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Altunova M, Karakayali M, Yildirim Karakan C, Tükenmez Karakurt S, Demirci G, Aslan S, Guler A, Evsen A, Erturk M. The relationship between plasma atherogenic index and long-term outcomes after endovascular intervention in superficial femoral artery lesions. Vascular 2024; 32:310-319. [PMID: 37540809 DOI: 10.1177/17085381231193494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) results from the systemic atherosclerotic process. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between plasma atherogenic index (AIP), a ratio of molar concentrations of triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol, and long-term outcomes after endovascular therapy (EVT) in patients with superficial femoral artery (SFA) stenosis. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 673 patients who underwent EVT for PAD in our tertiary center between January 2015 and December 2020. In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the AIP value with the optimum cutoff value was determined as 0.576 to detect the presence of major adverse limb events (MALEs). Patients were divided into two groups according to low AIP (<0.576 as group 1) and high AIP (>0.576 as group 2). RESULTS Among the major endpoints, long-term restenosis rates were significantly higher in patients in the high-AIP group than in the low-AIP group (p<.001). The lower extremity amputation rate was not statistically significant between the two groups. All-cause mortality rate (54 (31.6) versus 117 (68.4), p<.001) was significantly higher in patients in the high-AIP group than in the low-AIP group. In addition, the MALE rate (94 (29.2) versus 218 (62.1), p<.001) was significantly higher in patients in the high-AIP group than in those in the low-AIP group. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we found that AIP is a significant independent predictor of long-term MALE in patients who underwent EVT for SFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Altunova
- Department of Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muammer Karakayali
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Ceren Yildirim Karakan
- Department of Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Tükenmez Karakurt
- Department of Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Demirci
- Department of Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Aslan
- Department of Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arda Guler
- Department of Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Evsen
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erturk
- Department of Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Capece U, Pavanello C, Cinti F, Leccisotti L, Mezza T, Ciccarelli G, Moffa S, Di Giuseppe G, Soldovieri L, Brunetti M, Giordano A, Giaccari A, Calabresi L, Ossoli A. Dapagliflozin-Induced Myocardial Flow Reserve Improvement is not Associated with HDL Ability to Stimulate Endothelial Nitric Oxide Production. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:257-268. [PMID: 37883003 PMCID: PMC10786750 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have shown controversial results in modulating plasma lipids in clinical trials. Most studies found slight increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol but few have provided evidence on HDL functionality with disappointing results. However, there is broad agreement that these drugs provide cardiovascular protection through several mechanisms. Our group demonstrated that dapagliflozin improves myocardial flow reserve (MFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with coronary artery disease (CAD). The underlying mechanisms are still unknown, although in vitro studies have suggested the involvement of nitric oxide (NO). AIM To investigate changes in HDL-mediated modulation of NO production with dapagliflozin and whether there is an association with MFR. METHODS Sixteen patients with CAD-T2D were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to dapagliflozin or placebo for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected before and after treatment for each group. The ability of HDL to stimulate NO production in endothelial cells was tested in vitro by incubating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with apoB-depleted (apoB-D) serum of these patients. The production of NO was assessed by fluorescent assay, and results were expressed as fold versus untreated cells. RESULTS Change in HDL-mediated NO production remained similar in dapagliflozin and placebo group, even after adjustment for confounders. There were no significant correlations between HDL-mediated NO production and MFR either at baseline or after treatment. No changes were found in HDL cholesterol in either group, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol) significantly decreased compared to baseline only in treatment group (p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS In patients with T2D-CAD, beneficial effects of dapagliflozin on coronary microcirculation seem to be unrelated to HDL functions. However, HDL capacity to stimulate NO production is not impaired at baseline; thus, the effect of drug treatments would be negligible. To conclude, we can assume that HDL-independent molecular pathways are involved in the improvement of MFR in this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT No. 2016-003614-27; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03313752.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Capece
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Centro Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cinti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Leccisotti
- Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, UOC di Medicina Nucleare, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Mezza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gea Ciccarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Moffa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Giuseppe
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Soldovieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giordano
- Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, UOC di Medicina Nucleare, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giaccari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Centro Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Centro Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Ossoli
- Centro Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Chen J, Wu K, Cao W, Shao J, Huang M. Association between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and multi-vessel coronary artery disease: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:121. [PMID: 37553680 PMCID: PMC10408165 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease (MV-CAD) have poorer clinical outcomes than those with single-vessel coronary artery disease (SV-CAD). Solid evidence underlines that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) plays a protective role and monocyte plays a negative role in coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) has not been studied in relation to MV-CAD. METHODS In this study, 640 patients underwent coronary angiography, of whom 225 had severe coronary artery disease. Then divide the above two groups of patients into three groups based on the MHR tertiles, respectively. Logistic regression and subgroup analysis were carried out to estimate the association between MHR and MV-CAD. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was constructed by combining classic CAD risk factors with MHR in response to MV-CAD. In addition, the mediating effect of MHR between smoking and MV-CAD in suspected CAD Patients was analyzed. RESULTS Among the three MHR groups, a statistically discrepant was observed in the number of patients with CAD, Severe-CAD and MV-CAD (PCAD < 0.001; PSevere-CAD < 0.001; PMV-CAD = 0.001) in suspected CAD patients. Furthermore, the number of patients with MV-CAD (P < 0.001) was different in Severe-CAD patients among three MHR groups. Non-CAD and CAD patients showed statistically discrepant in MHR levels (P < 0.001), and this difference also was observed between SV-CAD and MV-CAD patients (P < 0.001). In the analysis of suspected CAD patients, a significantly positive relationship was found between MHR and CAD, Severe-CAD, and MV-CAD (P for trend < 0.001). The effect of MHR on MV-CAD was consistent across all subgroups, with no significant randomized factor-by-subgroup interaction (P-interaction = 0.17-0.89). ROC analysis showed that the model constructed with MHR and classic influencing factors of CAD was superior to the model constructed solely based on classic influencing factors of CAD (0.742 vs.0.682, P = 0.002). In the analysis of Severe-CAD patients, patients with higher MHR levels had a higher risk of MV-CAD [OR (95%CI): 2.90 (1.49, 5.62), P for trend = 0.002] compared to patients with lower MHR. The trends persisted after adjusting for demographic (P for trend = 0.004) and classic influencing factors of CAD (P for trend = 0.009). All subgroup factors for patients with MV-CAD had no interaction with MHR (P-interaction = 0.15-0.86). ROC analysis showed that the model combining MHR and classic influencing factors of CAD was superior to the one including only the classic influencing factors of CAD (0.716 vs.0.650, P = 0.046). Assuming that MHR played a mediating effect between smoking and MV-CAD in suspected CAD patients. The results indicated that MHR played a partial mediating effect of 0.48 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION A higher MHR was mainly associated with multi-vessel coronary artery disease and MHR partially mediated the association between smoking and MV-CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yongzhong Street, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kangxiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yongzhong Street, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanchun Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yongzhong Street, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianan Shao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yongzhong Street, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingyuan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yongzhong Street, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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Souza GHDPE, Silva LD, Vieira DA, Rocha GA, Lima AS, Vidigal PVT. HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATIC NECROINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2023; 60:287-299. [PMID: 37792757 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.230302023-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
