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Li S, Han Y, Zhang Q, Tang D, Li J, Weng L. Comprehensive molecular analyses of an autoimmune-related gene predictive model and immune infiltrations using machine learning methods in moyamoya disease. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:991425. [PMID: 36605987 PMCID: PMC9808060 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.991425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Growing evidence suggests the links between moyamoya disease (MMD) and autoimmune diseases. However, the molecular mechanism from genetic perspective remains unclear. This study aims to clarify the potential roles of autoimmune-related genes (ARGs) in the pathogenesis of MMD. Methods: Two transcription profiles (GSE157628 and GSE141025) of MMD were downloaded from GEO databases. ARGs were obtained from the Gene and Autoimmune Disease Association Database (GAAD) and DisGeNET databases. Differentially expressed ARGs (DEARGs) were identified using "limma" R packages. GO, KEGG, GSVA, and GSEA analyses were conducted to elucidate the underlying molecular function. There machine learning methods (LASSO logistic regression, random forest (RF), support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE)) were used to screen out important genes. An artificial neural network was applied to construct an autoimmune-related signature predictive model of MMD. The immune characteristics, including immune cell infiltration, immune responses, and HLA gene expression in MMD, were explored using ssGSEA. The miRNA-gene regulatory network and the potential therapeutic drugs for hub genes were predicted. Results: A total of 260 DEARGs were identified in GSE157628 dataset. These genes were involved in immune-related pathways, infectious diseases, and autoimmune diseases. We identified six diagnostic genes by overlapping the three machine learning algorithms: CD38, PTPN11, NOTCH1, TLR7, KAT2B, and ISG15. A predictive neural network model was constructed based on the six genes and presented with great diagnostic ability with area under the curve (AUC) = 1 in the GSE157628 dataset and further validated by GSE141025 dataset. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the abundance of eosinophils, natural killer T (NKT) cells, Th2 cells were significant different between MMD and controls. The expression levels of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DMA, HLA-DRB6, HLA-F, and HLA-G were significantly upregulated in MMD. Four miRNAs (mir-26a-5p, mir-1343-3p, mir-129-2-3p, and mir-124-3p) were identified because of their interaction at least with four hub DEARGs. Conclusion: Machine learning was used to develop a reliable predictive model for the diagnosis of MMD based on ARGs. The uncovered immune infiltration and gene-miRNA and gene-drugs regulatory network may provide new insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of MMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Hydrocephalus Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Weng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Ling Weng,
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Gong H, Ni J, Xu Z, Huang J, Zhang J, Huang Y, Zeng C, Zhang X, Cheng H, Ke Y. Shp2 in myocytes is essential for cardiovascular and neointima development. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 137:71-81. [PMID: 31634485 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the PTPN11 gene, which encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2, cause Noonan syndrome and LEOPARD syndrome, inherited multifaceted diseases including cardiac and vascular defects. However, the function of Shp2 in blood vessels, especially in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), remains largely unknown. We generated mice in which Shp2 was specifically deleted in VSMCs and embryonic cardiomyocytes using the SM22α-Cre transgenic mouse line. Conditional Shp2 knockout resulted in massive hemorrhage, cardiovascular defects and embryonic lethality at the late embryonic developmental stage (embryonic date 16.5). The thinning of artery walls in Shp2-knockout embryos was due to decreased VSMC number and reduced extracellular matrix deposition. Myocyte proliferation was decreased in Shp2-knockout arteries and hearts. Importantly, cardiomyocyte-specific Shp2-knockout did not cause similar vascular defects. Shp2 was required for TGFβ1-induced expression of ECM components, including collagens in VSMCs. In addition, collagens were sufficient to promote Shp2-inefficient VSMC proliferation. Finally, Shp2 was deleted in adult mouse VSMCs by using SMMHC-CreERT2 and tamoxifen induction. Shp2 deletion dramatically inhibited the expression of ECM components, proliferation of VSMCs and neointima formation in a carotid artery ligation model. Therefore, Shp2 is required for myocyte proliferation in cardiovascular development and vascular remodeling through TGFβ1-regulated collagen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou 31300, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ni
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yizhou Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunlai Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yuehai Ke
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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3
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Chen J, Cao Z, Guan J. SHP2 inhibitor PHPS1 protects against atherosclerosis by inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:72. [PMID: 29703160 PMCID: PMC5923012 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smooth muscle cells play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. SHP2 is known to regulate the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the SHP2 inhibitor PHPS1 has a pro-atherosclerotic or an atheroprotective effect in vivo and in vitro. METHODS After exposure to a high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks, LDL receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice were exposed to the SHP2 inhibitor PHPS1 or vehicle. Body weight, serum glucose and lipid levels were determined. The size and composition of atherosclerotic plaques were measured by en face analysis, Movat staining and immunohistochemistry. The phosphorylation of SHP2 and related signaling