1
|
Ferris BF, Balasubramanian S, Rajamanickam A, Munisankar S, Dasan B, Menon PA, Loke P, Babu S, Chami GF. Relative contribution of biomedical, demographic, and socioeconomic factors to COVID-19 vaccine receipt in rural India. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305819. [PMID: 38913614 PMCID: PMC11195973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the first year of roll-out, vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prevented almost 20 million deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Yet, little is known about the factors influencing access to vaccination at the individual level within rural poor settings of low-income countries. The aim of this study was to examine determinants of vaccine receipt in rural India. METHODS A census of a rural village in Tamil Nadu was undertaken from June 2021 to September 2022. We surveyed 775 participants from 262 households. Household-level data on socioeconomic status (SES), water, sanitation, and hygiene practices, and individual-level demographic information, travel history, and biomedical data, including anthropometry, vital signs, and comorbidities, were collected. Logistic regression models with 5-fold cross-validation were used to identify the biomedical, demographic, and socioeconomic determinants of vaccine receipt and the timing of receipt within the first 30 days of eligibility. Vaccine ineligible participants were excluded leaving 659 eligible participants. There were 650 eligible participants with complete biomedical, demographic, and socioeconomic data. RESULTS There were 68.0% and 34.0% of individuals (N = 650) who had received one and two vaccine doses, respectively. Participants with household ownership of a permanent account number (PAN) or ration card were 2.15 (95% CI:1.32-3.52) or 3.02 (95% CI:1.72-5.29) times more likely to receive at least one vaccine dose compared to households with no ownership of such cards. Participants employed as housewives or self-employed non-agricultural workers were 65% (95% CI:0.19-0.67) or 59% (95% CI:0.22-0.76) less likely to receive at least one vaccine dose compared to salaried workers. Household PAN card ownership, occupation and age were linked to the timing of vaccine receipt. Participants aged ≤18 and 45-60 years were 17.74 (95% CI:5.07-62.03) and 5.51 (95% CI:2.74-11.10) times more likely to receive a vaccine within 30 days of eligibility compared to 19-44-year-olds. Biomedical factors including BMI, vital signs, comorbidities, and COVID-19 specific symptoms were not consistently associated with vaccine receipt or timing of receipt. No support was found that travel history, contact with COVID-19 cases, and hospital admissions influenced vaccine receipt or timing of receipt. CONCLUSION Factors linked to SES were linked to vaccine receipt, more so than biomedical factors which were targeted by vaccine policies. Future research should explore if government interventions including vaccine mandates, barriers to vaccine access, or peer influence linked to workplace or targeted vaccine promotion campaigns underpin these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany F. Ferris
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Suganthi Balasubramanian
- National Institutes of Health – National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis -International Center for Excellence in Research (NIH-ICER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anuradha Rajamanickam
- National Institutes of Health – National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis -International Center for Excellence in Research (NIH-ICER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Munisankar
- National Institutes of Health – National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis -International Center for Excellence in Research (NIH-ICER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bindu Dasan
- National Institutes of Health – National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis -International Center for Excellence in Research (NIH-ICER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pradeep A. Menon
- Indian Council of Medical Research – National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P'ng Loke
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health – National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis -International Center for Excellence in Research (NIH-ICER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Goylette F. Chami
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dinga JN, Kabakama S, Njimoh DL, Chia JE, Morhason-Bello I, Lumu I. Quantitative Synthesis of Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Vaccine Hesitancy in 185 Countries. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:34. [PMID: 38250847 PMCID: PMC10818751 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mass vaccination against COVID-19 is the best method to ensure herd immunity in order to curb the effect of the pandemic on the global economy. It is therefore important to assess the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy on a global scale. Factors were recorded from cross-sectional studies analyzed with t-Test, ANOVA, correlation, and meta-regression analyses and synthesized to identify global trends in order to inform policy. We registered the protocol (ID: CRD42022350418) and used standard Cochrane methods and PRISMA guidelines to collect and synthesize cross-sectional articles published between January 2020 and August 2023. A total of 67 articles with 576 studies from 185 countries involving 3081,766 participants were included in this synthesis. Global COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was 65.27% (95% CI; 62.72-67.84%), while global vaccine hesitancy stood at 32.1% (95% CI; 29.05-35.17%). One-Way ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference in the percentage Gross Domestic Product spent on vaccine procurement across the World Bank income levels (p < 0.187). There was a significant difference of vaccine acceptance (p < 0.001) and vaccine hesitancy (p < 0.005) across the different World Bank Income levels. World Bank income level had a strong influence on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (p < 0.0004) and hesitancy (p < 0.003) but percentage Gross Domestic Product spent on vaccine procurement did not. There was no correlation between percentage Gross Domestic Product spent on vaccine procurement and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (r = -0.11, p < 0.164) or vaccine hesitancy (r = -0.09, p < 0.234). Meta-regression analysis showed that living in an urban setting (OR = 4.83, 95% CI; 0.67-212.8), rural setting (OR = 2.53, 95% CI; 0.29-119.33), older (OR = 1.98, 95% CI; 0.99-4.07), higher education (OR = 1.76, 95% CI; 0.85-3.81), and being a low income earner (OR = 2.85, 95% CI; 0.45-30.63) increased the odds of high COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Factors that increased the odds of high COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were no influenza vaccine (OR = 33.06, 95% CI; 5.03-1395.01), mistrust for vaccines (OR = 3.91, 95% CI; 1.92-8.24), complacency (OR = 2.86, 95% CI; 1.02-8.83), pregnancy (OR = 2.3, 95% CI; 0.12-141.76), taking traditional herbs (OR = 2.15, 95% CI; 0.52-10.42), being female (OR = 1.53, 95% CI; 0.78-3.01), and safety concerns (OR = 1.29, 95% CI; 0.67-2.51). We proposed a number of recommendations to increase vaccine acceptance and ensure global herd immunity against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Nyhalah Dinga
- Michael Gahnyam Gbeugvat Foundation, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
| | - Severin Kabakama
- Humanitarian and Public Health Consultant, Mwanza P.O. Box 511, Tanzania
| | - Dieudonne Lemuh Njimoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
| | - Julius Ebua Chia
- World Health Organization-Regional Office for Africa, Brazaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | | | - Ivan Lumu
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mudenda S, Daka V, Matafwali SK, Skosana P, Chabalenge B, Mukosha M, Fadare JO, Mfune RL, Witika BA, Alumeta MG, Mufwambi W, Godman B, Meyer JC, Bwalya AG. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers in Lusaka, Zambia; Findings and Implications for the Future. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1350. [PMID: 37631918 PMCID: PMC10459437 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The uptake of COVID-19 vaccines is critical to address the severe consequences of the disease. Previous studies have suggested that many healthcare workers (HCWs) are hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, further enhancing hesitancy rates within countries. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy levels are currently unknown among HCWs in Zambia, which is a concern given the burden of infectious diseases in the country. Consequently, this study assessed COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among HCWs in Lusaka, Zambia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 HCWs between August and September 2022, using a semi-structured questionnaire. Multivariable analysis was used to determine the key factors associated with vaccine hesitancy among HCWs. Of the 240 HCWs who participated, 54.2% were females. A total of 72.1% of the HCWs would accept being vaccinated, while 27.9% were hesitant. Moreover, 93.3% of HCWs had positive attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines, with medical doctors having the highest mean attitude score (82%). Encouragingly, HCWs with positive attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines had reduced odds of being hesitant (AOR = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01-0.11, p < 0.001). Overall, acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs in Lusaka, Zambia, was high, especially by those with positive attitudes. However, the current hesitancy among some HCWs is a concern. Consequently, there is a need to address this and encourage HCWs to fully promote vaccination programs going forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.M.); (M.G.A.); (W.M.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Victor Daka
- Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola 21692, Zambia; (V.D.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Scott K. Matafwali
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
| | - Phumzile Skosana
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
| | - Billy Chabalenge
- Department of Medicines Control, Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, Lusaka 31890, Zambia;
| | - Moses Mukosha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.M.); (M.G.A.); (W.M.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Joseph O. Fadare
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University College of Medicine, Ado-Ekiti 362103, Nigeria;
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti 362103, Nigeria
| | - Ruth L. Mfune
- Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola 21692, Zambia; (V.D.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Bwalya A. Witika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
| | - Mirriam G. Alumeta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.M.); (M.G.A.); (W.M.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Webrod Mufwambi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.M.); (M.G.A.); (W.M.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Johanna C. Meyer
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