•HDL cholesterol levels <60 mg/dL were independently associated with necroinflammatory activity in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). •CHC patients with hypertension are at an increased risk of developing necroinflammatory activity. •In patients with CHC, liver fibrosis was independently associated with old age, steatosis, and HDL-C <60 mg/dL. •Triglycerides levels ≥150 mg/dL were associated with lobular inflammatory activity in patients with CHC. Background - Approximately 71 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide. A significant number of these individuals will develop liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Beyond the liver, there is a sizeable body of scientific evidence linking cardiovascular disease and chronic hepatitis C (CHC); however, the biological mechanisms behind the concurrence of these conditions have not been completely clarified yet. Objective - To evaluate associations between hepatic histology, clinical comorbidities and lipid profile in patients with CHC. To investigate associations between liver histology and demographic, nutritional, biochemical and virological parameters. Methods - Eight-five patients with CHC prospectively underwent hepatic biopsy. Liver fragments were obtained from each patient by percutaneous route using a Menghini needle. Fibrosis was evaluated according to the METAVIR scoring system, as follows: F0, no fibrosis; F1, fibrous portal expansion; F2, fibrous portal widening with few septa; F3, bridging fibrosis with architectural distortion; and F4, liver cirrhosis. The activity was classified based on the degree of lymphocyte infiltration and hepatocyte necrosis, from A0 to A3. The diagnosis of liver disease was based on clinical, biochemical, histological, and radiological methods. The data were analyzed by logistic regression models. Results - This cross-sectional study included 85 outpatients followed at the tertiary care ambulatory centre with a mean age of 57.2±10.7 years and 45 (52.9%) were females. There were 10 patients with cirrhosis. Patients with a METAVIR F3-F4 were significantly older (P=0.02) and had higher levels of ALT (P=0.0006), AST (P<0.0001), γ-GT (P=0.03) and bilirubin (P=0.001) and higher prothrombin time than patients with F0-F2 score. Albumin levels (P=0.01) were significantly lower in METAVIR F3-F4. Age (OR=1.09; 95%CI=1.02-1.16; P=0.02), steatosis (OR=4.03; 95%CI=1.05-15.45; P=0.04) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <60 mg/dL (OR=7.67; 95%CI=1.71-34.49; P=0.008) were independently associated with fibrosis. Hypertension (OR=6.36; 95%CI=1.31-30.85; P=0.02) and HDL-C <60 mg/dL (OR=9.85; 95%CI=2.35-41.39; P=0.002) were independently associated with necroinflammatory activity. Hypertension (OR=6.94; 95%CI=1.92-25.05; P=0.003) and HDL-C <60 mg/dL (OR=3.94; 95%CI=1.27-12.3; P=0.02) were associated with interface inflammatory activity. Triglycerides (TG ≥150 mg/dL) remained associated with lobular inflammatory activity. Conclusion - cholesterol levels <60 mg/dL were independently associated with necroinflammatory activity in chronic hepatitis C. Patients with hypertension are at an increased risk of developing necroinflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Henrique De Puy E Souza
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Luciana Diniz Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Diego Alves Vieira
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Acadêmico de Medicina, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Gifone Aguiar Rocha
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Bacteriologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Agnaldo Soares Lima
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Hospital das Clínicas, Serviço de Transplantes, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Paula Vieira Teixeira Vidigal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Pavanello C, Ossoli A. HDL and chronic kidney disease. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2023; 52:9-17. [PMID: 37193017 PMCID: PMC10182177 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations are a typical trait of the dyslipidemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this condition, plasma HDLs are characterized by alterations in structure and function, and these particles can lose their atheroprotective functions, e.g., the ability to promote cholesterol efflux from peripheral cells, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory proprieties and they can even become dysfunctional, i.e., exactly damaging. The reduction in plasma HDL-C levels appears to be the only lipid alteration clearly linked to the progression of renal disease in CKD patients. The association between the HDL system and CKD development and progression is also supported by the presence of genetic kidney alterations linked to HDL metabolism, including mutations in the APOA1, APOE, APOL and LCAT genes. Among these, renal disease associated with LCAT deficiency is well characterized and lipid abnormalities detected in LCAT deficiency carriers mirror the ones observed in CKD patients, being present also in acquired LCAT deficiency. This review summarizes the major alterations in HDL structure and function in CKD and how genetic alterations in HDL metabolism can be linked to kidney dysfunction. Finally, the possibility of targeting the HDL system as possible strategy to slow CKD progression is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Ossoli
- Corresponding author. Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti, 9, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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Rani A, Marsche G. A Current Update on the Role of HDL-Based Nanomedicine in Targeting Macrophages in Cardiovascular Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1504. [PMID: 37242746 PMCID: PMC10221824 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are complex endogenous nanoparticles involved in important functions such as reverse cholesterol transport and immunomodulatory activities, ensuring metabolic homeostasis and vascular health. The ability of HDL to interact with a plethora of immune cells and structural cells places it in the center of numerous disease pathophysiologies. However, inflammatory dysregulation can lead to pathogenic remodeling and post-translational modification of HDL, rendering HDL dysfunctional or even pro-inflammatory. Monocytes and macrophages play a critical role in mediating vascular inflammation, such as in coronary artery disease (CAD). The fact that HDL nanoparticles have potent anti-inflammatory effects on mononuclear phagocytes has opened new avenues for the development of nanotherapeutics to restore vascular integrity. HDL infusion therapies are being developed to improve the physiological functions of HDL and to quantitatively restore or increase the native HDL pool. The components and design of HDL-based nanoparticles have evolved significantly since their initial introduction with highly anticipated results in an ongoing phase III clinical trial in subjects with acute coronary syndrome. The understanding of mechanisms involved in HDL-based synthetic nanotherapeutics is critical to their design, therapeutic potential and effectiveness. In this review, we provide a current update on HDL-ApoA-I mimetic nanotherapeutics, highlighting the scope of treating vascular diseases by targeting monocytes and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alankrita Rani
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
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7
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HDL-Associated Proteins in Subjects with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Proteomic Study. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060855. [PMID: 36980195 PMCID: PMC10047209 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Serum lipoproteins, with the exception of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), are increased in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and their levels may reflect the associated obesity and insulin resistance, but the nature of this association is not fully explained. Therefore, proteomic analysis of key proteins in lipoprotein metabolism was performed. Methods. In this cohort study, plasma was collected from 234 women (137 with PCOS and 97 controls without PCOS). Somalogic proteomic analysis was undertaken for the following 19 proteins involved in lipoprotein, and particularly HDL, metabolism: alpha-1-antichymotrypsin; alpha-1-antitrypsin; apolipoproteins A-1, B, D, E, E2, E3, E4, L1, and M; clusterin; complement C3; hemopexin; heparin cofactor II; kininogen-1; serum amyloid A-1; amyloid beta A-4; and paraoxonase-1. Results. The levels of apolipoprotein E were higher in PCOS (p = 0.012). However, the other isoforms of ApoE, ApoE2, E3, and E4, did not differ when compared with controls. ApoM was lower in PCOS (p = 0.000002). Complement C3 was higher in PCOS (p = 0.037), as was heparin cofactor II (HCFII) (p = 0.0004). The levels of the other proteins associated with lipoprotein metabolism did not differ between PCOS and controls. Conclusions. These data contribute to the concern of the deleterious dyslipidemia found in PCOS, with the novel combination reported here of higher levels of ApoE, C3 and HCFII together with lower ApoM. The dysregulation of these proteins could circumvent the protective effect of HDL-C and contribute to a more atherogenic profile that may increase cardiovascular risk.
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Ossoli A, Minicocci I, Turri M, Di Costanzo A, D'Erasmo L, Bini S, Montavoci L, Veglia F, Calabresi L, Arca M. Genetically determined deficiency of ANGPTL3 does not alter HDL ability to preserve endothelial homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159263. [PMID: 36521735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with loss-of-function mutations in the ANGPTL3 gene express a rare lipid phenotype called Familial Combined Hypolipidemia (FHBL2). FHBL2 individuals show reduced plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides as well as of lipoprotein particles, including HDL. This feature is particularly remarkable in homozygotes in whom ANGPTL3 in blood is completely absent. ANGPTL3 acts as a circulating inhibitor of LPL and EL and it is thought that EL hyperactivity is the cause of plasma HDL reduction in FHBL2. Nevertheless, the consequences of ANGTPL3 deficiency on HDL functionality have been poorly explored. In this report, HDL isolated from homozygous and heterozygous FHBL2 individuals were evaluated for their ability to preserve endothelial homeostasis as compared to control HDL. It was found that only the complete absence of ANGPTL3 alters HDL subclass distribution, as homozygous, but not heterozygous, carriers have reduced content of large and increased content of small HDL with no alterations in HDL2 and HDL3 size. The plasma content of preβ-HDL was reduced in carriers and showed a positive correlation with plasma ANGPTL3 levels. Changes in composition did not however alter the functionality of FHBL2 HDL, as particles isolated from carriers retained their capacity to promote NO production and to inhibit VCAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. Furthermore, no significant changes in circulating levels of soluble ICAM-1 and E-selectin were detected in carriers. These results indicate that changes in HDL composition associated with the partial or complete absence of ANGPTL3 did not alter some of the potentially anti-atherogenic functions of these lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ossoli
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Ilenia Minicocci
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Turri
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Costanzo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura D'Erasmo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Bini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Montavoci
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Calabresi
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Arca
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Ossoli A, Cetti F, Gomaraschi M. Air Pollution: Another Threat to HDL Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010317. [PMID: 36613760 PMCID: PMC9820244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated a positive association between exposure to air pollutants and the incidence of cardiovascular disease, with the strongest evidence for particles with a diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5). Therefore, air pollution has been included among the modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular outcomes as cardiovascular mortality, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Interestingly, the adverse effects of air pollution are more pronounced at higher levels of exposure but were also shown in countries with low levels of air pollution, indicating no apparent safe threshold. It is generally believed that exposure to air pollution in the long-term can accelerate atherosclerosis progression by promoting dyslipidemia, hypertension, and other metabolic disorders due to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Regarding high density lipoproteins (HDL), the impact of air pollution on plasma HDL-cholesterol levels is still debated, but there is accumulating evidence that HDL function can be impaired. In particular, the exposure to air pollution has been variably associated with a reduction in their cholesterol efflux capacity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, and ability to promote the release of nitric oxide. Further studies are needed to fully address the impact of various air pollutants on HDL functions and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for HDL dysfunction.
