1
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Xu J, He J, Zhou YL, Weng Z, Li M, Wang ZX, He Y. Von Willebrand factor promotes radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) development and its cleavage enzyme rhADAMTS13 protects against RIII by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:1-12. [PMID: 37956910 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Patients with abdominopelvic cancer undergoing radiotherapy commonly develop radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII); however, its underlying pathogenesis remains elusive. The von Willebrand factor (vWF)/a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) axis has been implicated in thrombosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. However, its role in RIII remains unclear. In this study, the effect of radiation on vWF and ADAMTS13 expression was firstly evaluated in patients with cervical cancer undergoing radiotherapy and C57BL/6J mice exposed to different doses of total abdominal irradiation. Then, mice with the specific deletion of vWF in the platelets and endothelium were established to demonstrate the contribution of vWF to RIII. Additionally, the radioprotective effect of recombinant human (rh) ADAMTS13 against RIII was assessed. Results showed that both the patients with cervical cancer undergoing radiotherapy and RIII mouse model exhibited increased vWF levels and decreased ADAMTS13 levels. The knockout of platelet- and endothelium-derived vWF rectified the vWF/ADAMTS13 axis imbalance; improved intestinal structural damage; increased crypt epithelial cell proliferation; and reduced radiation-induced apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, thereby alleviating RIII. Administration of rhADAMTS13 could equally alleviate RIII. Our results demonstrated that abdominal irradiation affected the balance of the vWF/ADAMTS13 axis. vWF exerted a deleterious role and ADAMTS13 exhibited a protective role in RIII progression. rhADAMTS13 has the potential to be developed into a radioprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhou
- MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhen Weng
- MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Zhen-Xin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Yang He
- MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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2
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Peters IJA, de Pater E, Zhang W. The role of GATA2 in adult hematopoiesis and cell fate determination. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1250827. [PMID: 38033856 PMCID: PMC10682726 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1250827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The correct maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in bone marrow is vital for the maintenance and operation of the human blood system. GATA2 plays a critical role in the maintenance of HSCs and the specification of HSCs into the different hematopoietic lineages, highlighted by the various defects observed in patients with heterozygous mutations in GATA2, resulting in cytopenias, bone marrow failure and increased chance of myeloid malignancy, termed GATA2 deficiency syndrome. Despite this, the mechanisms underlying GATA2 deficiency syndrome remain to be elucidated. The detailed description of how GATA2 regulates HSC maintenance and blood lineage determination is crucial to unravel the pathogenesis of GATA2 deficiency syndrome. In this review, we summarize current advances in elucidating the role of GATA2 in hematopoietic cell fate determination and discuss the challenges of modeling GATA2 deficiency syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhang, ; Emma de Pater,
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3
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Zhussupbekov M, Méndez Rojano R, Wu WT, Antaki JF. von Willebrand factor unfolding mediates platelet deposition in a model of high-shear thrombosis. Biophys J 2022; 121:4033-4047. [PMID: 36196057 PMCID: PMC9675031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis under high-shear conditions is mediated by the mechanosensitive blood glycoprotein von Willebrand factor (vWF). vWF unfolds in response to strong flow gradients and facilitates rapid recruitment of platelets in flowing blood. While the thrombogenic effect of vWF is well recognized, its conformational response in complex flows has largely been omitted from numerical models of thrombosis. We recently presented a continuum model for the unfolding of vWF, where we represented vWF transport and its flow-induced conformational change using convection-diffusion-reaction equations. Here, we incorporate the vWF component into our multi-constituent model of thrombosis, where the local concentration of stretched vWF amplifies the deposition rate of free-flowing platelets and reduces the shear cleaning of deposited platelets. We validate the model using three benchmarks: in vitro model of atherothrombosis, a stagnation point flow, and the PFA-100, a clinical blood test commonly used for screening for von Willebrand disease (vWD). The simulations reproduced the key aspects of vWF-mediated thrombosis observed in these experiments, such as the thrombus location, thrombus growth dynamics, and the effect of blocking platelet-vWF interactions. The PFA-100 simulations closely matched the reported occlusion times for normal blood and several hemostatic deficiencies, namely, thrombocytopenia, vWD type 1, and vWD type 3. Overall, this multi-constituent model of thrombosis enables macro-scale 3D simulations of thrombus formation in complex geometries over a wide range of shear rates and accounts for qualitative and quantitative hemostatic deficiencies in patient blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansur Zhussupbekov
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | - Wei-Tao Wu
- Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - James F Antaki
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
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4
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Sandoval‐Pérez A, Mejía‐Restrepo V, Aponte‐Santamaría C. Thermodynamic stabilization of von Willebrand factor
A1
domain induces protein loss of function. Proteins 2022; 90:2058-2066. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.26397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Sandoval‐Pérez
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biophysics Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá Colombia
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5
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Wang Y, Liu X, Obser T, Bauer AT, Heyes M, Starzonek S, Zulal M, Opitz K, Ott L, Riethdorf S, Lange T, Pantel K, Bendas G, Schneider SW, Kusche-Gullberg M, Gorzelanny C. Heparan sulfate dependent binding of plasmatic von Willebrand factor to blood circulating melanoma cells attenuates metastasis. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:76-94. [PMID: 35690300 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS), a highly negatively charged glycosaminoglycan, is ubiquitously present in all tissues and also exposed on the surface of mammalian cells. A plethora of molecules such as growth factors, cytokines or coagulation factors bear HS binding sites. Accordingly, HS controls the communication of cells with their environment and therefore numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes such as cell adhesion, migration, and cancer cell metastasis. In the present work, we found that HS exposed by blood circulating melanoma cells recruited considerable amounts of plasmatic von Willebrand factor (vWF) to the cellular surface. Analyses assisted by super-resolution microscopy indicated that HS and vWF formed a tight molecular complex. Enzymatic removal of HS or genetic engineering of the HS biosynthesis showed that a reduced length of the HS chains or complete lack of HS was associated with significantly reduced vWF encapsulation. In microfluidic experiments, mimicking a tumor-activated vascular system, we found that vWF-HS complexes prevented vascular adhesion. In line with this, single molecular force spectroscopy suggested that the vWF-HS complex promoted the repulsion of circulating cancer cells from the blood vessel wall to counteract metastasis. Experiments in wild type and vWF knockout mice confirmed that the HS-vWF complex at the melanoma cell surface attenuated hematogenous metastasis, whereas melanoma cells lacking HS evade the anti-metastatic recognition by vWF. Analysis of tissue samples obtained from melanoma patients validated that metastatic melanoma cells produce less HS. Transcriptome data further suggest that attenuated expression of HS-related genes correlate with metastases and reduced patients' survival. In conclusion, we showed that HS-mediated binding of plasmatic vWF to the cellular surface can reduce the hematogenous spread of melanoma. Cancer cells with low HS levels evade vWF recognition and are thus prone to form metastases. Therefore, therapeutic expansion of the cancer cell exposed HS may prevent tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Department of Dermatology, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Obser
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander T Bauer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Heyes
- Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University Bonn, Department of Pharmacy, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Starzonek
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mina Zulal
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karena Opitz
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Ott
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Tumor Biology, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Riethdorf
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Tumor Biology, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Tumor Biology, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Bendas
- Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University Bonn, Department of Pharmacy, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Gorzelanny
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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6
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Thondapu V, Sutherland N, Ford T, Claessen B, Dangas GD, Barlis P. Bioresorbable‐polymer Everolimus‐eluting Stents. Interv Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119697367.ch32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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7
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Singh AK, Malviya R. Coagulation and inflammation in cancer: Limitations and prospects for treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188727. [PMID: 35378243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of so-called immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which target specific molecular processes of tumour growth, has had a transformative effect on cancer treatment. Widespread use of antibody-based medicines to inhibit tumour cell immune evasion by modulating T cell responses is becoming more common. Despite this, response rates are still low, and secondary resistance is an issue that arises often. In addition, a wide range of serious adverse effects is triggered by enhancing the immunological response. As a result of an increased mortality rate, a higher prevalence of thrombotic complications is connected with an increased incidence of immunological reactions, complement activation, and skin toxicity. This suggests that the tumour microenvironment's interaction between coagulation and inflammation is important at every stage of the tumour's life cycle. The coagulation system's function in tumour formation is the topic of this review. By better understanding the molecular mechanisms in which tumour cells circulate, plasmatic coagulation and immune system cells are engaged, new therapy options for cancer sufferers may be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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8
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Mann Z, Sengar M, Verma YK, Rajalingam R, Raghav PK. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Factors: Their Functional Role in Self-Renewal and Clinical Aspects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:664261. [PMID: 35399522 PMCID: PMC8987924 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.664261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess two important properties such as self-renewal and differentiation. These properties of HSCs are maintained through hematopoiesis. This process gives rise to two subpopulations, long-term and short-term HSCs, which have become a popular convention for treating various hematological disorders. The clinical application of HSCs is bone marrow transplant in patients with aplastic anemia, congenital neutropenia, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, or replacement of damaged bone marrow in case of chemotherapy. The self-renewal attribute of HSCs ensures long-term hematopoiesis post-transplantation. However, HSCs need to be infused in large numbers to reach their target site and meet the demands since they lose their self-renewal capacity after a few passages. Therefore, a more in-depth understanding of ex vivo HSCs expansion needs to be developed to delineate ways to enhance the self-renewability of isolated HSCs. The multifaceted self-renewal process is regulated by factors, including transcription factors, miRNAs, and the bone marrow niche. A developed classical hierarchical model that outlines the hematopoiesis in a lineage-specific manner through in vivo fate mapping, barcoding, and determination of self-renewal regulatory factors are still to be explored in more detail. Thus, an in-depth study of the self-renewal property of HSCs is essentially required to be utilized for ex vivo expansion. This review primarily focuses on the Hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal pathway and evaluates the regulatory molecular factors involved in considering a targeted clinical approach in numerous malignancies and outlining gaps in the current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Mann