- South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Molotlegi Street, Garankuwa, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Angela G. Bwalya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (M.M.); (M.G.A.); (W.M.); (A.G.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Padonou SGR, Kakaï Glèlè C, Accrombessi M, Adegbite BR, Dangbenon E, Bah H, Akogbeto E, Bah Chabi AI, Kaucley L, Sourakatou S, Dossou A, Batonon A, Bissouma-Ledjou T, Hounkpatin B. Assessment of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Its Associated Factors during the Crisis: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Benin. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1104. [PMID: 37376493 PMCID: PMC10305180 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Having a maximum number of people vaccinated was the objective to control the COVID-19 pandemic. We report in this manuscript the factors associated with the willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 during the pandemic period. METHODS From April to May 2022, a community-based cross-sectional survey was performed. Participants were randomly selected from four districts in Benin (taking into account the COVID-19 prevalence). Mixed-effect logistic regression models were used to identify the variables associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. RESULTS A total of 2069 participants were included. The proportion of vaccine acceptance was 43.3%. A total of 24.2% were vaccinated and showed proof of vaccination. The population's request for vaccination was higher after the third epidemic wave. The district of residence, the education level, a fear of being infected, the channel of information, poor medical conditions, a good knowledge of the transmission mode and symptoms, and good behaviors were significantly associated with vaccine acceptance. CONCLUSION The overall acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in the Beninese population was relatively high. However, vaccine campaigns in areas with a low acceptance as well as the disclosure of information, particularly on our knowledge of the disease and the safety, side effects, and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines, should be strengthened with adapted and consistent messages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manfred Accrombessi
- Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- African Public Health Consulting and Research Group, Cotonou, Benin
- Cotonou Entomological Research Center, Ministry of Health, Cotonou 06 BP 2604, Benin
| | - Bayode Romeo Adegbite
- Alliance for the Promotion of Community Health, Research and Scientific Innovation, Cotonou, Benin
- Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambarene BP242, Gabon
| | - Edouard Dangbenon
- African Public Health Consulting and Research Group, Cotonou, Benin
- Cotonou Entomological Research Center, Ministry of Health, Cotonou 06 BP 2604, Benin
| | - Houssaïnatou Bah
- Country Office, World Health Organization, Cotonou 01BP 918, Benin
| | | | | | | | | | - Ange Dossou
- Ministry of Health, Cotonou 01 BP 882, Benin
| | | | | | - Benjamin Hounkpatin
- Ministry of Health, Cotonou 01 BP 882, Benin
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ncheka JM, Menon JA, Davies EB, Paul R, Mwaba SOC, Mudenda J, Wharrad H, Toutounchi P, Glazebrook C. Factors influencing COVID-19 health protective behaviours in Zambian university students with symptoms of low mood. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:336. [PMID: 36793103 PMCID: PMC9930037 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health protective behaviours are crucial in the prevention of the spread of COVID-19, particularly in university students who typically live and study in large groups. Depression and anxiety are common in students and can impact young people's motivations to follow health advice. The study aims to assess the relationship between mental health and COVID-19 health-protective behaviours in Zambian university students with symptoms of low mood. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional, online survey of Zambian university students. Participants were also invited to take part in a semi-structured interview to explore views about COVID-19 vaccination. Invitation emails were sent explaining the study aims and directed students who self-identified as having low mood in the past two weeks to an online survey. Measures included COVID-19 preventive behaviours, COVID-19-related self-efficacy, and Hospital and Anxiety Depression scale. RESULTS A total of 620 students (n=308 female, n=306 male) participated in the study, with a mean participant age of 22.47±3.29 years (range 18-51). Students reported a mean protective behaviour score of 74.09/105 and 74% scored above the threshold for possible anxiety disorder. Three-way ANOVA showed lower COVID-19 protective behaviours in students with possible anxiety disorder (p=.024) and those with low self-efficacy (p<0.001). Only 168 (27%) said they would accept vaccination against COVID-19, with male students being twice as likely to be willing to accept COVID-19 vaccination (p<0.001). Of 50 students interviewed. 30 (60%) expressed fears about the vaccination and 16 (32%) were concerned about a lack of information. Only 8 (16%) participants expressed doubts about effectiveness. CONCLUSION Students who self-identify as having symptoms of depression have high levels of anxiety. The results suggest that interventions to reduce anxiety and promote self-efficacy might enhance students' COVID-19 protective behaviours. Qualitative data provided insight into the high rates of vaccine hesitancy in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce M. Ncheka
- grid.12984.360000 0000 8914 5257Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - J. Anitha Menon
- grid.12984.360000 0000 8914 5257Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia ,grid.411365.40000 0001 2218 0143Department of International Studies, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - E Bethan Davies