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10
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Dietrich E, Jomard A, Osto E. Crosstalk between high-density lipoproteins and endothelial cells in health and disease: Insights into sex-dependent modulation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:989428. [PMID: 36304545 PMCID: PMC9594152 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.989428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Intense research in vascular biology has advanced our knowledge of molecular mechanisms of its onset and progression until complications; however, several aspects of the patho-physiology of atherosclerosis remain to be further elucidated. Endothelial cell homeostasis is fundamental to prevent atherosclerosis as the appearance of endothelial cell dysfunction is considered the first pro-atherosclerotic vascular modification. Physiologically, high density lipoproteins (HDLs) exert protective actions for vessels and in particular for ECs. Indeed, HDLs promote endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation, contribute to the regulation of vascular lipid metabolism, and have immune-modulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Sex- and gender-dependent differences are increasingly recognized as important, although not fully elucidated, factors in cardiovascular health and disease patho-physiology. In this review, we highlight the importance of sex hormones and sex-specific gene expression in the regulation of HDL and EC cross-talk and their contribution to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dietrich
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Jomard
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Osto
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Body Mass Index Modulates the Impact of Short-Term Exposure to Air Particulate Matter on High-Density Lipoprotein Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101938. [PMID: 36290661 PMCID: PMC9598765 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Air particulate matter (PM) exposure has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, especially in obesity. By triggering inflammation and oxidative stress, PM could impact atheroprotection by high-density lipoproteins (HDL). The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between short-term exposure to PM and HDL function, and the modifying effect of body mass index (BMI). Daily exposures to PM10 and PM2.5 of 50 subjects with overweight/obesity and 41 healthy volunteers with BMI < 30 kg/m2 were obtained from fixed monitoring stations. HDL function was assessed as promotion of nitric oxide (NO) release by endothelial cells and reduction in cholesterol in macrophages. HDL-induced NO release progressively declined with the increase in BMI. No association was found between HDL function and PM exposure, but a modifying effect of BMI was observed. The positive association between PM10 exposure at day −1 and NO production found at normal BMI values was lost in participants with higher BMI. Similar results were obtained for the reduction in macrophage cholesterol. The loss of the compensatory response of HDL function to PM exposure at increasing BMI levels could contribute to the endothelial dysfunction induced by PM and help to explain the susceptibility of subjects with obesity to air pollution.
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12
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Kebalo AH, Gizaw ST, Gnanasekaran N, Areda BG. Lipid and Haematologic Profiling of Regular Blood Donors Revealed Health Benefits. J Blood Med 2022; 13:385-394. [PMID: 35814282 PMCID: PMC9270008 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s367990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objective Materials and Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbul H Kebalo
- Department Medical Biochemistry, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon T Gizaw
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Solomon T Gizaw, Tel +251911731148, Email
| | - Natesan Gnanasekaran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bilisuma G Areda
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
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13
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Deng S, Liu J, Niu C. HDL and Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein (CETP). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1377:13-26. [PMID: 35575918 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-1592-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) is important clinically and is one of the major targets in cardiovascular disease studies. With high conformational flexibility, its tunnel structure allows unforced movement of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), VLDLs, and LDLs. Research in reverse cholesterol transports (RCT) reveals that the regulation of CETP activity can change the concentration of cholesteryl esters (CE) in HDLs, VLDLs, and LDLs. These molecular insights demonstrate the mechanisms of CETP activities and manifest the correlation between CETP and HDL. However, animal and cell experiments focused on CETP give controversial results. Inhibiting CETP is found to be beneficial to anti-atherosclerosis in terms of increasing plasma HDL-C, while it is also claimed that CETP weakens atherosclerosis formation by promoting RCT. Currently, the CETP-related drugs are still immature. Research on CETP inhibitors is targeted at improving efficacy and minimizing adverse reactions. As for CETP agonists, research has proved that they also can be used to resist atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Deng
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Chenguang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Resources Translation, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.
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14
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Ossoli A, Giorgio E, Cetti F, Ruscica M, Rabacchi C, Tarugi P, Parini P, Pedrelli M, Gomaraschi M. HDL-mediated reduction of cholesterol content inhibits the proliferation of prostate cancer cells induced by LDL: Role of ABCA1 and proteasome inhibition. Biofactors 2022; 48:707-717. [PMID: 35579277 PMCID: PMC9325382 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are well known for their atheroprotective function, mainly due to their ability to remove cell cholesterol and to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Through the same mechanisms HDL could also affect the development and progression of tumors. Cancer cells need cholesterol to proliferate, especially in hormone-dependent tumors, as prostate cancer (PCa). Aim of the study was to investigate the ability of HDL to modulate cholesterol content and metabolism in androgen receptor (AR)-positive and AR-null PCa cell lines and the consequences on cell proliferation. HDL inhibited colony formation of LNCaP and PC3 cells. HDL reduced cell cholesterol content and proliferation of LNCaP cells loaded with low-density lipoproteins but were not effective on PC3 cells. Here, the expression of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) was markedly reduced due to proteasome degradation. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, restored ABCA1 expression and HDL ability to promote cholesterol removal from PC3; consequently, HDL inhibited the proliferation of PC3 cells induced by LDL only after bortezomib pre-treatment. In conclusion, the antiproliferative activity of HDL on AR-positive and AR-null PCa cells also rely on cholesterol removal, a process in which the ABCA1 transporter plays a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ossoli
- Centro Enrica Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Eleonora Giorgio
- Centro Enrica Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Federica Cetti
- Centro Enrica Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Claudio Rabacchi
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Patrizia Tarugi
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Paolo Parini
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Medicine Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and AgeingKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Monica Gomaraschi
- Centro Enrica Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
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15
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Dueker ND, Beecham A, Wang L, Dong C, Sacco RL, Blanton SH, Rundek T. Rare variants in previously identified linkage regions associated with carotid plaque in Dominican Republic families. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0250799. [PMID: 35020748 PMCID: PMC8754284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid plaque is a subclinical measure of atherosclerosis. We have previously shown measures of carotid plaque to be heritable in a sample of 100 Dominican families and found evidence for linkage and association of common variants (CVs) on 7q36, 11p15, 14q32 and 15q23 with plaque presence. Our current study aimed to refine these regions further and identify rare variants (RVs) influencing plaque presence. Therefore, we performed targeted sequencing of the one LOD unit down region on 7q36, 11p15, 14q32 and 15q23 in 12 Dominican families with evidence for linkage to plaque presence. Gene-based RV analyses were performed using the Sequence Association Test for familial data (F-SKAT) under two filtering algorithms; 1. all exonic RVs and 2. non-synonymous RVs. Replication analyses were performed using a sample of 22 Dominican families and 556 unrelated Dominicans with Exome Array data. To identify additional non-synonymous RVs influencing plaque, we looked for co-segregation of RVs with plaque in each of the sequenced families. Our most strongly associated gene with evidence for replication was AMPD3 which showed suggestive association with plaque presence in the sequenced families (exonic RV p = 0.003, nonsynonymous RV p = 0.005) and replication families (exonic RV p = 0.04, nonsynonymous RV p = 0.02). Examination of the sequenced family pedigrees revealed two missense variants on chromosome 11 which co-segregated with plaque presence in one of our families; rs61751342 (located in DENND2B), and rs61760882 (located in RNF141). The rs61751342 missense variant is an eQTL for SCUBE2 in the atrial appendage. Notably, SCUBE2 encodes a protein which interacts with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 to regulate VEGF-induced angiogenesis, thus providing biologic plausibility for this gene in atherosclerosis. In conclusion, using targeted sequencing of previously-identified linkage regions, we have identified suggestive evidence for the role of RVs in carotid plaque pathogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- AMP Deaminase/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adult
- Aged
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Dominican Republic
- Genetic Linkage
- Genotype
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Pedigree
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/genetics
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Quantitative Trait Loci
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Dueker
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Ashley Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Liyong Wang
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Chuanhui Dong
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Ralph L. Sacco
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Susan H. Blanton
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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HDL and Endothelial Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1377:27-47. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-1592-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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The Blood-Brain Barrier: Much More Than a Selective Access to the Brain. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:2154-2174. [PMID: 34677787 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is a dynamic structure, collectively referred to as the neurovascular unit. It is responsible for the exchange of blood, oxygen, ions, and other molecules between the peripheral circulation and the brain compartment. It is the main entrance to the central nervous system and as such critical for the maintenance of its homeostasis. Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier is a characteristic of several neurovascular pathologies. Moreover, physiological changes, environmental factors, nutritional habits, and psychological stress can modulate the tightness of the barrier. In this contribution, we summarize our current understanding of structure and function of this important component of the brain. We also describe the neurological deficits associated with its damage. A special emphasis is placed in the effect of the exposure to xenobiotics and pollutants in the permeability of the barrier. Finally, current protective strategies as well as the culture models to study this fascinating structure are discussed.
