1
|
Allen MF, Park SY, Kwak YS. Oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction: Potential therapeutic targets and therapies in peripheral artery disease. Microvasc Res 2024; 155:104713. [PMID: 38914307 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2024.104713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is the manifestation of atherosclerosis characterized by the accumulation of plaques in the arteries of the lower limbs. Interestingly, growing evidence suggests that the pathology of PAD is multifaceted and encompasses both vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunctions, which contributes to blunted physical capabilities and diminished quality of life. Importantly, it has been suggested that many of these pathological impairments may stem from blunted reduction-oxidation (redox) handling. Of note, in those with PAD, excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) outweighs antioxidant capabilities resulting in oxidative damage, which may have systemic consequences. It has been suggested that antioxidant supplementation may be able to assist in handling ROS. However, the activation of various ROS production sites makes it difficult to determine the efficacy of these antioxidant supplements. Therefore, this review focuses on the common cellular mechanisms that facilitate ROS production and discusses how excessive ROS may impair vascular and skeletal muscle function in PAD. Furthermore, we provide insight for current and potential antioxidant therapies, specifically highlighting activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) - Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway as a potential pharmacological therapy to combat ROS accumulation and aid in vascular function, and physical performance in patients with PAD. Altogether, this review provides a better understanding of excessive ROS in the pathophysiology of PAD and enhances our perception of potential therapeutic targets that may improve vascular function, skeletal muscle function, walking capacity, and quality of life in patients with PAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Allen
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Song-Young Park
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States of America; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Yi-Sub Kwak
- Department of Physical Education, College of Arts, Design, and Sports Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lbban E, Kwon K, Ashor A, Stephan B, Idris I, Tsintzas K, Siervo M. Vitamin C supplementation showed greater effects on systolic blood pressure in hypertensive and diabetic patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:814-825. [PMID: 37791386 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2264549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Results from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) testing the effect of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure (BP) have been inconsistent. This systematic review evaluated the effects of vitamin C supplementation on BP and included RCTs testing the effects of vitamin C supplementation alone, on systolic and diastolic BP in adult participants (≥18 years). Random-effect models were conducted to estimate the pooled effects of vitamin C supplementation on BP. A total of 20 studies with 890 participants were included. The median dose of vitamin C was 757.5 mg/d, the median duration was 6 weeks. Vitamin C supplementation was found to reduce systolic BP by -3.0 mmHg (95%CI: -4.7, -1.3 mmHg; p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed a more pronounced effect on systolic BP in patients with hypertension (-3.2 mmHg, 95%CI -5.2, -1.2 mmHg, p = 0.002) and diabetes (-4.6 mmHg, 95%CI -8.9, -0.3 mmHg, p = 0.03). Further research needs to evaluate the long-term effect of vitamin C on BP in populations with impaired cardio-metabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eazaz Lbban
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kee Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ammar Ashor
- College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Blossom Stephan
- Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Iskandar Idris
- School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Derby Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kostas Tsintzas
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saz-Lara A, Cavero-Redondo I, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Martínez-Ortega IA, Notario-Pacheco B, Pascual-Morena C. The Comparative Effects of Different Types of Oral Vitamin Supplements on Arterial Stiffness: A Network Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:1009. [PMID: 35267985 PMCID: PMC8912633 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness, a significant prognostic factor of cardiovascular disease, may be affected by dietary factors. Research on the effects of oral vitamin supplements on arterial stiffness and/or endothelial function has produced controversial results. Therefore, the aim of this network meta-analysis was to comparatively assess the effect of different types of oral vitamin supplements on arterial stiffness in the adult population. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials from their inception to 30 September 2021. A network meta-analysis using a frequentist perspective was conducted to assess the effects of different types of oral vitamin supplements on arterial stiffness, as determined by pulse wave velocity. In total, 22 studies were included, with a total of 1318 participants in the intervention group and 1115 participants in the placebo group. The included studies were listed in an ad hoc table describing direct and indirect comparisons of the different types of vitamins. Our findings showed that, in both pairwise comparison and frequentist network meta-analysis, the different types of oral vitamin supplements did not show statistically significant effects on arterial stiffness. However, when oral vitamin supplementation was longer than 12 weeks, vitamin D3 showed a significant reduction in arterial stiffness, compared with the placebo (ES: -0.15; 95% CI: -0.30, -0.00; -60.0% m/s) and vitamin D2 (ES: -0.25; 95% CI: -0.48, -0.02, -52.0% m/s). In summary, our study confirms that oral vitamin D3 supplementation for more than 12 weeks could be an effective approach to reduce arterial stiffness and could be considered a useful approach to improve vascular health in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Saz-Lara
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16171 Cuenca, Spain; (A.S.-L.); (V.M.-V.); (I.A.M.-O.); (B.N.-P.); (C.P.-M.)
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16171 Cuenca, Spain; (A.S.-L.); (V.M.-V.); (I.A.M.-O.); (B.N.-P.); (C.P.-M.)
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16171 Cuenca, Spain; (A.S.-L.); (V.M.-V.); (I.A.M.-O.); (B.N.-P.); (C.P.-M.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Isabel Antonia Martínez-Ortega
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16171 Cuenca, Spain; (A.S.-L.); (V.M.-V.); (I.A.M.-O.); (B.N.-P.); (C.P.-M.)
| | - Blanca Notario-Pacheco
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16171 Cuenca, Spain; (A.S.-L.); (V.M.-V.); (I.A.M.-O.); (B.N.-P.); (C.P.-M.)
| | - Carlos Pascual-Morena
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16171 Cuenca, Spain; (A.S.-L.); (V.M.-V.); (I.A.M.-O.); (B.N.-P.); (C.P.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aryal A, Harmon AC, Dugas TR. Particulate matter air pollutants and cardiovascular disease: Strategies for intervention. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107890. [PMID: 33992684 PMCID: PMC8216045 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is consistently linked with elevations in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD-related mortality. Particulate matter (PM) is a critical factor in air pollution-associated CVD. PM forms in the air during the combustion of fuels as solid particles and liquid droplets and the sources of airborne PM range from dust and dirt to soot and smoke. The health impacts of PM inhalation are well documented. In the US, where CVD is already the leading cause of death, it is estimated that PM2.5 (PM < 2.5 μm in size) is responsible for nearly 200,000 premature deaths annually. Despite the public health data, definitive mechanisms underlying PM-associated CVD are elusive. However, evidence to-date implicates mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic dysfunction and dyslipidemia, contributing to vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis, along with autonomic dysfunction and hypertension. For the benefit of susceptible individuals and individuals who live in areas where PM levels exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standard, interventional strategies for mitigating PM-associated CVD are necessary. This review will highlight current state of knowledge with respect to mechanisms for PM-dependent CVD. Based upon these mechanisms, strategies for intervention will be outlined. Citing data from animal models and human subjects, these highlighted strategies include: 1) antioxidants, such as vitamins E and C, carnosine, sulforaphane and resveratrol, to reduce oxidative stress and systemic inflammation; 2) omega-3 fatty acids, to inhibit inflammation and autonomic dysfunction; 3) statins, to decrease cholesterol accumulation and inflammation; 4) melatonin, to regulate the immune-pineal axis and 5) metformin, to address PM-associated metabolic dysfunction. Each of these will be discussed with respect to its potential role in limiting PM-associated CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Aryal
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America
| | - Ashlyn C Harmon
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America
| | - Tammy R Dugas
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effects of the Consumption of Low-Fat Cooked Ham with Reduced Salt Enriched with Antioxidants on the Improvement of Cardiovascular Health: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051480. [PMID: 33925704 PMCID: PMC8146046 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze how cardiovascular risk factors can be modified using nutritionally improved cooked ham enriched with a pool of antioxidants to influence relevant metabolic targets. Sixty-five untreated subjects (49.2% males, 50.8% females, mean age 40.92 ± 9.03 years) with total cholesterol level ≥180 mg/dL or LDL cholesterol ≥130 mg/dL participated in a 8-weeks randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Participant in the intervention group (51.5% males, 48.5% females, mean age 41.6 ± 9.8 years and mean BMI 25.1 ± 3.6 kg/m2) consumed cooked ham enriched with antioxidants (100 g/d) and controls (49.9% males, 53.1% females, mean age 40.2 ± 8.3 years and mean BMI 26.3 ± 3.2 kg/m2) received placebo. At 8 weeks, oxidized LDL decreased significantly between experimental and placebo groups (p < 0.036). Experimental group differences were also significant (p < 0.05). Similar findings in malondialdehyde, total cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6 were observed in the intervention group. Significant between-group differences in these variables were also found, except for total cholesterol and interleukin 6. The effects on inflammation and oxidation support the direct action of these antioxidants on the etiopathogenic factors of atheromatous plaque. We also observed an improvement in the lipid profiles among the subjects.