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Institute of Mental Health, NIHR MindTech MedTech Co-Operative, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK ,grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ravi Paul
- grid.12984.360000 0000 8914 5257Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Sydney O. C. Mwaba
- grid.12984.360000 0000 8914 5257Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - John Mudenda
- grid.508092.60000 0004 5947 8201Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Heather Wharrad
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Parisa Toutounchi
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cris Glazebrook
- Institute of Mental Health, NIHR MindTech MedTech Co-Operative, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Azanaw J, Endalew M, Zenbaba D, Abera E, Chattu VK. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors in 13 African countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1001423. [PMID: 36761336 PMCID: PMC9903367 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the entire world, especially sub-Saharan Africa. As a result, researchers and government agencies are working to create effective COVID-19 vaccinations. While vaccination campaigns are moving rapidly in high-income nations, COVID-19 is still ruthlessly affecting people in low-income nations. However, this difference in the spread of the disease is not because of a lack of a COVID-19 vaccine but mainly due to people's reluctance. As a result, this review summarized the data on COVID-19 vaccination adoption and factors related among nations in sub-Saharan Africa. Method Comprehensive searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library databases. The risk of bias and methodological quality of each published article that fit the selection criteria were evaluated using Critical Appraisal Checklist tools. All statistical analysis was done by STATA 16. Results This review was based on 29 studies with 26,255 participants from sub-Saharan Africa. Using a random-effects model, the pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among study participants was 55.04% (95 % CI: 47.80-62.27 %), I2 = 99.55%. Being male [POR = 1.88 (95% CI: 1.45, 2.44)], having a positive attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine [POR = 5.56 (95% CI: 3.63, 8.51)], having good knowledge in the COVID-19 vaccine [POR = 4.61 (95% CI: 1.24, 8.75)], having government trust [POR = 7.10 (95% CI: 2.37, 21.32)], and having undergone COVID-19 testing in the past [POR = 4.41 (95%CI: (2.51, 7.75)] were significant predictor variables. Conclusion This analysis showed that respondents had a decreased pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. Sex, attitude, knowledge, government trust, and COVID-19 testing were statistically significantly correlated characteristics that affected the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine. All stakeholders should be actively involved in increasing the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine and thereby reducing the consequences of COVID-19. The acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination can be increased by using this conclusion as an indicator for governments, healthcare professionals, and health policymakers in their work on attitude, knowledge, government trust, and COVID-19 testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jember Azanaw
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mastewal Endalew
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Demisu Zenbaba
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Goba Referral Hospital, Madda Walabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetu Abera
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technological Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sutcliffe CG, Sinywimaanzi P, Morales J, Sianyanda M, Muleka M, Fenstermacher KZJ, Monze M, Rothman RE, Pekosz A, Thuma PE, Simulundu E. Uptake of public health measures and vaccine acceptance during the COVID-19 pandemic in rural Zambia. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2153538. [PMID: 36482701 PMCID: PMC9762779 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2153538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are effective tools to prevent COVID-19-related morbidity. However, coverage is low throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Uptake of public health measures, perceptions of COVID-19 illness and vaccines, and intention to vaccinate were evaluated in 2021-2022 in rural Zambia. Adherence to public health measures, perceptions of COVID-19 risk and severity, and vaccine acceptance increased significantly over time, particularly in December 2021, coinciding with the fourth pandemic wave and relaunch of the national vaccine campaign. Vaccine acceptance was associated with perceptions of vaccine safety and effectiveness, but not disease severity. These findings highlight the importance of strong pandemic response and public communication for increased uptake of mitigatory measures, including vaccine acceptance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G. Sutcliffe
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,CONTACT Catherine G. Sutcliffe Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E6535, Baltimore, MD21205, USA
| | | | - Juliet Morales
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mwaka Monze