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Giammanco A, Noto D, Barbagallo CM, Nardi E, Caldarella R, Ciaccio M, Averna MR, Cefalù AB. Hyperalphalipoproteinemia and Beyond: The Role of HDL in Cardiovascular Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060581. [PMID: 34207236 PMCID: PMC8235218 DOI: 10.3390/life11060581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HALP) is a lipid disorder characterized by elevated plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels above the 90th percentile of the distribution of HDL-C values in the general population. Secondary non-genetic factors such as drugs, pregnancy, alcohol intake, and liver diseases might induce HDL increases. Primary forms of HALP are caused by mutations in the genes coding for cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), hepatic lipase (HL), apolipoprotein C-III (apo C-III), scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and endothelial lipase (EL). However, in the last decades, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have also suggested a polygenic inheritance of hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Epidemiological studies have suggested that HDL-C is inversely correlated with cardiovascular (CV) risk, but recent Mendelian randomization data have shown a lack of atheroprotective causal effects of HDL-C. This review will focus on primary forms of HALP, the role of polygenic inheritance on HDL-C, associated risk for cardiovascular diseases and possible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Giammanco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties–University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (D.N.); (C.M.B.); (E.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Davide Noto
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties–University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (D.N.); (C.M.B.); (E.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Carlo Maria Barbagallo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties–University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (D.N.); (C.M.B.); (E.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Emilio Nardi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties–University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (D.N.); (C.M.B.); (E.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Rosalia Caldarella
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Laboratory Medicine CoreLab, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Laboratory Medicine CoreLab, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.C.); (M.C.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Rocco Averna
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties–University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (D.N.); (C.M.B.); (E.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Angelo Baldassare Cefalù
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties–University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (D.N.); (C.M.B.); (E.N.); (M.R.A.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Khirfan G, Li M, Wang X, DiDonato JA, Dweik RA, Heresi GA. Abnormal levels of apolipoprotein A-I in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:20458940211010371. [PMID: 33996028 PMCID: PMC8071975 DOI: 10.1177/20458940211010371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and dysregulated lipid metabolism in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is the major protein component of HDL-C and mediates most of its functions. We hypothesize that ApoA-1 and its oxidative state might be more sensitive biomarkers in CTEPH. Plasma levels of HDL-C, ApoA-I, paraoxonase-1 enzyme activity (PON1), and the oxidized dysfunctional ApoA-I (oxTrp72-ApoA-I) were measured in patients with CTEPH and compared to those in healthy controls. Association with markers of disease severity in CTEPH was assessed. We included a total of 61 patients with CTEPH (age: 61.2 ± 15 years; male 52.5%) and 28 control subjects (age: 60.1 ± 8 years; male 59.3%). When adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and statin use, ApoA-I was lower in CTEPH compared to controls (CTEPH:125.2 ± 27 mg/dl; control:158.3 ± 29.4 mg/dl; p < 0.001), but HDL-C levels were not statistically different. There were no significant differences in PON and oxTrp72-ApoA-I/ApoA-I ratio. In exploratory analyses, ApoA-I was associated with mean right atrial pressure (rs = -0.32, p = 0.013) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (rs = -0.31, p = 0.038). There were no significant associations between HDL-C, PON1, or oxTrp72-ApoA-I/ApoA-I ratio and markers of disease severity. We conclude that ApoA-I is a more sensitive biomarker than HDL-C in CTEPH, and may be associated with right heart dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaleb Khirfan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Manshi Li
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joseph A. DiDonato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Raed A. Dweik
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gustavo A. Heresi
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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20
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Effectiveness of Continuous Aerobic Versus High-Intensity Interval Training on Atherosclerotic and Inflammatory Markers in Boys With Overweight/Obesity. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2021; 33:132-138. [PMID: 33761458 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2020-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Atherosclerosis is a complex multifactorial disease whose first steps can be initiated from childhood. Therefore, we examined the effects of 2 training models on salusins levels, inflammatory markers, and lipid profile in boys with overweight/obesity. METHOD Forty-five boys with overweight/obesity with the mean age of 11.06 (1.0) years were randomly divided into three groups of 15: a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) group (100%-110% of maximum aerobic speed); an aerobic training group (40%-70% of heart rate reserve); and a control group. The intervention included 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. RESULTS Findings showed significant improvements in serum levels of salusins, salusins ratio, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and total cholesterol (TC) in both training groups (P < .001). Also, the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and cholesterol index improved significantly (P < .01). Except for the TG, HIIT caused higher improvements than aerobic training (P < .001 for salusin-α, salusins ratio, IL-6, CRP, TC, HDL, AIP, and cholesterol index; and P < .01 for salusin-β and LDL). CONCLUSION The present study shows that HIIT has more positive effects than aerobic exercise on the atherosclerotic and inflammatory factors, as well as lipid profile variables in children with overweight/obesity.
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21
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Koike T, Koike Y, Yang D, Guo Y, Rom O, Song J, Xu J, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhu T, Garcia-Barrio MT, Fan J, Chen YE, Zhang J. Human apolipoprotein A-II reduces atherosclerosis in knock-in rabbits. Atherosclerosis 2021; 316:32-40. [PMID: 33296791 PMCID: PMC7770079 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Apolipoprotein A-II (apoAII) is the second major apolipoprotein of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle, after apoAI. Unlike apoAI, the biological and physiological functions of apoAII are unclear. We aimed to gain insight into the specific roles of apoAII in lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis using a novel rabbit model. METHODS Wild-type (WT) rabbits are naturally deficient in apoAII, thus their HDL contains only apoAI. Using TALEN technology, we replaced the endogenous apoAI in rabbits through knock-in (KI) of human apoAII. The newly generated apoAII KI rabbits were used to study the specific function of apoAII, independent of apoAI. RESULTS ApoAII KI rabbits expressed exclusively apoAII without apoAI, as confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. On a standard diet, the KI rabbits exhibited lower plasma triglycerides (TG, 52%, p < 0.01) due to accelerated clearance of TG-rich particles and higher lipoprotein lipase activity than the WT littermates. ApoAII KI rabbits also had higher plasma HDL-C (28%, p < 0.05) and their HDL was rich in apoE, apoAIV, and apoAV. When fed a cholesterol-rich diet for 16 weeks, apoAII KI rabbits were resistant to diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia and developed significantly less aortic atherosclerosis compared to WT rabbits. HDL isolated from rabbits with apoAII KI had similar cholesterol efflux capacity and anti-inflammatory effects as HDL isolated from the WT rabbits. CONCLUSIONS ApoAII KI rabbits developed less atherosclerosis than WT rabbits, possibly through increased plasma HDL-C, reduced TG and atherogenic lipoproteins. These results suggest that apoAII may serve as a potential target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Koike
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yui Koike
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oren Rom
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jun Song
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yajie Chen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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22
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Triantafyllidi H, Benas D, Schoinas A, Varoudi M, Thymis J, Kostelli G, Birmpa D, Ikonomidis I. Sex-related associations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with aortic stiffness and endothelial glycocalyx integrity in treated hypertensive patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 22:1827-1834. [PMID: 32790102 PMCID: PMC8029813 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Smoking, a well-recognized major cardiovascular (CV) risk factor, impairs endothelial function and increases aortic stiffness which indicates subclinical organ damage in hypertensive patients. Loss of endothelial glycocalyx (EG) integrity, as part of the endothelium, represents endothelial dysfunction. The authors aimed to investigate the role of increased HDL cholesterol levels (HDL-C), which usually are considered protective against CV disease, in aortic stiffness and endothelial integrity in middle-aged treated hypertensive patients regarding smoking habit. The authors studied 193 treated hypertensive patients ≥40 years (mean age = 61±11 years, 58% females), divided in four groups regarding sex and smoking. Increased perfusion boundary region of the 5-9 μm diameter sublingual arterial microvessels (PBR5-9 ) was measured as a noninvasive accurate index of reduced EG thickness. Aortic stiffness was estimated by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV). In the whole population, an inverse weak relationship was found between HDL-C and PWV (r = -.15, P = .03) and PBR5-9 (ρ = -.15, P = .03). Moreover, HDL-C was negatively related to PBR5-9 in males (r = -.29, P = .008) either smokers (r = -.35, P < .05) or non-smokers (r = -.27, P < .05) and PWV in female non-smokers (r = -.28, P = .009). In a multiple linear regression analysis, using age, weight, smoking, HDL-C, and LDL-C as independent variables, we found that HDL-C independently predicts PWV in the whole population (β = -.14, P = .02) and PBR5-9 in male hypertensive patients (β = -.28, P = .01). Higher HDL-C levels are associated with reduced aortic stiffness in hypertensive patients, while they protect EG and subsequently endothelial function in middle-aged, treated hypertensive male patients (either smokers or not).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Triantafyllidi
- 2nd Department of CardiologyMedical SchoolATTIKON HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Dimitris Benas
- 2nd Department of CardiologyMedical SchoolATTIKON HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Antonios Schoinas
- 2nd Department of CardiologyMedical SchoolATTIKON HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Mary Varoudi
- 2nd Department of CardiologyMedical SchoolATTIKON HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - John Thymis
- 2nd Department of CardiologyMedical SchoolATTIKON HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Gavriela Kostelli
- 2nd Department of CardiologyMedical SchoolATTIKON HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Dionysia Birmpa
- 2nd Department of CardiologyMedical SchoolATTIKON HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Ignatios Ikonomidis
- 2nd Department of CardiologyMedical SchoolATTIKON HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
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23
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Mesut E, Cihan A, Orhan G. Is it possible to predict the complexity of peripheral artery disease with atherogenic index? Vascular 2020; 28:513-519. [PMID: 32390562 DOI: 10.1177/1708538120923531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lower extremity peripheral artery disease develops mainly due to atherosclerosis and occurs as a result of the systemic atherosclerotic process. Increased triglyceride (TG) and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) values increase atherosclerosis risk. With regard to this information, TG/HDL-C ratio is used as the atherogenic index. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of TG/HDL-C ratio to predict the complexity of disease in patients with peripheral artery disease. METHODS Patients who were diagnosed with peripheral artery disease and admitted to our clinic between August 2013 and August 2019 were included in this study retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups based on angiographic evaluations with TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus-II classification. Those with TASC A-B lesions were included in Group 1 and those with TASC C-D lesions constituted Group 2. RESULTS The mean ages of Group 1 (n = 314) and Group 2 (n = 98) patients were 56.1 ± 9.3 and 58.4.1 ± 8.1 years, respectively. The frequency of male gender and coronary artery disease was significantly higher in Group 2 (p = 0.043, p = 0.001, respectively). In Group 2, triglyceride and TG/HDL-C ratios were significantly high, while HDL-C was significantly low (p = 0.022, p < 0.001, p = 0.010, respectively). The multivariate logistic regression analysis performed to evaluate the parameters in predicting the angiographic complexity of peripheral artery disease showed that coronary artery disease (OR: 1.009 CI 95%: 1.003-1.021 p = 0.016) and TG/HDL-C ratio (OR: 5.385 CI 95%: 2.553-9.357 p = 0.001) were independent predictors for complexity. ROC analysis revealed that the cut-off value of TG/HDL-C was 2.9 (AUC = 0.670, p < 0.001) with 75.5% sensitivity and 56.7% specificity. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to predict the angiographic complexity of peripheral artery disease with TG/HDL-C ratio, also known as atherogenic index, which is easily obtained by routine biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Mesut