- Independent Researcher, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Sengar
- Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar Verma
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Delhi, India
| | - Raja Rajalingam
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pawan Kumar Raghav
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pawan Kumar Raghav, ,
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9
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Robador JR, Feinauer MJ, Schneider SW, Mayer FT, Gorzelanny C, Sacharow A, Liu X, Berghoff A, Brehm MA, Hirsch D, Stadler J, Vidal-Y-Si S, Wladykowski E, Asong M, Nowak K, Seiz-Rosenhagen M, Umansky V, Mess C, Pantel K, Winkler F, Bauer AT. Involvement of platelet-derived VWF in metastatic growth of melanoma in the brain. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 3:vdab175. [PMID: 34993481 PMCID: PMC8717898 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis of patients with brain metastases (BM) is poor despite advances in our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. The high incidence of thrombotic complications defines tumor progression and the high mortality rate. We, therefore, postulated that von Willebrand factor (VWF) promotes BM via its ability to induce platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Methods We measured the abundance of VWF in the blood and intravascular platelet aggregates of patients with BM, and determined the specific contribution of endothelial and platelet-derived VWF using in vitro models and microfluidics. The relevance for the brain metastatic cascade in vivo was demonstrated in ret transgenic mice, which spontaneously develop BM, and by the intracardiac injection of melanoma cells. Results Higher levels of plasma VWF in patients with BM were associated with enhanced intraluminal VWF fiber formation and platelet aggregation in the metastatic tissue and peritumoral regions. Platelet activation triggered the formation of VWF multimers, promoting platelet aggregation and activation, in turn enhancing tumor invasiveness. The absence of VWF in platelets, or the blocking of platelet activation, abolished platelet aggregation, and reduced tumor cell transmigration. Anticoagulation and platelet inhibition consistently reduced the number of BM in preclinical animal models. Conclusions Our data indicate that platelet-derived VWF is involved in cerebral clot formation and in metastatic growth of melanoma in the brain. Targeting platelet activation with low-molecular-weight heparins represents a promising therapeutic approach to prevent melanoma BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Robador
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel J Feinauer
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank T Mayer
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Gorzelanny
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Artur Sacharow
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Berghoff
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria A Brehm
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Hirsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Stadler
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Vidal-Y-Si
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ewa Wladykowski
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marisse Asong
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kai Nowak
- Department of Surgery, RoMed Kliniken Klinkum Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
| | | | - Viktor Umansky
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Mess
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander T Bauer
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Bauer AT, Gorzelanny C, Gebhardt C, Pantel K, Schneider SW. Interplay between coagulation and inflammation in cancer: Limitations and therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 102:102322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Intramuscular Exposure to a Lethal Dose of Ricin Toxin Leads to Endothelial Glycocalyx Shedding and Microvascular Flow Abnormality in Mice and Swine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212345. [PMID: 34830227 PMCID: PMC8618821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ricin toxin isolated from the castor bean (Ricinus communis) is one of the most potent and lethal molecules known. While the pathophysiology and clinical consequences of ricin poisoning by the parenteral route, i.e., intramuscular penetration, have been described recently in various animal models, the preceding mechanism underlying the clinical manifestations of systemic ricin poisoning has not been completely defined. Here, we show that following intramuscular administration, ricin bound preferentially to the vasculature in both mice and swine, leading to coagulopathy and widespread hemorrhages. Increased levels of circulating VEGF and decreased expression of vascular VE-cadherin caused blood vessel impairment, thereby promoting hyperpermeability in various organs. Elevated levels of soluble heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid and syndecan-1 were measured in blood samples following ricin intoxication, indicating that the vascular glycocalyx of both mice and swine underwent extensive damage. Finally, by using side-stream dark field intravital microscopy imaging, we determined that ricin poisoning leads to microvasculature malfunctioning, as manifested by aberrant blood flow and a significant decrease in the number of diffused microvessels. These findings, which suggest that glycocalyx shedding and microcirculation dysfunction play a major role in the pathology of systemic ricin poisoning, may serve for the formulation of specifically tailored therapies for treating parenteral ricin intoxication.
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12
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Kleinveld DJB, Simons DDG, Dekimpe C, Deconinck SJ, Sloos PH, Maas MAW, Kers J, Muia J, Brohi K, Voorberg J, Vanhoorelbeke K, Hollmann MW, Juffermans NP. Plasma and rhADAMTS13 reduce trauma-induced organ failure by restoring the ADAMTS13-VWF axis. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3478-3491. [PMID: 34505883 PMCID: PMC8525227 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma-induced organ failure is characterized by endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and its cleaving enzyme, ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs, member 13) in the occurrence of endothelial permeability and organ failure in trauma. In an observational study in a level-1 trauma center, 169 adult trauma patients with clinical signs of shock and/or severe injuries were included. Trauma was associated with low ADAMTS13 and high VWF antigen levels, thus generating an imbalance of ADAMTS13 to VWF. Patients who developed organ failure (23%) had greater ADAMTS13-to-VWF imbalances, persistently lower platelet counts, and elevated levels of high-molecular-weight VWF multimers compared with those without organ failure, suggesting microthrombi formation. To investigate the effect of replenishing low ADAMTS13 levels on endothelial permeability and organ failure using either recombinant human ADAMTS13 (rhADAMTS13) or plasma transfusion, a rat model of trauma-induced shock and transfusion was used. Rats in traumatic hemorrhagic shock were randomized to receive crystalloids, crystalloids supplemented with rhADAMTS13, or plasma transfusion. A 70-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran was injected to determine endothelial leakage. Additionally, organs were histologically assessed. Both plasma transfusion and rhADAMTS13 were associated with a reduction in pulmonary endothelial permeability and organ injury when compared with resuscitation with crystalloids, but only rhADAMTS13 resulted in significant improvement of a trauma-induced decline in ADAMTS13 levels. We conclude that rhADAMTS13 and plasma transfusion can reduce organ failure following trauma. These findings implicate the ADAMTS13-VWF axis in the pathogenesis of organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J B Kleinveld
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Derek D G Simons
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Dekimpe
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Shannen J Deconinck
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Pieter H Sloos
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Adrie W Maas
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper Kers
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua Muia
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK
| | - Karim Brohi
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Voorberg
- Sanquin, Department of Cellular Hemostasis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Nicole P Juffermans
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Obermann WMJ, Brockhaus K, Eble JA. Platelets, Constant and Cooperative Companions of Sessile and Disseminating Tumor Cells, Crucially Contribute to the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674553. [PMID: 33937274 PMCID: PMC8085416 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although platelets and the coagulation factors are components of the blood system, they become part of and contribute to the tumor microenvironment (TME) not only within a solid tumor mass, but also within a hematogenous micrometastasis on its way through the blood stream to the metastatic niche. The latter basically consists of blood-borne cancer cells which are in close association with platelets. At the site of the primary tumor, the blood components reach the TME via leaky blood vessels, whose permeability is increased by tumor-secreted growth factors, by incomplete angiogenic sprouts or by vasculogenic mimicry (VM) vessels. As a consequence, platelets reach the primary tumor via several cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Moreover, clotting factor VII from the blood associates with tissue factor (TF) that is abundantly expressed on cancer cells. This extrinsic tenase complex turns on the coagulation cascade, which encompasses the activation of thrombin and conversion of soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin. The presence of platelets and their release of growth factors, as well as fibrin deposition changes the TME of a solid tumor mass substantially, thereby promoting tumor progression. Disseminating cancer cells that circulate in the blood stream also recruit platelets, primarily by direct cell-cell interactions via different receptor-counterreceptor pairs and indirectly by fibrin, which bridges the two cell types via different integrin receptors. These tumor cell-platelet aggregates are hematogenous micrometastases, in which platelets and fibrin constitute a particular TME in favor of the cancer cells. Even at the distant site of settlement, the accompanying platelets help the tumor cell to attach and to grow into metastases. Understanding the close liaison of cancer cells with platelets and coagulation factors that change the TME during tumor progression and spreading will help to curb different steps of the metastatic cascade and may help to reduce tumor-induced thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johannes A. Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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14
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Dal Lin C, Acquasaliente L, Iliceto S, De Filippis V, Vitiello G, Tona F. Von Willebrand Factor Multimers and the Relaxation Response: A One-Year Study. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 23:447. [PMID: 33920144 PMCID: PMC8069424 DOI: 10.3390/e23040447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Mental stress represents a pivotal factor in cardiovascular diseases. The mechanism by which stress produces its deleterious ischemic effects is still under study but some of the most explored pathways are inflammation, endothelial function and balancing of the thrombotic state. In this scenario, von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a plasma glycoprotein best known for its crucial hemostatic role, also acting as key regulatory element of inflammation, being released by the activated vascular endothelium. Antistress techniques seem to be able to slow down inflammation. As we have recently verified how the practice of the Relaxation Response (RR), which counteracts psychological stress, causes favorable changes in some inflammatory genes' expressions, neurotransmitters, hormones, cytokines and inflammatory circulating microRNAs with coronary endothelial function improvement, we aimed to verify a possible change even in serum levels of vWF. Experimental procedure: We measured vWF multimers and the total protein carbonyl contents in the sera of 90 patients with ischemic heart disease (and 30 healthy controls) immediately before and after an RR session, three times (baseline, 6 months, 12 months), during a one-year follow-up study. RESULTS According to our data, large vWF multimers decrease during the RR, as does the plasma total carbonyl content. CONCLUSION vWF levels seem to vary rapidly between anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic behaviors dependent on psychological activity, leading to relaxation and also possibly changes in its quaternary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Dal Lin
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Padua University School of Medicine, Via Giustiniani 5, 35131 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (F.T.)