- Virology Laboratory, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Richard E. Rothman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mudenda S, Mukosha M, Godman B, Fadare JO, Ogunleye OO, Meyer JC, Skosana P, Chama J, Daka V, Matafwali SK, Chabalenge B, Witika BA. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines among Secondary School Pupils in Zambia: Implications for Future Educational and Sensitisation Programmes. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:2141. [PMID: 36560551 PMCID: PMC9784903 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in the closure of schools to slow the spread of the virus across populations, and the administration of vaccines to protect people from severe disease, including school children and adolescents. In Zambia, there is currently little information on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among school-going children and adolescents despite their inclusion in the vaccination programme. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among secondary school pupils in Lusaka, Zambia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2022 to October 2022. Of the 998 participants, 646 (64.7%) were female, and 127 (12.7%) would accept to be vaccinated. Those who were willing to be vaccinated had better knowledge (68.5% vs. 56.3%) and a positive attitude (79.1% vs. 33.7%) compared to those who were hesitant. Overall, the odds of vaccine acceptance were higher among pupils who had higher knowledge scores (AOR = 11.75, 95% CI: 6.51-21.2), positive attitude scores (AOR = 9.85, 95% CI: 4.35-22.2), and those who knew a friend or relative who had died from COVID-19 (AOR = 3.27, 95% CI: 2.14-5.09). The low vaccine acceptance among pupils is of public health concern, emphasising the need for heightened sensitisation programmes that promote vaccine acceptance among pupils in Zambia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Moses Mukosha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Joseph O. Fadare
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University College of Medicine, Ado-Ekiti 362103, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti 362103, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka O. Ogunleye
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
| | - Johanna C. Meyer
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- South African Vaccination and Immunisation and Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Phumzile Skosana
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Jacob Chama
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Victor Daka
- Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola P.O. Box 71191, Zambia
| | - Scott K. Matafwali
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Billy Chabalenge
- Department of Medicines Control, Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, Lusaka P.O. Box 31890, Zambia
| | - Bwalya A. Witika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mudenda S, Mukosha M, Hikaambo CN, Meyer JC, Fadare J, Kampamba M, Kalungia AC, Munsaka S, Okoro RN, Daka V, Chileshe M, Mfune RL, Mufwambi W, Witika BA, Godman B. Awareness and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines and associated factors among pharmacy students in Zambia. Malawi Med J 2022; 34:273-280. [PMID: 38125782 PMCID: PMC10645825 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v34i4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to assess the awareness and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines and associated factors among pharmacy students in Zambia. Materials and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 326 undergraduate pharmacy students in Lusaka, Zambia, from February to April 2021. Data were analysed using Stata version 16.1. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine key factors influencing vaccine acceptance. Results Of the 326 participants, 98.8% were aware of the COVID-19 vaccines, but only 24.5% would accept vaccination. Compared to other religions, being of Christian faith was associated with reduced odds of awareness of the COVID-19 vaccine (aOR=0.01, 95% CI: 0.01-0.20). Conversely, factors associated with vaccine acceptance were being male, single and unemployed. Compared to females, male respondents were 86% more likely to accept the vaccine if it was made available (aOR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.10-3.14). In addition, unmarried respondents were 2.65 times as likely to accept vaccination than married respondents (aOR=2.65, 95% CI: 1.06-6.63). Conversely, unemployed respondents were less likely to accept vaccination than their employed counterparts (aOR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.16-0.46). Barriers to the acceptability of the vaccine were possible side effects (78.5%) and scepticism about its effectiveness (10.2%). Conclusion There was significant vaccine hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines among Zambian pharmacy students despite their awareness of the vaccines. Health authorities must work collaboratively with training institutions to mitigate vaccine hesitancy, especially with healthcare students being a key part of the future healthcare workforce overseeing disease prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steward Mudenda
- University of Zambia, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Moses Mukosha
- University of Zambia, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Johanna Catharina Meyer
- Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Joseph Fadare
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Martin Kampamba
- University of Zambia, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Sody Munsaka
- University of Zambia, School of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Roland Nnaemeka Okoro
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Victor Daka
- Copperbelt University, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Ndola, Zambia
| | | | | | - Webrod Mufwambi
- University of Zambia, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Bwalya Angel Witika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Brian Godman
- Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Centre of Medical and Bio allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mudenda S, Ngalande N, Mukosha M, Hikaambo CN, Daka V, Matafwali SK, Banda M, Mfune RL, Mayoka G, Witika BA. Knowledge and practices toward COVID-19 among healthcare students: A cross-sectional study at the University of Zambia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1028312. [PMID: 36530704 PMCID: PMC9748439 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1028312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to the disruption of physical classes for university students globally, as large gatherings fuelled the transmission of the virus. In the efforts to mitigate its transmission and return to normality, prevention measures, including vaccination, have been encouraged. Therefore, it is critical to understand the knowledge and practices of students regarding COVID-19. This study assessed the knowledge and practices toward COVID-19 among healthcare students at the University of Zambia. Materials and methods This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was carried out from August 2021 to October 2021 among 478 healthcare students (pharmacy, physiotherapy, nursing, biomedical, medicine, and radiography). We used a previously validated questionnaire to measure knowledge and practice. The predictors of knowledge and practices were assessed using logistic regression with robust estimation of standard errors. Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata/BE version 17.0. Results Of the 478 respondents, 243 (50.8%) were females. A larger proportion, 175 (36.6%) were in Pharmacy training, and 156 (32.6%) were in their fifth year of study. The overall mean knowledge score of the participants was 87.9 (SD = 16.1), being higher at 89.6 (SD = 14.3) among medical students and the lowest at 86.7 (SD = 17.1) among Pharmacy students, although this was statistically non-significant (p = 0.488). The overall mean practice score was 60.0 (SD = 24.7), being significantly higher at 63.5 (23.4) among nursing, physiotherapy and environmental students compared to other students (p = 0.048). In multivariable analysis, the participant training program was non-significantly associated with knowledge and practice toward COVID-19. However, increased age (AOR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01-1.117) and residing in urban areas (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.07-3.01) than in rural areas were associated with higher odds of good practice toward COVID-19. Conclusion The healthcare students generally showed good knowledge levels and poor practices toward COVID-19. Further, there was no evidence of a difference in knowledge of COVID-19 among healthcare students. These findings suggest the need for implementation strategies to be centered on improving the practices of students toward COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Nelly Ngalande
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Moses Mukosha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Victor Daka
- Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Scott Kaba Matafwali
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelo Banda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ruth Lindizyani Mfune
- Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Godfrey Mayoka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bwalya Angel Witika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Njoga EO, Awoyomi OJ, Onwumere-Idolor OS, Awoyomi PO, Ugochukwu ICI, Ozioko SN. Persisting Vaccine Hesitancy in Africa: The Whys, Global Public Health Consequences and Ways-Out-COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Rates as Case-in-Point. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1934. [PMID: 36423029 PMCID: PMC9697713 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is the seventh among the WHO's top 10 threats to global public health, which has continued to perpetuate the transmission of vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) in Africa. Consequently, this paper systematically reviewed COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates (VARs)-including the vaccine uptake and vaccination intention-in Africa from 2020 to 2022, compared the rates within the five African regions and determined the context-specific causes of VH in Africa. Generally, COVID-19 VARs ranged from 21.0% to 97.9% and 8.2% to 92.0% with mean rates of 59.8 ± 3.8% and 58.0 ± 2.4% in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Southern and eastern African regions had the top two VARs of 83.5 ± 6.3% and 68.9 ± 6.6% in 2021, and 64.2 ± 4.6% and 61.2 ± 5.1% in 2022, respectively. Based on population types, healthcare workers had a marginal increase in their mean COVID-19 VARs from 55.5 ± 5.6% in 2021 to 60.8 ± 5.3% in 2022. In other populations, the mean VARs decreased from 62.7 ± 5.2% in 2021 to 54.5 ± 4% in 2022. As of 25 October 2022, Africa lags behind the world with only 24% full COVID-19 vaccinations compared to 84%, 79% and 63% reported, respectively, in the Australian continent, upper-middle-income countries and globally. Apart from the problems of confidence, complacency, convenience, communications and context, the context-specific factors driving COVID-19 VH in Africa are global COVID-19 vaccine inequality, lack of vaccine production/maintenance facilities, insecurity, high illiteracy level, endemic corruption, mistrust in some political leaders, the spreading of unconfirmed anti-vaccination rumors and political instability. With an overall mean COVID-19 acceptance rate of 58%, VH still subsists in Africa. The low VARs in Africa have detrimental global public health implications, as it could facilitate the emergence of immune invading SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, which may spread globally. Consequently, there is a need to confront these challenges frontally and engage traditional and religious leaders in the fight against VH in Africa, to restore public trust in the safety and efficacy of vaccines generally. As the availability of COVID-19 vaccines improves, the vaccination of pets and zoo-animals from which reverse zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported is recommended, to limit the evolution and spread of new variants of concern and avert possible SARS-CoV-2 epizootic or panzootic diseases in susceptible animal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel O. Njoga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Olajoju J. Awoyomi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta PMB 2240, Nigeria