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Mehmet Akif İnan Training and Research Hospital, Karaköprü/Şanlıurfa, Türkiye
| | - Aydın Cihan
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Ahi Evren Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Guvenc Orhan
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty of Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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24
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LIPA gene mutations affect the composition of lipoproteins: Enrichment in ACAT-derived cholesteryl esters. Atherosclerosis 2020; 297:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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25
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Ossoli A, Simonelli S, Varrenti M, Morici N, Oliva F, Stucchi M, Gomaraschi M, Strazzella A, Arnaboldi L, Thomas MJ, Sorci-Thomas MG, Corsini A, Veglia F, Franceschini G, Karathanasis SK, Calabresi L. Recombinant LCAT (Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase) Rescues Defective HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)-Mediated Endothelial Protection in Acute Coronary Syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:915-924. [PMID: 30894011 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective- Aim of this study was to evaluate changes in LCAT (lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase) concentration and activity in patients with an acute coronary syndrome, to investigate if these changes are related to the compromised capacity of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) to promote endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production, and to assess if rhLCAT (recombinant human LCAT) can rescue the defective vasoprotective HDL function. Approach and Results- Thirty ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients were enrolled, and plasma was collected at hospital admission, 48 and 72 hours thereafter, at hospital discharge, and at 30-day follow-up. Plasma LCAT concentration and activity were measured and related to the capacity of HDL to promote NO production in cultured endothelial cells. In vitro studies were performed in which STEMI patients' plasma was added with rhLCAT and HDL vasoprotective activity assessed by measuring NO production in endothelial cells. The plasma concentration of the LCAT enzyme significantly decreases during STEMI with a parallel significant reduction in LCAT activity. HDL isolated from STEMI patients progressively lose the capacity to promote NO production by endothelial cells, and the reduction is related to decreased LCAT concentration. In vitro incubation of STEMI patients' plasma with rhLCAT restores HDL ability to promote endothelial NO production, possibly related to significant modification in HDL phospholipid classes. Conclusions- Impairment of cholesterol esterification may be a major factor in the HDL dysfunction observed during acute coronary syndrome. rhLCAT is able to restore HDL-mediated NO production in vitro, suggesting LCAT as potential therapeutic target for restoring HDL functionality in acute coronary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ossoli
- From the Centro E. Grossi Paoletti (A.O., S.S., M.G., A.S., G.F., L.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Simonelli
- From the Centro E. Grossi Paoletti (A.O., S.S., M.G., A.S., G.F., L.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Marisa Varrenti
- Cardiologia 1-Emodinamica, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (M.V., N.M., F.O., M.S.).,Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Italy (M.V.)
| | - Nuccia Morici
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (N.M.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Cardiologia 1-Emodinamica, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (M.V., N.M., F.O., M.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Oliva
- Cardiologia 1-Emodinamica, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (M.V., N.M., F.O., M.S.)
| | - Miriam Stucchi
- Cardiologia 1-Emodinamica, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy (M.V., N.M., F.O., M.S.)
| | - Monica Gomaraschi
- From the Centro E. Grossi Paoletti (A.O., S.S., M.G., A.S., G.F., L.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Arianna Strazzella
- From the Centro E. Grossi Paoletti (A.O., S.S., M.G., A.S., G.F., L.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Arnaboldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (L.A., A.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Michael J Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.J.T.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Mary G Sorci-Thomas
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine (M.G.S.-T.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (L.A., A.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | | | - Guido Franceschini
- From the Centro E. Grossi Paoletti (A.O., S.S., M.G., A.S., G.F., L.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | | | - Laura Calabresi
- From the Centro E. Grossi Paoletti (A.O., S.S., M.G., A.S., G.F., L.C.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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26
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Moreira RS, Irigoyen MC, Capcha JMC, Sanches TR, Gutierrez PS, Garnica MR, Noronha IDL, Andrade L. Synthetic apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide 4F protects hearts and kidneys after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R529-R544. [PMID: 31967856 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00185.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients undergoing coronary angiography after myocardial infarction (MI) often develop cardiac and renal dysfunction. We hypothesized that the apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide 4F (4F) would prevent those complications. Male Wistar rats were fed a high-cholesterol diet for 8 days. The rats were then anesthetized with isoflurane and randomly divided into five groups: a control group (sham-operated rats), and four groups of rats induced to MI by left coronary artery ligation, the rats in three of those groups being injected 6 h later, with the nonionic contrast agent iopamidol, 4F, and iopamidol plus 4F, respectively. At postprocedure hour 24, we performed the following experiments/tests (n = 8 rats/group): metabolic cage studies; creatinine clearance studies; analysis of creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium, triglycerides, total cholesterol, very low-, low- and high-density lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL, and HDL); immunohistochemistry; histomorphometry; Western blot analysis; and transmission electron microscopy. In another set of experiments (n = 8 rats/group), also performed at postprocedure hour 24, we measured mean arterial pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, echocardiographic parameters, left ventricular systolic pressure, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. 4F protected against MI-induced increases in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL; increased HDL levels; reversed autonomic and cardiac dysfunction; decreased the myocardial ischemic area; minimized renal and cardiac apoptosis; protected mitochondria; and strengthened endothelia possibly by minimizing Toll-like receptor 4 upregulation (thus restoring endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein expression) and by upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression. 4F-treated animals showed signs of cardiac neovascularization. The nitric oxide-dependent cardioprotection and renoprotection provided by 4F could have implications for post-MI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto S Moreira
- Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C Irigoyen
- Laboratory of Hypertension, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose M C Capcha
- Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita R Sanches
- Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Pathology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Margoth R Garnica
- Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irene de L Noronha
- Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia Andrade
- Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Radulović S, Gottschalk B, Hörl G, Zardoya-Laguardia P, Schilcher I, Hallström S, Vujić N, Schmidt K, Trieb M, Graier WF, Malli R, Kratky D, Marsche G, Frank S. Endothelial lipase increases eNOS activating capacity of high-density lipoprotein. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158612. [PMID: 31923467 PMCID: PMC7116681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial lipase (EL) changes structural and functional properties of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL is a relevant modulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, but the effect of EL on HDL induced eNOS-activation has not yet been investigated. Here, we examined the impact of EL-modified HDL (EL-HDL) on eNOS activity, subcellular trafficking, and eNOS- dependent vasorelaxation. EL-HDL and empty virus (EV)-HDL as control were isolated from human serum incubated with EL-overexpressing or EV infected HepG2 cells. EL-HDL exhibited higher capacity to induce eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and eNOS activity in EA.hy 926 cells, as well as eNOS-dependent vasorelaxation of mouse aortic rings compared to control HDL. As revealed by confocal and structured illumination-microscopy EL-HDL-driven induction of eNOS was accompanied by an increased eNOS-GFP targeting to the plasma membrane and a lower eNOS-GFP colocalization with Golgi and mitochondria. Widefield microscopy of filipin stained cells revealed that EL-HDL lowered cellular free cholesterol (FC) and as found by thin-layer chromatography increased cellular cholesterol ester (CE) content. Additionally, cholesterol efflux capacity, acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase activity, and HDL particle uptake were comparable between EL-HDL and control HDL. In conclusion, EL increases eNOS activating capacity of HDL, a phenomenon accompanied by an enrichment of the plasma membrane eNOS pool, a decreased cell membrane FC and increased cellular CE content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Radulović
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Hörl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Pablo Zardoya-Laguardia
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Irene Schilcher
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Trieb
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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28
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Sirtori CR, Ruscica M, Calabresi L, Chiesa G, Giovannoni R, Badimon JJ. HDL therapy today: from atherosclerosis, to stent compatibility to heart failure. Ann Med 2019; 51:345-359. [PMID: 31729238 PMCID: PMC7877888 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2019.1694695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologically, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels have been inversely associated to cardiovascular (CV) events, although a Mendelian Randomisation Study had failed to establish a clear causal role. Numerous atheroprotective mechanisms have been attributed to HDL, the main being the ability to promote cholesterol efflux from arterial walls; anti-inflammatory effects related to HDL ligands such as S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate), resolvins and others have been recently identified. Experimental studies and early clinical investigations have indicated the potential of HDL to slow progression or induce regression of atherosclerosis. More recently, the availability of different HDL formulations, with different phospholipid moieties, has allowed to test other indications for HDL therapy. Positive reports have come from studies on coronary stent biocompatibility, where the use of HDL from different sources reduced arterial cell proliferation and thrombogenicity. The observation that low HDL-C levels may be associated with an enhanced risk of heart failure (HF) has also suggested that HDL therapy may be applied to this condition. HDL infusions or apoA-I gene transfer were able to reverse heart abnormalities, reduce diastolic resistance and improve cardiac metabolism. HDL therapy may be effective not only in atherosclerosis, but also in other conditions, of relevant impact on human health.Key messagesHigh-density lipoproteins have as a major activity that of removing excess cholesterol from tissues (particularly arteries).Knowledge on the activity of high-density lipoproteins on health have however significantly widened.HDL-therapy may help to improve stent biocompatibility and to reduce peripheral arterial resistance in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Sirtori
- Dyslipidemia Center, A.S.S.T. Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - M Ruscica
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Calabresi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G Chiesa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - R Giovannoni
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Badimon
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Jonas K, Kopeć G. HDL Cholesterol as a Marker of Disease Severity and Prognosis in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3514. [PMID: 31323735 PMCID: PMC6678550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol on the development of atherosclerosis and diseases of systemic circulation has been well documented both in experimental and registry studies. Recent discoveries in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) revealed a significant impact of HDL on pulmonary artery vasoreactivity and patients' prognosis. The vasoprotective activity of HDL primarily involves vascular endothelium that also plays a central role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) pathobiology. However, the exact mechanism in which this lipoprotein fraction exerts its effect in pulmonary circulation is still under investigation. This paper reviews potential vasoprotective mechanisms of HDL in pulmonary circulation and presents current clinical reports on the role of HDL in PAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Jonas
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kopeć
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Krakow, Poland.