| | - Laura Acquasaliente
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Padua University School of Medicine, Via Marzolo 2, 35100 Padua, Italy; (L.A.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Sabino Iliceto
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Padua University School of Medicine, Via Giustiniani 5, 35131 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (F.T.)
| | - Vincenzo De Filippis
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Padua University School of Medicine, Via Marzolo 2, 35100 Padua, Italy; (L.A.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Vitiello
- Department of Physics “E.R. Caianiello”, Salerno University, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Francesco Tona
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Padua University School of Medicine, Via Giustiniani 5, 35131 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (F.T.)
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15
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Steiger T, Philipp A, Hiller KA, Müller T, Lubnow M, Lehle K. Different mechanisms of oxygenator failure and high plasma von Willebrand factor antigen influence success and survival of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248645. [PMID: 33735282 PMCID: PMC7971568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Failure of membrane oxygenator (MO) function of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenators (VV ECMO) remains problematic. The development of device-induced coagulation disorder (COD) or worsened gas transfer (WGT) necessitates a system exchange. The aim was to correlate von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) with the predisposition to MO failure and mortality. METHODS Laboratory parameters (inflammation, coagulation) and ECMO-related data from 31 VV ECMO patients were analyzed before and after the first MO exchange. Study groups were identified according to the exchange reasons (COD, WGT) and the extent of vWF:Ag (low, ≤425%; high, >425%). RESULTS vWF:Ag remained unchanged after system exchange. High vWF:Ag was associated with systemic endothelial activation of older and obese patients with elevated SOFA score, increased norepinephrine and higher requirement of continuous renal replacement therapy without an effect on MO runtime and mortality. Including the mechanism of MO failure (COD, WGT), various patient group emerged. COD/low vWF:Ag summarized younger and less critically ill patients that benefit mainly from ECMO by a significant improvement of their inflammatory and coagulation status (CRP, D-dimers, fibrinogen) and highest survival rate (91%). Instead, WGT/high vWF:Ag presented older and more obese patients with a two-digit SOFA score, highest norepinephrine, and aggravated gas transfer. They benefited temporarily from system exchange but with worst survival (33%). CONCLUSIONS vWF:Ag levels alone cannot predict early MO failure and outcome in VV ECMO patients. Probably, the mechanism of clotting disorder in combination with the vWF:Ag level seems to be essential for clot formation within the MO. In addition, vWF:Ag levels allows the identification different patient populations In particular, WGT/high vWF:Ag represented a critically ill population with higher ECMO-associated mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Steiger
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alois Philipp
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Lubnow
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karla Lehle
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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16
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Clot waveform of APTT has abnormal patterns in subjects with COVID-19. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5190. [PMID: 33664450 PMCID: PMC7933409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) subjects, recent evidence suggests the presence of unique coagulation abnormalities. In this study, we performed clot waveform analyses to investigate whether specific modulations are observed in COVID-19 subjects. We analyzed the second derivative of the absorbance in routine APTT tests performed using an ACL-TOP system. We observed high frequencies of abnormal patterns in APTT second-derivative curves that could be classified into an early shoulder type, a late shoulder type, or a biphasic type, high maximum first-derivative and second-derivative peak levels, and a low minimum second-derivative peak level in COVID-19 subjects. These modulations were not observed in subjects with disseminated intravascular coagulation. These abnormal patterns are also observed in patients with lupus anticoagulant, hemophilia, or factor IX deficiency. The plasma fibrinogen levels might also be involved in the abnormal APTT waveforms, especially the high maximum first-derivative and second-derivative peak levels. The abnormal patterns in the APTT second-derivative curves appear with highest frequency at around 2 weeks after the onset of COVID-19 and were not associated with the severity of COVID-19. These results suggest the possible presence of a specific abnormal coagulopathy in COVID-19.
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17
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Huck V, Chen PC, Xu ER, Tischer A, Klemm U, Aponte-Santamaría C, Mess C, Obser T, Kutzki F, König G, Denis CV, Gräter F, Wilmanns M, Auton M, Schneider SW, Schneppenheim R, Hennig J, Brehm MA. Gain-of-Function Variant p.Pro2555Arg of von Willebrand Factor Increases Aggregate Size through Altering Stem Dynamics. Thromb Haemost 2020; 122:226-239. [PMID: 33385180 PMCID: PMC8828397 DOI: 10.1055/a-1344-4405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The multimeric plasma glycoprotein (GP) von Willebrand factor (VWF) is best known for recruiting platelets to sites of injury during primary hemostasis. Generally, mutations in the VWF gene lead to loss of hemostatic activity and thus the bleeding disorder von Willebrand disease. By employing cone and platelet aggregometry and microfluidic assays, we uncovered a platelet GPIIb/IIIa-dependent prothrombotic gain of function (GOF) for variant p.Pro2555Arg, located in the C4 domain, leading to an increase in platelet aggregate size. We performed complementary biophysical and structural investigations using circular dichroism spectra, small-angle X-ray scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations on the single C4 domain, and dimeric wild-type and p.Pro2555Arg constructs. C4-p.Pro2555Arg retained the overall structural conformation with minor populations of alternative conformations exhibiting increased hinge flexibility and slow conformational exchange. The dimeric protein becomes disordered and more flexible. Our data suggest that the GOF does not affect the binding affinity of the C4 domain for GPIIb/IIIa. Instead, the increased VWF dimer flexibility enhances temporal accessibility of platelet-binding sites. Using an interdisciplinary approach, we revealed that p.Pro2555Arg is the first VWF variant, which increases platelet aggregate size and shows a shear-dependent function of the VWF stem region, which can become hyperactive through mutations. Prothrombotic GOF variants of VWF are a novel concept of a VWF-associated pathomechanism of thromboembolic events, which is of general interest to vascular health but not yet considered in diagnostics. Thus, awareness should be raised for the risk they pose. Furthermore, our data implicate the C4 domain as a novel antithrombotic drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Huck
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Experimental Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Po-Chia Chen
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emma-Ruoqi Xu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Tischer
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Ulrike Klemm
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Camilo Aponte-Santamaría
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biophysics, University of los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Mess
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Obser
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Kutzki
- Molecular Biomechanics Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gesa König
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cécile V Denis
- Laboratory of Hemostasis, Inflammation and Thrombosis, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_1176, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Frauke Gräter
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Biomechanics Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wilmanns
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany.,University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Auton
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schneppenheim
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janosch Hennig
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria A Brehm
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Adam EH, Zacharowski K, Miesbach W. A comprehensive assessment of the coagulation profile in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Thromb Res 2020; 194:42-44. [PMID: 32723615 PMCID: PMC7301788 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E H Adam
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Haemostaseology and Hemophilia Center, Medical Clinic 2, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K Zacharowski
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Haemostaseology and Hemophilia Center, Medical Clinic 2, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - W Miesbach
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Haemostaseology and Hemophilia Center, Medical Clinic 2, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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19