Collapse
|
6
|
The Total Antioxidant Status, Serum Selenium Concentrations and the Ultrasound Assessment Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Patients with Arterial Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010063. [PMID: 33419108 PMCID: PMC7825395 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to establish the correlation between serum selenium concentrations, total antioxidant status, and the carotid intima media thickness in ultrasound assessment in patients with arterial hypertension. A group of 76 people suffering from arterial hypertension was qualified to participate in the study. The mean age of the respondents was 53.48 ± 12.78. Serum selenium concentrations (Se-S) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were determined in all respondents. Se-S were determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy (HGAAS). The antioxidant status was assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, an ultrasound exam of the carotid arteries was performed, and the intima media thickness (cIMT) was measured. In the study group, Se-S and TAS were 89.73 ± 18.99 µg/L and 1.18 ± 0.35 mM. However, the cIMT measured using ultrasound was 0.68 ± 0.15 mm. cIMT was significantly greater in patients with arterial hypertension with Se-S < median in comparison to patients with arterial hypertension with Se-S ≥ median (0.73 ± 0.19 mm vs. 0.65 ± 0.10 mm, p < 0.05), as well as in patients with arterial hypertension with TAS < median than in patients with arterial hypertension with TAS ≥ median (0.79 ± 0.18 mm vs. 0.56 ± 0.13 mm, p < 0.05). In regression analysis, older age, higher BMI, smoking, and lower serum selenium concentrations were independently correlated with the greater cIMT. Higher BMI and smoking were independent risk factors for the lower TAS, and the use of ACE inhibitors, β-blockers, and higher Se-S were independent factors of protection against the lower TAS. In patients with arterial hypertension, the lower total antioxidant status due to lower serum selenium concentrations may be correlated with an increase of the carotid intima media thickness measured using ultrasound.
Collapse
|
7
|
Callcott ET, Blanchard CL, Snell P, Santhakumar AB. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of acute consumption of pigmented rice in humans. Food Funct 2020; 10:8230-8239. [PMID: 31729520 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02455g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of lifestyle diseases has been significantly correlated to high levels of oxidative stress and pro-inflammation. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols in coloured rice varieties could have potential to neutralize oxidative stress and modulate inflammatory responses. A cross-over design, randomised, dietary intervention human clinical trial was conducted on a pre-screened healthy population (n = 24) investigating the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of pigmented rice (purple, red and brown) varieties. Post baseline blood samples collection volunteers consumed a serve of cooked pigmented rice. Blood samples were collected at 30-minutes, 1, 2 and 4-hours post rice consumption. A one-week wash-out period between each supplementation bout (rice variety) was conducted. Blood and biochemical parameters were analysed on baseline blood samples. Antioxidant activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and a pro-inflammatory cytokine panel were analysed on the blood samples collected. Post purple rice consumption, antioxidant activity increased (p < 0.0001) by 70.5% and maintained elevated for all time points. The red rice variety Yunlu29, significantly (p < 0.005) reduced MDA levels by 9.2% at the 30-minute time point. Purple rice demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) decrease by 4.0% at the 30-minute time point only. Purple rice significantly decreased TNF-α levels at the 1-hour (p < 0.05) and 4-hour (p < 0.005) time points by 21.9% and 25.4% respectively. IL-6 concentrations were significantly reduced at 1 and 2-hour post Purple (p < 0.05; 11.7%) and Yunlu29 (red) (p < 0.01; 14.1%) consumption respectively. The brown rice variety did not affect any parameters tested. The outcomes of this study, highlight that polyphenols found in pigmented rice may play a key role in targeting specific oxidative stress and inflammatory therapeutic pathways. Pigmented rice varieties may serve as a potential functional food in reducing risk factors associated with lifestyle diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther T Callcott
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2650, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fysekidis M, Kesse-Guyot E, Valensi P, Arnault N, Galan P, Hercberg S, Cosson E. Association Between Adherence To The French Dietary Guidelines And Lower Resting Heart Rate, Longer Diastole Duration, And Lower Myocardial Oxygen Consumption. The NUTRIVASC Study. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2019; 15:463-475. [PMID: 31802880 PMCID: PMC6826965 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s215795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate whether chronic adherence to the French Nutrition and Health Program (PNNS) guidelines was associated with better cardiovascular health. Methods A study nested within the SU.VI.MAX2 cohort was conducted on participants without cardiovascular risk factors. Long-term adherence to the PNNS guidelines was estimated using validated dietary scores from 2007 and 2012. Individuals who did (PNNS+) and did not (PNNS−) continuously adhere to the PNNS guidelines were included. Applanation tonometry, impedance cardiography, laser doppler flowmetry, heart rate, heart rate variability, endothelial function was used for the assessment of cardiovascular health. Results A total of 49 subjects (mean age 65.4 ± 5.6 years, 75.5% women) had been included. Those in the PNNS+ group (n=26) were older, had a higher BMI and fat mass than those in the PNNS− group, both groups had similar metabolic parameters. After adjusting for sex, age, and BMI, PNNS+ subjects were found to have a lower heart rate (60.2 ± 8.0 vs 64.3 ± 8.4 beats/min, p=0.042), a lower heart rate × systolic blood pressure product (7166 ± 1323 vs 7788 ± 1680 beats× mmHg/min, p = 0.009), a longer diastole duration (66.7 ± 3.1% vs 64.6 ± 4.1% of the cardiac cycle duration, p=0.049), and a shorter tension–time index (2145 ± 489 vs 2307 ± 428 ms * mmHg, p=0.018) compared to the PNNS− group. Conclusion Long-term adherence to the PNNS guidelines had a favorable impact on heart rate, diastole duration, and myocardial oxygen consumption. Clinical Trial Registration number NCT01579409.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marinos Fysekidis
- AP-HP, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition, CRNH-Idf, CINFO, Paris 13 University, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France.,Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Université Paris 13, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Paris Cité, Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Bobigny F-93017, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Université Paris 13, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Paris Cité, Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Bobigny F-93017, France
| | - Paul Valensi
- AP-HP, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition, CRNH-Idf, CINFO, Paris 13 University, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France
| | - Nathalie Arnault
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Université Paris 13, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Paris Cité, Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Bobigny F-93017, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Université Paris 13, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Paris Cité, Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Bobigny F-93017, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Université Paris 13, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Paris Cité, Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Bobigny F-93017, France
| | - Emmanuel Cosson
- AP-HP, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition, CRNH-Idf, CINFO, Paris 13 University, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France.,Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Université Paris 13, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Centre d'Epidémiologie et Statistiques Paris Cité, Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Bobigny F-93017, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ji X, Leng XY, Dong Y, Ma YH, Xu W, Cao XP, Hou XH, Dong Q, Tan L, Yu JT. Modifiable risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis: a meta-analysis and systematic review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:632. [PMID: 31930033 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Carotid atherosclerosis is a major cause of stroke, but the conclusion about risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis is still controversial. The aim of our present meta-analysis and systematic review was to explore the modifiable risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis. Methods We searched PubMed from January 1962 to October 2018 to include longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. The results were pooled using random effects model. Heterogeneity was measured by I2 statistic and publication bias was assessed by funnel plots. Results A total of 14,700 articles were screened, of which 76 with 27 factors were eligible. Our meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies indicated nine factors (hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertension, hyperuricemia, smoking, metabolic syndrome, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes, and higher low density lipoprotein) were significantly associated with the presence of carotid plaque, among which four (hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertension, and hyperuricemia) could elevate the risk of atherosclerosis by at least 50%; and one factor (hypertension) was associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness. In the systematic review, another five factors [negative emotion, socioeconomic strain, alcohol, air pollution, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)] were also related to the presence of atherosclerosis. The cross-sectional associations with most of the above 14 factors were further confirmed by longitudinal studies. Among them, the managements of 4 factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and OSAS) were indicated to prevent carotid atherosclerosis by cohort studies. Conclusions Effective interventions targeting pre-existing disease, negative emotion, lifestyle and diet may reduce the risk of carotid atherosclerosis. Further good-quality prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ji