molecules was analyzed by Western blot. Mechanistic analyses were performed in oxLDL-stimulated cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with or without 10 mM PHPS1 pretreatment. Protein phosphorylation levels were detected by Western blot, and VSMC proliferation was assessed by BrdU staining. RESULTS PHPS1 decreased the number of atherosclerotic plaques without significantly affecting body weight, serum glucose levels or lipid metabolism. Plaque composition analysis showed a significant decrease in the number of VSMCs in atherosclerotic lesions of Ldlr-/- mice treated with PHPS1. Stimulation with oxLDL induced a dose-dependent increase in the number of VSMCs and in SHP2 and ERK phosphorylation levels, and these effects were blocked by PHPS1. CONCLUSION The SHP2 inhibitor PHPS1 exerts a protective effect against atherosclerosis by reducing VSMC proliferation via SHP2/ERK pathway activation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/enzymology
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/enzymology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Benzenesulfonates/pharmacology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Hydrazones/pharmacology
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/metabolism
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Friendship Road 181, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Navy 411 Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingshu Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Friendship Road 181, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
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4
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Ghatge M, Nair J, Sharma A, Vangala RK. Integrative gene ontology and network analysis of coronary artery disease associated genes suggests potential role of ErbB pathway gene EGFR. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4253-4264. [PMID: 29328373 PMCID: PMC5802197 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of mortality in India, more importantly the young Indians. Combinatorial and integrative approaches to evaluate pathways and genes to gain an improved understanding and potential biomarkers for risk assessment are required. Therefore, 608 genes from the CADgene database version 2.0, classified into 12 functional classes representing the atherosclerotic disease process, were analyzed. Homology analysis of the unique list of gene ontologies (GO) from each functional class gave 8 GO terms represented in 11 and 10 functional classes. Using disease ontology analysis 80 genes belonging to 8 GO terms, using FunDO suggested that 29 of them were identified to be associated with CAD. Extended network analysis of these genes using STRING version 9.1 gave 328 nodes and 4,525 interactions of which the top 5% had a node degree of ≥75 associated with pathways including the ErbB signaling pathway with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene as the central hub. Evaluation of EFGR protein levels in age and gender-matched 342 CAD patients vs. 342 control subjects demonstrated significant differences [controls=149.76±2.47 pg/ml and CAD patients stratified into stable angina (SA)=161.65±3.40 pg/ml and myocardial infarction (MI)=171.51±4.26 pg/ml]. Logistic regression analysis suggested that increased EGFR levels exhibit 3-fold higher risk of CAD [odds ratio (OR) 3.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.96–6.28, P≤0.001], upon adjustment for hypertension, diabetes and smoking. A unit increase in EGFR levels increased the risk by 2-fold for SA (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.25–5.33, P=0.01) and 3.8-fold for MI (OR 3.82, 95% CI 1.94–7.52, P≤0.001) following adjustment. Thus, the use of ontology mapping and network analysis in an integrative manner aids in the prioritization of biomarkers of complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madankumar Ghatge
- Tata Proteomics and Coagulation Unit, Thrombosis Research Institute, Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560099, India
| | - Jiny Nair
- Mary and Garry Weston Functional Genomics Unit, Thrombosis Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560099, India
| | - Ankit Sharma
- Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Rajani Kanth Vangala
- Tata Proteomics and Coagulation Unit, Thrombosis Research Institute, Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560099, India
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5
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Han X, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Wang J, Yang J, Niu J. Association between phosphatase related gene variants and coronary artery disease: case-control study and meta-analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:14058-76. [PMID: 25123136 PMCID: PMC4159839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150814058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed that the serum alkaline phosphatase is an independent predictor of the coronary artery disease (CAD). In this work, we aimed to summarize the association between three phosphatase related single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs12526453, rs11066301 and rs3828329) and the risk of CAD in Han Chinese. Our results showed that the rs3828329 of the ACP1 gene was closely related to the risk of CAD in Han Chinese (OR = 1.45, p = 0.0006). This significant association of rs3828329 with CAD was only found in the females (Additive model: OR = 1.80, p = 0.001; dominant model: OR = 1.69, p = 0.03; recessive model: OR = 1.96, p = 0.0008). Moreover, rs3828329 was likely to exert its effect in females aged 65 years and older (OR = 2.27, p = 0.001). Further meta-analyses showed that the rs12526453 of PHACTR11 gene (OR = 1.14, p < 0.0001, random-effect method) and the rs11066301 of PTPN11 gene (OR = 1.15, p < 0.0001, fixed-effects method) were associated with CAD risk in multiple populations. Our results showed that the polymorphisms rs12526453 and rs11066301 are significantly associated with the CAD risk in multiple populations. The rs3828329 of ACP1 gene is also a risk factor of CAD in Han Chinese females aged 65 years and older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Han
- Department of Cardiology, Laiwu People's Hospital, Laiwu 271100, China.