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Sandoval-Pérez A, Berger RML, Garaizar A, Farr SE, Brehm MA, König G, Schneider SW, Collepardo-Guevara R, Huck V, Rädler JO, Aponte-Santamaría C. DNA binds to a specific site of the adhesive blood-protein von Willebrand factor guided by electrostatic interactions. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:7333-7344. [PMID: 32496552 PMCID: PMC7367192 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils release their intracellular content, DNA included, into the bloodstream to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that confine and kill circulating pathogens. The mechanosensitive adhesive blood protein, von Willebrand Factor (vWF), interacts with the extracellular DNA of NETs to potentially immobilize them during inflammatory and coagulatory conditions. Here, we elucidate the previously unknown molecular mechanism governing the DNA–vWF interaction by integrating atomistic, coarse-grained, and Brownian dynamics simulations, with thermophoresis, gel electrophoresis, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), and microfluidic experiments. We demonstrate that, independently of its nucleotide sequence, double-stranded DNA binds to a specific helix of the vWF A1 domain, via three arginines. This interaction is attenuated by increasing the ionic strength. Our FCS and microfluidic measurements also highlight the key role shear-stress has in enabling this interaction. Our simulations attribute the previously-observed platelet-recruitment reduction and heparin-size modulation, upon establishment of DNA–vWF interactions, to indirect steric hindrance and partial overlap of the binding sites, respectively. Overall, we suggest electrostatics—guiding DNA to a specific protein binding site—as the main driving force defining DNA–vWF recognition. The molecular picture of a key shear-mediated DNA–protein interaction is provided here and it constitutes the basis for understanding NETs-mediated immune and hemostatic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Sandoval-Pérez
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biophysics, University of Los Andes, Cra. 1, 18A-12, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ricarda M L Berger
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Adiran Garaizar
- Maxwell Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Stephen E Farr
- Maxwell Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Maria A Brehm
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gesa König
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rosana Collepardo-Guevara
- Maxwell Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Volker Huck
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim O Rädler
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Camilo Aponte-Santamaría
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biophysics, University of Los Andes, Cra. 1, 18A-12, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia.,Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Schneider MF, Fallah MA, Mess C, Obser T, Schneppenheim R, Alexander-Katz A, Schneider SW, Huck V. Platelet adhesion and aggregate formation controlled by immobilised and soluble VWF. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:64. [PMID: 32917131 PMCID: PMC7488753 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been demonstrated that von Willebrand factor (VWF) mediated platelet-endothelium and platelet-platelet interactions are shear dependent. The VWF’s mobility under dynamic conditions (e.g. flow) is pivotal to platelet adhesion and VWF-mediated aggregate formation in the cascade of VWF-platelet interactions in haemostasis. Results Combining microfluidic tools with fluorescence and reflection interference contrast microscopy (RICM), here we show, that specific deletions in the A-domains of the biopolymer VWF affect both, adhesion and aggregation properties independently. Intuitively, the deletion of the A1-domain led to a significant decrease in both adhesion and aggregate formation of platelets. Nevertheless, the deletion of the A2-domain revealed a completely different picture, with a significant increase in formation of rolling aggregates (gain of function). We predict that the A2-domain effectively ‘masks’ the potential between the platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib and the VWF A1-domain. Furthermore, the deletion of the A3-domain led to no significant variation in either of the two functional characteristics. Conclusions These data demonstrate that the macroscopic functional properties i.e. adhesion and aggregate formation cannot simply be assigned to the properties of one particular domain, but have to be explained by cooperative phenomena. The absence or presence of molecular entities likewise affects the properties (thermodynamic phenomenology) of its neighbours, therefore altering the macromolecular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias F Schneider
- Department of Physics, Medical and Biological Physics, Technical University Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 50, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mohammad A Fallah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Christian Mess
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Centre for Internal Medicine, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Obser
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schneppenheim
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alfredo Alexander-Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineerin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 400 Technology Sq. (NE46-605), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Centre for Internal Medicine, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volker Huck
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Centre for Internal Medicine, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Experimental Dermatology, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
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21
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Oran I. Flow-diverting stent and delayed intracranial bleeding: the case for discussing acquired von Willebrand disease. Platelets 2020; 32:432-435. [PMID: 32406779 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1754379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A unique feature of the flow-diverting stent (FDS) has rendered it useful in the endovascular treatment of selected intracranial aneurysms for the last decade. Delayed aneurysmal rupture and intracranial parenchymal bleeding are two leading hemorrhagic complications after FDS. It has recently been shown for the first time that there is a relationship between FDS and reduced level of vWF activity in patients undergoing endovascular cerebral aneurysm treatment. Here, the current literature is reviewed in the context of this novel finding to propose an illustrative scenario that conceptually links implantation of FDS to delayed intracranial bleeding, through the mechanism of shear-induced activation of vWF. In this scenario, after FDS implantation, sustained release of activated vWF in association with platelets plays a pivotal role in the mechanisms of delayed intracranial hemorrhages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Oran
- Section of Interventional Radiology, KENT Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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22
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Liesenborghs L, Meyers S, Vanassche T, Verhamme P. Coagulation: At the heart of infective endocarditis. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:995-1008. [PMID: 31925863 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infective endocarditis is a life-threatening and enigmatic disease with a mortality of 30% and a pathophysiology that is poorly understood. However, at its core, an endocarditis lesion is mainly a fibrin and platelet blood clot infested with bacteria, clinging at the cardiac valves. Infective endocarditis therefore serves as a paradigm of immunothrombosis gone wrong. Immunothrombosis refers to the entanglement of the coagulation system with innate immunity and the role of coagulation in the isolation and clearance of invading pathogens. However, in the case of infective endocarditis, instead of containing the infection, immunothrombosis inadvertently creates the optimal shelter from the immune system and allows some bacteria to grow almost unimpeded. In every step of the disease, the coagulation system is heavily involved. It mediates the initial adhesion of bacteria to the leaflets, fuels the growth and maturation of a vegetation, and facilitates complications such as embolization and valve destruction. In addition, the number one cause of infective endocarditis, Staphylococcus aureus, has proven to be a true manipulator of immunothrombosis and thrives in the fibrin rich environment of an endocarditis vegetation. Considering its central role in infective endocarditis, the coagulation system is an attractive therapeutic target for this deadly disease. There is, however, a very delicate balance at play and the use of antithrombotic drugs in patients with endocarditis is often accompanied with a high bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Liesenborghs
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Severien Meyers
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanassche
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Verhamme
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Extracellular RNA released due to shear stress controls natural bypass growth by mediating mechanotransduction in mice. Blood 2020; 134:1469-1479. [PMID: 31501155 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluid shear stress in the vasculature is the driving force for natural bypass growth, a fundamental endogenous mechanism to counteract the detrimental consequences of vascular occlusive disease, such as stroke or myocardial infarction. This process, referred to as "arteriogenesis," relies on local recruitment of leukocytes, which supply growth factors to preexisting collateral arterioles enabling them to grow. Although several mechanosensing proteins have been identified, the series of mechanotransduction events resulting in local leukocyte recruitment is not understood. In a mouse model of arteriogenesis (femoral artery ligation), we found that endothelial cells release RNA in response to increased fluid shear stress and that administration of RNase inhibitor blocking plasma RNases improved perfusion recovery. In contrast, treatment with bovine pancreatic RNase A or human recombinant RNase1 interfered with leukocyte recruitment and collateral artery growth. Our results indicated that extracellular RNA (eRNA) regulated leukocyte recruitment by engaging vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), which was confirmed by intravital microscopic studies in a murine cremaster model of inflammation. Moreover, we found that release of von Willebrand factor (VWF) as a result of shear stress is dependent on VEGFR2. Blocking VEGFR2, RNase application, or VWF deficiency interfered with platelet-neutrophil aggregate formation, which is essential for initiating the inflammatory process in arteriogenesis. Taken together, the results show that eRNA is released from endothelial cells in response to shear stress. We demonstrate this extracellular nucleic acid as a critical mediator of mechanotransduction by inducing the liberation of VWF, thereby initiating the multistep inflammatory process responsible for arteriogenesis.