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Department of Neurology, Xuchang People's Hospital, Xuchang 461000, China
| | - Xin-Yi Leng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ya-Hui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xi-Peng Cao
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiao-He Hou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ferreira LL, Silva TR, Maturana MA, Spritzer PM. Dietary intake of isoflavones is associated with a lower prevalence of subclinical cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women: cross-sectional study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2019; 32:810-818. [PMID: 31305957 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopause has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. It has been shown that isoflavones protect vascular endothelial cells against induced oxidative stress injury. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between the dietary intake of isoflavones and the presence of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in postmenopausal women. METHODS Ninety-six postmenopausal women [mean (SD) age 55.2 (4.9) years, body mass index (BMI) 27.2 (4.6) kg m-2 ] completed the study protocol. Habitual physical activity was assessed using a digital pedometer, resting metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry and dietary intake was assessed via a validated food frequency questionnaire. Subclinical CVD was defined as carotid artery intima-media thickness (C-IMT) >0.9 mm and/or the presence of one or more atherosclerotic plaques in any of the studied segments. RESULTS Mean (SD) C-IMT was 0.74 (0.2) mm, 25% of participants were found to have atherosclerotic plaques and the prevalence of subclinical CVD was 35%. Participants with subclinical CVD were more likely to consume less selenium, magnesium, folate and isoflavones, even after adjusting for total energy intake. A multivariate-adjusted regression model showed that a BMI >27 kg m-2 was associated with 90% higher risk of having ≥1 plaque and/or C-IMT >0.9 mm (P = 0.017). Higher oestradiol levels (P = 0.004) and isoflavone intake (P = 0.021) were independently associated with a lower risk of having subclinical CVD. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we observed that a higher isoflavone dietary intake was associated with a lower risk of subclinical CVD in postmenopausal women, independent of BMI and endogenous oestradiol levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L L Ferreira
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - T R Silva
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M A Maturana
- Postgraduate Program, Cardiology University Foundation, Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - P M Spritzer
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Use of Nutraceuticals to Counteract Atherosclerosis: The Role of the Notch Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5470470. [PMID: 31915510 PMCID: PMC6935452 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5470470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the currently available pharmacotherapies, today, thirty percent of worldwide deaths are due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), whose primary cause is atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disorder characterized by the buildup of lipid deposits on the inside of arteries. Multiple cellular signaling pathways have been shown to be involved in the processes underlying atherosclerosis, and evidence has been accumulating for the crucial role of Notch receptors in regulating the functions of the diverse cell types involved in atherosclerosis onset and progression. Several classes of nutraceuticals have potential benefits for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and CVDs, some of which could in part be due to their ability to modulate the Notch pathway. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the role of Notch in vascular health and its modulation by nutraceuticals for the prevention of atherosclerosis and/or treatment of related CVDs.
Collapse
|
12
|
Swart R, Schutte AE, van Rooyen JM, Smith W, Mels CMC. The Association of Measures of the Micro- and Macro-Vasculature with Selenium and GPx Activity in a Young Bi-Ethnic Population: The African-PREDICT Study. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 38:614-622. [PMID: 30822227 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1570479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rijané Swart
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Aletta E. Schutte
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Johannes M. van Rooyen
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Wayne Smith
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Catharina M. C. Mels
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Maugeri A, Hruskova J, Jakubik J, Kunzova S, Sochor O, Barchitta M, Agodi A, Bauerova H, Medina-Inojosa JR, Vinciguerra M. Dietary antioxidant intake decreases carotid intima media thickness in women but not in men: A cross-sectional assessment in the Kardiovize study. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:274-281. [PMID: 30576781 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, with a higher burden on men than women during the occupational age. Intake of individual dietary antioxidants is inversely associated with risk of atherosclerosis development. We aimed to understand the relationship between dietary composite antioxidant intake and the carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), which is a proxy of atherosclerosis progression. APPROACH AND RESULTS We performed a cross-sectional analysis that included 894 members of the Kardiovize cohort, a random urban sample population. Nutrient intakes were derived by 24-h recall. We constructed a composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI), based on zinc, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids. We considered the CDAI as the exposure variable and primary outcomes were the following cardio-metabolic parameters: body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat mass (BFM), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and cIMT. Associations and interactions between variables were evaluated using linear regression analyses. In women, a 1 mg increase in dietary intake of zinc or vitamin E decreased the cIMT by 3.36 and 1.48 µm, respectively, after adjusting for covariates. Similarly, the cIMT decreased by 4.72 µm for each one-unit increase in CDAI (p = 0.018). Beyond CDAI, age (β = 3.61; SE=0.89; p = 0.001), systolic blood pressure (β = 1.30; SE=0.59; p = 0.029) and triglycerides (β = 22.94; SE=10.09; p = 0.024) were significant predictors of cIMT in women. By contrast, we found no association between CDAI and cIMT in men. CONCLUSIONS CDAI negatively associates with cIMT in women. These findings indicate that combined intake of nutrients with anti-oxidant properties might prevent the initiation and progression of arterial lesions in a sex-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Maugeri
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Jana Hruskova
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Jakubik
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Kunzova
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Sochor
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Barchitta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Agodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Hana Bauerova
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jose R Medina-Inojosa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Preventive Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Aoi W, Zou X, Xiao JB, Marunaka Y. Body Fluid pH Balance in Metabolic Health and Possible Benefits of Dietary Alkaline Foods. EFOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.190924.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|
15
|
Swart R, Schutte AE, van Rooyen JM, Mels CMC. Selenium and large artery structure and function: a 10-year prospective study. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:3313-3323. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1875-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
16
|
Effects of Multivitamin and Multimineral Supplementation on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of 12 Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081018. [PMID: 30081527 PMCID: PMC6116168 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have not drawn a consistent conclusion about effect of multivitamin and multimineral supplementation (MVMS) on blood pressure. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library (up to May 2018) and references of relevant articles was undertaken. The present meta-analysis included 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), of which eight RCTs in 2011 subjects evaluated the effect of MVMS on blood pressure and four RCTs in 21,196 subjects evaluated the effect of MVMS on the risk of hypertension. MVMS had a lowering effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP): the weighted mean difference (WMD) was -1.31 mmHg (95% CI, -2.48 to -0.14 mmHg) and -0.71 mmHg (95% CI, -1.43 to 0.00 mmHg), respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that the lowering effect of MVMS on blood pressure was only significant in 134 subjects with chronic disease but not in 1580 healthy subjects, and the WMD for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and DBP in subjects with chronic disease was -6.29 mmHg (95% CI, -11.09 to -1.50 mmHg) and -2.32 mmHg (95% CI, -4.50 to -0.13 mmHg), respectively. The effect size of MVMS on SBP in 58 hypertensive subjects (WMD, -7.98 mmHg; 95% CI, -14.95 to -1.02 mmHg) was more than six times of that in 1656 normotensive subjects (WMD, -1.25 mmHg; 95% CI, -2.48 to -0.02 mmHg). However, no significant effect on DBP was observed in both hypertensive and normotensive subgroups. There was no significant effect of MVMS on risk of hypertension in 22,852 subjects with a normal blood pressure at baseline. In conclusion, although MVMS had a significant lowering effect on blood pressure in normotensive subjects, the lowering effect was too small to effectively prevent future hypertension. MVMS may be an effective method for blood pressure control in subjects with chronic disease including hypertension, but the sample size of subjects with hypertension or other chronic disease was too small, and more well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm this result.