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laiwu People's Hospital, Laiwu 271100, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laiwu People's Hospital, Laiwu 271100, China.
| | - Zengtang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laiwu People's Hospital, Laiwu 271100, China.
| | - Jianchun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250000, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China.
| | - Jiamin Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Laiwu People's Hospital, Laiwu 271100, China.
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G-CSF receptor activation of the Src kinase Lyn is mediated by Gab2 recruitment of the Shp2 phosphatase. Blood 2011; 118:1077-86. [PMID: 21636860 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-12-261636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Src activation involves the coordinated regulation of positive and negative tyrosine phosphorylation sites. The mechanism whereby receptor tyrosine kinases, cytokine receptors, and integrins activate Src is not known. Here, we demonstrate that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) activates Lyn, the predominant Src kinase in myeloid cells, through Gab2-mediated recruitment of Shp2. After G-CSF stimulation, Lyn dynamically associates with Gab2 in a spatiotemporal manner. The dephosphorylation of phospho-Lyn Tyr507 was abrogated in Shp2-deficient cells transfected with the G-CSF receptor but intact in cells expressing phosphatase-defective Shp2. Auto-phosphorylation of Lyn Tyr396 was impaired in cells treated with Gab2 siRNA. The constitutively activated Shp2E76A directed the dephosphorylation of phospho-Lyn Tyr507 in vitro. Tyr507 did not undergo dephosphorylation in G-CSF-stimulated cells expressing a mutant Gab2 unable to bind Shp2. We propose that Gab2 forms a complex with Lyn and after G-CSF stimulation, Gab2 recruits Shp2, which dephosphorylates phospho-Lyn Tyr507, leading to Lyn activation.
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7
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Won KJ, Lee HM, Lee CK, Lin HY, Na H, Lim KW, Roh HY, Sim S, Song H, Choi WS, Lee SH, Kim B. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-2 Is Positively Involved in Platelet-Derived Growth Factor–Signaling in Vascular Neointima Formation via the Reactive Oxygen Species–Related Pathway. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 115:164-175. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10250fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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8
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Kandadi MR, Stratton MS, Ren J. The role of Src homology 2 containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 in vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:1277-83. [PMID: 20871619 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) perform essential smooth muscle contractile and synthetic functions including migration, differentiation and proliferation under physiological and pathological conditions. In response to pathological stimuli, VMSCs undergo phenotypic change resulting in abnormal migration and proliferation, which may contribute to a "pathogenesis-like" atherosclerosis. Intracellular signaling mechanisms governing this phenotypic switch are of great significance not only for better understanding of atherosclerotic plaque formation but also for strategy for pertinent therapeutic remedies. Src Homology 2 Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a ubiquitous tyrosine phosphatase containing Src Homology 2 domains which plays major biological functions in response to various growth factors, hormones or cytokines. In particular, SHP2 is implicated in cell signaling pathways controlling cell cycle progression, growth and migration. In this review we will mainly discuss the recent literature demonstrating the role of SHP2 in VSMC migration and proliferation.