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24
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Platelet function defects in patients with Gaucher disease on long term ERT- implications for evaluation at bleeding challenges. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2020; 80:102371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2019.102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Lancellotti S, Sacco M, Basso M, De Cristofaro R. Mechanochemistry of von Willebrand factor. Biomol Concepts 2019; 10:194-208. [PMID: 31778361 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2019-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Von Willebrand factor (VWF), a blood multimeric protein with a very high molecular weight, plays a crucial role in the primary haemostasis, the physiological process characterized by the adhesion of blood platelets to the injured vessel wall. Hydrodynamic forces are responsible for extensive conformational transitions in the VWF multimers that change their structure from a globular form to a stretched linear conformation. This feature makes this protein particularly prone to be investigated by mechanochemistry, the branch of the biophysical chemistry devoted to investigating the effects of shear forces on protein conformation. This review describes the structural elements of the VWF molecule involved in the biochemical response to shear forces. The stretched VWF conformation favors the interaction with the platelet GpIb and at the same time with ADAMTS-13, the zinc-protease that cleaves VWF in the A2 domain, limiting its prothrombotic capacity. The shear-induced conformational transitions favor also a process of self-aggregation, responsible for the formation of a spider-web like network, particularly efficient in the trapping process of flowing platelets. The investigation of the biophysical effects of shear forces on VWF conformation contributes to unraveling the molecular mechanisms of many types of thrombotic and haemorrhagic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lancellotti
- Servizio Malattie Emorragiche e Trombotiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Monica Sacco
- Istituto di Medicina Interna e Geriatria, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia "A. Gemelli", Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Basso
- Servizio Malattie Emorragiche e Trombotiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Raimondo De Cristofaro
- Servizio Malattie Emorragiche e Trombotiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Istituto di Medicina Interna e Geriatria, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia "A. Gemelli", Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Roma, Italy
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Mazzeffi M, Strauss E, Meyer M, Hasan S, Judd M, Abuelkasem E, Chow J, Nandwani V, McCarthy P, Tanaka K. Coagulation Factor Levels and Underlying Thrombin Generation Patterns in Adult Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients. Anesth Analg 2019; 129:659-666. [PMID: 31425204 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of data on the underlying procoagulant-anticoagulant balance during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We hypothesized that adult ECMO patients would have an imbalance between procoagulant and anticoagulant factors, leading to an abnormal underlying thrombin generation (TG) pattern. METHODS Twenty adult venoarterial (VA) ECMO patients had procoagulant and anticoagulant factor levels measured temporally on ECMO day 1 or 2, day 3, and day 5. In heparin-neutralized plasma, underlying TG patterns, and sensitivity to activated protein C were assessed using calibrated automated thrombogram. TG parameters including lag time, peak TG, and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) were compared against 5 normal plasma controls (3 males and 2 females) obtained from a commercial supplier. Thrombomodulin (TM) was added to some samples to evaluate for activated protein C resistance. RESULTS Procoagulant factors (factor [F] II, FV, and FX) were mostly in normal reference ranges and gradually increased during the first 5 ECMO days (P = .022, <.001, <.001). FVIII levels were elevated at all time points and did not change (P = .766). In contrast, FXI was in the low-normal range but did not increase during ECMO (P = .093). Antithrombin (AT) and protein C levels were below normal but increased during the first 5 ECMO days (P = .002 and P = .014). Heparinase-treated samples showed prolonged lag time, increased peak TG, and increased ETP compared to controls; mean difference in lag time on ECMO day 1 or 2 = 6.0 minutes (99% confidence interval [CI], 2.8-9.2), peak TG = 193.4 (99% CI, 122.5-264.3), and ETP = 1170.4 (99% CI, 723.2-1617.6). After in vitro TM treatment, differences in TG parameters were accentuated and ECMO samples appeared insensitive to TM treatment; mean difference in lag time on ECMO day 1 or 2 = 9.3 minutes (99% CI, 6.2-12.4), peak TG = 233.0 (99% CI, 140.9-325.1), and ETP = 1322.5 (99% CI, 764.8-1880.2). Similar differences in TG parameters were observed on ECMO days 3 and 5. CONCLUSIONS Contact activation occurs during ECMO, but procoagulant factor levels are generally preserved. Although heparin-neutralized TG is delayed, peak TG and ETP are supranormal in the setting of high FVIII and low AT and protein C levels. Resistance to TM is also apparent. These changes demonstrate a possible mechanism for hypercoagulability during adult VA ECMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mazzeffi
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Erik Strauss
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Meyer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shaheer Hasan
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Miranda Judd
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ezeldeen Abuelkasem
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Chow
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Veena Nandwani
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Paul McCarthy
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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27
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The endothelial glycocalyx anchors von Willebrand factor fibers to the vascular endothelium. Blood Adv 2019; 2:2347-2357. [PMID: 30237293 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017013995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic change from a globular conformation to an elongated fiber determines the ability of von Willebrand factor (VWF) to trap platelets. Fiber formation is favored by the anchorage of VWF to the endothelial cell surface, and VWF-platelet aggregates on the endothelium contribute to inflammation, infection, and tumor progression. Although P-selectin and ανβ3-integrins may bind VWF, their precise role is unclear, and additional binding partners have been proposed. In the present study, we evaluated whether the endothelial glycocalyx anchors VWF fibers to the endothelium. Using microfluidic experiments, we showed that stabilization of the endothelial glycocalyx by chitosan oligosaccharides or overexpression of syndecan-1 (SDC-1) significantly supports the binding of VWF fibers to endothelial cells. Heparinase-mediated degradation or impaired synthesis of heparan sulfate (HS), a major component of the endothelial glycocalyx, reduces VWF fiber-dependent platelet recruitment. Molecular interaction studies using flow cytometry and live-cell fluorescence microscopy provided further evidence that VWF binds to HS linked to SDC-1. In a murine melanoma model, we found that protection of the endothelial glycocalyx through the silencing of heparanase increases the number of VWF fibers attached to the wall of tumor blood vessels. In conclusion, we identified HS chains as a relevant binding factor for VWF fibers at the endothelial cell surface in vitro and in vivo.
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28
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Mazzeffi M, Hasan S, Abuelkasem E, Meyer M, Deatrick K, Taylor B, Kon Z, Herr D, Tanaka K. Von Willebrand Factor-GP1bα Interactions in Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33:2125-2132. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Liu X, Gorzelanny C, Schneider SW. Platelets in Skin Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1453. [PMID: 31333641 PMCID: PMC6620619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and small vessel vasculitis are three autoimmune diseases frequently manifested in the skin. They share common pathogenic features, including production of autoantibodies, loss of tolerance to self-antigens, tissue necrosis and fibrosis, vasculopathy and activation of the coagulation system. Platelets occupy a central part within the coagulation cascade and are well-recognized for their hemostatic role. However, recent cumulative evidence implicates their additional and multifaceted immunoregulatory functions. Platelets express immune receptors and they store growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines in their granules enabling a significant contribution to inflammation. A plethora of activating triggers such as damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from damaged endothelial cells, immune complexes, or complement effector molecules can mediate platelet activation. Activated platelets further foster an inflammatory environment and the crosstalk with the endothelium and leukocytes by the release of immunoactive molecules and microparticles. Further insight into the pathogenic implications of platelet activation will pave the way for new therapeutic strategies targeting autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the inflammatory functions of platelets and their mechanistic contribution to the pathophysiology of SSc, ANCA associated small vessel vasculitis and other autoimmune diseases affecting the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gorzelanny
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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30
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Wijeratne SS, Nolasco L, Li J, Jiang K, Moake JL, Kiang CH. Correlating Conformational Dynamics with the Von Willebrand Factor Reductase Activity of Factor H Using Single Molecule Force Measurements. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:10653-10658. [PMID: 30351116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b06153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of proteins often involves conformational transitions, and these switches are often difficult to characterize in multidomain proteins. Full-length factor H (FH), consisting of 20 small consensus repeat domains (150 kD), is a complement control protein that regulates the activity of the alternative complement pathway. Different preparations of FH can also reduce the disulfide bonds linking large Von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers into smaller, less adhesive forms. In contrast, commercially available purified FH (pFH) has little or no VWF reductase activity unless the pFH is chemically modified by either ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or urea. We used atomic force microscopy single molecule force measurements to investigate different forms of FH, including recombinant FH and pFH, in the presence or absence of EDTA and urea, and to correlate the conformational changes to its activities. We found that the FH conformation depends on the method used for sample preparation, which affects the VWF reductase activity of FH.
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31
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The von Willebrand factor Tyr2561 allele is a gain-of-function variant and a risk factor for early myocardial infarction. Blood 2018; 133:356-365. [PMID: 30366922 PMCID: PMC6347094 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-04-843425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequent von Willebrand factor (VWF) variant p.Phe2561Tyr is located within the C4 domain, which also harbors the platelet GPIIb/IIIa-binding RGD sequence. To investigate its potential effect on hemostasis, we genotyped 865 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), 915 with myocardial infarction (MI), and 417 control patients (Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study) and performed functional studies of this variant. A univariate analysis of male and female carriers of the Tyr2561 allele aged 55 years or younger revealed an elevated risk for repeated MI (odds ratio, 2.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-5.98). The odds ratio was even higher in females aged 55 years or younger, at a value of 5.93 (95% CI, 1.12-31.24). Cone and plate aggregometry showed that compared with Phe2561, Tyr2561 was associated with increased platelet aggregate size both in probands' blood and with the recombinant variants. Microfluidic assays revealed that the critical shear rate for inducing aggregate formation was decreased to 50% by Tyr2561 compared with Phe2561. Differences in C-domain circular dichroism spectra resulting from Tyr2561 suggest an increased shear sensitivity of VWF as a result of altered association of the C domains that disrupts the normal dimer interface. In summary, our data emphasize the functional effect of the VWF C4 domain for VWF-mediated platelet aggregation in a shear-dependent manner and provide the first evidence that a functional variant of VWF plays a role in arterial thromboembolism.