| | - Onyinye S. Onwumere-Idolor
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro PMB 005, Nigeria
| | - Priscilla O. Awoyomi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Iniobong C. I. Ugochukwu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universita degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Stella N. Ozioko
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ogunleye OO, Godman B, Fadare JO, Mudenda S, Adeoti AO, Yinka-Ogunleye AF, Ogundele SO, Oyawole MR, Schönfeldt M, Rashed WM, Galal AM, Masuka N, Zaranyika T, Kalungia AC, Malande OO, Kibuule D, Massele A, Chikowe I, Khuluza F, Taruvinga T, Alfadl A, Malik E, Oluka M, Opanga S, Ankrah DNA, Sefah IA, Afriyie D, Tagoe ET, Amu AA, Msibi MP, Etando A, Alabi ME, Okwen P, Niba LL, Mwita JC, Rwegerera GM, Kgatlwane J, Jairoun AA, Ejekam C, Mavenyengwa RT, Murimi-Worstell I, Campbell SM, Meyer JC. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic across Africa: Current Status of Vaccinations and Implications for the Future. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1553. [PMID: 36146631 PMCID: PMC9504201 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of effective vaccines in December 2020 marked a significant step forward in the global response to COVID-19. Given concerns with access, acceptability, and hesitancy across Africa, there is a need to describe the current status of vaccine uptake in the continent. An exploratory study was undertaken to investigate these aspects, current challenges, and lessons learnt across Africa to provide future direction. Senior personnel across 14 African countries completed a self-administered questionnaire, with a descriptive analysis of the data. Vaccine roll-out commenced in March 2021 in most countries. COVID-19 vaccination coverage varied from low in Cameroon and Tanzania and up to 39.85% full coverage in Botswana at the end of 2021; that is, all doses advocated by initial protocols versus the total population, with rates increasing to 58.4% in Botswana by the end of June 2022. The greatest increase in people being fully vaccinated was observed in Uganda (20.4% increase), Botswana (18.5% increase), and Zambia (17.9% increase). Most vaccines were obtained through WHO-COVAX agreements. Initially, vaccination was prioritised for healthcare workers (HCWs), the elderly, adults with co-morbidities, and other at-risk groups, with countries now commencing vaccination among children and administering booster doses. Challenges included irregular supply and considerable hesitancy arising from misinformation fuelled by social media activities. Overall, there was fair to reasonable access to vaccination across countries, enhanced by government initiatives. Vaccine hesitancy must be addressed with context-specific interventions, including proactive programmes among HCWs, medical journalists, and the public.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka O. Ogunleye
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 02084, South Africa
| | - Joseph O. Fadare
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti 362103, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti 360211, Nigeria
| | - Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia
| | - Adekunle O. Adeoti
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti 360211, Nigeria
| | | | - Sunday O. Ogundele
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
| | - Modupe R. Oyawole
- Department of Pharmacy, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos 100271, Nigeria
| | - Marione Schönfeldt
- Child, Youth and School Health Directorate, National Department of Health, Pretoria 0083, South Africa
| | - Wafaa M. Rashed
- Children’s Cancer Hospital, Egypt-57357 (CCHE-57357), Cairo 11441, Egypt
| | - Ahmad M. Galal
- Biomedical Research Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo 11774, Egypt
| | - Nyasha Masuka
- CIMAS, Cimas House, Borrowdale Office Park, Borrowdale Road, Harare P.O. Box 1243, Zimbabwe
| | - Trust Zaranyika
- Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare P.O. Box MP167, Zimbabwe
| | - Aubrey C. Kalungia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Oliver O. Malande
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 02084, South Africa
- Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Egerton University, Nakuru P.O.Box 536, Kenya
- East Africa Centre for Vaccines and Immunization (ECAVI), Namela House, Naguru, Kampala P.O. Box 3040, Uganda
| | - Dan Kibuule
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Busitema University, Mbale P.O. Box 236, Uganda
| | - Amos Massele
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hurbert Kairuki Memorial University, 70 Chwaku Road Mikocheni, Dar Es Salaam P.O. Box 65300, Tanzania
| | - Ibrahim Chikowe
- Pharmacy Department, Formerly College of Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHeS), Blantyre P.O. Box 278, Malawi
| | - Felix Khuluza
- Pharmacy Department, Formerly College of Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHeS), Blantyre P.O. Box 278, Malawi
| | - Tinotenda Taruvinga
- Department of Global Health and Development (GHD), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London WC1E 7TH, UK
| | - Abubakr Alfadl
