultz L, Holinstat M, Nadler JL, Taylor-Fishwick DA, Jadhav A, Simeonov A, Holman TR, Maloney DJ. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of 4-((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)amino)benzenesulfonamide derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of 12-lipoxygenase. J Med Chem 2014; 57:495-506. [PMID: 24393039 DOI: 10.1021/jm4016476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a family of iron-containing enzymes which catalyze the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to provide the corresponding bioactive hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) metabolites. These eicosanoid signaling molecules are involved in a number of physiologic responses such as platelet aggregation, inflammation, and cell proliferation. Our group has taken a particular interest in platelet-type 12-(S)-LOX (12-LOX) because of its demonstrated role in skin diseases, diabetes, platelet hemostasis, thrombosis, and cancer. Herein, we report the identification and medicinal chemistry optimization of a 4-((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)amino)benzenesulfonamide-based scaffold. Top compounds, exemplified by 35 and 36, display nM potency against 12-LOX, excellent selectivity over related lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases, and possess favorable ADME properties. In addition, both compounds inhibit PAR-4 induced aggregation and calcium mobilization in human platelets and reduce 12-HETE in β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane K Luci
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, Maryland, United States
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