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32
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Schwarzl R, Netz RR. Hydrodynamic Shear Effects on Grafted and Non-Grafted Collapsed Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E926. [PMID: 30960851 PMCID: PMC6403890 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We study collapsed homo-polymeric molecules under linear shear flow conditions using hydrodynamic Brownian dynamics simulations. Tensile force profiles and the shear-rate-dependent globular-coil transition for grafted and non-grafted chains are investigated to shine light on the different unfolding mechanisms. The scaling of the critical shear rate, at which the globular-coil transition takes place, with the monomer number is inverse for the grafted and non-grafted scenarios. This implicates that for the grafted scenario, larger chains have a decreased critical shear rate, while for the non-grafted scenario higher shear rates are needed in order to unfold larger chains. Protrusions govern the unfolding transition of non-grafted polymers, while for grafted polymers, the maximal tension appears at the grafted end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Schwarzl
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Roland R Netz
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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33
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Richardt D, Haban-Rackebrandt SL, Stock S, Scharfschwerdt M, Sievers HH. A matter of thrombosis: different thrombus-like formations in balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve prostheses. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2018; 54:157-161. [PMID: 29462284 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezy033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is a treatment strategy for degenerated aortic valve prostheses, but there is some concern regarding valve thrombosis. The optimal anticoagulation strategy for implantation of a transcatheter aortic valve prosthesis remains unclear. METHODS Aortic root models with the Sapien-XT and S3 prostheses (sizes 23 and 26) fixed in a Perimount Magna Ease bioprosthesis (sizes 23 and 25) were constructed. The haemodynamics of the left ventricle were imitated in a proved in vitro model. Milk was used for coagulation after 90s. Different areas of the leaflets (W: wall coagulation, C: commissure coagulation left/right and S: sinus coagulation) were examined and the number of thrombus-like formations was counted. RESULTS A total of 54% of the thrombus-like formations were found in the sinus, 28% at the wall area, 13% at the right commissure and 10% at the left commissure. Significant differences were detected at the wall area. S3 prostheses had significantly more thrombus-like formations than the XT prostheses. Additionally, in the S3 prostheses, the thrombus-like formation resembled a film whereas in the XT prostheses, the thrombus-like formation was like the crumbs of a cake. We noted exactly the same pattern in explanted prostheses from patients. CONCLUSIONS The Sapien prostheses tend to form thromboses due to their flow properties. More than half of the thrombus-like formations were seen in the sinus. The S3 prostheses had significantly more thrombus-like formations than the XT prostheses in the wall area. There are different patterns of thrombus-like formations in XT and S3 prostheses used for transcatheter aortic valve implantation both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Richardt
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Sina Stock
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Michael Scharfschwerdt
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Hans-Hinrich Sievers
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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34
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Holthenrich A, Gerke V. Regulation of von-Willebrand Factor Secretion from Endothelial Cells by the Annexin A2-S100A10 Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061752. [PMID: 29899263 PMCID: PMC6032327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells serve as gatekeepers of vascular hemostasis and local inflammatory reactions. They can rapidly respond to changes in the environment, caused, for example, by blood vessel injury, tissue damage or infection, by secreting in a strictly regulated manner factors regulating these processes. These factors include adhesion receptors for circulating leukocytes and platelets, P-selectin and von-Willebrand factor (VWF) that are stored in specialized secretory granules of endothelial cells, the Weibel-Palade bodies (WPB). Acute exposure of these adhesion molecules converts the endothelial cell surface from an anti-adhesive state enabling unrestricted flow of circulating blood cells to an adhesive one capable of capturing leukocytes (through P-selectin) and platelets (through VWF). While these are important (patho)physiological responses, compromised or dysregulated WPB secretion can cause pathologies such as excessive bleeding or vascular occlusion. Several factors are involved in regulating the exocytosis of WPB and thus represent potential targets for therapeutic interventions in these pathologies. Among them, the annexin A2 (AnxA2)-S100A10 complex has been shown to participate in the tethering/docking of secretion-competent WPB at the plasma membrane, and interference with AnxA2/S100A10 expression or complex formation significantly reduces acute WPB exocytosis and VWF release. Thus, developing specific means to efficiently block AnxA2-S100A10 complex formation in endothelial cells could lead to novel avenues towards interfering with acute vascular thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Holthenrich
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 56, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 56, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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35
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Role of CD40 and ADAMTS13 in von Willebrand factor-mediated endothelial cell-platelet-monocyte interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5556-E5565. [PMID: 29793936 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801366115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte extravasation into the vessel wall is a key step in atherogenesis. It is still elusive how monocytes transmigrate through the endothelial cell (EC) monolayer at atherosclerosis predilection sites. Platelets tethered to ultra-large von Willebrand factor (ULVWF) multimers deposited on the luminal EC surface following CD40 ligand (CD154) stimulation may facilitate monocyte diapedesis. Human ECs grown in a parallel plate flow chamber for live-cell imaging or Transwell permeable supports for transmigration assay were exposed to fluid or orbital shear stress and CD154. Human isolated platelets and/or monocytes were superfused over or added on top of the EC monolayer. Plasma levels and activity of the ULVWF multimer-cleaving protease ADAMTS13 were compared between coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and controls and were verified by the bioassay. Two-photon intravital microscopy was performed to monitor CD154-dependent leukocyte recruitment in the cremaster microcirculation of ADAMTS13-deficient versus wild-type mice. CD154-induced ULVWF multimer-platelet string formation on the EC surface trapped monocytes and facilitated transmigration through the EC monolayer despite high shear stress. Two-photon intravital microscopy revealed CD154-induced ULVWF multimer-platelet string formation preferentially in venules, due to strong EC expression of CD40, causing prominent downstream leukocyte extravasation. Plasma ADAMTS13 abundance and activity were significantly reduced in CAD patients and strongly facilitated both ULVWF multimer-platelet string formation and monocyte trapping in vitro. Moderate ADAMTS13 deficiency in CAD patients augments CD154-mediated deposition of platelet-decorated ULVWF multimers on the luminal EC surface, reinforcing the trapping of circulating monocytes at atherosclerosis predilection sites and promoting their diapedesis.