- National Medicines and Poisons Board, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum P.O. Box 303, Sudan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elfatih Malik
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Margaret Oluka
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 19676-00202, Kenya
| | - Sylvia Opanga
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 19676-00202, Kenya
| | - Daniel N. A. Ankrah
- Department of Pharmacy, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra P.O. Box 77, Ghana
| | - Israel A. Sefah
- Pharmacy Practice Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe PMB 31, Ghana
| | - Daniel Afriyie
- Pharmacy Department, Ghana Police Hospital, Accra P.O. Box CT104, Ghana
| | - Eunice T. Tagoe
- Department of Management Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0QU, UK
| | - Adefolarin A. Amu
- Pharmacy Department, Eswatini Medical Christian University, P.O. Box A624, Swazi Plaza, Mbabane H100, Eswatini
| | - Mlungisi P. Msibi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Eswatini Medical Christian University, Swazi Plaza P.O. Box A624, Mbabane H100, Eswatini
| | - Ayukafangha Etando
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eswatini Medical Christian University, Swazi Plaza P.O. Box A624, Mbabane H100, Eswatini
| | - Mobolaji E. Alabi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-natal (UKZN), Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Patrick Okwen
- Effective Basic Services (eBASE) Africa, Ndamukong Street, Bamenda 5175, Cameroon
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide University, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Loveline Lum Niba
- Effective Basic Services (eBASE) Africa, Ndamukong Street, Bamenda 5175, Cameroon
- Department of Public Health, University of Bamenda, Bambili P.O. Box 39, Cameroon
| | - Julius C. Mwita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone P.O. Box 70480, Botswana
| | - Godfrey M. Rwegerera
- Department of Medicine, Sir Ketumile Masire Teaching Hospital, Gaborone P.O. Box 70480, Botswana
| | - Joyce Kgatlwane
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Botswana, Gaborone P.O. Box 70480, Botswana
| | - Ammar A. Jairoun
- Health and Safety Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai P.O. Box 67, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Chioma Ejekam
- Department of Community Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos PMB 21266, Nigeria
| | - Rooyen T. Mavenyengwa
- Medical Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare P.O. Box MP167, Zimbabwe
| | - Irene Murimi-Worstell
- School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen M. Campbell
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 02084, South Africa
- Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Johanna C. Meyer
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 02084, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mudenda S, Chomba M, Mukosha M, Daka V, Chileshe M, Okoro RN, Fadare J, Al-Fayyadh S, Munsaka S, Kampamba M, Chali J, Mfune RL, Hikaambo CN. Psychological impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on health professions students at the University of Zambia: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 42:237. [PMID: 36845241 PMCID: PMC9949304 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.42.237.34041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has negatively impacted the mental health of students across the globe. In Zambia, little is known about the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare students. This study assessed the psychological impact of COVID-19 on health professions students at the University of Zambia. Methods this cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2021 to October 2021. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with anxiety and depression among the participants. Data were analysed using Stata 16.1. Results of the 452 students, 57.5% were female, with the majority aged between 19 and 24 years. Overall, 65% (95% CI: 60.5-69.4) experienced anxiety, while 86% (95% CI: 82.7-89.3) experienced depression. Participants whose income was affected were more likely to experience anxiety (aOR; 2.09, 95% CI: 1.29-3.37) and depression (aOR; 2.87, 95% CI: 1.53-5.38). Anxiety was associated with difficulty in observing the COVID-19 preventive measures (aOR; 1.84, 95% CI: 1.21-2.81). Being depressed was associated with having a chronic condition (aOR; 3.98, 95% CI: 1.67-9.50) or a relative or friend who died from COVID-19 (aOR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.06-3.70). Conclusion many students experienced anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 third wave of infections. This calls for mitigation measures because continued anxiety and depression can affect the academic performance of students. Fortunately, most of the associated factors are modifiable and can easily be targeted when formulating interventions to reduce anxiety and depression among students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mukuka Chomba
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Moses Mukosha
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Victor Daka
- Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Misheck Chileshe
- Mary Begg Health Services, 56 Chintu Avenue, Northrise, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Roland Nnaemeka Okoro
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Fadare
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Sadeq Al-Fayyadh
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sody Munsaka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Martin Kampamba
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Josephine Chali
- Faculty of Paediatrics and Child Health, Lusaka College of Nursing, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|