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30
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Arnao V, Tuttolomondo A, Daidone M, Pinto A. Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis Process. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1525-1543. [PMID: 31096892 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190516103953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidaemias is a recognized risk factor for atherosclerosis, however, new evidence brought to light by trials investigating therapies to enhance HDLcholesterol have suggested an increased atherosclerotic risk when HDL-C is high. RESULTS Several studies highlight the central role in atherosclerotic disease of dysfunctional lipoproteins; oxidised LDL-cholesterol is an important feature, according to "oxidation hypothesis", of atherosclerotic lesion, however, there is today a growing interest for dysfunctional HDL-cholesterol. The target of our paper is to review the functions of modified and dysfunctional lipoproteins in atherogenesis. CONCLUSION Taking into account the central role recognized to dysfunctional lipoproteins, measurements of functional features of lipoproteins, instead of conventional routine serum evaluation of lipoproteins, could offer a valid contribution in experimental studies as in clinical practice to stratify atherosclerotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Arnao
- BioNeC Dipartimento di BioMedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Universita degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,PhD School of: Medicina Clinica e Scienze del Comportamento-Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine. (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Daidone
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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31
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Ossoli A, Pavanello C, Giorgio E, Calabresi L, Gomaraschi M. Dysfunctional HDL as a Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis Prevention. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1610-1630. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180316115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of the main risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis. Among the various lipoprotein classes, however, high density lipoproteins (HDL) are inversely associated with the incidence of atherosclerosis, since they are able to exert a series of atheroprotective functions. The central role of HDL within the reverse cholesterol transport, their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and their ability to preserve endothelial homeostasis are likely responsible for HDL-mediated atheroprotection. However, drugs that effectively raise HDL-C failed to result in a decreased incidence of cardiovascular event, suggesting that plasma levels of HDL-C and HDL function are not always related. Several evidences are showing that different pathologic conditions, especially those associated with an inflammatory response, can cause dramatic alterations of HDL protein and lipid cargo resulting in HDL dysfunction. Established and investigational drugs designed to affect lipid metabolism and to increase HDL-C are only partly effective in correcting HDL dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ossoli
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Giorgio
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Gomaraschi
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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ALTINKAYNAK Y, Örem A, Akcan Altınkaynak B, Kural B, Balaban Yücesan F, Örem C. Postprandial Lipemide Serum Paraoksonaz 1 (PON1) Aktivitelerinin İncelenmesi. ACTA MEDICA ALANYA 2019. [DOI: 10.30565/medalanya.455820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Shih CM, Lin FY, Yeh JS, Lin YW, Loh SH, Tsao NW, Nakagami H, Morishita R, Sawamura T, Li CY, Lin CY, Huang CY. Dysfunctional high density lipoprotein failed to rescue the function of oxidized low density lipoprotein-treated endothelial progenitor cells: a novel index for the prediction of HDL functionality. Transl Res 2019; 205:17-32. [PMID: 30720435 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolic disorders play critical roles in atherogenesis. Traditionally, it has been suggested that reduced high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels might be an important morbidity indicator for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it has been argued that therapeutically raising HDL levels may reduce atherogenesis in patients with dyslipidemia. However, recent clinical trials to elevate serum HDL levels by pharmacologic approaches failed to demonstrate clinical efficacy. Thus, to investigate the functionality of HDL and to explore the possible clinical relevance as well as to define an effective indicator that can represent HDL function may provide another key and reference to disclose the clinical treatment of dyslipidemia. We analyzed the association between the data of dichlorofluorescein assay (assay the functionality of HDL), the effect of HDL on oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-stimulated endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in vitro, levels of circulating EPCs, and ex vitro EPC colony forming units of each case, we defined the indicator (relative HDL index (RHDL index) = dichlorofluorescein assay result of each subject/dichlorofluorescein assay reading of our young healthy controls) that may represent functionality of HDL. HDL from healthy adults protected oxLDL-treated EPCs by modulating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Rho activation and by promoting nitric oxide production. HDL from subject with RHDL index ≧2 also failed to restore the functionality of oxLDL-treated EPCs via cell-signaling pathways in vitro. The RHDL index significantly correlated with patients' circulating EPC number or EPC colony forming units ex vivo. In conclusions, we explored the RHDL index as a score to predict a patient's EPC functions in vivo and ex vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ming Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Shiuan Yeh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hurng Loh
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Tsao
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetic, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Bioscience, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chi-Yuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Lin
- Department of Marketing Management, Takming University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Healthcare Information and Management Department, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yao Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Triantafyllidi H, Benas D, Vlachos S, Vlastos D, Pavlidis G, Schoinas A, Varoudi M, Birmpa D, Moutsatsou P, Lekakis J, Ikonomidis I. HDL cholesterol levels and endothelial glycocalyx integrity in treated hypertensive patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2018; 20:1615-1623. [PMID: 30315671 PMCID: PMC8030954 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction indicates target organ damage in hypertensive patients. The integrity of endothelial glycocalyx (EG) plays a vital role in vascular permeability, inflammation and elasticity, and finally to cardiovascular disease. The authors aimed to investigate the role of increased HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, which usually are considered protective against cardiovascular disease, in EG integrity in older hypertensive patients. The authors studied 120 treated hypertensive patients older than 50 years were divided regarding HDL-C tertiles in group HDLH (HDL-C ≥ 71 mg/dL, upper HDL-C tertile) and group HDLL (HDL-C < 71 mg/dL, two lower HDL-C tertiles). Increased perfusion boundary region (PBR) of the sublingual arterial microvessels (ranging from 5 to 9 µm) using Sideview Darkfield imaging (Microscan, Glycocheck) was measured as a non-invasive accurate index of reduced EG thickness. PBR 5-9 was significantly decreased in group HDLH (P = 0.04). In the whole population, HDL-C was inversely but moderately related to PBR 5-9 (r = -0.22, P = 0.01). In a multiple linear regression analysis model, using age, BMI, smoking habit, HDL-C, LDL-C, and office SBP, as independent variables, the authors found that BMI (β = 0.25, P = 0.006) independently predicted PBR 5-9 in the whole population. In older hypertensive patients, HDL-C ranging between 71 and 101 mg/dL might moderately protect EG and subsequently endothelial function. Future studies in several groups of low- or high-risk hypertensives are needed in order to evaluate the beneficial role of extremely elevated HDL-C regarding cardiovascular risk evaluation as well as endothelial glycocalyx as a novel index of target organ damage in essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Triantafyllidi
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon HospitalAthensGreece
| | - Dimitris Benas
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon HospitalAthensGreece
| | - Stefanos Vlachos
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon HospitalAthensGreece
| | - Dimitris Vlastos
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon HospitalAthensGreece
| | - George Pavlidis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon HospitalAthensGreece
| | - Antonios Schoinas
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon HospitalAthensGreece
| | - Mary Varoudi
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon HospitalAthensGreece
| | - Dionysia Birmpa
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon HospitalAthensGreece
| | - Paraskevi Moutsatsou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon HospitalAthensGreece
| | - John Lekakis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon HospitalAthensGreece
| | - Ignatios Ikonomidis
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon HospitalAthensGreece
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Cholesteryl ester transfer protein: An enigmatic pharmacology – Antagonists and agonists. Atherosclerosis 2018; 278:286-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ruscica M, Ferri N, Macchi C, Corsini A, Sirtori CR. Lipid lowering drugs and inflammatory changes: an impact on cardiovascular outcomes? Ann Med 2018; 50:461-484. [PMID: 29976096 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2018.1498118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory changes are responsible for maintenance of the atherosclerotic process and may underlie some of the most feared vascular complications. Among the multiple mechanisms of inflammation, the arterial deposition of lipids and particularly of cholesterol crystals is the one responsible for the activation of inflammasome NLRP3, followed by the rise of circulating markers, mainly C-reactive protein (CRP). Elevation of lipoproteins, LDL but also VLDL and remnants, associates with increased inflammatory changes and coronary risk. Lipid lowering medications can reduce cholesterolemia and CRP: patients with elevations of both are at greatest cardiovascular (CV) risk and receive maximum benefit from therapy. Evaluation of the major drug series indicates that statins exert the largest LDL and CRP reduction, accompanied by reduced CV events. Other drugs, mainly active on the triglyceride/HDL axis, for example, PPAR agonists, may improve CRP and the lipid pattern, especially in patients with metabolic syndrome. PCSK9 antagonists, the newest most potent medications, do not induce significant changes in inflammatory markers, but patients with the highest baseline CRP levels show the best CV risk reduction. Parallel evaluation of lipids and inflammatory changes clearly indicates a significant link, both guiding to patients at highest risk, and to the best pharmacological approach. Key messages Lipid lowering agents with "pleiotropic" effects provide a more effective approach to CV prevention In CANTOS study, patients achieving on-treatment hsCRP concentrations ≤2 mg/L had a higher benefit in terms of reduction in major CV events The anti-inflammatory activity of PCSK9 antagonists appears to be of a minimal extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruscica