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9
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Kimura K, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II type-1 receptor regulates RhoA and Rho-kinase/ROCK activation via multiple mechanisms. Focus on "Angiotensin II induces RhoA activation through SHP2-dependent dephosphorylation of the RhoGAP p190A in vascular smooth muscle cells". Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 297:C1059-61. [PMID: 19741194 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00399.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Kiyan J, Haller H, Dumler I. The tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 controls urokinase-dependent signaling and functions in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:1029-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Seki N, Hashimoto N, Taira M, Yagi S, Yoshida Y, Ishikawa K, Suzuki Y, Sano H, Horiuchi S, Yoshida S, Sakurai K, Yagui K, Makino H, Saito Y. Regulation of Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase by advanced glycation end products: the role on atherosclerosis in diabetes. Metabolism 2007; 56:1591-8. [PMID: 17950112 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), among the most important causes of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus, stimulate the proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Smooth muscle cells are central in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions, where they show both increased migration and accelerated proliferation. In investigating how AGEs stimulate SMC proliferation, we focused on protein tyrosine phosphatase, especially Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2), which is considered important in regulating cell proliferation. Advanced glycation end products increased activity of SHP2 in the membrane fraction of rat aortic SMCs compared with control bovine serum albumin (P < .05). Upon characterizing the genomic and promoter structure of SHP2, we detected nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding sites in the promoter area. Advanced glycation end product stimulation increased luciferase activity in cells transfected with SHP2 promoter region including NF-kappaB binding sites (P < .05) and increased SHP2 expression (P < .05). These data indicate that AGE stimulation appears to activate NF-kappaB. Activated NF-kappaB binds to sites on the SHP2 promoter, resulting in increased SHP2 expression, SHP2 activity, and, ultimately, SMC proliferation. It suggests that AGE stimulation induces SMC proliferation via SHP2, underscoring the importance of control of AGE for suppressing macroangiopathy in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Seki
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization, Chiba-East National Hospital, Chiba 260-8712, Japan
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12
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Chong ZZ, Maiese K. The Src homology 2 domain tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2: diversified control of cell growth, inflammation, and injury. Histol Histopathol 2007; 22:1251-67. [PMID: 17647198 PMCID: PMC2515712 DOI: 10.14670/hh-22.1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the diverse biology of protein tyrosine phosphatases that are encoded by more than 100 genes in the human genome continues to grow at an accelerated pace. In particular, two cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatases composed of two Src homology 2 (SH2) NH2-terminal domains and a C-terminal protein-tyrosine phosphatase domain referred to as SHP-1 and SHP-2 are known to govern a host of cellular functions. SHP-1 and SHP-2 modulate progenitor cell development, cellular growth, tissue inflammation, and cellular chemotaxis, but more recently the role of SHP-1 and SHP-2 to directly control cell survival involving oxidative stress pathways has come to light. SHP-1 and SHP-2 are fundamental for the function of several growth factor and metabolic pathways yielding far reaching implications for disease pathways and disorders such as diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Although SHP-1 and SHP-2 can employ similar or parallel cellular pathways, these proteins also clearly exert opposing effects upon downstream cellular cascades that affect early and late apoptotic programs. SHP-1 and SHP-2 modulate cellular signals that involve phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, Janus kinase 2, signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins, mitogen-activating protein kinases, extracellular signal-related kinases, c-Jun-amino terminal kinases, and nuclear factor-kappaB. Our progressive understanding of the impact of SHP-1 and SHP-2 upon multiple cellular environments and organ systems should continue to facilitate the targeted development of treatments for a variety of disease entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Z Chong
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cerebral Ischemia, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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13
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Burks J, Agazie YM. Modulation of alpha-catenin Tyr phosphorylation by SHP2 positively effects cell transformation induced by the constitutively active FGFR3. Oncogene 2006; 25:7166-79. [PMID: 16767162 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Src homology 2 phosphotyrosyl phosphatase (SHP2) is a nonreceptor-type phosphatase that acts as a positive transducer of receptor Tyr kinase (RTK) signaling, particularly the Ras-REK and PI3K-Akt pathways. Recently, we have demonstrated that SHP2 is required for cell transformation induced by the constitutively active fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (K/E-FR3) (Oncogene, 22, 6909-6918). In that study, we had detected a phosphotyrosyl protein of approximately 100 KDa (p100) in cells expressing dominant-negative SHP2 (R/E-SHP2), but its identity and relevance in SHP2-meditaed transformation was not known. Here, we report the identification of p100 as alpha-catenin, a vinculin-related protein involved in adherens junction-mediated intercellular adhesion. We show that alpha-catenin becomes Tyr phosphorylated in intercellular adhesion-dependent manner and this event is counteracted by SHP2. Substrate trapping in intact cells and immunocomplex phosphatse assays confirmed that alpha-catenin is in deed an SHP2 substrate. Tyr phosphorylation of alpha-catenin enhances its translocation to the plasma membrane and its interaction with beta-catenin, leading to enhanced actin polymerization and stabilization of adherens junction-mediated intercellular adhesion, a phenomenon commensurate with loss of the transformation phenotype. Site-directed mutagenesis studies also suggested that Tyr phosphorylation of alpha-catenin enhances its inhibitory role on cell transformation. Based on our previous work and the current report, we demonstrate that mediation of cell transformation by SHP2 is a complex process that involves modulation of the Ras-ERK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, intercellular adhesion, focal adhesion and actin cytoskeletal reorganization. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing regulation of alpha-catenin function by Tyr phosphorylation and its inhibitory effect on cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Burks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Robert C Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9142, USA