Collapse
|
17
|
Moss JWE, Williams JO, Ramji DP. Nutraceuticals as therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1562-1572. [PMID: 29454074 PMCID: PMC5906642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disorder of medium and large arteries and an underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), is responsible for a third of all global deaths. Current treatments for CVD, such as optimized statin therapy, are associated with considerable residual risk and several side effects in some patients. The outcome of research on the identification of alternative pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of CVD has been relatively disappointing with many promising leads failing at the clinical level. Nutraceuticals, products from food sources with health benefits beyond their nutritional value, represent promising agents in the prevention of CVD or as an add-on therapy with current treatments. This review will highlight the potential of several nutraceuticals, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids and other polyphenols, as anti-CVD therapies based on clinical and pre-clinical mechanism-based studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe W E Moss
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Jessica O Williams
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Ju W, Li X, Li Z, Wu GR, Fu XF, Yang XM, Zhang XQ, Gao XB. The effect of selenium supplementation on coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 44:8-16. [PMID: 28965605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium is a crucial mineral with antioxidant and immune functions, and selenium deficiency may increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the effect of selenium supplementation on CHD is still controversial according to numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The aim of our meta-analysis study was to investigate the impact of selenium on CHD. METHODS PUBMED, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were systematically searched to identify RCTs evaluating the effect of selenium supplementation on CHD mortality, blood lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol), serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and the level of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) from inception until September 20, 2016. Odds ratio of CHD mortality and the associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the fixed effect model. Weighted mean difference or standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to determine the lipid profile, serum CRP, and GSH-PX using fixed effect or random effect models depending on the observed heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 16 eligible RCTs with 43998 participants were included. Significant effects were observed for serum CRP (SMD=-0.48; 95% CI, -0.96 to 0; p=0.049) and GSH-PX (SMD=0.5; 95% CI, 0.36-0.64; p<0.001) after selenium supplementation. However, selenium supplementation was not statistically associated with CHD mortality and an aberrant lipid profile. CONCLUSION Selenium supplementation decreased serum CRP and increased the GSH-PX level, suggesting a positive effect on reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in CHD. However, selenium supplementation is not sufficient to reduce mortality and to improve the lipid status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Ju
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - G R Wu
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - X F Fu
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - X M Yang
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - X Q Zhang
- Laboratory of Physical and Chemical Inspection, Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
| | - X B Gao
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dugas TR. Unraveling mechanisms of toxicant-induced oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017; 7:1-8. [PMID: 29423456 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To date, numerous clinical studies examining correlations between oxidative stress biomarkers and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have repeatedly suggested a role for oxidant injury in the pathogenesis of diseases such as atherosclerosis. Despite this, antioxidant supplementation trials have not demonstrated a reduction in disease progression. Nevertheless, small animal and epidemiological studies have linked exposures to certain toxicants with increased CVD risk involving putative oxidative stress mechanisms. A few prototypical vascular toxicants will be discussed as examples of toxicants that likely act via oxidative stress mechanisms. For discussion, we will classify these toxicants as those that induce direct (e.g., arsenic, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) versus indirect (particulate matter, ozone) oxidative stress mechanisms, and those that likely induce CVD through both direct and indirect mechanisms (cigarette smoke). Finally, new findings in oxidative stress research, including the emerging importance of reactive sulfur species, hydrogen peroxide as a presumed endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors, etc., will be discussed, as well as the need to determine the role of toxicants in modulating these newly identified pathways. Moreover, given the lack of success in conclusively demonstrating the roles of oxidative stress in CVD risk stratification, research probing the roles of toxicant exposures in propagating CVD pathogenesis may be a novel approach for more conclusively delineating the causal role of oxidative stress in CVD initiation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tammy R Dugas
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Stupin A, Cosic A, Novak S, Vesel M, Jukic I, Popovic B, Karalic K, Loncaric Z, Drenjancevic I. Reduced Dietary Selenium Impairs Vascular Function by Increasing Oxidative Stress in Sprague-Dawley Rat Aortas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E591. [PMID: 28574428 PMCID: PMC5486277 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether low dietary Se content affects the function and mechanisms mediating the vascular relaxation of rat aortas, and to test the role of oxidative stress in observed differences. Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were maintained for 10 weeks on low Se (low-Se group; N = 20) or normal Se content (norm-Se group; N = 20) rat chow. Dose responses to acetylcholine (ACh; 10-9-10-5M) and the response to reduced pO₂ were tested in noradrenaline-precontracted aortic rings in the absence/presence of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), the cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1, 2) inhibitor Indomethacin, and the antioxidative agent Tempol in tissue bath. mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), catalase (CAT), and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured in rat aortas. Oxidative stress (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; TBARS), antioxidative plasma capacity (ferric reducing ability of plasma assay; FRAP), and protein levels of GPx1 were measured in plasma and serum samples, respectively. Reduced ACh-induced relaxation (AChIR) (dominantly mediated by NO) in the low-Se group compared to the norm-Se group was restored by Tempol administration. Hypoxia-induced relaxation (HIR) (dominantly mediated by COX-1, 2), TBARS, and FRAP as well as GPx1 serum concentrations were similar between the groups. mRNA GPx1 expression in rat aortas was significantly decreased in the low-Se compared to the norm-Se group. These data suggest that low dietary Se content increases the local oxidative stress level, which subsequently affects the NO-mediated vascular response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Anita Cosic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Sanja Novak
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Monika Vesel
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Jukic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Brigita Popovic
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Krunoslav Karalic
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Zdenko Loncaric
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Ines Drenjancevic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Aortic stiffness (AS) is an important predictor of cardiovascular morbidity in humans. The present review discusses the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of AS and focuses on a survey of different therapeutic modalities for decreasing AS. The influence of several nonpharmacological interventions is described: decrease body weight, diet, aerobic exercise training, music, and continuous positive airway pressure therapy. The effects of different pharmacological drug classes on AS are also discussed: antihypertensive drugs-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system drugs, beta-blockers, alpha-blockers, diuretics, and calcium channel blockers (CCBs)-advanced glycation end product cross-link breakers, statins, oral anti-diabetics, anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamin D, antioxidant vitamins, and endothelin-1 receptor antagonists. All of these have shown some effect in decreasing AS.
Collapse
|
23
|
Crosstalk between Vitamins A, B12, D, K, C, and E Status and Arterial Stiffness. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:8784971. [PMID: 28167849 PMCID: PMC5266829 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8784971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is associated with cardiovascular risk, morbidity, and mortality. The present paper reviews the main vitamins related to arterial stiffness and enabling destiffening, their mechanisms of action, providing a brief description of the latest studies in the area, and their implications for primary cardiovascular prevention, clinical practice, and therapy. Despite inconsistent evidence for destiffening induced by vitamin supplementation in several randomized clinical trials, positive results were obtained in specific populations. The main mechanisms are related to antiatherogenic effects, improvement of endothelial function (vitamins A, C, D, and E) and metabolic profile (vitamins A, B12, C, D, and K), inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (vitamin D), anti-inflammatory (vitamins A, D, E, and K) and antioxidant effects (vitamins A, C, and E), decrease of homocysteine level (vitamin B12), and reversing calcification of arteries (vitamin K). Vitamins A, B12, C, D, E, and K status is important in evaluating cardiovascular risk, and vitamin supplementation may be an effective, individualized, and inexpensive destiffening therapy.