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - N Ferri
- b Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - C Macchi
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - A Corsini
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - C R Sirtori
- c Centro Dislipidemie , A.S.S.T. Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda , Milan , Italy
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Khirfan G, Tejwani V, Wang X, Li M, DiDonato J, Dweik RA, Smedira N, Heresi GA. Plasma levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and outcomes in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197700. [PMID: 29813091 PMCID: PMC5973565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) has various anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-oxidant and anti-coagulant properties that improve vascular function. The utility of HDL-C as a biomarker of severity and predictor of survival was described in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). No prior study has assessed the utility of HDL-C in patients with Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH). Objectives We aim to measure HDL-C levels in CTEPH patients and compare it to those in PAH patients and controls and determine HDL-C associations with markers of disease severity, hemodynamics and mortality in CTEPH. Methods We retrospectively included patients with CTEPH, identified from the Cleveland Clinic Pulmonary Hypertension Registry. All patients had right heart catheterization (RHC) and imaging studies consistent with CTEPH. We collected demographics, co-morbidities, baseline laboratory data including plasma HDL-C, six-minute walk test (6MWT), echocardiography and RHC. HDL-C levels were compared to a cohort of patients with cardiovascular risk factors and a previously published PAH cohort. Results HDL-C levels were available for 90 patients with CTEPH (age: 57.4±13.9 years; female 40%), 69 patients with PAH (age: 46.7±12.8 years; female 90%) and 254 control subjects (age: 56.7±13 years; female 48%). HDL-C levels in CTEPH patients were lower compared to controls and higher compared to PAH patients (median, IQR: CTEPH: 44, 34–57 mg/dl; PAH: 35.3, 29–39 mg/dl; Control: 49, 40–60 mg/dl; p < 0.01 for both pairwise comparisons). In CTEPH, higher HDL-C was associated with decreased prevalence of right ventricular dilation on echocardiography (p = 0.02). 57 patients with CTEPH underwent pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, higher HDL-C was associated with a larger decrement in postoperative pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (r = 0.37, p = 0.049). HDL-C was not associated with mortality or other markers of disease severity. Conclusions HDL-C levels in CTEPH patients were lower compared to control subjects, but higher compared to PAH patients. Higher HDL-C in CTEPH was associated with less right ventricular dilation and greater decrement in postoperative PVR. These data suggest that HDL-C may be a useful marker of small vessel disease in CTEPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaleb Khirfan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vickram Tejwani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Manshi Li
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joseph DiDonato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Raed A. Dweik
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Smedira
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gustavo A. Heresi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chai BK, Lau YS, Loong BJ, Rais MM, Ting KN, Dharmani DM, Mohankumar SK. Co-administration of conjugated linoleic acid and rosiglitazone increases atherogenic co-efficient and alters isoprenaline-induced vasodilatation in rats fed high fat diet. Physiol Res 2018; 67:729-740. [PMID: 29750886 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cis(c)-9, trans(t)-11 (c9,t11) and t10,c12 isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) have been reported as agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and beneficial in lipidemia and glycemia. However, it is unclear whether CLA isomers enhance or antagonize effects of conventional drugs targeting PPAR. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks and treated without or with CLA, rosiglitazone or both for 4 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance and surrogate markers of insulin resistance were not significantly different for all treatments compared to untreated normal diet (ND) or HFD group, except lipoprotein levels. The combination of CLA and rosiglitazone had suppressed levels of low and high density lipoproteins (46 % and 25 %, respectively), compared to HFD-alone. Conversely, the atherogenic co-efficient of the animals received HFD or HFD+rosiglitazone+CLA was 2-folds higher than ND, HFD+rosiglitazone or HFD+CLA. Isolated aortic rings from the combined CLA and rosiglitazone treated animals were less sensitive to isoprenaline-induced relaxation among endothelium-denuded aortas with a decreased efficacy and potency (R(max)=53+/-4.7 %; pEC50=6+/-0.2) compared to endothelium-intact aortas (R(max)=100+/-9.9 %; pEC50=7+/-0.2). Our findings illustrate that the combination of CLA and rosiglitazone precede the atherogenic state with impaired endothelium-independent vasodilatation before the onset of HFD-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Chai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia. TIFAC CORE Herbal Drugs JSS College of Pharmacy, Jagadguru Sri Shivrathreeshwara University, Mysuru, India. or
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High Density Lipoproteins Inhibit Oxidative Stress-Induced Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2236. [PMID: 29396407 PMCID: PMC5797231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress can play a role in the pathogenesis and the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is higher in PCa cells compared to normal prostate epithelial cells and this increase is proportional to the aggressiveness of the phenotype. Since high density lipoproteins (HDL) are known to exert antioxidant activities, their ability to reduce ROS levels and the consequent impact on cell proliferation was tested in normal and PCa cell lines. HDL significantly reduced basal and H2O2-induced oxidative stress in normal, androgen receptor (AR)-positive and AR-null PCa cell lines. AR, scavenger receptor BI and ATP binding cassette G1 transporter were not involved. In addition, HDL completely blunted H2O2-induced increase of cell proliferation, through their capacity to prevent the H2O2-induced shift of cell cycle distribution from G0/G1 towards G2/M phase. Synthetic HDL, made of the two main components of plasma-derived HDL (apoA-I and phosphatidylcholine) and which are under clinical development as anti-atherosclerotic agents, retained the ability of HDL to inhibit ROS production in PCa cells. Collectively, HDL antioxidant activity limits cell proliferation induced by ROS in AR-positive and AR-null PCa cell lines, thus supporting a possible role of HDL against PCa progression.
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Update on the laboratory investigation of dyslipidemias. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 479:103-125. [PMID: 29336935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of the clinical laboratory is evolving to provide more information to clinicians to assess cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and target therapy more effectively. Current routine methods to measure LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), the Friedewald calculation, ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis and homogeneous direct methods have established limitations. Studies suggest that LDL and HDL size or particle concentration are alternative methods to predict future CVD risk. At this time there is no consensus role for lipoprotein particle or subclasses in CVD risk assessment. LDL and HDL particle concentration are measured by several methods, namely gradient gel electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation-vertical auto profile, nuclear magnetic resonance and ion mobility. It has been suggested that HDL functional assays may be better predictors of CVD risk. To assess the issue of lipoprotein subclasses/particles and HDL function as potential CVD risk markers robust, simple, validated analytical methods are required. In patients with small dense LDL particles, even a perfect measure of LDL-C will not reflect LDL particle concentration. Non-HDL-C is an alternative measurement and includes VLDL and CM remnant cholesterol and LDL-C. However, apolipoprotein B measurement may more accurately reflect LDL particle numbers. Non-fasting lipid measurements have many practical advantages. Defining thresholds for treatment with new measurements of CVD risk remain a challenge. In families with genetic variants, ApoCIII and lipoprotein (a) may be additional risk factors. Recognition of familial causes of dyslipidemias and diagnosis in childhood will result in early treatment. This review discusses the limitations in current laboratory technologies to predict CVD risk and reviews the evidence for emergent approaches using newer biomarkers in clinical practice.
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A Prospective Birth Cohort Study on Maternal Cholesterol Levels and Offspring Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: New Insight on Sex Differences. Brain Sci 2017; 8:brainsci8010003. [PMID: 29295472 PMCID: PMC5789334 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that maternal cholesterol levels are important in the offspring’s brain growth and development. Previous studies on cholesterols and brain functions were mostly in adults. We sought to examine the prospective association between maternal cholesterol levels and the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the offspring. We analyzed data from the Boston Birth Cohort, enrolled at birth and followed from birth up to age 15 years. The final analyses included 1479 mother-infant pairs: 303 children with ADHD, and 1176 neurotypical children without clinician-diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders. The median age of the first diagnosis of ADHD was seven years. The multiple logistic regression results showed that a low maternal high-density lipoprotein level (≤60 mg/dL) was associated with an increased risk of ADHD, compared to a higher maternal high-density lipoprotein level, after adjusting for pertinent covariables. A “J” shaped relationship was observed between triglycerides and ADHD risk. The associations with ADHD for maternal high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides were more pronounced among boys. The findings based on this predominantly urban low-income minority birth cohort raise a new mechanistic perspective for understanding the origins of ADHD and the gender differences and future targets in the prevention of ADHD.