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36
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Xavier-Ferrucio J, Krause DS. Concise Review: Bipotent Megakaryocytic-Erythroid Progenitors: Concepts and Controversies. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1138-1145. [PMID: 29658164 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells maintain blood formation throughout our lifetime by undergoing long- and short-term self-renewal, respectively. As progenitor cells progress through the hematopoiesis process, their differentiation capabilities narrow, such that the precursors become committed to only one or two lineages. This Review focuses on recent advances in the identification and characterization of bipotent megakaryocytic-erythroid progenitors (MEP), the cells that can further produce two completely different functional outputs: platelets and red blood cells. The existence of MEP has sparked controversy as studies describing the requirement for this intermediate progenitor stage prior to commitment to the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages have been potentially contradictory. Interpretation of these studies is complicated by the variety of species, cell sources, and analytical approaches used along with inherent challenges in the continuum of hematopoiesis, where hematopoietic progenitors do not stop at discrete steps on single paths as classically drawn in hematopoietic hierarchy models. With the goal of improving our understanding of human hematopoiesis, we discuss findings in both human and murine cells. Based on these data, MEP clearly represent a transitional stage of differentiation in at least one route to the generation of both megakaryocytes and erythroid cells. Stem Cells 2018;36:1138-1145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Xavier-Ferrucio
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Diane S Krause
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Liesenborghs L, Verhamme P, Vanassche T. Staphylococcus aureus, master manipulator of the human hemostatic system. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:441-454. [PMID: 29251820 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coagulation system does not only offer protection against bleeding, but also aids in our defense against invading microorganisms. The hemostatic system and innate immunity are strongly entangled, which explains why so many infections are complicated by either bleeding or thrombosis. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), currently the most deadly infectious agent in the developed world, causes devastating intravascular infections such as sepsis and infective endocarditis. During these infections S. aureus comes in close contact with the host hemostatic system and proves to be a master in manipulating coagulation. The coagulases of S. aureus directly induce coagulation by activating prothrombin. S. aureus also manipulates fibrinolysis by triggering plasminogen activation via staphylokinase. Furthermore, S. aureus binds and activates platelets and interacts with key coagulation proteins such as fibrin(ogen), fibronectin and von Willebrand factor. By manipulating the coagulation system S. aureus gains a significant advantage over the host defense mechanisms. Studying the interplay between S. aureus and the hemostatic system can therefore lead to new innovative therapies for battling S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liesenborghs
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Verhamme
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Vanassche
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Hoore M, Rack K, Fedosov DA, Gompper G. Flow-induced adhesion of shear-activated polymers to a substrate. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:064001. [PMID: 29297854 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaa4d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion of polymers and proteins to substrates plays a crucial role in many technological applications and biological processes. A prominent example is the von Willebrand factor (VWF) protein, which is essential in blood clotting as it mediates adhesion of blood platelets to the site of injury at high shear rates. VWF is activated by flow and is able to bind efficiently to damaged vessel walls even under extreme flow-stress conditions; however, its adhesion is reversible when the flow strength is significantly reduced or the flow is ceased. Motivated by the properties and behavior of VWF in flow, we investigate adhesion of shear-activated polymers to a planar wall in flow and whether the adhesion is reversible under flow stasis. The main ingredients of the polymer model are cohesive inter-monomer interactions, a catch bond with the adhesive surface, and the shear activation/deactivation of polymer adhesion correlated with its stretching in flow. The cohesive interactions within the polymer maintain a globular conformation under low shear stresses and allow polymer stretching if a critical shear rate is exceeded, which is directly associated with its activation for adhesion. Our results show that polymer adhesion at high shear rates is significantly stabilized by catch bonds, while at the same time they also permit polymer dissociation from a surface at low or no flow stresses. In addition, the activation/deactivation mechanism for adhesion plays a crucial role in the reversibility of its adhesion. These observations help us better understand the adhesive behavior of VWF in flow and interpret its adhesion malfunctioning in VWF-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Hoore
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Goertz L, Schneider SW, Desch A, Mayer FT, Koett J, Nowak K, Karampinis I, Bohlmann MK, Umansky V, Bauer AT. Heparins that block VEGF-A-mediated von Willebrand factor fiber generation are potent inhibitors of hematogenous but not lymphatic metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68527-68545. [PMID: 27602496 PMCID: PMC5356571 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) serves as a nidus for platelet aggregation and thrombosis. We hypothesize that VWF fibers contribute to the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and to metastasis formation. Here, we show that vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells (ECs) express VWF in vitro and release VWF fibers after activation by tumor cell supernatants. In contrast, an ex vivo analysis of primary mouse tumors revealed the presence of VWF fibers in the blood microvasculature but not in lymphatic vessels. Unlike the anticoagulant Fondaparinux, an inhibitor of thrombin generation, the low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) Tinzaparin inhibited VWF fiber formation and vessel occlusion in tumor vessels by blocking thrombin-induced EC activation and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)-mediated VWF release. Intradermal tumor cell inoculation in VWF- and ADAMTS13-deficient mice did not alter lymph node metastases compared with wild type animals. Interestingly, multiple tumor-free distal organs exhibited hallmarks of malignancy-related VTE, including luminal VWF fibers, platelet-rich thrombi and vessel occlusions. Furthermore, ADAMTS13 deficiency, characterized by prolonged intraluminal VWF network lifetimes, resulted in a severely increased number of metastatic foci in an experimental model of hematogenous lung seeding. Treatment with Tinzaparin inhibited tumor-induced release of VWF multimers, impeded platelet aggregation and decreased lung metastasis. Thus, our data strongly suggest a critical role of luminal VWF fibers in determining the occurrence of thrombosis and cancer metastasis. Moreover, the findings highlight LMWHs as therapeutic strategy to treat thrombotic complications while executing anti-metastatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Goertz
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Werner Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Desch
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank Thomas Mayer
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julian Koett
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kai Nowak
- Department of Surgery, Mannheim University Medical Center, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ioannis Karampinis
- Department of Surgery, Mannheim University Medical Center, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael K Bohlmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mannheim University Medical Center, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Thomas Bauer
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Spannagl M, Engelmann B. Activators, therapeutics and immunity-related aspects of thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 2017; 111:568-9. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-03-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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41
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Marwan M, Mekkhala N, Göller M, Röther J, Bittner D, Schuhbaeck A, Hell M, Muschiol G, Kolwelter J, Feyrer R, Schlundt C, Achenbach S, Arnold M. Leaflet thrombosis following transcatheter aortic valve implantation. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2017; 12:8-13. [PMID: 29195844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is increasingly being offered to high-risk patients with symptomatic aortic valve stenosis. Recent reports have suggested a high incidence of subclinical leaflet thrombosis following bioprosthestic aortic valve replacement. We report the frequency and clinical presentation of leaflet thrombosis identified by cardiac CT in patients referred for follow-up contrast enhanced CT angiography following TAVI. METHODS 91 consecutive patients referred for follow-up contrast-enhanced CT angiography following TAVI were screened for inclusion in this analysis. Out of these, 13 patients were excluded. All CT examinations were performed using a 2nd or a 3rd generation dual-source system (Somatom Definition Flash/Force, Forchheim, Germany). In all patients, retrospectively ECG-gated spiral acquisition with tube modulation was performed to allow for assessment of leaflet motion. All prostheses were analyzed for presence of leaflet thrombosis defined as hypo-attenuated leaflet thickening with or without leaflet restriction. Post-procedural antithrombotic regimen as well as symptom status was documented in all patients. RESULTS 78 consecutive patients (35 males, 81 ± 4 years) were analyzed. TAVI had been performed in all patients (76 transfemoral access, 2 transapical access) with either balloon-expandable prostheses (4 Sapien XT, 64 Sapien 3) or self-expandable prostheses (5 SJM Portico, 5 Symetis Acurate). Follow-up CT angiography was performed at a median of 4 months following index procedure (Interquartile range 1 month). Leaflet thrombosis was detected in 18 patients (23%, 14 Sapien 3, 1 Sapien XT, 2 SJM Portico, 1 Symetis Acurate). In patients with leaflet thickening on CT, only 11% were on either oral anticoagulation or new oral anticoagulants versus 50% for patients with no leaflet thickening (p 0.002). In patients with leaflet thrombosis, 3 leaflets were affected in 5 patients, 2 leaflets in 5 patients and in 8 patient only 1 leaflet was affected. Clinical symptoms (angina, dyspnea or both) were reported in 2/18 patients with leaflet thrombosis (11%) and in both patients a significant increase of the mean echocardiographic gradient over the prosthesis was documented. The peak and mean echocardiographic gradients obtained at the day of CT examination was significantly higher in symptomatic patients versus asymptomatic patients (peak 46 ± 7 vs. 23 ± 11 mmHg, mean 29 ± 7 vs. 12 ± 6 mmHg, p = 0.01 and 0.002, respectively). Follow-up CT was available for 4 patients with complete resolution of the hypo-attenuated leaflet thickening following treatment. CONCLUSION Leaflet thrombosis following TAVI is a relatively frequent finding in patients referred for contrast enhanced CT angiography following TAVI. In the majority of patients it follows a subclinical course and is substantially more frequent in individuals who are not on oral anticoagulation. However, in patients with relevant increase in prosthetic gradients, symptomatic presentations are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marwan
- Department of Internal Medicine 2 (Cardiology), University of Erlangen, Germany.
| | - N Mekkhala
- Department of Internal Medicine 2 (Cardiology), University of Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Göller
- Department of Internal Medicine 2 (Cardiology), University of Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Röther
- Department of Internal Medicine 2 (Cardiology), University of Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Bittner
- Department of Internal Medicine 2 (Cardiology), University of Erlangen, Germany; Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - A Schuhbaeck
- Department of Internal Medicine 2 (Cardiology), University of Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Hell
- Department of Internal Medicine 2 (Cardiology), University of Erlangen, Germany
| | - G Muschiol
- Department of Internal Medicine 2 (Cardiology), University of Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Kolwelter
- Department of Internal Medicine 2 (Cardiology), University of Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Feyrer
- Department of Cardiosurgery, University of Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Schlundt
- Department of Internal Medicine 2 (Cardiology), University of Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Achenbach
- Department of Internal Medicine 2 (Cardiology), University of Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Arnold
- Department of Internal Medicine 2 (Cardiology), University of Erlangen, Germany
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Space and Time Resolved Detection of Platelet Activation and von Willebrand Factor Conformational Changes in Deep Suspensions. Int J Biomed Imaging 2017; 2017:8318906. [PMID: 29234351 PMCID: PMC5695078 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8318906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracking cells and proteins' phenotypic changes in deep suspensions is critical for the direct imaging of blood-related phenomena in in vitro replica of cardiovascular systems and blood-handling devices. This paper introduces fluorescence imaging techniques for space and time resolved detection of platelet activation, von Willebrand factor (VWF) conformational changes, and VWF-platelet interaction in deep suspensions. Labeled VWF, platelets, and VWF-platelet strands are suspended in deep cuvettes, illuminated, and imaged with a high-sensitivity EM-CCD camera, allowing detection using an exposure time of 1 ms. In-house postprocessing algorithms identify and track the moving signals. Recombinant VWF-eGFP (rVWF-eGFP) and VWF labeled with an FITC-conjugated polyclonal antibody are employed. Anti-P-Selectin FITC-conjugated antibodies and the calcium-sensitive probe Indo-1 are used to detect activated platelets. A positive correlation between the mean number of platelets detected per image and the percentage of activated platelets determined through flow cytometry is obtained, validating the technique. An increase in the number of rVWF-eGFP signals upon exposure to shear stress demonstrates the technique's ability to detect breakup of self-aggregates. VWF globular and unfolded conformations and self-aggregation are also observed. The ability to track the size and shape of VWF-platelet strands in space and time provides means to detect pro- and antithrombotic processes.