Collapse
|
24
|
Santos-Parker JR, Strahler TR, Bassett CJ, Bispham NZ, Chonchol MB, Seals DR. Curcumin supplementation improves vascular endothelial function in healthy middle-aged and older adults by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and reducing oxidative stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:187-208. [PMID: 28070018 PMCID: PMC5310664 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that curcumin would improve resistance and conduit artery endothelial function and large elastic artery stiffness in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Thirty-nine healthy men and postmenopausal women (45-74 yrs) were randomized to 12 weeks of curcumin (2000 mg/day Longvida®; n=20) or placebo (n=19) supplementation. Forearm blood flow response to acetylcholine infusions (FBFACh; resistance artery endothelial function) increased 37% following curcumin supplementation (107±13 vs. 84±11 AUC at baseline, P=0.03), but not placebo (P=0.2). Curcumin treatment augmented the acute reduction in FBFACh induced by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; P=0.03), and reduced the acute increase in FBFACh to the antioxidant vitamin C (P=0.02), whereas placebo had no effect (both P>0.6). Similarly, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (conduit artery endothelial function) increased 36% in the curcumin group (5.7±0.4 vs. 4.4±0.4% at baseline, P=0.001), with no change in placebo (P=0.1). Neither curcumin nor placebo influenced large elastic artery stiffness (aortic pulse wave velocity or carotid artery compliance) or circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation (all P>0.1). In healthy middle-aged and older adults, 12 weeks of curcumin supplementation improves resistance artery endothelial function by increasing vascular nitric oxide bioavailability and reducing oxidative stress, while also improving conduit artery endothelial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Talia R. Strahler
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Candace J. Bassett
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Nina Z. Bispham
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Michel B. Chonchol
- Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Douglas R. Seals
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hosseini B, Saedisomeolia A, Skilton MR. Association between Micronutrients Intake/Status and Carotid Intima Media Thickness: A Systematic Review. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016; 117:69-82. [PMID: 27863993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid intima media thickness (IMT) is a noninvasive marker of the extent and severity of subclinical atherosclerosis. Micronutrient intake may affect atherosclerosis and play a major role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this review was to synthesize the evidence regarding the association between carotid IMT and selected micronutrients. METHOD The authors searched PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases from inception to June 2016 for selected micronutrients, CVD, carotid IMT, and antioxidants. Thirty-five original studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed following preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines. RESULTS Although not all studies found consistent results, the weight of the evidence suggests that high intakes and/or circulatory levels of magnesium, as well as vitamin D and the vitamin B group, may be associated with lower carotid IMT or reduced progression of carotid IMT. The majority of studies did not find any significant association between vitamin E and C and carotid IMT. Less evidence was available for associations of retinol, zinc, and iron with carotid IMT. CONCLUSIONS In general, the current evidence concerning micronutrient intake and carotid IMT is largely inconclusive. Pragmatic clinical trials are required to determine whether dietary or supplemental intake of specific micronutrients alters carotid IMT, which is a surrogate measure of cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Hormesis is a process whereby exposure to a low dose of a potentially harmful stressor promotes adaptive changes to the cell that enables it to better tolerate subsequent stress. In recent years this concept has been applied specifically to the mitochondria (mitohormesis), suggesting that in response to a perturbation the mitochondria can initiate and transduce a signal to the nucleus that coordinates a transcriptional response resulting in both mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial adaptations that return and maintain cellular homeostasis. In this review we summarize the evidence that mitohormesis is a significant adaptive-response signaling pathway, and suggest that it plays a role in mediating exercise-induced adaptations. We discuss potential mitochondrial emitters of retrograde signals that may activate known exercise-sensitive transcription factors to modulate transcription responses to exercise, and draw on evidence from mitochondrial dysfunction animal models to support a role for mitohormesis in mitochondrial biogenesis. Studies directly linking mitohormesis to the exercise training response are lacking, however mounting evidence suggests numerous signals are emitted from the mitochondria during exercise and have the potential to induce a nuclear transcription response, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) being the primary candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Troy L Merry
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), 8603 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), 8603 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kaplon RE, Hill SD, Bispham NZ, Santos-Parker JR, Nowlan MJ, Snyder LL, Chonchol M, LaRocca TJ, McQueen MB, Seals DR. Oral trehalose supplementation improves resistance artery endothelial function in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:1167-83. [PMID: 27208415 PMCID: PMC4931825 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that supplementation with trehalose, a disaccharide that reverses arterial aging in mice, would improve vascular function in middle-aged and older (MA/O) men and women. Thirty-two healthy adults aged 50-77 years consumed 100 g/day of trehalose (n=15) or maltose (n=17, isocaloric control) for 12 weeks (randomized, double-blind). In subjects with Δbody mass less than 2.3kg (5 lb.), resistance artery endothelial function, assessed by forearm blood flow to brachial artery infusion of acetylcholine (FBFACh), increased ~30% with trehalose (13.3±1.0 vs. 10.5±1.1 AUC, P=0.02), but not maltose (P=0.40). This improvement in FBFACh was abolished when endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production was inhibited. Endothelium-independent dilation, assessed by FBF to sodium nitroprusside (FBFSNP), also increased ~30% with trehalose (155±13 vs. 116±12 AUC, P=0.03) but not maltose (P=0.92). Changes in FBFACh and FBFSNP with trehalose were not significant when subjects with Δbody mass ≥ 2.3kg were included. Trehalose supplementation had no effect on conduit artery endothelial function, large elastic artery stiffness or circulating markers of oxidative stress or inflammation (all P>0.1) independent of changes in body weight. Our findings demonstrate that oral trehalose improves resistance artery (microvascular) function, a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, in MA/O adults, possibly through increasing NO bioavailability and smooth muscle sensitivity to NO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle E. Kaplon
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Sierra D. Hill
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Nina Z. Bispham
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | - Molly J. Nowlan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Laura L. Snyder
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas J. LaRocca
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Matthew B. McQueen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Douglas R. Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Emanuele Bianchi V, Falcioni G. Reactive oxygen species, health and longevity. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2016.4.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
|
29
|
Koshiba H, maeshima E, Okumura Y. The relationship between arterial stiffness and the lifestyle habits of female athletes after retiring from competitive sports: a prospective study. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 37:474-480. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Koshiba
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences; Graduate School of Sport Sciences; Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences; Sennan-Gun Osaka Japan
| | - Estuko maeshima
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences; Graduate School of Sport Sciences; Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences; Sennan-Gun Osaka Japan
| | - Yuka Okumura
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences; Graduate School of Sport Sciences; Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences; Sennan-Gun Osaka Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Otsuki T, Shimizu K, Maeda S. Changes in arterial stiffness and nitric oxide production with Chlorella-derived multicomponent supplementation in middle-aged and older individuals. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 57:228-32. [PMID: 26566309 PMCID: PMC4639594 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorella is a unicellular green alga, which contains a variety of nutrients including amino acids, dietary fibers, n-3 unsaturated fatty acid, vitamins, and minerals. We previously demonstrated that Chlorella-derived multicomponent supplementation decreases arterial stiffness in young men. However, mechanisms underlying the reduction in arterial stiffness by Chlorella-derived supplementation and the effect in middle-aged and older individuals have remained unexplored. This study tested our hypothesis that Chlorella-derived supplementation improves arterial stiffness via an increase in nitric oxide (NO, a endothelium-derived relaxing factor) production in middle-aged and older individuals. Thirty-two subjects between 45 and 75 years of age assigned to placebo and Chlorella groups in a double-blinded manner and took respective tablets for 4 weeks. Before and after the supplementations, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV, an index of arterial stiffness) and plasma nitrite/nitrate (NOx, end product of NO) concentration were measured. There was no difference in baPWV between before and after the placebo intake, but baPWV decreased after the Chlorella supplementation. Changes in baPWV with the Chlorella supplementation were correlated with those in plasma NOx concentration. We concluded that Chlorella-derived multicomponent supplementation decreases arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older individuals. It may be associated with increase in NO production by vascular endothelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Otsuki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, 120 Ryugasaki, Ibaraki 301-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shimizu