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Rosú SA, Toledo L, Urbano BF, Sanchez SA, Calabrese GC, Tricerri MA. Learning from Synthetic Models of Extracellular Matrix; Differential Binding of Wild Type and Amyloidogenic Human Apolipoprotein A-I to Hydrogels Formed from Molecules Having Charges Similar to Those Found in Natural GAGs. Protein J 2017. [PMID: 28634774 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-017-9728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Among other components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been strongly associated to the retention or misfolding of different proteins inducing the formation of deposits in amyloid diseases. The composition of these molecules is highly diverse and a key issue seems to be the equilibrium between physiological and pathological events. In order to have a model in which the composition of the matrix could be finely controlled, we designed and synthesized crosslinked hydrophilic polymers, the so-called hydrogels varying the amounts of negative charges and hydroxyl groups that are prevalent in GAGs. We checked and compared by fluorescence techniques the binding of human apolipoprotein A-I and a natural mutant involved in amyloidosis to the hydrogel scaffolds. Our results indicate that both proteins are highly retained as long as the negative charge increases, and in addition it was shown that the mutant is more retained than the Wt, indicating that the retention of specific proteins in the ECM could be part of the pathogenicity. These results show the importance of the use of these polymers as a model to get deep insight into the studies of proteins within macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana A Rosú
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120 S/N La Plata, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Toledo
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Bruno F Urbano
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Susana A Sanchez
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Graciela C Calabrese
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 954, Primer Piso, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Alejandra Tricerri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120 S/N La Plata, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Jiang H, Zhang J, Wu J, Wei G, He Y, Gao X. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Correlates with Severity of Extracranial Carotid Stenosis—A Study Using Digital Subtraction Angiography. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:1182-1190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Wakabayashi I, Daimon T. Associations between hypo-HDL cholesterolemia and cardiometabolic risk factors in middle-aged men and women: Independence of habitual alcohol drinking, smoking and regular exercise. Obes Res Clin Pract 2017; 11:324-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gomaraschi M, Ossoli A, Castelnuovo S, Simonelli S, Pavanello C, Balzarotti G, Arca M, Di Costanzo A, Sampietro T, Vaudo G, Baldassarre D, Veglia F, Franceschini G, Calabresi L. Depletion in LpA-I:A-II particles enhances HDL-mediated endothelial protection in familial LCAT deficiency. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:994-1001. [PMID: 28351888 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p072371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the vasoprotective effects of HDL isolated from carriers of LCAT deficiency, which are characterized by a selective depletion of LpA-I:A-II particles and predominance of preβ migrating HDL. HDLs were isolated from LCAT-deficient carriers and tested in vitro for their capacity to promote NO production and to inhibit vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in cultured endothelial cells. HDLs from carriers were more effective than control HDLs in promoting eNOS activation with a gene-dose-dependent effect (PTrend = 0.048). As a consequence, NO production induced by HDL from carriers was significantly higher than that promoted by control HDL (1.63 ± 0.24-fold vs. 1.34 ± 0.07-fold, P = 0.031). HDLs from carriers were also more effective than control HDLs in inhibiting the expression of VCAM-1 (homozygotes, 65.0 ± 8.6%; heterozygotes, 53.1 ± 7.2%; controls, 44.4 ± 4.1%; PTrend = 0.0003). The increased efficiency of carrier HDL was likely due to the depletion in LpA-I:A-II particles. The in vitro findings might explain why carriers of LCAT deficiency showed flow-mediated vasodilation and plasma-soluble cell adhesion molecule concentrations comparable to controls, despite low HDL-cholesterol levels. These results indicate that selective depletion of apoA-II-containing HDL, as observed in carriers of LCAT deficiency, leads to an increased capacity of HDL to stimulate endothelial NO production, suggesting that changes in HDL apolipoprotein composition may be the target of therapeutic interventions designed to improve HDL functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gomaraschi
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Ossoli
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Samuela Castelnuovo
- Centro Dislipidemie, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Simonelli
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gloria Balzarotti
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marcello Arca
- Atherosclerosis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Allied Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Costanzo
- Atherosclerosis Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Allied Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gaetano Vaudo
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Guido Franceschini
- Section of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, DeFENS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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A rapid and precise method for measuring plasma apoE-rich HDL using polyethylene glycol and cation-exchange chromatography: a pilot study on the clinical significance of apoE-rich HDL measurements. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 465:112-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Woudberg NJ, Goedecke JH, Lecour S. Protection from Cardiovascular Disease Due to Increased High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in African Black Populations: Myth or Reality? Ethn Dis 2016; 26:553-560. [PMID: 27773983 PMCID: PMC5072485 DOI: 10.18865/ed.26.4.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in sub-Saharan Africa has increased over the last decade. Despite this, African Black populations present with relatively low incidences of coronary heart disease and ischemic heart disease, which may be attributed to their lower total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, compared with White populations. Commensurate with these lower lipid levels, it was believed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations would be higher in Black populations compared with their White counterparts. This is based on data from previous studies of African and African American populations; however, recent studies conducted in Africa found similar or lower HDL-C concentrations in Black compared with White individuals. Current research, therefore, suggests that HDL-C may not be a good indicator of cardiovascular risk and future research should focus on HDL quality (vs quantity), by measuring HDL functionality and subclass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Woudberg
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julia H. Goedecke
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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48
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Larsen CM, McCully RB, Murphy JG, Kushwaha SS, Frantz RP, Kane GC. Usefulness of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to Predict Survival in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Cardiol 2016; 118:292-7. [PMID: 27291969 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that lipoprotein abnormalities may contribute to the pulmonary arteriolar dysfunction observed in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) has vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and endothelial protective properties. We hypothesized that a higher serum HDL level may be advantageous for survival in PAH and that the serum HDL level at diagnosis would be an independent predictor of survival in PAH and be additive to previously validated predictors of survival. This study included all patients with PAH seen at the Mayo Clinic Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2009, who had a baseline HDL measurement. Mortality was analyzed over 5 years using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards ratios were calculated to evaluate the relation between baseline HDL level and survival. HDL levels were available for 227 patients. Higher HDL levels were associated with significantly lower mortality. Patients with an HDL >54 mg/dl at diagnosis had a 5-year survival of 59%. By comparison those with an HDL <34 mg/dl had a 5-year survival of 30%. On multivariate analysis, higher HDL was associated with an age-adjusted risk ratio for death of 0.78 (CI 0.67 to 0.91; p <0.01) per 10 mg/dl increase. In conclusion, HDL was an independent predictor of survival in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Larsen
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert B McCully
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joseph G Murphy
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sudhir S Kushwaha
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert P Frantz
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Garvan C Kane
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Ossoli A, Pavanello C, Calabresi L. High-Density Lipoprotein, Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase, and Atherosclerosis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2016; 31:223-9. [PMID: 27302716 PMCID: PMC4923405 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2016.31.2.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data clearly show the existence of a strong inverse correlation between plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and the incidence of coronary heart disease. This relation is explained by a number of atheroprotective properties of HDL, first of all the ability to promote macrophage cholesterol transport. HDL are highly heterogeneous and are continuously remodeled in plasma thanks to the action of a number of proteins and enzymes. Among them, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) plays a crucial role, being the only enzyme able to esterify cholesterol within lipoproteins. LCAT is synthetized by the liver and it has been thought to play a major role in reverse cholesterol transport and in atheroprotection. However, data from animal studies, as well as human studies, have shown contradictory results. Increased LCAT concentrations are associated with increased HDL-C levels but not necessarily with atheroprotection. On the other side, decreased LCAT concentration and activity are associated with decreased HDL-C levels but not with increased atherosclerosis. These contradictory results confirm that HDL-C levels per se do not represent the functionality of the HDL system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ossoli
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Su CS, Chen KJ, Sheu WHH, Yang YL, Liu TJ, Chang WC, Wang KY, Lee WL. Lack of Association between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Angiographic Coronary Lesion Severity in Chinese Patients with Low Background Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2016; 31:528-35. [PMID: 27122918 DOI: 10.6515/acs20150421a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The atheroprotective role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) particles as measured by HDL-C level in coronary arterial disease (CAD) remains unsettled. The aim of our study was to ascertain whether HDL-C was associated with the development and severity of coronary artery disease in Chinese patients who underwent coronary angiogram with low background Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels, which has not been previously investigated. METHODS Between March 1995 and May 2000, 566 consecutive patients (408 males, 66.7 ± 11.3 years of age) with background LDL-C less than 100 mg/dl who underwent coronary artery angiography at our cath lab for suspected CAD were retrospectively recruited into the study. The severity of coronary lesions was measured by conventional coronary angiography and modified Gensini scores. RESULTS In those subjects with significant coronary lesions, there were more males and conventional CAD risk factors of diabetes mellitus, smoking, and chronic renal disease. They were also older compared to those in the control group. However, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglyceride levels and use of statins were similar in both groups. In those subjects with significant coronary lesions, there was no difference in conventional coronary lesion severity or modified Gensini score between the quartered HDL-C subgroups. Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between serum HDL-C level and modified Gensini scores. In linear regression analysis, HDL-C was not an independent predictor for modified Gensini scores. Furthermore, HDL-C was also not an independent risk factor for the presence of significant coronary lesions in low LDL-C patients in logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS In Chinese patients with low background LDL-C, serum HDL-C was not associated with development of CAD or lesion severity in patients with suspected CAD. Therefore, HDL-C did not appear to be atheroprotective in these patients. KEY WORDS Coronary artery disease; Gensini score; High-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Shou Su
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichun; ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Kuan-Ju Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichun
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taichung Veterans General Hospital; ; Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University; ; Institute of Medical Technology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung; ; College of Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Ya-Ling Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital
| | - Tsun-Jui Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichun; ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Wei-Chun Chang
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichun; ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Kuo-Yang Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichun; ; Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University; ; Department of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lieng Lee
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichun; ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, and Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei
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