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14
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Furuse Y, Hashimoto N, Maekawa M, Toyama Y, Nakao A, Iwamoto I, Sakurai K, Suzuki Y, Yagui K, Yuasa S, Toshimori K, Saito Y. Activation of the Smad Pathway in Glomeruli from a Spontaneously Diabetic Rat Model, OLETF Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 98:e100-8. [PMID: 15528945 DOI: 10.1159/000080685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2003] [Accepted: 06/11/2004] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) mediates the excess accumulation of extracellular matrix in the diabetic kidney. Smad family proteins have been identified as signal transducers for the TGF-beta superfamily. We sought to characterize the role of Smad proteins in mediating TGF-beta responses in the development of diabetic nephropathy. METHODS We evaluated the time course of TGF-beta1 fibronectin, Smad2 and Smad3 protein expression and Smad3 activation in glomeruli from spontaneously diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The glomeruli of diabetic OLETF rats showed not only accelerated activation of Smad3, but also enhanced protein expression of Smad2 and Smad3, which occurred in parallel to the increased expression of TGF-beta and fibronectin compared with glomeruli of control, Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats at 30 weeks of age. No differences were found in TGF-beta1 fibronectin, Smad2 and Smad3 protein expression and Smad3 activation in glomeruli between the two strains at 12 weeks of age when OLETF rats were not diabetic. CONCLUSIONS The enhancement of Smad protein expression and activation may be involved in the TGF-beta signaling cascade that plays an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy through progressive expansion of the mesangial matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Furuse
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Dixit M, Zhuang D, Ceacareanu B, Hassid A. Treatment With Insulin Uncovers the Motogenic Capacity of Nitric Oxide in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. Circ Res 2003; 93:e113-23. [PMID: 14551245 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000100391.98425.bb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to the antimotogenic effect of NO in dedifferentiated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), we have reported that NO stimulates the motility of differentiated cultured VSMC isolated from adult rats. This process involves upregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2, followed by downregulation of RhoA activity. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that insulin alters the motogenic phenotype of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells exposed to NO from inhibition to stimulation of cell motility. We demonstrate for the first time that NO stimulates the motility of VSMCs cultured for several days in the presence but not the absence of insulin. Moreover, we show that NO blocks PDGF-induced cell motility in insulin-naive but not in insulin-treated cells. We also demonstrate that the scaffold adapter protein Gab1, considered a physiological activator of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2, increases cell motility in the presence but not the absence of insulin. In cells cultured in the presence of insulin, overexpression of Gab1 mimics, whereas a dominant-negative allele of Gab1 (Gab1YF) blocks, the motility-stimulatory effect of NO. Cotransfection experiments with dominant-negative Gab1 and wild-type SHP2 or wild-type Gab1 and dominant-negative SHP2 indicate that the two proteins work together as a functional unit to induce motility. Because chronic insulin can increase the levels of phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase in several models of hyperinsulinemia, we also tested the potential involvement of this enzyme in mechanisms leading to increased cell motility. We found that the motogenic effect of NO, Gab1, and SHP2 was blocked by the selective PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002, suggesting a requirement of PI3 kinase in mediating motogenesis. These observations may be relevant to molecular mechanisms related to the pathogenesis of vascular disease in hyperinsulinemic diabetes. The full text of this article is available online at http://www.circresaha.org.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Movement/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Genes, Dominant
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/pharmacology
- Nitric Oxide Donors/pharmacology
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Time Factors
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulika Dixit
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn, USA
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Bolz SS, Pohl U. Highly effective non-viral gene transfer into vascular smooth muscle cells of cultured resistance arteries demonstrated by genetic inhibition of sphingosine-1-phosphate-induced vasoconstriction. J Vasc Res 2003; 40:399-405. [PMID: 12913332 DOI: 10.1159/000072830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2003] [Accepted: 05/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The linkage of vascular genes to specific functions will lead to a better understanding of cardiovascular pathophysiology. We developed an experimental model that enables the introduction of one or multiple gene(s) into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of isolated resistance arteries. Exposure of the arteries to a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-encoding plasmid in combination with the transfectant Effectene((R)) for 20 h resulted in the expression of GFP in virtually all VSMCs in the arterial wall at fully preserved vascular function. For functional validation of the model, plasmids encoding the specific RhoA inhibitors C3 transferase or N19RhoA were transfected. In subsequent functional tests, inhibition of RhoA-dependent constriction induced by sphingosine-1-phosphate was similar to that in arteries treated with exogenous C3 transferase protein or the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632. Responses to norepinephrine remained unaffected. This novel transfection technique enables gene function to be assessed in direct conjunction with signalling pathways in vascular tissue and provides, therefore, a new tool for microvascular proteomics.
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