- Sports Research & Development Core, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Effect of vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation on endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:1182-94. [PMID: 25919436 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Randomised controlled trials (RCT) testing the effects of antioxidant supplements on endothelial function (EF) have reported conflicting results. We aimed to investigate the effects of supplementation with antioxidant vitamins C and E on EF and to explore factors that may provide explanations for the inconsistent results. We searched four databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Scopus) from inception until May 2014 for RCT involving adult participants aged ≥18 years who were supplemented with vitamins C and E alone or in combination for more than 2 weeks and reporting changes in EF measured using flow mediated dilation or forearm blood flow. Data were pooled as standardised mean difference (SMD) and analysed using a random-effects model. Significant improvements in EF were observed in trials supplementing with vitamin C alone (500-2000 mg/d) (SMD: 0·25, 95% CI 0·02, 0·49, P=0·043) and vitamin E alone (300-1800 IU/d; 1 IU vitamin E=0·67 mg natural vitamin E) (SMD: 0·48, 95% CI 0·23, 0·72, P=0·0001), whereas co-administration of both vitamins was ineffective (vitamin C: 500-2000 mg/d; vitamin E: 400-1200 IU/d) (SMD: 0·12, 95% CI-0·18, 0·42, P=0·428). The effect of vitamin C supplementation on EF increased significantly with age (β 0·023, 95% CI 0·001, 0·05, P=0·042). There was a significant negative correlation between baseline plasma vitamin E concentration and the effect of vitamin E supplementation on EF (β-0·03, 95% CI-0·06, -0·001, P=0·029). Supplementation with either vitamin C or vitamin E alone improves EF. However, subgroup analysis emphasises the importance of careful characterisation and selection of a population group which may benefit from such supplementation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Ziaja D, Chudek J, Sznapka M, Kita A, Biolik G, Sieroń-Stołtny K, Pawlicki K, Domalik J, Ziaja K. Trace elements in the wall of abdominal aortic aneurysms with and without coexisting iliac artery aneurysms. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 165:119-22. [PMID: 25637566 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Iliac artery aneurysms (IAA) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) frequently coexist. It remains unknown whether the content of trace elements in AAA walls depends on the coexistence of IAAs. The aim of this study was to compare the content of selected trace elements in AAA walls depending on the coexistence of IAAs. The content of trace elements was assessed in samples of AAA walls harvested intraoperatively in 19 consecutive patients. In the studied group, coexisting IAAs were diagnosed in 11 out of the 19 patients with AAA. The coexistence of IAAs was associated with a slightly lower content of nickel (0.28 (0.15-0.40) vs. 0.32 (0-0.85) mg/g; p = 0.09) and a significantly higher content of cadmium (0.71 (0.26-1.17) vs. 0.25 (0.20-0.31) mg/g; p = 0.04) in AAA walls. The levels of the remaining studied elements, copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium and calcium, were comparable. The elevated levels of cadmium in the walls of AAA coexisting with IAAs may suggest an impact of the accumulation of this trace element on the greater damage of the iliac artery wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damian Ziaja
- Physiotherapy Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang X, Liu C, Guo J, Song Y. Selenium status and cardiovascular diseases: meta-analysis of prospective observational studies and randomized controlled trials. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 70:162-9. [PMID: 25990689 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Selenium was thought to have a role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) owing to its antioxidant properties; however, evidence from observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has been inconsistent and controversial. We thus conducted a meta-analysis to assess the discrepancies between observational and randomized trial evidence. SUBJECTS/METHODS We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for eligible prospective studies regarding the relationship between selenium and CVD up to 15 December 2013 and finally included 16 prospective observational studies and 16 RCTs. Random effects model was used to estimate the pooled relative risk (RR). Generalized least-squares trend test and restricted cubic spline model were performed to assess a linear and a nonlinear dose-response relationship. RESULTS Our meta-analysis of prospective studies showed a nonlinear relationship of CVD risk with blood selenium concentrations across a range of 30-165 μg/l and a significant benefit of CVD within a narrow selenium range of 55-145 μg/l. Our meta-analyses of RCTs showed that oral selenium supplements (median dose: 200 μg/day) for 2 weeks to 144 months significantly raised the blood selenium concentrations by 56.4 μg/l (95% confidence interval (CI): 40.9, 72.0 μg/l), whereas oral selenium supplements (median: 100 μg/day) for 6 to 114 months caused no effect on CVD (RR=0.91; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.10). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis in prospective studies demonstrated a significant inverse association between selenium status and CVD risk within a narrow selenium range and a null effect of selenium supplementation on CVD was observed in RCTs. These findings indicate the importance of considering selenium status, dose and safety in health assessment and future study design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - C Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - J Guo
- Centre for the Youth Sport Research and Development, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Y Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Habitual dietary intake of β-carotene, vitamin C, folate, or vitamin E may interact with single nucleotide polymorphisms on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in healthy adults. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:855-866. [PMID: 25869180 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The interaction between genetics and diet may explain the present disagreement in the protective role of vitamin intake on cardiovascular disease. We cross-sectionally assessed the interaction of habitual dietary intake of β-carotene, vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness. METHODS Dietary intakes of β-carotene, vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E were quantified by a food frequency questionnaire in 3198 healthy men and women (≥ 40 years) from the Korea Multi-Rural communities Cohort study. baPWV was measured, and 19 SNPs were genotyped. The associations and interactions between dietary vitamin intake, SNP genotype, and baPWV were assessed using general linear models. RESULTS In both men and women, dietary intake of β-carotene, vitamin C, folate, or vitamin E and baPWV were not directly associated. Vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E intake had an interaction with rs4961 (ADD1) genotype on baPWV in men. rs4961 also interacted with folate intake on baPWV in women. In women, rs10817542 (ZNF618) and rs719856 (CD2AP) had an interaction with β-carotene and folate intake and rs5443 (GNB3) had an interaction with vitamin E intake on baPWV. In general, minor allele homozygotes with low vitamin intake had higher baPWV than other subgroups. Results were similar when supplement users were excluded. CONCLUSIONS Higher intake of dietary vitamin C, folate, and vitamin E may be related to high baPWV in healthy Korean men who are minor allele homozygotes of rs4961. In healthy Korean women, dietary folate, β-carotene, and vitamin E intake may affect baPWV differently according to rs4961, rs10817542, rs719856, or rs5443 genotype. Greater dietary intake of these nutrients may protect those that are genetically vulnerable to stiffening of the arteries.
Collapse
|
35
|
Jiang S, Pan Z, Li H, Li F, Song Y, Qiu Y. Meta-analysis: low-dose intake of vitamin E combined with other vitamins or minerals may decrease all-cause mortality. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2015; 60:194-205. [PMID: 25078376 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.60.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that vitamin E alone or combined with other vitamins or minerals can prevent oxidative stress and slow oxidative injury-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library was performed. Relative risk was used as an effect measure to compare the intervention and control groups. A total of 33 trials were included in the meta-analysis. Neither vitamin E intake alone (RR=1.01; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.04; p=0.77) nor vitamin E intake combined with other agents (RR=0.97; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.06; p=0.55) was correlated with all-cause mortality. Subgroup analyses revealed that low-dose vitamin E supplementation combined with other agents is associated with a statistically significant reduction in all-cause mortality (RR=0.92; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.98; p=0.01), and vitamin E intake combined with other agents is associated with a statistically significant reduction in mortality rates among individuals without probable or confirmed diseases (RR=0.92; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.99; p=0.02). Neither vitamin E intake alone nor combined with other agents is associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality. But a low dose (<400 IU/d) of vitamin E combined with other agents is correlated with a reduction in all-cause mortality, and vitamin E intake combined with other agents is correlated with a reduction in the mortality rate among individuals without probable or confirmed diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Polidori MC, Ruggiero C, Croce MF, Raichi T, Mangialasche F, Cecchetti R, Pelini L, Paolacci L, Ercolani S, Mecocci P. Association of increased carotid intima-media thickness and lower plasma levels of vitamin C and vitamin E in old age subjects: implications for Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 122:523-30. [PMID: 25585970 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In light of the recent advances regarding the role of vascularity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology, the relationship between plasma levels and activities of the major antioxidant molecules and the carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) of older persons with no or very mild cognitive impairment was evaluated. The underlying hypothesis is that the IMT may be an indirect index of vascular damage in persons with low levels of plasma antioxidants. Plasma levels of vitamins A, C, E, of uric acid as well as activities of the plasma antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured. Plasma levels of vitamins C and E significantly decreased among participants from the first to the fourth IMT quartile, with a linear slope only for vitamin C. Compared to participants in the lowest vitamin C quartile, the probability to have IMT >1.2 mm significantly decreased among persons from the second to the fourth quartile independent of confounders. In conclusion, only vitamin C plasma levels appear to be selectively associated with the risk of increasing C-IMT. An adequate vitamin C status might be particularly important for protection against AD and other clinical manifestations of vascular and cognitive ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Polidori
- Geriatrics Department, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Antioxidant vitamins supplementation and arterial stiffness: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Proc Nutr Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665115000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
38
|
Ashor AW, Siervo M, Lara J, Oggioni C, Mathers JC. Antioxidant vitamin supplementation reduces arterial stiffness in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Nutr 2014; 144:1594-602. [PMID: 25098780 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.195826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies tested the effects of supplementation with antioxidant vitamins on arterial stiffness, but the results were contradictory. OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the effect of antioxidant vitamins on arterial stiffness and to determine whether the effects on arterial stiffness vary according to dose, duration of intervention, and health or nutritional status of the included participants. METHODS We searched 3 databases (Medline, Embase, and Scopus) for articles that potentially met the following eligibility criteria: 1) randomized controlled trials comparing antioxidant vitamins (vitamins C, E, and A and β-carotene) to either placebo or no active control in 2) adult participants aged ≥18 y; 3) antioxidant vitamins administered alone or in combination, irrespective of dose, duration, and route of administration; and 4) changes in arterial stiffness or arterial compliance. Data were pooled as standardized mean differences (SMDs) and analyzed using fixed- and random-effects models. RESULTS Data synthesis showed that antioxidant vitamins reduced arterial stiffness significantly (SMD: -0.17; 95% CI: -0.26, -0.08; P < 0.001). This effect was significant in experimental (SMD: -1.02; 95% CI: -1.54, -0.49; P < 0.001) and primary prevention (SMD: -0.14; 95% CI: -0.24, -0.04; P < 0.01) studies, whereas a trend for reduced arterial stiffness was observed in studies including participants with diseases (SMD: -0.19; 95% CI: -0.40, 0.02; P = 0.08). Vitamin supplementation improved arterial stiffness irrespective of age group and duration of intervention. Antioxidant vitamins were more effective in participants with low baseline plasma concentrations of vitamins C (SMD: -0.35; 95% CI: -0.62, -0.07; P < 0.016) and E (SMD: -0.79; 95% CI: -1.23, -0.33; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with antioxidant vitamins has a small, protective effect on arterial stiffness. The effect may be augmented in those with lower baseline plasma vitamin E and C concentrations. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42014007260.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammar W Ashor