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Margination and stretching of von Willebrand factor in the blood stream enable adhesion. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14278. [PMID: 29079767 PMCID: PMC5660260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) is essential in primary hemostasis, as it mediates platelet adhesion to vessel walls. VWF retains its compact (globule-like) shape in equilibrium due to internal molecular associations, but is able to stretch when a high enough shear stress is applied. Even though the shear-flow sensitivity of VWF conformation is well accepted, the behavior of VWF under realistic blood flow conditions remains poorly understood. We perform mesoscopic numerical simulations together with microfluidic experiments in order to characterize VWF behavior in blood flow for a wide range of flow-rate and hematocrit conditions. In particular, our results demonstrate that the compact shape of VWF is important for its migration (or margination) toward vessel walls and that VWF stretches primarily in a near-wall region in blood flow making its adhesion possible. Our results show that VWF is a highly optimized protein in terms of its size and internal associations which are necessary to achieve its vital function. A better understanding of the relevant mechanisms for VWF behavior in microcirculation provides a further step toward the elucidation of the role of mutations in various VWF-related diseases.
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44
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Thrombosis in diabetes: a shear flow effect? Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1245-1260. [PMID: 28592700 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular events are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Type 2 diabetes (T2D). This condition is associated with heightened platelet reactivity, contributing to increased atherothrombotic risk. Indeed, individuals with diabetes respond inadequately to standard antiplatelet therapy. Furthermore, they often experience recurrent events as well as side effects that include excess bleeding. This highlights the need for identification of novel regulators of diabetes-associated thrombosis to target for therapeutic intervention. It is well established that platelet aggregation, a process essential for thrombus formation, is tightly regulated by shear stress; however, the mechanisms underlying shear activation of platelets, particularly in the setting of diabetes, are still poorly understood. This review will address the limitations of current diagnostic systems to assess the importance of shear stress in the regulation of thrombus formation in T2D, and the inability to recapitulate the pro-thrombotic phenotype seen clinically in the setting of T2D. Moreover, we will discuss recent findings utilizing new technologies to define the importance of shear stress in thrombus formation and their potential application to the setting of diabetes. Finally, we will discuss the potential of targeting shear-dependent mechanisms of thrombus formation as a novel therapeutic approach in the setting of T2D.
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45
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Dalén M, Sartipy U, Cederlund K, Franco-Cereceda A, Svensson A, Themudo R, Svenarud P, Bacsovics Brolin E. Hypo-Attenuated Leaflet Thickening and Reduced Leaflet Motion in Sutureless Bioprosthetic Aortic Valves. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.005251. [PMID: 28862959 PMCID: PMC5586405 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.005251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of hypo‐attenuated leaflet thickening (HALT) and reduced leaflet motion (RLM) is unknown in surgically implanted bioprostheses because systematic investigation of HALT and/or RLM is limited to a few catheter‐based valves. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HALT and RLM by cardiac computed tomography in patients who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement and received a Perceval sutureless aortic valve bioprosthesis. Methods and Results This was a single‐center prospective observational study that included 47 patients (83.5% of the total number of implantations) who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement with implantation of the Perceval sutureless bioprosthesis (LivaNova PLC, London, UK) at Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden from 2012 to 2016 and were studied by cardiac computed tomography. Cardiac computed tomography was performed at a median of 491 days (range 36–1247 days) postoperatively. HALT was found in 18 (38%) patients and RLM in 13 (28%) patients. All patients with RLM had HALT. Among patients with HALT, 5 out of 18 patients (28%) were treated with anticoagulation (warfarin or any novel oral anticoagulant) at the time of cardiac computed tomography. Among patients with RLM, 3 out of 13 patients (23%) were treated with anticoagulation. Conclusions HALT and RLM were prevalent in the surgically implanted Perceval sutureless aortic valve bioprosthesis. Both HALT and RLM were found in patients with ongoing anticoagulation treatment. Whether these findings are associated with adverse events needs further study. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02671474.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Dalén
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrik Sartipy
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Cederlund
- Department of Radiology Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Svensson
- Department of Radiology Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raquel Themudo
- Department of Radiology Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Svenarud
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Bacsovics Brolin
- Department of Radiology Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Müller JP, Löf A, Mielke S, Obser T, Bruetzel LK, Vanderlinden W, Lipfert J, Schneppenheim R, Benoit M. pH-Dependent Interactions in Dimers Govern the Mechanics and Structure of von Willebrand Factor. Biophys J 2017; 111:312-322. [PMID: 27463134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric plasma glycoprotein that is activated for hemostasis by increased hydrodynamic forces at sites of vascular injury. Here, we present data from atomic force microscopy-based single-molecule force measurements, atomic force microscopy imaging, and small-angle x-ray scattering to show that the structure and mechanics of VWF are governed by multiple pH-dependent interactions with opposite trends within dimeric subunits. In particular, the recently discovered strong intermonomer interaction, which induces a firmly closed conformation of dimers and crucially involves the D4 domain, was observed with highest frequency at pH 7.4, but was essentially absent at pH values below 6.8. However, below pH 6.8, the ratio of compact dimers increased with decreasing pH, in line with a previous transmission electron microscopy study. These findings indicated that the compactness of dimers at pH values below 6.8 is promoted by other interactions that possess low mechanical resistance compared with the strong intermonomer interaction. By investigating deletion constructs, we found that compactness under acidic conditions is primarily mediated by the D4 domain, i.e., remarkably by the same domain that also mediates the strong intermonomer interaction. As our data suggest that VWF has the highest mechanical resistance at physiological pH, local deviations from physiological pH (e.g., at sites of vascular injury) may represent a means to enhance VWF's hemostatic activity where needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen P Müller
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Achim Löf
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Salomé Mielke
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Obser
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda K Bruetzel
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Willem Vanderlinden
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Lipfert
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schneppenheim
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Benoit
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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47
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Gerke V. Annexins A2 and A8 in endothelial cell exocytosis and the control of vascular homeostasis. Biol Chem 2017; 397:995-1003. [PMID: 27451994 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessel homeostasis is controlled by a variety of regulatory circuits that involve both the vessel-lining endothelial cells as well as the circulating blood cells and products thereof. One important feature is the control exerted by endothelial cells through regulated exocytosis of factors affecting blood coagulation and local inflammatory processes. These factors include two important adhesion proteins: the leukocyte receptor P-selectin and the pro-coagulant von Willebrand factor (VWF) that binds platelets and is involved in the formation of a platelet plug at sites of blood vessel injury. Failure to correctly produce and secrete P-selectin and VWF leads to pathologies such as von Willebrand disease, the most common inherited bleeding disorder. P-selectin and VWF are stored in unique secretory granules, the Weibel-Palade bodies (WPB), that undergo a complex maturation process and are acutely secreted following endothelial stimulation, e.g. in the course of inflammation or following blood vessel injury. Two annexins have been shown to be involved in different aspects of WPB biology: annexin A8 is required for proper WPB maturation and annexin A2 participates in late steps of WPB exocytosis. Thus, by affecting the stimulated release of P-selectin and VWF from endothelial cells, annexins fulfil important functions in the control of vascular homeostasis and could be considered as targets for influencing P-selectin- and VWF-dependent processes/pathologies.
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48
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Prospective evaluation of ADAMTS-13 and von Willebrand factor multimers in cardiac surgery. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2016; 27:886-891. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Thondapu V, Claessen BE, Dangas GD, Serruys PW, Barlis P. Platinum-Chromium Everolimus-Eluting Stents. Interv Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118983652.ch33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Thondapu
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences; The University of Melbourne; Australia
| | - Bimmer E.P.M. Claessen
- Department of Cardiology; Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - George D. Dangas
- Department of Cardiology; Mount Sinai Medical Center; New York NY USA
| | - Patrick W. Serruys
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - Peter Barlis
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences; The University of Melbourne; Australia
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50
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Pistollato F, Sumalla Cano S, Elio I, Masias Vergara M, Giampieri F, Battino M. Role of gut microbiota and nutrients in amyloid formation and pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:624-34. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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