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; and College of Medicine, University of Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; and
| | - Jose Lara
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; and
| | - Clio Oggioni
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; and
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; and
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Importance of pH homeostasis in metabolic health and diseases: crucial role of membrane proton transport. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:598986. [PMID: 25302301 PMCID: PMC4180894 DOI: 10.1155/2014/598986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protons dissociated from organic acids in cells are partly buffered. If not, they are transported to the extracellular fluid through the plasma membrane and buffered in circulation or excreted in urine and expiration gas. Several transporters including monocarboxylate transporters and Na(+)/H(+) exchanger play an important role in uptake and output of protons across plasma membranes in cells of metabolic tissues including skeletal muscle and the liver. They also contribute to maintenance of the physiological pH of body fluid. Therefore, impairment of these transporters causes dysfunction of cells, diseases, and a decrease in physical performance associated with abnormal pH. Additionally, it is known that fluid pH in the interstitial space of metabolic tissues is easily changed due to little pH buffering capacitance in interstitial fluids and a reduction in the interstitial fluid pH may mediate the onset of insulin resistance unlike blood containing pH buffers such as Hb (hemoglobin) and albumin. In contrast, habitual exercise and dietary intervention regulate expression/activity of transporters and maintain body fluid pH, which could partly explain the positive effect of healthy lifestyle on disease prognosis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Ristow M, Schmeisser K. Mitohormesis: Promoting Health and Lifespan by Increased Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Dose Response 2014; 12:288-341. [PMID: 24910588 PMCID: PMC4036400 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.13-035.ristow] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS), consisting of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and multiple others, do not only cause oxidative stress, but rather may function as signaling molecules that promote health by preventing or delaying a number of chronic diseases, and ultimately extend lifespan. While high levels of ROS are generally accepted to cause cellular damage and to promote aging, low levels of these may rather improve systemic defense mechanisms by inducing an adaptive response. This concept has been named mitochondrial hormesis or mitohormesis. We here evaluate and summarize more than 500 publications from current literature regarding such ROS-mediated low-dose signaling events, including calorie restriction, hypoxia, temperature stress, and physical activity, as well as signaling events downstream of insulin/IGF-1 receptors, AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK), target-of-rapamycin (TOR), and lastly sirtuins to culminate in control of proteostasis, unfolded protein response (UPR), stem cell maintenance and stress resistance. Additionally, consequences of interfering with such ROS signals by pharmacological or natural compounds are being discussed, concluding that particularly antioxidants are useless or even harmful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich), Schwerzenbach/Zürich, CH 8603, Switzerland
- Dept. of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, University of Jena, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schmeisser
- Dept. of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, University of Jena, Jena D-07743, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ascorbic acid and the brain: rationale for the use against cognitive decline. Nutrients 2014; 6:1752-81. [PMID: 24763117 PMCID: PMC4011065 DOI: 10.3390/nu6041752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is focused upon the role of ascorbic acid (AA, vitamin C) in the promotion of healthy brain aging. Particular attention is attributed to the biochemistry and neuronal metabolism interface, transport across tissues, animal models that are useful for this area of research, and the human studies that implicate AA in the continuum between normal cognitive aging and age-related cognitive decline up to Alzheimer’s disease. Vascular risk factors and comorbidity relationships with cognitive decline and AA are discussed to facilitate strategies for advancing AA research in the area of brain health and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ng KP, Stringer SJ, Jesky MD, Yadav P, Athwal R, Dutton M, Ferro CJ, Cockwell P. Allopurinol is an independent determinant of improved arterial stiffness in chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91961. [PMID: 24632580 PMCID: PMC3954864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arterial stiffness is increased in patients with CKD and is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Use of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol has been shown to improve endothelial function, reduce left ventricular hypertrophy and possibly improve cardiovascular outcome. We explored the relationship between use of allopurinol and arterial stiffness in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods Cross-sectional observational study of 422 patients with CKD with evidence of, or at high risk of, renal disease progression. Arterial stiffness was determined by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV). Results The mean age was 63±16 years, median estimated glomerular filtration rate was 25 (interquartile range: 19–31) ml/min/1.73 m2 and mean PWV was 10.2±2.4 m/s. Seventy-seven patients (18%) were receiving regular allopurinol, 61% at a dose of 100 mg/day (range: 50–400 mg/day). Patients receiving allopurinol had significantly lower peripheral pulse pressure, central pulse pressure, central systolic blood pressure, serum uric acid level tissue advanced glycation end product levels but comparable high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. Use of allopurinol was associated with lower PWV. After adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, tissue advanced glycation end product level, peripheral pulse pressure, smoking pack years, presence of diabetes mellitus and use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker, the use of allopurinol remained a significant independent determinant of PWV (mean difference: −0.63 m/s; 95% CI, −0.09 to −1.17 m/s, p = 0.02). Conclusion In patients with CKD, use of allopurinol is independently associated with lower arterial stiffness. This study provides further justification for a large definitive randomised controlled trial examining the therapeutic potential of allopurinol to reduce cardiovascular risk in people with CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khai P. Ng
- Department of Renal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie J. Stringer
- Department of Renal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D. Jesky
- Department of Renal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Punit Yadav
- Department of Renal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rajbir Athwal
- Department of Renal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Dutton
- Department of Renal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charles J. Ferro
- Department of Renal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Cockwell
- Department of Renal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Reactive oxygen species, vascular Noxs, and hypertension: focus on translational and clinical research. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:164-82. [PMID: 23600794 PMCID: PMC3880913 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules that are important in physiological processes, including host defense, aging, and cellular homeostasis. Increased ROS bioavailability and altered redox signaling (oxidative stress) have been implicated in the onset and/or progression of chronic diseases, including hypertension. RECENT ADVANCES Although oxidative stress may not be the only cause of hypertension, it amplifies blood pressure elevation in the presence of other pro-hypertensive factors, such as salt loading, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and sympathetic hyperactivity, at least in experimental models. A major source for ROS in the cardiovascular-renal system is a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (Noxs), including the prototypic Nox2-based Nox, and Nox family members: Nox1, Nox4, and Nox5. CRITICAL ISSUES Although extensive experimental data support a role for increased ROS levels and altered redox signaling in the pathogenesis of hypertension, the role in clinical hypertension is unclear, as a direct causative role of ROS in blood pressure elevation has yet to be demonstrated in humans. Nevertheless, what is becoming increasingly evident is that abnormal ROS regulation and aberrant signaling through redox-sensitive pathways are important in the pathophysiological processes which is associated with vascular injury and target-organ damage in hypertension. FUTURE DIRECTIONS There is a paucity of clinical information related to the mechanisms of oxidative stress and blood pressure elevation, and a few assays accurately measure ROS directly in patients. Such further ROS research is needed in humans and in the development of adequately validated analytical methods to accurately assess oxidative stress in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow , Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Otsuki T, Shimizu K, Iemitsu M, Kono I. Multicomponent supplement containing Chlorella decreases arterial stiffness in healthy young men. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2013; 53:166-9. [PMID: 24249971 PMCID: PMC3818271 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.13-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorella, a unicellular green alga, contains various antioxidants and other nutrients such as amino acids and fiber. Previous studies have reported that supplementation with multiple antioxidants reduces arterial stiffness, a well-established cardiovascular risk factor. We investigated the effects of Chlorella intake on arterial stiffness using a single-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study design. Fourteen young men took placebo or Chlorella tablets for four weeks, with a 12-week washout period between trials, in a randomized order. Before and after each trial, blood pressure, heart rate, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, an index of arterial stiffness, were measured. Treatment compliance was comparable between the two groups. There were no differences in blood pressure and heart rate before and after supplementation in both the placebo and Chlorella groups. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity decreased after Chlorella intake (before vs after intake; 11.6 ± 0.2 vs 11.1 ± 0.1 m/s, p = 0.01), but not after placebo intake (11.4 ± 0.2 vs 11.4 ± 0.2 m/s, p = 0.98). Multicomponent analysis of the Chlorella-containing tablet detected nutrients that can reduce arterial stiffness, such as antioxidant vitamins, arginine, potassium, calcium, and n-3 unsaturated fatty acids. These results suggest that intake of a Chlorella-containing multicomponent supplement can decrease arterial stiffness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Otsuki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, 120 Ryugasaki, Ibaraki 301-8555, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dato S, Crocco P, D'Aquila P, de Rango F, Bellizzi D, Rose G, Passarino G. Exploring the role of genetic variability and lifestyle in oxidative stress response for healthy aging and longevity. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:16443-72. [PMID: 23965963 PMCID: PMC3759920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140816443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is both the cause and consequence of impaired functional homeostasis characterizing human aging. The worsening efficiency of stress response with age represents a health risk and leads to the onset and accrual of major age-related diseases. In contrast, centenarians seem to have evolved conservative stress response mechanisms, probably derived from a combination of a diet rich in natural antioxidants, an active lifestyle and a favorable genetic background, particularly rich in genetic variants able to counteract the stress overload at the level of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. The integration of these factors could allow centenarians to maintain moderate levels of free radicals that exert beneficial signaling and modulator effects on cellular metabolism. Considering the hot debate on the efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in promoting healthy aging, in this review we gathered the existing information regarding genetic variability and lifestyle factors which potentially modulate the stress response at old age. Evidence reported here suggests that the integration of lifestyle factors (moderate physical activity and healthy nutrition) and genetic background could shift the balance in favor of the antioxidant cellular machinery by activating appropriate defense mechanisms in response to exceeding external and internal stress levels, and thus possibly achieving the prospect of living a longer life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Dato
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Heart Science, University of Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci cubo 4c, Rende 87036, CS, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
EL-Meghawry EL-Kenawy A, Osman HEH, Daghestani MH. The effect of vitamin C administration on monosodium glutamate induced liver injury. An experimental study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:513-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
47
|
Gupte AA, Lyon CJ, Hsueh WA. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like-2 factor (Nrf2), a key regulator of the antioxidant response to protect against atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Curr Diab Rep 2013; 13:362-71. [PMID: 23475581 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-013-0372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue oxidative stress is a common hallmark of atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 2 conditions linked epidemiologically and pathophysiologically. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the master regulator of inducible antioxidant responses, that can attenuate cellular injury from oxidative stress induced by obesity and other redox insults. Nrf2 expression and activation is reduced in mouse and human vessels that harbor accelerated atherosclerosis and in livers with histologic criteria of NASH. Systemic antioxidants have thus been attractive therapeutic targets, but clinical trials have been largely unsuccessful in improving cardiovascular health. Macrophage-selective Nrf2 activation may, however, provide an approach to reduce vascular and hepatocyte injury without the complications of systemic antioxidants, since macrophages play key roles in the development and progression of both atherosclerosis and NASH. In this article, we review the common mechanisms of oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerosis and NASH, and discuss the role of Nrf2 in vascular and hepatocyte protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anisha A Gupte
- The Methodist Diabetes and Metabolism Institute, Center for Diabetes Research in The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, R8-111, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, 77030 TX, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Agarwal M, Mehta PK, Dwyer JH, Dwyer KM, Shircore AM, Nordstrom CK, Sun P, Paul-Labrador M, Yang Y, Merz CNB. Differing Relations to Early Atherosclerosis between Vitamin C from Supplements vs. Food in the Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study: A Prospective Cohort Study. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2012; 6:113-21. [PMID: 23002405 PMCID: PMC3447163 DOI: 10.2174/1874192401206010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship of vitamin c intake from supplements vs food on early atherosclerosis detected by carotid intima media thickness (IMT). BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction play a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Dietary vitamin C appears to have anti-oxidant properties and beneficial relations to endothelial function, yet vitamin C taken as a vitamin supplement does not appear to protect from cardiovascular events. The impact of vitamin c intake from supplements vs food on progression of atherosclerosis is unknown. METHODS We examined 3-year progression of carotid IMT in a randomly sampled cohort of 573 healthy women and men aged 40-60 years. Progression of carotid IMT was determined bilaterally with B-mode ultrasound at 3 examinations (1.5-year intervals). Intake of dietary vitamin C was measured by six, 24-hour recall interviews. Intake of vitamin C from vitamin supplements was measured by questionnaire in quartiles of supplement intake and no supplement. Vitamin C wasmeasured in plasma as ascorbic acid. RESULTS Carotid IMT progressed 10.0±16.5 μm/year (mean±SD) among all those with follow-up (n=500; 87%). For those who took vitamin C supplements, carotid IMT progression increased with dose (p-trend=0.0009). Among persons in the highest quartile (857-5000 mg/day) of vitamin C supplement intake compared to those not consuming any vitamin C supplements, carotid IMT progression increased three-fold (20.3±2.6 versus 7.6±1.8 μm/year (mean±SD); p<0.001). The adverse association of vitamin C supplement intake with carotid IMT was two-fold greater in the upper tertile of serum cholesterol compared to the lower two tertiles (p=0.01). In contrast to the adverse association of vitamin C supplements, vitamin C intake from food had a weak protective relationship on carotid IMT progression (reduced progression -5.0±1.9 μm/year; p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin C supplementation is associated with accelerated early atherosclerosis measured by carotid IMT compared to a protective association with vitamin C from food. Theadverse association of vitamin C supplementation may be greater in patients with higher serum cholesterol levels. The current results provide a potential mechanistic understanding for the observed differences between Vitamin C in supplements vs food in prior studies. Given these observations,vitamin C supplementation does not appear to be currently advisable for prevention or treatment of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Agarwal
- Women’s Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Puja K Mehta
- Women’s Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James H Dwyer
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Deceased This work was supported by grants from the NHLBI (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, USA; grants R01 HL49910 and R01 073108-01), TRDRP (Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program, USA; grant 7RT-0034) and a GCRC grant MO1-RR00425 from the National Center for Research Resources, and grants from the Gustavus and Louis Pfeiffer Research Foundation, Denville, New Jersey, the Women’s Guild of Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, the Edythe L. Broad Women’s Heart Research Fellowship, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, and the Barbra Streisand Women’s Cardiovascular Research and Education Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kathleen M Dwyer
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anne M Shircore
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Ping Sun
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maura Paul-Labrador
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Deceased This work was supported by grants from the NHLBI (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, USA; grants R01 HL49910 and R01 073108-01), TRDRP (Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program, USA; grant 7RT-0034) and a GCRC grant MO1-RR00425 from the National Center for Research Resources, and grants from the Gustavus and Louis Pfeiffer Research Foundation, Denville, New Jersey, the Women’s Guild of Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, the Edythe L. Broad Women’s Heart Research Fellowship, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, and the Barbra Streisand Women’s Cardiovascular Research and Education Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yuching Yang
- Women’s Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C. Noel Bairey Merz
- Women’s Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lynn A, Hamadeh H, Leung WC, Russell JM, Barker ME. Effects of pomegranate juice supplementation on pulse wave velocity and blood pressure in healthy young and middle-aged men and women. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 67:309-314. [PMID: 22648092 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-012-0295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate juice may improve cardiovascular risk because of its content of antioxidant polyphenols. We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled parallel study to examine the effect of pomegranate juice on pulse wave velocity (PWV), blood pressure (BP) and plasma antioxidant status (ferric reducing power; FRAP) in 51 healthy adults (30-50 years). Participants consumed 330 ml/day of pomegranate juice or control drink for four weeks. Measurements were made at baseline and at four weeks. There was no effect of the intervention on PWV (P = 0.694) and plasma FRAP (P = 0.700). However, there was a significant fall in systolic blood pressure (-3.14 mmHg, P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (-2.33 mmHg P < 0.001) and mean arterial pressure (-2.60 mmHg, P < 0.001). Change in weight was similar in the two groups over the intervention period (P = 0.379). The fall in BP was not paralleled by changes in concentration of serum angiotensin converting enzyme. We conclude that pomegranate juice supplementation has benefits for BP in the short term, but has no effect on PWV. The mechanism for the effect is uncertain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lynn
- Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Oxidative stress, Noxs, and hypertension: experimental evidence and clinical controversies. Ann Med 2012; 44 Suppl 1:S2-16. [PMID: 22713144 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2011.653393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules that influence many physiological processes. Increased ROS bioavailability and altered redox signaling (oxidative stress) have been implicated in chronic diseases including hypertension. Although oxidative stress may not be the sole cause of hypertension, it amplifies blood pressure elevation in the presence of other prohypertensive factors (salt, renin-angiotensin system, sympathetic hyperactivity). A major source for cardiovascular ROS is a family of non-phagocytic NADPH oxidases (Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, Nox5). Other sources of ROS involve mitochondrial electron transport enzymes, xanthine oxidase, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase. Although evidence from experimental and animal studies supports a role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hypertension, there is still no convincing proof that oxidative stress is a cause of human hypertension. However, what is clear is that oxidative stress is important in the molecular mechanisms associated with cardiovascular and renal injury in hypertension and that hypertension itself can contribute to oxidative stress. The present review addresses the putative function of ROS in the pathogenesis of hypertension and focuses on the role of Noxs in ROS generation in vessels and the kidney. Implications of oxidative stress in human hypertension are discussed, and clinical uncertainties are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto C Montezano
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|